Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 12 YEARS AND 10 MONTHS.
ON 06/04/2024 MORE THAN 1.951.050
VISITORS FROM 134 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
21-09-2016
ENGELSE POLITIEAGENTEN FILMEN UFO ( VIDEO )
ENGELSE POLITIEAGENTEN FILMEN UFO ( VIDEO )
Een man gaat wandelen met zijn hond en filmt een aantal vreemde objecten, waarna opeens de batterij van zijn camera leeg is.
En twee politieagenten slagen erin om opnamen te maken van een vreemde cilindervormige UFO.
We schreven gisteren over het voortdurende mysterie van de oranje bollen en ook vanuit Engeland komt daarover nu een interessant verhaal.
De waarneming werd enkele dagen geleden gedaan door een man die zijn hond uitliet in de plaats Great Shefford in Berkshire.
Terwijl ze daar samen liepen, zag hij drie glinsterende objecten boven de bomen hangen. Helaas had hij geen camera bij zich en kon hij dus ook niets opnemen. Een dag later ging hij terug naar hetzelfde gebied, dit keer wel gewapend met een camera, in de hoop dat hij dit keer wat interessante opnames zou kunnen maken.
Hij had geluk, want dezelfde objecten die hij de dag ervoor had gezien, waren nu wederom zichtbaar. Hij begon met filmen, maar het plezier duurde niet al te lang, want na twee minuten stopte de camera omdat de batterij dood was,ondanks dat deze volledig was opgeladen.
Buurtbewoners in het dorpje vertelden aan de plaatselijke krant dat ook zij volledig in het duister tasten omtrent de identiteit van de objecten. De afgelopen drie maanden zijn deze vreemde oranje fenomenen door diverse bewoners van het dorp in West Yorkshire waargenomen.
De man met de hond vertelde dat hij ze tot nu toe vier keer had gezien, maar dat ze niet op bepaalde vaste tijden verschenen.
Het hoogste aantal objecten dat hij heeft waargenomen, bedraagt zes en de maximale tijd dat ze zichtbaar waren, is ongeveer een kwartier.
Ook hier echter weer geen antwoorden.
We blijven nog even in Engeland waar enkele politiemensen ook een vreemd object op film wisten vast te leggen.
Deze waarneming vond plaats in een heel ander deel van Engeland en dat was in het plaatsje Consett in County Durham.
Het betrof een sigaarvormige UFO die ongeveer 30 minuten zichtbaar was. Het voorval vond plaats op klaarlichte dag en men zag dat de UFO verticaal om zijn eigen as draaide.
Volgens UFO experts bevindt het object zich op een hoogte van ergens tussen de 350 en 1750 meter en men schat de lengte ervan op ergens tussen de 70 en 150 meter.
Er worden natuurlijk wel vaker cilindervormige UFO’s waargenomen, maar je ziet ze niet zo dikwijls in een verticale positie.
This is interesting. Streetcap1 found an armada passing by our sun this week. There is a main mothership, three medium ships (yellow circle), and 10 tiny craft (red circles) following it. Look how the long thin nose of the medium craft (above) is the same as the nose on the mothership below it. It looks like they are traveling together, because there is safety in numbers...especially for the smaller craft. Also the medium craft flying behind them has a triangle shape. Scott C. Waring
Streetcap1 states: This is a quite complicated looking piece with possibly two or more items meeting in space. As we say here, you couldn't make it up and guess what, I don't. PS. Notice the circle next to the main craft has a small craft at the center. Standard alien greetings approach formation with the boss in the center. How do I know this, I just do.Streetcap1.
Huge Jellyfish UFO Over Caribbean Caught By NASA, Sept 18, 2016, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Huge Jellyfish UFO Over Caribbean Caught By NASA, Sept 18, 2016, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Above is original, below is negative.
Date of sighting: Sept 18, 2016 Location of sighting:Caribbean Its plain to see there is a giant jellyfish UFO hiding inside this could, and its soaking in the power of the electricity causing lightning all around it. Some ships deliberately create these storms just so they can feed off of them, regardless of the damage they may cause the public. NASA is trying to call these sprites, but its a new field especially created to deliberately misinform the public about these UFOs so they can keep them secret. NASA was created not to find alien life, but to appease the publics curiosity, but giving them crumbs of information. Thus they can say they are doing their job, when in all reality, they are holding the public back. Scott C. Waring Eyewitness states: This is a copy and paste from the Nasa website spaceweather.com: 'A-BOMB' SPRITE OVER THE CARIBBEAN: On Sept. 18th, Frankie Lucena of Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico, photographed an enormous sprite over the Caribbean Sea. For a split-second, the sky was illuminated by a mushroom-shaped flash:Oscar van der Velde, a member of the Lightning Research Group at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, explains what Lucena photographed: "This type of sprite is often called 'jellyfish' or 'A-bomb,' and ranks as the largest type of sprite in both horizontal and vertical dimensions," he says. "It consists of a bright halo approximately 85 km above Earth's surface surrounding sprite elements with long tendrils reaching down as low as ~30 km above ground level." "This kind of sprite tends to be triggered by a very impulsive positive cloud-to-ground flash," van der Velde adds. The curious thing is, Lucena did not observe an instigating lightning bolt. Instead, just before the sprite appeared, he recorded a bright point-like flash of light. "Was it a cosmic ray hitting the camera?" wonders Lucena. Play the entire video to see the flash. Another possibility: The point-like flash could have been a cloud-to-ground strike mostly eclipsed by intervening clouds. If Lucena did photograph something new triggering a sprite, perhaps it shouldn't come as a big surprise. The field is relatively new. Although sprites have been seen for at least a century, most scientists did not believe they existed until after 1989 when sprites were photographed by cameras onboard the space shuttle. There is still much to learn.
Gigantic UFO With Multiple Arms Spotted Near The Sun In SOHO Images Captured In Three Different Years
Gigantic UFO With Multiple Arms Spotted Near The Sun In SOHO Images Captured In Three Different Years
An image of the Sun showing an apparent giant alien UFO flying through the inner solar system raises speculations about NASA hiding evidence of alien presence. Cameras on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) captured the image on September 11, 2016.
UFO researchers have been spotting this UFO flying close to the Sun-Earth L1 gravitational balance point in the solar system. SOHO cameras also captured similar flybys in 2011, 2012, and 2016. NASA and the European Space Agency jointly managed the SOHO satellite, which is stationed in a halo orbit around point L1. Its primary purpose is to transmit almost real-time data of solar activity to Earth, which helps in predicting space weather.
The UFO discovered in the image from SOHO LASCO C2 camera has multiple long arms, which according to UFO hunters, could be communication antennae.
Some UFO hunters say that the UFO has three long appendages and a fourth arm that is two times longer than the higher arms. All four arms are believed to be solid objects and not just trails. Other UFO researchers say that the UFO actually has 5-7 arms. They also point out that the arms were not smoke trails or vapor from the engine exhaust, but solid appendages.
The UFO has repeatedly been spotted stationing near the Sun in SOHO images. Alien and UFO hunters suggest that the unidentified flying object follows a fixed route that regularly passes the Sun to refuel by sucking energy from the hot atmosphere of the star.
Alien hunters are now challenging NASA to explain why the mysterious object is present in two images taken on the same day by different SOHO cameras, making it impossible to be just an accidental flaw in the digital image.
Louisville, Kentucky: UFO followed by a smaller UFO fleet 19-Sep-2016
Louisville, Kentucky: UFO followed by a smaller UFO fleet 19-Sep-2016
Here’s one interesting footage of some kind of a UFO fleet flying across the sky above Louisville, Kentucky. This was filmed on 19th September 2016.
Witness report:
watching the night sky with a NV-IR device, i captured a UFO traveling N to NE, when it disappeared above garage i noticed there was a ufo fleet behind it, they flew too fast to be birds and moving very quick in formation at night following a ufo?i don’t think it was birds because they were at the same altitude as the first UFO (main object).
Tennessee Man Witnesses A UFO That He Describes As Orange Line
Tennessee Man Witnesses A UFO That He Describes As Orange Line
A bright orange line in the sky was spotted by a man in Nashville in Tennessee. The orange line seemed to be two separate lights after zooming in the video recording.
The witness was on a work break when the incident took place. It was at three early in the morning on August 15, 2016, when he noticed a brilliant orange light in the sky, unlike anything he had ever seen in his usual spot for smoking. The brightness of the light caught his attention, as well as the color that appeared like a street light, but way too big.
His first thought was the moon behind cloud cover, but he noticed the moon was directly above him. Furthermore, there wasn’t cloud cover that time. Because it was very dark and the object was far away, the witness could not make out any features on it.
Even after a thorough look, the witness could still not find any details as the lights on the object appeared to cover it. The witness used his phone to record a video of it and after zooming in, he realized the lights were actually two separate lights with a small gap in between. After around a minute, the object started to shrink and turned pure white in a gradual manner. Two minutes later, the object faded away, and the witness lost sight of it.
The unnamed witness reported his sighting to MUFON, and it is filed under case 78626.
Pluto and its largest moon Charon are classified as a binary system because the central point of their orbits lies beyond Pluto's surface.
Credit: NASA-JHUAPL-SWRI
Astronomers may have found the first binary planets ever observed beyond our solar system.
The two objects straddle the dividing line between gas giants and odd "failed stars" known as brown dwarfs in terms of mass, researchers said. The newfound bodies are also similar to each other in size and age.
"They're probably brother and sister," Daniella Gagliuffi told Space.com. Gagliuffi, a graduate student at the University of California, San Diego, found the objects amid a cloud of stars about 65 light-years from Earth. [Gallery: The Strangest Alien Planets]
"It's a little incestuous," said Gagliuffi, who presented her research at the American Astronomical Society's summer meeting in San Diego in June.
The pair lie within a dense cluster of stars that would normally be expected to strip objects away from one another. However, observations suggest that the two objects are so close that interactions with other stars would instead push them closer together, Gagliuffi said.
Planets or failed stars?
Galaxies are filled with stars, but they also include faint drifting objects with characteristics that make their status debatable. Such objects can be classified either as planets or as failed stars, given a blurry dividing line between the two.
That's the case for the two objects Gagliuffi identified in a search for failed stars known as brown dwarfs. Gagliuffi sought brown dwarfs that could help her probe the lower boundary of what makes a star.
Unlike stars, brown dwarfs fail to fuse "normal" hydrogen in their interior. But these odd objects are apparently capable of fusing deuterium, or "heavy" hydrogen, a feat that kicks in when a body is around 13 times as massive as Jupiter.
The newfound pair weigh in at roughly 15 and 14 times the mass of Jupiter. But the error bars associated with those estimates are wide enough that they may actually be in the planetary range.
"Their mass is straddling the deuterium-burning limit," Gagliuffi said.
So, the twins could be a pair of planets dancing around a central point of mass (in which case they would be the history-making exoplanet binary), but they could also be a pair of brown dwarfs, or a brown dwarf hosting a massive gas giant planet.
To complicate the matter, both brown dwarfs and young gas giants produce light so weak that it is difficult to study their composition or differentiate them from one another.
And massive young planets produce heat from within, slowly cooling over their lifetimes. Gagliuffi's studies show the pair are between 200 million and 300 million years old — young enough to confuse the issue.
A rare find
Pairs of brown dwarfs are abundant throughout the Milky Way galaxy, but young binaries are not so common, Gagliuffi said. If the siblings turn out to be failed stars, they could provide intriguing insights into their family's formation history.
Binary worlds also are thought to be rare. Our solar system is considered by some to host one pair of planets. The dwarf planet Pluto and its largest moon Charon orbit a point of mass outside the boundaries of each, making Pluto-Charon a binary system. No other binary planets are known outside of the sun's orbit.
The newfound twin worlds drift through what Gagliuffi calls "a whole zoo of different stars," only about 926 million miles (1.49 trillion kilometers) apart. While that sounds like an enormous distance — it is 10 times the distance between the Earth and the sun, after all— it's actually extremely close for worlds from two different systems. She and her colleagues think it's unlikely that the pair are just drifting close to one another by chance.
Pluto
Pluto, the most famous dwarf planet in our solar system, underwent a well-publicized (and somewhat controversial) reclassification that took away its title as the ninth and most distant planet from the sun. So, how well do you know this fascinating world?
"Given that they're so close, it's extremely likely that they're bound," Gagliuffi said.
It's possible that the pair is connected to a third, more distant star that they orbit together. No such star has been identified, but many binary systems are actually triples, and Gagliuffi will look for a parent star as she continues this work.
Of course, the pair may also be drifting alone without adult supervision.
Does an Earth-Like Alien Planet Orbit the Sun's Closest Neighbor?
Does an Earth-Like Alien Planet Orbit the Sun's Closest Neighbor?
By Mike Wall, Space.com Senior Writer
Hubble Space Telescope image of the red dwarf Proxima Centauri, which lies just 4.25 light-years from the sun.
Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA
Astronomers have found a rocky and possibly Earth-like planet circling the star closest to the sun, according to the German magazine Der Spiegel.
On Friday (Aug. 12), Der Spiegel reported that the European Southern Observatory's (ESO) La Silla Observatory in Chile had spotted evidence of a rocky, potentially habitable world orbiting Proxima Centauri, a small, dim star that lies just 4.25 light-years from the sun.
Scientists with the ESO will announce the find later this month, according to Der Spiegel, which cited an unnamed astrophysicist on the discovery team as its source. [In Images: The 1st Earth-Size Alien Planets Ever Found]
ESO officials neither confirmed nor denied the report.
"We were surprised to see the article in Der Spiegel and do not know the source," ESO spokesman Richard Hook told Space.com via email. "ESO has no further comment to make at present."
Proxima Centauri is a red dwarf, a star much smaller and cooler than the sun. About three-quarters of all stars in the Milky Way galaxy are red dwarfs.
Proxima Centauri lies just 0.24 light-years from the two stars of Alpha Centauri, and many astronomers regard the red dwarf as part of the latter system.
In 2012, astronomers announced that La Silla's High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher instrument, or HARPS, had spotted a rocky, roughly Earth-size planet around Alpha Centauri B. This world, known as Alpha Centauri Bb, circles its host star once every 3.2 days, and is therefore much too hot to support life, discovery team members said at the time.
However, a 2015 study found that the detected signal of Alpha Centauri Bb was merely an artifact and that the planet almost certainly does not exist.
To date, astronomers have discovered more than 3,200 confirmed alien planets, with NASA's Kepler space telescope responsible for about two-thirds of the finds. Kepler's work suggests that, on average, every star in the Milky Way hosts at least one planet.
We think we understand how stars form, live, and die, but sometimes looking out in the universe we discover things that don’t like to behave as they should. This is the case of SAO 244567, a star 2,700 light-years away that has undergone a sudden rebirth.
This object has been visibly evolving for the last 45 years, changing its temperature by almost 40,000°C (72,000°F). And new Hubble observations performed by an international team suggest that the star is now cooling again, going back to the original evolutionary sequence.
In a paper, published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, the team looked for confirmation of the rare helium-shell flash scenario they proposed in 2014. This is when the pressure in the star is suddenly enough to fuse helium around the core, expanding and brightening the star.
“SAO 244567 is one of the rare examples of a star that allows us to witness stellar evolution in real time,” said lead author Nicole Reindl from the University of Leicester, UK, in a statement. “Over only twenty years the star has doubled its temperature and it was possible to watch the star ionizing its previously ejected envelope, which is now known as the Stingray Nebula.”
A helium flash occurs in about one-quarter of low-to-medium-mass stars. When a star becomes old, its core runs out of hydrogen and the star turns into a red giant. The star then burns the helium at its core until it becomes depleted too, and hydrogen in the other shells start fusing. When all this material is spent, the helium around the core is suddenly and rapidly ignited, creating the helium flash.
Shown is how the star's rebirth is predicted to play out.
ESA/HST/NASA
“The release of nuclear energy by the flash forces the already very compact star to expand back to giant dimensions – the born-again scenario,” Reindl said. Although there have been a couple of observations of similar objects, this is the first time the heating and cooling phase of a star have both been observed.
“We need refined calculations to explain some still mysterious details in the behavior of SAO 244567,” added Reindl. “These could not only help us to better understand the star itself but could also provide a deeper insight in the evolution of central stars of planetary nebulae.”
Cosmic 'Echoes' Reveal Stars Devoured by Black Holes
Cosmic 'Echoes' Reveal Stars Devoured by Black Holes
By Samantha Mathewson, Space.com Contributor
As a star is devoured by a supermassive black hole, it emits a bright stream of material called a tidal disruption flare.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
A doomed star falling into a black hole may produce a flare of light that "echoes" through nearby dust clouds, according to two new studies.
Monster black holes can be millions of times more massive than the sun. If a star happens to wander too close, the black hole's extreme gravitational forces can tear the star into shreds, in an event called "stellar tidal disruption."
This kind of stellar destruction may also spit out a bright flare of energy in the form of ultraviolet and X-ray light. The two new studies examine how surrounding dust absorbs and re-emits the light from those flares, like a cosmic echo, according to a statement from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). [Millions of Black Holes Seen by WISE Telescope (Photos)
"This is the first time we have clearly seen the infrared-light echoes from multiple tidal disruption events," Sjoert van Velzen, a postdoctoral fellow at Johns Hopkins University and lead author of one study, said in the statement.
The new studies use data from NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). The NASA study led by van Velzen used these "echoes" to identify three black holes in the act of devouring stars. The second study, led by Ning Jiang, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Science and Technology of China, identified a potential fourth light echo.
Flares emitted from stellar tidal disruptions are extremely energetic and "destroy any dust" that is within the immediate neighborhood, according to NASA. However, a patchy, spherical web of dust that resides a few trillion miles (half a light-year) from the black hole can survive the flare and absorb light released from the star being gobbled up.
"The black hole has destroyed everything between itself and this dust shell," van Velzen said in the statement. "It's as though the black hole has cleaned its room by throwing flames."
The absorbed light heats the more distant dust, which in turn gives off infrared radiation that the WISE instrument can measure. These emissions can be detected for up to a year after the flare is at its brightest, the statement said. Scientists are able to characterize and locate the dust by measuring the delay between the original light flare and the subsequent echoes, according to the NASA study, which will be published in the Astrophysical Journal.
"Our study confirms that the dust is there, and that we can use it to determine how much energy was generated in the destruction of the star," Varoujan Gorjian, an astronomer at JPL and co-author of the paper led by van Velzen, said in the statement.
Hubble Telescope Snaps Best-Ever Views of a Comet's Disintegration
Hubble Telescope Snaps Best-Ever Views of a Comet's Disintegration
By Calla Cofield, Space.com Staff Writer
Comet 332P/Ikeya-Murakami is breaking apart as it orbits the sun. Images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope captured building-size chunks of debris as they fell behind the main comet body.
Credit: NASA/ESA and D. Jewit (UCLA)
Building-size chunks of rock were photographed by the Hubble Space Telescope in January as they broke free from a disintegrating comet zooming around the sun. The relatively rare images are providing insight into how these icy space rocks die.
The new images show a large, bright speck of light — the solid core of Comet 332P (short for 332P/Ikeya-Murakami) — trailed by a parade of smaller bluish-white dots. Over the course of three days, those small dots can be seen falling farther behind the comet's main body.
Comet 332P is currently about the length of five football fields, but observations going back to 2010 show that its size has been deteriorating for some time. The comet and its debris trail are visible because they are made partly of ices that reflect sunlight. As comets approach the sun and temperatures start to rise, those frozen materials can vaporize, and the comet itself essentially becomes unglued. Currently, Comet 332P has a debris trail stretching about 3,000 miles (4,800 km) behind it, scientists said. [5 Amazing Facts about the Comet-Chasing Rosetta Spacecraft]
The new images of 332P are fascinating for scientists because there aren't many clear, direct observations of this type of cometary death; the photos make up "one of the sharpest, most detailed observations of a comet breaking apart," according to a statement from the Space Telescope Science institute (STScI) in Baltimore, which manages Hubble's science operations.
The images of the comet breaking apart were taken when the space rock was just outside the orbit of Mars, about 150 million miles (240 million km) from the sun, and only 67 million miles (108 million km) from Earth, researchers said.
A sequence of Hubble Space Telescope images taken over three days in January 2016 shows the slow migration of building-size fragments of Comet 332P/Ikeya-Murakami. The pieces broke off the main nucleus in late 2015 as the icy, ancient comet approached the sun in its orbit.
Credit: NASA/ESA and D. Jewit (UCLA)
Comet 332P is estimated to be about 4.5 billion years old, or about the age of Earth and the other bodies in the solar system. Comets originate in the Kuiper Belt, the sphere of rocky, icy objects beyond the orbit of Neptune. At some point, gravitational disturbances pushed Comet 322P much closer to the sun, where the additional heat began to write its destruction. (The comet currently circles the sun once every six years.)
"We know that comets sometimes disintegrate, but we don't know much about why or how they come apart," David Jewitt, a professor of physics and astronomy at the University of California at Los Angeles, said in the statement. "The trouble is that it happens quickly and without warning, and so we don't have much chance to get useful data. With Hubble's fantastic resolution, not only do we see really tiny, faint bits of the comet, but we can watch them change from day to day. And that has allowed us to make the best measurements ever obtained on such an object."
Jewitt is lead author on a paper analyzing the Hubble observations that appeared today (Sept. 15) in the Astrophysical Journal Letters. He and his colleagues applied to have Hubble turn its eye on the comet after other observations showed that it might be breaking apart.
In the new images, the larger bright spot of Comet 332P's nucleus (the rocky core of a comet) is estimated to be about 1,600 feet long (490 meters), with a debris trail. But observations in 2015 by the Pan-STARRS (Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System) telescope in Hawaii showed that there might be another chunk of rock very close to the comet's nucleus and almost the same size, suggesting 332P may have split nearly in half at some point in the past.
With the new observations, scientists are observing this rocky destruction as it happens. The chunks of rock visible in the Hubble images range in size from about 65 to 200 feet wide (20 to 60 meters), and are moving away from each other at "a few miles per hour," according to the statement, or "about the walking speed of an adult."
A view of Comet 332P/Ikeya-Murakami, captured by the Hubble Space Telescope and annotated to show the pieces of the comet that have broken off from the comet nucleus.
Credit: NASA/ESA and D. Jewit (UCLA)
Observations of comets like Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko show that when icy comet materials heat up and turn into vapor, they can spray out of cracks and crevices in the comet's surface, creating jets. In Comet 332P, the jets of material act like engines that get the comet spinning faster and faster. The uptick then loosens chunks of material that fall off the comet.
"In the past, astronomers thought that comets die when they are warmed by sunlight, causing their ices to simply vaporize away," Jewitt said in the statement. "Either nothing would be left over or there would be a dead hulk of material where an active comet used to be. But it's starting to look like fragmentation may be more important. In Comet 332P we may be seeing a comet fragmenting itself into oblivion."
Scientists have previously captured images of debris breaking free of a comet, but the new Hubble observations are notable because they followed the comet long enough to show the "evolution of the fragments over time," Harold Weaver, a research professor of physics and astronomy at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland, and an author on the new paper, said in the statement.
Comet 332P may not be long for this world (at least on the scale of a typical comet lifetime). The authors of the new paper estimate that another 25 outbursts will break the comet's nucleus apart completely.
"If the comet has an episode every six years, the equivalent of one orbit around the sun, then it will be gone in 150 years," Jewitt said. "It's the blink of an eye, astronomically speaking. The trip to the inner solar system has doomed it."
Now that the smoke has died down surrounding the incident, Elon Musk’s company has announced a new timeframe for launching another rocket.
“We’re anticipating getting back to flight, being down for about three months, and then back to flight in November, the November timeframe,” said Gwynne Shotwell, SpaceX’s president at a meeting for World Satellite Business Week in Paris yesterday. “We’ll launch on the east coast from pad 39A in that timeframe, and then Vandenberg will be available for our customers.”
While it is unclear which SpaceX rocket will be launched in two months, we do know it won’t be taking place at Cape Canaveral where the explosion occurred.
Instead, the launch site will be pad 39A, which is located at the Kennedy Space Center.
As technology improves, the possibility that our world may be a simulated one is becoming more and more probable, argues Universe Today founder Fraser Cain. But can we ever prove that we live in a simulation of a reality?
A simulation of the impact a cosmic ray has on entering the atmosphere
(credit: AIRES package/Chicago University)
RED PILL OR BLUE?
All the world’s a stage. Or is it a simulation?
The idea that what we consider reality is actually a simulation was first proposed by scientistNick Bostrom, and it is frequently addressed in fiction (e.g., “The Matrix” trilogy) and by innovators and educators such as Elon Musk, who brought up the topic at the 2016 Code Conference.
Those who believe that we live in a simulation often cite Bostrom’s argument regarding what he calls ancestor simulations. “One thing that later generations might do with their super-powerful computers is run detailed simulations of their forebears or of people like their forebears,” write Bostrom. “Because their computers would be so powerful, they could run a great many such simulations.”
That prediction is becoming more and more a possible reality. Today’s computers are powerful enough to simulate things that we never witnessed, such as the Big Bang or the creation of the planets. Currently, scientific simulations seem to be better, though, with large-scale situations.
But will we ever know for sure if we live in a simulation?
Getty Images
CRACKING THE CODE
According to Fraser Cain from Universe Today, there is one way to find out, and that is to detect tricks that the simulation uses to approximate a reality that it can never copy exactly. A computer in a simulation will not have the same processing power as the computer that’s running the simulation, Cain explains, so there will be inconsistencies or tell-tale signs, perhaps glitches, that reveal the underlying grid on which our world or universe runs.
Computer model of the Milky Way and its smaller neighbor, the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy.
Image by Tollerud, Purcell and Bullock/UC Irvine
A team of scientists from the University of Washington, for example, believe that we can detect the resolution that our simulated world is running on by observing the energy limitations of ultra-high cosmic rays in the universe.
At this point, Cain argues, we can’t really tell, sort of like with the Kantian phenomenon/noumenon dichotomy. We’ll just have to “live our lives as if we’re real, until better evidence comes along, or our simulations get so good, their inhabitants start questioning their own existence,” says Cain.
Or maybe until someone offers you the red pill. If they did, would you take it?
The Kardashev Scale Type 0: Why Earth is a Level Zero Civilization
The Kardashev Scale Type 0: Why Earth is a Level Zero Civilization
123megapixel
To measure the level of a civilization’s advancement, the Kardashev scale focuses on the amount of energy that a civilization is able to utilize. Notably, the amount of power available to a civilization is fundamentally linked to how widespread the civilization is (you obviously can’t harness the power of a star if you are confined to your home planet). In a previous article, we offered an overview of the various civilization types, Subglobal Cultures, Galactic Cultures, Multiverse Cultures etc.
Today, I want to talk about what it would be like to live in a Type 0 Civilization—A Subglobal Culture.
This might seem like a rather strange topic for discussion. After all, we are a subglobal culture. So couldn’t I just say, “What you are doing right now is living in a subglobal culture. Congratulations. Look out your window or something.” Wouldn’t that give you a much better understanding of this civilization type than any explanation that I could give? No.
UNDERSTANDING OUR WORLD
Based on our energy use, in 1973 astronomer Carl Sagan estimated that Earth represented a Type 0.7 civilization, more current assessments put us at about 0.72. What does this mean? We’ve had 4.5 billion years and we still haven’t made it to a Type 1 civilization.
So there’s a lot more to a Type 0 civilization than simply what you see when you look out your window. What about what came before? And what will come next?
On our own planet, at the lowest civilization type (Type 0.1) you would be a proto-human. You would use sticks and other basic tools to hunt and forage for your food. You probably wouldn’t wear any clothes. Many of your fellow proto-humans would be eaten by proto-lions (which would not be terribly pleasant, I’m afraid).
Civilized man: We’re still working on it… (See a larger image here)
However, as an individual in a proto-society, you’d have to fight to earn mating rights, protect your hunting territories, and establish leadership through a strength based dominance hierarchy…so your fellows getting eaten by proto-lions might actually work to your advantage. Warm showers would (of course) be out of the question. You’d have to rely entirely on natural resources such as hot springs, fires set by lightning, and your own muscle power.
But eventually a proto-human in your proto-society would start carving stones into tools. Thus, your little world would evolve into the Stone Age (how exciting for you!).
Proto-technology at its best (Author Unknown)
At this point, as you move to a Type 0.2 civilization and beyond, you figure out how to manipulate fire and use it to your advantage (like making roasted proto-lion). You also start wearing clothing and other items that protect you from the natural environment. Eventually, you harness animals and use them to herd and transport material (proto-Lassie and proto-Mister Ed).
You might use smoke signals to communicate to distant tribes as you expand across the planet. And so you would slowly evolve from relying on natural forms of energy to manipulating resources for use.
An advanced civilization = having an advanced way of killing other civilizations
As your culture continues to develop, you will begin metalworking. But moving from the Stone Age into the Metal Ages takes time…a lot of time (the Stone Age on Earth lasted some 3.4 million years). But eventually you’ll stop using those ruddy stones, and you’ll progress through the Copper, Bronze, and Iron Ages, where metal tools replace previous devices (and you make swords to stab your enemies, which will be of great assistance as you continue to fight to earn mating rights, protect hunting territories, and establish leadership through an economic based dominance hierarchy). Better fuels, such as coal or oil secured from local tar pits, will replace wood in campfires (just be careful with your herds around those tar pits; if one of your animals slips in, it probably won’t be seen again until some bloody scientist from a Type 0.7 civilization unearths it in a few millennia).
As you form into a more advanced community, you develop large structures that allow you to harness water power and wind power. Populations around rivers and other water systems surge and cities begin to truly develop (which makes plague spreading a snap and sewage removal a serious problem). Assuming your civilization isn’t wiped out by dysentery (it’s caused by fecal contamination of food and water), you will plateau here for a bit, at about Type 0.4.
The large structures created to harness wind and water energy are really only capable of producing a tiny amount of energy. So slowly, ever so slowly, you transition into widespread use of fossil fuel burning. And as we all know, a tiny bit of oil or natural gas goes a long way: Cue the industrial revolution!
Of course, steam and electricity are soon to follow.
Once you have electricity, your subglobal culture will evolve at an amazing rate. With electricity comes the advent of instantaneous global communication systems, amazingly fast transportation systems (which enable people to traverse the planet on a whim), global markets and planetary trade activities…and the dawn of a global culture is at hand.
At this level, you begin to truly understand the processes that create the planet and cosmos (your archaeologists delve into the deep recesses of tar pits and learn much about the herding practices of your ancestors). Nuclear energy is soon to follow and, as the energy released by nuclear fission is a million times greater than that released in chemical reactions, it fuels industry and technology even further, bringing society ever closer to breaching the bounds of the planet.
AND HERE WE HAVE THE MAJOR TEST
via Wikimedia Commons
Nuclear energy isn’t all fun and games. Sure, you can use it to power cities and expand world markets. But you can also use it to obliterate your enemies (and much of the planet in the process) as you continue to fight to earn mating rights, protect hunting territories, and establish leadership through an economic based dominance hierarchy.
If you pass the test, you will harness the power of your planet and advance to a Type 1 civilization—a united global society that is capable of harnessing all the solar energy that reaches your world, manipulating planetary weather systems, and you’ll start to pull energy from other objects in the cosmos. If you fail, you will quite literally bomb your society back into the Stone Age (assuming, of course, that you don’t completely obliterate every living member of your civilization).
Scientists Are Sending A Tiny Satellite Propelled By Water To Orbit The Moon
Scientists Are Sending A Tiny Satellite Propelled By Water To Orbit The Moon
Kyle Doyle/Provided A rendering of the Cislunar Explorers CubeSat separating after deployment.
University of Michigan
IN BRIEF
A team from Cornell is out to prove that water is all you need to send an aircraft flying in space. They will attempt to send a CubeSat, a tiny satellite no bigger than a cereal box, to orbit the moon.
EYES ON THE PRIZE
Say ‘hello’ to a new way to travel the solar system.
As part of the Cube Quest Challenge, sponsored by NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate Centennial Challenge Program, students from Cornell are attempting to be the first to send a CubeSat to orbit the moon. Even more impressive is that they’re powering the spacecraft using only water.
Cornell’s CubeSat model Credit: Cislunar Explorers
A CubeSat is a tiny satellite about the size of a cereal box, and weighs approximately 1.3 kg. It is usually made out of off-the-shelf electronic materials only.
The Cornell team, known as the Cislunar Explorers, is mentored by Mason Peck, a former NASA official and now an associate professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at Cornell. The team will win $5.5 million if they conquer the NASA-sponsored challenge, which is: designing, building and delivering flight-worthy, small satellites capable of advanced operations near and beyond the moon, as mentioned in the Cornell Chronicle.
GOALS BEYOND WINNING
The Cislunar Explorers will still have a sense of satisfaction even if they don’t complete the challenge. In an interview with the Cornell Chronicle, Peck said, “Of course, we’d like to be the first CubeSat to orbit the moon, but even if we don’t, if we can successfully demonstrate that water is all you need to travel in space, we’ve gone a long way toward achieving some important goals.”
Water isn’t the only element necessary to the CubeSat’s success, though. It will also harness the sun’s energy to electrolyze the water in its tanks into hydrogen and oxygen gases, which will propel the aircraft forward through a series of timed combustion.
Aside from the challenge, Peck has been striving to make ‘massless’ space exploration a reality.
“A lot of the mass we send into orbit these days is in the form of rockets – the only way we get anything into space. But what if we could use what’s already there? If we could do that, if we could refuel spacecraft while they’re already in space, that means that we could go farther, probably faster, probably accomplish a lot more, and we wouldn’t rely on Earth for supplies.”
The apparent UFO sighting occurred at around 10am on Friday morning.
A self-confessed sceptic, Carole is aware there may well be an alternative explanation for the sighting, but remains baffled by what she saw.
Now a separate spotter has added fuel to the fire saying he, too, saw something in the sky he struggles to explain.
The man, who asked not to be named, says he was looking at the skyline above the V&A Museum on Tuesday afternoon when he spotted something “thin and oblong”.
He said: “I do a bit of bird watching so always carry a small pair of binoculars.
“I was looking towards the V&A when something caught my eye.
“I saw this very slow-moving object with white lights which were rotating round it.
“It looked as if it was flying from Fife towards Dundee.”
The spotter does not believe the object was either a plane or a drone, saying it was flying too high to be either.
“It had no distinguishing wings,” he said.
“It was a small thin oblong shape and it was definitely above the clouds.
“A jet flew past at the same time and it was lower down and left a vapour trail — this didn’t.
“It was a decent size.
“A drone I don’t think could go above the cloud base, so I don’t believe it was that.
“It disappeared and I stood for 20 minutes trying to catch sight of it again, but I didn’t see it again.”
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Montrose woman spots saucer-shaped UFO
Montrose woman spots saucer-shaped UFO
The mysterious object was spotted heading towards the beach. Image Credit: CC BY-SA 2.0 Gary Turner
Two witnesses described seeing a large circular craft flying above a Scottish beach on Friday morning.
Carole Coull and her husband first spotted the mysterious object from their home at around 10am.
"It definitely wasn't a plane, a helicopter or a hot-air balloon, so what else could it have been?" she said. "If it was just me then my husband would probably have said I was off my head, but he saw it too. It was all over in a minute, but it flew right towards the beach. Someone else must have seen it."
Grabbing her camera, Carole attempted to capture a photograph of the object but to her dismay the device malfunctioned despite having never been a problem before.
"There probably is an explanation for it, but it was the strangest thing I have ever seen," she said.
"As soon as I saw it I said it looks like a flying saucer - like something out of the movies."
As we push toward a space settlement future, some of the earliest safety questions will regard deadly radiation. How will people live safely in space for extended periods of time amidst the ocean of cosmic rays that surrounds our planet and permeates space beyond the protective bubble of Earth’s magnetosphere? What methods of protection will the people living and working in space colonies need, and how capable are we of providing those protections now?
Surprisingly, the question of radiation is a relatively short term one. It is thought that around six feet of soil or around two meters of water works as an effective radiation shield[1], and the citizens of a large scale space colony would have a great deal more mass than that between them and the invisible rays bombarding their home. The risk of radiation is one that the earliest pioneers would have to face: the asteroid miners, construction workers, and architects working and living in the orbital equivalent of pre-fab offices and living spaces.
Solar Radiation
A coronal mass ejection captured by the SOHO satellite
(Credits: NASA).
There are several kinds of radiation that threaten the early settlers of space. Solar radiation is the most common and is one of the easier threats to negate. The more problematic elements of solar radiation come from coronal mass ejections. These massive solar events happen fairly frequently, around once every five days. They see the Sun shudder off intense solar weather; this solar wind carries an incredible amount of charged particles that could be dangerous to any insufficiently shielded humans, or even computers, in space.
Astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS) have experienced these ejections countless times, and by and large they have been relatively uneventful. There is a procedure in place whereby astronauts are to retreat to heavily shielded areas of the ISS (such as the Discovery module, or the Zarya module), close the window shutters and wait out the solar storm. Similar tactics could be utilized by the builders and miners living in space – their short term homes could be constructed with a central radiation shelter, reinforced with crushed rocks and metals or a layer of water.
Cosmic Rays
Galactic cosmic rays are a wholly different story. Mysterious beams of charged particles from far off supernovae moving with more energy than those launched by the Large Hadron Collider, cosmic rays stand as one of the most severe barriers to orbital colonization. These charged particles are notoriously difficult to shield against and some shielding can actually increases the amount of radiation exposure[2]. It’s thought that exposure to these rays alone would increase an adult’s chance of lethal cancer by 10-17% over the span of 3 years[3].
Anything above the Van Allen Belts gets a lot of cosmic rays. Actually, a lot of cosmic rays penetrate the belts and even the atmosphere. For example, airline pilots can develop eye problems due to higher doses of cosmic rays at 30-40,000 feet. – Al Globus, National Space Society (NSS) Board Member
Interestingly, the spurts of increased solar weather brought on by coronal ejections may actually help protect ourhypothetical pioneers. Due to an observed, but not entirely understood effect known as a Forbush Decrease, coronal mass ejections seem to ‘deflect’ galactic cosmic rays that can provide a window of reduced exposure. This, combined with a series of mechanical and biological radiation protection could prove invaluable to the future workers of space.
The risks posed by these rays are not solely biological. Cosmic rays can cause EMP-like effects on electronics and cosmic rays are thought to have caused damage to the Voyager 2 probe in 2010. Cosmic rays and radiation can cause ‘soft errors’ in sensitive electronics, such as corrupted data, unusually CPU performance, and other issues. As transistors shrink in size, these issues are becoming a concern for ground-level electronics. Several solutions for these issues already exist, with most space-borne electronics being ‘rad-hardened’ to avoid many of the issues. Research is still ongoing, with more advanced concepts, such as Intel’s proposal for including a ‘Cosmic Ray Detector’ in future processors, which would resend commands when a cosmic ray is detected.
Solutions
These rays may seem unbeatable, but conventional shielding can reduce exposure significantly. Assuming construction of thicker radiation shielding is made a priority by any mining or construction mission, the threat becomes more manageable. The reason radiation is viewed as a roadblock to space exploration is not due to the impracticality of constructing effective material shielding, but due to the vast expense of launching the shielding itself, with launch costs around $10,000/lb ($4,545/kg), it just isn’t feasible to launch a ship with several tons of shielding. A construction crew could utilize in situ materials to construct far more effective shielding than it would ever be cost effective to launch from Earth.
A concept design of an actively shielded space craft utilizing high temperature superconductors
(Credits: NASA).
Finally, a more advanced form of radiation shielding could provide the perfect defense against both cosmic rays and solar radiation: electromagnetic shielding. Large superconducting magnets could, in theory, be attached to smaller colonies and project a powerful magnetic blanket over the exterior of the habitat, warding off a significant amount of radiation. This, combined with a layer of water or some other material shielding, would protect against almost any imagined assault by radiation. Active Shielding is currently being explored by many groups, such as NASA’s Innovative Advanced Concepts program, but, as Shayne Westover of the Johnson Space Center puts it – “The concept of shielding astronauts with magnetic fields has been studied for over 40 years, and it remains an intractable engineering problem. [But] superconducting magnet technology has made great strides in the last decade.”
Radiation and Space Colonies
Even with the material shielding and artificially generated magnetic fields, radiation creates a huge risk for any long term human presence in space. Stations and habitats of the future have been designed with this in mind, and have included large amounts of shielding in their engineering. Most design their central living spaces within a layer of rock and dirt, gathered from nearby asteroids or the lunar surface, providing the required 5-10 tons/m2 of mass required to simulate Earth’s protective atmosphere.
A cut away of Kalpana One. Note the central tube where the emergency radiation shelter would be housed
(Credits: NASA Ames Research Center).
Island Three, one of Gerard O’Neill’s designs, is angled as to ensure solar radiation has to pass through a large, shielded ‘cap’ before it reaches inside the colony, with large shielded mirrors tilted to provide sunlight to the inhabitants. In Kalpana One, a settlement designed by Al Globus of the NSS, colonists can take refuge inside a central swimming pool during extreme solar storms, taking advantage of the added protection provided by the water.
While the prohibitive issue of mass and launch costs stop any Earth-borne space mission from constructing the sorts of extensive radiation shielding discussed above, such restrictions would not apply to a colony or work camp constructed in space. Utilizing asteroids and lunar minerals to construct as much shielding as required to properly protect the workers and colonists is the ultimate construction solution.
Despite all of these options, radiation still poses a threat to humanity’s future in space. Many of the solutions rely on a small established presence in space to begin with, therefore the earliest workers will be taking a large risk in constructing these footholds. The threat of radiation is, however, a threat we can understand and overcome – the technology to do so already exists for the most part, the problem, once again, is financial.
Radiation even provides an additional reason why space colonization is so vital to our efforts as a species. With an established space colony, construction on a truly safe, deep space-faring ship would be trivial compared to building one on Earth. With no concerns for launch costs, the radiation shielding and safety measures would be unconstrained and future exploration of the solar system could be a much safer affair.
For an introduction to the Living in Space series click here.
[1] Water in this instance would prove a more effective shielding method, as the water can also be used for coolant
[2] For example, high atomic-number materials such as lead works very well against photons, but can produce body-harming X-Rays when interacting with beta particles.
[3] Based on an estimate from the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) on a manned mission to Mars (Radioactivity in the Environment (vol 7, p 894))
CITY FOUND 360 FEET BELOW MISSOURI CITY, GIANT HUMAN SKELETON FOUND
CITY FOUND 360 FEET BELOW MISSOURI CITY, GIANT HUMAN SKELETON FOUND
Coal miners in the city of Moberly, Missouri mining a shaft 360 feet deep, enter into a cavern finding “a wonderful buried city,” sources reported in 1885.
Incredible style masonry and artifacts have been identified. Including a stone fountain that flowed with “perfectly pure water”.
“Lying beside the fountain were parts of a human being and from measurement of the bones it concluded that when alive the figure was three times the size of an ordinary man“, according to the St Paul Daily Globe.
Over 1000 accounts of seven-foot and taller skeletons have reportedly been unearthed from ancient burial sites over a two-hundred-year period in North America.
Newspaper accounts, town and county histories, letters, scientific journals, diaries, photos and Smithsonian ethnology reports have carefully documented this.
These skeletons have been reported from coast to coast with strange anatomic anomalies such as double rows of teeth, jawbones so large as to be fit over the face of the finder, and elongated skulls, documented in virtually every state.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 73 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
