Time and again, discoveries emerge that challenge our understanding of human history, yet mainstream institutions often ignore or dismiss them. Case in point: Gunung Padang in Indonesia and Göbekli Tepe in Turkey. 

Gunung Padang, a massive megalithic structure in West Java, sits atop an extinct volcano. New research suggests it could be the world’s oldest pyramid, dating back 25,000 to 14,000 years ago, deep into the last Ice Age. 

If accurate, this would place it tens of thousands of years before the Egyptian pyramids and older than Göbekli Tepe, the 12,000-year-old site in Turkey already known for defying conventional history. 

Advanced scanning has revealed multiple layers of construction, some possibly as old as 27,000 years, with underground chambers still largely unexplored. And yet, despite the groundbreaking implications, Gunung Padang remains shrouded in silence. 

Excavations have slowed. Access is restricted. Even more oddly, global policy organizations like the World Economic Forum’s “Global Shapers” have ties to site oversight. Why would an economic think tank be involved in an ancient archaeological dig? 

The mystery runs deeper than stone. It touches on power, control, and narrative. 

If humanity was building advanced structures during or before the Ice Age—long before agriculture, it rewrites everything we think we know: Who we are - Where we come from - What we’re truly capable of. 

Accepting this would force a total overhaul of textbooks, academic models, and career-long assumptions. Institutions resist this not out of malice, but self-preservation. 

There’s a deeper reason: that certain knowledge is intentionally suppressed, to maintain control, avoid disruption, and keep ancient technologies hidden. 

Because if ancient civilizations, eventually with the help of advanced extraterrestrial races, once building advanced structures, achieved clean energy, global cooperation, or cosmic insight and then lost it, we’re not the pinnacle of progress. 

If knowledge is power, then controlling history is the ultimate power, keeping us in the dark about our origins, like a civilization suffering from amnesia.

  

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10-04-2025 om 14:39 geschreven door peter  

• READ MORE: Scientists perform world's first de-extinction to revive the dire wolf

By JONATHAN CHADWICK FOR MAILONLINE 

They were last alive around 13,000 years ago, when the Americas were lush lands of forested mountains, open grasslands and sunny plains. 

But scientists now claim to have resurrected the dire wolf (Aenocyon dirus), the extinct canine depicted in the HBO hit series Game of Thrones. 

Adorable photos show three pups – named Romulus, Remus and Khaleesi – brought to life by Colossal Biosciences, a genetic engineering company based in Texas.

Impressively, the firm extracted DNA from fossilized dire wolf remains, which was combined with the genetic code of a grey wolf, its smaller living relative. 

Although the wolves are being kept in captivity, experts warn that releasing them into the world could have disastrous consequences. 

Nic Rawlence, a paleontologist at the University of Otago, compared the Colossal Biosciences' ambitious efforts with sci-fi classic Jurassic Park. 

'If released into the wild in large enough numbers to establish a self-sustaining population, this new wolf could potentially take down prey larger than that hunted by grey wolves,' he told MailOnline.

'There would also be the potential for increased human and wolf conflict. This sort of conflict is increasing as wolf populations recover in the USA.'

Texas company Colossal Biosciences said on Monday its researchers had used cloning and gene-editing based on two ancient samples of dire wolf DNA to birth three modern dire wolf pups 

Scientists have announced the world's first de-extinction of an animal species, reintroducing the dire wolf back into the environment

Colossal Biosciences, a genetic engineering company, birthed three dire wolves, naming them Romulus (right), Remus (left) and Khaleesi in honor of the legendary creature made famous from the HBO hit series Game of Thrones

When they last roamed the Earth, dire wolves were about six feet in length and weighed 150 pounds – about the same as an adult human and 25 per cent bigger than the average grey wolf.

Professor Philip Seddon, a zoologist at the University of Otago, stressed that the genetically modified wolves are 'big carnivores'. 

'If they were roaming around they would survive by hunting other mammals,' Professor Seddon told MailOnline. 

'Wolves are universally not loved, and wolf reintroduction have been contentious – ask livestock farmers – so maybe genetically modifying grey wolves to make them bigger is not a great idea for rewilding.

'Fortunately, the plan is to keep them in a big enclosure and feed them meat.' 

Michael Knapp, associate professor at the University of Otago's department of anatomy, thinks they are about as dangerous as the grey wolves they derive from. 

The grey wolf is still spread across mainland Europe in countries where they were not driven to extinction – including Sweden, Germany and Spain. 

In rare cases, grey wolves have been known to attack humans, but there has been a handful of fatal wolf attacks on humans in recent history. 

The wolves are thriving on a more than 2,000-acre secure expansive ecological preserve in the US. Pictured, Romulus and Remus at age three months

A fossil dire wolf skeleton from the Pleistocene of North America on public display at Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Hays, Kansas

Between 2002 and 2020, there were 26 fatal wolf attacks on humans globally, most of which (12) were in Turkey, according to a report by the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research. 

Fortunately, wolves are generally shy and elusive animals that avoid human contact, but if released into the wild, their ecological impact – meaning what they would do to their surrounding environment – is 'hard to predict', according to Professor Knapp.

'If they were released in an area where other wolf species have become rare, they may even have a beneficial effect on the ecosystem,' Professor Knapp said. 

According to the experts, these new canines are not truly an extinct species back from the dead, but are just 'genetically engineered grey wolves'.

'What Colossal Biosciences have produced is a grey wolf with dire wolf-like characteristics – this is not a de-extincted dire wolf, rather it’s a hybrid,' Professor Rawlence said. 

'As such if these genetically engineered grey wolves interbred with other wild wolves, then there could be unintended consequences as these dire wolf-like characteristics spread throughout wild wolf populations.'

If the cubs were ever released, Professor Rawlence questioned how they would 'learn to be a dire wolf' as the ecosystem the ancient species once lived in no longer exists.

'It’s the classic thing out of the first Jurassic Park movie, where the Triceratops get very sick because it was eating plants that hadn’t actually evolved when it was around tens of millions of years ago,' he said.

The muscular build, powerful jaws, and sharp teeth of dire wolves made them menacing predators, according to National Park Service. Pictured, artist's depiction of the dire wolf

Restoration of a pack in Rancho La Brea. Scientists aren't exactly sure why they disappeared from the planet, but theories include a shifting climate, overhunting or a combination of both

Professor Philip Seddon agreed that the 'dire wolf de-extinction is not what it seems'.

'While no doubt it has required some amazing technological breakthroughs, the cute pups Romulus, Remus, and Khaleesi are not dire wolfs – they are genetically modified grey wolves,' he said. 

'What Colossal has done is to introduce a small number of changes to the genetic material of a grey wolf to produce grey wolf pups with dire wolf features such as pale coats and potentially slightly larger size – so, hybrid grey wolves, or a GMO wolf.'

Colossal Biosciences made headlines last month when it created a 'woolly mouse' by engineering rodents to grow thick, warm coats using mammoth DNA.

However, the company's ultimate goal is bringing the woolly mammoth back from the dead, which it plans on reviving by late 2028. 

CEO and co-founder Ben Lamm said he's 'positive' the first woolly mammoth calves will be born in the next few years.

'Our recent successes in creating the technologies necessary for our end-to-end de-extinction toolkit have been met with enthusiasm by the investor community,' he said.

But Colossal Biosciences isn't stopping there – it also wants to bring back the Tasmanian tiger and the dodo, which was hunted to death in the 17th century. 

'The dodo is a prime example of a species that became extinct because we – people – made it impossible for them to survive in their native habitat,' said Professor Beth Shapiro, lead paleogeneticist at the company. 

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09-04-2025 om 23:31 geschreven door peter  

EXCLUSIVE - Mysterious Mars structures discovered by NASA 'prove there was life on the Red Planet'

• READ MORE:  Former CIA agent claims to have evidence that Martians were real

By ELLYN LAPOINTE FOR DAILYMAIL.COM

The surface of Mars looks like an empty red wasteland. But if you look a bit closer, the remnants of an ancient alien civilization begin to take shape.

At least, that's the conclusion of George J. Haas, the founder and premier investigator of the Mars research group known as The Cydonia Institute.

In his new book, 'The Great Architects of Mars,' Haas analyzed dozens of photos of structures on the Martian surface that he is sure are man-made.

Those include pyramids, a keyhole-shaped formation and even one that looks like a parrot. 

According to the author, these formations may be the remnants of once-magnificent cities, towering pyramids, gigantic geoglyphs and more. 

Geometry, Haas said, is the marker of civilization. He has spent more than 30 years meticulously studying NASA images of the Martian surface to look for geometric features and patterns that can't be explained by nature alone. 

As a formally trained artist, Haas has an eye for deciphering the subtle differences between a natural formation and an object that was intentionally crafted.

'You don't have to be a geologist to know the difference between a rock and a sculpture — something that's geometric,' he told DailyMail.com. 

The 'keyhole' structure on the surface of Mars consists of two main parts: a wedge-shaped formation and an attached circular dome

However, scientists have said Haas' claims are a result of 'pareidolia,' a common brain phenomenon in which a person sees faces in random images or patterns.

'Sometimes we see faces that aren't really there,' explained Robin Kramer, Senior Lecturer in the School of Psychology, at University of Lincoln, in an article for The Conversation.

'You may be looking at the front of a car or a burnt piece of toast when you notice a face-like pattern.

'This is called face pareidolia and is a mistake made by the brain's face detection system.'

Even so, Haas is sure that the structures in the images prove there is life on Mars. 

1. The keyhole 

In 2011, NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) spacecraft snapped a photo of a bizarre formation on the surface of Libya Montes, an area of high-elevation on Mars.

The raised structure consists of two main parts: a wedge-shaped formation and an attached circular dome. Together, they resemble an enormous exclamation mark. 

The Mars keyhole structure bears resemblance to the Kofun Tomb in Japan (pictured)

'Traditionally, the basic shape of a conjoined wedge and dome formation are commonly referred to as a keyhole,' Haas wrote.

In 2013, the 'exquisite' geometry of this strange landform captured his attention. 

Three years later, Haas and several colleagues published a formal analysis of the keyhole in the Journal of Space Exploration, concluding that its geometry and symmetry suggest it could have been intelligently built. 

Without considering that possibility, 'there's no way you can explain that keyhole formation,' Haas said.

'While there are known geological mechanisms that are capable of creating and destroying the individual angles and planes presented in this formation, the natural creation of two opposing geometrically designed formations seems to go well beyond the probability of chance,' the author explained.

Haas also pointed out the keyhole's similarity to monuments constructed by New World, Middle Eastern, and Japanese cultures, such as the Kofun Tomb in Japan. 

2. Parrot geoglyph 

The parrot geoglyph has 22 points of anatomical correctness, according to Haas

A sketch of the parrot geoglyphs' shape 

In 2002, independent researcher Wilmer Faust noticed an odd shape captured in a Mars Global Surveyor image of the large-impact crater known as Argyre Basin. 

He showed the image to Haas and his colleagues at The Cydonia Institute, highlighting features throughout the area's topography that looked like a head with an eye and beak, a mound-shaped body, a leg and foot, and an extended wing with feathers.

In his new book, 'The Great Architects of Mars,' George J. Haas analyzed dozens of photos of structures on the Martian surface that appear to be man-made

'After seeing the image, I immediately saw the parrot formation,' Haas noted. 

This bizarre structure has since become known as the 'parrot geoglyph,' or 'Parrotopia.' 

A geoglyph is a large design or image made on the ground using stones, gravel, mounds of earth or other natural objects.  

The human brain tends to look for familiar patterns in abstract shapes, like when you see a face in the clouds. But the parrot geoglyph is different.

'[Cloud shapes] are usually just silhouettes,' Haas explained. 'They don't have a lot of secondary or tertiary detail. There's no eyes, there's no irises, there's no eyelids, there's no eyebrows... That's what we have with the parrot.'

'It's got 22 points of anatomical correctness... It's a sculpture, it's a work of art,' Haas contended. Five different veterinarians, including an avian specialist, confirmed the lifelike anatomy of this Martian structure, the author added.

Geoglyphs can be found in many different locations on Earth, such as Peru, Israel, England, Australia, and even in the US.

However, Haas wrote that there are no geoglyphs anywhere on Earth which match the fine detail of the parrot on Mars.

3. The Sagan pyramids

The Sagan pyramids are three-sided pyramids located on Mars that caught the attention of famed astronomer Carl Sagan in the 1970s 

While gathering information about Mars' atmosphere and mapping the planet's surface in 1972, NASA's Mariner 9 spacecraft captured an image of anomalous formations in the Elysium area — the second largest volcanic region on the planet. 

These triangular, three-sided pyramids stood out amid steep-sided volcanic cones and impact craters. At an average height of more than 3,200 feet and a width of nearly 10,000 feet, they would dwarf even the largest pyramids on Earth.

George J. Haas is the founder and premier investigator of the Mars research group known as The Cydonia Institute, and the author of 'The Great Architects of Mars'

The pyramids caught the attention of renowned astronomer Carl Sagan, who speculated that they might have been made by high winds and harsh sand blasting large mounds of rock and dirt into pyramid shapes. 

But even the late astronomer acknowledged that scientists would need to observe these formations up close to actually determine what they are and how they were made.

While Haas does not rule out Sagan's explanation, he thinks it's possible that these pyramids were built by intelligent beings, and notes that there is some evidence to suggest this region of Mars could have supported ancient life.

'Recent data suggests that volcanic activity may have occurred as recently as 53,000 years ago, creating an environment that was suitable for supporting life,' Haas said. 'Water had also left its mark on the region in the form of riverbeds and canyons.'

What's more, Haas argued that natural pyramid formations tend to be cone-shaped and lack similarly-sized faces. 

And while three-sided pyramids are very rare on Earth, they do exist. One of them lies just 65 miles north of Las Vegas, Nevada in the top secret military base known as Area 51. This pyramid is part of the Big Explosives Experimental Facility at the Nevada National Security Site.

'I believe it is fair to say that this triangular formation looks a lot like the three-sided pyramid that Sagan saw in the original Mariner 9 images,' Haas noted.

4. The Martian Atlantis Complex

A detailed view of the Martian Atlantis Complex

The Martian Atlantis Complex resembles the city of Al-Ula in Saudi Arabia (pictured)

The Atlantis Chaos region of Mars, located in the planet's southern hemisphere, is characterized by areas of blocky, steep-sided mesas interspersed with deep valleys.

Scientists generally believe this terrain resulted from the slow erosion of a once-continuous solid plateau, according to the European Space Agency (ESA). 

But in 2019, Greg Orme of the Society for Planetary SETI Research pointed out that part of the Atlantis Chaos region captured in a NASA image contained the remains of a 'tightly-knit grid of cellular formations.'

Then, independent researcher Javed Raza took a closer look at the image and began highlighting linear formations that appeared to be part of a 'massive city-like complex.'

'Raza suggested that the arrangements of these evenly spaced foundations with broken walls and towers are typical of the kind of remains one would see in built-up areas on Earth,' Haas wrote.

Further analysis revealed that the entire 'city complex' can be divided into two distinct 'twin' cities, one Eastern and the other Western. 

The cubic grid design of the Eastern City resembles the remains of mudbrick and stone adobe houses built throughout the midwestern US and at Al-Ula in Saudi Arabia — a once-bustling city that became largely unoccupied in the 1980s. 

The Western City also shares similarities with another terrestrial metropolis: Berlin. Specifically, a small section of this Martian terrain resembles a bombed-out area of the German city during World War II.

5. The starburst structure 

The starburst structure on the surface of Mars

The starburst structure is roughly the same shape as Fort Henry in Tennessee (pictured)

While studying ESA images of the Nepenthes Mensae region of Mars, a rugged, flat-topped plateau in the planet's eastern hemisphere, an odd-shaped formation caught Haas' eye. 

The raised patch of land resembled an irregular star shape 'with five radiating arms that stretch out like a giant starfish.'

'There is a large mound positioned at its northernmost point and three smaller mounds of various sizes located at its center. The formation projects so much energy in its shape and design that I have titled it Starburst,' Haas said.

The author believes the Starburst bears strong resemblance to a star fort with triangular bastions at each corner, which were commonly found in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries, and in America during colonization and the Civil War period. 

'Many of these star-shaped fortifications included interior buildings and had raised platforms within their main structure allowing military fire over the main ramparts,' he explained.

The Starburst looks especially similar to Fort Henry, which was built on the eastern bank of the Tennessee River in 1861 to defend the river and the critical railroad route between Bowling Green, Kentucky, and Memphis, Tennessee.

'When Fort Henry is compared to the Starburst structure found on Mars their common polygonal star design is remarkably similar,' Haas continued.

'Notice the various sizes and shapes of the extending bastions of Fort Henry and its truncated star point at the tip. It is this truncated section of Fort Henry that looks very similar to the blunted star point observed on the Starburst structure on Mars.'

Uncovering a lost alien civilization

Haas' work raises intriguing questions about how certain structures on the Martian surface came to be.

But in order to confirm his theory that these formations are the remnants of an ancient alien civilization, scientists would need to take a much closer look. 

Although humans have never stepped foot on the Red Planet before, that could become a reality within the next decade. 

'Elon [Musk] wants to go there next year,' Haas said. Indeed, the SpaceX Chief Executive has set an ambitious goal of launching the first uncrewed Starship mission to Mars in 2026, and hopes to send astronauts there by 2029.

Haas hopes that once humanity establishes a presence on the Red Planet, scientists can actually begin investigating some of these unusual structures to learn how they formed — or were built. 

'Mars is just going to be a treasure trove of technology and all kinds of information,' he told DailyMail.com.

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09-04-2025 om 23:03 geschreven door peter  

• READ MORE:  'Synthetic human' robot twitches and spams into LIFE 

By WILIAM HUNTER

If you thought robot dogs were the coolest animatronic animals out there, prepare to think again.

Kawasaki Heavy Industries, a company better known for its high-end motorcycles, has unveiled a hydrogen-powered, ride-on robo-horse.

The bizarre device was unveiled at the Osaka Kansai Expo on April 4 as part of Kawasaki's 'Impulse to Move' project.

Dubbed the CORLEO, this two-seater quadruped is capable of galloping over almost any terrain.

The company calls it a 'revolutionary off-road personal mobility vehicle' which swaps out the familiar wheels for four robotic legs.

To steer, all you need to do is move your body and the machine's AI vision will pick out the best route to take.

And, to make sure you don't fly off as you leap about like a robot cowboy, CORLEO constantly monitors its rider's movements to achieve 'a reassuring sense of unity'.

However, would-be riders might have a while to wait as Kawasaki says this has been created as a concept for 2050. 

Kawasaki, a company better known for its high-end motorcycles, has unveiled a hydrogen-powered, ride-on robotic horse

Kawasaki says the vehicle, dubbed CORLEO, is a 'revolutionary off-road personal mobility vehicle' which swaps out the familiar wheels for four robotic legs

Like many advanced robots, the CORLEO clearly takes its design inspiration from organisms in nature.

Each of its four legs ends in a 'left-right divided structure' much like the cloven hoof of a mountain goat.

Kawasaki says: 'These hooves can adapt to various terrains, including grasslands, rocky areas, and rubble fields.'

Likewise, each of the back legs hinges forward like those of a wolf or horse rather than the backwards-facing legs of the Boston Dynamics robot dog, Spot.

The company adds that each of these rear legs can 'swing up and down independently from the front leg unit' to better absorb the impact of running.

Additionally, those long back legs will help the rider stay relatively level when CORLEO is going up or down a slope.

Much like a real horse, this quadruped vehicle features 'stirrups' to help the rider maintain an optimal posture.

Together with sensors fitted in the handlebars, Kawasaki says the rider will be able to control CORLEO just by shifting their weight.

To steer the machine, all the rider needs to do is lean and CORLEO will detect their weight and adjust its path automatically 

Taking inspiration from nature, CORLEO has back legs specially designed to absorb the impact of walking and running and rubber cloven hooves like those on a goat 

However, CORLEO is also fitted with a few features that you wouldn't find anywhere in nature.

Most notable is the 150cc hydrogen generator that powers the vehicle.

This system takes hydrogen from tanks in the rear to produce electricity for each of the legs' drive systems.

Unlike a real horse, this means the only waste CORLEO will leave on the roads will be clean water produced by burning hydrogen.

Additionally, the vehicle is fitted with an instrument panel which displays 'hydrogen level, route to the summit, center of gravity position, and other information'.

Kawasaki adds: 'At night, it supports optimal riding by projecting markers onto the road surface to indicate the path ahead.'

In an incredible promotional video, the CORLEO can be seen leaping over rugged terrain with a rider.

It appears that Kawasaki intends this to be a true all-purpose off-road machine as they show the vehicle taking on everything from mountains to grassy plains.

On social media, technology fans were amazed by the futuristic design with one saying that it was like something out of a 'scifi movie'

One commenter said they wanted to live in a future where technology like CORLEO was a reality 

Another excited commenter said the vehicle was 'what true innovation looks like'

One fan said that CORLEO would be 'life changing' for them as someone in a wheelchair, allowing them to visit nature more easily 

On social media, tech fans rushed to share their excitement over this futuristic concept.

One excited commenter wrote: 'Now that's something straight out of a scifi movie'.

Another chimed in: 'Please make it! I want to live in a future with this! It looks so fun!'

'This is what true innovation looks like. Well done,' added another.

Meanwhile, other commenters shared their vision for how CORLEO might be able to change their lives.

One commenter wrote: 'I am a disabled person using a wheelchair. It is difficult for me to be able to visit nature and I have been thinking of this technology for years.

'This can be life changing for me to be able to be again in the mountains or in forests!'  

However, the impressive mobility showcased in the video is still a long way off from the current reality.

At night, CORLEO projects the directions onto the road ahead to make navigation easy 

Unfortunately, CORLEO is currently just a concept vehicle and Kawasaki doesn't say if it has plans to ever make it commercially available 

Not every commenter was so pleased, and some were angry that the video only showed  a CGI rendering of CORLEO 

Another complained that people couldn't tell the video was only showcasing a concept rather than a real product 

That left some technology enthusiasts fuming that this amazing vehicle may never really exist.

One commenter wrote: When you have a non-CG [computer generated] video of it doing this, I'll sign up for the pre-order.'

While another added: 'It's crazy how many people can't tell this isn't real.'

The company has created a prototype which they showed off at the Osaka Kansai Expo.

However, that version could do little more than stand and pose and is yet to be seen walking.

CORLEO is primarily a concept vehicle, and it isn't clear if Kawasaki ever really intends to produce a commercially available version.

'Spot is a small four-legged robot that comrtably fits in an office or home' the firm says on its website.fo

It weighs 25 kg (55 lb), or 30 kg (66 lb) when you include the robotic arm.

Spot is all-electric and can go for about 90 minutes on a charge, depending on what it is doing, the firm says, boasting 'Spot is the quietest robot we have built.' 

Spot was first unveiled in 2016, and a previous version of the mini version of spot with a strange extendable neck has been shown off helping around the house. 

In the firm's previous video, the robot is shown walking out of the firm's HQ and into what appears to be a home.

There, it helps load a dishwasher and carries a can to the trash.

It also at one point encounters a dropped banana skin and falls dramatically - but uses its extendable neck to push itself back up. 

'Spot is one of the quietest robots we have ever built, the firm says, due to its electric motors.

'It has a variety of sensors, including depth cameras, a solid state gyro (IMU) and proprioception sensors in the limbs. 

'These sensors help with navigation and mobile manipulation. 

'Spot performs some tasks autonomously, but often uses a human for high-level guidance.' 

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09-04-2025 om 22:42 geschreven door peter  

• READ MORE:  Has Noah's Ark been found? It may be buried in Turkey 

By ELLYN LAPOINTE and STACY LIBERATORE FOR DAILYMAIL.COM

An AI video based on a famous religious artifact has revealed what Christ may have looked like.

The Shroud of Turin is an ancient cloth which many Christians believe was used to wrap Jesus' mutilated body after he died on the cross. 

Photos of the cloth were fed into Midjourney, an AI image generator, which then produced a lifelike image and video of Christ blinking, smiling and praying as he may have once did before the crucifixion around 33AD.

The clip was posted on X, where users have called being touted as 'the true face of Jesus.'

However, others have pointed out that the technology made Jesus appear white when he would have been Middle Eastern with a darker complexion.

'Impossible, because he looks like me and I'm Norwegian,' an X user commented on the post. 

Dr Meredith Warren, senior lecturer on Biblical and religious studies at Sheffield University, previously told DailyMail.com that while Jesus is widely portrayed as Caucasian, he 'would have had brown skin, brown eyes, like the local population.'

Dr Warren thinks the best representations of how Jesus might have looked come from the Egyptian mummy portraits.

An AI video based on a famous religious artifact has revealed what Christ may have looked like. The Shroud of Turin is an ancient cloth which many Christians believe was used to wrap Jesus' mutilated body after he died on the cross 

Photos of the cloth were fed into Midjourney, an AI image generator, which then produced a lifelike image and video of Christ blinking, smiling and praying as he may have once did before the crucifixion around 33AD 

These paintings were made of men who died between 80 and 120 AD in a similar part of the world to Jesus.

They show men with dark eyes, brown skin, short curly hair, beards and facial features which would have been distinctive of people living in what is now Egypt, Palestine, and Israel.

Likewise, in 2015, medical artist Richard Neave used forensic techniques to reconstruct the face of a Judean man by studying Semite skulls.

The portrait revealed a wide face, dark eyes, a bushy beard and short curly hair, as well as a tanned complexion which might have been typical of Jews in the Galilee area.

While this is just a portrait of an adult man living at the same time as Jesus, this reconstruction gives us a better idea of what kind of features he may have had.

The original AI image was created by the Daily Express using Midjourney, a generative AI that allows users to create realistic images from text prompts, to recreate the face of Jesus from the Shroud's markings.

In reality, experts say that Jesus would have looked more like the men shown in the Egyptian mummy paintings from the first century AD (pictured). These show dark-skinned men with brown eyes and curly hair 

In 2015, medical artist Richard Neave used forensic techniques to reconstruct the face of a Judean man by studying Semite skulls. The portrait revealed a wide face, dark eyes, a bushy beard and short curly hair 

AI has recreated the face of Jesus based on markings left on the Turin Shroud, an ancient cloth that some Christians believe the messiah was buried in

The linen shows an emaciated man with long, dark hair, a beard, and cuts and grazes on his face and body. 

Interestingly, this AI-generated version of Christ resembles many depictions of him from classical art.

Much like the image, the Shroud has been a lightning rod for controversy, with some disputing the claim that this cloth was actually used as Jesus' burial shroud. 

It has been preserved since 1578 in the royal chapel of the cathedral of San Giovanni Battista in Turin, Italy.

Markings on the body also correspond with crucifixion wounds of Jesus mentioned in the Bible, including thorn marks on the head, lacerations on the back and bruises on the shoulders. 

The cloth appears to show faint, brownish stains on the front and back, depicting a gaunt man with sunken eyes who stood about six feet tall. 

The Bible states that after Jesus was crucified, Joseph of Arimathea wrapped his body in a length of linen and placed it inside the tomb.

The clip was posted on X, where users have called being touted as 'the true face of Jesus'

Matthew 27:59-60 reads: 'Then Joseph took the body and wrapped it in a new linen cloth. He put Jesus’ body in a new tomb that he had dug in a wall of rock. Then he closed the tomb by rolling a very large stone to cover the entrance. After he did this, he went away.'

Christians believe those wounds were miraculously imprinted on the burial shroud after Jesus was resurrected three days later, scorched into the fibers by a burst of energy when he came back to life.

The Turin Shroud has captivated the imagination of historians, church chiefs, skeptics and Catholics since it was first presented to the public in the 14th century.

In 1988, a team of international researchers analyzed a small piece of the shroud using carbon dating and determined it was manufactured sometime between 1260 and 1390 AD, suggesting it couldn't have been used to wrap the body of Christ.

But in 2022, a study published by the journal Heritage found the shroud to be roughly 2,000 years old. 

Italian researchers used a new technique involving x-rays to date the fabric, concluding that it was actually manufactured during Jesus' time. 

They said the fact the timelines add up lends credence to the idea that the faint, bloodstained pattern of a man with his arms folded over his body were left behind by Jesus.

Others have pointed out that the technology made Jesus appear white when he would have been Middle Eastern with a darker complexion

Much like the AI image, the Turin Shroud has been a lightning rod for controversy, with some disputing the claim that this cloth was actually used as Jesus' burial shroud

'The data profiles were fully compatible with analogous measurements obtained on a linen sample whose dating, according to historical records, is 55-74 AD, found at Masada, Israel [Herod's famous fortress built on a limestone bedrock overlooking the Dead Sea],' the study states.

The team also compared the shroud with samples from linens manufactured between 1260 and 1390 AD, finding none were a match.

'To make the present result compatible with that of the 1988 radiocarbon test, the Shroud of Turin should have been conserved during its hypothetical seven centuries of life at a secular room temperature very close to the maximum values registered on the earth,' the study reads. 

Lead author Dr Liberato De Caro said in a statement that the 1988 test should be deemed as incorrect because 'Fabric samples are usually subject to all kinds of contamination, which cannot be completely removed from the dated specimen.' 

'If the cleaning procedure of the sample is not thoroughly performed, carbon-14 dating is not reliable,' he added.

More than 170 peer-reviewed academic papers have been published about the mysterious linen since the 1980s. Some have concluded that it was Jesus' burial shroud while others refute this claim.

Thus, the debate about this artifact's authenticity is still ongoing, and will likely continue for years to come. 

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

09-04-2025 om 22:14 geschreven door peter  

Mysterious underwater 'pyramid' believed to be 12,000 years old reshapes history

• READ MORE: Scientists make breakthrough after digging 4,000ft beneath 'Lost City' in the Atlantic

By CHRIS MELORE, ASSISTANT SCIENCE EDITOR FOR DAILYMAIL.COM

A sunken 'pyramid' near Taiwan may rewrite everything we thought we knew about the ancient world.

Sitting just 82 feet below sea level near the Ryukyu Islands of Japan, a mysterious object called the Yonaguni monument continues to stump and astonish researchers since its discovery in 1986.

This giant structure with sharp-angled steps stands roughly 90 feet tall and appears to be made entirely of stone, leading many to believe it was man-made.

However, tests of the stone show it to be over 10,000 years old, meaning that if a civilization built this pyramid by hand, it would have taken place before this region sank under water - more than 12,000 years ago.

That would place it further back in history than most other ancient structures by several thousand years, including the Egyptian pyramids and Stonehenge.

Currently, scientists believe that the ability for ancient humans to construct large structures like temples and pyramids evolved alongside the development of agriculture 12,000 years ago.

If an advanced society was already building giant step pyramids long before this time, however, it could change the history books forever and reveal another lost tribe of humans - just like the myths of Atlantis.

In fact, Yonaguni monument is often called 'Japan's Atlantis,' but skeptics continue to poke holes in the theory that this structure was actually built by human hands.

Yonaguni monument was discovered by divers nearly 40 years ago, roughly 60 miles to the east of Taiwan

Although skeptics say it's a natural rock formation, Yonaguni monument has a pyramid shape with shockingly straight steps that appear carved

The site recently gained widespread attention after scientists sparred over its origins on the Joe Rogen Experience podcast.

Graham Hancock, an author focused on lost civilizations and archaeologist Flint Dibble debated over the pictures of Yonaguni monument, with Dibble refusing to concede that any of the structures found by divers could have been made by humans.

'I've seen a lot of crazy natural stuff and I see nothing here that to me reminds me of human architecture,' Dibble said while a guest on Rogan's podcast last April.

'To me, Flint, it's stunning that you see that as a totally natural thing, but I guess we've just got very different eyes,' Hancock countered.

Hancock added that photographs from dives at the site clearly show human-made arches, megaliths, steps, terraces, and what seem to be a carved rock 'face.'

If Yonaguni monument really was built by a mysterious civilization over 10,000 years ago, it would add it to the growing list of puzzling structures that should have been impossible to construct that long ago.

Built around the same time period, Yonaguni monument could potentially join the man-made ancient structure of Göbekli Tepe in Turkey as evidence of lost civilizations.

This archaeological site in Upper Mesopotamia is believed to have been inhabited from around 9500 BC to at least 8000 BCE, during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic Era.

That's over 5,000 years before the Egyptian pyramids were built and roughly 6,000 before Stonehenge.

The sandstone slabs of Yonaguni monument have convinced many researchers into ancient civilizations that an advanced society built a pyramid before the end of the last Ice Age

Göbekli Tepe in Turkey was constructed around the same time as researchers believe Yonaguni monument would have been built in Asia

Meanwhile, another ancient structure in Indonesia could predate Göbekli Tepe and Japan's Atlantis by a staggering amount of time.

Gunung Padang, first re-discovered by Dutch explorers in 1890, is said to be the world's oldest pyramid.

Studies show that the 98-foot-deep 'megalith' submerged within a hill of lava rock dates back more than 16,000 years.

In 2023, scientists said the structure promises to upend the conventional wisdom on just how 'primitive' hunter-gather societies actually were - revealing the true 'engineering capabilities of ancient civilizations.' 

According to Dr Masaaki Kimura, the case surrounding Japan's Atlantis is very much still open for debate. Kimura is the scientist who tested the sandstone's age, finding that the rocks date back more than 10,000 years.

At this point in history, the structure would have still been on dry land, before the melting of massive ice sheets caused global sea levels to rise at the end of the last Ice Age.

Studies show that at the peak of the Ice Age, roughly 20,000 years ago, sea levels were approximately 400 feet lower than they are today.

In 1999, however, Dr Robert Schoch of Boston University tried to throw cold water on the theory of an Atlantis in the Pacific, arguing that geology could prove the pyramid and surrounding "city" was a natural rock formation. 

Gunung Padang, referred to as the world's oldest pyramid, is believed to date back more than 16,000 years to the peak of the last Ice Age

Schoch noted in his report that Yonaguni monument shares a number of features with other nearby geological formations.

Moreover, it sits in an earthquake-prone region, 62 miles east of Taiwan, suggesting that the fractures and flat faces making up the 'steps' are just normal features of sandstone rocks breaking and splitting.

'When viewing photographs of the Yonaguni Monument, many people immediately have the impression, due to the regularity of the stone faces of the steps and the sharp angles made by the rock, that this is an artificial structure,' Dr Schoch admitted in his paper.

Schoch said that the rocks have also been coated with layers of marine life over the centuries, covering up much of the natural sandstone features and giving Yonaguni monument the appearance of being much more uniform than it really is.

'I think it should be considered a primarily natural structure until more evidence is found to the contrary. However, by no means do I feel that this is an absolutely closed case,' he added.

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09-04-2025 om 21:57 geschreven door peter  

Are we living in the Matrix? Scientist claims the universe is really a HOLOGRAM

• READ MORE: Secret US Army study hints we're living in a holographic universe

By WILIAM HUNTER

It may sound like the outlandish plot of a poorly conceived science-fiction flick.

But some scientists now claim that humanity, the Earth, and everything else in the universe are really part of a giant holographic projection.

While this might sound all too familiar to fans of The Matrix, this bold idea could solve some of physics' most challenging questions.

From what happens if you fall into a black hole to what the universe was like right after the Big Bang, thinking of ourselves as holographic might just provide the answer.

According to Professor Marika Taylor, a theoretical physicist from the University of Birmingham, the universe is actually two-dimensional.

However, just like when you watch a 3D movie on a flat screen, the images on that 2D surface appear to have depth because of how they are projected onto it.

So, while you might see the world around you as a complex three-dimensional structure, Professor Taylor claims this is only an illusion.

That doesn't mean our lives or the universe are any less real, but it does mean that the cosmos might be a lot stranger than we had previously thought.

It might sound eerily familiar to fans of The Matrix (pictured), but some scientists believe our three-dimensional reality is an illusion because the universe is actually a hologram 

What is the holographic universe theory?

When you think of the universe being a hologram, you might imagine the projected images from Star Wars or ABBA Voyage.

Although this is the right basic idea, it's not quite the same type of hologram that physicists are thinking of.

The idea that the universe is a hologram doesn't have anything to do with light or projectors as the name might suggest.

In scientific language, a hologram is a two-dimensional surface which appears to have a third dimension - like the holographic images on some credit cards.

Since holograms appear three-dimensional you can move around them and see different parts of the image as if there were a real object there.

However, if you reached out to touch one your hand would find only a flat surface.

Scientists like Professor Taylor argue that the whole universe is just like this - a two-dimensional surface that just looks like it has three dimensions.

A hologram, like those used in ABBA Voyage, is a two-dimensional object that looks like it has an extra third dimension. According to the holographic principle, this is the fundamental structure of the universe - the universe is two-dimensional but looks like it is 3D 

What is the holographic principle?

According to the holographic principle, the real structure of the universe is a two-dimensional surface.

This surface has no gravity and no depth, only quantum and atomic forces.

What appears to be the 3D structure of the world we can observe is just an illusion created by this 2D surface.

This is like a hologram which appears to have depth when it is really just an image projected onto a flat screen.

The holographic principle is that we can describe everything about the universe, including gravity and depth, by talking about whats happening on the 2D surface. 

Instead of the universe being like a solid block, Professor Taylor says we should think of it as more like a hollow ball.

Our solar systems and galaxies are contained inside the '3D' space inside the ball, but the actual surface structure of the universe only has two dimensions.

According to the 'holographic principle', we can describe the gravitational movements of the planets and stars within the ball just by talking about what's happening on the two-dimensional surface.

Although that might seem utterly bonkers, scientists maintain that turning our world on its head isn't necessarily a problem.

Professor Taylor says: 'It is very hard to visualise this. However, it is also quite hard to visualise what happens inside an atom.

'We learned in the early twentieth century that atoms follow quantum rules, which are also quite different from our everyday reality.

'Holography takes us into an even more extreme world, where not only are the forces quantum in nature, but the number of dimensions is different from our perceived reality.'

Does this mean the universe isn't real?

Even if we are living in a holographic universe, this doesn't mean that our world or our lives are any less real

(stock image) 

One of the biggest misconceptions about the holographic theory is that it means the universe isn't real or that we are in some sort of simulation.

Although the holograms we are familiar with are always projected by someone and can be turned on or off at will, that isn't what scientists are saying about the universe.

Professor Taylor says: 'The Matrix movies are very thought-provoking but probably don't quite capture all the ideas in holography.'

Likewise, Fermilab, a United States Department of Energy particle physics laboratory, says that the notion of the universe as a 'simulation' can be misleading.

Fermilab writes: 'The notion that our familiar three-dimensional universe is somehow encoded in two dimensions at the most fundamental level does not imply that there is anybody or anything "outside" the two-dimensional representation, "projecting" the illusion or "running" the simulation.'

That means we don't need to worry about being in any kind of Matrix-like simulation even if the universe is holographic.

Similarly, one of the consequences of the holographic principle is that features of the universe like the third dimension and gravity aren't a fundamental part of reality.

However, that doesn't mean scientists are saying these aren't real.

Unlike in The Matrix, there's no one on the outside projecting our holographic universe. This is just a different way of understanding how the laws of physics work 

While some people believe that we are living in a virtual simulation, holographic theory doesn't suggest that this is the case 

Instead, physicists say that gravity and the higher dimensions are 'emergent' properties.

Professor Kostas Skenderis, a mathematical physicist from the University of Southampton, says you can think about this in the same way as temperature.

If we look at any individual atom it doesn't have a temperature, just a position and a velocity.

But if there are enough atoms all moving and bumping into one another, we can say that they collectively have a temperature.

'Temperature is not an intrinsic property of elementary particles. It rather emerges as a property of a collection of them. This does not make temperature less real. It rather explains it,' says Professor Skenderis.

Likewise, gravity and the third dimension emerge when parts of the 2D universe interact in certain ways.

And, just like knowing that temperature is simply atoms moving doesn't make your tea any less hot, this doesn't make gravity or depth any less real.

Why do scientists think the universe is a hologram?

The reason scientists believe in holographic theory is to avoid a paradox which suggests black holes, like the one at the centre of the Milky Way (illustrated), break the laws of physics

The information paradox

According to the laws of physics, information cannot be destroyed.

However, three-dimensional black holes don't seem to follow this rule.

When something falls into a black hole, the black hole gains more mass.  

Over time black holes evaporate by emitting a type of energy called Hawking Radiation, and will eventually vanish.

However, Hawking Radiation isn't related to the things which fall in. 

So, when the black hole evaporates, information about what fell in has been removed from the universe. 

This suggests that black holes violate the laws of physics. 

Although this might sound like an interesting mathematical exercise, you might wonder why scientists bother trying to explain everything in two dimensions in the first place.

The answer to that question traces back to a problem proposed by Stephen Hawking known as the 'information paradox' that suggests black holes break a fundamental law of physics.

You might have heard the law of physics which says that matter can't be created or destroyed.

In the same way, a law of quantum physics is that 'information' can't be created or destroyed.

Professor Taylor says: 'The information paradox is that black holes seem to lose memory of what has been thrown inside them.' 

Imagine writing a message out on a piece of paper and then tearing it into tiny pieces.

You might think you've destroyed that information but no matter how small you made the pieces someone could always put them back together and read it.

However, if you threw that note into a black hole there's nothing you could ever do to piece that information back together.

To avoid this paradox, scientists say that black holes must be two-dimensional. This means when information falls in, it isn't destroyed but rather smeared across the two-dimensional surface of the black hole

(stock image) 

What scientists began to realise in the late 1970s was that you could get around this problem, but only if you think of black holes as two-dimensional.

On this view, when you throw your note into a black hole the information is smeared across the two-dimensional boundary of the black hole rather than being destroyed.

This is the view that Stephen Hawking, who discovered the Information Paradox, came to adopt in the final years before his death.  

If that is hard to picture, don't worry; even physicists are still working to get their heads around exactly what that might mean.

The important thing to understand is that looking at the world in two dimensions makes it easier for physicists to work out what's going on in certain cases.

This is particularly useful when we want to understand what happens when gravity is extremely strong like during the first few seconds after the Big Bang or inside a black hole.

And, if this works for the densest, wildest objects in the universe it should work for everything else in existence.

As Professor Skenderis puts it: 'Black hole physics suggests that we only need information in 2D space to describe the 3D universe.'

Stephen Hawking (pictured), who discovered this paradox, came to adopt the holographic theory about black holes in the last years before his death 

Do we have any evidence for this?

One of the biggest challenges for the holographic theory is that it's really hard to prove.

As yet, Professor Taylor says scientists haven't found any 'smoking gun evidence' for the holographic nature of the universe.

However, this isn't stopping physicists from trying to find the subtle differences that holographic theory predicts.

One of the best places to look is in the very earliest moments of the universe, preserved in leftover energy from the Big Bang called the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB).

Professor Craig Hogan, an astrophysicist from the University of Chicago and director of the Fermilab Center for Particle Astrophysics, says this radiation should preserve 'holographic noise'.

Professor Hogan says: 'The CMB, and all large-scale structures, are supposed to come from quantum-gravitational noise.

'If it’s holographic, the CMB pattern shows signs of that. It preserves an image of the process that made.'

Scientists say the best evidence that the universe is a hologram should be preserved in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), the leftover energy from the Big Bang 

Pictured is a timeline of the holographic universe. Time runs from left to right. The far left denotes the holographic phase. At the end of this phase (shown by the black fluctuating ellipse) the Universe enters a geometric phase. Scientists believe we should still be able to see the structure from this holographic phase in the large-scale structures of the universe 

Professor Hogan says that the CMB reveals 'surprising symmetries in the sky' that you would expect to find if the universe was a hologram.

Likewise, research conducted by Professor Skenderis does indeed show that the detailed structure of the CMB can be described by holographic theory.

Professor Skenderis says: 'We tested the predictions of holographic models against the observed properties of CMB, finding excellent agreement. 

'This is the only direct observational test of holography to date.'

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

09-04-2025 om 21:42 geschreven door peter  

The North Pole could MOVE by nearly 90 feet by 2100 - causing havoc for satellite navigation, scientists warn

• READ MORE: The real reason why the North Pole is moving towards Russia

By WILIAM HUNTER

It is the reference point for all the world's navigation systems and one of the most famous locations on Earth.

But scientists say that the geographical North Pole is on the move and could shift nearly 90 feet (27 metres) by 2100.

As the polar ice sheets melt faster in the warming climate, Earth's mass is redistributed, slightly shifting our planet's axis of rotation.

Although these changes might be small on the planetary scale, scientists warn they could cause havoc for satellite navigation.

As the Earth turns on its axis, changes in the oceans, atmosphere, and deep within the molten mantle cause the planet to wobble like a spinning top.

While most of the planet's wobbles are regular and predictable, scientists from ETH Zurich have found that human-caused changes will soon outweigh the natural shifts.

Since satellites and deep space telescopes work out their position by referring to the Earth's axis of rotation, any change in the North Pole could cause serious issues.

Lead author Dr Mostafa Kiani Shahvandi, now at the University of Vienna, told MailOnline this could cause inaccuracies 'from a few metres to hundreds of metres'.

Earth's North Pole is on the move and could shift by as much as 90 feet (27 metres) by 2100, according to scientists 

Like anything spinning on its axis, big changes in the Earth's distribution of mass cause it to shift on its axis.

Most of the time this is a normal and predictable process caused by factors such as regular cycles of ocean currents.

However, as the planet's ice sheets and glaciers melt, this is causing a more rapid redistribution of weight than scientists have observed in the past, which is causing the pole to shift.

Dr Shahvandi and his co-author measured the movement of the poles between 1908 and 2000 and compared this with projections of ice melt to see how far they might move in the future.

In the worst-case scenario, in which greenhouse gas emissions are not reduced, the dramatic melting of the ice sheets will have moved the poles 89 feet between 1900 and 2100.

In a more optimistic scenario in which greenhouse gas emissions are reduced, the North Pole will still move as much as 39 feet (12 metres).

For now, human-caused effects aren't moving the poles as much as natural causes.

The biggest source of polar shift currently comes from the Earth rebounding from the last ice age.

As the ice caps melt in the warming climate, Earth's weight is redistributed around the planet. Like a spinning top, this shift alters the axis about which the Earth spins and moves the geographical North Pole 

In the worst-case scenario (red) climate change could trigger the pole to move 89 feet between 1900 and 2100. In a more optimistic scenario (green) in which greenhouse gas emissions are reduced, the North Pole will still move as much as 39 feet (12 metres)

During the ice age, the Earth's crust sunk down under the weight of glaciers and has risen up since they melted, redistributing the planet’s weight.

Even though the last ice age ended over 10,000 years ago, the rebound effects can still be seen in the natural shift of the North Pole.

However, in the near future the scientists say that human-caused climate change will overtake the ice age rebound as the biggest contributor.

Dr Shahvandi says: 'Currently, the natural processes dominate polar motion, but if climate change continues and ice sheets melt more and more, then in the last decades of the 21st century the human-induced climate change will certainly dominate.'

Recently, scientists have warned that the world's sea ice – the frozen ocean water at the North and South Poles – has plunged to a record low.

Last month, Arctic sea ice reached its lowest monthly extent for March in the 47-year satellite record.

Arctic sea ice covered an area six per cent smaller than average, marking the fourth month in a row when sea ice extents have seen record-breaking lows.

Likewise, Antarctic sea ice hit its fourth lowest monthly extent for March, standing 24 per cent lower than average.

The biggest contributors to the shift were the Antarctic ice sheet and the Greenland Ice Sheet (pictured) which is melting at an accelerating rate 

This graph shows how much the melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet could shift the pole on the X (top) and Y (bottom) axes by 2100. The red line shows the worst-case scenario in which emissions do not reduce and the blue line shows the more optimistic scenario

This could cause serious problems for satellite navigation and for space-based telescopes like the James Webb Space Telescope (pictured) which use the Earth's axis as a reference point for navigation. This could cause errors on the scale of kilometres 

The researchers discovered that the biggest sources of polar shift are the melting of the Greenland Ice sheet and the Antarctic Ice sheet.

If this change continues, it is likely to cause issues for the sensitive navigation systems of satellites and space telescopes such as the James Webb Space Telescope.

In their paper, published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters, the researchers write: 'Since prediction of polar motion is crucial for applications such as spacecraft navigation and orientation of deep-space telescopes, the reduced predictability of polar motion under climate change might impact the operational accuracy of such applications.'

That would be bad for navigation systems here on Earth but even more perilous for spacecraft since it will become harder to work out their exact location.

Dr Shahvandi says this could create errors of 'kilometres' for spacecraft probing distant planets.

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

09-04-2025 om 21:12 geschreven door peter  

Could our entire universe, including the planet we live on and the lives we lead, actually be a highly complex holographic illusion? A number of respected physicists are proposing exactly that, and not as a metaphor, but as a serious framework for understanding the cosmos.

This radical concept is gaining support as a possible solution to some of the biggest mysteries in modern physics. These include paradoxes surrounding black holes, the strange mechanics of quantum particles, and even the nature of the universe moments after the Big Bang (although the Big Bang itself may be an illusion). Seen through the lens of holography, some of these puzzles might finally begin to make sense.

One of the leading voices in this field is Professor Marika Taylor, a theoretical physicist at the University of Birmingham. She suggests that what we perceive as a vast, three-dimensional universe might actually be a projection originating from a two-dimensional surface. Similar to how 3D visuals are created from a flat cinema screen, our experience of depth and space could be an illusion created by the underlying physics.

“In reality, the universe could be fundamentally two-dimensional,” Taylor explained in an interview published in the Daily Mail. “However, it appears three-dimensional to us due to the way it is projected.”

This doesn’t mean the universe or our experiences are somehow false, Taylor added. Instead, it points to a cosmos far more complex and counterintuitive than we've imagined, one where we have to take the information we collect from our own senses with a grain of salt.

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The Holographic Principle: Reality Is Not What It Seems

To understand what scientists mean by a “holographic universe,” it’s helpful to look past everyday uses of the word "hologram." In physics, a hologram is a two-dimensional surface that stores and displays three-dimensional information. Think of the reflective images on some credit cards, where the image shifts as you tilt it. Although it appears to have depth, it’s ultimately flat.

Hologram version of an ancient bust of Aphrodite.

(Kenneth Lu/Flickr/CC BY-SA 2.0).

Some physicists propose that our universe works the same way. Instead of existing in true 3D space, howeer, all of reality might be encoded on a distant 2D boundary, with everything we perceive—including galaxies, stars, planets, and even people—emerging as a projection from this surface.

Professor Taylor describes the universe as more like a hollow ball than a solid object. All the familiar structures—solar systems, star clusters, nebulae—reside inside the apparent 3D volume of the ball. But the true source of this structure, according to the theory, lies on the ball’s 2D outer surface.

According to what's known as the holographic principle, you don’t need to describe every detail of the three-dimensional space to understand the universe. Alternatively, all the information can be thought of as residing on this two-dimensional shell. The way planets move and gravity behaves inside the “ball” can be calculated purely based on what's happening on its 2D border.

“It is very hard to visualise this. However, it is also quite hard to visualise what happens inside an atom,” Taylor points out. “We learned in the early twentieth century that atoms follow quantum rules, which are also quite different from our everyday reality. Holography takes us into an even more extreme world, where not only are the forces quantum in nature, but the number of dimensions is different from our perceived reality.”

This view can seem disorienting, especially to those who have seen Hollywood depictions like The Matrix that are essentially dystopian in nature . But Taylor emphasizes that such comparisons can be misleading. “The Matrix movies are very thought-provoking but probably don't quite capture all the ideas in holography,” she said.

Fermilab, a leading particle physics lab in the United States, agrees. While the idea of the universe as a kind of projection may sound like simulation theory, that’s not what scientists are claiming. “The notion that our familiar three-dimensional universe is somehow encoded in two dimensions at the most fundamental level does not imply that there is anybody or anything ‘outside’ the two-dimensional representation, ‘projecting’ the illusion or ‘running’ the simulation,” Fermilab states.

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This means we don’t have to see ourselves as characters in someone’s computer program in order to accept that we’re living in a hologram—although perhaps there really is a programmer at the top, and scientists just find that idea too unsettling to contemplate.

The Black Hole Puzzle and the Origins of Holographic Thinking

A major driving force behind the holographic universe theory is the need to resolve a long-standing problem in physics: the black hole information paradox. Originally proposed by Stephen Hawking, this paradox challenges one of the core tenets of quantum mechanics—namely, that information can’t be destroyed.

Matrix imagery, the production of 3D visual images encoded digitally in ones and zeros.

(phsymyst/Flickr/CC BY-SA 2.0).

Professor Taylor elaborates: “The information paradox is that black holes seem to lose memory of what has been thrown inside them.”

Imagine you write a note, shred it into tiny pieces, and toss the confetti into a trash bin. Technically, someone could reassemble the scraps to recover the original message. But if you throw that shredded note into a black hole, it appears that the information vanishes entirely. That’s a big problem for physicists because it implies a fundamental law of the universe is being broken. However, some researchers believe that if we think of black holes as two-dimensional surfaces instead of deep, 3D pits, this problem can be sidestepped. In this version of reality, any information that falls into a black hole becomes encoded on its surface, not lost inside it. Even Hawking, who first posed the paradox, began to support this solution in the years leading up to his death.

The implications of this idea go beyond black holes. They suggest that aspects of reality like gravity and the third dimension aren’t basic ingredients of the universe, but instead are “emergent properties”—features that arise only when the underlying structure behaves in certain ways.

Professor Kostas Skenderis, a mathematical physicist from the University of Southampton, offered a useful analogy: “Temperature is not an intrinsic property of elementary particles. It rather emerges as a property of a collection of them. This does not make temperature less real. It rather explains it.”

In the same way, gravity and spatial depth may emerge when components of a 2D universe interact. They’re real, but not fundamental.

“Black hole physics suggests that we only need information in 2D space to describe the 3D universe,” said Skenderis, which represents the sort of simplicity that many scientists find attractive.

Searching for the Universal Truth

Proof of the holographic theory is elusive. Despite strong theoretical support, there’s no definitive “smoking gun” evidence that the universe is holographic. But that hasn’t stopped researchers from searching.

Professor Taylor acknowledges that conclusive proof could be challenging to find. But promising clues may be found in the oldest light in the universe: the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), which is a faint afterglow left behind from the Big Bang.

Map of the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation, imprinted on the sky when the universe was 370,000 years old, with colors representing temperature variations.

(ESA and the Planck Collaboration/CC BY-SA 4.0).

Professor Craig Hogan, director of the Fermilab Center for Particle Astrophysics, believes this ancient radiation could contain hints of the universe’s holographic structure.

“The CMB, and all large-scale structures, are supposed to come from quantum-gravitational noise,” he explained. “If it’s holographic, the CMB pattern shows signs of that. It preserves an image of the process that made [it].”

In fact, research conducted by Skenderis and his team found that holographic models can accurately describe the tiny variations in the CMB. “We tested the predictions of holographic models against the observed properties of CMB, finding excellent agreement,” he said. “This is the only direct observational test of holography to date.”

While scientists continue to investigate the holographic nature of the cosmos, one thing is clear: if true, this theory doesn’t reduce the universe to a trick of the light and shadow. Instead, it reveals a richer and stranger reality—one where dimensional depth, gravity, and even time might be side effects of a deeper, more abstract truth. And in that reality, what we see isn’t false—it’s just not the whole story.

• Top image: Artist’s conception of a spinning black hole, warping reality as predicted by Einstein’s theory of relativity.

Source: 

• NASA.

By Nathan Falde

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{ https://www.ancient-origins.net/mysterious-phenomena }

09-04-2025 om 18:10 geschreven door peter  

The Great Pyramid of Cholula remains largely unexcavated.

Shutterstock.

2. The Great Pyramid of Cholula – Mexico

While it may not look like a traditional pyramid at first glance, this structure is actually the largest pyramid by volume on Earth. Hidden beneath what appears to be a natural hill, the Great Pyramid of Cholula was built over centuries by the indigenous peoples of Mesoamerica. It dwarfs even the Great Pyramid of Giza in sheer size. Today, a Spanish church sits atop the ancient structure, a striking blend of pre-Columbian and colonial history.

3. The Nubian Pyramids – Sudan

Egypt’s southern neighbor is home to over 200 pyramids—more than Egypt itself. The Nubian pyramids of Meroë, built by the Kingdom of Kush, are smaller and steeper than their Egyptian counterparts but no less impressive. Constructed between 300 BCE and 350 CE, these pyramids served as royal tombs and stand as a testament to the long-lasting influence of ancient Egyptian culture in Africa. Their remote desert location adds to their mystique, making them a must-visit for history enthusiasts.

4. The Pyramids of Guimar – Canary Islands, Spain

The Canary Islands hold an unexpected archaeological mystery—stepped pyramids made of lava stone. While some argue that these structures were built relatively recently for agricultural purposes, others believe they could be linked to ancient transatlantic travel. Some researchers suggest a connection between the pyramids of Guimar and those found in the Americas, fueling speculation about pre-Columbian oceanic voyages.

5. The Pyramid of Cestius – Italy

Unlike other pyramids on this list, the Pyramid of Cestius is not a temple or tomb for a powerful civilization—it’s the final resting place of a single Roman. Built in the first century BCE for the Roman magistrate Gaius Cestius, this white-marble pyramid stands in the heart of Rome, blending Egyptian influence with Roman architectural style. It’s a rare example of how Egyptian culture fascinated the Romans and shaped their architectural ambitions.

Pyramidomania

Pyramids are far more than Egyptian monuments—they are found all over the world, built by civilizations separated by vast distances and time periods. From the scorching deserts of Sudan to the ancient cities of Mexico, these massive structures show how different cultures, with no apparent connection, were drawn to the same design. Whether used as tombs, temples, or ceremonial sites, pyramids represent a deep human instinct—to build something that lasts, something that reaches toward the sky.

What makes pyramids so fascinating is that they weren’t just a random architectural choice. Their shape provided stability, allowing them to stand for thousands of years, but their significance ran much deeper. Some cultures aligned them with the stars, others used them as places of worship, and in some cases, their true purpose is still a mystery. How did so many civilizations arrive at the same idea? Was it purely practical, or is there something more to the story?

No matter where they are, pyramids remind us that ancient builders had knowledge and ambition far beyond what we often give them credit for. As we explore five incredible pyramids outside Egypt, we step into a world of lost cities, forgotten rituals, and unanswered questions—proof that history is always waiting to surprise us.

RELATED VIDEOS

{ https://curiosmos.com/category/ancient-civilizations/ }

09-04-2025 om 17:52 geschreven door peter  

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

09-04-2025 om 15:40 geschreven door peter  

{ https://www.universetoday.com/ }

09-04-2025 om 15:35 geschreven door peter  

Amateur Astronomer Records Orb Over Honolulu, Hawaii Eyewitness, April 2, 2025, UFO UAP Sighting News.

 

Date of sighting: April 2, 2025

Location of sighting: Honolulu, Hawaii, USA

Source: NUFORC 

• https://nuforc.org/

 

This is one fascinating orb. It changes color very fast and was not too far over the guys condo when it was recorded. Being an amateur astronomer he knows what he saw. May people believe UFOs don't have lights...but many people are also wrong about that belief because all UFOs have lights, most the time they don't use them. We know less than 1% of 1% of the knowledge about UFOs. We have much to learn, but we know this. They do exist, they are real and they fly in Earths skies daily worldwide. 

Scott C. Waring - Utah

Eyewitness states: 

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

09-04-2025 om 15:26 geschreven door peter  

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

09-04-2025 om 15:18 geschreven door peter  

 Summoning UFOs? Skywatcher Group Draws Pentagon’s Eye with Bold New Claims

A new wave of intrigue has surged through the UFO research community following recent revelations on NewsNation, where investigative journalist Ross Coulthart reported that a private group known as Skywatcher is claiming consistent, measurable contact with unidentified aerial phenomena (UAPs) through unconventional means. Even more surprising is the acknowledgment that the Pentagon’s All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) has observed their operations in person.

Who Is Skywatcher?

Skywatcher is a private UAP research team led by Air Force veteran Jake Barber. The group has garnered attention by claiming they can summon UAPs using an “electromechanical whistle” — a signaling device similar in concept to a dog whistle, but presumably emitting frequencies or pulses detectable by unknown aerial objects. Barber asserts that their method yields a 100% success rate, meaning a UAP-like event occurs every time they use their system under the right conditions.

Pentagon’s Quiet Involvement

While the U.S. Department of Defense officially maintains that there is no conclusive evidence of extraterrestrial contact, Coulthart revealed that the Pentagon’s UFO investigation unit, AARO, has visited Skywatcher’s testing range. The range remains classified, but it’s described as a controlled site where repeated experiments take place.

{ https://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

09-04-2025 om 14:53 geschreven door peter  

Rapport: Is het Universum een Hologram?

Dansen wij allen op de grillen van nullen en enen aan de rand van de kosmos?

Inleiding

De vraag of het universum een hologram is, heeft de laatste jaren veel aandacht gekregen binnen de natuurkunde en de filosofie. Deze theorieën suggereren dat de werkelijkheid zoals wij die ervaren mogelijk een projectie is van informatie die zich op een veel minder complexe manier bevindt. Dit rapport onderzoekt de basis van de holografische hypothese, de wetenschappelijke achtergrond, de implicaties van deze ideeën en de huidige stand van het onderzoek.

1. De Holografische Hypothese

De holografische hypothese is een fascinerend en uitdagend concept dat de grenzen van onze begrip van ruimte, tijd en werkelijkheid oprekt. Deze hypothese stelt dat de informatie die nodig is om een driedimensionale ruimte te beschrijven, in feite kan worden gecodeerd op een tweedimensionaal oppervlak. Dit idee is ontstaan uit de combinatie van de wetten van de thermodynamica en de principes van de kwantummechanica, en heeft implicaties voor ons begrip van het universum.

Het holografische principe werd voor het eerst serieus overwogen in de context van zwarte gaten. Volgens de algemene relativiteitstheorie kan een zwart gat worden beschreven door zijn oppervlak, de gebeurtenishorizon, en niet door de inhoud ervan. Wetenschappers, zoals Jacob Bekenstein en Stephen Hawking, ontdekten dat de entropie van een zwart gat, die een maat is voor de hoeveelheid informatie die het bevat, evenredig is aan de oppervlakte van de gebeurtenishorizon, en niet aan het volume. Dit leidde tot de conclusie dat de informatie die in een zwart gat is opgeslagen, kan worden gezien als een soort hologram dat op het oppervlak is gecodeerd.

Wanneer we deze concepten extrapoleren naar het hele universum, ontstaat de holografische hypothese. Dit idee suggereert dat ons driedimensionale universum, inclusief de tijd, in feite een projectie is van informatie die opgeslagen is op een tweedimensionaal oppervlak, zoals de rand van het universum. Dit betekent dat wat wij ervaren als de realiteit, een soort 'holografische afbeelding' kan zijn van deze informatie. De implicaties hiervan zijn enorm en kunnen ons begrip van de fundamenten van de fysica en de natuurkunde volledig veranderen.

Een belangrijk aspect van de holografische hypothese is dat het ons dwingt om na te denken over de aard van de werkelijkheid. Als het universum inderdaad een hologram is, zou dat kunnen betekenen dat onze perceptie van ruimte en tijd niet de ultieme werkelijkheid weerspiegelt. Dit opent de deur naar de mogelijkheid dat er veel meer is dan wat we kunnen waarnemen. Het roept vragen op over de aard van bewustzijn en de manier waarop we de wereld ervaren. Zijn wij slechts waarnemers van een complex spel van informatie dat zich afspeelt op een fundament dat ons niet direct toegankelijk is?

Credit: TU Wien

Bovendien kan de holografische hypothese ook implicaties hebben voor de eenheid van de natuurkunde. Het biedt een mogelijke brug tussen de algemene relativiteitstheorie, die de zwaartekracht beschrijft, en de kwantummechanica, die de gedrag van de kleinste deeltjes beschrijft. Het idee dat de dimensies van ons universum kunnen voortkomen uit een lagere dimensie, kan helpen om deze twee schijnbaar tegenstrijdige theorieën te verenigen in een meer omvattend begrip van de natuur.

Desondanks is de holografische hypothese nog steeds een onderwerp van actief onderzoek en discussie binnen de wetenschappelijke gemeenschap. Er zijn verschillende theoretische modellen en benaderingen ontwikkeld om de implicaties van deze hypothese te verkennen, maar er is nog geen definitieve bevestiging of weerlegging van het idee. Experimenten en observaties in de toekomst kunnen mogelijk meer licht werpen op deze intrigerende vragen.

In conclusie, de holografische hypothese is een diepgaand idee dat ons begrip van het universum uitdaagt en ons dwingt na te denken over de aard van de werkelijkheid. Het biedt niet alleen een nieuw perspectief op de structuur van het universum, maar ook op de fundamenten van de fysica zelf. Terwijl wetenschappers blijven onderzoeken en experimenteren, blijft de holografische hypothese een bron van inspiratie en nieuwsgierigheid in de zoektocht naar kennis over onze plaats in het universum.

2. Historische Achtergrond

De historische achtergrond van de holografie in de natuurkunde is diep geworteld in de ontwikkeling van de snaartheorie en de zoektocht naar een verenigde theorie van de fundamenten van de natuur. In de vroege jaren '90, toen de snaartheorie zich begon te ontwikkelen als een veelbelovende kandidaat voor een theorie van alles, kwam Juan Maldacena met een baanbrekende bijdrage. Zijn holografische principe, gepresenteerd in 1997, stelde dat de informatie die in een volumetrische ruimte aanwezig is, kan worden weergegeven op de grenzen van die ruimte. Dit idee heeft de manier waarop wetenschappers naar de relatie tussen ruimte, tijd en informatie kijken, radicaal veranderd.

De implicaties van Maldacena’s werk zijn enorm. Het biedt niet alleen een nieuwe manier om de zwaartekracht en quantummechanica met elkaar te verbinden, maar heeft ook een brug geslagen naar andere gebieden zoals de thermodynamica en de informatieleer. De holografische principes suggereren dat onze drie-dimensionale werkelijkheid misschien niet zo fundamenteel is als we dachten, maar eerder een projectie is van informatie die zich op een twee-dimensionaal oppervlak bevindt. Deze ideeën hebben geleid tot een groeiende interesse in de studie van zwarte gaten, waar de holografische principes cruciaal lijken te zijn voor het begrijpen van de informatieparadox die met deze mysterieuze objecten is verbonden.

In de jaren die volgden, hebben veel onderzoekers de holografische principes verder verkend, wat resulteerde in een bloeiende subdiscipline binnen de theoretische natuurkunde.

3. De Basisprincipes van de Holografische Hypothese

De holografische hypothese is een intrigerend concept binnen de theoretische fysica dat suggereert dat onze waarneming van de driedimensionale ruimte in feite voortkomt uit informatie die is opgeslagen op een tweedimensionaal oppervlak. Deze hypothese is gebaseerd op een aantal belangrijke principes die ons begrip van ruimte, tijd en informatie fundamenteel kunnen veranderen.

3.1. Informatie en Entropie: 

Een van de kernprincipes van de holografische hypothese is de relatie tussen informatie en entropie. In de thermodynamica beschrijft entropie de mate van wanorde in een systeem en kan het ook worden opgevat als een maat voor de hoeveelheid verborgen informatie. Het holografische principe stelt dat de entropie van een zwart gat evenredig is aan de oppervlakte van zijn gebeurtenishorizon, in plaats van aan het volume van het zwarte gat zelf. Dit betekent dat de informatie die nodig is om een bepaald systeem te beschrijven, niet alleen afhankelijk is van de drie dimensies waarin we ons bevinden, maar dat deze kan worden samengevoegd op een tweedimensionaal vlak. Dit idee heeft verstrekkende implicaties voor onze opvattingen over realiteit en informatie, en suggereert dat de fundamenten van het universum mogelijk eenvoudiger en meer samenhangend zijn dan we ooit hadden gedacht.

3.2.Kwantummechanica: 

Daarnaast sluit de holografische hypothese aan bij de principes van de kwantummechanica, die ons begrip van de subatomaire wereld en de interacties tussen deeltjes transformeert. In de kwantummechanica wordt informatie gezien als essentieel voor het bestaan van de werkelijkheid. Fenomenen zoals kwantumverstrengeling, waarbij de toestand van een deeltje direct verbonden is met die van een ander, ongeacht de afstand tussen hen, kunnen beter worden begrepen vanuit de holografische perspectief. Dit biedt nieuwe inzichten in hoe deeltjes zich gedragen en hoe informatie in het universum wordt overgedragen en opgeslagen.

Samenvattend biedt de holografische hypothese een fascinerende benadering van de fundamenten van de natuurkunde en daagt het ons uit om de relatie tussen informatie, ruimte en tijd opnieuw te evalueren. De implicaties van deze principes kunnen ons helpen om de mysteries van het universum verder te ontrafelen.

4. Wetenschappelijke Ondersteuning

De holografische hypothese, die stelt dat de informatie van een driedimensionale ruimte kan worden gecodeerd op een tweedimensionaal oppervlak, vindt steeds meer steun in de wetenschappelijke gemeenschap. Diverse experimenten en theoretische studies hebben aanwijzingen opgeleverd die deze hypothese onderbouwen, met name op het gebied van zwarte gaten en de kosmologie.

Ruimtetijd nabij een zwart gat in een holografisch universum. De ruimtetijd is hier vijfdimensionaal, maar alles daarin wordt geprojecteerd op een vierdimensionale bol.

(Credit: Scientific American).

4.1. Zwarte Gaten

Een van de meest intrigerende aspecten van de holografische hypothese is de relatie met zwarte gaten. Onderzoekers hebben ontdekt dat zwarte gaten, die vaak worden beschouwd als de ultieme voorbeelden van extreme zwaartekracht, cruciale inzichten kunnen bieden in de holografische principes. De informatie paradox van zwarte gaten is een van de meest besproken onderwerpen in de theoretische natuurkunde. Deze paradox stelt dat wanneer materie in een zwart gat valt, de informatie die deze materie bevat verloren lijkt te gaan voor de buitenwereld. Dit idee staat in tegenspraak met de fundamentele wetten van de kwantummechanica, die stellen dat informatie niet verloren kan gaan.

De holografische hypothese biedt een mogelijke oplossing voor deze paradox. Volgens deze theorie zou de informatie die in een zwart gat valt, niet verloren gaan, maar in plaats daarvan worden gecodeerd op de event horizon, of de rand van het zwarte gat. Dit betekent dat alle informatie die in het zwart gat valt, op een manier kan worden hersteld door te kijken naar de gegevens die aan de rand aanwezig zijn. Dit idee heeft geleid tot nieuwe manieren van denken over de aard van ruimte en tijd, en hoe deze concepten zich verhouden tot de fundamenten van de kwantummechanica.

4.2. Cosmologie

Naast zwarte gaten wordt de holografische hypothese ook steeds relevanter in het vakgebied van de cosmologie. De structuur van het heelal en de kosmische achtergrondstraling, die de overblijfselen zijn van de Big Bang, kunnen worden geanalyseerd vanuit een holografisch perspectief. Onderzoekers zijn begonnen te verkennen in hoeverre fenomenen zoals kosmische inflatie — de snelle expansie van het heelal in zijn vroege stadia — en andere kosmologische verschijnselen kunnen worden verklaard door holografische principes.

Er zijn aanwijzingen dat de patronen die we waarnemen in de kosmische achtergrondstraling, informatie kunnen bevatten die gerelateerd is aan de geometrie van het heelal zelf. Dit heeft geleid tot speculaties over de mogelijkheid dat de holografische hypothese ons kan helpen bij het begrijpen van de fundamentele structuren van het universum. Door de holografische principes toe te passen op kosmologische modellen, hopen wetenschappers een dieper inzicht te krijgen in de dynamiek van het heelal en de wetten die de evolutie ervan sturen.

In conclusie, de holografische hypothese biedt een fascinerende en potentieel revolutionaire manier om naar de natuur van de werkelijkheid te kijken. Door de inzichten die voortkomen uit het onderzoek naar zwarte gaten en kosmologie, wordt de basis gelegd voor een nieuw begrip van informatie, ruimte en tijd. De voortdurende ontwikkeling op dit gebied zou wel eens kunnen leiden tot een diepere verbinding tussen de kwantummechanica en de algemene relativiteitstheorie, en daarmee tot een verenigde theorie van de natuurkunde.

5. Implicaties van de Holografische Hypothese

De holografische hypothese, die stelt dat ons driedimensionale universum een projectie is van informatie die opgeslagen is op een tweedimensionaal oppervlak, heeft verstrekkende implicaties voor ons begrip van de werkelijkheid. Deze implicaties zijn niet alleen van belang voor de natuurkunde, maar reiken ook diep in de filosofie en ons dagelijks leven. Hieronder worden enkele van de belangrijkste implicaties verder uitgewerkt.

5.1. Realiteit en Waarneming

Als het universum inderdaad een hologram is, dan roept dat fundamentele vragen op over de aard van de realiteit. Wat betekent het voor ons begrip van ruimte, tijd en materie? Traditioneel beschouwen we de werkelijkheid als iets dat bestaat in drie dimensies, waar we ons doorheen bewegen en interacties hebben. De holografische hypothese daagt dit idee uit door te suggereren dat onze ervaring van deze driedimensionaliteit slechts een illusie is, voortkomend uit informatie die op een tweedimensionaal niveau is gecodeerd.

Dit heeft gevolgen voor hoe we onze waarnemingen begrijpen. Als onze ervaring van de werkelijkheid een projectie is, wat betekent dat dan voor ons begrip van tijd? Is het mogelijk dat tijd zelf ook een constructie is die voortkomt uit deze holografische structuur? Dit leidt tot de vraag: als onze waarneming van de werkelijkheid niet de uiteindelijke waarheid weerspiegelt, hoe kunnen we dan ooit de "echte" natuur van het universum begrijpen?

5.2. Kwantummechanica en Relativiteit

Een van de meest intrigerende implicaties van de holografische hypothese is de mogelijkheid om een brug te slaan tussen de kwantummechanica en de algemene relativiteitstheorie. Deze twee fundamenten van de moderne natuurkunde zijn al tientallen jaren onderwerp van onderzoek en discussie. De kwantummechanica beschrijft de wereld van de kleinste deeltjes, terwijl de relativiteitstheorie zich bezighoudt met de structuur van ruimte-tijd en zwaartekracht.

De holografische hypothese kan een kader bieden waarin beide theories kunnen samensmelten. Het idee dat informatie op een tweedimensionaal oppervlak kan worden gecodeerd, kan helpen bij het begrijpen van hoe zwaartekracht en kwantummechanica samen kunnen bestaan. Dit is cruciaal voor het oplossen van enkele van de grootste raadsels in de moderne natuurkunde, zoals zwarte gaten en de unificatie van de fundamentele krachten van de natuur. De holografische hypothese biedt een mogelijke route om deze complexe problemen te ontrafelen, wat zou kunnen leiden tot een nieuwe, geïntegreerde theorie van alles.

5.3. Filosofische Overpeinzingen

De implicaties van een holografisch universum reiken verder dan de natuurkunde en strekken zich uit naar diepere filosofische vragen over bewustzijn, perceptie en de aard van de werkelijkheid zelf. Als de werkelijkheid niet is wat het lijkt en we ons in een soort holografische simulatie bevinden, hoe verhouden we ons dan tot deze "realiteit"? Draagt deze kennis bij aan een gevoel van onbehagen of juist aan een grotere verbondenheid met het universum?

Bovendien roept de holografische hypothese vragen op over de aard van het bewustzijn. Is ons bewustzijn ook een product van deze holografische structuur? Wat betekent dit voor ons begrip van zelf en identiteit? Als onze ervaringen en waarnemingen slechts een projectie zijn, wat zegt dat dan over de essentie van wie we zijn en hoe we de wereld om ons heen ervaren?

6. Kritiek en Beperkingen

Ondanks de fascinerende aard van de holografische hypothese, zijn er ook kritische stemmen binnen de wetenschappelijke gemeenschap. Deze kritiek richt zich op verschillende aspecten van de hypothese en roept twijfels op over de haalbaarheid en toepasbaarheid ervan.

6.1. Ontbrekende Bewijzen

Een van de grootste kritieken op de holografische hypothese is het gebrek aan directe experimentele bewijsvoering. Hoewel er theoretische ondersteuning voor de hypothese bestaat, zijn de meeste bewijzen indirect en gebaseerd op modellen en aannames. Dit roept vragen op over de validiteit van de theorie. Zonder solide, experimentele gegevens is het moeilijk om de holografische hypothese als een gevestigde waarheid te beschouwen. Wetenschappers benadrukken dat theorieën in de natuurkunde altijd moeten worden ondersteund door empirische data om als geldig te worden beschouwd.

6.2. Complexiteit van de Realiteit

Een ander belangrijk punt van kritiek is dat de werkelijkheid te complex is om volledig te worden begrepen door middel van holografische principes. De natuur kent veel facetten en fenomenen die moeilijk te vangen zijn in een tweedimensionaal model. Dit kan leiden tot een oversimplificatie van de complexe structuren en interacties die we in het universum waarnemen. Sommige wetenschappers pleiten voor een bredere benadering waarbij verschillende theoretische modellen in overweging worden genomen, in plaats van de holografische hypothese als de enige verklaring te beschouwen.

6.3. Alternatieve Modellen

Tot slot is het belangrijk op te merken dat er verschillende andere modellen en theorieën in de natuurkunde bestaan die ook proberen de structuur van het universum te verklaren. De holografische hypothese is slechts een van de vele benaderingen. Wetenschappers blijven onderzoeken en debatteren over de beste manieren om de complexiteit van het universum te begrijpen, en het is waarschijnlijk dat de uiteindelijke waarheid een combinatie van verschillende theorieën zal zijn, in plaats van het product van één enkele hypothese.

Conclusie

De holografische hypothese stelt dat de informatie die we waarnemen in drie dimensies, zoals ruimte en tijd, eigenlijk kan worden beschreven als een tweedimensionale structuur die op een soort "grens" ligt. Dit idee is geïnspireerd door de natuurkunde van zwarte gaten en de kwantummechanica. Het suggereert dat de werkelijkheid zoals wij die ervaren, misschien niet de ultieme realiteit is, maar eerder een projectie van informatie die opgeslagen is op een veel eenvoudiger niveau. Dit concept daagt de traditionele opvattingen van ruimte en tijd uit en roept vragen op over de fundamentele aard van ons bestaan.

In de afgelopen decennia heeft de holografische hypothese de interesse gewekt van wetenschappers, vooral binnen de theoretische natuurkunde. Het heeft geleid tot nieuwe inzichten in de kwantumzwaartekracht, een gebied dat probeert de principes van de kwantummechanica te combineren met de wetten van de zwaartekracht. Onderzoekers zoals Juan Maldacena hebben belangrijke bijdragen geleverd aan dit veld door aan te tonen dat de holografische principes toepasbaar zijn op bepaalde modellen van het universum, zoals in de context van anti-de Sitter ruimtes.

Naast de wetenschappelijke implicaties roept de holografische hypothese ook diepere filosofische vragen op. Wat betekent het voor onze perceptie van de werkelijkheid als deze slechts een projectie blijkt te zijn? Hoe verhouden ons bewustzijn en onze ervaringen zich tot deze mogelijke 'tweedimensionale' werkelijkheid? Deze vragen stellen ons in staat om na te denken over de aard van de menselijke ervaring en de grenzen van ons begrip.

Toch zijn er ook kritieken op de holografische hypothese. Tegenstanders wijzen op de moeilijkheid om empirisch bewijs te verzamelen dat de theorie ondersteunt. Problemen met de interpretatie en het gebrek aan praktische toepassingen blijven uitdagingen voor wetenschappers.

In conclusie biedt de holografische hypothese een fascinerend perspectief dat ons aanmoedigt om verder te kijken dan de traditionele opvattingen van de werkelijkheid. Het roept ons op om de mysteries van het universum te onderzoeken en onze plaats daarin opnieuw te overdenken. Ondanks de uitdagingen en onzekerheden die het met zich meebrengt, blijft het een rijke bron van inspiratie en discussie voor zowel natuurkundigen als filosofen.

Referenties

1. Maldacena, J. (1997). "The Large N Limit of Superconformal Field Theories and Supergravity". Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics.
2. Bousso, R. (2002). "The holographic principle". Reviews of Modern Physics.
3. 't Hooft, G. (1993). "Dimensional Reduction in Quantum Gravity". gr-qc/9310026.
4. Susskind, L. (1995). "The World as a Hologram". Journal of Mathematical Physics.

{ PETER2011 }

09-04-2025 om 00:00 geschreven door peter  

Titan as seen by James Webb.

Image Credit: SCIENCE: NASA, ESA, CSA, Webb Titan GTO Team IMAGE PROCESSING: Alyssa Pagan (STScI).

Europa

Europa’s smooth, icy surface is crisscrossed with brownish lines — likely fractures in its outer shell. Below that ice lies a global ocean that may contain twice as much water as Earth. Scientists believe the ocean is kept warm by tidal forces created by Jupiter’s gravity, which flex the moon’s interior and generate heat.

What makes Europa so fascinating?

• Evidence of a subsurface saltwater ocean

• Active geological resurfacing, possibly from erupting water

• Oxygen and other materials on the surface that may mix with the ocean below

NASA’s Europa Clipper mission will fly by the moon dozens of times to investigate whether it could support life.

Enceladus

Enceladus is smaller than Europa but just as mysterious. In 2005, NASA’s Cassini spacecraft captured stunning images of plumes of water vapor erupting from its south pole — shooting ice particles and organic molecules into space.

Key discoveries:

• Cryovolcanic geysers that erupt through surface cracks

• Organic compounds, silica particles, and salt — all signs of an underground ocean

• Detection of phosphates, essential for life as we know it

The presence of heat, water, and organic material make Enceladus one of the most exciting candidates for extraterrestrial life in the solar system.

Phobos and Deimos: Mars’s Mysterious Moons

Talking about mysterious moons, Mars has two tiny ones, Phobos and Deimos, and both present puzzles that still don’t have clear answers.

Phobos, the larger of the two, is slowly spiraling toward Mars and may eventually crash into the planet or break apart and form a ring. It’s oddly shaped, heavily cratered, and appears to be made of carbon-rich rock, not unlike certain asteroids.

Theories about its origin include:

• A captured asteroid from the outer solar system

• A re-accreted fragment from a massive impact on Mars

Deimos is even smaller and more distant, with a smoother appearance. Both moons challenge traditional models of how natural satellites form, and Japan’s upcoming Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) mission hopes to return samples from Phobos to help solve the mystery.

Triton and Titan: Outliers with Odd Behavior

Two other moons, mysterious moons — Triton (Neptune’s largest moon) and Titan (Saturn’s largest) — are full of strange surprises.

Triton

Triton is the only large moon in the solar system that orbits in the opposite direction of its planet’s rotation. This retrograde motion suggests it was once a captured object, possibly a dwarf planet from the Kuiper Belt.

It’s geologically active, with ice volcanoes, nitrogen geysers, and a frozen crust. Triton may also harbor a subsurface ocean.

NASA is currently studying potential flyby missions to Triton under its Trident concept, which would aim to investigate its active surface and interior.

Titan

Titan, Saturn’s largest moon, is the only moon with a dense atmosphere and features rivers, lakes, and seas — of liquid methane and ethane.

Despite the frigid temperatures, Titan’s chemistry is considered a potential analog for early Earth. NASA’s upcoming Dragonfly mission will send a rotorcraft to fly across Titan’s surface and explore its complex organic chemistry in the 2030s.

These moons aren’t just rocks in orbit — they are worlds in their own right, with active geology, unique atmospheres, and potential habitats for life. What makes them mysterious moons isn’t just their strange behaviors, but how little we still know about them.

In the coming decades, space agencies will focus on missions to these moons to answer questions that could reshape our understanding of planetary formation — and perhaps even the origin of life.

Each of these mysterious moons represents a new frontier in the search for answers about the solar system’s past — and our place in it.

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