The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
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Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld Ontdek de Fascinerende Wereld van UFO's en UAP's: Jouw Bron voor Onthullende Informatie!
Ben jij ook gefascineerd door het onbekende? Wil je meer weten over UFO's en UAP's, niet alleen in België, maar over de hele wereld? Dan ben je op de juiste plek!
België: Het Kloppend Hart van UFO-onderzoek
In België is BUFON (Belgisch UFO-Netwerk) dé autoriteit op het gebied van UFO-onderzoek. Voor betrouwbare en objectieve informatie over deze intrigerende fenomenen, bezoek je zeker onze Facebook-pagina en deze blog. Maar dat is nog niet alles! Ontdek ook het Belgisch UFO-meldpunt en Caelestia, twee organisaties die diepgaand onderzoek verrichten, al zijn ze soms kritisch of sceptisch.
Nederland: Een Schat aan Informatie
Voor onze Nederlandse buren is er de schitterende website www.ufowijzer.nl, beheerd door Paul Harmans. Deze site biedt een schat aan informatie en artikelen die je niet wilt missen!
Internationaal: MUFON - De Wereldwijde Autoriteit
Neem ook een kijkje bij MUFON (Mutual UFO Network Inc.), een gerenommeerde Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in de VS en wereldwijd. MUFON is toegewijd aan de wetenschappelijke en analytische studie van het UFO-fenomeen, en hun maandelijkse tijdschrift, The MUFON UFO-Journal, is een must-read voor elke UFO-enthousiasteling. Bezoek hun website op www.mufon.com voor meer informatie.
Samenwerking en Toekomstvisie
Sinds 1 februari 2020 is Pieter niet alleen ex-president van BUFON, maar ook de voormalige nationale directeur van MUFON in Vlaanderen en Nederland. Dit creëert een sterke samenwerking met de Franse MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP, wat ons in staat stelt om nog meer waardevolle inzichten te delen.
Let op: Nepprofielen en Nieuwe Groeperingen
Pas op voor een nieuwe groepering die zich ook BUFON noemt, maar geen enkele connectie heeft met onze gevestigde organisatie. Hoewel zij de naam geregistreerd hebben, kunnen ze het rijke verleden en de expertise van onze groep niet evenaren. We wensen hen veel succes, maar we blijven de autoriteit in UFO-onderzoek!
Blijf Op De Hoogte!
Wil jij de laatste nieuwtjes over UFO's, ruimtevaart, archeologie, en meer? Volg ons dan en duik samen met ons in de fascinerende wereld van het onbekende! Sluit je aan bij de gemeenschap van nieuwsgierige geesten die net als jij verlangen naar antwoorden en avonturen in de sterren!
Heb je vragen of wil je meer weten? Aarzel dan niet om contact met ons op te nemen! Samen ontrafelen we het mysterie van de lucht en daarbuiten.
08-05-2025
Mars Has Many Features that Match Earth
Mars Has Many Features that Match Earth
By Matthew Williams
Mars has wave-like soil patterns that match those found on Earth. This image, taken from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, shows the patterns inside a Mars crater. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/UArizona
Despite being cold, desiccated, and having a thin atmosphere, Mars is similar to Earth in many ways. For instance, both planets have polar ice caps, a similar day/night cycle, and tilted axes. At one time, Mars had a thicker atmosphere and warmer temperatures that allowed water to flow across its surface. Despite the transition that led to its becoming the inhospitable place we see today, there are also indications that Mars' climate is shaped by the same kind of dynamic forces that Earth is.
In a new study, a team of international researchers led by the University of Rochester found another curious similarity while examining soil features on Mars. According to their analysis, these features look similar to wave-shaped soil patterns known as solifluction lobes. On Earth, these same patterns have been observed in the planet's coldest regions and are caused by freeze-thaw cycles. These findings offer new insights into geological processes on Mars and clues about Mars' past climate and potential habitability.
Their researchers used satellite images from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) aboard NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO). Using this data, they analyzed nine craters on Mars and compared them to sites on Earth. This revealed that the wave-like landforms on Mars were similar in shape and geometry to solifluction lobes found on Earth. As Glade explained in a University of Rochester press release, these patterns "are large, slow-moving, granular examples of common patterns found in everyday fluids, like paint dripping down a wall."
She added that these features grow (on average) 2.6 times taller on Mars before they collapse. According to the team's analysis, this difference is consistent with the physical properties of Martian regolith and the planet's weaker gravity (roughly 38% of Earth's gravity). On Earth, these features are found in the Arctic, the Rocky Mountains, and other cold, mountainous regions and form when frozen soil partially thaws, which loosens the soil enough for it to move downhill slowly over time.
Since Mars also experiences seasonal variations in temperature and solar exposure, it likely experiences similar freeze-thaw cycles. However, due to Mars' thin atmosphere, these cycles are likely driven by sublimation, where the ice instantly turns to vapor rather than thawing into liquid water. Nevertheless, this suggests that Mars may have once had icy conditions similar to Earth's that shaped its surface. This offers additional information on the evolution of the Martian climate, when it was once warm and watery.
It could also inform existing and future astrobiology missions searching for signs of past (or even present) life! But as Sleiman explained, additional research is required:
"Understanding how these patterns form offers valuable insight into Mars' climate history, especially the potential for past freezing and thawing cycles, though more work is needed to tell if these features formed recently or long ago. Ultimately, this research could help us identify signs of past or present environments on other planets that may support or limit potential life."
The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope Could Study Dying Planets
The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope Could Study Dying Planets
By Matthew Williams
Orbital decay, where planets eventually fall into their stars and are consumed, is a major aspect of how planetary systems evolve. Before the first exoplanet orbiting a Sun-like star was observed in 1995, astronomers only had the Solar System to inform their models. Since then, surveys by ground-based and space-based telescopes have detected thousands of exoplanets. Thanks to next-generation telescopes like theJames Webb Space Telescope (JWST), astronomers can also characterize them.
Among the exoplanets observed, thousands of short- and medium-period planets have been observed around many different types of stars, giving astronomers the chance to study orbital decay. But so far, there have been very few direct detections of exoplanets that support this theory. According to a recent NASA-supported study, the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (RST) will be a game-changer, providing astronomers with many more opportunities to study planets with decaying orbits directly.
The research was led by Kylee Carden, a graduate student in the Department of Astronomy at The Ohio State University (OSU). She was joined by B. Scott Gaudi, the Thomas Jefferson Professor for Discovery and Space Exploration and a University Distinguished Scholar at OSU, and Robert F. Wilson, a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Maryland and NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. The study was part of Carden's graduate work at Ohio State and is currently under review for publication in The Astronomical Journal.
As noted, previous studies have found indirect evidence that planets are consumed in young star systems, ultimately shaping their planetary distribution. This has been noted with Hot Jupiters, which are quite common in the current exoplanet census. These gas giants that orbit closely with their stars have been the subject of immense curiosity to scientists since it was believed that gas giants could only form at greater distances from their stars. As Carden told Universe Today via email, these findings suggest that young systems are shaped by planetary migration:
"First, several studies have found that stars hosting close-in, massive planets (hot Jupiters) are younger than average. This hint could suggest a hot Jupiter destruction mechanism. Second, hot Jupiters are found less frequently around subgiant stars than main sequence stars. Since orbital decay is expected to be more rapid for planets orbiting subgiants, this is another hint that orbital decay could be acting as a destruction mechanism."
However, direct evidence of this destruction mechanism has been lacking, with only two candidates supporting this theory. These include WASP-12b, a hot Jupiter that orbits so close to its parent star that it is being torn apart, as indicated by its oblong shape, and Kepler 1658b, another hot Jupiter with a very close orbit to its star and a very short orbital period. However, this is expected to change shortly, thanks to the deployment of the RST in 2027, which will conduct a series of Core Community Surveys, including the Galactic Bulge Time Domain Survey (GBTDS).
"The Roman Space Telescope's GBTDS is going to observe towards the Galactic Bulge, a region dense with stars near the center of our Galaxy," said Carden. "It has been estimated that Roman will detect ~100,000 transiting planets alone. With all of these planets and an exquisite dataset, we can search for orbital decay, and our baseline estimate is that roughly 5-10 instances of orbital decay will be detectable."
The GBTDS will leverage Roman's Wide Field Instrument (WFI, 2.4-meter (7.87 ft) aperture primary mirror and broad near-infrared (NIR) sensitivity to conduct high-precision observations towards the center of the Milky Way. The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and Kepler Space Telescope could detect exoplanets 150 and 2,000 light years from Earth. However, the RST will be sensitive enough to detect planet candidates up to 26,000 light years away. Specifically, the GBTDS will look for microlensing events, which occur when objects come into near-perfect alignment with a background star.
The gravitational force of these objects alters the curvature of spacetime around them, causing light from the background star to become distorted and magnified. These rare alignments act as a "lens," causing a spike in brightness that alerts astronomers to microlensing events. This will allow the RST to detect exoplanets up to 65,230 light-years away (∼20 kpc) in unexplored regions of the Milky Way. As Carden indicated, this will create a new census of exoplanets that is far more complete:
"Roman will detect exoplanets far outside the Solar neighborhood, showing us what the Galactic population of exoplanets looks like. Roman will illuminate whether orbital decay is a common phenomenon and whether it is typically the ultimate destiny of close-in planets to spiral into their stars. Roman will also help us better understand the physics of tidal dissipation in stars."
These findings could revolution our current models for how systems form and evolve, including our own! For many years, astronomers have speculated that the early Solar System looked vastly different from what it looks like today. This could also inform astrobiology studies, allowing scientists to learn how planets settle into a star's habitable zone (HZ), potentially giving rise to life.
A Gateway to the Future…and the Past! – The Dodleston Messages!
Anyone who has followed my work, or listened to me speak on podcasts, radio, or online shows, will know that I very much believe that most, if not all paranormal events are connected, and furthermore, one of the most crucial aspects of these paranormal events, in my opinion, will one day shown to be portals – windows or gateways that allow for such anomalous events to take place. Perhaps one case that incorporates many paranormal events and also appears to be the result of some kind of window or gateway, perhaps opened by energy from leylines, is the Dodleston mystery, a case that revolves around poltergeist-like activity and bizarre communications across time itself.
The encounters themselves unfolded between 1984 and 1985 in a small village named Dodleston in Cheshire in the northwest of England and were detailed in the 1989 book The Vertical Plane by Ken Webster. They largely involved an economics teacher – Ken, a pseudonym – and his girlfriend, Debbie, and their friend, Nicola (Nic) Bagguley. The pair moved into the small cottage in the village in the autumn of 1984, and it didn’t take long for the bizarre events to begin presenting themselves to them. In fact, these mystifying encounters began almost as soon as the trio moved in.
One morning, while strolling around the cottage, Ken noticed strange six-toed footprints outside leading to the building, then seemingly walking up the walls, and then disappearing into the ceiling. Perplexed, Ken told the two women of his find, and after examining them for a little while, all agreed that the strange prints must have been part of some kind of joke or prank. Ken painted over them, and they put the events out of their minds. The following day, however, they found the same footprints in the same place. As strange as these events were, they were only the start.
As the days and weeks went on, Ken, Debbie, and Nic all began noticing baffling activities taking place in the cottage. They began finding, for example, cans of food or boxes stacked as high as four feet, sometimes one on top of the other, sometimes in a pyramid shape. Despite these truly strange events, the three tenants still convinced themselves that locals were likely behind the surreal activities, likely as part of some kind of strange welcoming hoax. They even began mentioning the activities to several local residents in the hope that one of them would admit they were behind them. However, all acted as confused as Ken, Debbie, and Nic, with no one holding their hands up and admitting they were, in fact, behind the high strangeness taking place in the picturesque cottage.
As time went on, the curious events continued. All three of those living in the cottage began noticing strange icy cold spots in random places of the building, and chalk marks began to appear on the walls. Stranger still, bizarre, windy breezes began appearing around them as if a strange and isolated wind had appeared out of nowhere inside the cottage. On one occasion, this suddenly appearing wind was so strong that it lifted a newspaper into the air and several feet across the room. Perhaps most unnerving of all, though, was the feeling that all three of them had that someone – or something – was watching them. When they began to hear unsettling footsteps inside the cottage, the notion that someone was gaining access to the property was seemingly confirmed, even more so when they began noticing disturbing track marks on the floor of the cottage. These events, though, were about to escalate even more.
One evening, as Nic was in her bedroom, a room directly above the kitchen, she noticed a bizarre “dense shadow” pass right past her window. At the exact time Nic claimed to have seen this shadowy figure, Ken and Debbie woke in their bedroom suddenly, each with the intense feeling that someone was in the room watching them. With these strange events continuing on an increasingly regular basis, the three tenants began to contemplate for the first time if there could be another otherworldly explanation for this bizarre activity – essentially, they wondered if the cottage could be haunted, or that a poltergeist might be present.
By pure chance, it was around this time that Ken borrowed a BBC computer from the school where he worked. He had done so as a favor to Nic, who wished to use it to write comedy sketches (she had ambitions of entering show business). It would, though, prove to be the key part of the remarkable and fascinating events that were about to escalate dramatically.
It was a Sunday in December 1984, and the trio, more than eager to get out of the cottage for a few hours, had spent the afternoon at a nearby public house talking with a mutual friend. Without realizing it, Nic had left the computer on in the cottage when they left. Upon returning, the three of them noticed a bizarre, green glow coming from the windows of the cottage, a similar green, incidentally, to the color of the text on the computer screen when writing. Intrigued and unsettled in equal measure, they opened the door to the cottage and went inside. Ken immediately made his way to the room where the computer was and discovered a file on the system that was not there previously, named KDN. He opened the file, which opened a document that contained a poem of sorts. It read:
“Ken, Deb, Nic,
True are the nightmares of a person that fears.
Safe are the bodies of the silent world.
Turn pretty flower, turn towards the sun for you shall grow and sow.
But the flower reaches too high and withers in the burning light.
Get out your bricks!
Pussy Cat, Pussy Cat went to London to seek fame and fortune.
Faith must not be lost for this shall be your redeemer!”
The text was signed, “L.W.”
It was clear to the group that the file name – KDN – had been chosen to represent the first letters of their respective names, Ken, Debbie, and Nic. Writing in his book The Vertical Plane, Ken stated that as he read the message, “the most disturbing and cliché-ridden feeling came over” him. He elaborated that “a shiver ran down” his spine that “threatened to shake” his feet. Despite this, as well as the bizarre events that had been taking place for several months, he convinced himself that this poem was the work of some kind of “computer prankster!” He even, albeit briefly, suspected that Debbie or Nic, perhaps both of them, could be behind the strange file.
The strange activity continued over the following weeks. Just before Christmas 1984, for example, Nic decided that she was going to return home to Basingstoke for the festivities and would return in the new year. The day before she left, the trio discovered another pile of tinned food in the kitchen. It occurred to them that these piles were almost always stacked close to an exposed brick pillar that showed part of the original brickwork of the house. They contemplated whether there was some kind of connection to this original part of the previous building and the bizarre events that had engulfed their lives over the previous months.
Several weeks into the new year, in February 1985, Ken once more borrowed a BBC computer from the school so that Nic could use it again for her work. That Sunday evening, as the trio returned to the cottage after having spent the afternoon once more at a local pub, they discovered another bizarre message on the system. This time, the language used appeared to be Early Modern English (something used between 1500 and 1700). It read:
“I wryte on behalf of many. Wot strange wordes thou speake, although, I muste confess that I hath also been ill schooled. Some thymes methinks alterations are somewot barful, for they breake mane a sleep in myne bed.
Thou art goodly man who hath fanciful woman who dwel in myne home, I hath no want to affrey, for onlie syth myne half wyted antic has ripped attwain myne bound hath I beene wrethed a nyte.
I hath seene manye alterations lasty charge house and thou home, tis a fitting place, with lytes whiche devil maketh, and costly thynges, that onlie myne friend, Edmund Grey can affore, or the king himselve. Twas a greate cryme to hath bribed myne house. — LW”
To say the three of them were confused by the message would be an understatement. Ken, though, began to feel increasingly drawn to the message, or more specifically, the person who had written it. He wrote in The Vertical Plane:
“After the initial shock, I became absorbed by it. We all were. The questions flew faster than storm-driven hailstones and vanished as quickly. A ghost? A spirit? A poltergeist? No clear answers. No answers of any kind!”
Ken decided to print out the message so that he could show it to some of his fellow teachers and get their respective opinions on it. Most of those he showed took little interest in it and offered that it was nothing but nonsense. One person, though – Peter Trinder, the head of the Sixth Form and lifelong student of the English language – took an immediate interest in the text. He spent a considerable amount of time discussing the strange activity at Meadow Cottage with Ken, stating that the language appeared to him to be the genuine language used in the sixteenth or seventeenth centuries, adding that only a person who had extensive expertise in the English language of this era would have been able to fake the writing convincingly. He asked Ken to keep him informed on the strangeness unfolding at the cottage and to show him any further messages he might receive. Ken happily agreed. He was, though, a little disappointed when no further messages appeared on the computer over the following days. He decided to take matters into his own hands, deciding that if someone (LW) could send messages to him on the computer, perhaps he could send messages to them. He sat at the computer and typed:
“Dear LW – thank you for your message. We’re sorry for disturbing you. What would you like us to do? Did you live in a house on this land about 1620? Do you want to us to tell you more about our time? Who is Edmund Grey? Do you have a family? Is the King James or Charles? What is the charge house? Was this village called Dodleston in your life? Thank you very much for your messages. Thank you very much for not making us afraid.”
Ken then saved the message to a computer disc before he, Debbie, and Nic ventured out to the Red Lion pub, where they would spend the rest of the afternoon. They purposely left the computer on when they left in the hope that they would return home to find a message waiting for them. When they did return from the pub several hours later, that is exactly what they discovered.
According to this new mystery correspondence, LW had once lived in a house that sat on the land that Meadow Cottage was built on, with some of the original buildings now incorporated into the modern-day structure. He had lived there, he claimed, in the sixteenth century, and named Henry as “his king,” suggesting that he was alive during the reign of Henry VIII. Answering Ken’s question as to who Edmund Gray was, LW offered that he was “the brother of John Grey” who lived at “Kintertone Hall”, elaborating that his charge house was a “place of law schooling!” Once more, he signed the message as LW, but this time added a date – 28th March 1521.
As exciting as this new message was, there were several issues that the trio immediately noticed. LW, for example, had stated that King Henry was “six and 40!” However, in 1521, the date LW signed, Henry VIII was only 30 years old. Peter Trinder also noticed further inaccuracies, perhaps most notably that Kinerton Hall was not built until around 200 years after the early sixteenth century. Furthermore, there seemed to be no records whatsoever of Edmund Grey or John Grey during the time in question. Peter also highlighted the use of modern punctuation, something that was not used in the early sixteenth century.
With all of this in mind, Ken, Debbie, and Nic began to contemplate once more that they were the victims of some kind of hoax, and, of more concern, that someone was indeed gaining access to the property to leave these strange messages. As unsettled and confused as they were by these mind-bending events, when the following weekend arrived, Ken brought the computer system home with him once more. All three were eager to see if more messages would appear, and appear they did.
In these latest messages, LW revealed more information about himself. He claimed, for example, that he was a farmer who kept livestock. He had a wife and a son, but both of them had died during a plague in 1517. He mainly farmed barley that was sold and then made into ale, but he also made cheese on the farm for extra income. The building itself, he stated, was a “humble home” made from red stone, a detail that matched what Ken and Debbie had discovered when they had renovated the cottage when they first moved in several months previously. He also stated that he was able to communicate with them with a “Leems Boyste” – or what was interpreted to be a “box of lights” – essentially, it appeared this was LW’s description of the computer. Perhaps most interesting, instead of simply signing the message LW, he signed with his full name – Lukas Wainman.
As well as the information in the message, Lukas was troubled by the strange events, even insinuating that Ken, Debbie, and Nic were the intruders in his home and not the other way around. Of more concern to Lukas were the potential consequences of the authorities (in his time) of the strange events he found himself involved in.
Once more, Ken printed out the message and showed it to Peter Trinder, and once more, he examined the text searching for inaccuracies. However, this time, rather than finding any areas of concern, Peter offered that the overall structure of the writing appeared to be indicative of the early to mid-sixteenth century, including the use of random Latin words. Moreover, he also determined that the person who had written the message was likely from the Cheshire region, something that Lukas had seemingly confirmed.
These communications between Ken, Debbie, and Nic in the mid-1980s and Lukas in the mid-sixteenth century continued. And as they did, more and more accurate information was offered. Lukas stated, for example, that his king (Henry VIII) was married to Katherine Parr. This would have placed Lukas at some point in the 1540s, a detail that matched very nicely with other details he had given previously. There were, however, still certain names and people that couldn’t be identified in the historical record. The group reasoned that in the 1540s, many small parishes (which Dodleston undoubtedly was) wouldn’t have necessarily kept records of every person. Moreover, even those records that were made might not have survived into the modern era.
The communications continued, and as they did, so did the revelations. Perhaps one of the most intriguing came after Ken told Lukas in one of his replies that he was writing to him from the year 1985. Lukas was seemingly surprised at this, stating that he thought that Ken was “also from 2109, like your friend!” This caused the group concern, not least as it implied that a third person, one from over 100 years in the future, was also watching these strange events, perhaps even orchestrating them. What’s more, it seemed that this third person was also communicating directly with Lukas.
Whatever the truth of the matter, Ken was more convinced than ever that these strange events were not some kind of hoax or prank by bored locals, but were something all the more out of the ordinary and profound. Not only was more and more information given by Lukas confirmed as accurate, but the replies themselves were coming increasingly faster, sometimes when Ken and Debbie were still in the house. Although they were usually in another room from the computer, this meant the idea that someone was entering the property to leave the messages had to be dismissed. Although they were at peace with the idea that a person living 400 years ago was somehow communicating with them via the computer system, they were still at a loss as to how “2109” connected to these surreal events.
As Ken had done with Lukas several months earlier, he took the initiative and typed out a message for 2109 on the computer. Much to their surprise, a reply promptly came back to them. It read:
“Ken, Deb, Peter – We are sorry that we can give you only two choices. One, that you either have your predicament explained in such a way that you have instant understanding but cause what should not happen, or, two, try to understand that you three have a purpose that shall in your lifetime, change the face of history. We, 2109, must not affect your thoughts directly, but give you some sort of guidance that will allow room for your own destiny. All we can say is that we are all part of the same god!”
To say that the group in 1985 was perplexed by this response would be an understatement. Was 2109 behind these bizarre events? And if so, what was the reason for bringing Lukas and them together? Of rising concern to Ken and Debbie, as these communications continued, the unsettling poltergeist-like activity was not only continuing, but the unsettling events were becoming increasingly intense. They all continued to hear the apparent phantom footsteps around the cottage, for example, as well as the sudden temperature drops in random rooms. These icy temperatures were so cold that a person could see their breath in front of them, as though it was the middle of winter. They also began discovering more and more writing written in chalk around the property, with one of the words found being “Lukas!”
It was around this time that Nic decided she had experienced enough and decided to move out of the property. Although Ken and Debbie continued to live at Meadow Cottage, Debbie had rented a small flat nearby so she had the option to get away from the strangeness for a night or two to get a good night’s sleep. It also gave her the chance to properly research the area in an attempt to find some kind of explanation for the inexplicable events unfolding around her and Ken. She discovered that, according to some researchers, leylines (natural lines of energy) ran straight through the land where the cottage sat, and she began to wonder if this natural convergence of energy was responsible for the bizarre events they had witnessed at the small abode.
Of more concern – and intrigue – to Debbie, though, was the strange, intense dreams she began experiencing, dreams which often involved Lukas, or at least what her subconscious perception of Lukas was. The more she had these dreams the more vivid and intense they became, leading her to eventually contemplate if they were much more than dreams and some kind of actual interaction with Lukas across time itself. Indeed, while wild speculation, we might consider if these dreams were, in fact, some kind of out-of-body experience where Debbie’s astral self was projected to the past, 400 years into the past. And if this was the case, could the leylines that ran through the property have some kind of connection to these remarkable events?
At this point, Ken and Debbie, along with Peter, decided to contact the Society of Psychical Research (SPR), which had been investigating paranormal events since 1882. SPR investigators David Welch and John Bucknell arrived at the cottage several days later. After carrying out an initial investigation, they proposed several actions they could take to try and get to the truth of what was going on. They suggested that they would send ten questions to 2109 and then delete the file from the computer, insisting that Ken, Debbie, and Peter should not know any details of these questions. Moreover, they insisted that all of them stay away from the computer until they received a reply. They agreed, and several days later, a reply came. It read:
“David, you interfere with communication. Next time you decide to perform your little experiment you must be clear. From here we suggest you try someone else to sit with Debbie. Yes we are what you call a Tachyon Universe but your understanding is incorrect. We ask nothing more of you than to carry on as you would prefer. We will have John present if given choice or you may bring another as mentioned. No, it is no concern to us that this is not proved. We will give you a plotting of a star next time. We move at a speed so that we cover every point in your time and universe. We have no form. We feed of a heat energy that you will not have heard of. 2109.”
David stated that although 2109 had not given any specific answers to the questions, they had highlighted them in their response, and had done so in the correct order. Both he and John remained skeptical, however, even offering some rather bizarre explanations. They stated, for example, that someone could have hidden microphones in the study where the computer system had been set up. They then stated that from the recordings picked up by these microphones, a person could have determined what questions had been typed from the sounds made on the keyboard. Ken and Debbie were shocked at the SPR agents’ suggestions and rejected them unreservedly. They were clear in their own minds that neither of them was behind the messages, but struggled with how they could prove this to the two investigators, or how they could demonstrate that the events taking place were very real.
It was around this time that Ken spoke of the bizarre happenings to another teacher at the school, Frank Davis, who also had an interest in such events, and agreed to go to the cottage to see the building for himself. He later claimed that as soon as he walked through the door and into the study, he noticed that the temperature in the room fell, going from comfortable to icy cold in a matter of seconds. After two minutes in the frozen conditions, the temperature suddenly returned to normal and did so as rapidly as it had fallen.
Shortly after his arrival, Frank joined Ken and Debbie in the kitchen to discuss the bizarre goings-on further. They returned to the study a short time later, and to their shock, a new message was awaiting them on the computer. This message, however, wasn’t from Lukas or 2109, but from a third person who stated his name was John. He claimed that he was a friend of Lukas, who, he stated, had been imprisoned by the local Sheriff after he had been accused of witchcraft and communicating with dark, otherworldly entities (the entities, the 1980s group assumed, were none other than themselves).
At this point, all Ken and Debbie could do was wait for further messages and, ultimately, learn Lukas’ fate. Meanwhile, as Ken and Debbie desperately waited for further information, Peter Trinder made some revelations of his own during his investigations of the messages. Lukas had claimed, for example, that he had attended Brasenose College at Oxford. Through a friend who was a librarian at the college, Peter had passed on the names of several books that Lukas had provided the names of in an attempt to prove his honesty and authenticity. Not only did Peter’s friend locate all of the books in question, but she confirmed that each of them had been published in the 1520s, the same time that Lukas claimed they had been.
With Lukas’ credibility seemingly beyond doubt, Ken and Debbie decided to send a message on the computer, one that would, they hoped, assist in having him freed from his imprisonment. Using purposely aggressive language, they insisted that this message should be taken to the Sheriff. In it, they stated that Lukas should be freed from prison immediately, and if he wasn’t, they would “use their powers” against them. Almost unbelievably, a short time after sending the message, they received a reply. It was from Lukas, and he was indeed free.
Following this, Ken asked Lukas if he was responsible for objects being moved around their house and if it was he who was piling objects up in the kitchen, as well as the other paranormal-like activity, such as the footsteps around the property. To their surprise, not only did Lukas insist that he was not responsible for this strange goings-on, but he was also experiencing the same thing in his time. Between them, they concluded that it must be 2109 who was somehow responsible for the bizarre disturbances taking place. Lukas suggested that Ken move the computer into the kitchen, where, from his perspective, Lukas could communicate more privately. He also asked Ken to leave a piece of paper and a pen near the computer, which Ken duly did.
The following morning, when Ken came downstairs and inspected the computer, instead of a typed message, he discovered a handwritten note. Moreover, instead of being signed by Lukas, it was signed by Thomas. Thomas (Lukas, remember) stated he had not wished to use his real name, to begin with. He had, though, he claimed, left clues as to his real name within his messages, specifically, his last name, adding that it was also the name of the place where Peter lived, which was Hawarden. With Peter’s assistance, Ken began researching and eventually discovered a man named Thomas Hawarden in the historical record. Moreover, this person had attended Brasenose College in the 1530s. After telling Debbie of what they had discovered, all were certain they had located their man and acquired proof that the person they were communicating with had indeed existed, and had done so at the time he claimed he had lived in. Then, things turned even stranger.
The computer had at this point been moved into the bathroom. One day, when Ken walked in, he discovered a new message. This one, though, had not been left on the computer, but had been scribbled onto the floor in chalk – and it wasn’t from Lukas, but from 2109. It read:
“One more chance. Measure frequency by plus two energy. What else other than sound and light? Ken, Deb, Peter – we have reason to believe you have Lukas Weinman’s true name. If this is correct, you must say so, so we can rectify the problem immediately before it is accepted!”
Ken didn’t respond to 2109 but instead messaged Thomas. He told him of the message from the mysterious 2109, and as the two messaged each other – 400 years apart – they began to fill in further parts of the big picture of the strange encounters. It seemed that 2109 – whoever they were – had been intercepting and even doctoring Thomas’ initial messages. This was, it was determined, in an apparent effort to prevent Ken from learning Thomas’ real name. Ken also concluded that this was why many of the initial messages contained inaccurate information. Finally believing they had the proof they required to prove the credibility of the strange events, Ken contacted SPR once more. However, rather than acting on this new information, the organization turned its back on the case, even going as far as to issue an official statement to a local newspaper. It read:
“Clearly, if this case is a hoax, then the two teachers (Ken and Peter) are the prime suspects. I believe it is also possible that a third party was responsible. I would’ve loved to prove it was genuine. It would’ve been the most unique phenomenon ever recorded. Something, or someone, is doing it. It was not the job of the SPR to point the finger!”
Ken took it upon himself to contact SPR to request all of the records of the investigation into their case. Much to his surprise, however, the organization responded that there were no records of such an investigation. Even stranger, they stated that one of the investigators whom Ken had named had seemingly disappeared completely, with all attempts to contact him proving unsuccessful. Stranger still, SPR claimed they had no records of David Welch having ever worked for the organization. They finished their dialogue with Ken by stating that there were no records of SPR ever investigating the strange events at Meadow Cottage. A short time after this, Ken received another message from 2109 – and this one was much more direct and contained specific information and instructions. It read:
“We ask you to do the following. There is a brilliant researcher (and) ufologist. We know you don’t like the word. His name is Gary M. Rowe. His ideas differ somewhat to yours but nevertheless he can help you with a couple of your problems. You phone him at the number below and invite him to talk with you. When he comes, show him this and ask him what he makes of it. Peter must do the telephoning. Tell him that you got a telephone number from a UFO enthusiast. 2109.”
Ken, Debbie, and Peter acted on the instructions and contacted Gary Rowe, who, ultimately, visited the cottage a short time later. He arrived with all manner of technical devices to carry out his investigation into these strange events. Part of his investigation involved him leaving messages for 2109 in a sealed envelope that he placed on top of the computer. Here is where things took another intriguing twist. Rather than 2109’s response coming via the computer, it seemingly came in the form of a printed piece of paper that had been placed inside the envelope. It was because of this that no one other than Rowe saw the responses from 2109. Rowe went out of his way to avoid speaking of the responses (something he ultimately never did). Eventually, Ken, Debbie, and Peter saw one of the messages from Rowe. It read:
“Greetings. I am instructed to apologize but in any event, I would have done so of my volition. There will be a letter hopefully this weekend. I am also instructed to apologize to Ken and Debbie. I must try and answer your last letter. It would appear that you are more important than I had realized in the big scheme of things. Gary.”
This led to a heated exchange between Rowe and Ken, which resulted in Rowe leaving the property. Neither Ken, Debbie, nor Peter ever heard from or saw Rowe again, and the contents of his communication with 2109 remain unknown. Despite this, Ken and Thomas continued to communicate, with Thomas telling Ken more of the events from his perspective in the mid-sixteenth century. He told Ken that one night, he was sitting in his house when he suddenly noticed a strange light coming out of the fireplace. Then, the next thing he knew, a man stepped out of the lights and told him not to be afraid. This mysterious individual also brought with him the “light box” (or computer, we might assume) to his kitchen. Thomas then revealed that when he spoke in the direction of the box his words appeared in bright green letters on the screen. Ultimately, these communications continued regularly until March 21st, 1985. On that day, Ken received what would be Thomas’s final message. It read:
“My true fellows and sweet maid – Grosner has said that Thomas must go. I know it is for the best because the people of Dodleston are very wary of me. It is good to know that all will change and there are true men to follow like Ken and Peter, though 400 years is a long time, and there is much to happen to mankind. Perhaps you will come to Oxford now I think there is no danger for me there for I hear the King is very sick and all is quiet in the church. I shall go by boat from Cheshire to Bristol. I shall try to make my stay at Brasenose. I will write my book about my brothers and maid, and the end of Lukas, and our love for one another. One day you will all sit down at my table for wine and mead by the river in Oxford where we shall read other’s books and laugh, and we shall speak of truth and good men watching Oxford change together forevermore. In your time, my book is old, but I shall not go to my god until it is written. Then we will all be truly be embraced. My love to you all. I shall await you in Oxford – Thomas Hawarden.”
It was, though, the final message that Ken received from 2109 that provided one final plot twist to the already bizarre events. It read:
“There is another to come. They will be the help we need. You will know when they come. Thomas did eventually write his book and he soon died shortly after. He placed it in a secure place. It shouldn’t take too many years to find it. Though he wrote it in Latin with the help of a friend that he met in Oxford. The inscription reads, ‘Me writes this with the hope that mind friends will one day find this book, then may our lands be not so distant’. We will finish now. You have a lot of work to do. There is no need to write back as we will have gone. Thank you for your cooperation. 2109.”
Following this last message, all communication, from Thomas and 2109, ceased completely. When Ken and Debbie went through all the messages once more, they totaled more than 300 between Thomas and 2109. Following the release of The Vertical Plane, several television documentaries were made exploring the fascinating events at Meadow Cottage, with the events that took place there never being satisfactorily explained. Ken and Debbie, incidentally, have never changed their version of events, with Debbie even stating that she believes the messages contain some kind of important information about future events.
It is also worth examining Peter Trinder’s thoughts on the remarkable events from the mid-1980s. He later stated that he had used several different English and Latin dictionaries to accurately decipher some of the messages, elaborating that for the messages to have been faked, it would have required the person behind them to have had intricate and accurate knowledge of Medieval languages. Although he ultimately believed the messages were credible, he also added years later that, “If it was a hoax, it was a jolly good one!”
There were, though, others who were far from convinced that the messages represented genuine communication across the centuries. Just one such person was Dr. Laura Wright from Cambridge University. She stated that the writer of the messages – a person claiming to have been in the 1540s, remember – often used verbs that hadn’t been used (in the sixteenth century) for hundreds of years, adding that whoever was behind the messages had a “terrible command” of the language of the times they claimed to have been living in.
Also of concern were the results of a computer software experiment where a sample message of Thomas’ was compared to a random sample of Ken’s writing. After an advanced computer system examined both pieces of writing, it determined that there was a possibility that they had been written by the same person (although we should point out that the results were far from conclusive). Ken, incidentally, dismissed these tests, stating that 300 words were not enough to arrive at such conclusions, even claiming that he believed the people behind the experiment (the makers of a BBC documentary) had selectively chosen a certain passage that had an increased chance of returning such a result.
Despite these areas of concern, however, it is largely regarded in the paranormal community to be a very credible case with bizarre events that still elude explanation. Many people, for example, including Debbie, have spoken in the years since in Ken’s defense, offering that he is an honest and credible person and not someone who would have risked his career and public ridicule to make such claims if they were not accurate. In short, he was a very trustworthy, serious person.
There are also several other intriguing details to note regarding the truly strange and bizarre goings-on at Meadow Cottage. Perhaps one of the strangest but most interesting details offered by 2109 about a mathematical theorem that was proposed in 1637 by Pierre de Fermat – often referred to as Fermat’s Last Theorem. According to 2109, this theorem would be solved within Ken’s lifetime. Despite having been unresolved for well over three centuries, in 1995, a decade after the messages had stopped, Andrew Wiles suddenly proved the theorem correct. Of course, while this could have been a coincidence, the fact that such a trivial detail was proven correct and accurate should not be ignored.
There are also the coordinates given by 2109 of an unknown star that this mysterious figure, seemingly from the future, claimed would be of great importance to humanity. Several years later, a quasar was discovered at the exact coordinates given by 2109.
It wasn’t just 2109 that had offered details that had proven to be remarkably accurate. We might recall that, at least according to his messages, Thomas claimed he had been imprisoned by Sheriff Thomas Fowlehurst. Initially, no records were discovered to prove whether or not such a person existed. However, several years after the bizarre events unfolded, records of a man named Sir Thomas Falhurst came to light, a man who the historical record shows was Sheriff of Cheshire in 1529, remarkably close to the time that Thomas also lived in.
As bizarre and bordering on the outrageous as these events undoubtedly are, there are many reasons to believe that some kind of strange three-way communications took place from three different points in time. While it is interesting enough to consider that people in the 1980s were communicating with a person from the mid-sixteenth century through a (now) basic computer system, when we add in 2109 and where they might fit into all of this, the incidents become even more mind-blowing and thought-provoking.
Perhaps one thing to consider is whether 2109 is an individual, a group, or an organization, and perhaps of more interest, is it possible that they orchestrated the events from over 100 years in the future? Given that they appeared to interfere in the communications, as well as, at least according to Thomas, providing Thomas with access to the computer, we might suspect this to be accurate. However, we might also recall that it was Ken who brought the computer system home from the school where he worked, which was beyond the control of 2109, whoever they might be. With this in mind, it is perhaps more likely that 2109 was simply opportunistic when presented with the bizarre goings-on taking place (to them) over 100 years earlier at the small cottage in Dodleston. If we accept, for a moment, that some kind of portal was responsible for connecting the three points in time, is it possible that 2109 – or the individuals identifying as 2109 – simply resided in a building that, in 2109, stood on the same land that Meadow Cottage did in the mid-1980s?
It is also worth our time considering the poltergeist-like activity. Was 2109 responsible for this? Or was whatever was responsible for allowing the communications to take place in the first place have allowed strange entities from another realm of existence access to Meadow Cottage? We might assume, given the content of 2109’s messages, not to mention the information they seemingly passed to Gary Rowe that remains undisclosed, that they would not have troubled themselves with such activities as moving around objects. We should also recall the six-toed footprints – surely another indicator that there were more entities at work here than Thomas, Ken and Debbie, and 2109, and these entities were themselves, highly strange.
We might also ask if this is an isolated incident, or if there are other, unreported cases of such encounters from around the world and across the decades. Could very similar, perhaps identical incidents be unfolding right now somewhere in an otherwise sleepy location on the planet? We might also consider if these types of encounters have happened throughout history, even in ancient times, as well as to individuals far into the future, much further than the year 2109. As speculative as all this is, could this explain prophets and wise men of the past, or even such individuals who were remarkably ahead of their time, such as Nikola Tesla or even Leonardo da Vinci? As usual with any such mysterious events, there are many more questions than answers, and the events very much remain open to debate, and all possibilities remain on the table.
Plans are underway to create new AI-powered drones that can fly for much longer than current designs.
Although neuromorphic computing was first proposed by scientist Carver Mead in the late 1980s, it is a field of computer design theory that is still in development.
(Image credit: Anton Petrus/Getty Images)
Scientists are developing an artificial intelligence (AI) chip the size of a grain of rice that can mimic human brains — and they plan to use it in miniature drones.
Although AI can automate monotonous functions, it is resource-intensive and requires large amounts of energy to operate. Drones also require energy for propulsion, navigation, sensing, stabilization and communication.
Larger drones can better compensate for AI's energy demands by using an engine, but smaller drones rely on battery power — meaning AI energy demands can reduce flying time from 45 minutes to just four.
But this may not be a problem forever., Suin Yi and his team at the University of Texas have been awarded funding by the 2025 Air Force Office of Scientific Research Young Investigator Program (part of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research) to develop an energy-efficient AI for drones. Their goal is to build a chip the size of a grain of rice with various AI capabilities — including autonomous piloting and object recognition — within three years.
Image: Getty Images
AI-powered miniature drones
To build a more energy-efficient AI chip, the scientists propose using conducting polymer thin films. These are (so far) an underused aspect of neuromorphic computing; this is a computer system that mimics the brain’s structure to enable highly efficient information processing.
The researchers intend to replicate how neurons learn and make decisions, thereby saving energy by only being used when required, similar to how a human brain uses different parts for different functions.
Although neuromorphic computing was first proposed by scientist Carver Mead in the late 1980s, it is a field of computer design theory that is still in development. In 2024, Intel unveiled their Hala Point neuromorphic computer, which is powered by more than 1,000 new AI chips and performs 50 times faster than conventional computing systems.
The YFQ-42A (bottom) and the YFQ-44A (top), depicted here in an artist rendering, are undergoing testing to prepare for their maiden flights later this summer, according to the US Air Force.
Image: US Air Force courtesy of General Atomics Aeronautical Systems and Anduril Industries
Meanwhile, the Joint Artificial Intelligence Center develops AI software and neuromorphic hardware. Their particular focus is on developing systems for sharing all sensor information with every member of a network of neuromorphic-enabled units. This technology could allow for greater situational awareness, with applications so far including headsets and robotics.
Using technology developed through this research, drones could become more intelligent by integrating conducting polymer material systems that can function like neurons in a brain.
If Yi’s research project is successful, miniature drones could become increasingly intelligent. An AI system using neuromorphic computing could allow smaller and smarter automated drones to be developed to provide remote monitoring in confined locations, with a much longer flying time.
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Scientists thought La Niña was coming. It didn't — at least for now. What could that mean for this year's hurricane season, and how might long-term climate change affect El Niño and La Niña patterns?
The ENSO can help forecasters predict how active the Atlantic hurricane season is.
So what happened — and how might that impact this summer's weather and the coming Atlantic hurricane season?
What is ENSO?
El Niño is a seasonal shift in Pacific Ocean temperatures that can suppress hurricanes, change rainfall patterns and bend the jet stream. Its cold-water counterpart, La Niña, tends to do the opposite: feed Atlantic hurricanes and elevate wildfire risk in the West. Together, they form the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
ENSO refers to seasonal climate shifts rooted in Pacific Ocean surface temperature changes. Changes in wind patterns and currents can draw cold water from the deep ocean, where it interacts with the atmosphere in complex ways. Even small deviations in sea surface temperatures can tilt global weather over the coming months toward hot and dry — or rainy and cool — depending on the region.
"It's an incredibly powerful system," said Emily Becker, a University of Miami research professor and co-author of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) ENSO blog. "El Niño and La Niña conditions affect rainfall, snow, temperature, the hurricane season, and tornado formation. They've been tied to fluctuations in the financial markets, crop yields, and all kinds of things.”
"Scientifically, we care about it because it's really cool," she told Live Science. "But practically, we care because it gives us this early idea about the next six to 12 months."
Scientists monitor a narrow strip in the Pacific Ocean near the equator. A 0.9-degree-Fahrenheit (0.5-degree Celsius) rise or fall in average surface temperature there, sustained for five overlapping three-month periods, can signal the onset of El Niño or La Niña, respectively.
However, the "average" is a moving target, based on a 30-year baseline, from 1991 to 2020, which is becoming outdated as the climate warms. "We're always playing catch-up," Tom Di Liberto, a former NOAA meteorologist and ENSO blog contributor, told Live Science.
ENSO-neutral patterns occur when surface temperatures hover near the long-term norm. But neutral doesn't mean benign — it may just mean the forecast is trickier.
La Niña Ends: What It Means for Hurricane Season and Beyond
Why was La Niña so short-lived?
Instead of asking why La Niña was short-lived, the better question might be whether it happened at all.
While ocean surface temperatures this winter dipped below average, they didn't stay that way long enough: By mid-April, NOAA forecasters revealed that a full-fledged La Niña event had failed to develop.
Why not?
"Trade winds play a big role," Muhammad Azhar Ehsan, a climate scientist at Columbia Climate School's Center for Climate Systems Research, told Live Science. He explained that weakening trade winds in the eastern Pacific likely kept cold water from rising to the surface — a key step in forming a robust La Niña.
But the story may not be over. When the 30-year temperature baseline is revised to include more recent, warmer years, future analysts might reclassify this winter's La Niña in the historical record, even if it didn't qualify in real time.
Graph showing the ENSO possibilities for the three month periods through to November, December and January. (Image credit: NOAA Climate Prediction Center image)
What does ENSO-neutral mean for the weather?
Without El Niño or La Niña tipping the scale, forecasting gets harder. These patterns sharpen the blur of seasonal predictions, adding crucial information about how the weather might drift from the usual script. Without them, when ENSO is neutral, they're left squinting into the future with little more than historical averages and climate trends.
"Without an El Niño or a La Niña, a range of other factors drive seasonal weather," James Done, a project scientist at the NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research, told Live Science. "These are less well understood, and the strength of the relationships is weaker. It's very complex."
Still, forecasters generally agree that this summer will likely be hotter than normal. "Surprise, surprise," Done said, "we have a background warming trend."
What does ENSO-neutral mean for the Atlantic hurricane season?
El Niño usually suppresses hurricanes, whereas La Niña and neutral conditions let them run wild. With a warm Atlantic and ENSO expected to stay neutral, that could mean a busy season.
"El Niño tends to increase vertical wind shear, and vertical wind shear tears apart hurricanes," Phil Klotzbach, a research scientist and hurricane forecast expert at Colorado State University, told Live Science via email. "Consequently, [without El Niño], we anticipate relatively hurricane-favorable wind shear patterns this summer and fall."
Others offered optimism. Ehsan said a cooling trend in the Atlantic from February to March could signal a quieter Atlantic hurricane season.
However, scientists say old rules of thumb become less reliable as background conditions change. "Last year was a weird one," Di Liberto said, referring to La Niña. "All signs pointed toward a horrible hurricane season, but it wasn't the worst-case scenario it could have been."
2023 didn't follow the script either. "We had an El Niño in 2023 but still saw more storms than usual," Done said. "So, there's a big debate: Does El Niño still kill off hurricanes, or are oceans now so warm that it changes the relationship? It's an open question."
Graph showing the observed and predicted temperatures that will indicate whether El Niño, La Niña or neutral conditions will appear through to fall. (Image credit: OAA Climate.gov image, based on data provided by Climate Prediction Center)
When will the next El Niño or La Niña hit?
In an April 10 statement, NOAA representatives wrote that El Niño or La Niña conditions likely won't turn up this summer and that ENSO-neutral conditions are expected to last through October.
As summer fades to fall and winter, the chances for La Niña rise, but the most likely scenario is still ENSO-neutral.
That said, scientists caution against putting too much stock into springtime ENSO forecasts. "Spring is a messy time for forecasting," Di Liberto said. That's because ENSO conditions primarily form during winter and fade into the spring, offering fewer reliable signals. "June is usually when things get more confident," he added.
La Niña Ends! What’s Next for US & Canada Weather? | 2025 Forecast Breakdown
How will climate change impact ENSO patterns?
No one knows how climate change will affect ENSO patterns, but scientists are concerned about the warming oceans and atmosphere.
"Warmer air holds more water. It's fundamental," Becker said. "That's a factor in why we're seeing some hurricanes deposit unbelievable amounts of rain — it's partly due to the higher moisture capacity of the atmosphere."
Warm waters can extend a hurricane season or fuel storms farther north. Once envisioned as coastal threats, storms are increasingly driving inland. For example, Hurricane Helene devastated Appalachian communities hundreds of miles from the sea in 2024. "You're making a better and bigger sponge, and it gets wrung out somewhere," Di Liberto said. "And communities have to deal with incomprehensible amounts of rainfall and flooding."
However, our understanding of hurricanes is incomplete, Done said. Our observational record extends back less than 160 years — just a blink of geologic time. Scientists who have studied the geologic record of ancient cyclones have found evidence of stronger hurricanes making landfall in the distant past, often tied to periods of climate change.
If the present is the key to the past, the past nods back: Earth has seen worse — and with oceans warming fast, scientists warn it may only be a matter of time before historically unprecedented storms strike again.
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The Great Architects of Mars: Is the Keyhole Structure Artificial?
Humans have a long history of altering their environment by producing an extensive lexicon of geometric and pictographic earthworks. One of the first major discoveries of geoglyphic formations was the mysterious Nazca lines in Peru. These formations were left unseen for centuries as travelers unwittingly trampled over this sacred text. The world was not aware of these odd linear features, such as this Trapezoid (Figure 1,) until the 1930s, when trans-Andean aviators began flying over the arid Nazca plateau. Pilots saw a vast assortment of lines that formed images of different types of geometric patterns and animals scattered across this ancient landscape.
Archaeologists believe that many of these early formations were created by some of our earliest cultures to establish memorials or monuments for worship and sacred ritual. Astronomers speculate that many of these mounds and linear formations may have been created to represent prominent constellations or to mark important planetary and solar alignments.
The creation of geoglyphic art works may also have been produced as territorial markers establishing tribal boundaries that could be seen from a high vantage point, such as a surrounding hill side or a distant mountain peak. Still, others believe they were constructed for no other reason than to communicate with the gods above, or be seen by the watchful eye of extraterrestrials.
(Figure 1) Trapezoid, Peru.
(Google Earth).
In the 1820’s Carl Friedrich Gauss, a well-known German mathematician, had the idea of creating an immense geometric landform to communicate with extraterrestrials. He proposed the construction of an enormous diagram depicting the Pythagorean Theorem, also known as the 47th Problem of Euclid in the thick Siberian forest.
The proposed landform would consist of one large right triangle and three squares cut into the dense pine forest. Once the imprint was complete, wheat would be planted inside each of the cleared areas to provide a contrasting color to the pine trees. This massive agricultural imprint would be so large it could be seen from the Moon or Mars. Gauss believed that a complex geometric image of the Pythagorean Theorem would demonstrate the existence of intelligent life on Earth and get the attention of alien observers. His proposed geometric landform was never realized.
Whatever rational we use to consider or reject the idea of constructing such enormous geoglyphic formations here on earth, it is clear that mankind’s obsession with transforming his environment and producing pictographic or geometric monuments is a long held human tradition. Perhaps these early builders also contemplated the idea of constructing a visual “marker” that could be seen from space by a watchful eye in the sky and establish contact between two worlds.
This vary question of finding a “marker” on another planet was addressed by a group of mainstream scientists in a 2014 book entitled; Archaeology, Anthropology, and Interstellar Communication. The report, which was led by astrobiologist Douglas A. Vakoch, included NASA and SETI scientists along with archeologists and anthropologists, determined that the observation of rock art and sculptural carvings on a planetary surface should be considered as possible examples of extraterrestrial communication. The authors make the case that scientists may have difficulty identifying “manifestations of extraterrestrial intelligence” because they might “resemble a naturally occurring phenomenon.” This leaves the door open for the idea that an unknown, lost civilization could have left us a message on Earth or our moon or even on Mars that we are totally unequipped to understand or even recognize.
The Exclamation Mark
On January 11, 2011 the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) spacecraft acquired an image of something unusual within the Syrtis Major hemisphere of the planet Mars. sitting in an area known as Libya Montes. The on board HiRISE camera snapped an image of what appeared to be an odd wedge-shaped formation with an attached circular dome (Figure 1). The HiRISE image ESP_020794_1860 was taken in the early afternoon with an exceptional resolution of 50 cm per pixel. The official release on the University of Arizona web site included a caption that accompanied the image, which referred to this odd, geometrically-shaped formation as an “exclamation mark” Traditionally, the basic shape of a conjoined wedge and dome formation is commonly referred to as a keyhole.
The formation was brought to my attention during the summer of 2013 by a colleague of mine at the Society for Planetary SETI Research, Greg Orme. Soon after down loading the image and examining it up close, I posted an article about it on The Cydonia Institute’s discussion board tilted Keyhole – Exclamation Mark on Mars, with a link to the original image. Its reception was overwhelming and the Keyhole structure quickly became the new hot topic of numerous YouTube videos and online news articles. Many of the reports actually published parts of my article along with my drawings without any mention of me or The Cydonia Institute. The Keyhole was everywhere.
MRO & THEMIS
Excited with the discovery and all the attention it was getting, I performed an extensive search of the NASA archive and I found two additional images of the keyhole structure that were taken three years earlier, during the winter of 2007.
The first image of the Keyhole structure was acquired by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) HiRISE spacecraft in November with its smaller context camera (CTX). The image P14_006672_1836_XN_03N267W was taken during mid-morning, with a resolution of 5 pixels per meter (Figure 2).
The second image of the Keyhole structure was taken by the Mars Odyssey THEMIS camera, which again captured the entire structure. The narrow-angle image V26406033 was taken in December, during the early afternoon, with a lower resolution of approximately 17 meters per pixel (Figure 3).
(Figure 3) Keyhole structure. Detail of Mars Odyssey THEMIS image V26406033 (2007).
The wedge and dome-shape of the keyhole structure is easily seen in both images, which are similar in tonality. It sits alone within a flat terrain with sun light hitting the western side of the wedge form and the dark shadows giving form to its southeastern side. The MRO HiRISE CTX image provides more detail and shows the ribbed texture of the dome and the sharp edge of the wedge is more defined.
George Hass is the founder and premier investigator of the Mars researh group known as The Cydnonia Institute. A member of the Society for Planetary SETI Research, he is the author of The Great Architects of Mars: Evidence for the Lost Civilizations on the Red Planet, and has written multiple peer-reviewd science papers related to anomalous formations on the surface of Mars. He has appeared on Coast to Coast AM with George Noory and on the History Channel's Ancient Aliens, The Proof is Out There, and The UnXplained with William Shatner. He lives in Waterford, Virginia.
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Big Number 12 On Mars Rock! Curiosity Rover Photo! UFO UAP Sighting News. Video!
Big Number 12 On Mars Rock! Curiosity Rover Photo! UFO UAP Sighting News. Video!
Date of discovery: May 1, 2025
Location of discovery: Mars
Source photo: Coming soon
Hey all, this is my personal discovery I made this week, but just now got time to put it up. Perhaps you have heard of angel numbers or numbers with meaning? This is the number 12 and its underlined which makes it have more powerful meaning and importance. I know, it's just a number. Maybe in math class but on Mars...it's a sign of intelligent life and so much more. Watch the video and tell me your thoughts.
Scott C. Waring
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:Ruins, strange artifacts on other planets, moons, ed ( Fr, EN, NL )
Crashed Plane Found in Great Salt Lake? Nobody’s Talking About This. UFO Sighting News.
Crashed Plane Found in Great Salt Lake? Nobody’s Talking About This. UFO Sighting News.
As I was scanning Google Earth like I often do, something unusual stood out to me along the southern edge of the Great Salt Lake—a shape that didn’t belong in the shallow water. I zoomed in and, clear as day, there was a white single-engine aircraft, half-submerged just off the shoreline.
Naturally, I started digging. Using Google Earth’s historical imagery, I pinpointed the plane’s appearance to sometime between October 2022 and July 2024. I measured the wingspan with the built-in ruler—it came out to around 36.7 feet. That’s the size you'd expect for a small 4-6 seat aircraft.
So I hit the internet, looking for any reports of a crash in that area during that time. I did find one—there was a crash involving a white aircraft in 2024, but it happened over 48 miles away at Pineview Reservoir. Totally different location. This one in the lake? Nothing. No headlines. No FAA report. No local news. It's like it never happened—or it was never meant to be found.
That’s what bothers me. If this isn’t a known or reported wreck, then someone’s missing a plane—and possibly missing people. People with families who’ve been left in the dark. If nobody knows this is out there, then it’s possible no one ever came looking.
We may be looking at an undiscovered crash site. If that’s true, then the right thing to do is get eyes on it, get divers in the water, and figure out what really happened. Someone out there might still be waiting for answers.
Blazing ball lightning roars through Tennessee parking lot
Blazing ball lightning roars through Tennessee parking lot
A few days ago, a rare phenomenon was captured on video in a parking lot in Nashville, Tennessee, during a thunderstorm.
The footage shows a large flash, followed by several small fireballs sparking around parked cars, culminating in the appearance of a sizable glowing orb that appears to be a so-called ball lightning.
The ball lightning behaved erratically, moving across the lot, triggering car alarms, and causing power fluctuations throughout the area.
Ball lightning is a rare and still poorly understood phenomenon, typically described as a rapidly rotating orb of plasma.
BALL LIGHTNING CAUSE TREE TO GLOW IN PARKING LOT
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What if your next coworker could assemble intricate machinery with pinpoint precision, or your household helper could whip up dinner while tidying the living room—all without ever needing a break? Welcome to 2025, where China’s humanoid robots are no longer just futuristic concepts but tangible, innovative innovations. With the nation’s relentless push in robotics and artificial intelligence, these creations are redefining what it means to merge human-like adaptability with innovative technology. From robots that navigate complex industrial tasks to those that assist in everyday domestic life, China is leading a revolution that’s transforming industries and homes alike. The question isn’t whether these robots will impact our lives—it’s how profoundly they’ll reshape them.
China’s Humanoid Robotics 2025
TL;DR Key Takeaways :
China leads in humanoid robotics, integrating advanced AI and adaptability to transform industries, from manufacturing to household management.
Unit G1 by Unitry Robotics offers an affordable, versatile platform for research and education, featuring human-like motion and open source customization.
Astrobot S1 by Stardust Intelligence is a domestic assistant excelling in household tasks like cooking and cleaning, with voice command integration and a 2024 commercial release.
Industrial-focused robots like Kepler 4Runner K2 and Xpeng Iron showcase precision, strength, and adaptability for demanding tasks in manufacturing and logistics.
China’s robotics innovations emphasize affordability, dexterity, and real-world applications, setting global benchmarks for the future of robotics across various sectors.
1. Unit G1: Affordable and Versatile
The Unit G1, developed by Unitry Robotics, is a cost-effective entry into the world of humanoid robotics, priced at approximately $16,000. It is designed to cater to research, education, and AI development, offering a balance of affordability and advanced functionality. With 41–43 degrees of freedom, it mimics human-like motion and can perform intricate tasks such as soldering and cooking.
Key features include:
AI-driven reinforcement learning for optimizing task performance.
An open source platform, allowing researchers and developers to customize and expand its capabilities.
The Unit G1 serves as a versatile tool for innovation, making humanoid robotics more accessible to a broader audience.
2. Astrobot S1: The Domestic Assistant
Stardust Intelligence’s Astrobot S1 is specifically designed for home environments, excelling in household tasks with its advanced capabilities. Featuring seven degrees of freedom in each arm, it can lift up to 10 kilograms and handle tasks such as cooking, cleaning, and even pet care.
Highlights include:
Voice command integration and real-time remote operation for seamless user control.
A user-friendly setup, with a commercial release planned for 2024.
The Astrobot S1 is set to redefine domestic assistance, simplifying everyday chores and enhancing convenience for households.
3. Top 10 Chinese Humanoid Robots in 2025
Top 10 Chinese Humanoid Robots In 2025 (Updated List)
Below are more guides on humanoid robots from our extensive range of articles.
Shanghai Kepler Robotics’ Kepler 4Runner K2 is engineered for industrial and commercial applications, offering unmatched precision and strength. With 52 degrees of freedom, including 11 per hand, it is designed for tasks requiring meticulous accuracy, such as manufacturing and logistics.
Notable features:
Tactile sensing and cloud-based AI for autonomous task refinement and efficiency.
A load capacity of 15 kilograms per hand, making it suitable for high-risk and demanding operations.
The Kepler 4Runner K2 is a robust solution for industries requiring a combination of strength and precision, making sure reliability in challenging environments.
5. Engine PMO1: Research and Development
The Engine PMO1, developed by Engine AI Robotics, is a humanoid robot tailored for research and development. It features 22–23 degrees of freedom and a 320° waist rotation, allowing natural and fluid movements that closely mimic human motion.
Key attributes:
Dual-chip architecture for advanced computing and processing capabilities.
Optical motion capture for precise, human-like walking and movement.
An open source platform that encourages further development in embodied intelligence.
The Engine PMO1 is a valuable tool for researchers aiming to push the boundaries of robotics and AI integration.
6. Walker S1: Automation in Manufacturing
UBTech Robotics’ Walker S1 is designed to enhance industrial automation, standing 1.7 meters tall and weighing 76 kilograms. It can carry up to 15 kilograms and operates efficiently in dynamic manufacturing environments.
Key capabilities:
AI-driven task planning and navigation for quality inspections, sorting, and assembly processes.
Military-grade stability, making sure 24/7 operation in demanding manufacturing settings.
The Walker S1 is a reliable and efficient solution for streamlining manufacturing workflows and improving productivity.
7. Magic Bot: Collaborative and Efficient
Magic Lab’s Magic Bot combines human-like dexterity with operational efficiency, featuring 42 degrees of freedom. It is designed for collaborative tasks such as material handling and assembly, while also excelling in everyday activities like folding clothes or watering plants.
Key features:
Lightweight and durable design, with a five-hour battery life for extended operation.
Adaptability for both industrial and service-oriented applications.
The Magic Bot is a practical choice for environments requiring flexibility, precision, and collaboration.
8. Xpeng Iron: Advanced Adaptability
Xpeng Robotics’ Xpeng Iron is a technological marvel, boasting 60 joints and 200 degrees of freedom for fluid, human-like movements. It is particularly well-suited for complex industrial tasks.
Standout features:
Advanced AI that adapts to real-time environmental changes, making sure optimal performance.
A vision system offering 720° coverage with sub-millimeter precision for enhanced accuracy.
Deployed in automotive factories, the Xpeng Iron excels in assembly and logistics, setting a high standard for industrial robotics.
9. Pudu D9: Versatile and Mobile
The Pudu D9, created by Pudu Robotics, is designed for both service and industrial applications. With 42 degrees of freedom and a payload capacity of 20 kilograms per arm, it navigates complex terrains such as stairs and slopes with ease.
Key attributes:
Real-time 3D mapping for autonomous navigation in dynamic environments.
Lightweight, low-noise design, making it suitable for human-friendly settings.
The Pudu D9 is a versatile and mobile solution for industries requiring adaptability and precision.
10. Pudu Flashbot Arm: Precision in Commercial Spaces
Another innovation from Pudu Robotics, the Flashbot Arm, is tailored for commercial environments such as hotels and healthcare facilities. Its robotic arm, with seven degrees of freedom, ensures precise manipulation and efficiency.
Highlights include:
Wheel-mounted chassis for navigating narrow and confined spaces.
Advanced sensors for safety and adaptability in collaborative workflows.
The Flashbot Arm is a dependable assistant in commercial spaces, offering precision and reliability in diverse applications.
Honorable Mentions
China’s robotics sector is brimming with innovation, featuring numerous other humanoid and semi-humanoid designs. These robots cater to specialized industries, showcasing the diversity and ingenuity driving the nation’s advancements in robotics.
Shaping the Future of Robotics
China’s humanoid robots represent the cutting edge of technological integration, combining AI, tactile sensing, and real-time mapping to address a wide range of challenges. From industrial automation to domestic assistance, these robots set new benchmarks in affordability, dexterity, and adaptability. As advancements continue, these innovations are poised to shape the global future of robotics, offering practical solutions to complex problems across industries.
Scientists examined infrared space surveys to narrow down candidates for Planet 9.
Planet 9 would be so far from the Sun that it is just not illuminated by much sunlight.
The two space surveys, conducted 23 years apart, could show how a secret planet orbits.
Since the demotion of Pluto to dwarf planet, there’s been a ninth-planet-shaped hole in the hearts of many Earthlings. How will we remember what My Very Excellent Mother Just Served Us now?
Scientists May Have Just Found Planet Nine (New Evidence April 2025)
Well, if we’re lucky, we may soon be able to fill that gap. For some time now, scientists have wondered if a regular planet—not a dwarf planet—could explain some of the clustering of objects in the Kuiper Belt that starts at Neptune and extends outward from our Solar System. (Pluto is considered a Kuiper Belt object.) This hypothetical Planet 9 has never been directly observed and remains theoretical, but in new research uploaded to the preprint site arXiV, scientists share a very educated guess about the location of the long-theorized celestial body. (This study is not yet peer reviewed, but it follows a presentation from a 2024 conference and is listed as “Accepted for publication in Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia (PASA).”)
To search for Planet 9, the scientists “search[ed] for objects that moved slowly between IRAS and AKARI detections.” IRAS and AKARI are far-infrared, all-sky surveys completed 23 years apart.
Though Planet 9 has never been confirmed, we know a lot about what a planet in its suspected area could be like. The team used qualities like this—such as a very long orbit around the Sun, feasible temperatures, and probable masses—to narrow down the IRAS dataset and the AKARI dataset separately. They then highlighted 13 total bodies that fit the criteria and showed up in both datasets, accounting for changes in epochs and positions in orbit.
From there, they inspected the surveys’ images and found one eligible bachelor... er, planet. The scientists are careful to explain that the criteria they chose would not necessarily identify the only possible candidates for Planet 9. For instance, if Planet 9 is over the size constraints they placed on their study, it’s still likely to be picked up at some point by infrared surveys like this. It could also be a gas giant-type planet on par with or larger than Neptune. But if it’s smaller, it’s likely below the threshold of observability at such a long range.
And long range is, honestly, underselling it—top theories for the positioning of Planet 9 place it around 400 astronomical units (AU). The furthest known planet, Neptune, is only about 31 AU. That’s already 31 times further than Earth is from the Sun, creating an orbit that lasts about 165 years. Planet 9 would also have an irregular orbit, scientists believe, so it would spent part of its cycle even further away.
This is why two surveys conducted 23 years apart may just be the perfect way to observe Planet 9. In that amount of time, the planet itself will have completed just a tiny fraction of its overall orbit—enough to travel from one spot into the adjacent spot on the subsequent survey. But a lot of other factors would need to line up exactly in order for this candidate to be the real Planet 9, and the scientists are transparent about that.
“The finalist of our Planet Nine candidate pair strongly depends on how the characteristics of Planet Nine are defined. [I]f the actual mass of Planet Nine is not sufficient to make its flux above the detection limits of two surveys, there is no chance of finding Planet Nine in this work.”
This group took a stab at observing Planet 9 using the IRAS and AKARI infrared surveys, which can “see” further than telescopes using the visible spectrum. And indeed, while the odds of actually finding the elusive planet here may be more like the odds of buying a winning lottery ticket, the work opens several next steps for other teams investigating Planet 9. The data may also help narrow down parameters for those using other tools.
“If the existence of Planet Nine can be confirmed by observations in the near future, it will improve our understanding of the history and structure of the entire Solar System in early stages,” the team concludes.
And it would get Pluto yet another big sibling.
Quantum AI Just Found Evidence of Planet 9 in James Webb’s Data
The book Hidden in Plain Sight: Evidence of Exotic UFO Propulsion examines photographic, and video evidence of gravitational lensing in UAP/UFO sightings, indicating the existence of Alcubierre warp drives—an advanced propulsion technology previously theorized but never conclusively documented in the real world until now.
Are UFOs real? Can exotic propulsion technologies like Alcubierre warp drives actually exist? Our groundbreaking book, Hidden in Plain Sight: Evidence of Exotic UFO Propulsion, provides scientifically validated evidence revealing extraordinary truths. Through meticulous analysis of gravitational lensing and spatial distortion phenomena—previously unnoticed within publicly available photographic and video evidence—authors Chad Wanless and Dave Palachik demonstrate that advanced warp drive propulsion has been quietly documented and in the case of the Agudilla UAP, gravitiational lensing has also been independently noticed by other researchers.
Missing Time Too! An Ordinary Man’s Extraordinary Journey
The book Missing Time Too! An Ordinary Man’s Extraordinary Journey is one person’s testament to extraordinary events that have happened throughout his life. Through this book, the author discloses that he has been experiencing alien abductions from an early age starting at three and throughout his adult life. Using illustrations created by the author and additional photographs collected from within Ufology, the author weaves an extraordinary story bringing readers along in his self discovery.
The author shares his earliest childhood memories starting at the age of three of unexplained events and missing time throughout his childhood and teens. At the age of 20, he discovered to his shock and horror that missing time was not something everyone experiences. What is missing time? That is the critical question that started a journey into understanding that he is in fact an experiencer within the UAP/UFO phenomenon. Moving from disbelieve and skepticism to acceptance and advocacy for more research into the UAP/UFO phenomenon. The question is not, are we alone in the cosmos? More so, who are they and what do they want?
The challenge to the reader is; if these events happened to them, as they happened to the author, would they come to a different conclusion? The book intentionally includes well known similar events discovered before and after the author’s own experiences. Is it possible and is it plausible that the UAP phenomenon and all of its components, including that of experiencers have merit for unbiased study and serious consideration?
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The book Missing Time Too! An Ordinary Man’s Extraordinary Journey is one person’s testament to extraordinary events that have happened throughout his life. Through this book, the author discloses that he has been experiencing alien abductions from an early age starting at three and throughout his adult life. Using illustrations created by the author and additional photographs collected from within Ufology, the author weaves an extraordinary story bringing readers along in his self discovery.
The author shares his earliest childhood memories starting at the age of three of unexplained events and missing time throughout his childhood and teens. At the age of 20, he discovered to his shock and horror that missing time was not something everyone experiences. What is missing time? That is the critical question that started a journey into understanding that he is in fact an experiencer within the UAP/UFO phenomenon. Moving from disbelieve and skepticism to acceptance and advocacy for more research into the UAP/UFO phenomenon. The question is not, are we alone in the cosmos? More so, who are they and what do they want?
The challenge to the reader is; if these events happened to them, as they happened to the author, would they come to a different conclusion? The book intentionally includes well known similar events discovered before and after the author’s own experiences. Is it possible and is it plausible that the UAP phenomenon and all of its components, including that of experiencers have merit for unbiased study and serious consideration?
Welcome to 'our interview,' a series of conversations exploring the most intriguing and mysterious phenomena of our time. Today, I'm joined by Paul Hynek, a renowned Chief Financial Officer, who has decades of experience in finance, technology AI, cryptocurrency, entertainment, and is an expert in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
Our Immortality Within Reach, Gregory M. Fahy, PhD & Paul Hynek
For decades, humanity has been fascinated by the possibility of life beyond Earth. From the eerie glow of UFO sightings to the tantalizing hints of exoplanetary biology, the search for answers has captivated scientists, theorists, and the general public alike.
As we venture further into the unknown, we're forced to confront the limitations of our current understanding and the tantalizing prospect of discovery.
Paul Hynek is a son of the late Dr. J. Allen Hynek, an astronomer who worked with the U.S. Air Force investigating UFO cases. Paul works with numerous startups as either a board member, advisor, or part-time CFO and helps numerous early- and mid-stage companies and nonprofits manage their accounting, finance, HR, and investor and donor relations. In addition to his MBA, Paul has a Master of Arts in International Studies from the University of Pennsylvania’s Joseph H. Lauder Institute, and a BA in French from the University of Illinois, and we're thrilled to have him share his insights with us today.
In this exclusive interview, we'll delve into the latest developments in the search for extraterrestrial life, the implications of UFO sightings, and the intersection of science, philosophy, and the human experience. So, let's embark on this journey into the unknown and explore the cosmos with Paul Hynek.
Paul, you are a dear friend and I am so grateful for this interview with you. Thank you for the opportunity and for joining me today. As an expert in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence and a UFO researcher, you've spent years studying the phenomenon. What sparked your interest in UFOs besides your father?
I don't know life without UFO's. We had flying saucer ornaments on our Christmas trees. It's like asking how I got interested in walking!
Further on UFOs research, you are also an expert in AI and this is the hot topic at the moment. Can you please tell me what are the implications of creating AI systems that can communicate with extraterrestrial life? And what is the potential role of AI in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence?
The movie "Arrival" showed the potential difficulties in communicating with an alien race who has a fundamentally different way of looking at language. I believe that AI will help us communicate in a few years with animals, and may well be key in unlocking how to communicate with an alien race.
SETI is already using AI in its efforts to locate extraterrestrial intelligence. AI will continue to make this time-consuming laborious task orders of magnitude more efficient.
We do investigations on UFOs. What is the connection between AI and extraterrestrial life? Can AI be used to distinguish between natural and artificial signals in space? How can AI be used to detect and analyze signals from outer space that might be of extraterrestrial origin? Do you think it’s possible?
If extraterrestrials are sending spaceships here, in my mind the inhabitants of the crafts are likely sentient AI entities - call them androids, robots, what have you. The time involved in space travel and the rigors of space radiation etc. make it very difficult for biological beings. And if somehow they are going anywhere near the speed of light, they will be so out of time phase with their home planet as to never see anyone there again.
Definitely it can. AI is an excellent tool when you need to pattern match and cull through thousands if not millions of potential candidates. I've been to the world's largest cherry processing plant in Washington state. It can process 60 million cherries a day, and assigns each of them a unique identification number. If we can do this with a fruit, imagine how much it can help in space.
What are the potential risks or benefits of relying on AI to represent humanity in interactions with extraterrestrial life and how might the development of AI for extraterrestrial communication impact human society or culture?
The Drake Equation shows us that there are likely thousands, if not millions of what we would consider intelligent civilizations in the Milky Way galaxy. The Fermi Paradox wonders why we don't already have more definitive evidence of their existence. The Dark Forest theory says that civilizations are afraid of other potentially more advanced and hostile civilizations and have decided to stay under the proverbial radar. Since to our knowledge the universe is about 14 billion years old, and Earth is almost 5 billion years old, other civilizations could be not only thousands, not only millions, but billions of years more advanced than us. That's a sobering thought.
The connection between AI and beings from another planet is something very intriguing and terrifying at the same time. However, let’s talk about UFOs. Your father was brilliant conducting his own independent UFO research, developing the “Close Encounter” classification system. My question is, how have UFO sightings changed over the decades, and what patterns can be observed?
One interesting phenomenon that my father, Jacques Vallee and others have remarked upon is that reports of UFOs have tended to match the prevailing technology of the times, or at least the technology that's represented in movies and TV. In the 1890's there were reports of steampunk type air ships in the US and England that we do not seem to see these days, as reports now are of sleek crafts, many with no right angles, sound, and the ability to accelerate far faster than our jets, and also blink in and out of sight.
How do UFO reports compare with historical accounts of unexplained phenomena?
As with the type of technology at the time, people will interpret unexplainable phenomena in the context of their current belief systems. The Bible has several accounts of strange crafts in the sky, the most notable perhaps being Ezekiel's Wheel.
What is the most compelling evidence supporting the existence of UFOs for you?
The consistent number of reports over decades of cases with credible and even expert witnesses such as military pilots who quite often have nothing whatsoever to gain from reporting an incident, machine confirmations such as radar readings and FLIR camera footage, and extensive analysis by MUFON and other entities. This is a phenomenon that simply will not go away. The United States Navy has admitted that they see hundreds of objects that they cannot explain in the air and water, and they have admitted concern for the safety of their aviators.
Do you think there are any official government investigations into UFOs, and what were their conclusions? And if they have some, do you think the government hides something about UFOs and why?
I don't know what the US government is doing, and I don't care. They have demonstrated that they are a bad faith, corrupt, central actor and I no longer follow what they say or do. I don't know what they have and are hiding from the public. What's more, if I was a US Air Force general, I would not release any information. It would be my job to defend against all threats to national security, and there's no way I would release information I had on aliens or efforts to harness or reverse engineer propulsion systems.
Paul, let's dive deeper into the government's involvement with UFOs. Do you think they're working with extraterrestrials, or is it purely a defensive or research-oriented endeavour?
I have no idea!
Could UFO sightings be linked to advanced technology from secret military projects rather than extraterrestrial life? And what role do military encounters play in our understanding of UFOs?
I don't think there is one answer to the UFO phenomenon. I think there are multiple answers, and one of them is almost certainly secret, advanced military technology. I'm not a big believer in the extraterrestrial hypothesis for a variety of reasons, but that could certainly be a part of the phenomenon. Personally I lean more towards an interdimensional origin, as this would help explain how the entities are aware of us and perhaps why they would care. The distances in space are so great, and just discovering our existence is no easy feat, much less getting here. If there are entities by contrast in another dimension which is essentially "here," that could help explain both how they know about us, how they get here by some means of interdimensional transport which doesn't need to go from star to star, and perhaps also why they would care about us, as they may in some way be related to us.
Do you think the government's release of UFO-related information will lead to a greater understanding of the phenomenon, or is it just a publicity stunt?
Their dribbles of information have served to whet the public's appetite to some extent. Whether they are doing it in an overall coordinated effort with an editorial schedule and narrative arc, or whether they can't outright control the various whistleblowers who come forward, I don't know.
How can we balance the need for scientific rigor in studying UFOs with the public's desire for information and transparency?
The two go hand in hand. The higher the quality and rigor in our research, and the more people will lean into the phenomenon, I believe.
Can you discuss the potential implications of extraterrestrial life on our economic systems and global politics and how might the discovery of extraterrestrial life impact our societal values and norms?
Oh boy, who knows? This would be the biggest event in human history, and I don't think anyone can predict what would happen.
Can you discuss the potential implications of extraterrestrial life on our understanding of the concept of "life" itself and how might the discovery of extraterrestrial life impact our understanding of human consciousness and the nature of intelligence? How might the study of UFOs and extraterrestrial life inform our understanding of the possibility of life on Mars or other celestial bodies?
In my view there is almost certainly life as we know it elsewhere in the universe. For all we know if could either be such a different form than us, or a post-biological civilization that it would be nigh unto unrecognizable to our telescopes and cameras and radio wave detectors. I think that many people know are aware of the traces of what seem to suggest life having existed on Mars. I also think that most people believe that there is life elsewhere in the universe. But it's one thing to accept that idea and quite another to see it face to face.
Paul Hynek on Disclosure, The Invisible College, Psychedelics & Dr. J. Allen Hynek -Psicoactivo #251
Paul, let’s go back in time… What do you believe is the significance of the "Tic Tac" UFO incident in 2004, and how does it relate to our understanding of UFOs?
There are multiple types of evidence for this incident - FLIR camera footage from fighter jets, sightings from high-powered binoculars, and radar confirmations from both the USS Nimitz and USS Princeton. I am friends with Kevin Day who was the radar operator on the USS Princeton who made the first radar sighting, and he is one of the most credible witnesses you can imagine - he had no prior interest in UFOs, and his primary interest is always, as I mentioned about the US Navy in general, the safety of their aviators.
I would be curious if you ever considered other theories besides ET such as Time Travellers, Interdimensionals, something demonic especially concerning abductions or an ancient Silurian civilization hiding at the bottom of the oceans slightly ahead of us land dwellers? And did your dad ever consider other theories?
Yes, as mentioned, I favor the interdimensional hypothesis, although I will also tip my hat to my friend Dr. Michael Masters, who makes a good case for the time travel theory. My father, Jacques and many others have long looked beyond just an extraterrestrial origin.
One of my interests is the tantalizing possibility that DMT may not be a hallucinogenic drug, but rather a plant medicine technology that allows us access to another dimension, which in some strange way could be related to where (at least some) UFO's may in fact come from. I'm working on protocols to demonstrate the objective reality of DMT encounters, as well as reports of communications with aliens.
And Paul I heard that you and your brother were working on a project to develop a “machine”, what is it exactly? Tell me about it.
My brother Joel and a friend of ours have picked up on the work of the French astrophysicist Claude Poher, and we have been working on developing a device that following Dr. Pohers's theories would result in an anti-gravity device. I'll let you know if we succeed!
Paul, thank you so much for taking the time to speak with me today. Your insights and perspectives have been truly enlightening, and I’m sure our readers will greatly appreciate your thoughts. You are very knowledgeable. It was an absolute pleasure having you share your story with us. Thank you so much!
My pleasure, dear Fernanda!
Fernanda Pires
Director of CAG International for Central & South America
Canada Regional Director
MUFON ERT - CFI3
International Consultant, Revista Ufo's Columnist, Screenwriter
Encounters Latin America Film Producer in Brazil
Exclusive Interview: Paul Hynek (Son of J. Allen Hynek - Project Blue Book)
Amazing Mysterious Military Encounters with Bigfoot
Throughout the annals of military reports of all kinds, there are some that have managed to slip through the cracks. Here we have amazing stories that show that the enemy is often not the weirdest thing one can come across in the military, and that there are some encounters soldiers were never trained for.
In one case from the files of Albert S. Rosales, in September of 2002, an unnamed Army tank commander was on a training mission in Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, England, and while scanning the landscape through the turret of his tank. he saw quite a bizarre sight. There, standing amidst the chaos and clanking noise of other tanks rolling and rumbling about, was a large, hairy ape-like creature described as looking similar to an orangutan in appearance and color, with a black or darkish face. The tank’s gunner saw it too, and they watched on in awe as the creature ran in quick, long strides across the field into the brush beyond. The tank commander would report the incident to his superior officer only to be ridiculed and laughed out of the room. What did they see out there and why would such a creature be present under these conditions?
In another report from Reddit user “PrecedentialAssassin,” we have a story concerning his brother, who was stationed in Tacoma, Washington back in the 1990s. At the time of the incident, his unit was out in Eastern Washington around Yakima on a training mission where they were dropped off by themselves and they had to navigate their way through the unforgiving rough wilderness to different points. The poster says what happened next:
“As he was working his way through the forest, he got the feeling that something was watching him. He didn't see anything but kept feeling like something was watching him and following him. Then he started hearing something move in the brush. He picked up his pace as he started to get creeped out and as he picked up his pace, whatever was following him picked up its pace.
He had his weapon but no rounds and at this point he said was so freaked out that if he had ammunition, he would've started spraying the woods. He did have a knife but he said he could sense that whatever was watching him was really big and he at this point he's probably convinced himself that bigfoot is real and is looking for dinner. When he retells the story and gets to this point, even to this day, he gets shaky and his hair stands up on end. He can tell that whatever is out there is tracking closer and closer to him and he knows from his map that he's only a couple hundred yards to his next checkpoint. Totally freaked out, he breaks into a sprint. As he does, he hears the creature pick up its pace. He says it was behind him and off to the side a bit. He makes it to the clearing and there's a porta potty and he jumped inside it, locked the door and grabbed his knife. Watching him tell the story, I crack up every time.
The creature stalked around in the clearing and he could hear it grunting. He said it was out there for about 5 minutes and then he heard it walk off. Bear is the obvious culprit, but he insists on whatever was out there was bipedal and huge. He sat inside the crap box for 15-20 minutes and realized he had to open the door at some point. Long story short, he opened the door and it was gone and he didn't encounter it the rest of the hike. Again, he is extremely skeptical even with his experience and he is not one prone to hyperbole. Whatever it was freaked him the fuck out and still does today.”
Moving on we come to a case from the Bigfoot Field Research Organization (BFRO), concerning a witness who claims this happened to him while stationed in the Marine Corps in North Carolina. The witness eerily describes how Bigfoot would often stalk and track them during their training exercise, and he elaborates as follows:
“It didn’t matter how many of us were out there. We were armed with rifles and no ammo and or blanks during field ops. They would pick up whatever trash or snacks we would drop. We sometimes could see their eyes in the treeline and see random glimmers of shadows through our nods. Military nods are pretty crappy. But, you can see outlines and or someones figure. I mean like stuff that was used probably during the early 2000s and they were monocular. We would hear knocks or rustling through out our nights around Verona loop training grounds or on Camp Lejeune. Many of us who spent time in the Infantry spend about 45-60% of the year in the woods. You could hear them at night. One night I was doing patrol ops in the woods/hills and we decided to take a pause. It was around 3am we were taking a nap break. It was during a wargame and I was on watch with one of my buddy’s.
Holding security we were seeing an outline in the woods and meanwhile we are sleep deprived not thinking we were seeing real things in the tree line till we talked to each other to confirm what we were seeing through our nods. Pebbles were being thrown at us and we were confused. Thinking we were about to be run up on by Opfor (Opposition Force). So we wake up our guys slowly thinking we’re about to be ambushed. Turns out we were being stalked. We decided to get into defensive positions and the rocks kept coming thinking we were being messed with by the Advisors running around overwatching the wargame. We checked on the radio if there were any nearby. None. None at all. So we thought it was Opfor.
We opened up with blanks. But, as we opened up we saw a massive creature and another one about 25-30 meters away. The creatures knocked over a semi-thin tree and gave a deep growl. Something that would shake guys who were de-sensitized and not really scared by anything. When day light came we circled back to look and we found huge footprints. We were so confused and shaken. After that situation we didn’t know how to explain what we saw or experienced. That night I became an actual believer I was always skeptical about bigfoot or some creature being in the woods. It was about 3 1/2 years ago. Till this day I struggle to go into the woods. Thank you for reading my experience. I also apologize for my poor punctuation.”
There are strangely many supposed encounters with Bigfoot-like beasts reported from the War in Afghanistan, a place not traditionally associated with this sort of giant hairy wild man. In one account from Reddit user “StarChild7000” the witness claims that he had been stationed at a command center and that typical nights would be filled with boredom and being lost in their thoughts. One way they would entertain themselves was by looking at the feeds from the drones that crisscrossed and patrolled the area, and although they did not control the drones and were not allowed to record anything, it was still an interesting diversion in the grinding boredom of their shifts. However, one night things would get a bit more exciting. The witness says:
“One night this drone was watching someone that was hanging out at the base of a mountain, near a village, about 50 meters or so away from the nearest building, most likely a home. We notice that the drone operator keeps cycling through the different camera modes; Infrared, thermal, low light, regular cam, etc. Trying to get the best picture and such. Then this "guy" starts walking around and is moving very weird. At first we think it's a guy with no legs that is walking around on his stumps using his arms to do most of the movements. Not unheard of for someone with such a disability to have to resort to such a thing in that area. Then the drone gets a view from a better angle and we see it from the side. It totally looks like a gorilla that's walking with his arms and just swinging his legs as he walks and isn't really using the legs in a "walking" fashion. We all immediately start doing google searching to find out if gorillas are native to the area and such. They are not. We even took note of the grid coordinates, plotted it on a map, then searched if there were nearby zoos in the area, maybe an animal escaped? Nope, no zoos around. Searched for traveling circuses, again nothing. Really weird. After about 30 minutes of this drone watching this thing, the drone repeatedly toggles on/off his targeting systems. We're like " they're gonna blow this thing up!?!?" And they did. Then after the drone confirmed nothing was still moving, it started to fly back to base. We were confused as all hell. There was 3 of us on shift that night. The highest ranking guy was an officer and during the daily morning commander's brief we showed on a map where the drone blew up bigfoot. And explained the situation to him. His response was simply, "huh, interesting" and that was the end of it.”
There are quite a few outlandish cases outlined in The Havok Journalconcerning large hairy bipeds in the wilderness of Afghanistan during wartime. In one anonymous account, a U.S. soldier had been deployed as an infantry team leader with the Army in the Kunar province of Afghanistan from 2008 to 2009. One night they were on an observation patrol to overlook a village that they suspected IEDs (Improvised Explosive Device) were coming out of due to a successful IED recovery a few weeks prior. They were equipped with some fancy new thermal imaging gear called “Recon3,” which they were also supposed to test out and report on. The night would prove to be perhaps a bit stranger than anyone could have imagined. The witness says:
“I started to look across the valley to what I could see and that led me to look along the spur we were set in on and saw a very large heat signature at the top of one of the false peaks. I did everything I could to get as clear of an image as I could, suspecting that it was a group of Taliban huddled together around a light as they tend to do in the mountains. All of the sudden, the heat signature stood up as one being. The trees in that area grew up to about 10 to 12 ft tall, and this thing was at least as tall, if not taller than the trees that surrounded it. It started taking steps parallel to my position and was covering ground quickly with ease. Its stride was slow and relaxed, yet it moved with incredible speed. That led me to believe that this creature was gigantic.
It very quickly traversed the landscape, and I lost sight of it along a neighboring spur. I did not believe what I saw initially, assuming I had imagined it. I never had seen anything like that in my life. I didn’t tell many people about it, while I was in and even when I got out. I kept it to myself, thinking there was no way I saw what I saw. But then in 2010, I listened to a story on Coast to Coast… specifically the story about the Giant of Kandahar. That made all the memories of my time in service come flooding back and made me consider other things I saw during that deployment.
For instance, the creature was described as having fire-orange hair and it reminded me of a tradition the locals in the area of my sighting would do. They would dye their hair a bright orange color and even would dye their goats the same color. They never gave any explanation why. It seemed like it was every once in a while they would do this, and then all of a sudden those orange-dyed goats would be gone, and the local’s hair would also no longer be dyed orange. I assumed maybe it was a cultural thing I didn’t understand, but now it makes me wonder if that was some kind of gesture to the creature/Nephilim or if the goats were sacrificed to it. I am a Christian, and the bible briefly discussed the “Men of Renown,” aka the Nephilim. I think that’s what I saw, a member of an ancient race of giants that descended from fallen angels. Or it could be something like Sasquatch. I’m not sure.”
What was this thing? Another case is from an anonymous Air Force Reaper Operator working in the northern parts of the country. The witness explains what happened as follows:
“There are small villages up high in the central mountains that I’ve scanned probably a dozen times. Found a super small mud hut, which is where I saw the giants. They were 3ish maybe even 4 meters tall. There’s a ruler tool that tells you how wide your crosshair is, and the people were as tall as the crosshair was wide. The few mud huts were extremely rudimentary, like just a mound with some holes for a door and windows. They didn’t do anything crazy, just normal people things, tending fires and other chores. I wish I could say they did something exciting, but really just mobbed around their small clearing. There were a few goats tied up, and a fire that one person was tending.
Hard to tell details, but they seemed to wear rugged clothing. I would guess similar to Afghan traditional from how they moved but they seemed heavily cloaked. The only interesting thing was the size. The goats looked like cats next to them. This was all in mid-wave IR at night, so they showed up as black humanoid heat signatures. I wish I could have used our daytime camera. I always wonder if they had red hair lol. I only monitored them for like 10 mins before we were too far away to see.”
In yet another report from Afghanistan, a former member of the Australian Army at the time and deployed to Uruzgan province as a lieutenant. Early in the dark hours of one morning, he was working as a sentry, scanning the landscape with thermal imaging equipment when he saw something quite out of the ordinary. He explains:
“I was on picquet (what you Yanks would call security or sentry) in my LAV in the early hours one morning and was scanning across the valley with the Thermal Imager looking for threats and saw a large human-like figure that looked different from normal because it didn’t have the usual clothes the Afghans would wear.
It looked like a person, but lankier. Not much detail through the TI and due to distance. It walked behind a few compounds and I could see it from the chest/armpits up. I lased the compound walls to confirm distance a few times because I knew I would get a good return off the walls. I thought it was around 500-600m away but when I did a more detailed scan (it was also unusual to see individual people out at that time of night) I realized it was further away, so I used the LRF to get the range and was shocked to see it was 1800m away.
It wasn’t in any hurry and I followed it for about 5min before it went out of my FOV. Just looked like it was walking. Wasn’t in a hurry at all but was aware of what was happening around it. Kept looking around, especially near the compounds. No idea what it was but it would have been at least twelve feet tall. I don’t know of anyone else who saw anything like it. Never told anyone about it before but it has stayed with me over all these years.”
What in the world? Another type of location that seems to have attracted a large amount of Bigfoot and “hairy giant” activity is military bases. Several encounters with large hairy hominids roaming about military installations come to us from the 1970s, with one notable and very dramatic one occurring at the Fort Lewis U.S. Army Military Installation in the state of Washington, which lies sprawled outright against a rather untamed wilderness area. In 1978 a very strange sighting was made on the base grounds by a soldier named Edwin Godoy, who at the time was on his way back from training exercises one evening along with some platoon mates. The truck allegedly suddenly and without warning sputtered to a halt at around 8 PM and could not be restarted, prompting the others to venture back to base on foot. Since Godoy had been the one to sign out the truck that day he stayed behind alone to keep an eye on the vehicle until it could be towed away in the morning.
As he sat there by himself in the dark surrounded by the spooky sounds of the nighttime forest, a little after midnight Godoy’s attention was allegedly drawn to a massive figure skulking about and looming near a stand of trees around 300 meters away. As he stared he could make out that whatever it was was very tall and broad, and covered with what looked like hair all over its body, and rather eerily possessing eyes that seemed to glint or glow. The figure was described as “swinging his body sideways” and staring directly at the lone, frightened witness. Things got rather harrowing when this hulking brute purportedly began to break out into a run directly towards Godoy, who would describe the following dramatic events thus:
“That thing started running towards me, so I shouted a halt three times, asking that thing to stop and identify itself. As it wouldn’t reply I made a first shot to the air and then I shot at him or ‘it’, I don’t know how to call it. The hairy thing grabbed its chest and emitted a loud moan, stopped and then ran to his right, disappearing into the forest.”
Godoy was left there shaking and terrified, yet out there alone in the night surrounded by darkened trees and with no way out of there except on foot. He decided to lock himself in his truck, although he was also well aware that this would be little protection from the enormous hairy beast, which was probably none too happy about having been shot. There would be no sleep for him that night, and when the tow truck arrived at 6 AM he was still there wide-eyed and clutching his weapon close.
When Godoy told the tow truck mechanics what had transpired the previous evening, they skeptically went out to where the thing had been standing and much to their surprise found very large footprints pressed into the ground by something massive and heavy. Even more surprising was blood found on the ground, which was assumed to have been that of the wounded monster. This is where the whole story gets even more bizarre.
According to Godoy, the mechanics made a secretive radio call, and not long after a group of men in what appeared to be lab coats and thick rubber gloves descended upon the area taking samples of the blood and making casts of the footprints. The whole time Godoy claims that he was not allowed to speak to anyone at all and that he was kept to the side away from what was going on. The perplexed Godoy was then whisked away to the base hospital, but rather than be looked at by the usual medical staff he was examined by a doctor who was from the Air Force, which was odd considering it was an Army installation.
This doctor was apparently ranked as a full Colonel, and rather than disbelieving Godoy seemed very interested in every last detail of the encounter. This mysterious doctor was particularly concerned with any anomalous physical symptoms that Godoy may have been experiencing, such as headaches, dizziness, or a tingling sensation, of which the witness had none. Godoy was then thoroughly examined and had blood, skin, and urine samples carefully collected, after which he was told to return to his barracks and told in no uncertain terms to never mention a word of what had happened to him. This all gets even more far-out still when Godoy was later approached by ahospital worker by the name of L. Robles, who seemed to come to him secretly and allegedly said:
“I, together with two other guys, had to analyze the blood samples taken from the ground, and we now you are the soldier involved because it was stated as such in the report…” And you know? It’s crazy, but… what the hell was it you shot out there? When we examined the blood samples we found out three weird things in it… That blood contained human blood cells, animal blood cells…and chlorophyll. Man, that’s incredible! What the hell was it?”
Godoy stayed true to his orders not to tell anyone and declined to explain anything to Robles. The whole thing would have likely been forgotten and swept under the carpet forever if it were not for a chance meeting with Godoy made by a paranormal researcher from Puerto Rico named Jorge Martín many years later, as the witness was vacationing in Cabo Rojo with his wife. It was here that Godoy would relate the whole outlandish tale to Martín and the story would finally come out.
Also in the 1970s, there was a strange account related by Bigfoot researcher Doug Trapp at the Sasquatch Chronicles blog. Through interviews with various military personnel at California’s Edward’s Air Force Base, who spoke under condition of anonymity, Trapp has been able to piece together a very bizarre story of desert Bigfoot haunting the locale for years. One of the men interviewed was a Lieutenant in charge of security in the sector of Edward’s AFB near Rogers Dry Lake, who was at the base from 1972 to 1975.
This unnamed Lieutenant informed Trapp that the base’s security force spent a lot of time using armed sentries, motion sensing equipment, and starlight scopes on the lookout for trespassers wandering into the area, especially curiosity seekers who were interested in all of the UFO conspiracies that have orbited Edwards Air Force Base for years. One evening the witness claimed that there was a perimeter breach, and the guard who had detected it cryptically described the intruder as being “a very tall man, but not really a man.” When the Lieutenant went out to talk to the guard he too saw the thing, whatever it was. Trapp would write of the scene unfolding:
“Through the starlight scope he could clearly see that this was not a man. It was a very tall, hair-covered, ape-like man walking through the desert. He said the animal appeared to be looking at the desert floor in search of something. The animal was about 500 yards distant, but the scope was very powerful and tripod mounted so it could be observed clearly. Both men continued to observe the animal as it wandered around almost aimlessly. He then reported to his superiors of the activity and was told to keep the animal in sight. This was no problem as the animal remained in the area. About five minutes later a helicopter was heard approaching the area, then it was seen coming in fast from the east. They continued to observe the animal which continued its activity. The helicopter came in over a rock-pile, then the animal "spooked." It looked at the helicopter, turned, and ran "like a deer" around a rock-pile and out of sight.”
A full search of the area offered up not a trace of where the strange trespasser had gone, and the whole thing was reported to superiors the following day. It was then that the Lieutenant was apparently told that these creatures were sporadically spotted around the base, and he was told to continue to keep an eye on the situation. Over the next few years, he would reportedly spot these creatures several more times, and he even claimed that they had been captured on surveillance video footage, although this evidence was unfortunately, or perhaps conveniently, classified. Then he was moved away from the base and that was that. It is very intriguing, but then again this witness also claimed that there were alien spaceships kept on the base and that the Sasquatch might have been connected, so make of that what you will. If real, it all is a very intriguing look at Sasquatch in the desert.
A second officer interviewed by Trapp was a Major serving at the base from 1970 to 1978, and he too had his own odd stories to tell. This witness not only confirmed the previous reports but also claimed that the things were known to prowl about in the various subterranean tunnels said to fan out in the depths under the base. This witness also confirmed that the Sasquatch had been filmed on surveillance cameras numerous times, but that these were also top secret. A third soldier interviewed was described as a “security grunt,” who claimed to have witnessed these Bigfoot several times through night-vision starlight scopes. Trapp would say of this man’s testimony:
“He told me that he had seen a couple of Sasquatches that stood over ten feet high, had seen "obvious" females (one with a young one walking with her), and once saw a group of five Sasquatches walking together, all over six feet tall with the tallest about eight feet tall. They were fully hair-covered except the palms of their hands, the base of their feet, and their face. He said their face resembled an ape with very small eyes, a flat nose, and ape-like lips. The arms were long and slung down to the knees. He said their feet were like ours, without an arch, as they had tracked them through the desert several times. When I asked him about the surveillance videos, he told me that he knew of them but was not involved in them. He said only officers were allowed to videotape the creatures or UFOs."
Interestingly, all of the base personnel had been given strict orders not to harm the creatures in any way, and this third witness said that he believed this was one reason why they gravitated to the area because they “knew” they were safe there. Again, it is hard to know whether any of this is real in any sense or not, but desert Sasquatch are not unheard of and two of these witnesses were high-ranking, so one is left to wonder just what is really going on here.
In the winter of 1979, there was an intriguing report published on the Bigfoot Field Researchers Organization (BFRO) website from the US Army Signal School-Fort Gordon-Small Arms Impact Area in Richmond County, Georgia. The witness, known only as J.R.H., claimed that he had been near a ravine at South Prong Creek at around 2 PM when he was allegedly approached through the brush by a broad and muscular “large man/ape creature,10' to 10'6" tall.” The face was described as being:
“Rather like a Gorilla. Dark skin and Dark deep set eyes, the head sloped back and was Neanderthal shaped, had no eyebrows, prominent lips but not protruding, jutting square chin, no ears or teeth were seen, prominent nostrils slight nose (not flat like a gorilla) and an aged look to the face.”
Contrary to many Bigfoot reports of an obnoxious stench, this particular individual was reported as having no discernible odor. The witness reportedly backed slowly away back to his truck and got out of there. A later examination of the area would turn up footprints measuring a whopping 22 inches in length, as well as 20 to 30 rock piles and what appeared to be vomit containing deer skin with hair attached and egg corns not well chewed, as well as droppings laced with deerskin, egg corns, and tree bark. Other assorted sightings during the 1960s and 70s occurred around the ammo storage area of Fort Bragg, North Carolina, which happens to be the largest military base in the world. Over the decades there were supposedly numerous sightings of hairy giants measuring 8 to 9 feet tall lurking about the site, which sits up against secluded wilderness and swampland. There were so many sightings that the creature even earned the nickname “The Manchester Monster.”
Moving into the 1980s, we come to an account from the spring of that year, which supposedly occurred at Fort Leonard Wood Army Base, in the state of Missouri, in the spring of 1982. At the time the soldiers on the base were engaged in an intensive 8-week training exercise, and for one Erik Youngdahl, it would all be particularly memorable. During the Internet Virtual Bigfoot Conference in 1996, Youngdahl would tell Bigfoot researcher Cristopher Murphy that the soldiers had been driving along in the back of a military truck towards an engineer bridge crossing training site deep in the woods when he observed a giant 7-foot-tall hairy creature from the back of the vehicle. He would explain knew right away what he was seeing, and would say:
“It is funny how this realization dawned on me because the immediate moment that I viewed him, there was not a doubt in my mind that the creature I observed was Bigfoot. I wasn’t looking for it, nor did I think that there have ever been sightings in that region of the country. It was automatic, boom, no doubt. What really surprised me was its coloration, which was a light brown color, almost like the color of cork on a bulletin board. That definitely is not a person, someone in a suit? No way. It did occur to me to alert the other trainees in the truck, but I immediately thought that by the time I did, they would awaken, crane their necks to look out the back, and by that time, not see anything. This all occurred to me in milliseconds."
Also in May of 1982, there was a late-night encounter at the Marine Corps Base at Camp Pendleton, California, in San Diego County, which was reported by the BFRO. The unidentified witness was involved at the time with a youth program consisting of a rigorous series of two-week-long mini-boot camps for teenage boys overseen by the Marines. On one calm evening, the witness and around 300 boys on the camp settled down for the night, and the Marine ended up being one of the last awake on watch duty. As he patrolled the camp he said something very weird happened, which he would explain:
“As I turned facing west and looked towards the closest edge of the perimeter I noticed a tall, dark, bulky figure standing about 15 meters beyond the last tent or 20 meters from where I stood. We seemed to be staring at each other, but it’s hard to say because I could not make out any of its facial definition, but I had a strong gut feeling that it was checking me out real good since I was the only thing moving around. I could feel my heart begin to pound and my entire body felt like it wanted to anchor to the ground. There was no doubt someone or something very odd and dangerous was standing there looking at me. I mean this thing was TALL and wide at the shoulders.
I used my peripheral vision to make sure I wasn't seeing things, but it only confirmed what I already knew. It gently and slightly moved its upper body left and right ever so slowly as though looking around to its front, surveying the area. It was an easy 8 feet tall. Like I mentioned previously, all I could make out was its massive silhouette and no real detail features. It had very broad shoulders, little or no neck, dark, and looked very powerful.”
The witness then allegedly grabbed a flashlight and went to investigate, but he would lose sight of whatever the creature was. It was all very disconcerting because he was in charge of several hundred untrained civilian teenagers and was unsure of just what he was dealing with. Luckily, nothing strange happened for the rest of the evening, but when the area was investigated in the morning there was found to be no sign of what it could have been, and it remains a mystery.
In another report, a man named Robert, a former US Army specialist, recounts his terrifying experience during his service at Fort Campbell, a military base spanning the Kentucky-Tennessee border. The report was covered on the YouTube channel “Curious Conundrums Mysteries Unveiled,” and is quite outlandish, to say the least. The base is surrounded by a vast stretch on empty land, and it was on this moonscape that Robert and his partner found themselves on patrol one evening. As Robert and his partner patrolled a large darkened fenced lot filled with old decrepit rusted cars and equipment, they noticed a figure moving swiftly among the husks of equipment and vehicles. Immediately after this, the night was pierced by loud, blood-curdling screams that echoed through the area, and the two knew that this was not just any normal trespasser. They then saw the hulking figure stand near a car and realized that it stood at least 8 feet high and seemed to be covered with hair, with eyes that seemed to glint with the light of their flashlights. The creature apparently turned a baleful gaze upon them before loping off into the night.
These are certainly strange cases, and it makes one wonder just what might draw these mysterious beasts to these particular people and places. If Bigfoot are indeed real then why should they want to gravitate towards these places of soldiers, weaponry, and machines of war? Are they curious as to what we are up to? Or is it the relative safety and isolation these places might provide? After all, these are secure bases well-protected from outsiders and acting as refuges in a sense, so maybe these beasts sense that they in a way have some sort of sanctuary here. There is no way to know, and reports such as these just add further layers to the weird world of the Bigfoot phenomenon.
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Whistleblower Reveals Pentagon’s Secret UFO Video Archive: “Immaculate Constellation” Exposed
Whistleblower Reveals Pentagon’s Secret UFO Video Archive: “Immaculate Constellation” Exposed
A new whistleblower has stepped into the spotlight, claiming the U.S. government is concealing a massive collection of classified footage and images of unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Former national security official Matthew Brown revealed his identity this week and detailed what he calls a top-secret program during an interview with investigative journalist Jeremy Corbell on the Weaponized podcast. His claims have now drawn national attention following a segment on Elizabeth Vargas Reports.
Immaculate Constellation: The Hidden UFO Surveillance Program
According to Brown, the Pentagon is operating a covert initiative titled Immaculate Constellation—or “IN CANS” for short. This program allegedly collects UFO-related videos and images from a wide array of military platforms and intelligence-gathering systems. These materials, he says, are being stored in classified databases without Congressional oversight or public disclosure.
Pentagon sitting on secret trove of UFO images, whistleblower says | Elizabeth Vargas Reports
Brown claims to have seen thousands of such files, including never-before-seen videos ranging from just a few seconds to as long as 45 minutes. Some of the footage includes widely recognized incidents, like the “Tic Tac” UFO and “Gimbal” videos, but much more remains hidden from public view.
“We live in a world where we have been left behind,” Brown said, describing the sense of urgency he feels about the information being withheld.
Advanced Technology or Something Else?
While Brown stops short of confirming an extraterrestrial origin, he firmly describes the objects in the footage as anomalous, exotic, and technologically advanced—far beyond current U.S. capabilities.
“Nothing in those videos necessarily proves extraterrestrial or non-human,” he clarified.“But some of it clearly appears beyond our capabilities.”
Corbell emphasized that Brown’s testimony is firsthand, and that he has personally seen and accessed the classified materials. This puts him in a different category than whistleblowers who rely on secondhand information or hearsay.
AI and Data Secrecy
Adding to the concern, Brown revealed that the Pentagon is using artificial intelligence to scan military servers and automatically collect these files into a centralized archive. The use of AI, he suggests, makes the effort more efficient—but also more secretive.
This system, according to Corbell, allows the government to store and study UFO encounters without informing elected officials, raising serious questions about transparency and oversight.
Why Hasn’t Brown Testified?
Although Brown has participated in closed-door meetings with Congressional members, he has not yet testified in public hearings. Corbell explained that certain lawmakers—such as Representatives Anna Paulina Luna, Tim Burchett, and Eric Burlison—are working to ensure whistleblowers like Brown will eventually be heard.
“This is not taken lightly,” said Corbell. “When you expose a program like Immaculate Constellation, you’re risking everything.”
Brown was prepared to testify at the last public hearing on UFOs but was reportedly excluded from the witness list, despite being willing to go on record under oath.
What Comes Next?
Corbell hinted that more whistleblowers with direct knowledge of similar programs are waiting in the wings. Some have already recorded interviews with Corbell and journalist George Knapp, which will be released in the coming weeks.
These developments suggest that the movement for greater government transparency on UFOs and UAPs (Unidentified Aerial Phenomena) is far from over. If Brown’s claims are accurate, the American public may soon learn that the government has known far more about these encounters than it has let on—and has gone to great lengths to keep that knowledge classified.
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UFO's en Onze Fascinatie Met Hen: Een Wetenschappelijke Analyse - deel 1
Een illustratie van wat een bolvormige UFO lijkt
UFO's en Onze Fascinatie Met Hen: Een Wetenschappelijke Analyse - deel 1
Inhoudsopgave
Inleiding
Definitie en geschiedenis van UFO's
Psychologische en maatschappelijke factoren in de fascinatie met UFO's
Wetenschappelijke benadering en onderzoek naar UFO's
De culturele impact van UFO's
Moderne ontwikkelingen en de toekomst van UFO-onderzoek
Conclusie
Referenties
1. Inleiding
Het verschijnsel van onidentificeerbare vliegende objecten (UFO's) heeft gedurende eeuwen de menselijke verbeelding gevangen. Van oude legendes en mythes over vreemde verschijnselen in de lucht tot moderne meldingen en officiële overheidsrapporten, de interesse in UFO's weerspiegelt onze voortdurende zoektocht naar het onbekende en onze wens om het onverklaarbare te begrijpen. Deze fascinatie wordt versterkt door verhalen van getuigen, die vaak onduidelijke of spectaculaire waarnemingen doen. In deze analyse wordt niet alleen gekeken naar de geschiedenis en het wetenschappelijke onderzoek naar UFO's, maar ook naar de psychologische en maatschappelijke factoren die onze fascinatie voeden. Hoe beïnvloeden culturele verhalen, media en popcultuur onze perceptie van UFO's? Daarnaast wordt de invloed van recente ontwikkelingen in het onderzoek, zoals nieuwe technologieën en overheidsinitiatieven, besproken. Wat betekenen deze ontdekkingen voor de wetenschap en onze samenleving? De voortdurende belangstelling voor UFO's laat zien hoe wij als mens blijven zoeken naar antwoorden over het universum en onze plaats daarin. Door deze verschillende aspecten te onderzoeken, hopen we een breder begrip te krijgen van waarom UFO's een blijvend en intrigerend fenomeen blijven.
2. Definitie en geschiedenis van UFO's
2.1 Wat zijn UFO's?
UFO's, ofwel 'Unidentified Flying Objects', vormen een fascinerend en complex fenomeen dat al eeuwenlang de menselijke verbeelding prikkelt. In de meest eenvoudige definitie verwijst een UFO naar elk object dat in de lucht wordt waargenomen en niet onmiddellijk kan worden geïdentificeerd of verklaard. Het belangrijke kenmerk is dus de onduidelijkheid over de identiteit van het waargenomen verschijnsel. Het feit dat een object als 'onbekend' wordt gekwalificeerd, betekent niet automatisch dat het buitenaards van oorsprong is; het geeft simpelweg aan dat op dat moment geen directe, bevredigende verklaring voorhanden is. Deze onduidelijkheid kan voortkomen uit verschillende oorzaken: beperkte observatiecondities, technische beperkingen, of simpelweg de complexiteit van het verschijnsel.
Het is essentieel om te benadrukken dat de term 'UFO' niet synoniem is met 'buitenaards ruimteschip'. Veel waarnemingen kunnen achteraf worden verklaard door natuurlijke fenomenen zoals meteorieten, atmosferische verschijnselen, of menselijke activiteiten zoals vliegtuigen en drones. Echter, de aantrekkingskracht van het fenomeen ligt juist in de onzekerheid en de mogelijkheid dat sommige waarnemingen misschien niet volledig kunnen worden verklaard binnen de huidige wetenschappelijke kennis.
Het gebruik van de term UFO is ook cultureel geladen. In de populaire cultuur worden UFO's vaak afgebeeld als ruimteschepen die door buitenaardse wezens worden bestuurd, wat de perceptie en de interpretatie van deze verschijnselen sterk beïnvloedt. Wetenschappelijke benaderingen proberen echter objectief te blijven en richten zich op systematische analyse en verklaring van waarnemingen, ongeacht hun mogelijke buitenaardse oorsprong.
2.2 Historische context
De waarneming van vreemde luchtverschijnselen is geen nieuw fenomeen en gaat terug tot in de oudheid. Archeologische vondsten, middeleeuwse schilderijen, en oude manuscripten bevatten vaak afbeeldingen en beschrijvingen van objecten en verschijnselen die mogelijk UFO's kunnen zijn geweest. Bijvoorbeeld, in middeleeuwse kunstwerken worden vaak mysterieuze lichten en vliegende objecten afgebeeld, waarvan sommigen speculeren dat ze de eerste visuele getuigenissen van onverklaarbare luchtverschijnselen kunnen zijn. Ook oude teksten beschrijven vaak vreemde lichtbollen, vurige schijven, of andere fenomenen die nu mogelijk onder de noemer UFO zouden kunnen worden geplaatst.
De moderne geschiedenis van UFO-waarnemingen begint echter in de 20e eeuw. Een van de eerste en meest invloedrijke incidenten was de waarneming van Kenneth Arnold op 24 juni 1947. Arnold was een Amerikaanse piloot die tijdens een vlucht nabij Mount Rainier in Washington een formatie van snel bewegende, platvorm- of schotelvormige objecten zag die ‘als schotels over het water sprongen’. Deze beschrijving leidde tot de term 'flying saucers' en markeerde het begin van de hedendaagse UFO-onderzoeken. Het incident kreeg veel media-aandacht en zette een golf van publieke interesse en speculatie in gang. Het werd ook het startpunt voor de verdere studie en documentatie van onverklaarbare luchtverschijnselen.
Dit incident en de daaropvolgende waarnemingen beïnvloedden niet alleen de publieke perceptie, maar ook de militaire en overheidsinteresse in het fenomeen. Het zorgde voor een groeiende overtuiging dat er mogelijk meer aan de hand was dan louter natuurlijke verschijnselen of menselijke activiteiten. De jaren die volgden, zouden gekenmerkt worden door een verhoogde aandacht voor UFO's, zowel in de media als binnen de wetenschappelijke en militaire wereld.
2.3 De periode van de 'flying saucers'
De jaren 1950 en 1960 worden vaak beschouwd als de gouden eeuw van UFO-waarnemingen en -onderzoek. Tijdens deze periode nam de publieke belangstelling sterk toe, mede dankzij de media en de opkomst van de ruimtevaarttechnologie. Televisie, kranten en tijdschriften berichtten frequent over vreemde verschijnselen aan de hemel, vaak met spectaculaire beelden en verhalen. De beroemde incidenten zoals de 'Kenneth Arnold' waarneming, de 'Roswell' gebeurtenis in 1947, en talloze andere meldingen zorgden voor een voortdurende stroom van rapportages.
In deze periode werden veel meldingen gedaan die vaak gerelateerd werden aan militaire of civiele luchtvaartactiviteiten. Sommige waarnemingen konden worden verklaard door bekende fenomenen zoals vliegtuigen, ballonnen, of atmosferische verschijnselen, maar een substantieel aantal bleef onverklaard. Daarnaast namen de geruchten over buitenaardse bezoekers toe, mede door de popularisering van sciencefictionfilms en boeken. De publieke verbeelding werd gevoed door verhalen over aliens die landingen maakten op aarde, en door getuigenissen van mensen die beweerden contact te hebben gehad met buitenaardse wezens.
De periode kenmerkt zich ook door een zekere mate van hysterie en overdrijving, wat de interpretatie van waarnemingen bemoeilijkte. Overheden en wetenschappers werden geconfronteerd met een complexe uitdaging: hoe serieus te nemen zijn deze waarnemingen? Sommige onderzoekers pleitten voor een systematische studie, terwijl anderen ze afdoen als onbeduidende verschijnselen of hoaxes. Desalniettemin leidde de grote hoeveelheid meldingen tot de oprichting van diverse onderzoeksinitiatieven en commissies.
2.4 Overheidsrapporten en officiële verklaringen
In de loop der jaren hebben verschillende overheden, met name de Verenigde Staten, documenten vrijgegeven over UFO-waarnemingen en -onderzoeken. Een van de meest bekende initiatieven was het Project Blue Book, dat liep van 1952 tot 1969. Dit project werd uitgevoerd door de Amerikaanse luchtmacht en had als doel om de talloze UFO-meldingen te verzamelen, te analyseren en te beoordelen op hun geloofwaardigheid en verklaarbaarheid.
Het Project Blue Book onderzocht meer dan 12.000 meldingen en concludeerde dat het merendeel van de waarnemingen te verklaren was door natuurlijke verschijnselen zoals meteorieten, atmosferische anomalieën, of menselijke activiteiten zoals militaire oefeningen en civiele luchtvaart. Echter, ongeveer 700 gevallen bleven onverklaard na uitgebreide analyse. Deze onverklaarde gevallen zorgden voor speculatie en versterkten de overtuiging dat er mogelijk meer aan de hand was.
Naast het Blue Book-rapport zijn er andere officiële documenten en verklaringen vrijgegeven door verschillende landen. Bijvoorbeeld, het Britse Ministry of Defence publiceerde rapporten over hun UFO-onderzoeken, en ook andere landen zoals Canada en Rusland hebben vergelijkbare initiatieven gehad. De vrijgave van deze documenten heeft geleid tot een hernieuwde interesse en discussie over de aard en het belang van UFO-waarnemingen.
De officiële verklaringen variëren van volledige ontkenning tot het erkennen van het bestaan van onverklaarbare fenomenen. Vaak wordt benadrukt dat de meeste waarnemingen kunnen worden verklaard door natuurlijke verschijnselen of menselijke activiteiten, en dat er geen overtuigend bewijs is voor buitenaardse betrokkenheid. Toch blijven de onverklaarde gevallen een bron van speculatie en onderzoek, vooral omdat ze vragen oproepen over de transparantie en de volledigheid van de gegevens die door overheden worden verzameld.
In samenvatting vormt de geschiedenis van UFO's een rijke en complexe mix van waarnemingen, interpretaties, en officiële rapportages. Het fenomeen blijft een intrigerend onderwerp dat zowel de nieuwsgierigheid van het publiek als de wetenschappelijke belangstelling blijft prikkelen. De voortdurende ontwikkeling van technologieën voor luchtvaart en observatie, samen met een toenemende openheid van overheden, zorgen ervoor dat het onderzoek naar UFO's nog steeds actueel en relevant is.
Deze uitgebreide beschrijving brengt de wetenschap, geschiedenis, en cultuur rond UFO's in kaart en biedt een diepgaande blik op het fenomeen, waarmee een stevige basis wordt gelegd voor verdere analyse en discussie.
3. Psychologische en maatschappelijke factoren in de fascinatie met UFO's
3.1 De menselijke drang naar het onbekende
De fascinatie met onverklaarde vliegende objecten (UFO's) wortelt diep in de menselijke psyche en vormt een universeel fenomeen dat door de geschiedenis heen is waargenomen. Deze drang naar het onbekende is niet alleen een eigenschap van de moderne samenleving, maar is al sinds de oudheid aanwezig in verschillende culturen en beschavingen. Mensen hebben altijd gezocht naar verklaringen voor het onbegrijpelijke en het mysterieuze, vaak door hun eigen verbeelding en culturele referenties te projecteren op fenomenen die ze niet kunnen begrijpen.
Van oudsher hebben mensen bijvoorbeeld hemellichamen en natuurlijke verschijnselen geïnterpreteerd als manifestaties van goden, geesten of bovennatuurlijke krachten. In moderne tijden vertaalt deze behoefte zich naar de zoektocht naar buitenaards leven en UFO's. Deze zoektocht wordt niet alleen gedreven door nieuwsgierigheid, maar ook door een fundamenteel verlangen naar verbondenheid, betekenis, en een breder kosmisch perspectief. Het idee dat er andere intelligente wezens bestaan buiten onze planeet biedt een gevoel van verbondenheid met een groter universum en kan een antwoord bieden op existentiële vragen over onze plaats in het heelal.
Daarnaast speelt het menselijke verlangen naar contact en communicatie met buitenaardse intelligenties een belangrijke rol. Het idee dat 'we niet alleen zijn' voedt een hoopvolle en soms ook angstige houding ten opzichte van het onbekende. Voor velen vertegenwoordigt het UFO-fenomeen ook een mogelijkheid tot ontdekking, innovatie en de uitbreiding van menselijke kennis. Het zoeken naar buitenaards leven kan dus ook worden gezien als een uitdrukking van de universele menselijke drang om te ontdekken, te begrijpen, en te verbinden.
Deze drang wordt verder versterkt door de evolutionaire aard van de menselijke geest, die van nature gericht is op patroonherkenning en het zoeken naar betekenis. In een wereld die vaak complex en ondoorgrondelijk is, biedt het toeschrijven van onverklaarbare verschijnselen aan buitenaardse of bovennatuurlijke bronnen een manier om onzekerheid te verminderen en controle te krijgen over het onbekende. Hierdoor ontstaat een soort cognitieve compensatie: door te geloven dat UFO's buitenaardse bezoekers zijn, suggereren mensen dat er een hoger, intelligent leven bestaat dat ons kan helpen of dat ons observeert, wat zowel geruststellend als spannend kan zijn.
Kortom, de menselijke drang naar het onbekende vormt de kern van de fascinatie met UFO's. Het is een complex samenspel van psychologische, culturele en existentiële factoren dat deze interesse al eeuwenlang in stand houdt en telkens weer nieuwe vormen aanneemt.
3.2 Cognitieve biases en perceptie
De waarneming en interpretatie van UFO's worden sterk beïnvloed door diverse cognitieve biases en perceptuele processen die de menselijke geest kenmerken. Een van de meest voorkomende verklaringen voor onverklaarde vliegende verschijnselen is pareidolie, een fenomeen waarbij het brein patronen of gezichten herkent in willekeurige stimuli. Dit verklaart bijvoorbeeld waarom mensen vaak vormen of lichten in de lucht zien die lijken op schepen, wezens of andere bekende objecten, terwijl er in werkelijkheid geen dergelijke objecten bestaan.
Naast pareidolie spelen ook andere perceptuele illusies een rol. Bijvoorbeeld kunnen natuurlijke verschijnselen zoals weersverschijnselen (bijvoorbeeld halo's, spiegelingen, of lichtinval), atmosferische optische effecten, of onregelmatige bewegingen van sterren en planeten gemakkelijk worden verkeerd geïnterpreteerd als UFO's. Ook menselijke perceptie is beperkt en kan worden beïnvloed door omstandigheden zoals vermoeidheid, stress, en verwarring, wat de kans op foutieve waarnemingen vergroot.
Een belangrijke psychologische factor is confirmatiebias: de neiging om informatie die bestaande overtuigingen bevestigt, gemakkelijker te accepteren en te onthouden. Mensen die geloven in buitenaards leven zijn bijvoorbeeld geneigd waarnemingen die hen bevestigen te interpreteren als bewijs voor het bestaan van UFO's, terwijl afwijkende informatie wordt genegeerd of afgedaan als onbetrouwbaar. Dit leidt tot een versterking van de overtuigingen en een bevestiging van het bestaande wereldbeeld.
Groepsdenken speelt eveneens een belangrijke rol in de interpretatie van UFO-waarnemingen. Wanneer mensen in groepen waarnemingen delen of bespreken, wordt de kans groter dat ze elkaar beïnvloeden en dat er een collectieve interpretatie ontstaat die de waarnemingen versterkt. Sociale druk en de wens om erbij te horen kunnen ertoe leiden dat mensen hun waarnemingen aanpassen aan de groepsnormen en dat afwijkende meningen worden onderdrukt.
Verder is er de rol van geheugen en suggestie. Mensen kunnen herinneringen aan UFO-waarnemingen vervormen onder invloed van verhalen, media, of suggestieve communicatie. Dit fenomeen, bekend als geheugenvorming door suggestie, maakt dat mensen zichzelf kunnen overtuigen dat ze daadwerkelijk een UFO hebben gezien, terwijl hun herinnering in werkelijkheid is beïnvloed door externe factoren.
Samenvattend kan gesteld worden dat onze perceptie van UFO's sterk wordt gekleurd door cognitieve biases en perceptuele beperkingen. Deze biases zorgen ervoor dat veel waarnemingen, die in eerste instantie onverklaarbaar lijken, achteraf kunnen worden verklaard door natuurlijke verschijnselen, menselijke fouten, of misinterpretaties.
3.3 Massamedia en popcultuur
De rol van massamedia en popcultuur in de vorming van de perceptie en interpretatie van UFO-verschijnselen is niet te onderschatten. Door de jaren heen hebben films, televisieshows, boeken en andere mediavormen het beeld van UFO's en buitenaardse bezoekers sterk beïnvloed en versterkt. Een van de meest invloedrijke culturele producties op dit gebied is de televisieserie 'The X-Files', die vanaf de jaren negentig een enorme populariteit genoot en een blijvende impact heeft gehad op het collectieve bewustzijn.
In dergelijke media worden UFO's vaak afgebeeld als geheimzinnige, geavanceerde schepen die door buitenaardse wezens worden bestuurd. Deze representaties creëren een soort 'collectief geheugen' waarin het idee van buitenaardse bezoekers als vanzelfsprekend wordt geaccepteerd en geïntegreerd in de culturele verbeelding. De media zorgen niet alleen voor entertainment, maar ook voor het vormgeven van maatschappelijke opvattingen over het fenomeen UFO.
Daarnaast spelen boeken en documentaires een belangrijke rol in het verspreiden van informatie en theorieën over UFO's en buitenaards leven. Sommige publicaties presenteren bewijsstukken en getuigenissen die de geloofwaardigheid van het bestaan van buitenaardse beschavingen versterken. Andere werken, vooral die met een sensatiebeluste of complottheoretische inslag, kunnen het verhaal verder overdrijven en de publieke perceptie beïnvloeden door het creëren van een sfeer van geheimzinnigheid en gevaar.
De media dragen ook bij aan het normaliseren van UFO-waarnemingen door ze te presenteren als een onderdeel van de maatschappelijke realiteit. Ze versterken het idee dat dit fenomeen niet alleen iets voor wetenschappers of overheidsinstanties is, maar dat het een collectief vraagstuk is dat iedereen kan overkomen. Hierdoor wordt de angst of nieuwsgierigheid rondom UFO's versterkt, en de interesse in het onderwerp wordt aangewakkerd.
Daarnaast hebben de representaties in popcultuur soms een self-fulfilling prophecy-effect: wanneer mensen zien dat UFO's vaak worden afgebeeld als gevaarlijk of mysterieus, gaan ze zelf sneller geneigd zijn om onverklaarbare verschijnselen als mogelijk bewijs voor buitenaards bezoek te interpreteren. Dit versterkt de cirkel van waarnemingen en interpretaties die niet altijd op feitelijke waarnemingen gebaseerd zijn, maar vooral op culturele beelden en verwachtingen.
Kortom, massamedia en popcultuur fungeren als belangrijke katalysatoren voor de collectieve beeldvorming over UFO's. Ze vormen een culturele referentie die percepties en interpretaties beïnvloeden, wat bijdraagt aan de blijvende fascinatie en het mysterie rondom het fenomeen.
3.4 Sociaal-culturele factoren en interpretatie
De interpretatie van UFO-verschijnselen wordt sterk bepaald door de sociaal-culturele context waarin waarnemingen plaatsvinden. Historisch gezien hebben verschillende periodes en samenlevingen verschillende betekenissen en symboliek verbonden aan onverklaarbare verschijnselen in de lucht.
Tijdens periodes van maatschappelijke onzekerheid, angst, of grote technologische veranderingen, zoals de Koude Oorlog, werden UFO's vaak geïnterpreteerd als tekenen van vijandige of onbekende machten. In deze context fungeerden UFO's als symbolen van angst, paranoia, en overheidsbedrog. Bijvoorbeeld, in de jaren vijftig en zestig van de twintigste eeuw werden meldingen van UFO's vaak gekoppeld aan de spanningen tussen Oost en West, en werden ze geassocieerd met geheime militaire activiteiten of vijandige buitenlandse machten. Deze interpretaties werden versterkt door de toenmalige media en overheidscommunicatie, die soms UFO-verschijnselen als gevaarlijke of spionage-gerelateerde fenomenen afschilderden.
Tegelijkertijd kunnen UFO's ook dienen als symbolen van hoop en het verlangen naar een bredere kosmische gemeenschap. In tijden van maatschappelijke verandering of crisis kunnen ze worden geïnterpreteerd als tekenen van buitenaardse intelligences die ons kunnen helpen, begeleiden, of een nieuw tijdperk inluiden. Deze interpretaties worden vaak geassocieerd met utopische of spirituele bewegingen, waarin UFO's en buitenaardse wezens worden gezien als boodschappers of gidsen naar een hogere staat van bewustzijn.
De culturele achtergrond en religieuze overtuigingen van een samenleving beïnvloeden eveneens de manier waarop UFO's worden geïnterpreteerd. In sommige culturen worden ze gezien als bovennatuurlijke verschijnselen of goddelijke manifestaties, terwijl in andere gebieden het meer gaat om wetenschappelijke of technologische verklaringen. De manier waarop maatschappelijke groepen reageren op UFO-waarnemingen wordt daardoor sterk bepaald door hun wereldbeeld en culturele codes.
Verder speelt de context van overheidsbeleid en de mate van transparantie een rol in de interpretatie. In landen waar overheden informatie over UFO's achterhouden of ontkennen, ontstaat vaak een sfeer van mysterie en complottheorieën, die de publieke perceptie verder beïnvloeden. Het ontbreken van officiële verklaringen kan leiden tot speculatie, geruchten en het geloof in geheime experimenten of buitenaardse betrokkenheid.
Ten slotte beïnvloedt de sociale status en identiteit van de waarnemers zelf ook hoe zij UFO-verschijnselen interpreteren. Mensen met een hogere opleiding en wetenschappelijke achtergrond neigen er mogelijk toe om verschijnselen rationeel te analyseren en natuurlijke verklaringen te zoeken. Daarentegen zijn mensen met een spirituele of alternatieve levensstijl vaak meer geneigd om UFO's te zien als bewijs voor bovennatuurlijke of buitenaardse activiteiten. Deze verschillen in interpretatie dragen bij aan de diversiteit van verhalen en overtuigingen rondom UFO's.
Kortom, de sociaal-culturele factoren bepalen niet alleen de perceptie van UFO-verschijnselen, maar ook de manier waarop ze worden geïnterpreteerd en geïntegreerd in het collectieve bewustzijn. Ze vormen een belangrijke schakel in de voortdurende fascinatie en het mysterie dat het fenomeen omringt, en zorgen ervoor dat de betekenis van UFO's telkens weer wordt aangepast aan de heersende maatschappelijke context.
4. Wetenschappelijke benadering en onderzoek naar UFO's
4.1 De wetenschappelijke methode en UFO-onderzoek
De studie van onidentificeerbare vliegende objecten (UFO's) vereist een rigoureuze en systematische wetenschappelijke aanpak. Traditioneel gebaseerd op de principes van de empirische wetenschappen, zoals fysica en astronomie, stelt de wetenschappelijke methode dat hypothesen getoetst moeten worden door middel van objectieve observatie, herhaalbaarheid en verificatie. Bij UFO-onderzoek betekent dit dat waarnemingen niet zomaar als bewijs moeten worden aanvaard zonder grondige analyse en bewijsvoering.
Een fundamenteel uitgangspunt binnen de wetenschappelijke benadering is het verzamelen van data via verschillende, onafhankelijke bronnen. Dit kan onder meer bestaan uit visuele waarnemingen door getuigen, beeldmateriaal, radar- en infraroodmetingen, en zelfs plotselinge veranderingen in het gedrag van luchtvaartuigen of atmosferische verschijnselen. Het documenteren van deze gegevens op een systematische en reproduceerbare wijze is essentieel, omdat het de basis vormt voor verdere analyse en het uitsluiten van natuurlijke of menselijke verklaringen.
Daarnaast wordt er bij UFO-onderzoek veel belang gehecht aan verificatie en falsificatie. Een waarneming moet niet alleen goed gedocumenteerd zijn, maar ook reproduceerbaar en controleerbaar door andere onderzoekers. Dit betekent dat, indien mogelijk, waarnemingen herhaald moeten kunnen worden onder vergelijkbare omstandigheden of dat vergelijkbare gegevens door verschillende bronnen worden verzameld. Dit proces helpt bij het uitsluiten van interpretatiefouten, hallucinaties of misidentificaties van natuurlijke verschijnselen zoals ballonnnen, vogels, weerballonnen, of atmosferische fenomenen.
Wetenschappers benadrukken dat het niet mogelijk is om conclusies te trekken op basis van anekdotische waarnemingen alleen. Het verzamelen van kwantitatieve gegevens, zoals spectroscopische analyse, radartracking, en thermografische metingen, verhoogt de betrouwbaarheid van de bevindingen. Daarnaast moeten onderzoekers zich bewust zijn van cognitieve biases, zoals bevestigingsvooroordelen, die kunnen leiden tot interpretatiefouten. Het is daarom van belang om een kritische houding te behouden en de gegevens altijd te toetsen aan bestaande wetenschappelijke kennis.
Kortom, het wetenschappelijke onderzoek naar UFO's moet gebaseerd zijn op objectieve, reproduceerbare en verificabele gegevens. Alleen door deze rigoureuze aanpak kunnen we de waarnemingen effectief analyseren en beoordelen of er sprake is van een nog niet begrepen fenomeen of dat de waarnemingen kunnen worden verklaard door natuurlijke of menselijke activiteiten.
4.2 De rol van technologische vooruitgang
De technologische ontwikkeling heeft een fundamentele invloed gehad op de manier waarop UFO-verschijnselen worden waargenomen, vastgelegd en geanalyseerd. In het verleden waren waarnemingen vaak beperkt tot visuele observaties met het blote oog, die vaak onderhevig waren aan interpretatie en subjectiviteit. Tegenwoordig maken geavanceerde technologieën het mogelijk om gegevens te verzamelen met een hogere precisie en betrouwbaarheid.
Een belangrijke technologische innovatie is de toepassing van high-resolution satellietbeelden. Satellieten in lage en geostationaire banen kunnen luchtruimgebieden monitoren en objecten detecteren die met het blote oog niet zichtbaar zijn. Ze kunnen bewegingen en verschijnselen vastleggen die anders misschien niet opgemerkt zouden worden. Deze beelden worden vaak geanalyseerd met behulp van geavanceerde beeldverwerkingstechnieken, zoals computer vision en machine learning, waardoor patronen en anomalieën beter kunnen worden geïdentificeerd.
Daarnaast heeft radartechnologie zich ontwikkeld tot een onmisbaar instrument voor UFO-onderzoek. Radarsystemen kunnen objecten detecteren en volgen in drie dimensies en bieden informatie over snelheid, afstand en traject. In recente jaren is er ook een groeiende toepassing van infrarood- en multispectrale sensoren, die in staat zijn om thermische verschijnselen te detecteren en te onderscheiden van natuurlijke atmosferische fenomenen. Deze gegevens helpen om conclusies te trekken over de aard en mogelijke herkomst van de waargenomen objecten.
De hernieuwde interesse in UFO's is mede te danken aan de vrijgave van video’s door het Amerikaanse Pentagon. In 2020 werden bijvoorbeeld drie video's openbaar gemaakt waarop onverklaarbare luchtverschijnselen te zien zijn, onder meer een object dat snel beweegt en onverwacht van koers verandert. Deze beelden, die eerder geheim werden gehouden, maakten duidelijk dat er nog veel te onderzoeken viel en dat de overheid open stond voor verder wetenschappelijk onderzoek.
Bovendien speelt data-analyse een grote rol. Met behulp van kunstmatige intelligentie en machine learning kunnen grote hoeveelheden waarnemingsgegevens worden geautomatiseerd geanalyseerd op patronen, afwijkingen en correlaties. Dit versnelt het proces van identificatie en classificatie van objecten en verschijnselen aanzienlijk, en helpt onderzoekers om op basis van objectieve criteria conclusies te trekken.
Kortom, technologische vooruitgang heeft het onderzoek naar UFO's veel veelzijdiger en betrouwbaarder gemaakt. Door het gebruik van satellietbeelden, radar, infraroodmetingen en geavanceerde data-analyse kunnen onderzoekers tegenwoordig veel meer objectieve en kwantitatieve gegevens verzamelen. Dit vermindert de subjectiviteit en vergroot de kans op het ontdekken van onverklaarbare fenomenen die mogelijk nieuwe wetenschappelijke inzichten bieden.
4.3 De 'UFO' als fenomeen buiten de wetenschap
Hoewel het merendeel van de waarnemingen door wetenschappers wordt geïnterpreteerd als natuurlijke verschijnselen, menselijke activiteiten of atmosferische fenomenen, blijven er gevallen bestaan die moeilijk te verklaren zijn en die vragen oproepen over de aard en herkomst ervan. Sommige waarnemingen vertonen eigenschappen die niet overeenkomen met bekende luchtvaarttechnologie of natuurlijke verschijnselen, en worden daarom soms aangeduid als 'onaantastbaar' of 'onverklaarbaar'.
Het is belangrijk om te benadrukken dat het bestaan van onopgeloste waarnemingen niet automatisch betekent dat er buitenaardse intelligentie bij betrokken is. Het kan ook wijzen op onbekende natuurlijke processen of technologische ontwikkelingen die nog niet gedocumenteerd of begrepen worden door de wetenschap. Sommige wetenschappers pleiten daarom voor een open maar kritische houding: het fenomeen moet onderzocht blijven worden, zonder meteen te concluderen dat het om buitenaardse activiteiten gaat.
Het buiten-wetenschappelijke karakter van sommige UFO-verschijnselen brengt eveneens het risico met zich mee van pseudowetenschap en sensationele interpretaties. Het is daarom van belang dat wetenschappelijke onderzoeksmethoden worden toegepast, en dat conclusies gebaseerd zijn op rigoureuze analyse en bewijs. Daarnaast moeten onderzoekers zich bewust blijven van de beperkingen van onze huidige kennis en technologie, en openstaan voor nieuwe theorieën en verklaringen.
Een ander aspect is dat sommige fenomenen zich voordoen in een context van psychologisch en sociaal gedrag, zoals massale paniek of collectieve hallucinaties, die het moeilijk maken om objectieve waarnemingen te doen. Daarom is het van belang om niet alleen de fysieke verschijnselen te bestuderen, maar ook de menselijke perceptie en interpretatie ervan.
Kortom, de 'UFO' als fenomeen buiten de wetenschap blijft een complex en veelomvattend onderwerp. Het vraagt om een open, kritische en multidisciplinaire benadering, waarin niet alleen fysische en technologische aspecten worden onderzocht, maar ook psychologische, sociologische en culturele factoren.
4.4 Het belang van transparantie en internationale samenwerking
In de afgelopen jaren is er een groeiende roep om meer transparantie van overheden en militaire instanties met betrekking tot UFO-onderzoek. Veel waarnemingen worden nog steeds geklasseerd of niet gedeeld met het wetenschappelijke veld, wat het moeilijk maakt om systematisch onderzoek te doen en betrouwbare conclusies te trekken. Transparantie is essentieel om het vertrouwen in het onderzoek te vergroten en om de wetenschappelijke gemeenschap de mogelijkheid te geven om data te analyseren en hypotheses te testen.
De Amerikaanse overheid, en met name het Pentagon, heeft in 2020 enkele video's vrijgegeven waarop onverklaarbare luchtverschijnselen te zien zijn. Deze openheid heeft geleid tot hernieuwde interesse en een meer serieuze houding ten opzichte van het onderwerp. Daarnaast heeft de US Navy officieel erkend dat bepaalde waarnemingen niet kunnen worden verklaard, wat een belangrijke stap is in de richting van meer openheid en transparantie.
Internationale samenwerking is eveneens van groot belang. UFO-verschijnselen houden zich niet aan nationale grenzen en kunnen in verschillende delen van de wereld worden waargenomen. Het delen van gegevens tussen landen en onderzoeksinstellingen kan leiden tot een beter begrip van de fenomenen en het identificeren van patronen of unieke kenmerken. Organisaties zoals de United Nations hebben gepleit voor een internationale aanpak, waarbij gegevensuitwisseling en gezamenlijke onderzoeken gestimuleerd worden.
Daarnaast kunnen internationale samenwerkingsprojecten helpen om de technologische en wetenschappelijke expertise te bundelen, en om methoden en standaarden te harmoniseren. Dit zou de kwaliteit en betrouwbaarheid van het onderzoek verbeteren, en mogelijk leiden tot doorbraken in ons begrip van deze verschijnselen.
Kortom, transparantie en internationale samenwerking vormen de kern van een wetenschappelijke aanpak die serieus genomen wil worden. Alleen door openheid en gedeelde kennis kunnen we de mysteries rondom UFO's op een effectieve en verantwoorde manier aanpakken, en mogelijk nieuwe wetenschappelijke inzichten verwerven die ons begrip van het luchtruim en de kosmos kunnen verrijken.
5. De culturele impact van UFO's
5.1 UFO's in de populaire cultuur
De aanwezigheid van onverklaarbare vliegende objecten (UFO's) in de populaire cultuur is onmiskenbaar en heeft gedurende decennia een diepe invloed uitgeoefend op verschillende mediavormen zoals film, literatuur, televisie en kunst. Deze invloed is niet alleen een weerspiegeling van de menselijke fascinatie met het onbekende, maar heeft ook bijgedragen aan de vorming van collectieve wereldbeelden en maatschappelijke opvattingen over buitenaards leven.
In de jaren 1950 en 1960 werden films zoals 'The Day the Earth Stood Still' (1951) en 'Close Encounters of the Third Kind' (1977) pioniers in het visualiseren van buitenaardse ontmoetingen en de mogelijke communicatie tussen mensen en andere beschavingen. Deze films legden niet alleen de basis voor de sciencefictiongenre, maar zetten ook vragen over de mensheid, haar plaats in het universum en de aard van buitenaardse intelligentie centraal. Ze beïnvloedden niet alleen de publieke perceptie, maar ook de wetenschappelijke en filosofische discussies over de mogelijkheid van buitenaards leven.
Daarnaast heeft de serie 'The X-Files', die in de jaren 1990 populair werd, een blijvende impact op de cultuur gehad door het combineren van elementen van complottheorieën, overheidsgeheimen en buitenaardse ontmoetingen. De serie introduceerde het concept van het 'believe or not'-denken en stimuleerde een breed publiek om open te staan voor de mogelijkheid dat de overheid informatie achterhoudt over UFO-waarnemingen.
In de literatuur en kunst zijn UFO's eveneens een terugkerend thema. Van de sciencefictionromans van Isaac Asimov tot de surreële kunstwerken van Salvador Dalí, de verbeelding van buitenaardse verschijnselen heeft geleid tot nieuwe manieren van creatieve expressie. Kunstenaars gebruiken UFO's vaak als metafoor voor het onbekende, de angst voor de ander of de zoektocht naar universele waarheden. Daarnaast worden UFO-afbeeldingen en -thema's vaak ingezet om maatschappelijke en existentiële vragen te verkennen, zoals de aard van bewustzijn, de betekenis van het bestaan en de grenzen van menselijke kennis.
De popularisering van UFO's via media heeft ook geleid tot een soort collectief geheugen waarin bepaalde beelden en verhalen zich stevig verankerd hebben. Voor veel mensen vormen UFO's een onderdeel van een bredere mythologie die de moderne tijd heeft gevormd. Dit heeft niet alleen geresulteerd in een cultuur die openstaat voor het bovennatuurlijke, maar ook in een kritische houding ten opzichte van officiële verklaringen en autoriteiten, zoals overheidsinstanties en wetenschappelijke instellingen.
5.2 Nieuwe religieuze bewegingen en UFO's
Naast de invloed op de populaire cultuur hebben UFO's ook geleid tot de ontstaan van nieuwe religieuze bewegingen en spirituele groepen. Deze bewegingen interpreteren UFO-verschijnselen niet alleen als wetenschappelijke of mysterieuze fenomenen, maar als tekenen van een hogere macht, spirituele boodschap of buitenaardse beschavingen die een diepere betekenis voor de mensheid hebben.
Een prominente groep binnen deze context zijn de Raëlianen, een internationale religieuze beweging die in de jaren 1970 werd opgericht door Claude Vorilhon, beter bekend als Raël. Zij geloven dat buitenaardse wezens, die zij 'Elohim' noemen, verantwoordelijk zijn voor de schepping van de mensheid en dat zij contact zoeken met de aarde. De Raëlianen zien UFO-waarnemingen en buitenaardse ontmoetingen als bewijzen van deze buitenaardse betrokkenheid en beschouwen deze verschijnselen als een spirituele boodschap die de mensheid moet leiden naar een hogere staat van bewustzijn. Zij promoten ook het idee dat de mensheid zich moet voorbereiden op een naderend contact met de buitenaardse beschavingen, wat volgens hen de sleutel is tot wereldvrede en technologische vooruitgang.
Een andere bekende beweging is 'Heaven's Gate', die in de jaren 1990 berucht werd vanwege de massale zelfmoord van haar leden. Deze groep geloofde dat de komst van een buitenaardse schepper op aarde nabij was en dat het sterven van de leden hen zou helpen om te worden geëvacueerd naar een hogere dimensie, waar ze zouden herenigd worden met de buitenaardse wezens. Hoewel hun overtuigingen extreem waren, illustreren ze hoe UFO-thema's kunnen worden geïntegreerd in een religieus wereldbeeld dat diepe spirituele en existentiële vragen adresseert.
Deze nieuwe religieuze bewegingen illustreren dat UFO's niet alleen fenomenen zijn die de wetenschap en de cultuur intrigeren, maar ook diepe spirituele en existentiële betekenissen kunnen krijgen. Ze vervullen een rol die vergelijkbaar is met die van traditionele religies: het bieden van antwoorden op fundamentele vragen over het bestaan, de oorsprong van de mensheid en de toekomst van de beschaving. Bovendien zorgen deze bewegingen voor een alternatieve interpretatiekader waarin buitenaardse wezens niet alleen als wetenschappelijke entiteiten worden gezien, maar ook als spirituele boodschappers of verlossers.
Het ontstaan en de verspreiding van dergelijke bewegingen benadrukken dat UFO's een veelzijdige rol spelen binnen de menselijke zoektocht naar betekenis en spirituele vervulling. Ze laten zien dat de grens tussen wetenschap, spiritualiteit en mythologie vervaagt wanneer het gaat om onverklaarbare verschijnselen die de menselijke verbeelding prikkelen. Deze bewegingen blijven vaak controversieel en worden door wetenschappers en kritische denkers bekeken vanuit een sceptisch perspectief, maar ze blijven wel een krachtig voorbeeld van hoe UFO's cultureel kunnen worden geïnterpreteerd en geïntegreerd in nieuwe wereldbeelden.
Zorgen in Amerika om vliegende objecten: drones of toch UFO's?
5.3 UFO's en de maatschappelijke angst
De fascinatie met UFO's is niet alleen een kwestie van nieuwsgierigheid of verbeeldingskracht; het is ook nauw verbonden met maatschappelijke angsten en onzekerheden. In verschillende periodes en culturen zijn UFO-verschijnselen vaak geïnterpreteerd als tekenen van naderende rampen, invasies of technologische ondergang. Deze angsten worden versterkt door media, popcultuur en overheidsdiscours, en kunnen leiden tot een breed scala aan sociale reacties, waaronder paranoia en complottheorieën.
Een belangrijke factor in de maatschappelijke interpretatie van UFO's is de angst voor het onbekende. In tijden van maatschappelijke onrust, technologische veranderingen of geopolitieke spanningen worden UFO-waarnemingen vaak gekoppeld aan de angst dat de mensheid niet voorbereid is op de komst van buitenaardse wezens, die mogelijk kwaadaardig of destructief zijn. Bijvoorbeeld, tijdens de Koude Oorlog werden UFO-verschijnselen vaak geïnterpreteerd als spionage- of invasieprojecten van vijandige staten of buitenaardse bedreigingen, wat leidde tot een verhoogde angst voor technologische en militaire ondergang.
Daarnaast speelt de angst voor overheidscontrole en geheime operaties een belangrijke rol. Sommige theorieën suggereren dat overheden UFO-waarnemingen en buitenaardse ontmoetingen willen verdoezelen om hun eigen veiligheidsbelangen te beschermen. Dit leidt tot een klimaat van wantrouwen, waarin de bevolking gelooft dat er informatie wordt achtergehouden en dat de waarheid over buitenaards contact wordt verborgen. Het bekende voorbeeld hiervan is de zogenaamde 'Roswell-affaire', waarbij geruchten over een neergestort UFO en geheime overheidsoperaties hebben bijgedragen aan een cultuur van complottheorieën.
De angst voor het verlies van menselijke uniciteit en autonomie is eveneens een centrale motivatie achter de negatieve interpretaties van UFO's. Het idee dat buitenaardse wezens ons zouden kunnen overtreffen in technologie, intelligentie of moraliteit roept existentiële angsten op over de plaats van de mens in het universum en de waarde van menselijke cultuur en identiteit. Sommige wetenschappers en filosofen waarschuwen dat deze angsten kunnen leiden tot een nihilistische houding of tot het afwijzen van wetenschappelijke vooruitgang.
Media en popcultuur spelen een versterkende rol in het vormgeven van deze maatschappelijke angsten. Films en series zoals 'Independence Day', 'War of the Worlds' en 'V' presenteren vaak beelden van invasies en destructie, wat de publieke perceptie van buitenaardse wezens en UFO's beïnvloedt. Tegelijkertijd zorgen dergelijke verhalen voor een gevoel van collectieve angst dat kan leiden tot paniek of defensieve reacties.
De combinatie van media, culturele narratives en maatschappelijke onzekerheden creëert een complex landschap waarin UFO's functioneren als symbolen van angst en onzekerheid. Dit fenomeen kan leiden tot de ontwikkeling van complottheorieën die de officiële verklaringen in twijfel trekken en een alternatieve realiteit scheppen waarin buitenaardse contacten en geheime overheidsprojecten centraal staan. Hoewel deze theorieën vaak niet wetenschappelijk onderbouwd zijn, spelen ze een belangrijke rol in het collectieve bewustzijn en de maatschappelijke dynamiek rondom UFO's.
Kortom, de maatschappelijke angst die met UFO's verbonden is, weerspiegelt de diepe menselijke behoefte aan controle, zekerheid en begrip in een wereld vol onzekerheden. Het fenomeen fungeert als een spiegel voor onze existentiële angsten en biedt tegelijk een kader waarin deze angsten worden geconstrueerd, versterkt en gedeeld. Het begrijpen van deze dynamiek is essentieel om de culturele en maatschappelijke rol
Ufo's bestaan écht en dit is waarom | UITGEZOCHT #14
UFO's en Onze Fascinatie Met Hen: Een Wetenschappelijke Analyse - deel 2
Een illustratie van wat een bolvormige UFO lijkt
UFO's en Onze Fascinatie Met Hen: Een Wetenschappelijke Analyse - deel 2
Inhoudsopgave
Inleiding
Definitie en geschiedenis van UFO's
Psychologische en maatschappelijke factoren in de fascinatie met UFO's
Wetenschappelijke benadering en onderzoek naar UFO's
De culturele impact van UFO's
Moderne ontwikkelingen en de toekomst van UFO-onderzoek
Conclusie
Referenties
1. Inleiding
Het verschijnsel van onidentificeerbare vliegende objecten (UFO's) heeft gedurende eeuwen de menselijke verbeelding gevangen. Van oude legendes en mythes over vreemde verschijnselen in de lucht tot moderne meldingen en officiële overheidsrapporten, de interesse in UFO's weerspiegelt onze voortdurende zoektocht naar het onbekende en onze wens om het onverklaarbare te begrijpen. Deze fascinatie wordt versterkt door verhalen van getuigen, die vaak onduidelijke of spectaculaire waarnemingen doen. In deze analyse wordt niet alleen gekeken naar de geschiedenis en het wetenschappelijke onderzoek naar UFO's, maar ook naar de psychologische en maatschappelijke factoren die onze fascinatie voeden. Hoe beïnvloeden culturele verhalen, media en popcultuur onze perceptie van UFO's? Daarnaast wordt de invloed van recente ontwikkelingen in het onderzoek, zoals nieuwe technologieën en overheidsinitiatieven, besproken. Wat betekenen deze ontdekkingen voor de wetenschap en onze samenleving? De voortdurende belangstelling voor UFO's laat zien hoe wij als mens blijven zoeken naar antwoorden over het universum en onze plaats daarin. Door deze verschillende aspecten te onderzoeken, hopen we een breder begrip te krijgen van waarom UFO's een blijvend en intrigerend fenomeen blijven.
Mysterieuze ufo houdt internet bezig
6. Moderne ontwikkelingen en de toekomst van UFO-onderzoek
De afgelopen jaren hebben we een duidelijke verschuiving gezien in hoe UFO- en UAP-onderzoek wordt benaderd en uitgevoerd. Waar het in het verleden vooral ging om losse waarnemingen, geruchten en een zekere mate van scepsis, is er tegenwoordig een groeiend wetenschappelijk en overheidsbewustzijn dat de fenomenen serieus neemt. Deze ontwikkeling wordt aangedreven door technologische innovaties, nieuwe onderzoeksinitiatieven en een veranderende publieke perceptie. In dit hoofdstuk wordt ingegaan op de belangrijkste trends, technologische doorbraken en de mogelijke toekomst van UFO-onderzoek.
6.1 Technologische innovaties en nieuwe onderzoeksinitiatieven
1. De rol van geavanceerde technologieën in het onderzoeken van UFO's
Een van de belangrijkste factoren die de moderne UFO-onderzoeken aandrijven, is de snelle ontwikkeling van technologie. Van hoogkwalitatieve camera's en sensoren tot kunstmatige intelligentie (AI) en big data-analyse, deze innovaties maken het mogelijk om data te verzamelen, te analyseren en te interpreteren op een schaal en met een precisie die voorheen ondenkbaar was.
2. Overheidsinitiatieven en officiële rapporten
Een opvallende ontwikkeling is de betrokkenheid van overheden bij het systematisch onderzoeken van UAP's. In de Verenigde Staten bijvoorbeeld, heeft het Pentagon meerdere initiatieven gelanceerd, waaronder de oprichting van de 'Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force' (UAPTF). Deze task force is opgericht om objecten te identificeren die niet meteen verklaard kunnen worden en die mogelijk een veiligheidsrisico vormen.
In 2021 publiceerde het Amerikaanse ministerie van defensie een officieel rapport over UAP's, waarin werd bevestigd dat er nog steeds veel waarnemingen zijn die niet meteen verklaard kunnen worden. Dit rapport markeerde een belangrijke verschuiving: voorheen werd het onderwerp vaak afgedaan als onzin of onbelangrijk, maar nu wordt het serieus genomen op hoog niveau.
3. Gebruik van kunstmatige intelligentie en machine learning
Een andere technologische innovatie die het onderzoek sterk beïnvloedt, is het gebruik van AI en machine learning. Door grote hoeveelheden radar- en videodata te analyseren, kunnen algoritmes patronen ontdekken die voor menselijke onderzoekers moeilijk waar te nemen zijn. Zo kunnen bijvoorbeeld anomalieën in luchtverkeersgegevens automatisch worden opgespoord en verder onderzocht.
AI-toepassingen worden ook ingezet bij het classificeren van beeldmateriaal en het uitsluiten van bekende natuurlijke of menselijke bronnen, waardoor het mogelijk wordt om sneller en efficiënter te filteren en te identificeren welke waarnemingen mogelijk interessant zijn.
4. Nieuwe onderzoeksinitiatieven en projecten
Naast overheidsinitiatieven ontstaan er ook private en academische projecten gericht op het bestuderen van UAP's. Bijvoorbeeld, het 'METEOR' project in het Verenigd Koninkrijk gebruikt geavanceerde radar- en videotechnologie om waarnemingen te documenteren en te analyseren. Ook universiteiten zoals Harvard en MIT hebben onderzoeksprogramma's opgezet die gericht zijn op het gebruik van AI en datawetenschap om de aard van UAP's te achterhalen.
Daarnaast zijn er initiatieven om satellietdata, zoals die van commerciële en militaire satellieten, te gebruiken voor het detecteren van objecten in de atmosfeer en in de ruimte. Deze data kunnen helpen om de bewegingen en herkomst van UAP's beter in kaart te brengen.
6.2 Bekende recente voorbeelden en ontdekkingen
1. De 'Tic Tac' waarneming en de Pentagon-rapporten
Een van de meest bekende recente voorbeelden is de waarneming van zogenaamde 'Tic Tac'-objecten door Amerikaanse navy-piloten in 2004 en 2015. Deze objecten vertoonden afwijkingen in snelheid en manoeuvres die onmogelijk leken met de toen bekende technologieën. Deze waarnemingen werden bevestigd door radar, camera's en getuigenverklaringen.
Het Pentagon publiceerde later videomateriaal hiervan, wat leidde tot een hernieuwde interesse in het onderwerp en het ontstaan van het rapport waar eerder over werd gesproken.
2. Andere opmerkelijke waarnemingen
Naast de 'Tic Tac'-incidenten zijn er ook andere opmerkelijke gevallen, zoals de 'Gimbal'-video en de 'Go Fast'-video, die eveneens door militaire bronnen werden vrijgegeven. Deze beelden tonen onverklaarbare objecten die uiterst snelle bewegingen maken zonder zichtbaar bewijs van motorrijtuigen of aerodynamische technologieën die momenteel bekend zijn.
3. Nieuwe ontdekkingen met behulp van moderne technologie
Met behulp van satellietbeelden en radarwaarnemingen worden tegenwoordig ook objecten in de atmosfeer opgespoord die eerder niet konden worden gedetecteerd. Sommige van deze waarnemingen leiden tot nieuwe hypotheses over de aard en oorsprong van UAP's, waaronder de mogelijkheid dat ze afkomstig zijn van niet-aardse bronnen, of dat ze geavanceerde technologische prototypes van aardse landen zijn.
6.3 De toekomst van UFO-onderzoek: kansen en uitdagingen
1. Wetenschappelijke legitimiteit en integratie in mainstream wetenschap
Een belangrijke trend voor de toekomst is het streven naar volledige wetenschappelijke legitimiteit. Het doel is om UFO-onderzoek niet meer te zien als een onderwerp van pseudowetenschap of complottheorieën, maar als een serieus wetenschappelijk vraagstuk. Dit vereist gestructureerde data-verzameling, peer-reviewed publicaties en samenwerking tussen verschillende onderzoeksinstellingen.
2. Interdisciplinaire aanpak
De toekomst van UFO-onderzoek ligt waarschijnlijk in een interdisciplinaire aanpak, waarbij niet alleen natuurwetenschappers en technici betrokken zijn, maar ook experts op het gebied van psychologie, sociologie, en geopolitiek. Deze holistische benadering kan helpen om niet alleen de fysieke eigenschappen van UAP's te begrijpen, maar ook de perceptie, de maatschappelijke impact en de geopolitieke gevolgen.
3. Technologie en data-analyse als kernpijlers
Verder zullen toekomstige onderzoeken sterk afhankelijk zijn van geavanceerde technologieën. Satelliet- en radardata, AI, en zelfs quantum computing kunnen een grote rol gaan spelen bij het detecteren en analyseren van UAP's. Het gebruik van open-data platforms en collaboratieve netwerken tussen overheden, wetenschappelijke instituten en privébedrijven kunnen de schaal en diepgang van het onderzoek vergroten.
4. Uitdagingen en kritische punten
Ondanks de positieve vooruitzichten zijn er ook grote uitdagingen. Een daarvan is het waarborgen van de objectiviteit en het vermijden van bias, vooral gezien de geschiedenis van geheime overheidsprogramma's en de publieke scepsis. Daarnaast is er de vraag naar de veiligheid en privacy van betrokken personen, vooral bij het gebruik van geavanceerde surveillance-technologie.
5. De rol van de publieke perceptie en transparantie
De publieke perceptie speelt een cruciale rol in de toekomst van UFO-onderzoek. Transparantie van overheids- en onderzoeksinstellingen kan het vertrouwen vergroten en leiden tot meer burgerwetenschap en participatie. Open data en publieke rapportages kunnen ook bijdragen aan het voorkomen van conspiracy-theories en het versterken van de geloofwaardigheid.
6. De mogelijke impact op wetenschap en technologie
Tot slot kan verder onderzoek naar UAP's leiden tot onverwachte technologische doorbraken. Het bestuderen van onverklaarbare fenomenen kan nieuwe inzichten bieden in fysica, energiebronnen, en luchtvaarttechnologie, met mogelijk grote implicaties voor de wetenschap en industrie.
Conclusie
De moderne ontwikkelingen in UFO-onderzoek laten zien dat we ons in een cruciale periode bevinden. Technologische innovaties maken het mogelijk om fenomenen die ooit als onverklaarbaar werden beschouwd, nu systematisch te bestuderen en te begrijpen. Overheden, wetenschappelijke instituten en private organisaties werken steeds meer samen, wat de geloofwaardigheid en de diepgang van het onderzoek versterkt.
De toekomst brengt zowel kansen als uitdagingen met zich mee. Het is essentieel dat het onderzoek transparant, objectief en interdisciplinaire blijft, zodat we niet alleen de aard van UAP's kunnen doorgronden, maar ook de maatschappelijke en technologische implicaties ervan kunnen begrijpen en benutten. Door de juiste balans te vinden tussen wetenschap, technologie en publieke betrokkenheid, kunnen we mogelijk een nieuw hoofdstuk openen in de menselijke zoektocht naar de waarheid over buitenaardse verschijnselen.
'Kunnen niet uitsluiten dat we zijn bezocht door buitenaards leven'
Eindconclusie
De toekomst van UFO-onderzoek staat op het punt om een nieuw tijdperk in te gaan, gekenmerkt door technologische innovatie, internationale samenwerking en een meer wetenschappelijke benadering. De oprichting van gespecialiseerde overheidsinstanties zoals de UAPTF en AARO onderstreept het veranderde perspectief, waarbij het onderzoek niet langer wordt afgedaan als pseudowetenschap, maar als een serieuze poging om onverklaarbare verschijnselen te verklaren. De inzet van kunstmatige intelligentie en geavanceerde sensortechnologieën stelt onderzoekers in staat om enorme datasets te analyseren met hogere precisie en snelheid dan ooit tevoren. Hierdoor kunnen patronen worden ontdekt die eerder verborgen bleven, en kunnen waarnemingen worden geverifieerd en gevalideerd met grotere objectiviteit.
Daarnaast speelt de betrokkenheid van burgerwetenschappers een cruciale rol, doordat zij via apps en open databanken bijdragen aan het verzamelen en delen van waarnemingen. Deze collectieve inspanning vergroot de datakwaliteit en de geografische spreiding, wat essentieel is voor het herkennen van patronen op grote schaal. De integratie van multidisciplinaire wetenschappen zorgt voor een meer genuanceerd begrip van de verschijnselen, waarbij atmosferische, psychologische en sociale factoren worden meegewogen.
De komende jaren zullen waarschijnlijk leiden tot een grotere transparantie en meer betrouwbare rapportages, waardoor de mythen en mysteries rond UFO's kunnen worden doorbroken. Het is mogelijk dat we in de toekomst bewijs vinden voor buitenaardse technologie of dat we door technische en wetenschappelijke beperkingen worden geconfronteerd met nieuwe vragen. Wat vaststaat, is dat de technologische vooruitgang en de inzet van diverse belanghebbenden de weg vrijmaken voor een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde en open discussie over de aard en oorsprong van onbegrijpelijke luchtverschijnselen. Dit biedt niet alleen hoop op het oplossen van oude raadsels, maar ook op een dieper inzicht in onze plaats in het universum.
Politici in Amerika vergaderen over ufo's
Referenties
U.S. Government. (2021). "Preliminary Assessment: Unidentified Aerial Phenomena." Office of the Director of National Intelligence.
Maccabee, B. (2012). UFOs and Government: A Historical Inquiry. Anomalist Books.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). (2022). "UFOs and the Future of Space Exploration." NASA Technical Reports.
Clark, J. (2019). The UFO Phenomenon: Fact, Fiction, and the Future. Routledge.
Hynek, J. A. (1972). The UFO Experience: A Scientific Inquiry. Nature.
Frazier, D. (2020). "Artificial Intelligence and UFO Data Analysis." Journal of Aerospace Technology.
European Space Agency (ESA). (2023). "Monitoring Unexplained Phenomena in Earth's Atmosphere." ESA Reports.
Johnson, H. (2018). The International UFO Database: A Collaborative Approach. Journal of Ufology.
Schmidt, K. (2021). "Citizen Science in UFO Research." Science & Society.
Bloecher, T. (2020). "The Future of UAP Investigations: Technologies and Strategies." Defense Science Journal.
The CL1 computer is the first in the world that combines human neurons with a silicon chip. It could be used in disease modeling and drug discovery before it expires after six months.
A new computer based on human neurons could advance treatments for brain-related diseases.
(Image credit: koto_feja/Getty Images)
A new type of computer that combines regular silicon-based hardware with human neurons is now available for purchase.
The CL1, released March 2 by Melbourne-based startup Cortical Labs, is "the world’s first code deployable biological computer," according to thecompany’s website. The shoebox-sized system could find applications in disease modeling and drug discovery, representatives say.
Inside the CL1, a nutrient-rich broth feeds human neurons, which grow across a silicon chip. That chip sends electrical impulses to and from the neurons to train them to exhibit desired behaviors. Using a similar system, Cortical Labs taught DishBrain (a predecessor to the CL1) toplay the video game Pong.
"The perfusion circuit component acts as a life support system for the cells – it has filtration for waste products, temperature control, gas mixing, and pumps to keep everything circulating,” Brett Kagan, chief scientific officer of Cortical Labs, toldNew Atlas.
The system uses just a few watts of power and keeps neurons alive for up to six months, according to the company’s website.
Scientists at Cortical Labs are still working to engineer a system that accurately represents the many types and functions of cells in the human brain with the fewest possible cells. But tools like the CL1 could help researchers develop treatments for brain-related diseases by probing how the system learns and processes information.
"The large majority of drugs for neurological and psychiatric diseases that enter clinical trial testing fail, because there’s so much more nuance when it comes to the brain – but you can actually see that nuance when you test with these tools," Kagan added.
Synthetic biologic intelligence
Because the technology incorporates human neurons, some scientists have raisedethical concerns around the development of "synthetic biological intelligence" like the CL1. Although DishBrain and CL1 are less complex than human brains, the technology has sparked debates around the nature of consciousness and the potential for future synthetic biological intelligence to experience suffering.
"Right now, I think this is an unfounded concern. I think it would be a missed opportunity to not [be] able to use a system that has thepromise to cure devastating brain diseases," Silvia Velasco, a stem cell researcher at the Murdoch Children’s Research Institute in Australia who was not involved in the development of CL1, told the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. "But at the same time, it's important that we evaluate and anticipate potential concerns that the use of these models might raise."
The CL1 units will retail for approximately $35,000 each and will become widely available in late 2025, New Atlas reported. Each unit needs suitable laboratory facilities to run properly, so Cortical Labs will also offer a remote cloud-based computing option for users who don’t have their own device.
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03-05-2025
Depictions of the Milky Way Found in Ancient Images of Egyptian Goddess
Depictions of the Milky Way Found in Ancient Images of Egyptian Goddess
An interest in understanding the role that the Milky Way played in Egyptian culture and religion has led University of Portsmouth Associate Professor of Astrophysics Dr. Or Graur to uncover what he thinks may be the ancient Egyptian visual depiction of our galaxy.
Various Egyptian gods are either associated with, symbolize, or directly embody certain celestial objects. In his study, Dr. Graur reviewed 125 images of the sky-goddess Nut (pronounced "Noot"), found among 555 ancient Egyptian coffins dating back nearly 5,000 years.
Combining astronomy with Egyptology, he analyzed whether she could be linked to the Milky Way and his findings are now published in the Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage.
In scenes reflecting the day and night sky, Nut is shown as a naked, arched woman, sometimes covered with stars or with solar disks. Nut's arched posture is seen as evoking her identification with the sky and its protection of Earth below.
As the goddess of the sky, Nut is often depicted as a star-studded woman arched over her brother, the earth god Geb. She protects the earth from being flooded by the encroaching waters of the void and plays a key role in the solar cycle, swallowing the sun as it sets at dusk and giving birth to it once more as it rises at dawn.
However, on the outer coffin of Nesitaudjatakhet, a chantress of Amun-Re who lived some 3,000 years ago, Nut's appearance deviates from the norm. Here, a distinctive, undulating black curve crosses her body from the soles of her feet to the tips of her fingers, with stars painted in roughly equal numbers above and below the curve.
The Milky Way over the sand dunes of the Egyptian Western Desert near El-Fayoum. Note the similarity between the Great Rift and the undulating black curve that bisects Nut’s body.
Dr. Graur said, "I think that the undulating curve represents the Milky Way and could be a representation of the Great Rift—the dark band of dust that cuts through the Milky Way's bright band of diffused light. Comparing this depiction with a photograph of the Milky Way shows the stark similarity."
He added, "Similar undulating curves appear in four tombs in the Valley of the Kings. In the tomb of Ramesses VI, for example, the ceiling of the burial chamber is split between the Book of the Day and the Book of the Night. Both include arched figures of Nut displayed back-to-back and separated by thick, golden undulating curves that issue from the base of Nut's head and travel above her back all the way to her rear."
"I did not see a similar undulating curve in any of the other cosmological representations of Nut and it is my view that the rarity of this curve reinforces the conclusion I reached in a study of ancient texts last year, which is that although there is a connection between Nut and the Milky Way, the two are not one and the same. Nut is not a representation of the Milky Way. Instead, the Milky Way, along with the sun and the stars, is one more celestial phenomenon that can decorate Nut's body in her role as the sky."
In a study published last year (April 2024), Dr. Graur drew from a rich collection of ancient sources, including the Pyramid Texts, Coffin Texts, and the Book of Nut, to compare them alongside sophisticated simulations of the Egyptian night sky and argue that the Milky Way might have shone a spotlight on Nut's role as the sky in Egyptian mythology.
It proposed that in winter, the Milky Way highlighted Nut's outstretched arms, while in summer, it traced her backbone across the heavens. Dr. Graur's conclusions about Nut and the Milky Way have evolved since that initial paper. He said, "The texts, on their own, suggested one way to think about the link between Nut and the Milky Way. Analyzing her visual depictions on coffins and tomb murals added a new dimension that, quite literally, painted a different picture."
The astronomical ceiling from the tomb of Seti I (KV 17). Note the undulating black curves between rows of yellow half-circles that border the two halves of the ceiling.
Both the current and previous studies are part of a larger project by Dr. Graur to catalog and study the multi-cultural mythology of the Milky Way. He said, "I chanced upon the sky-goddess Nut when I was writing a book on galaxies and looking into the mythology of the Milky Way. My interest was piqued after a visit to a museum with my daughters, where they were enchanted by the image of an arched woman and kept asking to hear stories about her."
There is no doubt that the relationship between ancient Egyptian mythology and the sky is deep and complex. Even now, thousands of years after that civilization was at the peak of its power and influence, there is still more to be discovered about the nature of that relationship, as Dr Graur’s work so clearly demonstrates.
Top image: Nut’s cosmological vignette on the outer coffin of Nesitaudjatakhet. Nut’s body is covered in stars as well as a thick, undulating black curve that runs from the soles of her feet to the tips of her fingers. This curve, surrounded by stars on both sides, is reminiscent of the Milky Way’s Great Rift.
Population Crash Coming? Birth Rates Too Low to Prevent Extinction, Scientists Say
Population Crash Coming? Birth Rates Too Low to Prevent Extinction, Scientists Say
A new study of ancient and modern societies shows that human populations need at least 2.7 children per woman – a much higher fertility rate than previously believed – to reliably avoid long-term extinction. While a fertility rate of 2.1 children per woman is often considered the replacement level needed to sustain a population, this figure doesn’t account for random differences in how many children people have – as well as mortality rates, sex ratios, and the probability that some adults never have children. In small populations, these chance variations can wipe out entire family lineages.
Why Declining Fertility Rates are a Ticking Time Bomb
In the new study, published April 30, 2025 in the open-access journal PLOS One, Takuya Okabe of Shizuoka University, Japan, and his colleagues introduce the mathematical models they used to examine how demographic variability affects the survival of populations over many generations. Their study found that, due to random fluctuations in birth numbers, a fertility rate of at least 2.7 children per woman is needed to reliably avoid eventual extinction – especially in small populations.
However, a female-biased birth ratio, with more females than males being born, can reduce the extinction risk, helping more lineages survive over time. This insight may help explain a long-observed evolutionary phenomenon: under severe conditions – such as war, famine, or environmental disruption – more females tend to be born than males. It also suggests that, while extinction isn’t imminent in large developed populations, most family lineages will eventually fade out, replaced by those that produce more females.
Chart showing how many generations can be expected to survive with fertility rates of 2.1 and 1.5 children per woman. (PLOS One).
The authors conclude that true population sustainability – as well as the sustainability of languages, cultural traditions, and diverse family lineages – requires rethinking conventional fertility targets. The findings also have implications for conservation efforts of endangered species in which target fertility rates are set, they point out.
"Considering stochasticity in fertility and mortality rates, and sex ratios, a fertility rate higher than the standard replacement level is necessary to ensure sustainability of our population," stated researcher Diane Carmeliza N. Cuaresma in a Public Library of Science (PLOS) press release.
Has the Population Crash Already Begun? The Numbers Suggest It Has
In recent years much alarm has been raised about crashing birth rates in developed countries, which can lead to significant long-term population decline and possibly the complete depopulation of certain nations at some point in the future. Even in the short-term this development is problematic, as it causes an aging of the population that makes it more and more difficult for younger generations to provide the resources necessary to take proper care of the elderly.
While immigration is a controversial subject in the modern age, there is little doubt that developed nations will have to be more welcoming to immigrants in the coming decades, if they want to prevent their population numbers from collapsing. But if the researchers responsible for this new study are correct, embracing immigration won’t solve the problem in the long run. The current fertility rate for the world as a whole is 2.3 children per woman, which is above the old 2.1 extinction level estimate but significantly below the new estimate. This implies a global population crash at some point, one that won’t be limited to developing countries alone (assuming the 2.7 estimate is correct).
One of China's deserted ghost cities, the Dayawan complex in Huizhou, Guangdong province.(Pekingi Kacsa).
Social, cultural and economic changes are all implicated in the drop in birth rates, and those factors can’t just be wished away. People’s needs, preferences, and expectations with respect to having children may change again, of course, and this combined with decisions by policymakers that might encourage higher birth rates could reverse the current trend. But this is far from guaranteed.
In the last 50 years the world’s population has doubled, rising from four billion to more than eight billion. Up to now, dealing with the consequences of this population explosion has been more urgent that worrying about future depopulation trends. But with fertility rates having now dropped below the 2.0 mark in 125 out of the 237 officially recognized nations, what was once a concern for the future may transform into a crisis in the present more swiftly than anyone could have imagined.
If the seriousness of the problem has actually been underestimated, as the new study published in PLOS One suggets, underpopulation may be shockingly close to replacing overpopulation as the world’s scariest demographic monster—in places like China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, western Europe and North America first, and almost everywhere else later on.
Top image: AI image of a future world city, abandoned and destitute and empty of people.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
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Their researchers used satellite images from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) aboard NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO). Using this data, they analyzed nine craters on Mars and compared them to sites on Earth. This revealed that the wave-like landforms on Mars were similar in shape and geometry to solifluction lobes found on Earth. As Glade explained in a University of Rochester press release, these patterns "are large, slow-moving, granular examples of common patterns found in everyday fluids, like paint dripping down a wall."
