The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld Ontdek de Fascinerende Wereld van UFO's en UAP's: Jouw Bron voor Onthullende Informatie!
Ben jij ook gefascineerd door het onbekende? Wil je meer weten over UFO's en UAP's, niet alleen in België, maar over de hele wereld? Dan ben je op de juiste plek!
België: Het Kloppend Hart van UFO-onderzoek
In België is BUFON (Belgisch UFO-Netwerk) dé autoriteit op het gebied van UFO-onderzoek. Voor betrouwbare en objectieve informatie over deze intrigerende fenomenen, bezoek je zeker onze Facebook-pagina en deze blog. Maar dat is nog niet alles! Ontdek ook het Belgisch UFO-meldpunt en Caelestia, twee organisaties die diepgaand onderzoek verrichten, al zijn ze soms kritisch of sceptisch.
Nederland: Een Schat aan Informatie
Voor onze Nederlandse buren is er de schitterende website www.ufowijzer.nl, beheerd door Paul Harmans. Deze site biedt een schat aan informatie en artikelen die je niet wilt missen!
Internationaal: MUFON - De Wereldwijde Autoriteit
Neem ook een kijkje bij MUFON (Mutual UFO Network Inc.), een gerenommeerde Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in de VS en wereldwijd. MUFON is toegewijd aan de wetenschappelijke en analytische studie van het UFO-fenomeen, en hun maandelijkse tijdschrift, The MUFON UFO-Journal, is een must-read voor elke UFO-enthousiasteling. Bezoek hun website op www.mufon.com voor meer informatie.
Samenwerking en Toekomstvisie
Sinds 1 februari 2020 is Pieter niet alleen ex-president van BUFON, maar ook de voormalige nationale directeur van MUFON in Vlaanderen en Nederland. Dit creëert een sterke samenwerking met de Franse MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP, wat ons in staat stelt om nog meer waardevolle inzichten te delen.
Let op: Nepprofielen en Nieuwe Groeperingen
Pas op voor een nieuwe groepering die zich ook BUFON noemt, maar geen enkele connectie heeft met onze gevestigde organisatie. Hoewel zij de naam geregistreerd hebben, kunnen ze het rijke verleden en de expertise van onze groep niet evenaren. We wensen hen veel succes, maar we blijven de autoriteit in UFO-onderzoek!
Blijf Op De Hoogte!
Wil jij de laatste nieuwtjes over UFO's, ruimtevaart, archeologie, en meer? Volg ons dan en duik samen met ons in de fascinerende wereld van het onbekende! Sluit je aan bij de gemeenschap van nieuwsgierige geesten die net als jij verlangen naar antwoorden en avonturen in de sterren!
Heb je vragen of wil je meer weten? Aarzel dan niet om contact met ons op te nemen! Samen ontrafelen we het mysterie van de lucht en daarbuiten.
26-08-2016
Filer’s Files #35 – 2016 Astronauts Saw UFOs - PART II
Filer’s Files #35 – 2016 Astronauts Saw UFOs - PART II
UFO Sightings in the United States
California Disc
Los Angeles — I was taking pictures of the LAX airport from the El Segundo Dog Park on August 20, 2016, and didn’t realize at the time that I took a picture of this object until I uploaded all the pictures on my laptop.
I took 160 frames from that spot, and the object showed up in only one of the frames. I sent it to my family, and they all agreed they’ve never seen anything like this, including one family member who is a former FAA employee with flight experience. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Wrightwood — We were up on Table Mountain to observe the Perseids Meteor Shower on August 12, 2016, and noticed a bright light. I had my camera on a tripod and was taking 30 second exposures of the sky to try and get photos of the meteors. My partner was sitting in the convertible while I was adjusting the camera settings. I noticed a bright light over the trees and a black triangular shaped craft hovering. I yelled at my partner to have a look and he spotted it too. It then took off in a northwest direction and flew thru my camera’s view and I captured the light trail which was huge. We were both excited to see the craft, especially the fact that it was hovering and then took off rapidly. It flew past the tree line and headed towards Palmdale. I’ve attached a photo of the triangular craft’s huge and super bright light trail and the jet following it. Worldwide UFO Reports
Florida Light
Citrus Springs– A bright light in the sky just chilling there and then it started to move up and stopped again and started getting brighter until it stopped and zoom out sight on August 18, 2015.
Thanks to MUFON CMS
Indiana Light
Indianapolis — At 11:34 PM on August 17th, 2016. I spotted on entering my subdivision three hovering lights in a triangle formation with weird planes flying by. The sighting lasted over an hour and is still going on. The objects appear far away, but look huge. The photo and video attached of both sightings happening at the same time. I have more and I am sorry for the bad quality. I also saw a Blackhawk helicopter fly by.
Note: The video appears similar to a regular aircraft. However, the witness said that the lights were hovering in two areas for over an hour. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Louisiana Lights
Evergreen— I was on my way to work the grave shift and noticed lights that were never there for the five years I’ve taken the road to work. I freaked out and when I pulled out my phone to record on August 18, 2016. When I saw it again I began to record. When I got to the next town, I called the police station and asked if there were any reports on lights in the sky and he informed me that I wasn’t the first one to call. I’m still lost for words. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Maryland Triangle
Frederick – I came out of movies around 8:45 pm on August 13, 2016, and noticed a very large dark cloud and what seemed like heat lightning as there wasn’t any rain. I pulled out my cell phone and snapped a picture and immediately noticed three blue lights in a cloud that appeared triangle shaped that I immediately believed to be a UFO. I noticed a plane to the right of the cloud which was significantly smaller. I lost sighting by leaving area. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Mississippi Light
Pelahatchie — I was trying to capture lighting strikes with my iPhone 5s using burst mode on August 18, 2016. It was only moments later that I noticed the object in the photos. At first I thought it was the beginning of a lightning strike until I noticed the object moving as I scrolled through the photos. The object moved from left to right at a high rate of speed. There were big cumulus clouds and a lighting storm going on at the time. I estimate the object to be 1 to 3 miles away. As you can see in the photos there are stationary objects in the back ground to compare the movement to, I was about 40 feet away from the street lights in the back ground and the lights are about 50 feet apart. As the object abruptly stops and changes direction it appears get taller. When moving it appears to get flatter as the protruding top seems to go back down. I would say it is probably dome or saucer shaped with lights. The UFO exceeded the technology that we currently have and was happy to have captured it on photo. The photos are from the burst on my iPhone camera. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Missouri Light
St . LOUIS– A light that appeared high over St. Louis’ Gateway Arch on August 2, 2016, early morning is perplexing officials. The mystery started when an Illinois man shot video of the light early Tuesday morning and shared it with KTVI-TV. After seeing the report, an employee at an Illinois park across the river from the arch took a look at footage from a security camera and also saw the same light. The video has been posted on the park’s Face book page.
Mike Buehlhorn, director of the Metro East Parks said, “I don’t know if he believes in UFOs, but there’s something weird with that one.” Spokesmen for the nearby Scott Air Force Base and the Federal Aviation Administration said they know nothing about the source of the light. Thanks to Appleton (Wis.) Post-Crescent, “Mysterious light flashing above Gateway Arch stumps St. Louis,” AP from St. Louis
New Jersey Triangles
Edison— Three lighted triangular crafts were sighted within minutes of each other on August 17, 2016. Multiple triangular objects were observed within 17 minutes of each other near Oak Tree Road, Edison, NJ ….. Here’s the story. We were watching the Perseid meteor shower so we set up lawn chairs and waited, we saw a few steaks but nothing spectacular.
About 4:10 am, I observed a craft that was directly overhead traveling north shaped like an acute triangle with long sides and had a blue white light on front of it with two rectangular lights on each side. The lights were a different color than the stars and when the craft would go in front of star it would blot it out. I would say this craft was orbital, for it traveled my field of view in 15-20 seconds and was very high in the sky
Then to my surprise I spotted another craft of this type a few minutes later heading northwest moving at the same speed as the prior one. And then another lighted triangle appeared but it was about 6 seconds behind this one, having follow same track but as it drew near it acted in a Herky Jerky Manner, slowing down and speeding up at times….lost sight of these objects as they left my field of view to the left (NW).
Objects observed were about size of three pencil erasers held at arm’s length, and high up in the sky. I feel they are of foreign origin. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Close Encounter of the Third Kind in New Jersey
Long Beach Township — A paranormal group visited me on the first week of August 4, 2016, because I did not know where to turn. I explained to them I was experiencing occult influences in the form of entities that were able to control my thoughts and talk to me with my own voice. It has been going on for seven years. I thought it was a mixture of alien and supernatural but was not sure and needed help. I told them I did experience seeing a UFO at least twice. I saw one fly over my home around seven years ago when this all began, it was very large, about the size of my house, and flew off extremely fast when I saw it for about a second. The second event was around five months ago and it flew left, and then flew right, and stayed there for a short while. I showed no interest because of my symptoms and it disappeared. I have been guided into believing the control over my mind is robotic and from implants. They have mentioned Reptilian to me. I saw a Grey once in my room, but am not sure what to consider actual because I know they like to trick and manipulate.
The word Illuminati comes up a lot. I have been getting attacked both mentally and physically. When the paranormal group came they tested me for EMF signals, and I was emitting them from the left side of my ear and my arm. The group has it recorded on a camera video phone. They tried reaching out to you and I was told to personally submit a report. I can ask for the video of the EMF when you reply to this if you need it, I am unsure as to the procedure you take. I have been struggling and life has been very hard for me with all of these attacks. The attacks include pains in the head, chest pains, unwanted sexual feelings, heating of the body, loss of memory, feeling tired, being kept awake at night, altering electronics such as music I’m listening to, and nausea. I need help. And I have a dermatologist scheduled for this bump in my arm but I am afraid of ethereal implants which they have mentioned and other types of influence. Evidence such as video of emf signatures can be provided.
NOTE: The above image is CGI.
NOTE: This case is under investigation by State Section Director Bob Spearing of MUFON New Jersey.
Lyndhurst— My window has a view to the air space of Newark airport. I always hear the airplanes landing and taking off when I’m in my living room. On August 17th at 7:20 pm, I was surprised when I saw two objects flying close to each other. They were high enough in the sky not to affect the airport traffic, but I could see they were flying relatively close to each other, so I wonder what they were. I know airplanes don’t fly together like that. I took my phone and zoomed to take a picture and what a surprise when I noticed the third object on my picture. They were in the triangle formation, but the third one was kind of far away. I watch them crossing the sky for five minutes shining like a star. I didn’t see any wings. Thanks to MUFON CMS
New York Disc
North Tonawanda — I was walking my dog at Gatwick Park in and was admiring the sunset. I decided to take a picture on my Samsung 6 phone. I looked at the picture a few days later and I noticed an object. It’s lower and to the right of the sun.
This was over the Niagara River towards Grand Island, NY. It appears to be reflecting light from the sun and it gives off a haze through the clouds. There seems to be a pattern on it too. I can’t figure it out. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Oregon Lights
Springfield — I was driving when I saw the ufos over Home Depot.
I started to take pictures but then they disappeared. I only managed to take a photo of about four of them on August 19, 2016. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Vermont Lights
West Pawlet – First, I saw a white cylinder with four legs each with a sphere on August 20, 2016.
One light was red, like a kids jack o lantern with only four legs.
It was flying low and went behind the trees. Then a few minutes later a red orb with white lights did the same and disappeared. Thanks to MUFON CMS
World Wide Sightings
Australia Objects
Melbourne — I was in my backyard filming the sky at about 5:30 pm, just before the sunset with my Smartphone for about two minutes on August 16, 2016. I then decided to upload the film to my computer and on going through the footage I noticed a fast moving object in the sky on film. My first thought was a bird, but on going through the footage frame by frame I soon saw that it was not a bird.
I decided to take a closer look at the frames by saving them as still shots.
What I found was a black object that moved extremely fast in the sky changing direction as it went. I also found that as it moved, it split into two objects and then three objects that kept moving apart from each other. I also noticed that the main object changed shape, from a sphere to a cube and a square with a dome shaped top. As it was travelling extremely fast it looks blurred at times and even see through. A common thing with fast moving objects and as I was using my Smartphone, this was the best I could do in regards to the photo`s. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Brazil Light
Mogi das Cruzes — I was taking some pictures from my backyard, with my Nikon DX40 camera on a tripod on June 15, 2015. My intention was to capture a day-by-day sequence of the conjunction of Jupiter and Mercury. I was surprised when I downloaded the photos and spotted a green glowing object on four pictures. I stacked the pictures and noted it in four different positions; I looked it up on Stelarium software and could not identify any celestial objects at that position. So, what could it be? Thanks to MUFON!
Canada Orb
Scarborough, Ontario — On July 19, 2016, while on work break I was carefully looking up for anything unusual and after ten minutes I had a sighting of something very high. The sky was quite clear for a perfect opportunity to view high elevation objects crossing north to south less than hundred yards from my position.
It appeared to moving about one hundred miles per hour towards Lake Ontario. It looked brilliant white and I watched for about a minute. After taking five pictures 30 x high zoom I was successful in capturing this unknown anomaly at 10:17 am,
You have to wonder what kind of unknowns cross our skies today.
I also heard the sad news of the passing of Errol Bruce Knapp here in Toronto who was the second person I approached in Ufology back August 2003. I had enjoyed his Radio Shows “Strange Days Indeed”. His interest and time he spent with me was so understanding of my position; I will miss him dearly. Thanks to Paul Shishis
Denmark Lights
Strange dancing lights were over a busy west Europe resort town in the early hours by the seaside on July 7, 2016. My video was recorded with a SONY Xperia Z5P phone’s camera and has an impressive soundtrack as well. Nearby moving and stationary light sources are to blame for the annoying light flares serve as landmarks for estimation of spatial geometry. The camera zoom is used to observe the object’s unbelievable form from a closer distance and follow its course for several minutes. The incident was observed from hotel room overlooking the sea and a distant lighthouse and sea-town. It coincided with the start of the Pokémon go madness during summer 2016 in Europe where people were actually searching everywhere with torches even at 2:00 AM. The video represents the first three minutes of a 15 minute recording that has not been altered. Thanks to MUFON CMS
France Disc
Paris –While taking a picture of the Eifel Tower an object with a strange shape that was not a bird or a plane on July 24, 2016. My girlfriend and I were visiting Paris for holidays. When we got back in our hotel we took a look at the photos we’ve had taken and I noticed a strange object that I thought of an UFO right away because of the odd shape. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Germany Disc
Oberhof– My girlfriend was driving the car and I was taking random pictures on our vacation trip on August 18, 2016. When I got home and looked at the pictures I noticed the dark objects. I was amazed that I captured those things, and I can’t say for sure what they are. I hope you guys can analyze them. I took the pictures with my Galaxy Note 4. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Portugal Orbs
Charneca de Caparica — In my second year observing the skies a red glowing ufo came from the north very slowly on August13, 2016. It maneuvered in various directions, sometimes hovering, sometimes flying in a very curious way. I start to make flashing light signals and I believe he sees me and flies towards me, approaching, and then flashes green. Because I am used to seeing them every night I check everything through binoculars. It doesn’t mean they’re extra-terrestrial machines. This object was flying very slowly with repeating accelerations from one direction to the other, after a plane goes by, and after 9 minutes this Ufo flees northwest. An image speaks for a thousand words. My aim is to help in a scientific way to clarify the intentions of our friends. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Puerto Rico Sightings
I recently returned from Aguadilla and San Sebastian, Puerto Rico. I took some photos that I will send to you for greater clarification. I’ve been asking for a clear demonstration of ET activity and contact. I can feel their presence and am getting more downloads. This is so exciting! Do you know anything about the crystalline bed under parts of Puerto Rico? I got clear indications of a crystalline base. I also feel there is a strong connection to Atlantis and that island/area. Do you have any information regarding that possible connection? Thanks to Linley
Note: There is a crystalline base in many parts of Puerto Rico with a high number of UFO sightings.
UK/England Objects
Leeds— Whilst watching a TV documentary on Sean Beans Waterloo Episode 2, just after a cavalry man cuts a pig carcass with a sword, the camera was panned out and I noticed an object flash through the shot. I was able to take back the film to when the object came from behind a large building and flew overhead. It was square or a rectangular UFO. It’s not a drone and it was travelling too fast. A second black object can also be seen at a further distance away. With technology available if you see the shot and edit it you may get some great detail. If you check out the footage filmed on the documentary.
Peterborough – A bright saucer shaped object was photographed on August 24, 2016, I was travelling home from work from Market Deeping towards Thurlby. It made no noise and was stationary. Then the object made rapid movement and disappeared.
I saw a very bright object still in the sky. I stopped at a roundabout and opened the window heard no sound. It seemed to get closer so I started to video it. This lasted a few minutes then it moved rapidly and left a trail. It was extremely bright and looked like a saucer. I am an intelligent woman and have always explained things away. This is not like any aircraft. Thanks to MUFON CMS
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NASA is planning the most powerful rocket engine ever called the Space Launch System (SLS). It will be the largest and most powerful engine ever built and is targeted for testing in 2017. At a cost of over $18 billion this new system sounds expensive but includes the cost the first three flights. SLS will use technology from the Space Shuttle program including the main engines and the solid rocket motors.
SLS Innovative Design & Comparison to Saturn 5
One of the critical innovations of the new SLS design is to go back to a vertical design where components of the rocket are vertically integrated, making it simpler than the Space Shuttle which carried the shuttle “piggyback”.
The SLS is currently designed to have three engines but this number could grow to five according to NASA. The SLS will be capable of lifting 70 metric tons or 10% more thrust than Saturn V. Expansion of the advanced boosters will provide lifting capacity up to 130 metric tons or 20% more thrust than Saturn V.
Click image to see larger version:
The Saturn V was 363 feet tall and the SLS will be about 40 feet taller. The Saturn V was used by NASA’s Apollo and Skylab programs from 1967 to 1973 and was the only rocket that has taken humans out of low Earth orbit and to the moon. Following is a take-off animation of the SLS!
SLS will look a bit like Saturn V and the Space Shuttle but advancements in manufacturing will make SLS a much more efficient system with advanced nozzle materials and newer and greener technologies. NASA expects the system to be more reliable and easier to operate than the Space Shuttle.
SLS Comparison with SpaceX Falcon System
SLS appears to be a superior vehicle in terms of maximum capacity but the SLS price tag is very high. Some engineers have estimated that the SpaceX Falcon may be able to have 10+ flights for the cost of a single SLS launch. Additionally the SLS’s more advanced performance capabilities may not be needed; it may be cheaper to use a smaller lift vehicles.
In a recent in-depth article on IndustryTap we looked at the life and career of SpaceX founder Elon Muskwhose goal is to go to Mars.
David Russell Schilling
David enjoys research and writing about cutting edge technologies that hold the promise of improving conditions for all life on planet earth.
So far, a moon landing has been accomplished only by three nations. The United States’ Apollo 11 was the first manned mission to land on the Moon, on July 20, 1969.
Subsequently, only two counties successfully landed spacecraft on the moon: Russia and China. But no private company has ever been given permission for a moon landing.
But now, a US company has been given government permission by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to land on the moon.
The Florida-based company, “Moon Express,” plans to send a small unmanned lander called MX-1. The company hopes to send the robotic spacecraft to the moon next year. The robotic lander will be sent to the moon on the top of a rocket that they are purchasing from space startup Rocketlab.
Naveen Jain, Co-founder and Chairman of the Moon Express, says, “Only three super powers have ever landed on any planet—we will become the fourth superpower.”
Water is the oil of the solar system, and the moon has become a gas station in the sky
Moon Express CEO Bob Richards referred to the recent discovery of water on the moon by the Indian Space Research Organization’s (ISRO) Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft with ISRO’s Moon Impact Probe (MIP) and NASA’s Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) as being highly important.
Mission can win Google Lunar X-Prize of $20 million
Moon Express can win the prize if MX-1 successfully lands on the moon, takes off again, lands more than 1,500 feet away from its earlier position and sends high-definition video and images back to Earth.
But winning the prize is not the only point; the bigger plan is to discover valuable natural materials that can be used on Earth.
The total estimated cost of the mission is about $55 million. Moon Express has already raised $30 million.
Nidhi Goyal
Nidhi is a gold medalist Post Graduate in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences. You can also find Nidhi on Google+.
Deze reusachtige piramide zit verborgen in een berg
Deze reusachtige piramide zit verborgen in een berg
De Grote Piramide van Gizeh valt in het niet bij de piramide van Cholula in Mexico. Toch zagen de Spaanse indringers hem over het hoofd.
Toen Hernan Cortes en zijn Spaanse leger bijna 500 jaar geleden Cholula binnenmarcheerden, werden ze begroet door een vreedzaam volk dat piramides bouwde in plaats van grote opslagplaatsen vol wapens. Binnen een dag werd 10 procent van de lokale bevolking uitgemoord en de piramides werden in brand gestoken.
De kerk bovenop de piramide (Wikicommons)
Volgens een legende werd één piramide verborgen. Het bouwwerk werd honderden jaren aangezien voor een berg, tot de lokale bevolking in 1910 begon met de bouw van een psychiatrisch ziekenhuis. Toen stuitte men op het grootste bouwwerk ooit gemaakt.
Matroesjka’s
Tlachihualtepetl, oftewel de Grote Piramide van Cholula, is 66 meter hoog en 450 meter breed. De Grote Piramide van Gizeh valt bij dit kolossale bouwwerk in het niet, zo bericht de BBC.
De Spanjaarden bleven in Cholula en stampten overal kerken uit de grond. Toen ze de Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de los Remediosa wilden bouwen op wat zij zagen als een grote heuvel, plaatsten ze in werkelijkheid een religieus monument bovenop een piramide.
Een uitgegraven deel van de piramide
De Grote Piramide van Cholula is niet zomaar een piramide. Het zijn in totaal zes piramides die als een soort matroesjka’s in elkaar passen. Gedacht wordt dat de oorspronkelijke piramide rond 300 voor Christus werd gebouwd en dat latere beschavingen de overige vijf piramides hebben gebouwd.
Reus
Vanwege de kerk, die aangeduid is als koloniaal monument, is het niet mogelijk om de piramide in zijn geheel te onderzoeken en te herstellen. In de piramide hebben archeologen inmiddels zo’n acht kilometer aan tunnels uitgegraven.
Ondanks de enorme omvang van de piramide is er maar heel weinig over bekend. Volgens een mythe is de piramide gebouwd door een reus. De Azteken stelden dat de bouw te danken was aan Xelhua, één van de zeven reuzen in de Azteekse mythologie.
Bijna 500 jaar na de koloniale overheersing heeft Cholula te maken met een nieuwe invasie: toeristen.
UFO Sighting Over Small Arizona City On Aug 20, 2016, Video, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Sighting Over Small Arizona City On Aug 20, 2016, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: August 20, 2016
Location of sighting: Buckeye, Arizona, USA
This is awesome...why? Because its an overcast day with massively thick and dark clouds in the sky. What that means is that nothing could shine bright enough to break through those clouds...no stars, no night sky, no moon. So any argument that this is a star is a waste of breath. This glowing object is checking out the neighborhood and could be interested in the lighting that comes from such clouds. These clouds build up a special kind of lighting rare around the world...called colored lighting. It could contain energy that the UFO or alien drone needs to continue its research mission. You often see lighting in these clouds in Arizona...without even a drop of rain to be had...I use to live in Bullhead city, Arizona and Needles, California for a few years, where I often saw the rainbow color lighting...loved it.
Just had a UFO sighting in Buckeye, Arizona August 20th, 2014 at 7:25 pm. Have no idea what I just witnessed. Maybe it's a UFO or maybe just a drone, nevertheless it was kinda strange to see this hovering over our neighborhood in the middle of a thunderstorm. The sound of my AC unit in the background possibly drowned out any sound the object was making. Please understand, I'm not saying this is an alien spacecraft, I'm just saying that I have no idea what this object is and the fact that it was flying makes this an "Unidentified Flying Object"
Hollywood Rowan Blanchard Catches UFO Over New York City, Aug 23, 2016, UFO Sighting News.
Hollywood Rowan Blanchard Catches UFO Over New York City, Aug 23, 2016, UFO Sighting New
Date of sighting: August 23, 2016
Location of sighing: New York City, New York, USA
Today own Instagram Hollywood star Rowan Blanchard posted a photo of a UFO that has he fans a buzz. While visiting in New York City, she chanced to take a photo during a beautiful sunset, and accidnetly captured a UFO disk that is 90% cloaked. Remember what I said about sunset being the most common time for UFOs to be seen? Its due to the bending of the light, the observer (us) and the angle of the sun.
She stated, "Say what u will but that thing was just appearing in the photo and wasn't physically there ..... 👽." This is a fantastic catch and I am so glad she shared it with us all. This is 100% evidence that aliens do watch over New York City with enthusiasm.
Vlakbij de meest nabije ster is een levensvatbare aarde-achtige planeet ontdekt. Dat meldt het ESO, de Europese Zuidelijke Sterrenwacht. Die planeet kan de dichtste woonplaats van leven buiten ons zonnestelsel zijn.
De planeet draait in een baan om Proxima Centauri, de dichtste ster buiten ons zonnestelsel. Die bevindt zich zo’n vier lichtjaar van de aarde, omgerekend een goeie veertig biljoen kilometer. De planeet, die de naam Proxima b kreeg, is ongeveer 1.3 keer zo groot als onze aarde. Ze draait op een afstand van ongeveer zeven miljoen kilometer rond de koele moederster, amper vijf procent van de afstand tussen de aarde en de zon. Maar Proxima Centauri is een rode dwergster en een stuk zwakker dan onze ster, waardoor de planeet zich toch in een levensvatbare zone bevindt.
Het lijkt erop dat vloeibaar water alleen op het oppervlak aanwezig kan zijn in de zonnigste gebieden. De draaiing van planeet Proxima b, de sterke straling van de ster en de vormingsgeschiedenis van de planeet zorgen ervoor dat het klimaat nogal verschilt van dat op aarde en dat het onwaarschijnlijk is dat er op Proxima b seizoenen voorkomen. Volgens de ESO zal Proxima b "een belangrijk doelwit zijn in de jacht naar het bewijs van leven elders in het heelal.”
Planet Found in Habitable Zone Around Nearest Star - Pale Red Dot campaign reveals Earth-mass world...
Astronomers using ESO telescopes and other facilities have found clear evidence of a planet orbiting the closest star to Earth, Proxima Centauri. The long-sought world, designated Proxima b, orbits...
Nearly 8000 Strange Blue Lakes Have Appeared in Antarctica
Nearly 8000 Strange Blue Lakes Have Appeared in Antarctica
Satellite Image by Digital Globe Inc
IN BRIEF
Researchers studying East Antarctica have observed nearly 8,000 dazzling, blue lakes appeared on the Langhovde Glacier between 2000 and 2013. Not just a sign of global warming, these so-called supraglacial lakes can cause an ice sheet to collapse.
SUPRAGLACIAL LAKES
Oftentimes, the sight of spectacularly blue water is enough to make anyone happy. Unfortunately, not in this case.
Scientists studying East Antarctica, the largest ice mass on Earth, have discovered blue lakes sprouting like summer blooms on the Langhovde Glacier, an outlet glacier located at the Soya Coast.
From 2000 through 2013, scientists have been using satellite imagery to study East Antarctica’s Dronning Maud Land. And in a new study published in the Geophysical Research Letters, researchers state they’ve observed close to 8,000 lakes appearing on the surface of glaciers across the region.
Since the water is found on top of the glaciers, they are distinguished as “supraglacial.” Essentially, they are formed when the increasingly warm summer air heats the surface of an ice sheet.
These lakes were first seen spreading across Greenland and serve as beautiful, yet ominous, evidence of global climate change.
Langhovde Glacier. Source: Hokkaido University
COLLAPSING ICE SHELVES
One of the results of the lakes’ formation is the drainage from the lake traveling and weakening the more vulnerable parts of the glacier. Researchers believe this drainage caused the shattering of the Larsen B ice shelf on the warmer Antarctic Peninsula in 2002, among possible other events.
This occurring now in East Antarctica is a signal of the further consequences of rising temperatures. “That’s the part of the continent where people have for quite a long time assumed that it’s relatively stable, there’s not a huge amount of change, it’s very, very cold, and so it’s only very recently that the first supraglacial lakes, on top of the ice, were identified,”Stewart Jamieson, one of the study authors and a glaciologist at UK’s Durham University, toldThe Washington Post.
Scientists are quite concerned about the long term consequences of increased melting. In an email to Gizmodo, lead study author Emily Langley stressed the importance of monitoring “these in the future to see how they evolve with surface air temperature changes.”
NASA Just Made Contact With a Lost Spacecraft After Two Years of Silence
NASA Just Made Contact With a Lost Spacecraft After Two Years of Silence
NASA
IN BRIEF
After almost two years of losing contact with one of its spacecrafts, NASA finally reestablishes communications with the STEREO-B as it starts to move out of the Sun's interference zone.
MISSED CONNECTIONS
In October of 2006, NASA launched the third mission of its Solar Terrestrial Probes program: the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory, also known as STEREO.
Two spacecrafts, STEREO-A and STEREO-B, were sent off on a mission to further understand the Sun-Earth system, particularly how violent eruptions on the Sun disrupt satellites and power grids on Earth, and when they might happen. This is also very critical for astronauts on errands outside the International Space Station, and could create potentially devastatingeffects to life on Earth.
STEREO-A and STEREO-B. NASA.
However, on October 1, 2014, STEREO-B lost its connection to Earth as it moved to the far side of the Sun. Meanwhile, STEREO-A maintained contact but had a weakened signal for about a year before returning to its normal performance.
Deep Space Network: Goldstone, California antenna. NASA.
NASA explains that the spacecrafts’ slow drift and orbit eventually leads to a disadvantageous alignment to the Sun and Earth: “Since August 2014, our line of communication to the spacecraft (STEREO-A) was so close to the sun that pointing the antenna straight at Earth also meant pointing it nearly directly at the sun, which would cause the spacecraft’s antenna to dangerously overheat.”
LOST AND FOUND
Finally, after almost two years of failed recovery attempts, NASA finally reestablished contact with STEREO-B using NASA’s Deep Space Network (DSN) on August 21. They will be checking if the spacecraft’s systems are all in place despite the hard reset they executed as a test before losing the STEREO-B, which should get easier as the spacecraft moves closer, and outside the Sun’s interference zone.
With DSN on the job, consistent communications with STEREO-B will hopefully be restored. After all: “When it comes to making a long-distance call, it’s hard to top NASA’s Deep Space Network,” NASA says.
Aiming to become a global space giant, China unveils some information on its first mission to Mars in 2020—with the goal of finding ice and water on the Red Planet.
Mankind’s insatiable hunger for knowledge has sparked another mission to find out whether Mars was ever occupied by living organisms.
Concept portrayal of China’s Mars probe. China Daily.
Stepping back onto the space exploration scene, China is giving us a computer-generated glimpse of the design for its space probe and rover, which will be used in its first ever Mars mission in 2020. The goal: find ice and water on the Red Planet.
According to Reuters, the mission will initially go into orbit around Mars before deploying a lander that will touch down in the low latitudes of Mars’ northern hemisphere, where the rover will explore the surface.
Concept portrayal of China’s Mars rover and lander. China Daily.
Carrying a number of instruments ranging from cameras to a ground-penetrating radar, the lander’s six-wheeled rover will be the one to roam the Red Planet.
Although China would be the fifth country to orbit Mars, President Xi Jinping’s unyielding resolve to become a global space giant emerged in the undertaking of this endeavor.
“Becoming an aerospace power has always been a dream we’ve been striving for,” he said.
Using the combined powers of two telescopes, researchers were able to gain visibility over a massive star in our galaxy that is 30 times the size of the sun—and is still growing. Much can be learned about the lifespan of supermassive stars.
TELESCOPES UNITE
Astronomers have their eyes on a young star around 11,000 light-years away from Earth, and for very good reasons. The massive young star, G11.92-0.61 MM1, or MM1 for short, is in our galaxy and reached its size faster than normal stars. “An average star like our Sun is formed over a few million years, whereas massive stars are formed orders of magnitude faster – around 100,000 years,” said team leader John Ilee, from the University of Cambridge in the UK.
The finding, published in the Monthly Notices of The Royal Astrological Society, is a rare one because while the dense clouds of molecular material make stellar nurseries perfect for birthing stars, those clouds of space dust make it very hard for normal telescopes to see through the clouds. Being able to watch this young star mature is an exceptional chance to monitor and better understand a massive star’s lifecycle.
Artist’s impression, MM1. Credit: A. Smith, Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge.
Using the combined powers of the Submillimetre Array (SMA) in Hawaii and the (aptly named)Very Large Array (VLA) in New Mexico, which offer longer wavelengths than most telescopes, the team not only managed to spot the star but also to assess its surroundings.
EAT FAST, DIE FAST
At a young age, MM1 is already over 30 times the size of the Sun…and it’s still hungry. And it seems the MM1 still has a front seat to a full buffet, as calculations show a large disc of matter surrounding it. This is called a Keplerian disc, thus named for the law of motion it follows. Particles closer to the star move faster than those on the outer edges.
This disc implies that supermassive stars start out just like normal stars. “This type of rotation is also seen in the Solar System – the inner planets rotate around the Sun more quickly than the outer planets,” Ilee explained. “It’s exciting to find such a disc around a massive young star, because it suggests that massive stars form in a similar way to lower mass stars, like our Sun.”
So what else is on the table for MM1 (apart from lots of star food)? Well, death.
From what we know of stars, the faster they eat (and the more they do), the sooner they die. This makes finding them in their early stages of death by gluttony a rare occurrence. “These massive stars also burn through their fuel much more quickly, so they have shorter overall lifespans, making them harder to catch when they are infants,” Ilee says.
Photo: ALMA Observatory.
However, before MM1’s imminent demise, which would end up in either a supernova or a black hole (this is a debate), researchers want to use the Atacama Large Millimetre Array (ALMA) in Chile to confirm if the Keplerian disc around it is hiding more. “Our theoretical calculations suggest that the disc could, in fact, be hiding even more mass under layers of gas and dust,” says team member Duncan Forgan. “The disc may even be so massive that it can break up under its own gravity, forming a series of less massive companion protostars.”
Former NASA whistleblower's shock claim space agency hid PROOF of UFOs orbiting Saturn
Former NASA whistleblower's shock claim space agency hid PROOF of UFOs orbiting Saturn
A DECORATED former NASA scientist has claimed the US space agency has proof that alien UFOs have been orbiting Saturn for years, but the shocking fact has been withheld from the public.
Dr Norman Bergrun, a distinguished engineer who has worked with NASA’s Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, California, said the rings of the planet are a massive meeting place for extraterrestrials.
He claims "alien UFO spaceships" have started "proliferating" at a shocking rate on the planet's many rings, which are made up of "space crafts and their exhaust fumes" but the world-changing evidence has been covered up at high-level within the US Government.
The former NASA engineer, who has written books on his claims and done numerous interviews, believes the number of UFO crafts in the solar system had reached "critical" levels.
Bizarrely, Dr Bergrun claims the spaceships include living entities, which use the rings as a source of energy, and are multiplying and spreading to other planets such as Uranus and Jupiter.
Dr Bergrun developed “roll stability laws for airplanes, missiles and rockets.”
YouTube
Dr Norman Bergrun claims UFOs are in Saturn's rings.
He also won prestigious awards, including the California Society of Professional Engineers Archimedes Engineering Achievement Award.
Dr Bergrun, who served on the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) and worked with Lockheed Martin on high-profile and top-secret aerospace projects, first launched his theory in 1986 with his book Ringmakers of Saturn, but continues to promote it and is annoyed that scientists do not appear to be giving it any credence.
He said: "What I found out is, these things inhabit Saturn, that’s where I first discovered them, and they’re proliferating. You can find them around Uranus and Jupiter.
"Wherever you see some rings, that’s where I see the aircrafts, I call them a ring maker.
What I found out is, these things inhabit Saturn, that’s where I first discovered them, and they’re proliferating. You can find them around Uranus and Jupiter.
Dr Norman Bergrun
"I say that it is electromagnetic because I can identify streamline patterns with respect to it that I knew were what we called 'potential lines' and that says it was electrical."
Dr Bergrun has produced historic NASA images of the rings, which he claims show UFOs, including cylindrical objects.
But he claimed we have been unable to communicate with any of these aliens so far, and they could ultimately pose a threat to Earth.
He warned that the proliferation of the crafts across our solar system was speeding up and reaching a “critical” stage.
He claims the crafts are “living” because they are capable of the essential functions of biological systems, such as self-replication and self-maintenance.
Mainstream scientists dismiss his extraordinary claims, but the UFO community is captivated.
Conspiracy website Collective Evolution said: "We can assume that he knows and has worked with other intelligent and powerful people and that he has had access to extremely sensitive data, which he himself makes clear… in his book.”
And UFO blogger Scott C Waring wrote: "Norman Bergrun worked in a top secret area inside the US government and has personally witnessed seeing photos directly from NASA that had UFO near Saturn that make the rings around Saturn.
"He says he has personally seen an increase of alien ship activity among the rings of Saturn over his career. Something has to be done."
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25-08-2016
Exoplanètes: «Une preuve de vie extraterrestre d'ici dix ans»
Exoplanètes: «Une preuve de vie extraterrestre d'ici dix ans»
ESPACE L'astrophysicien Michaël Gillon nous en dit plus sur la découverte de la planète Proxima B...
Vue d'artiste de la planète Proxima B, avec son étoile, la naine rouge Proxima du Centaure, au loin - M. Kornmesser / EUROPEAN SOUTHERN OBSERVATORY / AFP
Jamais on n’avait découvert d’exoplanète aussi proche de nous. La confirmation, mardi dans Nature, de la découverte de Proxima B, dans l’orbite de l’étoile Proxima du Centaure, se double d’une jolie surprise : La planète tourne autour de son étoile à une distance qui rend possible la présence d’eau liquide et de vie à sa surface.
Proxima du Centaure est bien connue des chercheurs qui traquent les planètes situées en dehors du système solaire, car c’est la plus proche de notre soleil. L’astrophysicien belge Michael Gillon, de l’Université de Liège, co-découvreur de plusieurs exoplanètes « potentiellement habitables », analyse l’importance de cette découverte.
On a découvert plus de 3.000 planètes en dehors du système solaire, depuis la première en 1995. Pourquoi ne découvre-t-on que maintenant celle qui tourne autour de Proxima du Centaure ?
Parce que le système de Proxima du Centaure n’est pas facile à examiner. L’étoile est proche, mais beaucoup moins brillante que le soleil (670 fois moins), elle pèse 10 % de son poids et émet essentiellement de la lumière infrarouge. D’ailleurs, de la Terre on ne la voit pas à l’œil nu, il faut une lunette pour l’observer…
Dans mon équipe nous avons déjà essayé de scruter ce système par la méthode du « transit » (on guette la baisse de luminosité qui résulte du passage d’une planète devant l’étoile), sans rien détecter. Là, ils ont pu utiliser une autre méthode, gravitationnelle (on détecte indirectement les mouvements de la planète), avec une quantité de données très importante.
Cette planète, Proxima B, est située à une distance de 4,2 années-lumière, soit quarante mille milliards de kilomètres. Que change cette découverte ?
C’est très enthousiasmant qu’une étoile si proche de nous dispose d’une planète potentiellement habitable. Et il est possible qu’avec certains instruments on soit assez rapidement capables d’observer directement l’image de cette planète, et de détecter une atmosphère, si elle en a une.
La prochaine étape, c’est la découverte de vie extraterrestre. Comment procède-t-on ?
On cherche des signes de cette vie en guettant, par exemple dans la lumière émise par la planète, des traces de molécules caractéristiques de la vie. Ce sont des « biomarqueurs ». Cela peut-être de l’oxygène en grande quantité, si on prouve qu’aucun autre phénomène n’a pu le produire. Avec les nouveaux instruments qui sont en train d’être mis en place, je pense que l’on peut espérer une telle découverte d’ici une dizaine d’années.
Exoplanètes: «Une preuve de vie extraterrestre d'ici dix ans»
Exoplanètes: «Une preuve de vie extraterrestre d'ici dix ans»
ESPACE L'astrophysicien Michaël Gillon nous en dit plus sur la découverte de la planète Proxima B...
Vue d'artiste de la planète Proxima B, avec son étoile, la naine rouge Proxima du Centaure, au loin - M. Kornmesser / EUROPEAN SOUTHERN OBSERVATORY / AFP
Jamais on n’avait découvert d’exoplanète aussi proche de nous. La confirmation, mardi dans Nature, de la découverte de Proxima B, dans l’orbite de l’étoile Proxima du Centaure, se double d’une jolie surprise : La planète tourne autour de son étoile à une distance qui rend possible la présence d’eau liquide et de vie à sa surface.
Proxima du Centaure est bien connue des chercheurs qui traquent les planètes situées en dehors du système solaire, car c’est la plus proche de notre soleil. L’astrophysicien belge Michael Gillon, de l’Université de Liège, co-découvreur de plusieurs exoplanètes « potentiellement habitables », analyse l’importance de cette découverte.
On a découvert plus de 3.000 planètes en dehors du système solaire, depuis la première en 1995. Pourquoi ne découvre-t-on que maintenant celle qui tourne autour de Proxima du Centaure ?
Parce que le système de Proxima du Centaure n’est pas facile à examiner. L’étoile est proche, mais beaucoup moins brillante que le soleil (670 fois moins), elle pèse 10 % de son poids et émet essentiellement de la lumière infrarouge. D’ailleurs, de la Terre on ne la voit pas à l’œil nu, il faut une lunette pour l’observer…
Dans mon équipe nous avons déjà essayé de scruter ce système par la méthode du « transit » (on guette la baisse de luminosité qui résulte du passage d’une planète devant l’étoile), sans rien détecter. Là, ils ont pu utiliser une autre méthode, gravitationnelle (on détecte indirectement les mouvements de la planète), avec une quantité de données très importante.
Cette planète, Proxima B, est située à une distance de 4,2 années-lumière, soit quarante mille milliards de kilomètres. Que change cette découverte ?
C’est très enthousiasmant qu’une étoile si proche de nous dispose d’une planète potentiellement habitable. Et il est possible qu’avec certains instruments on soit assez rapidement capables d’observer directement l’image de cette planète, et de détecter une atmosphère, si elle en a une.
La prochaine étape, c’est la découverte de vie extraterrestre. Comment procède-t-on ?
On cherche des signes de cette vie en guettant, par exemple dans la lumière émise par la planète, des traces de molécules caractéristiques de la vie. Ce sont des « biomarqueurs ». Cela peut-être de l’oxygène en grande quantité, si on prouve qu’aucun autre phénomène n’a pu le produire. Avec les nouveaux instruments qui sont en train d’être mis en place, je pense que l’on peut espérer une telle découverte d’ici une dizaine d’années.
VIDEO. Faites chauffer la fusée, une potentielle «seconde Terre» découverte à deux pas de chez nous
VIDEO. Faites chauffer la fusée, une potentielle «seconde Terre» découverte à deux pas de chez nous
ASTRONOMIEProxima du Centaure est l'étoile la plus proche du Soleil, et le système abrite une planète sans doute rocheuse...
Vue d'artiste de Proxima b, la planète la plus proche de la Terre. - ESO, M. KORNMESSER
C’est le Graal de l’astronomie. Des chercheurs ont bien découvert une exoplanèteautour de l’étoile la plus proche du Soleil, Proxima du Centaure, dans une zone où l’eau liquide peut exister à la surface. La rumeur, qui courrait depuis deux semaines, a été confirmée mercredi par la publication officielle dans le magazine Nature. « La chasse à la vie peut commencer », écrit son auteur principal, l’astronome Guillem Anglada-Escudé, de l’université Queen Mary de Londres.
Cette fois, il ne s’agit pas d’une erreur
Avant de réserver son billet pour un aller simple, plusieurs précisions importantes s’imposent. Proxima b, située à 4,2 années-lumière du Soleil, a une masse minimum de 1,3 fois celle de la Terre. Les chercheurs supposent qu’elle est rocheuse mais ils n’en ont pas la preuve. Ils ne savent pas non plus si elle possède une atmosphère, de l’eau liquide et tous les composés nécessaires à l’éclosion de la vie telle que nous la connaissons.
Les sceptiques se rappelleront encore que la dernière découverte d’une planète « candidate » autour de Proxima du Centaure avait finalement été rétractée. Mais cette fois, les mesures réalisées avec deux télescopes différents laissent peu de place au doute. « Les instruments ont fait d’immenses progrès. Après avoir lu l’étude, je suis convaincu que cette planète est réelle », juge l’astronome Phil Plaitsur son blog Bad Astronomy.
Le tour de son étoile en 11 jours
Proxima b se trouve à seulement 7,5 millions de kilomètres de son étoile. C’est 20 fois plus près que la Terre du Soleil. Elle en fait le tour en seulement 11,2 jours. Mais parce que Proxima du Centaure est une naine rouge de faible intensité, de l’eau liquide peut, sur le papier, exister à la surface.
La donne est cependant compliquée par la configuration de la planète, en verrouillage gravitationnel avec son étoile, comma la Terre avec la Lune. Traduction : c’est toujours la même face qui est au « soleil », et il n’y a pas de saison. On ne parle même pas des violentes éruptions solaires, face auxquelles une protection (atmosphère dense, champ magnétique) est indispensable. Bref, il va falloir observer la planète directement, et le télescope spatial James Webb, qui doit prendre la relève d’Hubble en 2018, arrivera à point nommé.
Si près et pourtant si loin
A 4,2 années-lumière, Proxima b est la planète la plus proche de la Terre. Mais avec les systèmes actuels de propulsion, il faudrait entre 20.000 et 80.000 ans à une sonde pour s’y rendre. Le projet Starshot, qui mise sur une voile solaire accélérée par des rayons laser pour atteindre 20 % de la vitesse de la lumière, permettrait toutefois de réduire la durée du voyage d’une micro-sonde à une vingtaine d’années. Allez, on espère être encore vivant pour assister à ce grand moment…
(CNN)In a discovery that has been years in the making, researchers have confirmed the existence of a rocky planet named Proxima b orbiting Proxima Centauri, the closest star to our sun, according to a new study. It is the closest exoplanet to us in the universe.
Given the fact that Proxima b is within the habitable zone of its star, meaning liquid water could exist on the surface, it may also be the closest possible home for life outside of our solar system, the researchers said.
Because of its location, the researchers hope it provides an opportunity for possible "robotic exploration in the coming centuries."
This artist's impression shows a view of the surface of the planet Proxima b.
"The good news is that it is so close," study author Ansgar Reiners said. "It is not only nice for having it in our neighborhood, but it's a dream come true for astronomers if we think about follow-up observation."
Proxima Centauri coexists with a binary star in Alpha Centauri, a well-studied star system that serves as a neighbor to our sun.
Proxima b is a mere 4.2 light-years away from our solar system, or 266,000 times the distance between the Earth and the sun, which are 92.96 million miles apart. Previous rocky exoplanet discoveries, like those orbiting ultracool red dwarf star TRAPPIST-1, were previously described as "close" at 40 light-years away.
"It's not only the closest terrestrial planet found, it's probably the closest planet outside our solar system that will ever be found because there is no star closer to the solar system than this one," said lead study author Guillem Anglada-Escudé.
"The only thing you can hope to find between that is Planet Nine, but that would (require) a solar system object or a brown dwarf that hasn't been discovered," researcher Pedro Amado added.
Here is what we know about the planet, as well as the questions that researchers hope to be able to answer.
Meet Proxima b
Proxima b is a rocky, terrestrial planet with a surface -- unlike a gas giant, such as Jupiter -- that is 1.3 times the size of Earth and orbits its star every 11.2 days. It is in a close orbit of Proxima Centauri: only 5% of the distance between the Earth and the sun. They are even closer together than Mercury and the sun. But because its star is much cooler and fainter than our sun, Proxima b has a temperature that is suitable for liquid water to exist on the surface without evaporating.
Researchers estimate that if the planet has an atmosphere, which could be assumed but isn't known, it may be between 86 to 104 degrees Fahrenheit (31 to 40 degrees Celsius) on the surface. Without an atmosphere, it could be -22 to -40 degrees Fahrenheit (-30 to -40 degrees Celsius). To put that in perspective, Earth would be -4 degrees (-20 degrees Celsius) if it didn't have an atmosphere, Reiners said.
Given the proximity to its star, Proxima b is also subject to less pleasant factors like ultraviolet and X-ray flares that are 100 times the intensity of what Earth receives from the sun. In the paper, researchers estimated it to be 400 times the intensity, but recent research has caused them to create a new estimate, they said. If there is life on the planet, it would be affected by this radiation, but it is pure speculation as to what kind of effect.
This infographic compares the orbit of the planet around Proxima Centauri (Proxima b) with the same region of the Solar System.
What took so long?
If the Alpha Centauri system is well-studied and Proxima Centauri is our sun's cozy star neighbor in the universe, why did it take so long to find Proxima b?
It comes down to an understanding of the star this planet orbits, as well as how data collection has evolved during the last 16 years.
Proxima Centauri is a low-mass red dwarf star, known as an M-class dwarf, that happens to be close to the bright binary star Alpha Centauri AB, which outshines its cool stepbrother, so to speak. All of these stars are within the faint Centaurus constellation, which can't be seen with the unaided eye.
M-class dwarves are not well understood in comparison with other types of stars, Reiners said. Because of that, researchers don't know much about the history of these stars or their radiation in the early days.
"But within the field of exoplants, [researchers] have recently realized that looking for planets around M dwarves is what is going to be the most spectacular, because you can find these plants in the liquid water zone more easily than other stars," Reiners said.
Because it's an active star, Proxima Centauri can behave in varied ways that mimic the presence of a planet, according to the study. Researchers wanted to observe it for a long period of time, so for the first half of this year, telescopes around the world were pointed at Proxima Centauri. The researchers looked for a "Doppler wobble," or back and forth wobble of Proxima Centauri that would be caused by the gravitational pull of a planet in orbit.
This was combined with research, data and published studies of Proxima Centauri dating to 2000.
"The significance of the detection went sky high," Anglada-Escudé said. "Statistically, there was no doubt. We have found a planet around Proxima Centauri."
The research around Proxima b will continue, and the researchers have more questions they want to answer. They don't know whether there is water on the surface or if the planet has an atmosphere, although both are likely. They also don't know whether, like Earth, the planet has a protective magnetic field to help with some of the radiation it receives.
Perhaps one of the biggest questions includes the history of the star and the planet. How did they form?
"What happened during the formation?" Reiners asked. "Was the star more active than the sun is today, and where during that phase was Proxima b located?"
This would indicate whether the plant was rich with water in its early days or started out dry, as well as whether there was any high-energy radiation that could have blasted away an atmosphere during formation of the planet.
A view of the southern skies over the ESO 3.6-meter telescope at La Silla Observatory in Chile with images of the stars Proxima Centauri (lower right) and the double star Alpha Centauri AB (lower left).
There is also some debate over whether this planet is Earth-like, which comes with some connotations. Depending on its formation, perhaps it could be like Venus.
Learning the answers to these questions about formation are possible with research. The habitability of a planet like Proxima b is also "a matter of intense debate," according to the study, due to arguments against it: tidal locking, strong stellar magnetic fields, strong flares, and high ultraviolet and X-ray fluxes. But, as they point out, none of those has been proved definitive, either.
Growing excitement
Researchers have long looked to Alpha Centauri for study. Now, they want us to go there.
Programs like Mission Centaur intend to design and build a space mission with a small telescope to point at the star system. It would look for exoplanets by imaging or other techniques that could find more of them around these three stars. Given how long it took us to confirm Proxima b and the fact that the researchers encountered a puzzling extra signal in some of their data and models, it's entirely possible that there are more planets to be found.
It is also the target of the Starshot project, which aims to create and send ultra-fast light-driven nanocraft that would reach the system 20 years after launch and beam home images. This is on the list of Breakthrough initiatives,an effort whose board includes Stephen Hawking and Mark Zuckerberg.
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Because Proxima b exists outside our solar system, it doesn't change our well-known roster of planets (and we know some of you are still rather upset over Pluto). But it does add to the field of exoplanet research that's underway, some of which hopes to identify Earth-like planets that future telescopes, such as the James Webb Space Telescope and the European Extremely Large Telescope, can use for observation.
Many researchers hope that we can actually image these planets in the future, getting an idea of their atmospheric makeup and surface composition, and strive to answer the question of "Are we alone in the universe?"
"We know that there are terrestrial planets around stars. The excitement is because it's the nearest one, and we expect to characterize it and maybe visit in a couple of centuries," Anglada-Escudé said.
Mediterraans mysterie: Woonde de mythische beschaving van Atlantis op Sardinië?
Mediterraans mysterie: Woonde de mythische beschaving van Atlantis op Sardinië?
Luchtbeelden die onlangs zijn gemaakt lijken de theorie te bevestigen dat de mythische beschaving van Atlantis mogelijk op het Italiaanse eiland Sardinië woonde. Dat meldt de krant La Stampa.
De Italiaanse journalist Sergio Frau stelt dat Sardinië exact overeenkomt met de beschrijving die Plato gaf: een land dat rijk is aan water en bossen, met een zacht klimaat, waardoor men het hele jaar door kan oogsten.
Tsunami
Plato noemde de inwoners van Atlantis daarnaast ‘torenbouwers’. Op Sardinië staan veel oude stenen forten. Eén van deze monumenten werd gevonden in de gemeente Barumini. Het kostte archeologen 14 jaar om het bouwwerk onder een 12 meter dikke laag modder vandaan te halen.
Uit luchtbeelden blijkt dat vrijwel alle oude bouwwerken die zich vlak boven de zeespiegel bevinden, bedekt werden door modder, terwijl de overige gebouwen buiten schot bleven. Mogelijk was de modderstroom het gevolg van een tsunami, die volgens de legende de inwoners van Atlantis wegvaagde.
Zuilen van Hercules
Plato schreef dat Atlantis 9000 jaar geleden werd vernietigd, maar in die tijd waren er nog geen beschavingen in het Middellandse Zeegebied. Plato bedoelde mogelijk 9000 maanden in plaats van jaren, omdat in zijn tijd vaak in maanden werd gerekend.
In dat geval verwijst Plato naar 1200 voor Christus. In die periode deden zich op het Italiaanse eiland krachtige aardbevingen voor. Het is bekend dat Atlantis zich ten westen van de Zuilen van Hercules bevond. Volgens de legende waren die tot de derde eeuw voor Christus niet in de Straat van Gibraltar, maar in de Golf van Tunis gelegen, tussen Sicilië en Tunesië.
Ligt buitenaards leven dan toch niet zo ver van ons af als we dachten? Gisteren had de Europese Zuidelijke Sterrenwacht ESO groot nieuws voor de wereld: er is bewijs gevonden dat rond de meest nabije ster een planeet draait die levensvatbaar kan zijn. Mogelijk is er dus een nabije woonplaats voor leven buiten ons zonnestelsel. Nu ja, zo nabij is Proxima b nu ook weer niet: 4,22 lichtjaar, ofwel 40 biljoen kilometer. Hoe kunnen we ooit zo ver reizen?
Vorig jaar kwam de New Horizons-sonde van NASA aan op Pluto na een trip van 4,8 miljard kilometer. De sonde was negen jaar onderweg geweest en haalde snelheden tot 84.000 kilometer per uur. Mochten we de New Horizons naar Proxima b sturen, dan zou die 54.400 jaar onderweg zijn. Niet echt een optie dus.
Vorige maand haalde de Juno-sonde van NASA, die in een baan rond Jupiter draait, een snelheid van 265.000 kilometer per uur. Met die snelheid komen we weliswaar vroeger aan op Proxima b, maar dan nog zou het 17.157 jaar duren.
In de jaren 90 pakten het Amerikaanse leger en NASA uit met Project Longshot, waarbij een sonde dankzij waterstofbommen snelheden zou halen tot 13.400 kilometer per seconde. Mocht dat ooit lukken, dan zijn we er binnen 100 jaar.
Proxima b bereiken, is dus een werk van heel lange adem, laat staan dat we er ooit voet aan land kunnen zetten. Maar dankzij een nieuwe technologie wordt het misschien mogelijk om Proxima b over 50 jaar te bereiken. Met project 'Starshot' wil miljardair Joeri Milner een sonde de ruimte insturen die wordt voortgedreven door een laserstraal en in 'amper' 20 jaar Proxima b bereikt. Ook Stephen Hawking steunt het project.
Een laserstraal zou, in theorie althans, een flinterdunne sonde met 215 miljoen kilometer per uur kunnen laten reizen. Dat is ongeveer 20 procent van de lichtsnelheid. Het zou nog 20 à 25 jaar duren voor die 'lasersonde' klaar is, dus we moeten toch nog zeker een kleine 50 jaar wachten voor we Proxima b ooit te zien krijgen. Bovendien zou het project zo'n 10 miljard dollar kosten.
10 miljard dollar uitgeven aan een reis naar een verre planeet, is dat wel de moeite waard? Wat als we op een gigantische ontgoocheling botsen?
Een trip naar Proxima b is zeker de moeite waard, dat bewees New Horizons al toen hij aankwam op Pluto. De sonde schoot unieke beelden van de dwergplaneet die we vanop de aarde nooit zouden kunnen genomen hebben. De sonde bezorgde ons een schat aan informatie over Pluto, dus een bezoekje aan de nieuwe Aarde is sowieso de moeite waard.
Ontdekken we over 50 jaar leven buiten ons zonnestelsel? Lees het antwoord hier in 2066.
China hoopt in juli of augustus 2020 een robotjeep naar Mars te lanceren. Het heeft via de staatsmedia een tip van de sluier over de verkenner gelicht.
Het is de bedoeling dat een Lange Mars-5 draagraket van op de nieuwe lanceerbasis Wenchang het tuig meeneemt en op een traject naar de Rode Planeet brengt. Na een reis van ongeveer zeven maanden moet de lander zich van een "orbiter" losmaken en uiteindelijk neerstrijken nabij de evenaar. Dan zal het gedurende een negentigtal dagen het Marsoppervlak en de omgeving bestuderen.
Tweehonderd kilo De jeep zal tweehonderd kilo wegen. Hij zal zes wielen en vier zonnepanelen hebben. Dertien instrumenten doen onderzoek naar sporen van water en ijs.
In het kader van zijn ambitieus ruimtevaartprogramma heeft Peking al een robotjeep op de Maan neergezet, om daar onderzoek te doen. India was het eerste Aziatisch land dat in september een sonde rond de Rode Planeet bracht.
Mislukken De opdracht zou niet gemakkelijk zijn. Zelfs de grote ruimtevaartmogendheden zagen zowat minstens de helft van missies naar Mars, in het bijzonder landingen, mislukken.
België is momenteel met apparatuur op de Europees-Russische sonde en lander ExoMars op weg naar de Rode Planeet.
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