Half Cloaked Craft Seen In Sky Over Kentucky, MUFON Report, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: July 8, 2020

Location of sighting: Richmond, Kentucky, USA

Source: MUFON #110009

 

Here is a really strange photo of a half cloaked craft over Kentucky this week. The object has one wing visible and the other 90% invisible. It looks like the person caught sight of it at the moment it raised or lowered its cloaking shields. The Eyewitness says its the size of a commercial airliner. Now thats huge. But when something flies that high, most people never bother looking on hot sunny days because its too bright in the sky and hurts their eyes. Nice capture and any craft with a cloaking device is 100% alien. 

Scott C. Waring 

Eyewitness states: 

Approx 8:40 pm my girlfriend (Myrna) and myself was swimming. We were about to get out of the pool when Myrna said "Look at the plane". When I observed the craft it had no visible wings and a large maroon arc shape object at the nose of the craft. The craft was about the same size as a commercial aircraft, and was flying west to east. I assume the craft was between 12,000 and 15,000 ft because of the low level clouds in the area. The craft made no sound as it passed over our heads. We observed the craft until it went behind a low level cloud, but did not exit the other side of the cloud.

{ https://www.etdatabase.com/ }

10-07-2020 om 23:45 geschreven door peter  

Planet 9? Or a Black Hole?

Remember hearing about Planet 9 a while back? That’s astronomer Mike Brown’s designation for a planet that he thinks is out there in the outer solar system. So far, it remains elusive, despite everybody’s best observational efforts. (Of course, we already have a planet 9, called Pluto, so to avoid confusion, it sometimes gets referred to as Planet X.)

So, why does Mike thinks he’s got gravitational evidence of a massive world somewhere out in the Kuiper Belt? Essentially, he has observed the changes in orbital motions of bodies “out there”, and imputes those changes to the gravitational effect of a planet hiding somewhere. If it exists as a planet (and not, say, a loosely-bound clump of large planetoids or something), then eventually someone should be able to catch a glimpse of it as it reflects light, or emits a little heat (since it would be warmer than surrounding space). But, so far, nobody’s seen this possible planet.

Black Holes in the Outer Solar System

What if it’s not a planet? What if it’s something massive, but not another world? Say, like a black hole? That’s the conjecture behind a new method that two astronomers at Harvard have devised. They suggest that a small, planet-mass black hole could also exert a gravitational tug on objects in the outer solar system, perturbing their orbits. The method, developed by Dr. Avi Loeb and graduate student Amir Siraj, suggests searching for emissions as the black hole swallows up material.

How would that work? Well, if there’s really a black hole out there, it’s probably continually accreting matter. Its “food” would come in the form of gas and dust from interplanetary space, and the breakup of bodies in the Oort Cloud or Kuiper Belt. That accretion action creates higher temperatures in the region around the black hole. Any frozen bodies, such as cometary nuclei, would start to melt as they passed by. Eventually, they’d be too weak to keep their structural integrity, and they’d break apart. Once that happens, their material swirls into the black hole. That process emits radiation.

Look for the Hungry Black Hole.

So, the idea is to search for flares of this radiation when “stuff” near the black hole is superheated in the accretion disk. It’s about the only way that a black hole gets “lit up”. Otherwise, it’s invisible to the eye. But, the radiation emitted from the accretion disk is detectable. And, if a hungry black hole is gobbling up comet nuclei bits and pieces, or material from rocky bodies that collide “out there”, then the flares from that feast would show up in our detectors.

So, Why Go After Planet 9?

So, why pick Planet 9 as a possible study subject for this method? For one thing, it’s relatively close by, as such things go. That makes it a good subject to try out the method before using it on more distant objects. Whatever it is has a measurable gravitational effect on bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune (that’s how Mike discovered it).

Interestingly, a black hole at the same distance would do the same thing. And, right now, nobody has detected any light or other radiation from a possible planetary body in the supposed “regime” where the suggested Planet 9 exists. But, Brown laid some groundwork for testing the idea, since he’s found “something” that remains unknown. Loeb has suggested that a grapefruit-sized black hole with a mass five or ten times that of Earth could have the same effect as a massive planetary body (or dwarf planet body) like the proposed Planet 9.

Modeling a Black Hole Instead of Planet 9

So far, this is all a theoretical model. And, it’s not the first time that astronomers have suggested the idea of Planet 9 as a black hole. There are a lot of riddles to solve.

For one thing, planet-mass black holes are a relatively new concept. Yet, astronomers study stellar-mass and supermassive black holes, as well as intermediate-mass ones. So, they can extrapolate some of what they know about the big black holes to understand planet-mass ones. As far as I know, none have actually been discovered, so that’s another problem to solve.

But, the idea of a black hole with a few times the mass of Earth affecting orbits of distant solar system objects is intriguing. And, it can be studied. The LSST telescope at the Vera Rubin Observatory in Chile covers large areas of the sky very quickly. The idea is to point it at a broad region where the supposed Planet 9/Black Hole candidate may exist. The large field of view of the VRO telescope would be very useful since nobody knows exactly where the object lies. it’s kind of like aiming at the broad side of a bar to look for a nail in one board.

The Outer Solar System as a Treasury

We all know that the Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud regions teem with remnants of solar system formation. There’s a storehouse out there of the ices that existed in our protosolar nebula. Now, they exist safe in the coldest regions of the planetary system, well away from the Sun. That makes those objects treasuries of material that predate the Sun and planets.

I think it would be pretty cool if those regions also harbored black holes. The smallest black holes (the micros and the minis) are largely thought to be theoretical. Finding a planet-mass black hole in our backyard would actually be a major discovery. It would be even cooler than a theoretical Pluto-killer planet that, so far, hasn’t been seen.

Want to know more? Check out this story from Harvard Center for Astrophysics and the Black Hole Institute for more details.

The post Planet 9? Or a Black Hole? appeared first on The Spacewriter’s Ramblings.

Source: 

• https://thespacewriter.com/wp/2020/07/09/planet-9-or-a-black-hole/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=planet-9-or-a-black-hole

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

10-07-2020 om 23:13 geschreven door peter  

Linda Moulton Howe: Army Whistleblower Hollow Earth Revelations, Huge Structures Under the Earth, COVID-19

TOPICS: 

June 2020 – AAAS Science Journal article on Ultra Low Velocity Zone frequencies

– huge structures at core-mantle boundary

– huge structure 621 mile in diameter

– huge structures under Africa

– “these are among the largest things inside the earth, and we have no idea”

COVID-19 Updates

– infected over 8.3 million people around the world

– total deaths at 450,452

Searching the skies

– scientists say the most likely number of alien civilizations is 36

– The Drake Equation calculates the estimate for the number of intelligent life civilizations

– New equation estimate between 4 and 211 civilization in the Milky Way alone.

Retired U.S. Army Whistleblowers Edward Keith Abbott interview

– “Other Worldly Communications” centre

– Space program in 2007

– “We went to Iraq to plunder artifacts”…”from other civilizations that came to earth and started the whole program”.

– “We are the fourth civilization on this earth.

– Spotted v-shaped craft over his house in Ewa, Hawaii.

– Craft chased by Blackhawk helicopters and it dove into the water.

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

10-07-2020 om 22:48 geschreven door peter  

Galactic Superwave...Something is Emanating From the Centre of the Universe

Interdisciplinary scientist Dr. Paul LaViolette shared his theories on such topics as galactic waves and pulsar communications. He believes there is evidence for a cycle of galactic superwaves that emanate from the center of galaxy and wreak cataclysmic earth changes when they arrive here. Such blasts of cosmic rays cause the sun to become more active and trigger climate change, earthquakes and mass extinctions, he said. Correlating this to the Hopi Prophecy of the Blue Star, which talks about the ending of a world, he noted that “when the galactic core erupts it would give off a bluish-white light.”

There is a 90% chance that a superwave could arrive in the next 300-400 years, said LaViolette, who related that every ancient culture or civilization has stories about this, such as the Great Flood. Further, he believes that an advanced race of galactic beings has been attempting to warn us of the superwaves using pulsars as their communication method. The pulsars do not appear to be natural and convey a geometrical message by pointing to locations of previous super novas, he said. Using neutron stars as their power source, the pulsars could also be employed as a guidance system for interstellar travel, he added.

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

10-07-2020 om 22:36 geschreven door peter  

VIDEO: UFO activity over Puerto Ordaz, Venezuela 9-Jul-2020

Strange lights were filmed in the night sky above Puerto Ordaz in Venezuela. This happened on 9th July 2020.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

10-07-2020 om 21:53 geschreven door peter  

International Space Station captured a fleet of hundreds of UFOs heading towards Earth

If you are one of those who are curious by nature, NASA has a YouTube channel full of interesting videos, and among them is a live broadcast of the International Space Station (ISS). Recently, the ISS was moving at an undetermined location on Earth, and International Space Station captured a fleet of hundreds of UFOs

Gorden McKenna was the one who detected these anomalies in space and posted a video on April 2 that showed the ufos moving towards the earth

“Fleet (hundreds) of UFOs pass through the ISS,” says the video description.

As McKenna himself explained, he was watching the space station’s camera live when he observed the presence of strange objects moving towards earth. At first he thought they might be satellites or meteorites, but their speed increased, and after a few minutes they disappeared without a trace.

And as expected, the video has caused all kinds of reactions on social networks. There were many who thought that it could be a top-secret fleet of alien technology ships from the United States Air Force, more specifically the Space Force. 

Recall that, in late 2019, Donald Trump described space as the “newest domain in the world to fight a war . ” The Space Force must help deter aggression and control the “highest advantage position.”

The intention of this new military branch is to protect US facilities. in space, like satellites that are used for communication and surveillance. The Space Force will build on the work of the existing US Space Command. (SpaceCom), which was created in August to manage US military operations. in the space.

But skeptics offered other explanations. They said it appears to correspond to Earth, with thunderstorms at first and also city lights. Others suggested that it could be meteorites, and even Starlink satellites, sent by Elon Musk’s SpaceX since its launch in 2018 that have caused many people to mistake them for UFO sightings.

Although there is another possibility. the current coronavirus pandemic will be the beginning of an extraterrestrial invasion. It would all start with a virus that simply eradicates a large part of the planet’s population and reduces any possibility of defense. Then it would be a war between weakened humans and aliens.

Today the coronavirus pandemic is completely uncontrolled. The death toll exceeds 60,000 and there are more than 1 million positive cases in the world. The truth is that more and more people are convinced that the coronavirus pandemic hides something much more sinister, and with the population in mandatory confinement in their homes, this would be the ideal time to start the alien invasion.

What do you think about the video of the ISS? Do you think this is a UFO fleet approaching Earth? Is it the beginning of an alien invasion?

{ https://infinityexplorers.com/ }

10-07-2020 om 01:29 geschreven door peter  

The Book of Enoch, its descriptions of space travel and other celestial dimensions

The Book of Enoch narrates Enoch’s travels off Earth, supernatural and heavenly places inaccessible to other human beings!

The impressive and fantastic Book of Enoch is one of the most important ancient texts , unfortunately it was excluded from the Bible .

In this writing, the patriarch and antediluvian prophet Enoch made supernatural trips, managing to fly over the Earth, the celestial bodies and reaching the dimension of the Heavens.

The Book of Enoch was almost introduced into the Bible but was rejected as “apocryphal. ” However, Enoch is a respected patriarch and is mentioned several times by other Biblical and Christian authors.

 He was the great-grandfather of Noah and the father of Methuselah .

The holy book says that Enoch passed the texts on to Noah, so he likely took them with him on the Ark during the Universal Flood (an antediluvian writing?).

The first section of the book narrates the fall of the Watchers, the angels who had sex with human women, and fathered the Nephilim. Then Enoch’s ascension into the dimension of Heaven is described, with the aim of interceding before God (for the Watchers).

Enoch’s space journey to Heaven as described in the Book of Enoch

The first ascent appears from chapter 17 to 36. 

The prophet made the journey with the help of other Watcher angels. 

He was “elevated” with mysterious forces that included natural elements: clouds, winds, lightning, and shooting stars.

Heaven was formed with gigantic glass or ice houses surrounded by fire . 

The visions are amazing and scary, the sky is extreme! With materials as different as ice and fire in harmony. 

Also, it is noted that this celestial dimension had a lot of energy, with its movement of lightning and shooting stars.

Enoch finds a house or dwelling made entirely of fire. In it, a high throne is seated , made of a material that looked like ice or crystal and surrounded by a shining star and fire:

20 The Great Glory was based on the throne and his dress looked brighter than the sun and whiter than any snow; 21 no angel could enter to see his face due to the magnificent Glory and no flesh being could look at him. – Book of Enoch, chapter 14 ».

This is the vision of God !

Tour in unknown places on Earth (and outside it)

Enoch traveled the surroundings of the Earth with the help of the angel Uriel, where he saw the place where the stars are “kept” during the day and where the rain and snow are kept.

 In addition, he speoke of a mysterious force in the form of wind, around the Earth and other stars :

1 I saw the treasures of the winds and I saw that with them He has adorned all creation and the foundations of the earth; 2 and I also saw the cornerstone of the earth and the four winds that support the Earth and the firmament; 3 I saw how the winds extend the veil of heaven above and how they have their place between heaven and earth: they are the columns of heaven; 4 I saw the winds that rotate and drive through the orbits of the sun and the stars in their rooms. – Book of Enoch, chapter 18.

He’s talking about the orbits of the stars!

In chapters 21-27 the Abyss is visited, a fearful place with columns of divine fire . Uriel explains that the Fallen Angels who introduced the sin of human sacrifice to demons will be locked in that abyss.

It should be noted that there are other books attributed to Enoch. In the so-called Book 3 other detailed surreal journey of Enoch to heaven and where the prophet grows into the archangel Metatron !.

The information presented by the Book of Enoch is extensive and important. 

His visions of the heavenly dimensions are significant and amazing. 

According to the Hebrew Bible, the Heavens, the dimension of the god Yahweh, cannot be accessed by human beings . 

Enoch was an exception (before Jesus) and that makes him a very special prophet .

{ https://infinityexplorers.com/ }

10-07-2020 om 01:17 geschreven door peter  

Famous Jurassic Park dinosaur the Dilophosaurus 'was bigger and more powerful' than the 1993 film shows - but it couldn't spit venom, new fossils reveal

• Researchers examined five fossil records to better understand Dilophosaurus 
• The dinosaur was first discovered 80 years ago but was very poorly understood
• It is a 'pop culture' dinosaur having featured heavily in 1993 movie Jurassic Park
• However, the depiction in Jurassic Park is 'nothing like' the real Dilophosaurus

RYAN MORRISON FOR MAILONLINE 

Dilophosaurus, a dinosaur made famous by Jurassic Park that lived 183 million years ago, was 'bigger and more powerful' than the movie made it appear, study shows. 

Researchers from the University of Texas studied Dilophosaurus fossils to better understand this 'pop culture dinosaur' and paint a true picture of its size.

In Jurassic Park the beast was depicted as a small lizard-like, venom-spitting dinosaur with a rattling frill around its neck and two paddle-like crests on its head.

Until now very little was actually known about the actual Dilophosaurus, giving filmmakers and storytellers more licence to 'use their imagination'. 

The Texas team discovered that Dilophosaurus was far from the 'small lizard' seen in Jurassic park, it was the largest land animal of its time, reaching up to 20ft. 

Hollywood made the Dilophosaurus famous, depicting it as almost adorable little creature with a hidden, deadly twist. But a new study shows that it was a lot bigger and more powerful than scientists, or movie makers, previously thought

This is the depiction of Dilophosaurus as seen in the 1993 Steven Spielberg movie Jurassic Park but it has been proved to be wrong, including the bright thrills around its neck

Dilophosaurus lived 183 million years ago during the Early Jurassic and 'had a lot in common' with modern birds, including air sacks in its bones.

'It's pretty much the best, worst-known dinosaur,' said lead author Adam Marsh. 'Until this study, nobody knew what Dilophosaurus looked like or how it evolved.'

Seeking answers to these questions, Marsh conducted an analysis of the five most-complete Dilophosaurus specimens so far discovered around the world. 

The analysis is co-authored by Timothy Rowe from the University of Texas, who discovered two of the five Dilophosaurus specimens that were studied by Marsh.

The study adds clarity to a muddled record dating back to the first Dilophosaurus fossil to be discovered - that specimen set the standard for future discoveries. 

That fossil was rebuilt with plaster, but the 1954 paper describing the find isn't clear about what was reconstructed or the decisions made in the reconstruction. 

Scientists have found evidence that the Dilophosaurus' skull served as scaffolding for powerful jaw muscles, shattering the image of the dinosaur as more fragile and svelte that has been promoted in scientific literature and popular culture

Peter Makovicky, a palaeontologist from the University of Minnesota not involved in the study, said this made discovering the true nature of the dinosaur difficult. 

Early descriptions characterise the dinosaur as having a fragile crest and weak jaws, a description that influenced the depiction of Dilophosaurus in the 'Jurassic Park' book and movie as a svelte dinosaur that subdued its prey with venom.

In the movie the dinosaur is also shown as being able to reveal a rattling neck frill when confronting prey.

Marsh found no evidence for the rattling frill around its neck or signs of venom, adding that they were purely constructs of the Jurassic Park book and movie.  

Marsh spent seven years looking at the three most complete Dilophosaurus skeletons and other more recently discovered remains to pain an accurate picture.

His evidence suggests the dinosaur was almost the opposite of what Jurassic Park showed - with jawbones serving as scaffolding for powerful muscles and signs the creature was a giant beast, reaching up to 20ft in length.

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It would have been about half the size of a fully grown T. Rex and weighed up to three quarters of a ton - so it could have taken on very large prey.

'Dilophosaurus is clearly built for being a big macropredator,' Marsh told National Geographic. 'It's a large-bodied animal that was built for eating other animals.' 

He also found that some bones were mottled with air pockets, which would have helped reinforce the skeleton, including its dual crest.

'They're kind of like bubble wrap - the bone is protected and strengthened,' he said.

These air sacs are not unique to Dilophosaurus, it is something they have in common with modern birds and the world's most massive dinosaurs.

In both cases, the air sacs lighten the load, which helped big dinosaurs manage their bulky bodies and also allow birds take to the skies.

Many birds use the air sacs to perform other functions, from inflating stretchy areas of skin during mating rituals, to creating booming calls and dispersing heat. 

The intricate array of air pockets and ducts that extend from Dilophosaurus' sinus cavity into its crests means that the dinosaur may have been able to perform similar feats with its headgear. 

That headgear is one feature Jurassic Park did get right, according to Marsh. He said it did have a double crest across the top of its snout that was a 'display feature'.

The right hind leg of Dilophosaurus. The dinosaur lived 183 million years ago during the Early Jurassic and 'had a lot in common' with modern birds, including air sacks in its bones

'It has those two thin bony crests running along the top of its skull, basically from the nostril and back over the eye socket,' Makovicky told National Geographic. 

To learn more about how the fossils compared with one another, Marsh recorded hundreds of anatomical characteristics of each fossil. 

He then used an algorithm to see how the specimens compared with the first fossil - which confirmed that they were indeed all Dilophosaurus.

The algorithm also revealed that there's a significant evolutionary gap between Dilophosaurus and its closest dinosaur relatives, which indicates there are probably many other relatives yet to be discovered.

The revised Dilophosaurus record will help paleontologists better identify specimens going forward and Marsh said that the research is already being put into action. 

In the midst of his analysis, he discovered that a small braincase in the Jackson School's collections belonged to a Dilophosaurus.

'We realized that it wasn't a new type of dinosaur, but a juvenile Dilophosaurus, which is really cool,' Marsh said. 

The findings were published in the Journal of Paleontology. 

Animation shows how a dinosaur track is made relating to feet moving

Read more:

• A comprehensive anatomical and phylogenetic evaluation of Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda) with descriptions of new specimens from the Kayenta Formation of northern Arizona | Journal of Paleontology | Cambridge Core
• www.nationalgeog...

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

10-07-2020 om 00:38 geschreven door peter  

It’s crop circle season and that usually means the next story originates somewhere in the UK where the majority of them occur. That’s not the case with three recent circles which appeared in France, Poland and Hungary. British crop circle stories generally focus on their intricate designs which cause many to believe they could not be human made. That’s not the case with one of the three recent circles which appeared in France, Poland and Hungary. However, it doesn’t appear to be aliens either. In fact, this simple crop circle is being linked to an unusual yet natural phenomena … one that Russians claim they have proof to be the cause of many of them.

Crop Circle Connector, an excellent source of photographs and information, says that the crop circle (photos here), which was reported on July 5th in an unnamed field in Vimy in the Pas-de-Calais department in far north France, an area more known for mining than farms or crop circles. Another Templar-style cross appeared within a Crop Circle that manifested itself in the wheat fields, and this time, in France, the home of the Order of the Templars (in fact the cross is very similar to that of Malta , of that derivative). The website segnidalcielo.com points out its resemblance to the cross of the Knights Templar, the Malta or Iron Cross or the cross of the Anunnaki and it appeared on night of the rare penumbral lunar eclipse (June 4). Throw in its similarity to the X in Planet X and you’ve got what’s moist likely the makings of circle made by humans looking to confuse.

Vimy, Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France. Reported 5th July

The crop circle reported in Orchów, Poland, on July 3rd is unusual because of its size (“one hundred and several dozen meters” or around 160 feet) and the fact that it looks incomplete (photo here). A closer inspection convinced the UFO organization posting it that it was manmade.

That brings us to the crop circle in Hungary. This one was reported on July 3rd to the Nagykanzsa Online website by engineer and self-described UFO researcher László Tóth (photos here). Located between Kiskanizsa and Bajcsa in eastern Poland near the Croatian border, Tóth went to inspect it with a news crew (video here) and decided it wasn’t made by a human nor a ufo/aliens nor something paranormal like “footprint of the devil’s hoof” (must be some Polish legend). Instead, he claims it was made by lightning … and not a bolt or a ball from a cloud.

“The other is when billions of charges start from the ground. It happens so fast that it cannot be seen with the naked eye. So there is a lightning that strikes from above and there is one that strikes from the bottom up. In this case – we were taught – if it taps from the bottom up – my thumb shows the direction of the current – the electromagnetic field will wrap to the left. So it is counterclockwise.”

That could explain why the circle has no design and no burn marks. Before you scoff (at least put your mask on first), the lightning theory is supported by various Russian scientists. In a 2010 article in The National, physicists from the Joint Institute of High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences suggest vortices formed in unstable air can create the circles and swirls seen in crops, and ball lightning is their likely suspect. In 2005, UPI reported that a different group of Russian researchers demonstrated how microwaves bent cereal stalks and used an artificial lightning device to bend grass into clockwise circles.

Tóth seems to be the only one touting lightning from the ground as the cause of crop circles … so far. It’s the kind of solution that satisfies those who want to believe they’re not human made but don’t believe it’s aliens.

Personally, this writer would like to hear some more about the “footprint of the devil’s hoof” kind.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

09-07-2020 om 23:53 geschreven door peter  

Antarctica Strange Pattern Appears Near Runway by Remote Base - Disclosure Event Coming Soon!

Antarctica Strange Pattern Appears Near Runway By Remote Base – Disclosure Event Coming Soon!

Google Earth Pro 2020 Hi Resolution Imagery!!!
The Array~ 75°50’52.30″S  69°21’16.40″W
The Pattern~  74°51’22.87″S  71°33’54.65″W
Cable Structure~  72° 2’5.31″S  24°56’2.85″E

I’ve been following you for a long time now. I love your Antartica stuff and how you make connections to present day shows or movies that seem to be talking about Antartica. It is all right in front of our faces, and and what we think is fiction, is possibly reality. That’s the exciting part for me. I have always felt like there is so much more for us to discover about ourselves. About this world. About earths real history. Keep doing what you do, Awesome stuff! Wise Chicano

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/ }

09-07-2020 om 23:18 geschreven door peter  

Mysterious Tiny UFO Lands And Takes Off From Chicken Coop, Raw Footage, Michigan July 1, 2020, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: July 1, 2020 1:44 AM

Location of sighting: Michigan, USA

 

A strange craft was flying past a chicken coop in Michigan and got caught on security cam footage. The UFO is about 1 foot across and looks like a drone, but aliens also have UFOs of the same size, so its possible it could go both ways. To me its defiantly a UFO because the object is checking out a chicken coop at 1:44 AM. Who would do that other than an alien? And the fact that it was landed in the grass...no drone operator would risk getting a drone stuck in the tall dry grass and loosing it. That makes me know this is 100% alien in origin. 

Scott C. Waring - Taiwan

 

Eyewitness states: 

Often people get scared and remove their video on Youtube due to fear of reprisal from government agencies...so I will include a copy of it below for my site. Since they have only 1 video on their channel, the chance they will delete it is over 85%. SCW

{ https://www.etdatabase.com/ }

09-07-2020 om 22:44 geschreven door peter  

Alien-Like Animal On Tiktok Is A Head Scratcher, Watch And See, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: July 2020
Location of sighting: unknown
Source: Tiktok

A Tiktok user going by the name StinkeyEyescrappy has posted a short video of a very strange looking lizard. The video hit 2.7 million views already and is shocking those who watch it. The lizard has extremely long legs and bumpy skin. The person who recorded the video states, "Hopefully someone can help me figure out what this little creature is."

Now I am a bit worried because Tiktok is over run by people making fake videos to get views, but watching this video below is a head scratcher. The video is in high detail and shows what looks like a small black reptile clinging to rocks with exceptionally long legs, making them appear as arms. The lizard seems to be basking in the sun with its eyes closed. 

I thought this was a toy, but toys don't have closed eyes. So this one detail leads me to believe this strange creature may be real. Also there have been reports of aliens as small as 4 inches tall in the past from the Apollo 20 mission when I spoke to astronaut William Rutledge when he was still active on Youtube before his account was hacked by the NSA and deleted. Also the woman figure on Mars is just 4-6 inches tall, probably made life size, so yes, size means nothing...all sizes of aliens exist big...and small. 

Still, this little guy is cute, wish I was there, I would have tried to catch the little fella to get a closer look, then release it again. Its the closed eyes...no toy would have that. Its real. 
Scott C. Waring 

@stinkeyescrappyHopefully someone can help me figure out what this little creature is##alien##fyp
♬ Ameno hatsune miku - clod_boie

@stinkeyescrappy

Hopefully someone can help me figure out what this little creature is #alien #fyp

Ameno hatsune miku - clod_boie

Ontdek meer op TikTok

{ https://www.etdatabase.com/ }

09-07-2020 om 22:28 geschreven door peter  

It is not the first time that commerial aircraft are hit by unknown objects during flights at high altitude. The latest mysterious incident happened a few days ago when a Delta flight 1076 from West Palm Beach to LGA diverted to JFK on July 6, 2020 after it was hit by an unknown object with such a force that it damaged the nose cone of the plane. 43 passengers were aboard. The flight landed safely and without incident.

Images: Credit 

https://twitter.com/AaronKatersky/status/1280462283962036225

The airline initially said the damage was the result of a bird strike, but later they determined that it was a hail storm that struck the plane which caused the damage on the nose cone.

Now, If you compare the windscreen of Delta flight 1076 with another aircraft that has experienced a similar accident before, then you see that the windscreen of Delta flight 1076 is not damaged while the other plane's windscreen is completely shattered by hail.

So, if it was really a hailstorm then, besides the damaged nose cone, the windshield of Delta flight 1076 should also be shattered and that is not the case. 

A bird? Well, it must have been a very large one to cause such a damage to the plane.

In short, it is not clear what hit the plane, but could it have been a UFO or UAP, for example something like a "fastwalker"?

Other video, selected by peter2011

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

09-07-2020 om 22:07 geschreven door peter  

US Navy Pilot is Convinced He Encountered Out of this World UFO

An ex-Navy pilot who once connected to an American military programme that investigates unidentified flying objects (UFOs) recalled an event where he spotted a mysterious object in the sky.

It was in 2004 when the incident took place wherein commander David Fravor was flying above the Pacific Ocean off the San Diego coast along with his partner Commander Jim Slaight.

The duo was performing a routine training operation when the radio operator contacted them to inform that the military had been observing a UFO in the area for around two weeks. The object had outlandish behaviour, which had piqued their interest. It descended thousands of feet, hovered over the ocean, and blinked in and out of their scope of view.

The radio operator instructed Fravor and Slaight to investigate. The two pilots then approached the coordinates in F/A-18F Super Hornet fighter jets.

Their radar hadn’t picked up anything, and they didn’t pick up on any objects at first, but Commander Fravor eventually noticed something as he looked down at sea. Fravor spotted something hovering on the surface of the sea, causing the water to froth as if it were boiling.

A closer look, Fravor realized that it was an aircraft but not similar to what he had seen before. Fravor described it as a whitish colour, 40 feet long and ovular in shape.

Fravor decided to descend towards the object, which came up to meet him but sharply veering off.

According to Fravor, in an interview in 2017, the strange aircraft came close to his aircraft once more while heading to a military rendezvous point before vanishing.

Fravor’s account is supported by a recorded video he took that shows a UFO moving from side to side floating on the surface of the ocean. 

The former pilot believes the object was not from this world as he had seen virtually everything of his 18 years of flying but nothing close to the strange one he had witnessed.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

09-07-2020 om 21:12 geschreven door peter  

Latest crop circle reports: Hungary, France, UK

July 2; Kiskanizsa near Bajcsa, Hungary

July 5; Vimy, Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France

July 7; Stanton St Bernard near Alton Barnes, Wiltshire, UK

Don’t forget to follow us on Twitter for the latest UFO videos & photos.

Link: twitter.com/LatestUFOs

Other videos with crop circles, selected by peter2011

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

09-07-2020 om 21:03 geschreven door peter  

Mysterious 'Fermi Bubbles' may be the result of black hole indigestion 6 million years ago

The gargantuan Fermi Bubbles are only visible in gamma-ray light. Where did they come from?

(Image: © NASA Goddard)

Using several computer simulations, the researchers showed that both the Fermi Bubbles and the nearby X-ray structures could have been formed in one fell swoop by a massive shock wave blasting out of the galaxy's central black hole, also known as Sagittarius A* (or Sgr A*). This shock wave may have begun when the black hole suddenly loosed two enormous jets of ionized matter, flying in opposite directions away from the galactic center at near light-speed. (Astronomers have observed jets like this blasting out of galaxies with big black holes before, though they still aren't sure why it happens.)

If the jets were wide enough and powerful enough, the researchers wrote, they could have created twin shock waves that blasted through the hot gas on either side of the galactic center. Where the shock waves compressed and heated the gas, the hourglass-shaped X-ray structures formed; the edges of the shock waves, expanding into intergalactic space for thousands of light-years in either direction, formed the Fermi Bubbles. The whole process would have lasted about a million years, the team wrote.

"A forward shock is generated as soon as the jet punches through the ambient halo gas," the researchers wrote in the study. "[After] 1 million years, the jet is switched off. ... After [5 million years], the bubble expands to its current size as observed."

According to the researchers, the shock-wave hypothesis explains several features of the galactic center, including the extremely high temperatures of the Fermi Bubbles and the fact that the bottom edges of the Bubbles overlap perfectly with the X-ray structures. If a similar, less powerful shock-wave event occurred a few million years later, it could also explain the smaller, bubble-shaped radio structures recently observed at the galactic center, the team added. In other words: These three big, invisible puzzle pieces at the center of the galaxy may fit together much better than scientists previously thought.

• The 12 strangest objects in the universe
• 9 Ideas about black holes that will blow your mind
• 15 Unforgettable images of stars

Originally published on Live Science.

{ https://www.space.com/ }

09-07-2020 om 01:32 geschreven door peter  

A long-exposure photograph of the Milky Way overlaid by the Drake equation: an equation developed by Frank Drake in 1961 for estimating the number of extraterrestrial civilizations in the galaxy.

Image via Medium.com.

Are we alone in our galaxy? If not, how many other civilizations might there be? And … where are they? In 1961, astronomer Frank Drake created what’s now known as the Drake Equation – shown above – a tool for discussing the question of alien life. Now two scientists have incorporated the Drake Equation into a new system called the Alien Civilization Calculator. In addition to the Drake Equation, the new calculator also employs a new method called the Astrobiological Copernican Limits, to find the number of advanced civilizations we might be able to communicate with in the future. Like the Drake Equation itself, the new calculator is a tool for thinking and discussing. It’s an aid for contemplating how many advanced alien civilizations there might be – theoretically speaking – in our own galaxy. Using the calculator, you can compare outcomes using the Drake Equation and the Astrobiological Copernican Limits. And you can adjust the input values, to how different factors might affect the number of alien civilizations in our Milky Way galaxy, and how close the nearest ones might be.

The scientists who created the Alien Civilization Calculator are with Omni Calculator – which has many different types of calculators under one roof (1,197 according to the website) – and which, Omni Calculator says, makes it:

… super simple for anyone to solve their day-to-day calculations and math problems with ease in no time.

So … a super simple answer to the question of alien life? Let’s see.

A young Frank Drake. Drake, an astronomer, has been a leader in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence since the 1960s when he implemented Project Ozma to search for radio signals from advanced extraterrestrial civilizations. He developed the Drake equation. And he created the Arecibo Message, a 1974 interstellar radio message from Earth to the globular star cluster M13, carrying encoded information about Earth and its humans. µ

Image via Spaceflight Now.

The inspiration for the calculator came from recent news about the Astrobiological Copernican Limits method, a new method for looking at the possibilities for alien life, based on a study by Tom Westby and Christopher J. Conselice. That study reached the conclusion that there should be at least 36 worlds with advanced alien societies in our galaxy. The peer-reviewed paper was published on April 8, 2020, in The Astrophysical Journal. The study estimated that the nearest civilization would probably be about 17,000 light-years away, so not all that close.

This gave Steve Wooding and Dominik Czernia at Omni Calculator the idea to create a new calculator, combining the Astrobiological Copernican Limits method with the Drake Equation. The two approaches are rather different, so using and comparing both of them was a unique and novel way to try to find possible solutions to what scientists called the Fermi Paradox. That paradox is based on physicist Enrico Fermi’s famous pondering about an apparent contradiction. That is, the Drake equation suggests there should be many, many extraterrestrial civilizations. Yet, all rumors to the contrary aside, there’s been no hard and fast evidence for these civilizations that we all can see and agree upon. Fermi famously asked:

Where are they?

Enrico Fermi (1901-1954) was an Italian-American physicist, who received a 1938 Nobel Prize in physics for his work in nuclear physics. He famously asked, “Where are they?”

Image via Wikimedia Commons.

Using the calculator is quite simple. First, you select which method you want to use, and then fill in all the fields in the Milky Way assumptions section. The result gives you an estimate of the number of civilizations in the galaxy, depending on the variables that you input, such as star formation rate, number of stars with planets, etc. It will also tell you how far away the closest of those civilizations should be. You can create many different combinations of variables to test your ideas out with. There’s even a space travel calculator to find out how long it would take to travel to these other worlds by rocket!

So how do the two methods compare?

The first, the Drake Equation, is a rather simple formula, and was developed by astronomer Frank Drake, who is also the father of modern SETI, the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence. The formula looks like this:

N = R* x fp x ne x fl x fs x ft x L

N stands for the number of detectable civilizations. The other variables are as follows:

R* is the average rate of star formation in our galaxy. By observing our galaxy and all nearby galaxies, we know it’s about 2.3 per year;
fp is the percentage of stars that have at least one planet. Scientists agree that almost every star has a planet, therefore fp ? 100%;
ne is the average number of hospitable planets per star. Thanks to the Kepler space mission, we know that each star in the galaxy has, on average, four Earth-sized planets;
fl is the percentage of those planets where life actually emerges;
fs is the percentage of those planets where life evolves into intelligent beings;
ft is the percentage of those planets with intelligent creatures capable of interstellar communication; and
L is the lifetime a civilization remains detectable for.

Perhaps the world’s ongoing effort to search for extraterrestrial life operates under the auspice’s of Yuri Milner’s project called Breakthrough Listen. Here is the Green Bank Telescope in West Virginia, one of the telescopes used by Breakthrough Listen for SETI. This is an artist’s concept of a signal from a Fast Radio Burst – or FRB – detected by the telescope. FRBs are one of the sorts of objects on the new Breakthrough Listen Exotica list, which some hope will help guide the search for ET.

Image via UC Berkeley.

The first three are now well-known or fairly well-known at this point, but the remaining three are not. This of course makes it difficult still to come to any solid conclusions. But the Drake Equation is what has been used by astronomers for decades now, to try to come to at least some kind of understanding of how common, or rare, intelligent life might be.

That’s where the second method, the Astrobiological Copernican Limits, comes into play. Westby and Conselice developed it in April 2020 as a more modern form of the Drake Equation. The parameters are different from the Drake Equation, and based on the assumption that any habitable, Earth-like planet, presumably near in size to the Earth, with a similar composition, atmosphere and water, would eventually host life. That may sound like a big assumption to make, and it is. This method is also based on the one example we have so far of a communicating, intelligent civilization, our own. The paper has generated a lot of discussion, including criticism from some fellow scientists. For example, Caleb Scharf, Director of Astrobiology at Columbia University, wrote on Twitter:

From the paper:

We present a cosmic perspective on the search for life and examine the likely number of Communicating Extra-Terrestrial Intelligent civilizations (CETI) in our galaxy by utilizing the latest astrophysical information. Our calculation involves Galactic star-formation histories, metallicity distributions, and the likelihood of stars hosting Earth-like planets in habitable zones, under specific assumptions which we describe as the Astrobiological Copernican Weak and Strong conditions. These assumptions are based on the one situation in which intelligent, communicative life is known to exist, on our own planet.

For the purposes of the calculator, the premise is that an Earth-like planet could only support intelligent life when it is five billion years old or older. This is based on the knowledge that Earth is about five billion years old, and humanity has only appeared within the last three million years or so, as currently understood. The equation for this method looks like this:

N = N* x fL x fHZ x fM x (L/?’)

Giant artificial constructions in space, such as this hypothetical type of Dyson sphere, are one kind of possible technosignature.

Image via CapnHack.

Again, N stands for the number of intelligent, and communicable, civilizations. But now the variables are as such:

N* is the total number of stars within the galaxy;
fL is the percentage of those stars which are at least 5 billion years old;
fHZ is the percentage of those stars which host a suitable planet for supporting life;
fM is the percentage of those stars for which there is a sufficient amount of metal resources allowing the formation of advanced biology and a communicable civilization;
L is the average lifetime of an advanced, communicable civilization; and
?’ is the average amount of time available for life to develop on a planet, or, in other words, ?’ is the time in which life could exist.

For this model, users can also choose between strong, moderate or weak values in regards to how strict conditions are for intelligent life to appear and evolve. Strong = only a few stars with planets able to host such life, while weak = many such stars.

The maximum distance results from both methods can be used to calculate how many civilizations might be nearby. As might be expected, the farther out you go, the greater the chances of a habitable planet having intelligent life. This is based on the volume of space involved and simple statistics. For example, according to the calculator, there is only a one in 3 billion chance of the nearest star, the Alpha Centauri system, having a planet with intelligent life. But the farther out you go, the greater the odds.

As discussed in EarthSky recently, we are also now getting a better idea of where to search for evidence of advanced alien civilizations. The new Exotica Catalog, aka The Breakthrough Listen Exotic Target Catalog, from Breakthrough Listen, currently lists over 700 objects and phenomena of interest in the universe that might be good places to look. The catalog lists “one of everything” in the known universe that might be a good target for study and observations.

Steven Wooding and Dominik Czernia of Omni Calculator, who created the Alien Civilization Calculator.

Image via Omni Calculator.

The catalog will help guide the search efforts of those looking for evidence of intelligent life, in particular by searching for technosignatures – artifacts or phenomena produced by a highly advanced intelligent species – that could be detected by telescopes. Modern SETI, the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, is now finally starting to move beyond just looking for alien radio signals. Technosignatures could include many different possibilities, like Dyson spheres built around stars or other huge artificial constructions, lasers or other more exotic communications like Fast Radio Bursts, evidence of industrial pollution on a planet, etc.

The Alien Civilization Calculator is useful in trying to determine how many civilizations might exist in our galaxy, albeit based on many variables, and how close by some of them might be. Projects like the Exotic Catalog and Breakthrough Listen/ SETI will help to narrow down more specific locations and actual detected candidates. This kind of multi-pronged approach is what is needed, even if it still takes a long time to actually find something … or someone.

The famous Drake Equation in illustrative form, depicting the different variables involved. The new calculator combines this formula with the new Astrobiological Copernican Limits method.

Image via SETI Institute/ Enter the Realm of Guy Erma.

• Bottom line: The new Alien Civilization Calculator combines two different methods of calculating how many advanced alien civilizations may exist in our galaxy.
• Via Alien Civilization Calculator

{ https://earthsky.org/ }

09-07-2020 om 00:59 geschreven door peter  

The dwarf planet’s hot birth may have created a warm internal ocean, and where there’s warm water, there might be life.

Pluto, with its basin Sputnik Planitia on the right. 

Image via NASA/ Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/ Southwest Research Institute/ Alex Parker.

By David Rothery, The Open University

Pluto, along with many other dwarf planets in the outer solar system, is often thought of as dark, icy and barren – with a surface temperature of just -382 degrees Fahrenheit (-230 degrees Celsius). But now a new study, published in Nature Geoscience, suggests that the body has had a warm interior ever since it formed, and may still have a liquid, internal ocean under its icy crust.

It could mean that other sizable icy dwarf planets may have had early internal oceans too, with some possibly persisting today. This is exciting, as where there’s warm water, there could be life.

Near-sunset view of Pluto’s rugged, icy mountains and flat plains.

Image via NASA/ Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/ Southwest Research Institute.

As soon as NASA’s New Horizons probe began to send back its haul of pictures and other data from its 2016 flyby of Pluto, it became clear that this is one of the most interesting worlds ever seen. Beneath its haze-layered atmosphere is a frigid, cratered surface of impure water-ice and one major impact basin (Sputnik Planitia) that has been flooded by frozen nitrogen.

The water-ice crust is cut by numerous fractures, all of which appear to be the result of stretching of the surface. Those cracks in the ice provided the first hints that there might be liquid water flowing underneath, in the form of an internal ocean between the icy shell and rocky core. More evidence soon emerged in favor of this, such as hints that the icy shell has been able to re-orient itself, gliding over an essentially frictionless (hence liquid) interior.

Artist’s concept of Pluto’s interior. An ocean of liquid water lies between the icy crust and rocky core.

Image via Pam Engebretson/ Physics Org/ The Conversation.

If it does have an internal ocean, Pluto is far from unique. Evidence for present-day oceans inside icy moons such as Jupiter’s Europa, and Saturn’s Titan and Enceladus is so strong that few scientists doubt the likelihood of an ocean inside Pluto for at least part of its history.

Cracking time

The insight offered by the new study comes from studying maps of Pluto’s shape and features. The researchers discovered that cracks in its surface are of all ages – right back to the most remote times we can see, soon after the surface formed, possibly 4.5 billion years ago.

Scientists have assumed that Pluto grew by slowly accumulating icy material that condensed when the outer solar system was forming. In such a scenario, no internal ocean could have formed until trapped heat generated by radioactive decay in the rocky core had built up sufficiently to melt the overlying ice.

In that situation, the oldest geological faults on the surface would have certain specific characteristics (dubbed compressional features). This is because turning the lower part of the ice into liquid water, which is denser and occupies less volume, would have placed the overlying ice into compression.

Other types of fractures interpreted as “extensional cracks” could begin to form only when the top of this ocean began to freeze as its heat escaped to space. The pressure of the ice forced the interior to expand slightly, stretching and cracking the surface a little. However, Pluto’s surface is cut by what appear to be extensional cracks only, right back to the most ancient times.

Part of a map of Pluto’s topography (dark = low, bright = high). The dark (low) area in the east is part of Sputnik Planitia. Ancient north-south troughs run to its west; more obvious narrower and younger cracks run obliquely.

Image via Paul Schenk/ The Conversation.

The authors therefore argue that the young Pluto grew to its present size by accumulating tiny pieces of material in a so-called “pebble accretion” process that was energetic and rapid enough to cause melting at the base of the ice layer. This is termed a “hot start,” though all it means is “just warm enough for water-ice to melt.”

The crust, from the first moment that it became stable, never experienced compression. Instead, its surface suffered extension as liquid water at top of the ocean froze onto the base of the ice shell during Pluto’s first half billion years.

Ocean freezing may then have paused for about the next billion years because the build-up of radioactive heat was temporarily able to balance the rate of heat escape to space. But ever since then, as Pluto’s radioactive heat production dwindled over time, the roof of the ocean continued to freeze. The thickness of the ice shell has maybe doubled to about 180km (about 110 miles). The surviving ocean is likely a 200km (120 mi) thick layer between the ice and the rock.

Oceans and life

Internal oceans are fascinating, not just because of how changes in volume can stretch or compress the surface, but because they are potential habitats for life. It is irrelevant that Pluto’s surface temperature is extremely low, because any internal ocean would be warm enough for life.

This could not be life depending on sunlight for its energy, like most life on Earth, and it would have to survive on the probably very meagre chemical energy available within Pluto. So while we can’t rule out there could be life inside Pluto, Europa and Enceladus are likely to be better contenders, since they have more chemical energy available.

David Rothery, Professor of Planetary Geosciences, The Open University

• This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
• Bottom line: A new study suggests that Pluto has had a warm interior ever since it formed, and may still have a liquid, internal ocean under its icy crust. It could mean that other sizable icy dwarf planets have had early internal oceans too, with some possibly persisting today. This is exciting, as where there’s warm water, there could be life.

{ https://earthsky.org/ }

09-07-2020 om 00:23 geschreven door peter  

Which came first: the chicken or the egg? Even simple questions are hard to answer these days. Here a tougher one, courtesy of the strange year we’re barely halfway through. Did 2020 cause the Earth’s magnetic poles to shift ten times faster than experts were predicting … or is the shifting of the poles causing the problems of 2020? Whichever ever it is, it’s probably not good. Want to go back to the chicken and the egg and try again?

“We have incomplete knowledge of our magnetic field before 400 years ago. Since these rapid changes represent some of the more extreme behavior of the liquid core, they could give important information about the behavior of Earth’s deep interior.”

In a press release from Leeds University, Dr Chris Davies, an Associate Professor from the School of Earth and Environment, and Professor Catherine Constable, from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, in California, explain the technique they used in their new study, published this week in Nature Communications, to both fill in the gaps of the last 400 years and attempt to figure out what’s been going on with the Earth’s magnetic field over the past 100,000 years. Unlike past researchers, they had the benefit of new historical data on time variations in the Earth’s magnetic field and the most sophisticated software ever for modeling the planet’s field generation process.

“Since these rapid changes represent some of the more extreme behavior of the liquid core they could give important information about the behavior of Earth’s deep interior.”

If Sir Ringo Starr were part of this team, at this point he would join in with a chorus of “It Don’t Come Easy.” The direction and movements of the Earth’s magnetic field start in the planet’s liquid core. Just as the liquid core sloshes and swirls, so does the surface magnetic field – with areas moving independently rather than in unison like a hard outer shell. While satellites can show this movement today, historical movements were seen using geological records of actions like lava flows and sedimentary changes. Davies and Constable felt modeling based on time variations would be more accurate. To prove it, they took field shifts shown in the models and tried to match them up to known anomalies.

“The clearest example of this in their study is a sharp change in the geomagnetic field direction of roughly 2.5 degrees per year 39,000 years ago. This shift was associated with a locally weak field strength, in a confined spatial region just off the west coast of Central America, and followed the global Laschamp excursion – a short reversal of the Earth’s magnetic field.”

It was here last week!

Armed with correlations like this, they felt confident in their statement that the magnetic field is changing much faster than the accepted one degree per year. In fact, it’s shifting up to 10 times faster. We already know that the magnetic poles are moving, with the magnetic north pole now somewhere in Siberia, while the magnetic south pole is off the coast of Antarctica somewhere outside of the Antarctic Circle. What is the end result of all of this magnetic pole and field shifting at such a fast rate? A common word in the study is “flux.”

“Flux” is also a good word to describe the year 2020. Are these fluxes related? As expected, the model doesn’t look at this. Should it? Would it make any difference if we knew the answer?

One thing we can agree on … 2020 has been one fluxed up year.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

08-07-2020 om 21:55 geschreven door peter  

“The Answer to the Great Question… Of Life, the Universe and Everything… Is… Forty-two,’ said Deep Thought, with infinite majesty and calm.”

That quote from Douglas Adams’ “The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy” has pacified the inquisitive for a long time, even though it’s fiction. However, scientists kept looking and this week announced they had found the source of all life in the universe. Is it 42? A number close to 42? Something from another book? Will it change everything?

“The initial–final mass relation (IFMR) links the birth mass of a star to the mass of the compact remnant left at its death.”

OK, the conclusions by Paola Marigo, an astronomer at the University of Padua in Italy, and his team of authors of a new study published in the journal Nature Astronomy, won’t take seven and a half million years to explain like Deep Thought’s answer in the book. On the other hand, they may require the connection of some pretty remote dots – namely, one from the birth of a star and the other from its death. As recounted in the study’s press release, the team started with the idea that all life needs carbon, so following carbon back to its source is the same as following life on the same path. Every carbon atom in the universe came from stars that successfully fused three helium nuclei. Those atoms were then dispersed throughout the universe – a scattering of the seeds of life. What kind of star has this capability? Find that and you find the source of life.

It’s not 42?

“From the analysis of the observed Keck spectra, it was possible to measure the masses of the white dwarfs. Using the theory of stellar evolution, we were able to trace back to the progenitor stars and derive their masses at birth.”

The “Keck spectra” refers to the W. M. Keck Observatory in Hawaii used by the astronomers. The two generally held hypotheses were that carbon either came from low-mass stars that became white dwarfs at the end of their lives, or those that became massive supernovas. While expecting the “initial-final mass relation” between a star’s mass at birth and at death to be constant, the team was shocked to find that white dwarfs were much larger at the end. That gave them the answer.

“Now we know that the carbon came from stars with a birth mass of not less than roughly 1.5 solar masses.”

Computer models showed that stars at least 1.5 times the mass of our own Sun had cores which grew slow enough to achieve massive proportions before dying in a transformation into a white dwarf, exploding their carbon into space. That stellar death becomes a birth of life … eventually.

White dwarf

“These findings place stringent constraints on how and when carbon, the element essential to life on Earth, was produced by the stars of our galaxy, eventually ending up trapped in the raw material from which the Sun and its planetary system were formed 4.6 billion years ago.”

Which explanation makes more sense – that one or “42”? Would it help if it was said with infinity majesty and calm?

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

08-07-2020 om 21:45 geschreven door peter