The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
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Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
06-07-2020
Weird roaring sound coming from the sky over the Alps in Austria
Weird roaring sound coming from the sky over the Alps in Austria
It is not the first time that people have heard strange jet-like sounds in the sky, but in all cases there were no airplanes.
With the mysterious ongoing sound coming out of Weining, Guizhou in China, now, on June 25, 2020 a similar incident has occurred in central Austria in the Alps at around 1,200 meters above sea level, when Richard and his wife.heard incredible roars coming from the skies.
They heard the strange sounds, which were 100 times louder then a normal airplane noise, twice for about 6-8 minutes with a 5 minute break between. At first they thought there must be a huge airplane circling above the clouds, but they couldn't see any craft.
Even more interesting is the fact that Richards saw clouds being pushed downwards.which indicates that something was pressing downwards these cloud formations towards Earth, like a huge cloaked spaceship entering our atmosphere which would cause things like that.
Whatever it may have been it has to be at least 1 kilometre in size in order to move our atmosphere the way that it did and to produce the impression of sound moving in a circle around us, said Richard who contacted Linda Moulton Howe about the strange event.
UFO Hunter Finds Alien Warrior Figure in NASA’s Photos of Mars
UFO Hunter Finds Alien Warrior Figure in NASA’s Photos of Mars
The self-proclaimed UFO expert Scott C Waring said that Martians are having a field day in the year 2020 as humans on Earth are fighting the coronavirus. Yes, that’s shocking, right? The UFO enthusiast jaw-dropping revelation came after he discovered aliens on the hillside on the Red Planet in the latest set of NASA rover photos.
Scott said that he discovered the figure on June 19 but unsure whether it was a male or female. The image reminded him of something identical to Mount Rushmore in South Dakota. He noticed the tall hat that appeared to be part of the armor, and he believed to be filled 30% with the person’s head.
Some aliens are believed to have an enlarged or elongated cranium. Scott said that the figure is on the side of a hill, which reminded him of the time he lived near Mount Rushmore, seeing the presidents’ faces on the side of the mountain. Scott stressed that just like humans, it’s a common thing for aliens as intelligent species to carve specific individuals whom they are proud of.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:Ruins, strange artifacts on other planets, moons, ed ( Fr, EN, NL )
EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT THE ENTIRE EARLY UNIVERSE WAS ROTATING
EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT THE ENTIRE EARLY UNIVERSE WAS ROTATING
NASA/ESA
DAN ROBITZSKI
Tilt-A-Whirl
According to new data, the entire early universe was spinning like a planet or galaxy.
The new theory is based on the observation that more galaxies are spinning counterclockwise than clockwise, New Scientist reports, whereas previous models expected a balance between the two directions.
“There is no error or contamination that could exhibit itself through such unique, complex and consistent patterns,” Kansas State astronomer Lior Shamir said in a press release. “We have two different sky surveys showing the exact same patterns, even when the galaxies are completely different.”
Off-Balance
Using data from three powerful observatories including the Hubble Space Telescope, according to New Scientist, Shamir and collaborators found evidence that a rotating universe influenced the spin of galaxies.
And according to data presented at this month’s meeting of the American Astronomical Society, Shamir also found evidence that the universe had an axis of rotation: more galaxies spun counterclockwise when looking up from the Earth’s poles and the opposite was true when looking from the equator.
Wild Ride
That doesn’t mean that the universe itself is spinning around a single point like a giant spiral galaxy. Rather, there’s evidence that it rotated across multiple complex and shifting axes at once.
“If the universe has an axis, it is not a simple single axis like a merry-go-round,” Shamir said in the release. “It is a complex alignment of multiple axes that also have a certain drift.”
NASA proof of aliens? Did NASA photograph a flying bird on Mars? UFO expert stunned
NASA proof of aliens? Did NASA photograph a flying bird on Mars?UFO expert stunned
NASA’S Curiosity Mars Rover has photographed an unexpected anomaly amid the Red Planet’s rocky surface – an terrestrial bird seemingly in flight, which a UFO expert claims could be proof Curiosity is not on Mars at all.
US space agency NASA has been exploring the Gale Crater on Mars since 2012 via its car-sized Curiosity rover. The NASA rover’s comprehensive mission involves examining the apparently arid Martian climate and geology and even assessing whether microbial forms of alien life ever existed on the Red Planet. Now a prominent UFO conspiracy theorist believes the NASA Curiosity Rover has captured a flying bird in one of its Red Planet photos.
Well-known alien life hunter and UFO conspiracy theorist Scott C Waring took to his etdatabase.com blog to broadcast his outlandish claims.
Either animals exist on Mars or ... the rover might not be on Mars at all, but on Devon Island
Scott Waring
He wrote: “This flying bird on Mars was found by Marcelo Irazusta who actually found a bird flying across the surface of Mars captured last week by the Curiosity Rover!
“This is impossible, and yet, there it is … captured in a photo on a NASA website.
“The Curiosity Rover has a 13 minute delay from the time they push the keys on Earth to the time rover gets it.
“So if this is a large bird, then it was taken by accident and was probably not in that area for long.
NASA proof of aliens? A UFO hunter claims to have spotted a bird in flight on Mars
(Image: NASA/Getty)
NASA proof of aliens? The so-called sighting is little more than a black speck
(Image: NASA)
“Of course it could be a UFO – aliens like to use nature to inspire their structures and ships.’
The so-called sighting is little more than a black speck showing up against a great sky in the black and white photograph taken on Sol 2446.
Mr Waring speculated about the potential ramifications of such a dubious find.
He wrote: “It looks like a soaring eagle … which if this is true, it may mean one of two things.
“Either animals exist on Mars or – and I hate this idea, but it needs to be considered – the rover might not be on Mars at all, but on Devon island in Canada.
“Devon is a desolate island area with only a handful of people and NASA has gone there many times to test the rovers in a environment similar to Mars.”
Devon Island is the world's largest uninhabited island selected by NASA for testing its Mars exploration technology.
This is because Devon Island’s harsh climate mimics the environmental conditions on Mars and other planets.
Unexpected anomalies on photographs taken on Mars and the Moon and beamed back to Earth for further examination by NASA are nothing new.
NASA proof of aliens? Curiosity rover has roamed 13.38 miles (21.58km) on Mars
(Image: NASA)
NASA proof of aliens? Ironically, NASA is confident of discovering microbial forms of life on Marsl
(Image: Getty)
However, the reality of the anomaly is far more prosaic.
Camera lens flares, cosmic rays or just reflected sunlight are the most likely candidates for the Mars anomaly.
Cosmic rays are formed by highly charged atomic particles, often travelling from outside the solar system, which are capable of producing tricks of the light on impact.
Cosmic rays are more common on Mars than on Earth due to the Red Planet's thin atmosphere which offers little resistance to such cosmic radiation.
Fish eggs can hatch after being eaten and pooped out by ducks
Fish eggs can hatch after being eaten and pooped out by ducks
In the lab, only a few carp eggs survived the dangerous trip through birds’ innards
Mallard ducks that were fed fish eggs in the lab pooped out a few viable eggs. If fish eggs survive similarly in nature, this mechanism may contribute to the spread of invasive fish.
For fish eggs, getting gobbled by a duck kicks off a harrowing journey that includes a pummeling in the gizzard and an attack by stomach acids. But a few eggs can exit unscathed in a duck’s excrement, possibly helping to spread those fish, including invasive species, to different places, a new study finds.
It’s been an “open question for centuries how these isolated water bodies can be populated by fish,” says fish biologist Patricia Burkhardt-Holm of the University of Basel in Switzerland, who was not involved with the work. This study shows one way that water birds may disperse fish, she says.
Birds’ feathers, feet and feces can spread hardy plant seeds and invertebrates (SN: 1/14/16). But since many fish eggs are soft, researchers didn’t expect that they could survive a bird’s gut, says Orsolya Vincze, an evolutionary biologist at the Centre for Ecological Research in Debrecen, Hungary.
In the lab, Vincze and her colleagues fed thousands of eggs from two invasive carp species to eight mallard ducks. About 0.2 percent of ingested eggs, 18 of 8,000, were intact after defecation, the team found. Some of those eggs contained wriggling embryos and a few eggs hatched, the team reports June 22 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. It’s not clear yet whether eggs survive in this way in the wild.
Most of the viable eggs were pooped out within an hour of being eaten, while one took at least four hours to pass. Migratory ducks could travel dozens or possibly hundreds of kilometers before excreting those eggs, the scientists suggest.
Though the surviving egg count is low, their numbers may add up, making bird poop a possibly important vehicle for spreading fish. A single carp can release hundreds of thousands of eggs at a time, Vincze says. And there are huge numbers of mallards and other water birds throughout the world that may gorge themselves on those eggs.
4 ways to put the 100-degree Arctic heat record in context
4 ways to put the 100-degree Arctic heat record in context
A remote Siberian town recently reported a temperature of 100.4° Fahrenheit ( =37,80° Celcius)
Global warming is particularly rapid in the Arctic, such as in the Yamal region of northwestern Siberia (shown). In June, one Siberian town hit a record high temperature, following six months of unprecedented heat in the region.
On June 20, a remote Siberian town called Verkhoyansk logged a temperature of 38° Celsius (100.4° Fahrenheit), likely setting a new high-temperature record for the Arctic Circle (SN: 6/23/20).
But that new record didn’t occur in a vacuum: It’s part of a long-term trend of historically hot temperatures in Siberia linked to climate change, and a larger, even more worrisome trend of amplified warming over the last few decades throughout the Arctic region. Here are four things to know about this new Arctic record.
1. Siberia has been sweltering under months of precedented warmth.
Globally, May 2020 was the hottest May on record, according to the European Union’s Copernicus Climate Change Service. Much of that record-breaking heat is the result of warming in Siberia, where May temperatures were as much as 10 degrees C higher than average, says climate scientist Martin Stendel of the Danish Meteorological Institute in Copenhagen.
This extreme event in Siberia would not have happened without human-caused climate change, Stendel says. “If we assume for a moment that we don’t have any climate change,” there is a 1 in 100,000 chance of such a hot May in the region, he says. “It’s virtually impossible.”
In fact, Stendel says, Siberian temperatures during the entire six-month period from December 2019 through May 2020 were also “quite extraordinary.” These temperatures were the warmest on record going back to 1979, and likely unprecedented within the last 140 years, according to the Copernicus Climate Change Service.
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2. This particular high temperature probably isn’t unique within the rapidly warming Arctic.
“We don’t have a whole lot of stations [in the region],” says Randall Cerveny, a meteorologist at Arizona State University in Tempe. “There are large portions that we are not monitoring. It is possible that there are higher temperatures in places [where] we don’t have instruments.”
Still, officially noting this record is a way to mark a more symbolic milestone for the whole region. The World Meteorological Organization, which archives global records of weather extremes, hasn’t previously maintained a category of extremes specifically for the Arctic. The addition of this temperature record, which still needs to be verified, would also mean creating such a dedicated category.
The time is right for such a category, Cerveny says, because climate change is warming the Arctic twice as fast as the rest of the planet. “Given that the Arctic is one of our more climatically sensitive regions, it’s pretty important.”
Verifying this record and creating this category isn’t a swift process; it could take months to a couple of years, adds Cerveny, who researches and confirms global weather records for the WMO. Creating such an Arctic temperature category involves not only the approval of WMO officials, but also amassing and verifying data from the eight different countries with territory within the Arctic Circle. Even so, he says, “Everybody at different levels seems amenable to doing it.”
As for the temperature record itself, scientists must first collect the data from the Verkhoyansk station while also ensuring that it was collected according to WMO standardized procedures. Then, an international panel of scientists will examine it. These processes may be even further delayed by the COVID-19 pandemic, Cerveny says.
3. Loss of ice is creating a positive warming feedback.
Accelerated warming within the Arctic region, known as Arctic amplification, is due to “positive feedback” effects that act to enhance the warming already underway.
The largest of these warming feedback effects is the loss of ice cover, both on land and in the ocean, Stendel says. Bright snow and ice reflect much of the incoming radiation from the sun. But the rocks or water beneath them are much darker and absorb more of the sun’s heat instead of reflecting it back into space.
As melting leaves more and more rocks and water exposed, more solar radiation gets absorbed within the region, causing temperatures to rise. “It’s a kind of vicious circle,” Stendel says.
4. The Siberian heat, and thawing permafrost, may be linked to a recent oil spill.
May is usually a winter month above the Arctic Circle, Stendel says. But with warm temperatures in Siberia lasting through the winter and spring of 2020, snow cover disappeared much earlier than it would have otherwise. And with the snow gone, the land is free to absorb more heat from the sun.
The frozen soil of the Arctic Circle is called permafrost. Normally, the top meter or so of the permafrost, called the “active layer,” actually thaws in summer. But with temperatures so warm, that mushy, thawing layer extends deeper, making the ground surface more unstable.
That’s of concern for buildings and facilities drilled into the permafrost, Stendel says. The instability may be responsible for an oil spill May 29 near the Russian city of Norilsk, which leaked about 21,000 metric tons of oil into the Ambarnaya River, polluting an area spanning about 180,000 square meters.
With melting snow vanishing earlier in the spring, the ground can also dry out earlier and more thoroughly than it otherwise would. The combination of extra heat and drier ground is “also an explanation for the many fires we have observed” in the Arctic, Stendel says.
Jerry van Andel sat alone on the bow of the RV Lulu, a floating junkyard of a ship, as it bobbed against the waves of the Pacific Ocean. Across deck, a team of scientists bustled around a basket full of strange life forms, wrenched from a mighty crack in the Earth, 10,000 feet below the ocean's surface.
It was a momentous haul, but van Andel, an energetic Dutch oceanographer from Stanford University, wasn't dancing around the find with the rest of the team. He was deep in thought, propped up on the anchor windlass. A shipmate, John Porteus, noticed and shuffled over.
"What's up?" Porteus asked.
"They don't realize what we've discovered," van Andel replied.
It was 1977. Scientists had just observed life, thriving, in an oceanic ridge at the bottom of the sea for the first time. They expected a desert; they found an oasis. Bizarre fish swam through dark smoke billowing out of rock chimneys. Mollusks clung to hydrothermal vents and otherworldly rift worms -- 6-foot-tall tubes adorned with blood-red plumage -- swayed in the current.
The RV Lulu's mission contained no biologists. It wasn't designed to look for life in the ocean depths. But researchers found it anyway. Subsisting on a diet of toxic hydrogen sulfide in total darkness,under bone-crushing pressure, the place was truly alive. As the bucket of specimens was raised to the surface, van Andel immediately grasped the significance of the find: The definition of "life" was being rewritten.
Riftia pachyptila, the tube worm discovered at the bottom of the ocean.
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
The discovery had profound impacts on scientists' understanding not only of life on our planet, but of the potential for life elsewhere in the solar system. If life could thrive 10,000 feet beneath the sea, then perhaps it could thrive on other planets, too. Planets like Mars.
It seems unlikely the Martian surface, exposed to the harshness of space, could contain anything but the ghostly relics of existence. The planet is too dry. Too cold. But many believe that not only does life exist on Mars, but NASA has already discoveredit.
In 1976, a year prior to the RV Lulu's discovery 10,000 meters below the sea, NASA landed two beetle-shaped spacecraft, Viking 1 and Viking 2, on the surface of Mars. It was the first time the agency had reached the surface of the red planet. The landers were interplanetary laboratories, carrying a suite of instruments capable of detecting life. Only a few weeks after touching down, Viking started performing biological experiments with soil samples from the surface. The first results that trickled back to Earth were astounding: positive.
Life on another planet.
But was it really?
The experiment
Staring at a flickering TV monitor inside NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Gilbert Levin waited nervously with his collaborator Patricia Straat as data from across the cosmos trickled in. It was the night of July 30, 1976, and Levin, a 52-year-old public health engineer with a keen interest in microorganisms, was receiving results from an experiment that had taken place over 200 million kilometers away on the surface of Mars.
Ron Levin pointing at a newly released image from Viking on a monitor from the biology team room at JPL.
Ron Levin
Inside a small chamber on the metal hull of Viking 1, a soil sample was being examined for signs of radioactivity. The test, known as the Labeled Release experiment, was designed to take Martian soil and spray it with a soup of radioactive nutrients. If there were microbes in the soil, they would slurp up the soup and release it into the chamber as a radioactive gas -- a response that could be detected by instruments onboard Viking and, theoretically, prove that life existed on Mars.
On the night of the experiment, Levin's son, Ron, was stationed one floor below the biology team at JPL. He pressed his face up to a plastic window, watching data from the mission being printed onto fanfold paper as Viking slowly sent results home. He could see, through the window, signs of a positive detection.
He quickly ran upstairs to tell his dad and the biology team. Their tension dissipated. At around 9 p.m., the first full readout had been delivered to the lab, showing a sharp curve on the graph. It was the first sign life might exist elsewhere in the cosmos.
"I was so excited I sent out for champagne and a cigar," Levin, now 96, recalls.
Additional experiments were required to confirm what the LR experiment was seeing. A week later, Levin ordered a second sample to be taken and heated to 160 degrees centigrade -- killing any microbes that might be in the soil -- and then treated with the radioactive soup. This time the readout showed nothing, as expected.
"The pre-mission criteria for life detection had been satisfied," Ron says. "Dad found microbial life in the soil of Mars."
In total, Viking performed nine tests, and all appeared to point to the same conclusion. But the excitement was short-lived. Another experiment on the lander failed to detect organic molecules necessary for life, leading NASA scientists to hypothesize the LR experiment had detected an unknown chemical reaction taking place in the soil.
"They decided our experiment was wrong," Gilbert Levin says.
The prince of panspermia
Rhawn Gabriel Joseph believes the LR experiment was right.
Joseph is an enigma wrapped in a riddle wrapped in a shirt unbuttoned to his stomach. He is, according to his autobiography, a well-known and acclaimed neurobiologist. He enjoys the ocean, walking along the beach and hiking. His self-published articles argue life has been found on Mars and Venus, and propagate an alternative view of life's beginnings.
That theory is "panspermia." It holds that life first arose in space and that planets in the solar system were "seeded" with microbes carried across the cosmos by dust, meteors and debris.
"Panspermia is one of those things where all the biologists are saying, 'Maybe it could have happened, but we don't have any evidence for it'," says Paul Myers, a developmental biologist at the University of Minnesota, Morris. Myers has refuted the theory in the past, leading to clashes with Joseph and his colleagues, a group he calls "the panspermia mafia."
Two of panspermia's biggest proponents are famed astronomer Fred Hoyle, who died in 2001, and his protege Chandra Wickramasinghe. Hoyle helped unravel "stellar nucleosynthesis," a process that occurs in stars to generate all the chemical elements in the cosmos and, in collaboration with Wickramasinghe, the pair discovered the organic material that makes up cosmic dust. However, in the latter parts of their careers, the two have made controversial claims with little evidence to back them up, including the idea that viruses, like the flu and coronavirus, come from space.
Myers says the academic pedigree of Hoyle and Wickramasinghe gave panspermia an air of credibility in the 1970s, helping the pair popularize it as a renegade view of the origins of life. But the theory has served as a launching pad for nonsensical, pseudoscientific theories -- including Joseph's belief that Mars is full of mushrooms, fungi and lichen.
Wickramasinghe remains the godfather of panspermia, continuing to publish on the theory in books and his own journals. Rhawn Gabriel Joseph is the heir apparent.
Fred Hoyle (left), Chandra Wickramasinghe (center) and Lee Spetner with a picture of the fossil Archaeopteryx, which they erroneously claimed was a fake.
Getty
***
Most of what I know about Joseph comes via his website, brainmind.com. The site immediately invokes the spirit of another famous Joseph -- the Tiger King, Joseph Maldonado-Passage -- with photoshopped images of Rhawn posing in front of a fiery mushroom cloud reading a novel, black hair puffed atop his head, chest hair peeking out from a baby blue shirt. The site feels like it hasn't been updated since the '90s, a far cry from the wall-of-text curriculum vitaes typically associated with academics and researchers.
It includes a 2,000-word biography where Joseph details his childhood and interests growing up, including the "profound impression" that a decapitated chicken, running to and fro, made on him when he was a toddler. Another story recounts his first intimate experience, at age 13, with his "deliciously lovely, long-legged" neighbor, a woman he says he gazed at "like a hungry lion staring at steak."
These bizarre asides make way for academic credentials, explaining Joseph's early life as a neuroscientist in the 1970s when he made "major discoveries" in the field, before pivoting to his current quest, seeking the origins of life. In 2009, he founded his own journal, the Journal of Cosmology (JOC), and, he claims, by 2011 it was "the most read, most talked about scientific journal in the world."
But JOC isn't really a journal, it's a website. Its credibility has been routinely called into question by fellow academics and it's served as a bastion for fringe scientific beliefs promulgated by a cabal of renegade researchers since inception. In one instance, it published claims by ex-NASA scientist Richard Hoover that fossilized bacteria, born in space, were discovered in meteorites on Earth. NASA shot down the bogus claims, stating they hadn't been thoroughly reviewed by experts, and they were widely rebuked by the astrobiological community.
A screengrab of Rhawn Joseph's website, brainmind.com, on June 29.
Brainmind.com
Joseph's own controversial claims about life on Mars have only occasionally been mentioned in the mainstream press and, mostly, have been met with suspicion. The most high-profile of these came in February 2014, when he filed a lawsuit against NASA compelling the agency to examine a "putative biological organism" seen in images beamed back from Mars by the Opportunity rover. The "organism" was later confirmed to be a rock.
Since then, Joseph has rarely been heard from. Outside of a now-defunct YouTube channel, which amassed millions of views on its videos about ancient history, alien life and war atrocities, he maintains no social media accounts. He is not affiliated with any scientific institutions or universities bar the "Brain Research Laboratory," which he established himself in 1986, and "Astrobiology Associates of Northern California San Francisco." Neither have an online presence or a physical address and Joseph's name appears only four times in PubMed, an online repository of research papers maintained by the National Institutes of Health -- all before 1989. His academic credentials pale in comparison to Hoyle and Wickramasinghe.
Joseph remains a mysterious figure, the invisible prince of a ramshackle kingdom. And while his contentious views of the cosmos have mostly been ignored by NASA and the wider scientific community, he's recently claimed a breakthrough.
The mushrooms on Mars
The first interaction I had with Rhawn Gabriel Joseph was via an email sent to journalists on April 11 of this year. The subject line was eyebrow-raising: "Life on Mars published by Nature/Springer." Attached to the email was a 50-page document claiming evidence strongly supports the idea "mushrooms, algae, lichens, fungi and related organisms" are present on the Martian surface.
It contained 13 images, obtained by NASA's Opportunity rover during its time in Eagle Crater. These predominantly featured zoomed and cropped images of Martian "blueberries," spherical rocks composed of hematite, a mineral made of oxygen and iron. The screed "refuted" the notion that these sphericules are hematite and instead posited they may be photosynthesizing mushroom colonies.
The "blueberries" discovered by Opportunity Rover in April, 2004. The blueberries are made of hematite, a common iron oxide mineral.
NASA/JPL-Caltech/Cornell/USGS
The extraordinary claims were accepted for publication and set to appear in a respected, long-running journal, known as Astrophysics & Space Science. Articles submitted to the journal undergo peer review, a process allowing other scientists to anonymously evaluate and validate the research.
After I raised questions about the veracity of Joseph's research with Jeremy Mould, the editor in chief of Astrophysics & Space Science, a spokesperson for the journal confirmed it had investigated the peer review process and "revealed concerns over its robustness." Further peer reviews were ordered, but Joseph withdrew the article from consideration, claiming the publishers had caved in to "pressure from NASA." A week later, he decided to self-publish on another website of his, known as "Astrophysics and Space Science Reviews," a name eerily similar to the Springer Nature journal.
How Joseph's piece moved past the peer review process and was accepted for publication remains a mystery. The process usually weeds out these explicitly non-scientific claims. Other astronomers and astrobiologists who examined the research soundly rebuked its conclusions, citing poor methodology and analysis.
Michael Brown, an astronomer at Monash University in Australia, said "there's some pretty horrible over-interpretation of blurry photos," while Gretchen Benedix, a geophysicist at Curtin University in Australia, noted "increasing image sizes to investigate the objects of interest does not change the resolution of the image and therefore does not give better analysis of the objects of interest."
Rocco Mancinelli, the editor in chief of the International Journal of Astrobiology, called the science and logic "completely flawed," and said he would recommend it be rejected for publication.
A NASA spokesperson told me "the consensus of the majority of the scientific community is that current conditions on the surface of Mars are not suitable for liquid water or complex life."
The Martian mushroom hypothesis fell apart. But six months earlier, Joseph's theories of interplanetary fungi had already made it to the big leagues.
The danger (and the fungi on Venus)
In November 2019, Astrophysics & Space Science published Joseph's paper, titled "Life on Venus and the interplanetary transfer of biota from Earth."
The 18-page document proposes that Russia's Venera 13 lander, which spent 127 minutes on the surface of Venus in 1982 before succumbing to extreme heat, had photographed images of organisms resembling lichen and fungi. Like his Mars work, Joseph's review provides "evidence" of life via grainy digital images stretched, cropped and zoomed to oblivion, but notes "similarities in morphology are not proof of life."
It's the first and only example of a paper by Joseph to be published in a legitimate, peer-reviewed journal in the last decade. But following the controversy over the Mars paper, Joseph asked Astrophysics & Space Science to withdraw his Venus review and refund all publication costs, claiming that it publishes "fake articles." After I raised questions about the paper, Springer Nature said the Venus paper "will be carefully investigated following publishing best practice." It's still available online and has been cited in at least one other scientific paper in a key space science journal. On June 23, after raising additional questions about the paper, an editor's note was added.
Over the last decade, Joseph and JOC have mostly been ignored by NASA and by the scientific community. Very few scientists take the alien fungi claims seriously, but Joseph's work has been highlighted in UK tabloids, RT and many well-meaning science news sites since February 2019. Some have touted Joseph's websites as "scientific journals" and even confused Joseph's vanity website with legitimate, similarly named journals. One painted Joseph as someone trying to "defy the odds."
And that's where the danger lies.
Astrobiology, the search for and study of extraterrestrial life, is a serious scientific endeavor. NASA has an astrobiology program, and searching for life is a critical part of its Mars exploration program. And although the public seems resistant to fanciful claims of fungal spores on Mars or lichen on Venus, they haven't gone away. If anything, social media seems to have made us more gullible. As crank, fringe theories start to gather steam in honest peer-reviewed journals, the public's perception of astrobiology can quickly be muddied.
"I feel like these guys have just poisoned the whole field," says Myers.
Gil Levin, the scientist on Viking's LR experiment, feels similarly. He published in Joseph's JOC in 2010 and has a history with Joseph, who nominated the work for a Nobel prize. But in recent years, Levin has distanced himself. "He got to be so erratic that I was afraid to be associated with his work," he says.
Joseph maintains that NASA has been infiltrated and is "controlled by religious fanatics" opposed to searching for extraterrestrial life. He claims he has ended his career "by discovering and documenting the obvious evidence of life on Mars" and says he can only wait for China to investigate the planet because NASA will "never tell the truth."
An image taken by the Venera 13 lander from the surface of Venus.
NSSDC
The detective
Luther Beegle, a planetary scientist at NASA's JPL, believes the truth is simple: Viking didn't find life on Mars. But he does say there's an argument to be made that NASA got the order of the experiments all wrong.
"They did Viking and got a bunch of results they didn't understand," says Beegle. He explains how Viking was designed as a biology experiment -- but the space agency didn't have a firm understanding of the Martian soil or atmosphere. It should have done geology and chemistry first. The ambiguous results from Viking's LR experiment had a considerable impact on NASA's exploration the red planet.
Beegle is part of JPL's science division and has overseen work performed by the Curiosity rover since it arrived on Mars in 2012. The next Mars mission will see him become a modern-day Arthur Conan Doyle -- only his Sherlock Holmes is a 10-pound instrument mounted on the robotic arm of Perseverance, NASA's next-gen Mars rover.
"Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman & Luminescence for Organics & Chemicals" or Sherloc, as the instrument is affectionately known, will search for signs of life on the red planet, almost 50 years after Viking's first experiments, when it launches to Mars in July. The instrument, and its companion camera (nicknamed Watson), is capable of taking microscopic images of Mars and analyzing them. Equipped with a laser it can fire at the surface, Sherloc is able to measure chemicals present in the soil and rock using a technique known as spectroscopy.
"We do two types of spectroscopy using the same laser," Beegle explains. "The first spectroscopy is Raman spectroscopy, where we get molecular fingerprints."
The Raman spectrometer is able to detect molecules like salts, hydrocarbons and even nucleotides -- the chemical compounds that form RNA and DNA. The other spectrometer detects fluorescence and, Beegle says, is designed to look primarily for aromatic organics, highly stable molecules known to be important in biochemical processes.
If life did exist on Mars, Perseverance should be able to find it.
Perseverance prior to launch at NASA's JPL
NASA/JPL-Caltech
In February 2021, the rover is scheduled to touch down in Jezero Crater, a region that was once the site of a long-lived Martian lake. It contains layers of sediment that may hold the tell-tale signs that life once thrived there. Sherloc will map the surface of the crater at the microscopic level, inch by inch, and the data it gathers will provide a window into the past.
And Perseverance is tasked with the first stage of a sample recovery mission. The rover is expected to take core samples of the Martian soil during its time at the surface. "We're going to put them in sample tubes to seal them up, and then we're going to leave them on the surface," Beegle notes.
In 2026, a sample-return mission will launch with the aim of nabbing the dropped samples and placing them on a rocket to Martian orbit and eventually back to Earth.
The bottom of the ocean and the edge of the cosmos
The existence of deep-sea rift worms was inconceivable before van Andel and a team of undersea explorers discovered them, swaying in the warm waters of Earth's hydrothermal vent system.
And while seeing them thriving at the bottom of the ocean is evidence enough of the variety of ways life can exist, what makes the worms truly remarkable is invisible to the human eye.
The worms have no mouth and no gut. They can't hunt for food. Instead, as Colleen Cavanaugh discovered in 1981, trillions of microbes inhabit their bodies, converting hydrogen sulfide and oxygen into energy, a process known as "chemosynthesis." The worms depend on the bacteria to survive.
The discovery of chemosynthesis in the rift worm helped change our perceptions of not just the ocean floor, but the cosmos itself. A 2017 Nature paper described microfossils, up to 4.3 billion years old, present in sediment from ancient hydrothermal vents. If bacteria did arise and survive under such conditions, why couldn't they have done so below the surface of Mars? Or in the abyss below the icy shell of Jupiter's moon Europa? Perhaps life could even take advantage of the hydrocarbon lakes present on the surface of Titan. Those theories are yet to be rigorously tested.
We found life thriving in places we never expected almost 50 years ago. We can still be surprised. So we can't, and shouldn't, write off the theory of panspermia outright. We can't put a line through the idea that life is lurking underneath Mars' barren exterior. The evidence suggests it's highly unlikely, but we can't be certain.
On the other hand, allowing discredited and outlandish claims of mushrooms on Mars or fungi on Venus to be published in legitimate academic journals puts us on a slippery slope. Misinformation spreads quickly and easily. It can actively harm honest, rational astrobiology research.
There is no NASA conspiracy. We landed on the moon. The Earth is not flat. Coronavirus didn't come from outer space. There are no fungi on Venus.
STRANGER THINGS obviously draws more than a little inspiration from our favorite films of the 1980s — classics like ET, THE GOONIES, and POLTERGEIST are major influences that the show wears proudly on its proverbial sleeve. But did you know that show creators Matt and Ross Duffer also drew inspiration from the real world?
A show primarily centered on a child-eating monster that lives in an alternate universe dubbed The Upside Down, it may not seem like STRANGER THINGS has any basis in reality, but it’s the storyline involving gifted young girl Eleven that has a horrifying connection to the world of non-fiction.
Played by an exceptional Millie Bobby Brown, Eleven is a little girl with psychokinetic abilities who escapes from a sinister laboratory at the start of the series, and we eventually learn that she was used by the top secret agency to open up a portal between the physical world and The Upside Down – allowing the monster to cross over into our world and snatch both Will Byers and Barbara Holland.
As mentioned in the show, Eleven was an unwilling participant in Project MKUltra, taken from her mother at birth and trained to do the bidding of the evil Dr. Martin Brenner. Fiction? Well, not exactly. Because believe it or not, Project MKUltra was a very real program carried out by the CIA.
An offshoot of a program that involved the participation of Nazi scientists, Project MKUltra was launched by the CIA in 1953, and the main idea was to test out mind-control techniques as a way of obtaining top secret information from enemy captives – as well as to potentially create “robot agents” who would do anything they were asked to do. Like the fictional Eleven in STRANGER THINGS, the test subjects were mostly nonconsensual citizens who were subjected to all sorts of experimental torture techniques, up to and including extended sensory deprivation, hypnosis, and sexual abuse. Various mind-altering drugs were also administered to the human guinea pigs, intent on inflicting temporary brain damage, physical disablement, and even decreased/increased aging.
Because most of the classified MKUltra files were destroyed by the CIA in 1973, two years before the diabolical program was even made known to the public, many specific details about the experiments remain unclear. But by all accounts, the research was incredibly widespread, conducted at nearly 100 different institutions across the United States and Canada. Test subjects included prisoners, prostitutes, mental patients, and even CIA operatives, and in the majority of experiments, the participants were not even made aware of the fact that they were part of the program. Various reports note that CIA agents were slipped copious amounts of LSD in their morning coffee, for example, leading them to ramble incoherently about monsters. One CIA employee even leapt to his death out of a 13th story hotel window as a result of being covertly slipped LSD, and it’s likely he wasn’t the only casualty.
Many believe that the man, Dr. Frank Olson, was actually murdered by the CIA, who feared that he was going to divulge the sinister secrets of Project MKUltra.
Documents obtained from the Canadian branch of MKUltra make note of test subjects being so altered as a result of forced comas and extended LSD use that they completely lost sight of who they even were, often mistaking their captors for their own parents. You may remember, in STRANGER THINGS, that Eleven referred to Dr. Brenner as “papa,” which is very much in line with the actual behavior of the real-life victims of MKUltra. Similarly, we learn in the series that her mother’s brain was completely wiped clean, which you’ll also find evidence of in the declassified files that weren’t destroyed.
After MKUltra was officially shut down in 1973, program head Dr. Sidney Gottlieb admitted that the two decades worth of experiments, likely far exceeding a cost of $10 million, were completely useless. Over 40 years later, there’s no doubt that MKUltra is no longer in existence, but it is the belief of many that the CIA continues to conduct bizarre and unsanctioned experiments on unwilling citizens across the country. We know they did in the past, so is it so hard to believe that they never stopped…?
Pole Shift: Entering Solar Cycle 25, Next Carrington Event & Geomagnetic Storm, Oppenheimer Ranch Project
Pole Shift: Entering Solar Cycle 25, Next Carrington Event & Geomagnetic Storm, Oppenheimer Ranch Project
The cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis is a fringe theory suggesting that there have been geologically rapid shifts in the relative positions of the modern-day geographic locations of the poles and the axis of rotation of the Earth, creating calamities such as floods and tectonic events.
The Leak Project was created to offer awareness and information not found in the main stream news.
With over 90% of the Worlds Media controlled by only 6 Enormous Conglomerates, many people are looking for more accurate information.
The Leak Project offers a refreshing approach to the brain drain media. Check back daily for new content as we thrive to bring you the cutting edge in news, current events, on scene video footage, interviews and information.
On Nov 20th, 2013, I was driving home from work heading south on I-89. I had just come to the top of the big hill and was passing the Berlin exit on my right when I looked to my left and out over the city of Berlin I was what looked like up to 7 large (maybe the size of a pea if you were to hold one out in your hands at arms length) bright orange lights.
I watched for a few seconds as the light stayed stationary in an odd slightly uniform geometric shape, maybe something that would resemble the corners of say an octagon or possibly a six sided star then a few of the lights” faded out,” except three that stayed in a large triangular shape for maybe another second or two then they faded out as well.
The size of the formation was maybe the size of ones fist, i.e. if you held out your fist, it would roughly cover the array of lights.
I reached for my phone to turn on the camera and try to get a picture, but they were gone by then. The sighting lasted possibly 5-7 seconds roughly.
The skies were perfectly clear and bright with no clouds and no limit to ones visual range.
I would say that the direction I was looking in was South possibly South West.
As I continued driving, I tried to rationalize what it was, and the best I could come up with was that maybe it was a meteor burning up or something in space. However, at approximately 5:05 pm EST, I arrived at the Williamstown exit and exited right off of I-89 south and turned left towards Williamstown, VT.
I was shocked when I looked up and the lights were back in the same direction as before (roughly the same spot in the sky ). This time the lights were in a sort of crescent moon line, not a straight line with the arc opening upwards towards the sky.
I quickly turned into a driveway and hoped out with my camera, however when my camera came on the lights faded out again. This time there was 4 lights and they faded out at once, as far as I could tell, and there was a small light blinking, at roughly where they were.
I then arrived home at roughly 5:20, and it was dark at this time. I stayed outside looking for as long as I could, and noticed that there were two jets very high in the sky that were making huge circles in the sky overhead. I could literally watch them make a he circle which took up about as much or the sky as I could see from my home. They remained in the sky for as long as I stayed outside.
NOTE:The above image is real but from another sighting in Spain.
Triangular UFO Spotted for the Third Time Over Texas
Triangular UFO Spotted for the Third Time Over Texas
Triangular UFO was spotted again in Texas for the third time after one sighting on New Year’s Day and another last February.
The latest triangular-shaped UFO can be seen clearly in a video. The mysterious aerial thing was first seen in Houston on New Year’s Day and then spotted again in a motorway in Bogata the next month.
The third Texas UFO this year has been seen this time around above Seguin in possibly the clearest footage yet.
The footage shows a group of seven lights flying in a triangle formation across the dark sky.
The man behind the camera can be heard saying words of surprise.
The lights continued to move on their path and disappeared out of sight after just a few minutes.
YouTube conspiracy channel Disclose Screen shared the video and received mixed suggestions.
One viewer suggested that one or two of the lights were the army and the police operating with their new toys.
Some viewers believe they are lights of one UFO as aliens are monitoring the situation of people below amid the pandemic.
Cigar-shaped UFO filmed today (5th July 2020). This happened over Jakarta, Indonesia’s massive capital.
Witness report:
Almost rectangular.. No wings… Maintained same altitude until it disappeared… Object suddenly appeared above me, was moving from ESE to WSW and moving very slow for a passenger jet. (I am Ex US Air Force and a certified international aircraft mechanic… I know planes just a little) At 1st thought it was a military drone. No sound what so ever. Clear skies. Length about the size of an air bus. Approximately 3 X’s as wide. No wings… I recorded a video from my cell phone at 60 fps 3840 x 2160 16:9 FHD… (for 1 minute 10 seconds…) Last i saw it it just flat out dissappeared as it had appeared…
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In recent years, black hole mergers in our universe have been detected via ripples in spacetime known as gravitational waves. Now, for the first time, astronomers believe they’ve observed visible light from a black hole merger, in a peculiar 3-black-hole system.
Artist’s concept of a peculiar black hole system, in which 2 small black holes are merging in the disk surrounding a 3rd, supermassive black hole. Astronomers think that, when the 2 smaller holes merged, they sent a newly formed black hole flying through the gaseous disk, disturbing the gas and producing a visible light flare.
Astronomers long believed – and in recent years they’ve observed – that 2 black holes orbiting each other sometimes spiral closer and then merge. Until now, they’ve never seen visible light from such a merger. What they observe are elusive signals from black hole mergers called gravitational waves: ripples in spacetime. Meanwhile, theorists have proposed ways that black hole mergers might explode with visible light. This month, for the first time, astronomers in California announced evidence that they’ve now seen one of these light-producing scenarios.
The new study describing the origin of the light explosion, or flare, was published June 25, 2020, in the peer-reviewed journal Physical Review Letters.
The evidence comes from Caltech’s robotic Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), located at Palomar Observatory near San Diego. ZTF’s job is to survey the night sky, capturing a multiplicity of unexpected flares and eruptions, lighting up like cosmic fireflies in the night. On May 21, 2019, the ZTF robot telescope detected a flare generated by a distant active supermassive black hole, or quasar, called J1249+3449. This object is an estimated 12.8 billion light-years away.
Around that same time, two gravitational wave detectors – the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) and the European Virgo detector – also detected an event. They labeled the gravitational wave event S190521g.
Now, more than a year later, astronomers have done the careful analysis, coordination and review needed to say that, yes, these two events – one in visible light, one in gravitational waves – likely spring from the same black hole merger. Matthew Graham of Caltech is lead author of the new research and ZTF project scientist.He said in a statement from Caltech:
This supermassive black hole was burbling along for years before this more abrupt flare.
The flare occurred on the right timescale, and in the right location, to be coincident with the gravitational-wave event. In our study, we conclude that the flare is likely the result of a black hole merger, but we cannot completely rule out other possibilities.
Astronomer Matthew Graham of Caltech is project scientist of the robotic Zwicky Transient Facility and lead author of the new research.
How do two merging black holes erupt with light? Graham and his fellow astronomers believe that two small black holes resided within a disk surrounding a much-larger black hole. A co-author of the new research, Kathleen E. Saavik Ford of the Graduate Center at City University New York (CUNY), explained:
At the center of most galaxies lurks a supermassive black hole. It’s surrounded by a swarm of stars and dead stars, including [other] black holes. These objects swarm like angry bees around the monstrous queen bee at the center. They can briefly find gravitational partners and pair up but usually lose their partners quickly to the mad dance. But in a supermassive black hole’s disk, the flowing gas converts the mosh pit of the swarm to a classical minuet, organizing the black holes so they can pair up.
Astrophysicist Kathleen E. Saavik Ford of CUNY is a co-author of the new research.
According to the scenario described by these scientists, once the two smaller black holes merged into a new black hole, that new black hole experienced a “kick” that sent it flying off in a random direction within the gaseous disk of the supermassive black hole. Astronomer Barry McKernan, also of CUNY, said:
It is the reaction of the gas to this speeding bullet [the newly formed black hole] that creates a bright flare, visible with telescopes.
Such a flare is predicted to begin days to weeks after the initial splash of gravitational waves produced during the merger, these astronomers said. Their statement explained:
In this case, ZTF did not catch the event right away, but when the scientists went back and looked through archival ZTF images months later, they found a signal that started days after the May 2019 gravitational-wave event. ZTF observed the flare slowly fade over the period of a month.
The scientists attempted to get a more detailed look at the light of the supermassive black hole, called a spectrum, but by the time they looked, the flare had already faded. A spectrum would have offered more support for the idea that the flare came from merging black holes within the disk of the supermassive black hole. However, the researchers say they were able to largely rule out other possible causes for the observed flare, including a supernova or a tidal disruption event, which occurs when a black hole essentially eats a star.
What is more, the team says it is not likely that the flare came from the usual rumblings of the supermassive black hole, which regularly feeds off its surrounding disk. Using the Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey, led by Caltech, they were able to assess the behavior of the black hole over the past 15 years, and found that its activity was relatively normal until May of 2019, when it suddenly intensified.
Another co-author, astronomer Mansi Kasliwal of Caltech, said:
Supermassive black holes like this one have flares all the time. They are not quiet objects, but the timing, size, and location of this flare was spectacular
The reason looking for flares like this is so important is that it helps enormously with astrophysics and cosmology questions. If we can do this again and detect light from the mergers of other black holes, then we can nail down the homes of these black holes and learn more about their origins.
These astronomers believe the newly formed black hole should cause another flare in the next few years. The same process that sent the newly formed black hole flying – after the two smaller black holes coalesced into one – should cause the new black hole to enter the supermassive black hole’s disk again:
… producing another flash of light that ZTF should be able to see.
Astronomer Mansi Kasliwal.
Bottom line: In recent years, black hole mergers in our universe have been detected via ripples in spacetime known as gravitational waves. Now, for the first time, astronomers believe they’ve observed visible light from a black hole merger, in a peculiar 3-black-hole system.
A new study shown by NASA scientists at the Goldschmidt conference this week provides further evidence that Europa’s ocean is habitable and similar to Earth’s oceans.
Europa has many cracks in its otherwise smooth surface. Many believe the cracks are the result of the rising and falling of tides in a global ocean beneath Europa’s icy surface. A new study adds to the evidence that this subsurface ocean may be habitable.
Is there life on Jupiter’s ocean moon Europa? This moon has fascinated space enthusiasts for decades, since scientists determined there’s a global ocean of water beneath the moon’s icy outer crust. Last week (June 24, 2020), NASA scientists announced new research that supports the idea that Europa’s ocean is habitable. They said this underground ocean is likely similar in many ways to the open-air oceans on Earth.
The fascinating results were presented at the Goldschmidt conference (virtual this year due to Covid-19). The associated abstract is available on the conference website. These are preliminary results, and not yet peer-reviewed.
First, the findings support what scientists had predicted about the composition of the ocean, as planetary scientist and lead researcher Mohit Melwani Daswani explained in a statement:
We were able to model the composition and physical properties of the core, silicate layer, and ocean. We find that different minerals lose water and volatiles at different depths and temperatures. We added up these volatiles that are estimated to have been lost from the interior, and found that they are consistent with the current ocean’s predicted mass, meaning that they are probably present in the ocean.
A cutaway illustrative view of Europa’s subsurface ocean.
To reach this conclusion, the researchers modeled geochemical reservoirs within the interior of Europa using data from the old Galileo mission. The results are significant since they show that oceans like the one on Europa can be formed by metamorphism, that is, by a change of minerals or a distinct arrangement of minerals (a change in what geologists call texture) in preexisting rocks (protoliths) without the protolith melting into liquid magma.
On Europa, heating and increased pressure caused by early radioactive decay or later subsurface tidal movement, would have caused a breakdown of water-containing minerals. Trapped water would be released, and Europa’s underground ocean would be born.
So what about habitability?
The study also found that Europa’s ocean would have been mildly acidic at first, with high concentrations of carbon dioxide, calcium and sulfate. But over time, it became chloride-rich, resembling oceans on Earth (seawater on Earth contains 1.94% chloride). According to Daswani:
Indeed it was thought that this ocean could still be rather sulfuric, but our simulations, coupled with data from the Hubble Space Telescope, showing chloride on Europa’s surface, suggests that the water most likely became chloride rich. In other words, its composition became more like oceans on Earth. We believe that this ocean could be quite habitable for life.
Europa is one of our best chances of finding life in our own solar system. NASA’s Europa Clipper mission will launch in the next few years, and so our work aims to prepare for the mission, which will investigate Europa’s habitability. Our models lead us to think that the oceans in other moons, such as Europa’s neighbor Ganymede, and Saturn’s moon Titan, may also have formed by similar processes.
We still need to understand several points though, such as how fluids migrate through Europa’s rocky interior.
Although not proven yet, there is growing evidence for water vapor plumes on Europa, similar to those on Saturn’s moon Enceladus (artist’s concept).
Another interesting possibility is that volcanic vents on the seafloor of Europa’s ocean might have contributed to the process of the water’s becoming chloride-rich. That would be exciting, since such vents on Earth provide heat and nutrients to a wide variety of life in our world’s deep oceans.
The Cassini spacecraft has already found evidence for such vents on the seafloor of Saturn’s moon Enceladus, which also has a global ocean beneath its icy crust.
These or other energy sources would be necessary for life to evolve and thrive in an underground ocean: a dark and sunless environment. As Steve Mojzsis, Professor of Geology at the University of Colorado Boulder, noted:
A long-standing question over whether a ‘cloaked ocean’ world like Europa could be habitable boils down to whether it can sustain a flow ofelectronswhich might provide the energy to power life. What remains unclear is whether such icy moons could ever generate enough heat to melt rock; certainly interesting chemistry takes place within these bodies, but what reliable flow of electrons could be used by alien life to power itself in the cold, dark depths?
A key aspect that makes a world ‘habitable’ is an intrinsic ability to maintain these chemical disequilibria. Arguably, icy moons lack this ability, so this needs to be tested on any future mission to Europa.
Jupiter’s ocean moon Europa, as seen by the Galileo spacecraft. This image is a combination of images from 1995 and 1998.
The results of the new study are tantalizing, but more work needs to be done. How much chloride is really in Europa’s ocean? As mentioned in a June 25, 2020, article on Centauri Dreams, a paper from 2019 stated the following about sodium chloride (NaCl) on Europa:
The presence of NaCl on Europa has important implications for our understanding of the internal chemistry and its geochemical evolution through time. Whereas aqueous differentiation of chondritic material and long-term leaching from a chondritic seafloor can result in a system rich in sulfates, more extensive hydrothermal circulation, as on Earth, may lead to an NaCl-rich ocean. The plume chemistry of Enceladus, which is perhaps the best analog to Europa, suggests an NaCl-dominated ocean and a hydrothermally active seafloor. However, the compositional relationship between Europa’s ocean and its endogenous material is unknown, and the surface may simply represent the end result of a compositional stratification within the ice shell… Regardless of whether the observed NaCl directly relates to the ocean composition, its presence warrants a reevaluation of our understanding of the geochemistry of Europa.
Scientists can learn more about Europa’s ocean by modeling, but obtaining solid evidence will require actually sending a mission back there. Fortunately, NASA’s Europa Clipper mission is set to do just that, scheduled to launch in 2023.
Europa is one of the largest moons in the solar system with a diameter of 1,926 miles (3,100 km), just a little less than Earth’s moon. While the subsurface ocean is relatively warm (exact temperature not known yet), on the almost airless surface of Europa the temperatures are always a bitter minus 256 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 160 degrees Celsius) or lower.
Mohit Melwani Daswani, planetary scientist at NASA and lead author of the new study.
There is also growing evidence for water vapor plumes on Europa, similar to those on Saturn’s moon Enceladus. If they are there, Europa Clipper could fly through them, just as Cassini did at Enceladus, and sample the vapor for analysis. If connected to the ocean, as Enceladus’ are thought to be, that would provide valuable clues as to conditions in the Europan ocean and, maybe, even evidence of life itself.
The latest analysis of Europa’s ocean is tantalizing, but we will know a lot more after Europa Clipper – and ESA’s Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer (JUICE) mission – take a closer look in the years ahead.
Bottom line: New study by NASA scientists shows that Europa’s ocean is habitable.
The mysterious artifacts—depicting strange beings with elongated heads, and oval-shaped eyes, as well as objects that resemble “spaceships” have been unearthed by a group of explorers in a Mexican cave.
A group of explorers has discovered in a Mexican cave evidence what they boast as the best evidence of alien contact on Earth.
The group of explorers recently visited the cave and explored it in detail.
The cave—part of three caves actually—is located between the cities of Veracruz and Puebla.
In two of the cases, researchers made unexpected discoveries including several carved stones with images that represent alien related engravings.
Furthermore, the group of explorers discovered a number of golden items in another cave.
On the surface of the stones, the group of researchers found evidence of what many people interpret as ‘extraterrestrial ships’ and ‘humanoid beings’; one of the stones, which was apparently fractured sometime in the past, supposedly shows the upper part of a spaceship together with a being which according to some people, is not from this world.
The depicted image features an alleged alien being standing next to an ancient ruler of a pre-Hispanic culture receiving a corncob, in addition to some other symbols that are still to be deciphered; these artifacts were dubbed “stones of the first encounter.”
Are these artifacts an elaborate hoax? If they are not, then we’ve come across one of the most unprecedented discoveries in history. Image Credit
The entire story sounds too good to be true—but is it?
It is reported that local legends speak of a mysterious ‘ship’ that has remained since time immemorial, hidden somewhere near the caves.
This was the main reason why the group of explorers set out to search the area three months ago.
Their search has yielded totally unexpected results. They have come across—what they believe is—the ultimate evidence that aliens beings visited Earth thousands of years ago, and had direct contact with ancient cultures inhabiting Mexico at that time.
What the discovery suggests or, what implications the group of explorers will have is still to be seen.
Jose Aguayo explained how INAH—The National Institute of Anthropology and History—can not say anything about the find since it is not typical archeology for one main reason; the artifacts depict things that contradict mainstream history and go everything we’ve been told about our history and origins.
“If at any given moment the National Institute of Anthropology and History decided to collect the artifacts, it would have huge implications for both sides since the INAH—an official government agency—would basically accept one of the most denied ‘facts’—the existence of beings not from Earth, who directly influenced ancient cultures around the globe.
An ancient circle of deep trenches has been found near Stonehenge. Scientists say the newly discovery site offers insights into the lives of people who lived in the area 4,500 years ago.
A team of archaeologists has discovered a massive ring of prehistoric trenches at the site of an ancient village about 1.9 miles (3 km) from the famous Stonehenge monument in the U.K. The team believes the circle of pits – carbon dated to about 2,500 B.C. – might have guided some people toward religious sites in the area, while warning others not to cross a boundary.
The find also makes the site the largest prehistoric structure in Britain and possibly in Europe. That’s according to University of Bradford archaeologist Vincent Gaffney, lead author of the analysis, which was published online on June 21, 2020 in the peer-reviewed, open-access journal Internet Archaeology. Bradford was quoted in a June 22 article at the New York Times:
It has completely transformed how we understand this landscape – there is no doubt about it.
The ring of shafts is 1.2 miles (2 km) wide, up to 33 feet (10 meters) across and 16 feet (5 meters) deep. It was discovered around a Neolithic village known as Durrington Walls, the site of a henge monument. Researchers have identified up to 20 shafts but estimate there may have been more than 30 originally.
This low-level aerial photograph clearly shows the earlier circular earthwork that surrounds the stone monument.
Nick Snashall is National Trust archaeologist for the Stonehenge and Avebury World Heritage Site. She said:
As the place where the builders of Stonehenge lived and feasted, Durrington Walls is key to unlocking the story of the wider Stonehenge landscape, and this astonishing discovery offers us new insights into the lives and beliefs of our Neolithic ancestors.
Archaeologists believe the circle of shafts marks a boundary around the massive henge at Durrington. The features, along with an internal post line, might have guided some people toward religious sites in the area, while warning others not to cross a boundary. Gaffney told the New York Times:
Stonehenge was for the dead. Durrington was for the living. But now, what we are probably looking at was this great big boundary around them probably warning people of what they are approaching.
Gaffney said it was extraordinary that such a major find had been made so close to Stonehenge. He said in a statement:
The area around Stonehenge is among the most studied archaeological landscapes on Earth, and it is remarkable that the application of new technology can still lead to the discovery of such a massive prehistoric structure which, currently, is significantly larger than any comparative prehistoric monument that we know of in Britain, at least.
When these pits were first noted, it was thought they might be natural features – solution hollows in the chalk. Only when the larger picture emerged, through the geophysical surveys undertaken as part of the Stonehenge Hidden Landscape Project, could we join the dots and see there was a pattern on a massive scale.
Stonehenge closed on March 18, 2020 as the British government introduced measures to combat the coronavirus pandemic. But English Heritage has announced that Stonehenge is now open for visitors, although tickets and other safety measures are required. If you can’t visit, take a virtual tour instead.
The size of the shafts and circuit surrounding Durrington Walls is without precedent within the UK. It demonstrates the significance of Durrington Walls Henge, the complexity of the monumental structures within the Stonehenge landscape, and the capacity and desire of Neolithic communities to record their cosmological belief systems in ways, and at a scale, that we had never previously anticipated.
Bottom line: A team of archaeologists has discovered a massive ring of prehistoric trenches at the site of an ancient village about 2 miles from the famous Stonehenge monument in the U.K.
An examination of files that the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency has declassified under the terms of the Freedom of Information Act reveals that, in the Cold War environment of the 1970’s, the Agency spent considerable time researching the existence (or otherwise) of extra-sensory perception and psychic phenomena. Not only that: the DIA was predominantly troubled by one particularly nightmarish and nagging scenario: that the Soviets would succeed in using ESP as a tool of espionage and that the secrets of the Pentagon, the CIA and just about everyone else would be blown wide open for Kremlin and KGB psychic-penetration. Acting on this concern, the DIA (along with the CIA and the U.S. Army) began to seriously address the issue of whether or not the powers of the mind would one day prove superior to – or at the very least, the equal of – conventional tools of espionage and warfare. And it was as a result of its intensive study of Soviet research into psychic phenomena for espionage purposes, that the DIA learned of some of the notable advances made by both Russian and Czechoslovakian scientists whose attention was focused on the links between psychic phenomena and the animal kingdom.
In a now-declassified September 1975 document, Soviet and Czechoslovakian Parapsychology Research, the DIA reveals its findings on animals and psychic phenomena in the former Soviet block countries. Interestingly, the Defense Intelligence Agency learned that Soviet research into the world of psychic powers in animals began decades previously and focused on attempts to determine the validity of mind-to-mind contact between human beings and dogs. One section of the document is titled Telepathy in Animals. Soviet research on telepathy in animals in the 1920s and 1930s was devoted largely to proving that telepathy between man and animals did indeed exist. The DIA continued: “[Vladimir] Bekhterev’s original objective was to demonstrate that telepathy between man and animals was mediated by some form of electromagnetic radiation (FMR), but by 1937, he and other Soviet parapsychologists had concluded that no known form of EMR was the carrier of thought transmission. The EMR theory of information transfer is still unresolved by the Soviets, but is still the major basis underlying much of their research.”
Three decades after Bekheterev’s original research, the Soviets were still working hard to make advances in this intriguing area: “In 1962 B.S. Kazhinskiy advanced the theory that animals are capable of visual and aural perception and reflex understanding of the behavior of other animals or humans. He postulated that this ability resulted from the capacity of one animal to detect (via its nervous system), analyze, and synthesize signal-stimuli given off by another animal. According to Kazhinskiy, the signals were transmitted in the form of a ‘bioradiational sight ray’ and analyzed by the percipient animal as a result of its Pavlovian conditioning. The term ‘bioradiational rays’ is still used by some Soviet and Czech parapsychologists to refer to focusing and concentration of biological energy by the brain and the optical neural channels.
If Kazhinskiv’s research into visual and aural perception was, and still is, considered valid, then it offers the possibility that the entire animal kingdom of our planet may somehow have the ability to utilize highly-advanced mental tools that, largely, elude human beings. The 1975 DIA paper then turns its attention to then-contemporary research undertaken by the Soviets: “Present day Soviet and Czech parapsychology research with animals is devoted almost exclusively to investigation of sources of biological energy involved in physiological processes, the interactions of such energy with external fields, and the effects of externally generated fields on animal physiology. Reference to telepathy in the sense of communications by transmission of total, conceptual, mental formulations is seldom made.”
Believing that they were on the verge of a major breakthrough, the Soviets channeled much of their effort into a project that was being undertaken at a major Russian university: “A significant advance toward identification of the EMR source of biological energy transfer was gained from recent research conducted at the University of Novosibirsk. Scientists there investigated the release of energy during cell division and during cellular damage and repair resulting from viral infection or toxic chemicals. In over 5000 experiments with cell cultures and animal organs it was shown that damaged cells radiated some form of energy and that the energy released was capable of causing damage in adjacent control preparations of organs or cells. Further investigation revealed that a uniform pattern, code, or rhythm of radiation was emitted by normal cells. This pattern was disturbed when cellular damage occurred, becoming quite irregular. It was also found that the patterns were transmitted from experimental to control preparations only when the cells or organs were cultured in quartz containers. Since quartz transmits ultraviolet (UV) radiation and standard laboratory glassware does not, the Soviets concluded that UV radiation mediated cellular information transfer. The researchers subsequently correlated given irregularities of emission with specific diseases and are now attempting to develop techniques for diagnosis and therapy by monitoring and altering cellular radiation codes.”
The DIA also learned that two decades of research undertaken in Czechoslovakia had led to some startling results pertaining to ‘energy transfer’ between biological tissue samples: “Czechoslovakian research on energy transfer between animal muscle preparations from animals to man, and from man to man, has also demonstrated EMR as the vehicle of biological energy transfer. In experiments conducted between 1948 and 1968 at the Okres Institute of Public Health, Kutna Hora, Czechoslovakia, Dr. Jiri Bradna demonstrated contactless transfer (myotransfer) of stimuli between frog neuromuscular preparations. Bradna placed identical preparations side by side; stimulation of one preparation with electric pulses at frequencies between 10 and 30 pulses per second caused contraction and a recorded electromyographic response in the other. In other experiments, stimulation of muscle preparations influenced the oscillations of a pendulum and increased the muscle tension of a human subject. Bradna obtained objective proof that energy in the very high frequency (vhf) range mediated the stimulus transmission. He also demonstrated that myotransfer could be blocked with ferrous metal filters and aluminum, could be deformed with magnets, ferrites and other conductors, could be reflected and transmitted over waveguides, and shielded with grids. Bradna concluded that primary perceptual and informational pathways between animals are based on metabolic processes at the macromolecular level and that the magnitude of energy transfer depends on muscular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) energy release.”
Of particular interest to the DIA was the research of Dr. Bradna that had a bearing on human behaviour and on the potential for altering or influencing that behavior: “Bradna has reported successful application of myotransfer in physiotherapy. It has been found to be effective for both individuals and groups. In the latter case, the summation of stimuli has been shown to enhance the neuromuscular responses of individuals within the group. Bradna feels that such stimuli influence the herd of animals and may also be a factor in altering human behavior under conditions of isolation or overcrowding.” It is quite clear from examining the now-declassified files of the DIA that Soviet scientists postulated numerous theories to try and explain extra-sensory perception and psychic phenomena in animals. According to the DIA, a Doctor Y.A. Kholodov had: “…investigated the effects of a constant magnetic field (CMF) on rabbits. Whole-body exposures to fields between 30 and 2000 oersteds resulted in nonspecific exchanges in the electroencephalogram but no other directly measurable physiological responses. Kholodov showed that weak magnetic as well as other externally generated radiation fields have a direct effect on nerve tissue, and for this reason he feels that natural and artificial fields in man’s environment may have an influence on health and behavior via the nervous system and the hypothalamus. Kholodov’s research is representative of current Soviet efforts to explain paranormal phenomena on the basis of known physical and biological parameters.”
Conversely, another Soviet scientist, A.S. Presman, felt that biological energy and information exchange between living organisms was the result of electromagnetic field (EMF) interactions between individuals or between the individual and the environment.: “Presman and other Soviet scientists have recorded EMF’s from man, frogs, and insects of various species at ranges from several centimeters to several meters from the body surface. The frequencies of the EMF’s were found to correspond to various biorhythms of organs, rhythms of movement and acoustic signals and bioelectric rhythms. Presman thinks that in groups of animals, electromagnetic oscillations are synchronized by frequency matching and that the cumulative intensity may grow in proportion to the square of the number of individuals. Such cumulative emission is also thought to be possible as the result of synchronization of the emissions of many cells in animals in a highly excited state. Presman, like Kholodov, feels that the effects of sub-threshold stimuli are mediated through the hypothalamic region of the midbrain. The hypothalamus regulates diverse physiological processes in the organism (pulse, body temperature, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide liberation, urine volume, urine nitrogen concentration, etc.) and these are the functions most commonly disturbed by changes in EMF’ s.
Presman also speculated on the reason for the apparent widespread telepathic abilities in animals versus the lack of such abilities in human beings: “Presman believes that electromagnetic signaling is universal between animals, but not between humans who may have lost the capability for such communication as a result of evolution and the development of verbal and artificial communication channels. He does not rule out the possibility that ‘spontaneous telepathy’ may occasionally occur, but regards such occurrences as rare cases of atavism. Consequently, he regards man as the least suitable animal for studying electromagnetic communication. The DIA also noted that, by 1975, Soviet research into ESP in animals had been modified and now encompassed a whole new range of disciplines and terminology: “It is important that the increased degree of sophistication which has occurred in Soviet ESP or telepathy research since 1960 be understood. At present the terms “ESP” and “telepathy” are seldom used. It is possible that the newer terms ‘biocommunication’ and ‘psychotronics’ will vanish in the near future only to be replaced by conventional high-energy physics terminology, or term such as ‘interpersonal subconscious reactions’ or ‘mention’ forces. In any event, the classical ESP experiments with animals are no longer of interest in the USSR. The typical Vasilev experimentation from 1920 to 1955 has been replaced with sophisticated research protocols which study complex interactions between man, animals and plants.”
Does such research still secretly go on in Russia? Maybe, that’s a question that, one day, will be answered.
Remember the stories just a few months ago about NASA allegedly finding aparallel universe over Antarctica where time appears to run backwards? Those stories originated with a frustrating fact that has baffled scientists at a loss for an answer – what are the strange subatomic particles known as neutrinos doing in Antarctica and where did they come from? As we suspected in reporting that seemingly unbelievable story, it wasn’t from a reverse parallel universe. However, the real place it appears they may have originated from is just as unbelievable – a supermassive black hole.
“Neutrinos are subatomic particles so tiny that their mass is nearly zero and they rarely interact with other matter. High-energy cosmic neutrinos are created by energetic cosmic-ray accelerators in the universe, which may be extreme astrophysical objects such as black holes and neutron stars.”
These neutrinos sound scary, Mom.
In a paper published in Physical Review Letters and explained in a fairly technical (at least for this writer’s pay-grade) press release from Penn State, assistant professor of physics, astronomy and astrophysics and research leader Kohta Murase starts by attempting to explain neutrinos and their idiosyncrasies. While they normally pass right through matter without any interactions, those generated by cosmic explosions are so full of energy that they defy the rules. High above Antarctica in a high-altitude helium balloon is the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) experiment which normally sees neutrinos coming from outer space, not Earth. When that happened, scientists threw out all kinds of possible reasons, including from a reverse parallel universe which threw a few back into space. For a better answer, Murase pulled a jazz-singer-to-rapper-like switch from ANITA to IceCube.
“Very recently, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory reported another excess of high-energy neutrinos in the direction of one of the brightest active galaxies, known as NGC 1068, in the northern sky.”
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a neutrino observatory consisting of thousands of sensors buried deep in the ice beneath the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station. IceCube has recently been picking up “an excess emission of neutrinos with energies below 100 teraelectron volt (TeV)” which is much lower than those seen by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The below 100 TeV level of energy and lack of gamma rays made it hard to find a matching level of neutrinos being emitted by a cosmic explosion, which would indicate that was their source. Something was blocking the gamma rays of these neutrinos. A new model revealed the answer.
“The new model suggests that the corona — the aura of superhot plasma that surrounds stars and other celestial bodies — around supermassive black holes found at the core of galaxies, could be such a source.”
“This corona is extremely hot (with a temperature of about one billion degrees kelvin), magnetized, and turbulent. In this environment, particles can be accelerated, which leads to particle collisions that would create neutrinos and gamma rays, but the environment is dense enough to prevent the escape of high-energy gamma rays.”
When the researchers looked for a similar signature, they found it coming from galaxy NGC 1068. A supermassive black hole in that galaxy is the source of the mysterious neutrinos in Antarctica. Mystery solved.
Or is it?
“This will make it possible to critically examine if these sources are responsible for the large flux of mid-energy level neutrinos observed by IceCube as our model predicts.”
“This” is next-generation neutrino detectors KM3Net in the Mediterranean Sea and IceCube-Gen2 in Antarctica – both currently in development.
Yes, we have bigger problems on Earth than helping trace the family trees of neutrinos, but science has a way of answering other problems besides those which experiments are designed for. Could neutrinos someday be the solution to our problems?
WETENSCHAP Terwijl wij enkele maanden lang van de winter, lente, zomer of herfst kunnen genieten, breekt op planeet KELT-9b ongeveer elke negen uur een nieuw seizoen aan. En dat nieuw seizoen is de winter of zomer, want meer seizoenen kent de planeet niet.
Wetenschappers van het Amerikaanse ruimtevaartagentschap NASA hebben de ster KELT-9 en zijn planeet KELT-9b drie jaar na de ontdekking ervan, wat beter onder de loep genomen met behulp van de TESS-satelliet. Dat leidde tot enkele verrassende inzichten. Zo is de planeet 1,8 keer groter dan Jupiter, de grootste planeet van ons zonnestelsel. En de planeet KELT-9b staat zo dicht bij zijn moederster – die overigens ook twee keer zo groot en twee keer zo warm is als de zon - dat deze slechts 36 uur nodig heeft om een rondje rond de ster te voltooien. De planeet doorloopt dus in anderhalve dag vier seizoenen: twee zomers en twee winters. Elk seizoen duurt dan ongeveer 9 uur.
Niet alleen de planeet draait in een recordtijd rondom de moederster, de moederster draait zelf ook nog eens razendsnel om de eigen as, maar liefst 38 keer sneller dan de zon. Dat resulteert in een enorm temperatuurverschil waarbij de temperaturen oplopen als de planeet over de polen (van de moederster) beweegt. Een beweging over de evenaar resulteert in lagere temperaturen en een winters seizoen.
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Obsolete – Why The Future Doesn’t Need Humans Anymore. Documentary By Truthstream Media. Great Video
Obsolete – Why The Future Doesn’t Need Humans Anymore. Documentary By Truthstream Media. Great Video
Obsolete – Why The Future Doesn’t Need Humans Anymore. Documentary By Truthstream Media
The Future Doesn’t Need Us… Or So We’ve Been Told. With the rise of technology and the real-time pressures of an online, global economy, humans will have to be very clever – and very careful – not to be left behind by the future. From the perspective of those in charge, human labor is losing its value, and people are becoming a liability.
This documentary reveals the real motivation behind the secretive effort to reduce the population and bring resource use into strict, centralized control. Could it be that the biggest threat we face isn’t just automation and robots destroying jobs, but the larger sense that humans could become obsolete altogether?
Beste bezoeker, Heb je zelf al ooit een vreemde waarneming gedaan, laat dit dan even weten via email aan Frederick Delaere opwww.ufomeldpunt.be. Deze onderzoekers behandelen jouw melding in volledige anonimiteit en met alle respect voor jouw privacy. Ze zijn kritisch, objectief maar open minded aangelegd en zullen jou steeds een verklaring geven voor jouw waarneming! DUS AARZEL NIET, ALS JE EEN ANTWOORD OP JOUW VRAGEN WENST, CONTACTEER FREDERICK. BIJ VOORBAAT DANK...
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
