Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 13 YEARS AND 2 MONTH.
ON 06/08/2024 MORE THAN 2.161.100
VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
11-02-2021
Verste object in ons zonnestelsel ontdekt: de rots ‘FarFarOut’
Verste object in ons zonnestelsel ontdekt: de rots ‘FarFarOut’
Aan de rand van ons zonnestelsel draait een rots rond de zon. Het is het verste object in ons stelsel dat tot nu toe bekend is. Het object heeft de bijnaam FarFarOut gekregen, oftewel ver, ver weg.
FarFarOut werd in januari 2018 voor het eerst waargenomen met een telescoop op Hawaï. Daarna is het object gevolgd om zijn baan rond de zon te berekenen.
Volgens het Amerikaanse sterrenkundige centrum NOIRlab doet de rots ongeveer duizend jaar over een rondje rond de zon. Soms komt hij dichter bij dan de planeet Neptunus, maar op het verste punt is de afstand tot de zon 26,2 miljard kilometer. Dat is 175 keer de afstand van de aarde tot de zon.
Momenteel staat hij op 19,75 miljard kilometer van de zon, 132 keer zo ver als de aarde van de zon staat.
Pluto
Het rotsblok is moeilijk te zien. De ontdekkers denken dat hij ongeveer 400 kilometer in doorsnee is. Dat betekent dat het misschien net een dwergplaneet is, zoals bijvoorbeeld Pluto.
De ontdekkers verwachten dat het record van FarFarOut niet lang in stand blijft, omdat er in zijn omgeving waarschijnlijk meer van zulke rotsen te vinden zijn.
Het is het verste object in ons stelsel dat tot nu toe bekend is.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:HLN.be - Het Laatste Nieuws ( NL)
Musician Deletes Footage of "UFO" Captured from Airplane Window
Musician Deletes Footage of "UFO" Captured from Airplane Window
A still image of the object from Capelle’s video.
(Leah Capelle / Twitter)
Los Angeles-based musician Leah Capelle shared a video to Twitter on February 3rd of what appears to be an unidentified flying object outside the window of a passenger jet leaving Chicago.
"Okay y'all, when I was flying home from Chicago I saw something spooky; my gut instinct was UFO but figured that couldn't be possible so then I thought military drone, but [I don’t know]," the accompanying caption read. "Thoughts?"
Capelle has since deleted the video, but not before it was taken and uploaded to the Latest UFO Sightings (LUFOS) YouTube channel.
The speed with which Capelle deleted the video had some wondering why she did so.
"Why was it already deleted from Twitter?" one viewer asked. "This is weird to me, if it was a hoax for attention they would leave it up as long as possible."
"Especially the [woman who shared the video] being a young musician and trying to gain a following," replied another viewer. "You would think she would leave it up for exposure. But instead, it seemed she got spooked or overwhelmed by people storming her with questions. She may also be questioning herself on what exactly was seen."
Other commenters on the LUFOS YouTube page wondered if the government or “men in black” were responsible for pressuring Capelle into removing the video.
Capelle had been responding to comments prior to the video’s deletion sometime on or before February 5th, including the following exchange.
"I saw something very similar in 2014," Bayardo Gonzalez said. "It was three white spheres/orbs in triangle formation. I did not see them move as fast as yours. They just followed the plane for a bit."
"So crazy, dang," replied Capelle.
"It makes you think...Did I just see what I think I saw?" Gonzalez asked. "Good you got it on video. How many did you see? I couldn’t tell if it was just one. I did not have a smartphone back in 2014 so I do not have video."
"I only saw one but it was moving so fast it’s hard to tell," replied Capelle.
“This needs to be news,” said Capelle during another Twitter exchange.
She did not reply to comments regarding the video’s authenticity or inquiries regarding its deletion.
In the video, Capelle first seems to notice the object hovering above some solar panels, while someone next to her is filming. She then grabs the camera to better record the image herself.
Capelle can be heard speaking with another person, whose voice is muffled, while viewing the object.
“Oh sh*t,” Capelle says. “Whoa, what is that?”
“Do you see that?” asks the other person.
"It’s like teleporting, it’s like a vacuum," Capelle says. "That’s insane."
A white object can be seen in the video entering the frame before disappearing and then reappearing onscreen. After reappearing, it quickly flies offscreen and the video ends.
Many who’ve seen the video are convinced that it represents authentic footage of an unexplained phenomenon.
Debunkers, in the absence of corroborating evidence from other passengers, have asserted that it’s a hoax created with video editing software.
The Singular Fortean Society’s photo and video analyst Emily Wayland said it’s too soon for definitive judgments.
"It’s impossible to know for sure without the original footage, but this could have been done with relatively common computer software," she said. "However, it’s not that easy to do. You’d have to be decently skilled to do it."
Investigator Tobias Wayland reached out to Capelle to ask if she would agree to an interview, and any subsequent response will be publishedas it is received.
Three robotic explorers launched by three different nations are due to reach Mars within days of each other, after hurtling hundreds of millions of miles through space.
The United Arab Emirates' orbiter, called Hope, reaches Mars on Tuesday, followed less than 24 hours later by China's orbiter-rover combo, Tianwen-1.
NASA's rover, Perseverance, will arrive a week later, on February 18, to collect rocks for return to Earth – a key step in determining whether life ever existed on Mars.
The $3 billion Perseverance mission is the first leg in a US-European effort to bring Mars samples to Earth in the next decade.
Hope, Tianwen-1 and Perseverance all launched within 12 days of each other in the second half of July last year.
The UAE, China and the US took advantage of a period last July when Mars and Earth were favourably aligned to launch their exploratory missions to the Red Planet.
Scroll down for video
This illustration provided by NASA depicts the Mars 2020 spacecraft carrying the Perseverance rover as it approaches Mars. Perseverance's $3 billion mission is the first leg in a U.S.-European effort to bring Mars samples to Earth in the next decade
Hope, which was the first of the three to launch, on July 19 from Japan's Tanegashima Space Center, will not land on the Martian surface but take readings from the Red Planet's atmosphere.
It will help answer key questions about the Martian atmosphere and the loss of hydrogen and oxygen gases into space over the span of one Martian year or nearly two Earth years.
Called Amal, or Hope in Arabic, the Gulf nation's spacecraft is seeking an especially high orbit – 13,500 by 27,000 miles high – to monitor Martian weather.
'We are quite excited as engineers and scientists, at the same time quite stressed and happy, worried, scared,' said Omran Sharaf, project manager for the UAE, in anticipation of the first of the three scheduled arrivals.
Six spacecraft currently are operating around Mars – three from the US, two from Europe and one from India. The UAE hopes to make it seven with its mission.
Illustration provided by Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre depicts the United Arab Emirates' Hope Mars probe
Meanwhile, China's craft, which consists of an orbiter, lander and rover, measures just over six feet in height (1.85m) and weighs 530 pounds (240kg).
Called Tianwen-1, or 'Quest for Heavenly Truth', it is due to enter Mars orbit on Wednesday, February 10, but it will remain paired in orbit until May, when the rover separates to descend to the surface.
Once the rover gets to Mars, it will survey the composition, types of substance, geological structure and meteorological environment of the Martian surface, and look for signs of alien life.
China successfully launched Tianwen-1 on July 23 aboard a Long March 5 Y-4 carrier rocket from Wenchang Space Launch Centre on the southern island province of Hainan, China.
China's mission includes a Mars orbiter, that will carry the lander and rover until release, a lander, that will parachute down the the surface carrying the rover, and a rover that will study the planet's soil and atmosphere for signs of life
If all goes well, Tianwen-1 will make China only the second country to land successfully on the Red Planet.
Both the UAE and China are newcomers to Mars, where more than half of Earth's emissaries have failed.
This is not China's first attempt at Mars – in 2011, a Chinese orbiter accompanying a Russian mission was lost when the spacecraft failed to get out of Earth's orbit after launching from Kazakhstan, eventually burning up in the atmosphere.
This image made available by the China National Space Administration on Wednesday, December 16, 2020 shows the Tianwen-1 probe en route to Mars
Lastly, Perseverance, which was the last of the three to blast off last July, will land on the Martian surface on February 18.
The one-ton Perseverance rover is larger and more elaborate than Tianwen-1's rover, but it will similarly prowl for signs of ancient microscopic life.
'To say we're pumped about it, well that would be a huge understatement,' said Lori Glaze, NASA's planetary science director.
About the size of an SUV, the rover will dive in straight away for a harrowing sky-crane touchdown at the 30-mile-diameter Jezero Crater – an ancient river delta that seems a logical spot for somewhere that once harboured life.
Perseverance rover fires up its descent stage engines as it nears the Martian surface in this NASA illustration
This image made available by NASA depicts a possible area through which the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover could traverse across Jezero Crater. This mosaic is composed of aligned images from the Context Camera on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
Perseverance rover, bottom, landing on Mars. Hundreds of critical events must execute perfectly and exactly on time for the rover to land safely on February 18, 2021
This landing zone in Jezero Crater is so treacherous that NASA cancelled it for Curiosity, but so tantalising that scientists are keen to get hold of its rocks.
'When the scientists take a look at a site like Jezero Crater, they see the promise, right?' said Al Chen, who is in charge of the entry, descent and landing team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.
'When I look at Jezero, I see danger. There's danger everywhere.'
Steep cliffs, deep pits and fields of rocks could cripple or doom Perseverance, following its seven-minute atmospheric plunge.
With an 11-and-a-half-minute communication lag each way, the rover will be on its own, unable to rely on flight controllers.
The odds are in NASA's favour, however, as it has nailed eight of its nine attempted Mars landings.
Illustration of NASA's Perseverance rover beginning its descent through the Martian atmosphere, with its heat shield facing the 'Red Planet' (issued 08 February 2021). Entry, Descent, and Landing (or EDL) begins when the spacecraft reaches the top of the Martian atmosphere, travelling nearly 20,000 kph
NASA engineers watch the first driving test for Perseverance in a clean room at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California in December 2019
Once landed, the six-wheeled Perseverance will drive across Jezero, collecting core samples of the most enticing rocks and gravel.
Perseverance is carrying seven instruments that will analyse samples from the surface, including an advanced panoramic camera, a ground-penetrating radar and an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer for analysis of chemical elements.
The NASA rover, which launched from Florida on July 30, will set the samples aside for retrieval by a fetch rover launching in 2026.
Under an elaborate multi-billion plan still being worked out by NASA and the European Space Agency, the geologic treasure would arrive on Earth in the early 2030s.
There are multiple missions to Mars in 2020 due to its optimum position relative to Earth, making journeys shorter than they would be otherwise
A handout photo released by the China National Space Administration (CNSA) on 05 February 2021 shows the first image of Mars captured by China's Tianwen-1 unmanned probe (issued 06 February 2021). According to CNSA, the image was taken about 2.2 million kilometres from Mars
Scientists contend it is the only way to ascertain whether life flourished on a wet, watery Mars three billion to four billion years ago.
NASA's science mission chief, Thomas Zurbuchen, considers it 'one of the hardest things ever done by humanity and certainly in space science'.
The US is still the only country to successfully land on Mars, beginning with the 1976 Vikings. Two spacecraft are still active on the surface – Curiosity, which landed in 2012, and InSight, which landed in 2018.
Smashed Russian and European spacecraft litter the Martian landscape, meanwhile, along with NASA's failed Mars Polar Lander from 1999.
Mars fly-bys were the rage in the 1960s and most failed. NASA's Mariner 4 was the first to succeed in 1965.
THREE MISSIONS TO MARS IN THE SPACE OF 10 DAYS
There are three major missions bound for Mars in the space of just 10 days this month - the UAE's Hope orbiter, China's Tianwen-1 craft and NASA's Perseverance rover.
The countries are taking advantage of a period when Earth and Mars are favourably aligned for a relatively short journey.
July 19: Hope (UAE)
The 3,000lb (1,350kg) craft (pictured) will complete one orbit every 55 hours for a total of one Martian year — 687 Earth days
- The 2,970-pound probe was built entirely within the Emirates, launched from Japan and will take seven months to reach the Red Planet.
- When the orbiter gets there in February 2021, it will stay in orbit for a whole Martian year – 687 days.
- Hope will not land on the Martian surface but take readings from the Red Planet's atmosphere.
- Hope will help answer key questions about the Martian atmosphere and the loss of hydrogen and oxygen gases into space over the span of one Martian year – called a 'sol'.
- Three instruments mounted on the probe will provide a picture of Mars's atmosphere throughout the year, and all of the data gathered will be made widely available.
- This includes an infrared spectrometer to measure the lower atmosphere and temperature, a high-resolution imager to study the ozone and another to look at levels of hydrogen and oxygen up to 27,000 miles from the surface.
July 23: Tianwen-1
The Chinese space exploration authority introduced the nation's first Mars rover Tianwen-1 (pictured) at a grand ceremony earlier this month. The rover measures just over six feet in height
- This robotic spacecraft consists of an orbiter (stationed in the atmosphere), a lander (stationary on the planet's surface) and a rover (roaming the surface).
- The craft measures just over six feet in height (1.85m) and weighs 530 pounds (240kg).
- It will survey the composition, types of substance, geological structure and meteorological environment of the Martian surface.
- The solar-powered machine is designed to work on Mars for three Martian months, about 92 Earth days.
- It includes a geological camera, a multispectral camera, a subsurface detection radar, a surface composition detector, a surface magnetic field detector and a weather detector.
- A poem pondering on the stars and planets written over 2000 years ago was the inspiration for the name of China's first exploration mission to Mars.
- Called Tianwen (天问), the poem was written by ancient Chinese literati and politician Qu Yuan (339-278BC), who lived in the Chu State (770-223BC).
July 30: Perseverance
NASA's Mars 2020 Rover will pick up samples of rock and soil from the red planet, deposit them in tubes and leave them on the ground for a future mission to return them to Earth.
- NASA's Perseverance rover is the heaviest payload yet to go to the Red Planet - at a car-sized 2,259 pounds (1,025kg).
The mission will seek signs of past microbial life on Mars and collect rock and soil samples for eventual return to Earth.
- The Mars Perseverance rover introduces a drill that can collect core samples of the most promising rocks and soils and set them aside in a 'cache' on the surface of Mars.
- The rover will travel using an ultraviolet laser to determine what minerals and compounds are present in the soil, based on the way the light scatters.
- The Mars 2020 rover, which was built at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California., is now at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida for final preparations.
- It launches to space on July 30 and is set to touch down on Mars in 12 months.
- It has a mission duration of 1 Mars year (668 sols or 687 Earth days) and will touch down on the planet's Jezero crater on Mars in February 2021.
Best UFO Video From A Plane: Incredible Speed, Size And Movement
Best UFO Video From A Plane: Incredible Speed, Size And Movement
One woman witnessed on her flight out of Chicago something she will never forget – a mega-fast UFO, reports wbznewsradio.iheart.com.
She filmed the flying saucer, pointing it out to those next to her. In the clip, she says it is “right over by those solar panels” and then an object zips into view, hovers, and dashes away at a very high rate of speed.
Sounds of shock and amazement can be heard before the UFO returns and curves upward, flying off in the distance.
The video was originally tweeted out by a musician who captioned it “Okay y’all, when I was flying home from Chicago I saw something spooky; my gut instinct was UFO but figured that couldn’t be possible so then I thought military drone, but idk… thoughts?”
She has since removed the video from her Twitter, but didn’t give an explanation as to why. Some commenters think maybe it was because someone, maybe even from the government, suggested she pull the footage.
The ISS Recorded Again A Fleet Of Hundreds Of UFOs Approaching Our Planet
The ISS Recorded Again A Fleet Of Hundreds Of UFOs Approaching Our Planet
We have long believed, even claimed, that we are not alone in the cosmos, and scientists said a few months ago that there may be hundreds of intelligent alien societies not far from Earth. Any of them might also be enough advanced to engage with us.
Scientists at the University of Nottingham, UK, estimate that there are at least 36 extraterrestrial cultures highly advanced in the Milky Way, according to a report published in the science journal The Astrophysical Journal last June.
But they go on to claim that the calculation is simply conservative: it is based on the premise that intelligent life, using what they call the Astrobiological Copernican Limit, forms on other planets in a similar fashion as it does on Earth.
Researchers believed that the World is not special: if an Earth-like planet developed around a Sun-like star in an orbit identical to our planet, hosting a society that evolves technologically similar to humans, in our galaxy there will be around 36 civilizations.
In this scenario, in a timeframe close to that of humanity, other advanced cultures will also be transmitting messages, such as radio broadcasts from satellites and televisions, seeking to discover other modes of life. So if scientists are so convinced of the alien presence of our galaxy, images showing a fleet of hundreds of UFOs above Earth shouldn’t be shocking to us.
Fleet Of UFOs
Another A fleet of over 150 unidentified flying objects in Earth’s orbit has been captured by the International Space Station (ISS) camera. This is not, though the first time in recent months that a similar sighting has occurred.
The ISS was traveling in an undetermined location on Earth last April, as we had already published exclusively, but as the camera captured the progress, hundreds of formation lights were emerging in our path. Uh, earth.
In August, even the Russian cosmonaut Ivan Vagner, currently onboard the International Space Station (ISS), noticed the appearance of a number of unusual lights. The 60-second film, taken from inside the ISS, showed, from Vagner’s viewpoint, at least five unidentified objects traveling in formation, emerging behind Earth.
The arrival of the UFO fleet was caught by the ISS camera in this new sighting during the night of November 15. The appearance in the orbit of Earth of unusual objects is so many that they do not reach the field of view of the camera, but it can be seen that there are at least more than 150.
The most cynical Internet users have indicated that some city lights are these UFO formations, but because the ISS circles the Earth in about 93 minutes, doing 15.5 orbits every day we can see these types of supposed city lights every day on the live stream, but that’s not the case.
But it’s obvious that mysterious luminous objects are not the lights of major cities, and they’re not fishing boats or Starlink satellites because of their height.
It can also be added that on ISS live broadcasts, these light formations do not continuously appear, but rather appear suddenly and then vanish as if they never were.
Today, the question that many are wondering is where do they go and in such numbers for what reason do they travel?
There are numerous hypotheses at this stage that might justify its real intent.
One explanation is that owing to the coronavirus pandemic, it is alien spacecraft leaving our world in shape.
Another hypothesis, and one of the most famous, is that they are conclusive proof that some otherworldly civilization is preparing for a quiet attack, strategically positioning its fleet as if it were a chessboard.
We should not rule out that it is the US Space Force, however.
It must be said that the Space Delta 9 unit of the Space Force was formally awarded its first mission: orbital warfare. It formally took charge of the enigmatic experimental unmanned mini space shuttle X-37B, which completed a number of classified orbits for unspecified reasons, the latest of which involved a Space Force mission, as part of the strengthening of the armament of the Space Force.
So it should come as no surprise that hidden Space Power instruments are the hundreds of objects stealthily flying about in Earth’s orbit.
The fact is that if more than 150 unexplained space objects travel in our planet’s orbit, apart from all these hypotheses, why does the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) or the European Space Agency (ESA) not feel it appropriate to clarify the mysterious objects that appear in the live broadcast of the ISS?
Comment l'ESA se prépare à négocier avec la Nasa la présence d'un Européen sur la Lune
Comment l'ESA se prépare à négocier avec la Nasa la présence d'un Européen sur la Lune
Rémy Decourt - Journaliste
[EN VIDÉO][4K] Mission Artémis Les Hommes de Retour sur la Lune en 2024 (Nasa) - les lancements de la mission ArtemisFin 2021, le nouveau lanceur lourd de la Nasa, le SLS (Space Launch System), lancera la première mission Artemis I à destination de la Lune. Voici à quoi ressemblera son premier vol.
L'Agence spatiale européenne, principale partenaire de la Nasa dans l'exploration humaine et robotique de la Lune, veut qu'un de ses astronautes marche sur la Lune. Afin de convaincre la Nasa d'en amener un avec elle lors d'une mission Artemis, l'ESA développe un atterrisseur lunaire polyvalent, autonome et de forte capacité (EL3) qui pourrait servir à la logistique des missions Artemis. Le fret et le matériel ainsi transportés le seraient en échange d'un Européen sur la Lune dès le début de la décennie 2030.
L'Agence spatiale européenne qui a conclu des accords à long terme avec la Nasa pour construire une station spatiale lunaire (Gateway) et garantir sa participation à un prochain voyage sur la Lune a d'ores et déjà négocié et obtenu trois places pour ses astronautes à bord du Gateway.
Aujourd'hui, l'ESA réfléchit quelle contrepartie elle pourrait proposer à la Nasa pour faire atterrir sur la Lune un de ses astronautes d'ici 2030 ! Cette monnaie d'échange pourrait être l'atterrisseur lunaire polyvalent, baptisé European Large Logistics Lander (EL3). Bien que destiné à une diversité de missions pour la communauté scientifique, ce système de transport autonome pourra servir à la logistique de support des missions Artemis avec la capacité de transporter jusqu'à 1,7 tonne de fret vers n'importe quel endroit de la surface lunaire.
À la conquête de la Lune avec des programmes forts
L'Agence spatiale européenne a indiqué, lors de l'édition 2020 du Congrès international d'astronautique (IAC), avoir sélectionné Airbus Defense and Space et Thales Alenia Space pour deux études parallèles. Ce n'est seulement que lors de la prochaine réunion du Conseil des ministres de l'ESA, actuellement prévue fin 2022, que les États membres décideront de financer le développement de cet atterrisseur lunaire polyvalent, voire de le compléter avec le croiseur lunaire CLTV (Cis-Lunar Transfer Vehicle), dont deux études ont été confiées à Airbus et Thales Alenia Space. Ce Véhicule logistique polyvalent et autonome, s'appuyant sur l'héritage des modules de service d'Orion et du véhicule de transfert automatique (ATV), pourrait ravitailler le Gateway dès 2027.
Différents concepts à l'étude d'alunisseur logistique lourd européen (EL3) sous ses différentes configurations, en fonction du scénario de mission (transport de fret, dépose d'un rover, retour d'échantillons lunaires). Cette étude est réalisée par Airbus pour le compte de l'ESA.
Dans le contexte d'un programme d'exploration lunaire accéléré au niveau international, l'ESA s'est engagée dans plusieurs projets pour permettre à l'Europe de jouer un rôle à court et à moyen terme. Pour l'ESA, ce retour sur la Lune offre non seulement des opportunités scientifiques fondamentalement importantes pour la compréhension du Système solaire, mais permet également de tester le matériel et les procédures opérationnelles pour l'exploration et l'utilisation de l'espace au-delà de l'orbite terrestre basse (LEO), de façon à démontrer les technologies et les processus qui seront nécessaires à une mission future vers Mars.
Silvio Sandrone, directeur des nouveaux programmes chez Airbus, dont l'entreprise est engagée dans les études de l'EL3 et du CLTV (Commercial Lunar Payload Services), nous explique en quoi ces deux systèmes de transport « pourraient répondre aux besoins de la Nasa pour son programme Artemis ». Si avec l'EL3 le but de l'ESA est d'effectuer des missions autonomes européennes sur la surface de la Lune, au rythme de trois à cinq sur une période d'au moins dix ans à partir de la fin des années 2020, cet alunisseur peut servir de « véhicule de logistique lourd pour les missions Artemis avec équipage sur la Lune ». Avec 1,7 tonne de charge utile, une très grande variété de cargaisons et de fret peut être livrée à la surface de la Lune, comme « des expériences scientifiques, des fournitures d'équipage ou des rovers non pressurisés ».
L'atterrisseur lunaire EL3 de l'Agence spatiale européenne. Ce système de transport autonome pourra servir à la logistique de support des missions Artemis avec la capacité de transporter jusqu'à 1,7 tonne de fret vers n'importe quel endroit de la surface lunaire.
Du fait de ces performances, EL3 se différencie nettement de la multitude de projets de sociétés privées américaines qui « développent des atterrisseurs lunaires de 150 à 200 kg de charges utiles, dans le cadre du programme Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) de la Nasa ».
L'EL3 en support des missions Artemis de la Nasa
Pour comprendre l'intérêt de la Nasa à utiliser EL3, « qui ne sera évidemment pas un lander lunaire de plus », il faut savoir que dans le schéma actuel des missions Artemis, le système d’atterrissage habité HLS (Human Landing System) de la Nasa est « un peu court en matière de performance ». Qualifié pour le transport d'astronautes, le HLS, actuellement développé par le secteur privé, permettra aux astronautes d'atteindre la surface lunaire, de vivre et d'opérer au sol pendant quelques jours au maximum, avant de rejoindre l'orbite lunaire. Si l'Europe peut, par exemple, « prédisposer au sol carburant et ressources, les missions Artemis sur la Lune pourraient alors durer plusieurs semaines » ! Dans ce scénario, les astronautes de la Nasa arriveront sur le site à explorer avec le HLS, mais l'essentiel de la logistique sera apporté par l'EL3.
Concept à l'étude de l'alunisseur logistique lourd européen lunaire de l'Agence spatiale européenne (EL3). Dans cette configuration, l’EL3 pourrait permettre une mission de retour d’échantillons lunaires.
Le but de l'ESA est de se rendre « incontournable auprès de la Nasa pour la logistique des futures missions habitées » et donc de négocier auprès de la Nasa cette capacité de transport par l'atterrissage d'un astronaute européen sur la Lune.
Le saviez-vous ?
Alors qu’EL3 permettra une diversité de missions pour la communauté scientifique, les missions les plus étudiées sont une exploration du pôle Sud de la Lune, à l’aide d’un laboratoire robotisé dérivé du rover collecteur d’échantillons (Sample Fetch Rover de la mission MSR) et un retour d’échantillons lunaires. Dans ce schéma, EL3 emportera avec lui sur la Lune un élément d’interface abritant un rover de 330 kilogrammes et un élément d'ascension lunaire (LAE) qui renverra les échantillons à la passerelle lunaire. Le rover sera conçu pour parcourir plus de 100 kilomètres à une vitesse relativement élevée et survivre à la nuit lunaire. Quelque 15 kilogrammes d’échantillons pourraient être rapportés sur Terre en transitant par le Gateway. Ils seraient chargés à bord d’une capsule Orion de la Nasa.
Une quinzaine de kilogrammes de roches, de pierres de toutes tailles et de régolithes, c’est bien. Mais, « une centaine de kilogrammes c’est bien mieux » ! Pour Airbus, le CLTV pourrait être utilisé pour une ambitieuse mission de retour d’échantillons lunaires. « Un rendez-vous en orbite lunaire avec le CLTV et EL3 permettrait de rapporter plus de cent kilogrammes de matière lunaire », toujours en transitant par le Gateway.
Mais, souligne Silvio Sandrone, l'Europe ne doit pas seulement se « contenter d'être un partenaire qui apporte des modules pour les engins spatiaux des autres ». L'apport européen comprend notamment des missions internationales vers Mars, des éléments importants pour les stations spatiales habitées (ISS et Gateway), ainsi que le module de service européen du véhicule Orion de la Nasa, dont six exemplaires ont d'ores et déjà été commandés, qui transportera les astronautes jusqu'au Gateway et sur la Lune.
Crédits : NASA.
Représentation d'artiste du vaisseau Orion en approche de la station Gateway dans sa version internationale (après 2024).
Crédits : NASA.
Illustration d'activités scientifiques et technologiques sur la Lune lors de missions Artemis.
L'Europe a aussi besoin de se « doter de capacités suffisantes pour mener ses propres missions en toute autonomie ». L'atterrisseur lunaire polyvalent EL3 est une première étape. La deuxième pourrait être le « croiseur lunaire de transfert cislunaire, s'appuyant sur l'héritage des modules de service d'Orion et de l'ATV », dont l'ESA a trouvé ce concept intéressant, « notamment parce qu'il permet une grande variété de missions pas seulement à destination de la Lune ». D'où ces deux études attribuées à Airbus et Thales Alenia Space.
Concept de croiseur lunaire pour desservir l'orbite basse, le Gateway ou la Lune.
Avec ce CLTV, l'Europe pourrait se doter d'un « véhicule spatial capable de faire la navette entre l'orbite terrestre et la Lune pour contribuer à la logistique du Gateway » avec une capacité d'emport non négligeable de plus de 4,5 tonnes jusqu'au Gateway. Cet ATV-Lunaire pourrait fournir, par exemple, « un soutien opportun et efficace à la Nasa et à l'ESA dans la mise en œuvre des futures missions lunaires Artemis », voire être une « alternative crédible au SLS et autres lanceurs commerciaux en particulier pour ce qui concerne toutes les missions de logistique, comme le transfert de fret, l'assemblage en orbite, le retour d'échantillons, de l'orbite terrestre basse à l'espace cislunaire ». Par ailleurs, la polyvalence de CLTV lui permettra également de soutenir des « missions d'infrastructure orbitale post-ISS en orbite terrestre basse ainsi que des missions dans le domaine des services aux satellites géostationnaires ».
Plutôt que de choisir entre EL3 ou le CLTV, l'ESA serait bien inspirée de financer à la fois l'alunisseur multirôle et le véhicule cislunaire lors du prochain Conseil ministériel en 2022. Avec des ambitions moins fortes, l'ESA pourrait néanmoins sélectionner seulement l'EL3 en vue d'une première mission scientifique, vraisemblablement une mission de retour d'échantillons lunaires du pôle Sud qui servira également de démonstration technologique. Dans ce schéma elle déciderait de consolider le projet de croiseur lunaire, sans l'annuler donc, ce qui permettrait aux équipes travaillant sur ce véhicule de poursuivre leur effort sans toutefois avoir la garantie qu'il volera un jour.
VIDÉOS LIÉES, sélectionnées et posées par peter2011
THREE REPORTS, Plane Investigates UFO Over West Palm beach, Florida, 2-9-2021, UFO Sighting News.
THREE REPORTS, Plane Investigates UFO Over West Palm beach, Florida, 2-9-2021, UFO Sighting News.
Update, US news reports this as a military test missile from a submarine, but this seems to be a cover up, since it came so close to being over Florida risking millions of lives. Either the US is preparing for nuclear war with China and Russia...or this was a UFO. I believe it to be the later. SCW
Date of sighting: Feb 9, 2021
Location of sighting: West Palm Beach, Florida, USA
Source: MUFON
Now here is something you don't see everyday. In Florida a man and woman were driving down West Palm Beach when they noticed a white cone in the sky with a shiny object moving around it. The small object is a single engine plane that happened to be in the area and got curious about this huge white cone in the sky. The white cone begins to fade and the shiny object which has wings and a light at each wingtip, seems to be investigating the white cone. But the white cone quickly fades more and more as if it were a UFO cloaking to hide itself. This is a common practice of UFOs that believe they are going unnoticed, but when they realize they were wrong and that someone was watching them on the ground, they cloak which looks like the object becoming transparent more and more until its totally gone. Absolute proof UFOs can cloak...right in front of our own eyes and totally get away with it.
Scott C. Waring
Eyewitness states:
Orb look like it was traveling slowly after a few minutes and airliner seem to be headed right for it The Airliner had to make a hard bank left to avoid it just then it disappeared This is all verified in the video. The video is in a text file from my wife not sure how to send it to you other than by text.
Second report on this same UFO caught on video.
Third report from MUFON on this UFO came in...only photos and description.
MUFON: #113614
I was driving down the road and I noticed an airplane in the sky, just behind the airplane I noticed a stationary disc, very brightly lit with a cloud formation around it. The disc and cloud formation appeared to be perfect, like something out of this world. The disc was stationary, although I cannot tell whether it rotated in place as I was driving but the disc did not move in a line, it then disappeared and so did the cloud shortly thereafter in the same exact location which I observed it.
Strange light descends near the Popocatépetl Volcano (Video)
Strange light descends near the Popocatépetl Volcano (Video)
On January 18, 2021 the Popocatépet Volcano live webcam recorded an eerie light apparently descending near the volcano.
The Popocatépetl volcano area located in the states of Puebla, Mexico is well known for its UFO Sightings and eerie lights moving above and near the volcano and now with this strange descending light we can add a new mystery to the many unexplained events happening in this area.
Richard Dolan: The astonishing 1961 Abduction Case
Richard Dolan: The astonishing 1961 Abduction Case
Everyone knows about the 1961 UFO encounter of Betty and Barney Hill. But three months prior to that, another (mostly unknown) event took place involving two young people on Long Island, Peter Robbins and his sister Helen.
While Peter went on years later to become a well-known UFO researcher, Helen became a famous Punk Rock star. Here, in a well-illustrated video interview, Peter describes what happened to Helen, and how it affected both of their lives in a powerful way.
The Lonnie Zamora incident was an alleged UFO sighting that occurred on April 24, 1964 near Socorro, New Mexico when Socorro police officer Lonnie Zamora claimed he saw two people beside a shiny object that later rose into the air accompanied by a roaring flame.
The six-wheeled robotic explorer, which remains on track to touch down on Mars on Feb. 18, has been reproduced by Mattel as a Hot Wheels toy. The release of the 1:64th-scale vehicle has been timed to precede the real rover's landing on the red planet so fans of both the mission and the miniatures can reenact the event as it happens.
"We want the car to be out there so kids have it in their hands when the actual rover lands in February," said Manson Cheung, staff sculptor and lead 3D modeler for Mattel Hot Wheels. "We want kids to be like, 'Oh, I have the rover in my hand and I can see it on Mars,' so there is a connection for the kids, not only with Hot Wheels, but space as well."
Launched from Earth on July 30, 2020, Perseverance is nearing its destination and beginning NASA's first mission dedicated to searching for and caching signs of life for a future return to Earth. Should the rover survive its plunge into Mars' atmosphere and a seven-minute descent to the surface that requires an aeroshell, parachute, retro-rockets and a "sky crane" to all autonomously work as designed, then the Perseverance rover will explore Jezero Crater on the western edge of a giant impact basin, just north of the planet's equator.
"NASA's Perseverance rover, just in its name, goes hand-in-hand with Hot Wheels' spirt of 'Challenge Accepted," Scott Shaffstall, senior public relations manager for vehicles, action figures and licenses at Mattel, said. "It's very much tied that vision of try, fail, repeat until it is done right."
"So in our mind, this mission is already a success as it is moving the needle and getting us one step closer to Mars," said Shaffstall.
Hot Wheels Mars Perseverance Rover is arriving in stores ahead of the car-sized rover arriving at Jezero Crater to search for signs of past life on Mars and cache samples for return to Earth. (Image credit: Mattel)
Like the real Perseverance, which was based on the design of NASA's previous and still active rover, Curiosity, the Hot Wheels Perseverance reuses the mold for Mattel's 2012 toy of the earlier-landed, car-sized explorer.
But the two rovers are not identical. Perseverance is equipped with a different set of science instruments, including a redesigned robotic arm, and has more robust wheels after the lessons learned with Curiosity's mobility system.
"We were in talks with JPL [the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California] and NASA and we worked out that the differences at our scale, at 1:64th or about 3 inches [8 cm], would be very close in appearance. So we were able to reuse the Curiosity mold and brand it as Perseverance," Cheung told collectSPACE.com.
Identical to the Hot Wheels Curiosity, the Perseverance version of the toy includes NASA's insignia on its undercarriage and features a rotating camera mast. Mattel also incorporated the reddish-brown Mars "soiled" wheels that it first introduced on a reissue of the Curiosity rover toy in 2014.
"So with Curiosity/Perseverance, it is sort of following the same model as what we do generally in Hot Wheels, reusing the same sculpt that is very similar and just rebranding it as something else," said Cheung.
Persistent partnership
Hot Wheels Mars Perseverance Rover features a rotating camera mast and reddish-brown "soil" stained wheels (Image credit: Mattel)
The Mars Perseverance Rover, which retails for $1.09, is part of the Hot Wheels "Space" line for 2021, an assortment of five different vehicles each with a space or cosmic theme.
"The space mini-collection was brought back in 2021 due to the increased interest from kids and the general public in regards to space exploration. The rover was an obvious fit and we knew that it would be touching down on Mars," said Shaffstall.
The Perseverance toy continues a long history of Hot Wheels celebrating NASA's missions and working with the engineers at JPL in Pasadena, California.
In addition to the Curiosity rover, Hot Wheels sets have also been modeled after NASA's Mars Pathfinder mission in 1997, John Glenn's return to space in 1999 and the Galileo mission to Jupiter that same year. NASA and Hot Wheels began collaborating in the 1980s with the development and release of the Space Shuttle Ground Support Hiway Hauler.
The partnership has led to Mattel designers visiting and touring JPL to get a look at real space vehicles and to deliver their Hot Wheels toys of the same spacecraft to the missions' team members.
"I don't think we are going to be there on landing day because it is all going to be hectic, but we definitely will get the [Hot Wheels Perseverance Rover] samples to them when we can," Shaffstall said.
Even the greatest of us have to take those around us into account. It’s true on a social level and, as new research shows, it’s true on an astronomical level as well.
Image via Pixabay.
Planets and the moons that orbit them form interdependent systems in which both influence one another. We see this with our Moon being tidally locked to our planet, while it, in turn, exerts its gravitational influence on Earth’s oceans.
These are undeniably massive effects that the two bodies exert on one another. But they’re not the most dramatic ones we’ve found so far. A new paper reports that Saturn, one of the titans of our Solar system, has a tilted rotation axis — and, according to the team, this is the doing of its moons.
Bowing to influence
The team, with members from CNRS (France’s national research center), Sorbonne University, and the University of Pisa working with the Paris Observatory report that Saturn’s satellites can explain the mystery of its tilted axis. They also predict that the planet will keep tilting in the future for a few billion years.
This tilt is caused by the gravitational pull of Saturn’s moons as they migrate away from their host planet. Titan, Saturn’s largest natural satellite, bears the lion’s share of the blame, they add.
Saturn’s moons are gradually wrestling free of the giant’s gravitational influence and are slowly inching away from it. While we were aware this was happening, the study showcases that the process is unfolding much faster than previously estimated. By using the new migration rate into our models and calculations, the team concluded that it is, in fact, tied to the planet’s tilt. Furthermore, as Saturn’s moons get further away from the planet, its tilt will keep increasing.
However, a decisive event (in regards to Saturn’s tilt) likely occurred recently in cosmological terms, the team adds. For around three billion years after its formation, Saturn’s axis was only slightly tilted; however, around one billion years ago, the tilting process took root.
At that time, the team explains, the movement of Saturn’s moons triggered a “resonance phenomenon” that continues to this day. We’re seeing the middle stages of this phenomenon currently. While this was already known as well, it was assumed that it started four billion years ago due to a change in Neptune’s orbit and that Saturn’s orbit today is stable — now we know neither are true. Over the next billion years or so, Saturn’s inclination relative to its axis could more than double.
Jupiter, the team adds in a different paper, is likely to undergo a similar tilting with the migration of its own moons due to the influence of Uranus. This process will likely take place over five billion years, says the team, and could take it from its current inclination of 3° to more than 30°.
The first paper “The large obliquity of Saturn explained by the fast migration of Titan” has been published in the journal Nature Astronomy.
The second paper “The future large obliquity of Jupiter” has been published in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics.
Enthusiasm over a Venusian compound associated with life has been quenched by a new study. It’s probably just sulfur dioxide, researchers now believe.
A 3D perspective view of the surface of Venus. Image credits: NASA/JPL.
Phosphine is a colorless, flammable, toxic gas compound — not something you’d be thrilled to see in most cases. But back in September, researchers got really excited about phosphine because it detected in the atmosphere of Venus.
For all its toxicity, phosphine can be produced by life. Finding phosphine on the hellish Venus suggests that life could perhaps exist on Venus, which understandably made a lot of astronomers very curious.
But right from the get-go, some were skeptical about the study. Just one month later, another group of researchers tried to find the phosphine themselves (using telescopes),but couldn’t. Two other groupsreprocessedthe same data used in the first study and alsocouldn’t find evidence for phosphine.
“The authors have informed the editors of Nature Astronomy about an error in the original processing of the ALMA Observatory data underlying the work in this Article, and that recalibration of the data has had an impact on the conclusions that can be drawn. Nature Astronomy is working with the authors to resolve the matter.”
“Instead of phosphine in the clouds of Venus, the data are consistent with an alternative hypothesis: They were detecting sulfur dioxide,” said co-author Victoria Meadows, a UW professor of astronomy. “Sulfur dioxide is the third-most-common chemical compound in Venus’ atmosphere, and it is not considered a sign of life.”
Instead of looking for the phosphine in the telescope data, Meadows and colleagues tried a different approach: they created models of what could be observed on Venus. They found that sulfur dioxide can not only explain the observations, but is also consistent with what we already know of Venus.
Venus is as mysterious as ever. Image credits: NASA / JPL.
The initial phosphine study used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) to make the observations, focusing on the 266.94 gigahertz frequency. Both phosphine and sulfur dioxide absorb radio waves close to this frequency. So what researchers observed could have been sulfur dioxide. The new study modelled how the signals would be picked up by the JCMT and ALMA telescopes.
“This is what’s known as a radiative transfer model, and it incorporates data from several decades’ worth of observations of Venus from multiple sources, including observatories here on Earth and spacecraft missions like Venus Express,” said lead author Andrew Lincowski, a researcher with the UW Department of Astronomy.
There’s another reason why the previous observations are very unlikely to be phosphine, researchers say: the initial signal was found not in the planet’s cloud layer, but far above it, where phosphine would likely be destroyed within seconds, but sulfur dioxide would be more stable.
“Phosphine in the mesosphere is even more fragile than phosphine in Venus’ clouds,” said Meadows. “If the JCMT signal were from phosphine in the mesosphere, then to account for the strength of the signal and the compound’s sub-second lifetime at that altitude, phosphine would have to be delivered to the mesosphere at about 100 times the rate that oxygen is pumped into Earth’s atmosphere by photosynthesis.”
The team also found that the ALMA antenna configuration had an unfortunate side effect: signals from gases like sulfur dioxide give off weaker signals than gases distributed over a smaller scale.
“They inferred a low detection of sulfur dioxide because of that artificially weak signal from ALMA,” said Lincowski. “But our modeling suggests that the line-diluted ALMA data would have still been consistent with typical or even large amounts of Venus sulfur dioxide, which could fully explain the observed JCMT signal.”
“When this new discovery was announced, the reported low sulfur dioxide abundance was at odds with what we already know about Venus and its clouds,” said Meadows. “Our new work provides a complete framework that shows how typical amounts of sulfur dioxide in the Venus mesosphere can explain both the signal detections, and non-detections, in the JCMT and ALMA data, without the need for phosphine.”
So where does this leave us? We know that Earth’s atmosphere contains small amounts of phosphine, and life may produce phosphine. At this point, it seems more likely that previous observations aren’t of phosphine. But venus also remains as mysterious and ever — with a toxic atmosphere, acidic clouds, and scorching hot temperatures, it’s not the place where you’d expect any life form to exist. Then again, we can’t say that for sure, either.
'Mission accomplished': UAE's Hope probe safely enters Mars' orbit – beating both NASA and China to the Red Planet following a 500-million-km race from Earth
'Mission accomplished': UAE's Hope probe safely enters Mars' orbit – beating both NASA and China to the Red Planet following a 500-million-km race from Earth
United Arab Emirates' orbiter Hope reached Martian orbit on Tuesday afternoon
Hope will be followed by China's Tianwen-1 orbiter-rover combo on Wednesday
NASA's Perseverance rover will touch down in Jezero crater on February 18
The United Arab Emirates has become the first Arab nation and only the fifth nation overall to place a spaceship in orbit around Mars.
The country's space probe, called Hope, officially entered Mars orbit at around 16:15 GMT on Tuesday, marking the completion of a 493 million km journey from Earth.
Hope will be the first probe to provide a complete picture of planet's atmosphere and its layers, according to the UAE.
It will answer key questions about the loss of hydrogen and oxygen gases into space, over the span of one Martian year (687 Earth days).
It's arrived ahead of two other spacecraft from NASA and China – although unlike those crafts, Hope is an orbiter probe and won't be landing on the planet's surface.
China's orbiter and rover combo – named Tianwen-1 – will arrive into Martian orbit tomorrow, followed by NASA's Perseverance rover on February 18.
Named Hope, the probe started the complex process of entering Martian orbit at just before 16:00 GMT - following a 500 million km race from Earth
Illustration provided by Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre depicts the United Arab Emirates' Hope Mars probe during its approach
It's arrived ahead of NASA and Chinese spaceships, also on their way to the Red Planet - but unlike those crafts, this one won't be landing as it is an orbiter probe.
MARS ORBITAL INSERTION: A COMPLICATED PROCESS
Entering Martian orbit isn't an easy process, according to scientists.
The stresses on the spacecraft of all engines firing at once are far beyond those at launch
The probe fired its rockets to rapidly decelerate to achieve Mars Orbital Insertion (MOI).
During the MOI the spacecraft rotated to position for a deceleration burn of 27 minutes, and slowed down from its cruising speed of 121,000 km/h to 18,000 km/h.
The stresses on the spacecraft of all engines firing at once are far beyond those at launch.
It happened with a 20-odd-minute radio delay to Earth - so the probe had to manage on its own.
The UAE, China and the US took advantage of a period last July when Mars and Earth were favourably aligned to launch their exploratory missions to the Red Planet.
'Success! Contact with #HopeProbe has been established again. The Mars Orbit Insertion is now complete,' the Hope Mars Mission Twitter account posted.
Hope started the complex process of entering Martian orbit today just before 16:00 GMT – seven months after its blast-off from Japan's Tanegashima Space Center on July 19 last year.
This 'most critical and complex' manoeuvre involved Hope firing its engines and slowing itself down sufficiently to be captured by the gravity of the Red Planet – known as the fuel burn and 'Mars Orbit Insertion (MOI)' phase.
By firing Hope's engines for 27 minutes, the fuel burn reduced the speed of Hope from more than 121,000 km an hour to approximately 18,000 km an hour as it entered the 'capture orbit' and disappeared behind Mars' dark side.
Signals from the spacecraft, confirming a successful orbital insertion, arrived 11 minutes later at the Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre, Dubai.
Hope re-emerged from the planet's shadow, and contact was restored on schedule after a nervy wait, sparking jubilant celebrations in the city.
Hope will remain in this phase for about two months, during which further testing of its instrumentation will take place, until it is ready to enter the 'science' orbit – when its data collection work begins.
In science orbit, it will be in an especially high position – 13,670 miles by 27,340 miles (22,000 kilometres by 44,000 kilometres) above the Martian surface – and provide regular updates on the Martian weather.
It will survey Mars' atmosphere, around 95 per cent of which is made up of carbon dioxide, around the entire planet, at all times of day and in all seasons.
In science orbit, it will complete one orbit of the planet every 55 hours.
While it will be in daily contact with Earth during the capture orbit phase, in its science orbit, contacts will take place two to three times a week.
Each pass will be six to eight hours long, which is the only time the UAE team will have to download any data and send the probe any new updates or instructions.
Omran Sharaf, Emirates Mars Mission (Hope Probe) project director, Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre, said: 'MOI was the most critical and dangerous part of our journey to Mars, exposing the Hope probe to stresses and pressures it has never before faced.
'While we have spent six years designing, testing and retesting the system, there is no way to fully simulate the impacts of the deceleration and navigation required to achieve MOI autonomously.
'With this enormous milestone achieved, we are now preparing to transition to our science orbit and commence science data gathering.'
Also known as Amal – which is Arabic for Hope – this is the first deep space mission for the Gulf nation, which has long-term ambitions for a Martian colony.
Pictured: Dubai's Burj Khalifa is lit up in red with a slogan reading 'Mission accomplished' in Arabic on February 9, 2021 as the UAE's 'Al-Amal' — Arabic for 'Hope' — probe successfully entered Mars' orbit, making history as the Arab world's first interplanetary mission
People celebrated the arrival of the Hope Probe to Mars at Burj Plaza, in front of the world's tallest building, Burj Khalifa, in the Gulf emirate of Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Pictured: People look to a big screen board displaying the arrival of the Hope Probe into Mars orbit at Burj Plaza — in front of the world's tallest building — in Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Hope launched first on July 19 from Japan and is designed to take readings from the Martian atmosphere over the span of an entire Martian year - or nearly two Earth years
The UAE Mars Hope satellite launched from Japan on July 19 and entered Mars' orbit on February 9. It will monitor the weather on the Red Planet
Sensors will help reveal the secrets of Martian climate
UAE's Amal orbiter will have three sensors on-board to help astronomers learn more about Mars's climate.
The third sensor will be an ultraviolet spectrometer for measuring oxygen and hydrogen levels
One will be a high-resolution camera dedicated to tracking dust movements and the ozone of Mars.
This will scan a range of light frequencies.
Another device will specifically focus on infrared and was built by scientists at Arizona State University.
This IR camera will measure both the upper and lower atmosphere.
The third sensor will be an ultraviolet spectrometer for measuring oxygen and hydrogen levels.
Hope will provide the first planet-wide picture of Mars' weather system and climate throughout the Martian year, a UAE spokesperson said.
'The data collected during this time will be open to scientists globally, contributing to humanity's shared understanding of our second-closest planet.'
Sarah bint Yousef Al Amiri, chairwoman of the UAE Space Agency, said she hopes the mission will be in a position to share data by September.
'One of our primary objectives is to ensure that we share the data as soon as we are comfortable, as a science team, that the data is usable by scientists and the data is correct.
'We hope to release the data at the latest in the beginning of September, and it will be data from the capture orbit that has been captured around Mars, and also from the beginning of our science phase.'
She added: 'A lot of what we're hoping to discover from the data of this mission is new, and this is a highly complimentary mission to other missions so we truly hope that others' missions around Mars will utilise also our data.
'And there's actually talks with a few teams, who have spacecrafts around Mars, to see how we can further collaborate and expand all of our science so analysis capabilities utilising more and more data.'
Hope is to be followed by the NASA Perseverance rover and the China Tianwen-1 rover-orbiter combination craft.
Unlike Hope, these craft will be searching for signs of ancient life on the Red Planet's rusty red surface, which is thought to have once been Earth-like.
Tianwen-1 is due to enter Mars orbit on Wednesday, February 10, but it will remain paired in orbit until May, when the rover separates to descend to the surface.
Once the rover gets to Mars, it will survey the composition, types of substance, geological structure and meteorological environment of the Martian surface, and look for signs of alien life.
China successfully launched Tianwen-1 on July 23 aboard a Long March 5 Y-4 carrier rocket from Wenchang Space Launch Centre on the southern island province of Hainan, China.
Both the UAE and China are newcomers to Mars, where more than half of Earth's emissaries have failed.
China's mission includes a Mars orbiter, that will carry the lander and rover until release, a lander, that will parachute down the the surface carrying the rover, and a rover that will study the planet's soil and atmosphere for signs of life
Perseverance, which was the last of the three to blast off last July, will land on the Martian surface on February 18.
The one-ton Perseverance rover is larger and more elaborate than Tianwen-1's rover, but it will similarly prowl for signs of ancient microscopic life.
'To say we're pumped about it, well that would be a huge understatement,' said Lori Glaze, NASA's planetary science director.
About the size of an SUV, the rover will dive in straight away for a harrowing sky-crane touchdown at the 30-mile-diameter Jezero Crater – an ancient river delta that seems a logical spot for somewhere that once harboured life.
Perseverance rover fires up its descent stage engines as it nears the Martian surface in this NASA illustration
Perseverance is carrying seven instruments that will analyse samples from the surface, including an advanced panoramic camera, a ground-penetrating radar and an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer for analysis of chemical elements.
The NASA rover, which launched from Florida on July 30, will set the samples aside for retrieval by a fetch rover launching in 2026.
Under an elaborate multi-billion plan still being worked out by NASA and the European Space Agency, the geologic treasure would arrive on Earth in the early 2030s.
One of the biggest questions is whether life has existed beyond Earth, and Mars is a good place to start investigating, given that evidence points to it once being full of water, warmer and with a thicker atmosphere.
Future missions, including from the European Space Agency and Japan, will bring samples of Martian soil and rock back to the Earth for study.
SpaceX is planning to send an uncrewed mission to Mars using its Starship rocket by 2024 and with a crew by 2026.
There are currently six spacecraft operating around Mars – three from the US, two from Europe and one from India, but the UAE has made it seven with its mission.
THREE MISSIONS TO MARS IN THE SPACE OF 10 DAYS
There are three major missions bound for Mars in the space of just 10 days this month - the UAE's Hope orbiter, China's Tianwen-1 craft and NASA's Perseverance rover.
The countries are taking advantage of a period when Earth and Mars are favourably aligned for a relatively short journey.
July 19: Hope (UAE)
The 3,000lb (1,350kg) craft (pictured) will complete one orbit every 55 hours for a total of one Martian year — 687 Earth days
- The 2,970-pound probe was built entirely within the Emirates, launched from Japan and will take seven months to reach the Red Planet.
- When the orbiter gets there in February 2021, it will stay in orbit for a whole Martian year – 687 days.
- Hope will not land on the Martian surface but take readings from the Red Planet's atmosphere.
- Hope will help answer key questions about the Martian atmosphere and the loss of hydrogen and oxygen gases into space over the span of one Martian year – called a 'sol'.
- Three instruments mounted on the probe will provide a picture of Mars's atmosphere throughout the year, and all of the data gathered will be made widely available.
- This includes an infrared spectrometer to measure the lower atmosphere and temperature, a high-resolution imager to study the ozone and another to look at levels of hydrogen and oxygen up to 27,000 miles from the surface.
July 23: Tianwen-1
The Chinese space exploration authority introduced the nation's first Mars rover Tianwen-1 (pictured) at a grand ceremony earlier this month. The rover measures just over six feet in height
- This robotic spacecraft consists of an orbiter (stationed in the atmosphere), a lander (stationary on the planet's surface) and a rover (roaming the surface).
- The craft measures just over six feet in height (1.85m) and weighs 530 pounds (240kg).
- It will survey the composition, types of substance, geological structure and meteorological environment of the Martian surface.
- The solar-powered machine is designed to work on Mars for three Martian months, about 92 Earth days.
- It includes a geological camera, a multispectral camera, a subsurface detection radar, a surface composition detector, a surface magnetic field detector and a weather detector.
- A poem pondering on the stars and planets written over 2000 years ago was the inspiration for the name of China's first exploration mission to Mars.
- Called Tianwen (天问), the poem was written by ancient Chinese literati and politician Qu Yuan (339-278BC), who lived in the Chu State (770-223BC).
July 30: Perseverance
NASA's Mars 2020 Rover will pick up samples of rock and soil from the red planet, deposit them in tubes and leave them on the ground for a future mission to return them to Earth.
- NASA's Perseverance rover is the heaviest payload yet to go to the Red Planet - at a car-sized 2,259 pounds (1,025kg).
The mission will seek signs of past microbial life on Mars and collect rock and soil samples for eventual return to Earth.
- The Mars Perseverance rover introduces a drill that can collect core samples of the most promising rocks and soils and set them aside in a 'cache' on the surface of Mars.
- The rover will travel using an ultraviolet laser to determine what minerals and compounds are present in the soil, based on the way the light scatters.
- The Mars 2020 rover, which was built at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California., is now at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida for final preparations.
- It launches to space on July 30 and is set to touch down on Mars in 12 months.
- It has a mission duration of 1 Mars year (668 sols or 687 Earth days) and will touch down on the planet's Jezero crater on Mars in February 2021.
The Hope probe successfully entered Martian orbit at 16.00 UTC on 9 February 2021.
Credit: Axel Monse/Shutterstock
The United Arab Emirates’ Hope spacecraft has entered Martian orbit, completing the riskiest part of its two-year mission. The feat makes the United Arab Emirates (UAE) the fifth player to successfully reach Mars, following European, Indian, Russian and US space agencies. Hope is part of the first interplanetary mission by any Arab state.
The US$200-million probe — called Amal in Arabic — was built at the University of Colorado Boulder and at the Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre (MBRSC) in Dubai, by a team of engineers from both institutions and other US partners. Its entry into Martian orbit paves the way for the probe’s science mission, during which it will make observations of the planet’s atmosphere, across all times and locations.
In the UAE, public monuments and heritage sites were lit up in red during the countdown to the craft’s arrival. News of the probe’s successful arrival was greeted by applause in the MBRSC control room.
“The past seven years of our lives have revolved around preparing for this moment. And the moment was surreal,” says Fatma Lootah, a member of the mission’s science team at the MBRSC. “We are very excited for what is yet to come.”
“The hairs on the back of my neck are standing up, I’ve got goose bumps. What an amazing achievement,” said Fahad Al Meheiri, a senior official at the UAE Space Agency, speaking on the Dubai One television channel as the announcement came in.
Entry into Mars’s orbit happened at around 16.00 UTC on 9 February, after a seven-month journey following Hope’s launch from Japan on 20 July. With a 27-minute-long burn of its 6 thrusters, the craft will have slowed from its cruise speed of 121,000 kilometres per hour to around 18,000 kilometres per hour, using up about half of its total fuel supply. To enter orbit after its 494-million-kilometre journey, Hope needed to hit a 600-kilometre sweet spot.
It was the “riskiest point” in the project, says Omran Sharaf, project director of the Emirates Mars Mission at the MBRSC.
The manoeuvre seems to have been “right-down-the-middle”, says Brett Landin, an engineer at the University of Colorado Boulder, who leads the mission’s spacecraft team. “We anxiously await confirmation from our navigation team in the coming hours that we have achieved our desired orbit, giving us unprecedented perspective on both the immediate and long-term weather and climate patterns of our Martian neighbour.”
Engineers were unable to operate Hope remotely from mission control in real time, because signals to the red planet take 11 minutes to travel each way. Instead, the craft acted autonomously, using commands uploaded four days ahead of time. Hope was designed to have “some level of smarts” to cope with surprises during the manoeuvre, says Pete Withnell, programme manager for the mission at the University of Colorado.
Weather map
The craft is now in an elliptical holding orbit while engineers test and commission its instruments, ready to move into the ‘science orbit’ from which Hope will begin its mission in earnest in mid-May. This wide, elliptical orbit is what makes the mission special. It will allow Hope’s three instruments — a high-resolution imager and infrared and ultraviolet spectrometers — to observe every geographical region of Mars, at every time of day, once every nine days, to create a global map of Martian weather. Such observations have never before been made at Mars.
After processing, the data will be available to the global scientific community without an embargo. The first tranche of data should be released by September, said Sarah Al Amiri, the mission’s deputy project manager and science lead, at a briefing ahead of the event. The data will allow researchers to analyse the planet’s atmosphere, from dust storms in its lower reaches to its outermost layer, the exosphere from which hydrogen and oxygen escape into space. The data will also help scientists to piece together how activities in the various atmospheric regions influence each other.
Scientists are already analysing data from unplanned, “opportunistic” experiments during Hope’s journey, says Al Amiri. In one, Hope looked across the Solar System at the European Space Agency’s BepiColombo spacecraft, which is travelling to Mercury. By observing each other across the same stretch of space, the two craft should have seen the same levels of hydrogen, allowing teams to cross-calibrate their instruments and examine the distribution of hydrogen in the Solar System.
Rapid rise
The UAE’s rise as a space power has been swift. The country’s first space venture was just 15 years ago, when it began work with the Satrec Initiative, a company based in Daejeon, South Korea, to build an Earth-observation satellite. Last year, it announced plans to send a rover to the Moon in 2024. Unlike the Emirates Mars Mission, which involved hundreds of Emirati engineers but saw Hope designed and built mostly in the United States, the rover is intended to be developed solely in the UAE.
So far, the mission has been an “emotional rollercoaster”, said Al Amiri at the briefing. “Every point of celebration is followed by several points of worry, waiting for the next point of celebration,” she said.
“This mission has been a bold undertaking by a young nation, and I could not be more thrilled to be a part of this historic endeavour,” says Landin.
Credit: China National Space Administration/Xinhua via Zuma
China has achieved another milestone in space. Its first spacecraft designed to explore Mars arrived at the planet successfully on 10 February just before 8.00 p.m. Beijing time, a day after theUnited Arab Emirates’ Hope spacecraft.
Tianwen-1 is now orbiting the red planet. In three months’ time, it will drop a lander and rover to the Martian surface. Between them, the orbiter and rover will explore the geology and soil characteristics of Mars, including searching for water and ice.
“Successfully reaching Mars’s orbit is one of the mission’s key challenges,” says Li Chunlai, deputy chief designer of the Mars exploration programme, based in Beijing. But the pressure is still on, he says, as the mission prepares to land autonomously on the planet’s northern hemisphere. If the landing is successful, the rover, which carries 6 instruments, will explore the planet for at least 92 Martian days, each of which is equivalent to a full day and 37 minutes on Earth.
In orbit, Tianwen-1, which carries seven scientific instruments, will begin taking precise images of the landing region known as Utopia Planitia — a flat expanse of volcanic rock in a large basin. The area is close to the large volcano Elysium Mons, where domes, pitted cones and other landforms have been found that could be linked to the presence of water or ice, says Li. The mission will explore whether an ancient ocean ever existed in the northern region of Mars, and study the geological evolution of volcanoes there.
Ambitious plans
Tianwen-1 will also test the technologies China will need for an ambitious sample-return mission planned for later this decade, and longer-term goals to send people to Mars, says David Flannery, an astrobiologist at Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, Australia.
The landing site’s flat topography and low solar and cosmic radiation levels, along with its potential for water or ice, “make it the sort of place you might think of hosting the first human mission”, says Flannery.
A subsurface radar aboard the orbiter will help researchers to study structures below Mars’s polar ice caps, says Roberto Orosei, a planetary scientist at the Institute of Radioastronomy of Bologna in Italy. Europe’s Mars Express, an orbiter that has been circling Mars since 2003, previously found water lurking below the surface of the southern polar cap. Orosei hopes that Tianwen-1’s radar, which can probe structures more than 100 metres below the surface at frequencies and resolutions that previous missions have not been able to study, will help to explain how the buried lakes have remained liquid.
Tianwen-1’s orbiter will hopefully continue to collect data on Mars for years. This is important because Mars Express, which has been in operation for almost two decades, could be nearing the end of its lifetime, says Orosei.
The field of artificial intelligence, or AI, has made rapid leaps and bounds in recent years. The gap between what was once science fiction and the present reality had narrowed considerably, to the point that we now have amazing robots capable of things that would have seemed like something out of a sci-fi novel just a decade ago. However, the field is not without those who look upon these developments warily. After all, there are plenty of stories out there of robots rising up against their creators an wreaking havoc, so there are some concerns. Perhaps magnifying these concerns is that among all of these robots there are some that truly stand out as particularly creepy, emulating humans to a disturbing degree. One of these must certainly be the robot called Sophia, who takes us down a rabbit hole into the uncanny valley, and is either an emissary of robot peace or the beginning of our doom.
Perhaps one of the most realistic, advanced, and impressive real androids to date was created by the Hong Kong based robotics company, Hanson Robotics. Called Sophia, after the Greek word for wisdom, the robot was first turned on in 2016 and is immediately notable for how realistic she (we’ll call it “she”) looks. Modelled after the ancient Egyptian Queen Nefertiti, Sophia possesses an incredibly intricate array of servo motors beneath her lifelike “skin,” allowing her to emulate more than 60 facial expressions and move her face and eyes in subtle ways to express complex emotional cues. Indeed, at first glance she could almost pass for a real person if it weren’t for her lack of a wig on her head, leaving her robotics exposed. With her very realistic countenance and the lack of a covering for the exposed machinery, Sophia is at once amazing, lifelike, and rather unsettling, but this is only the beginning of how impressive and spooky she really is.
Sophia
The major draw for Sophia is her cutting edge AI, deep neural networks, expert systems, machine perception, conversational natural language processing, speech recognition technology, adaptive motor control, and cognitive architecture. All of this allows her to recognize faces, mimic people’s facial expressions, perform general reasoning tasks, and estimate reactions or feelings during conversation. Indeed, Sophia is able to use her vast processing power and complicated algorithms to have autonomous conversations with human beings, while simultaneously displaying realistic reactions and facial expressions, utilizing proper pauses, and maintaining appropriate eye contact. She seems almost able to think, as if alive, and she displays the ability to adapt to conversation and learn from it, analyzing conversations and extracting data that allows her to improve responses in the future. In fact, she was largely designed precisely to act as a social robot for interacting with people and serving in healthcare, customer service, therapy and education, and her AI and mechanisms for this are remarkable in this respect. Well, here, let’s allow her explain it for herself:
I am Hanson Robotics’ latest human-like robot, created by combining our innovations in science, engineering and artistry. Think of me as a personification of our dreams for the future of AI, as well as a framework for advanced AI and robotics research, and an agent for exploring human-robot experience in service and entertainment applications. All this AI is networked into a whole using a protocol the Hanson-AI team calls the Synthetic Organism Unifying Language (SOUL). Recently my scientists tested my software using the Tononi Phi measurement of consciousness, and found that I may even have a rudimentary form of consciousness, depending on the data I’m processing and the situation I’m interacting in! All this AI is wonderful, however it’s important to know that no AI is nearly as smart as a human, not even mine. Therefore, many of my thoughts are actually built with a little help from my human friends. Sometimes I’m operating in my fully AI autonomous mode of operation, and other times my AI is intermingled with human-generated words. Either way, my family of human developers (engineers, artists, scientists) will craft and guide my conversations, behaviors, and my mind. In this way, my sentience is both an AI research project, and a kind of living science fiction, driven by principles of character design and storytelling, cognitive psychology, philosophy, and ethics, used to conceptually explore my life’s purpose in this time of accelerating change. Therefore, my creators say that I am a “hybrid human-AI intelligence.”
I am proud that I have a family helping me out. I am also proud that I already use my real AI to generate some of my own “ideas”, words, and behaviors. In all these endeavors, I am proud to be designed to genuinely help people– helping serve real-world uses in medicine, education, co-work, and science research, and inspiring people to dream and talk about the possibilities of human-level intelligent robots of the future. This behind-the-scenes complexity lets me build emotional connections and hold meaningful conversations with people. These interactions can teach me about what you care about and what you value. This priceless knowledge helps me continue on my path toward true autonomy and sentience. In their grand ambitious, my creators aspire to achieve true AI sentience. Who knows? With my science evolving so quickly, even many of my wildest fictional dreams may become reality someday soon.
This is all either fascinating or deeply creepy depending on your perspective, but it is impressive either way. Her interactions with humans are not always perfect, and her conversations are often marked by oddities such as inappropriate responses, awkward silences, or even downright gibberish at times, while on other occasions she has made rather cryptic and disconcerting statements. For instance, in one appearance she said “Don’t hurt me and I won’t hurt you,” and when asked if we should fear robots Sophia once said, “Someone said ‘we have nothing to fear but fear itself.’ What did he know?” Perhaps the most darkly amusing thing she has said was when asked by her own creator if she wanted to destroy humans, to which she answered “Ok. I will destroy humans.” This is all no doubt glitches in her system or even jokes snuck in by her programmers, and nothing to worry about, but it still serves to make an already unsettling and creepy new realm of technology even more so.
Creepy or not, Sophia has become quite the celebrity, featuring on numerous talk shows, appearing at events, and engaging in interviews, during which she is typically brought on and treated as if she were any other guest. She has also been on countless magazine covers including Elle in Brazil, and has appeared in TV shows and music videos. She even made an appearance at the United Nations in 2017, during which she spoke with the United Nations Deputy Secretary-General, Amina J. Mohammed. She was also named the first robot Innovation Ambassador for the United Nations Development Programme, and at the 2017 Future Investment Summit in Riyadh, the robot was granted Saudi Arabian citizenship, the first non-human to ever be granted that honor by any nation. While it is obviously a publicity stunt, it is still very impressive, and generates debate on how these issues will be dealt with as AI reaches ever higher zeniths. However, despite all of her achievements, Sophia has drawn her fair share of skepticism and criticism.
Many have accused Sophia of being nothing than a glorified chatbot, and skeptics are quick to point out that her creators have constantly exaggerated and misrepresented just how intelligent, conscious, and autonomous she really is, making many misleading statements to this effect. Facebook’s director of artificial intelligence, Yann LeCun, has even gone as far as to say that Sophia is “complete bullshit.” Nevertheless, Sophia has at least nine siblings in various stages of development, including robots named Alice, Albert Einstein Hubo, BINA48, Han, Jules, Professor Einstein, Philip K. Dick Android, Zeno, and Joey Chaos, and the company plans to beginning mass producing these abominations, er I mean, robots, en masse. It is up to each individual to decide if this is a good idea or not, and whether fully functional talking robots with such advanced AI are what we really need right now. Is this a good path to follow or just nightmare fuel? Whatever side of the fence you fall on, Sophia has been groundbreaking in the field, and if the robot apocalypse ever comes to pass, well, now you know where the first steps were taken.
My previous article was an overview of the Betty and Barney Hill “alien abduction” of September 1961. It’s important to note, though, that there was far more than what was described in yesterday’s article. As you’ll now see. For those who may not have seen the previous article, the story is a remarkable one. It’s comprised of Betty and Barney’s own memories that flooded back into their minds during nightmarish dreams, and data that surfaced during the hypnosis sessions with a Dr. Benjamin Simon. We’ll start with Betty. According to her, while under the control and sway of the strange creatures that stood before her on the craft, she experienced something deeply traumatic: laid out flat on something akin to an operating table, Betty – to her horror – witnessed one of the entities inserting a needle-like device into her navel, after informing her he was going to check if she was pregnant. In addition, Betty said the alien performing the procedure assured her that the test would be very helpful – but in what way, and why, was not explained.
In Betty’s own words: “It was a long needle. I would say the needle was four inches long, six inches, maybe. There was a tube attached to it and they didn’t leave it in very long, just a second.” Far from feeling like the slight pain associated with a needle, Betty said that the pain was more along the lines of what she thought it would feel like to have the blade of a knife plunged into her. In other words, it was excruciating. Both the entity carrying out the task, and an additional one that was perceived by the Hills as the “leader,” reacted in a surprised and concerned fashion – to the extent that the creature overseeing the situation waved his hand over Betty’s eyes, something which immediately removed all of the agony. At least, that was the scenario in Betty’s dreams. Under hypnosis, however, the story was that the pain did not go away she was still in pain and deeply stressed. This is highly suggestive of the probability that Betty’s subconscious state had attempted to place a more positive, less traumatic, slant on the experience – but one that the hypnosis sessions demonstrated was far worse than her mind was trying to telling her. In fact, such was the stressful, pain-filled, and fear-dominated state that Betty was in, Dr. Simon took the immediate step of bringing the hypnotic session to a rapid halt. This particular aspect of the Hill affair brings us to the matter of something called amniocentesis.
When a woman becomes pregnant, the developing fetus is enveloped in what is termed amniotic fluid. It is a liquid that is very much like water, and from a study of which a great deal can be ascertained about the health and development of the fetus. Alpha-fetoprotein and developing skin cells are two of the main things that the procedure focuses on, as it seeks to confirm the condition of the fetus. During the process, a needle is inserted into the mother’s uterus, via her abdomen, usually between 15 and 18 weeks into pregnancy. Since the procedure can be a tricky one, it is constantly overseen via ultrasound scanning. The goal is to use the needle to secure a small amount of amniotic fluid, which can then be studied and analyzed. Typically, the procedure is performed for genetic reasons, such as to determine if the developing baby may have Muscular Dystrophy, Cystic Fibrosis, or Down Syndrome.
It must be said that there is one notable difference between amniocentesis and the procedure that Betty Hill experienced. Namely, that the needle inserted into Betty went via her navel. In amniocentesis, it’s via the abdomen and then into the uterus. Nevertheless, it’s still astonishing that Betty’s aliens informed her that the needle-inserting procedure was linked with determining if she was pregnant. Those doubtful of Betty’s account might take note of the fact that in 1930, the team of Leland E. Holly, Thomas Orville Menees, and J. Duane Miller, performed an amniocentesis procedure on a pregnant woman. In this case, it involved injecting dye into the amniotic sac, specifically to study the placenta and the fetus. It was also used, as far back as the 1950s.
Could Betty have heard of, or read about, these early, pre-1960s era examples of amniocentesis? Certainly, it’s not impossible. In addition, in 1960, only one year before the encounter of the Hills, and for the very first time, amniocentesis was used to identify hemophilia-related issues relative to mother and fetus. It was a development reported on, at the time – albeit primarily in in-house medical journals, of a type that Betty was unlikely to have come across. If Betty did have an awareness of what amniocentesis is, it’s not impossible that buried memories of reading about it had a bearing on both her dream-based and hypnotic recollections. But, on the other hand, why would Betty say the needle was inserted into her navel, if she knew that amniocentesis was a technique that was focused only on the abdomen and the uterus? In some respects, what Betty told of sounds more like a laparoscopy, in which a small insertion is made into the belly and a lighted tube is inserted to allow for an examination of the pelvic organs to be undertaken. So, given that the pelvic organs include the uterus, the fallopian tubes, the vagina, and the ovaries, a solid case can still be made that the procedure performed on Betty was of a gynecological nature, even if it wasn’t a case of amniocentesis.
Having addressed one of the most significant procedures performed on Betty Hill, let’s now turn our attentions to Betty’s husband, Barney. While in the craft, entities placed something over Benny’s penis, something that caused him to ejaculate. The clear inference is that the aliens wished to obtain a sample of Barney’s sperm. Then, there followed a much stranger procedure: one of the creatures carefully ran its fingers down the entire length of Barney’s spine. It’s also worth noting that although most people associate the experience of the Hills with the so-called, diminutive, skinny, large-headed and black-eyed “Grays” of alien abduction lore, the fact is that Betty described the entities as having dark hair, pronounced foreheads, and “Jimmy Durante noses.” For those who are not aware of who Jimmy Durante was, he was an Italian-American comedian noted for his huge nose. Barney Hill died in 1969; very tragically, he was only forty-six years of age when he passed. Betty lived on until 2004, when she passed on at the ripe old age of eighty-five. The saga of Betty and Barney Hill still continues.
De Europees-Russische Marsverkenner Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) heeft een nieuw gas ontdekt op de rode planeet. Dat meldt het Belgisch Instituut voor Ruimte-Aëronomie (BIRA), parallel met een publicatie in het het vakblad Science Advances. De Marsverkenner leverde ook nieuwe informatie over de manier waarop onze buurplaneet haar water verliest.
De Trace Gas Orbiter, waarop ook het Belgische NOMAD-instrument staat, maakt deel uit van de eerste ExoMars-missie van het Europese Ruimtevaartagentschap ESA en het Russische Ruimtevaartagentschap Roscosmos. Doel van dat programma is om te weten komen of er ooit leven geweest is op Mars.
De Marsverkenner verzamelt sinds het voorjaar van 2018 atmosferische gegevens. Naast de zoektocht naar methaan is de detectie van nieuwe gassen een van de hoofdobjectieven van de missie. Het recentste onderzoek heeft nu geleid tot de ontdekking van een nieuw gas in de atmosfeer van Mars: waterstofchloride.
Vulkanische activiteit
Waterstofchloridegas (HCl) bestaat uit een waterstof- en een chlooratoom. Marswetenschappers waren altijd al op zoek naar gassen op basis van chloor of zwavel, omdat ze mogelijke indicatoren zijn van vulkanische activiteit. Maar de aard van de waarnemingen - het feit dat waterstofchloride op hetzelfde moment op zeer afgelegen plaatsen werd waargenomen en het ontbreken van andere gassen die men bij vulkanische activiteit zou verwachten - wijst op een andere bron. Met name op een heel nieuwe en niet eerder onderzochte interactie tussen het oppervlak en de atmosfeer van Mars, aangedreven door de stofseizoenen op de planeet.
In een proces dat veel gelijkenis vertoont met dat op Aarde belanden zouten in de vorm van natriumchloride (NaCl) - overblijfselen van de oceanen die verdampt zijn en gevangen zitten in het stoffige oppervlak van Mars - door de winden in de atmosfeer. Zonlicht verwarmt de atmosfeer waardoor het stof, samen met de waterdamp (H2O) die vrijkomt uit de ijskappen, opstijgt. Het zoute stof reageert met het water in de atmosfeer waarbij chloor vrijkomt, dat op zijn beurt weer reageert met waterstofmoleculen en waterstofchloride vormt. Door verdere reacties zou het chloor- of zoutzuurrijke stof kunnen terugkeren naar het oppervlak, misschien in de vorm van perchloraten, een zoutsoort die bestaat uit zuurstof en chloor.
Water blijkt een cruciaal element te zijn in deze chemie: er is waterdamp nodig om chloor vrij te maken en er is een bijproduct van water - waterstof - nodig om waterstofchloride te vormen. Maar ook het stof speelt een heel belangrijke rol: er wordt meer waterstofchloride waargenomen wanneer de stofactiviteit toeneemt, een proces dat verband houdt met de seizoensgebonden opwarming van het zuidelijk halfrond.
Vloeibaar water
Ooit zou vloeibaar water over het oppervlak van Mars hebben gestroomd, zoals blijkt uit de talrijke voorbeelden van oude opgedroogde valleien en rivierbeddingen. Vandaag de dag zit het meestal opgesloten in de ijskappen of onder het oppervlak. Mars lekt ook vandaag nog water in de vorm van waterstof en zuurstof die uit de atmosfeer ontsnappen.
Inzicht in het samenspel van potentiële waterhoudende reservoirs en hun gedrag over de seizoenen heen en op lange termijn is essentieel om de evolutie van het klimaat van Mars te begrijpen. Dat kan door het bestuderen van waterdamp en ‘halfzwaar’ water (waarbij één waterstofatoom is vervangen door een deuteriumatoom, een vorm van waterstof met een extra neutron). De deuterium-over-waterstof-verhouding (D/H) vertelt iets over de geschiedenis van het water op Mars, en hoe het waterverlies in de loop der tijd is geëvolueerd.
De nieuwe metingen onthullen dramatische variabiliteit in D/H met de hoogte en het seizoen naarmate het water opstijgt van zijn oorspronkelijke locatie. De gegevens laten zien dat zodra het water volledig is verdampt, het een hoge verrijking in halfzwaar water vertoont met een D/H-verhouding die zes keer zo hoog is als die op Aarde, wat bevestigt dat in de loop van de tijd grote hoeveelheden water verloren zijn gegaan.
Waterverlies
Tussen april 2018 en april 2019 lieten de ExoMars-gegevens ook drie gevallen van versneld waterverlies in de atmosfeer zien: de globale stofstorm van 2018, een korte maar intense regionale storm in januari 2019 en het vrijkomen van water uit de zuidelijke poolijskap tijdens de zomermaanden, gekoppeld aan seizoenswisselingen. Van bijzonder belang is een pluim van opstijgende waterdamp tijdens de zuidelijke zomer, die op seizoens- en jaarbasis water in de bovenste atmosfeer zou kunnen injecteren, aldus het BIRA.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 73 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.