Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 12 YEARS AND 10 MONTHS.
ON 06/04/2024 MORE THAN 1.951.050
VISITORS FROM 134 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
07-02-2019
WVU researcher unearths an ice age in the African desert
WVU researcher unearths an ice age in the African desert
WVU's Graham Andrews' study of volcanic rocks in Namibia led to the discovery of drumlins, a type of hill often found in places once covered in glaciers.
While exploring the desert country in southern Africa, they stumbled upon a peculiar land formation—flat desert scattered with hundreds of long, steep hills. They quickly realized the bumpy landscape was shaped by drumlins, a type of hill often found in places once covered in glaciers, an abnormal characteristic for desert landscapes.
Drumlins, hills formed in places once covered by glaciers, were discovered in Namibia by WVU's Graham Andrews.
Credit: WVU
“We quickly realized what we were looking at because we both grew up in areas of the world that had been under glaciers, me in Northern Ireland and Sarah in northern Illinois,” said Andrews, an assistant professor of geology. “It’s not like anything we see in West Virginia where we’re used to flat areas and then gorges and steep-sided valleys down into hollows.”
After returning home from the trip, Andrews began researching the origins of the Namibian drumlins, only to learn they had never been studied.
“The last rocks we were shown on the trip are from a time period when southern Africa was covered by ice,” Andrews said. “People obviously knew that part of the world had been covered in ice at one time, but no one had ever mentioned anything about how the drumlins formed or that they were even there at all.”
Andrews teamed up with WVU geology senior Andy McGrady to use morphometrics, or measurements of shapes, to determine if the drumlins showed any patterns that would reflect regular behaviors as the ice carved them.
While normal glaciers have sequential patterns of growing and melting, they do not move much, Andrews explained. However, they determined that the drumlins featured large grooves, which showed that the ice had to be moving at a fast pace to carve the grooves.
These grooves demonstrated the first evidence of an ice stream in southern Africa in the late Paleozoic Age, which occurred about 300 million years ago.
Andrew McGrady.
Credit: WVU
“The ice carved big, long grooves in the rock as it moved,” Andrews said. “It wasn’t just that there was ice there, but there was an ice stream. It was an area where the ice was really moving fast.”
McGrady used freely available information from Google Earth and Google Maps to measure their length, width and height.
“This work is very important because not much has been published on these glacial features in Namibia,” said McGrady, a senior geology student from Hamlin. “It’s interesting to think that this was pioneer work in a sense, that this is one of the first papers to cover the characteristics of these features and gives some insight into how they were formed.”
Their findings also confirm that southern Africa was located over the South Pole during this period.
“These features provide yet another tie between southern Africa and south America to show they were once joined,” Andrews said.
“This is a great example of a fundamental discovery and new insights into the climatic history of our world that remain to be discovered,” said Tim Carr, chair of the Department of Geology and Geography.
IJstijd blootgelegd in de Afrikaanse woestijn. Onderzoekers doen onverwachte ontdekking
IJstijd blootgelegd in de Afrikaanse woestijn. Onderzoekers doen onverwachte ontdekking
Geologen Graham Andrews en Sarah Brown van de West Virginia University hebben in Namibië een onverwachte ontdekking gedaan.
Terwijl ze rondliepen in het woestijnachtige land in het zuiden van Afrika stuitten ze op een vreemde formatie in het landschap: honderden langgerekte, steile heuvels.
Ze beseften al snel dat het drumlins waren, heuvels die gevormd zijn door gletsjers.
Nooit eerder
“We herkenden ze gelijk omdat we zelf zijn opgegroeid in gebieden die onder gletsjers hebben gelegen,” zei Andrews.
Eenmaal thuisgekomen besloot Andrews onderzoek te doen naar de oorsprong van de Namibische drumlins.
Hij kwam er al snel achter dat ze nog nooit eerder waren bestudeerd.
Bedekt met ijs
“De stukken steen die we te zien kregen tijdens de trip dateren uit een periode waarin het zuiden van Afrika was bedekt met ijs,” zei Andrews.
Niemand heeft ooit iets geschreven over de manier waarop de drumlins zijn gevormd of het feit dat ze zich daar bevinden, aldus de geoloog.
IJsstroom
Aan de hand van metingen wisten Andrews en zijn collega Andy McGrady vast te stellen dat het ijs zich in rap tempo moet hebben verplaatst. Ze spreken van een ijsstroom.
McGrady gebruikte Google Earth en Google Maps om de lengte, breedte en hoogte van de drumlins te bepalen.
Het onderzoek is gepubliceerd in het wetenschappelijke tijdschrift PLOS ONE.
Two years ago, the Central Intelligence Agency declassified and released more than 12 million files as part of its new online CIA Records Search Tool, or CREST. Since then, journalists and sleuths have been poring over the documents in search of any new information or clues to some of the longstanding mysteries surrounding the CIA and some of the spookier stuffthe intelligence agency has gotten into over the years.
Already, strange files have been discovered among the millions of documents which shed some light on the CIA’s research into paranormal phenomena including a whole trove of UFO reports and documents pertaining to so-called “remote viewing” in which agents could be trained as telepathic spies. It may be a shocker, but that one didn’t exactly pan out – at least according to what’s been made public.
In 1978, the CIA established the Stargate Project to test how viable it would be to attempt to train spies to psychically “see” events, sites, or information from a great distance.
However, two curious and unexplained images were posted online this week which could be further evidence that the CIA’s remote viewing projects may be more extensive than we know of. The images were brought to light by non-profit watchdog site MuckRock which “brings together journalists, researchers, activists, and regular citizens to request, analyze, and share government documents.” MuckRock volunteers are currently sifting through the CIA’s CREST files in search of interesting evidence, and they’ve certainly found it in these images.
The images were found in a file from 1971 titled “PICTURE OF A MAN” and appear to depict the silhouettes of two individuals wearing suits. The silhouettes are composed of visual noise, almost like television static, and have empty voids where their faces should be. By far, the most curious aspect of the pictures are the two numbers emblazoned across the individuals’ torsos. One bears the number “1569” while the other figure, a mirror image of the first, sports the number “1572.”
CIA shadow man 1569
It’s unknown what the numbers may mean or what these images may have been used for. Why would the CIA have made and archived these images? Who, or what, do these pictures depict? Given the CIA’s history with MKULTRA and the Stargate Project and the like, there’s no telling what high strangeness these images were intended for. For now, this one remains a mystery – a creepy one.
Experts baffled by mysterious creature discovered in Kiwi's kitchen
Experts baffled by mysterious creature discovered in Kiwi's kitchen
An Auckland man and experts have been left baffled after his mother discovered alien-like looking creatures on her kitchen floor. / Supplied by Tim Clerke
NZ Herald
An Auckland man and experts have been left baffled after his mother discovered alien-like looking creatures on her kitchen floor.
On Facebook Tim Clerke shared a video on Facebook of the bizarre creatures on his mum's hands, asking if people knew what they were.
"My mother found these on the kitchen floor this morning," he wrote.
"One is still alive. Anyone know what they are? Nikki is horrified and will have nightmares for weeks!"
Many of Facebook speculated what the creatures could be, while others were freaked out by the video.
"Those are miniature bats. Duh," one person wrote.
"I was thinking more alien," Clerke replied.
Another guessed: "Ew gross mutant mice??"
"Arghh, they're horrible!! Kind of stingray-like," another suggested.
"What the ...!!!! That is like a horror movie!", one person said in disbelief.
Despite the video having over 3000 views, Facebook users could not identify what the animals were, even experts couldn't come to a conclusive decision.
Experts contacted by Yahoo7 News at University of Sydney and the Australian Museum could not identify the creature, however experts in New Zealand had differing opinions.
An Auckland man and experts have been left baffled after his mother discovered alien-like looking creatures on her kitchen floor. Photo / Tim Clerke Facebook
The Biosecurity New Zealand entomology team suggested the video showed the detached legs of a moth.
"They suggest that something [possibly a cat] had just recently eaten the body of the moth, which may explain why a few of the legs were still twitching," a spokesperson told Yahoo!7.
However, the Department of Conservation has other ideas.
Eric Edwards who is an insect expert, said it was possible the unknown specimens could be a rat-tailed maggots but he wasn't entirely sure.
The true identity of the animals is yet to be confirmed.
The creatures were found crawling on a kitchen floor in Auckland, New Zealand
Humans have long expressed a mixture of fascination and fear around the question, “Were there giants on Earth?” Whether in legends or life, giants have been worshipped, reviled, ostracized, and celebrated. While the existence of dinosaurs is largely accepted, and millions of people travel across continents to marvel at majestic, larger than life monuments, the facts about human giants, or giant races, are much debated. Regardless of whether they are dismissed as myth or accepted as fact, giants represent important aspects of our individual and collective psyche. They capture our imagination, appear in religious texts, and drive scientific endeavor. But the question still remains —did giants once roam the earth?
WHAT ARE GIANTS? A BRIEF LOOK AT GIGANTISM
Merriam-Webster defines a giant as being a “legendary humanlike being of great stature and strength,” as well as “a living being of great size.” In physical terms, a giant is a person over seven feet tall with a condition known as “gigantism.” The tallest person documented modern history was Robert Wadlow (1918-1940), known as the “Alton Giant,” or the “Giant of Illinois,” who stood 8 feet 11 inches tall.
Robert Wadlow, the Alton Giant
Wadlow intended to study law, but lived as a celebrity after traveling with the Ringling Brothers Circus and as a spokesman for giant-sized shoes. He died at a young age, an all too common end for those with gigantism — their weight and size puts constant strain on the heart and skeletal system.
Today genetic giants are gaining acceptance because overall, humans have evolved into a taller species. According to Max Roser, an economist studying global standards of living conditions, between 1810 and 1980 European male height grew from an average of 160 centimeters to 185 centimeters. But despite this acceptance, giants can still find life in a normal-sized world stressful and lonely, and like Wadlow, are treated as an oddity. This contradiction mirrors the way in which giant races have been regarded throughout history.
EVIDENCE OF GIANTS: DISCOVERED, DISREGARDED, AND DISCARDED
In the mid-1800’s, a flurry of activity emerged across North America in the fields of archeology and anthropology, triggered in part by the discovery of the Chickasawba tribal burial mounds of Oklahoma, in which were found human bones seven feet and longer in length. In fact, during the years ranging from the late 1800’s all the way to the 1990s, over 1000 reports of giant-sized human skeleton remains were found across North America. These stories were met by the general public with curiosity and an increased appetite for the possibility that giants once roamed the country.
In the United States, this period of archeological discovery took place during the Manifest Destiny period, which began in 1845 and was highlighted by rapid and aggressive territorial growth. A Puritan-led religious fervor fueled expansion across the West; Native Americans were looked upon as heathens, to be converted, civilized, or eliminated. Discoveries of ancient, pre-New World giant races directly contradicted the Manifest Destiny’s ideals of white racial, religious, and ethnic superiority; it was common for giant skeletal remains to be confiscated and destroyed.
According to Richard Dewhurst, author of “The Ancient Giants Who Ruled America,” The Smithsonian Institute, then in its early stages of establishment, administered the Manifest Destiny philosophy through the Powell Doctrine, named after John Wesley Powell, the first bureau head of the Smithsonian Department of Ethnology. The doctrine reflected the isolationist mindset of the times and mandated that no archeological or anthropological research would include mention of ancient tribal cultures. Despite the documented existence of ethnology reports stating that the Smithsonian was in possession of giant human remains, none can be found today.
But what else might have contributed to these attitudes and actions surrounding proof of giants on Earth? Was it megalophobia, the psychological fear of large objects or people, or something deeper that has been present since the time of ancient cultures?
LEGEND OF GIANTS AROUND THE WORLD
Ancient traditions overflow with legends of giants — St. Christopher, Goliath, the Nephilim, Gilgamesh, Viracocha, Sasquatch, and more, across continents, languages, and landscapes. Old Testament accounts of the Nephilim, a biblical race of giants and demigods, stated that they were so large they made the Israelites feel like, “Grasshoppers in our own eyes, and we looked the same to them.” (Numbers 13: 28-33). The Paiute myth of Si-Te-Cah, is a tale of a giant tribe of cannibals who were eventually destroyed by their maker. This is similar to the myth of the first people created by Viracocha, the ancient Inca god, who he destroyed because of their uncontrollable and unruly behavior.
Carol Rose, author of Giants, Monsters, and Dragons: An Encyclopedia of Folklore, Legend, and Myth, writes that giants “exist beyond the realm of human order and had to be controlled, banished, or defeated,” and were considered “destructive entities.” Natural disasters were associated with mythical giants, who were also thought of as terrifying hybrids and mutations representing the darker side of our psyche.
Elusive proof of giants remains a compelling narrative fueling controversy and connecting us to aspects of Earth’s past. As more is discovered through scientific advancements with DNA and forensics, we can anticipate these conversations continuing now and into the future.
Bewijs voor reuzen op aarde weggemoffeld. Waar waren ze zo bang voor?
Bewijs voor reuzen op aarde weggemoffeld. Waar waren ze zo bang voor?
Leefden er ooit reuzen op aarde? Halverwege de 19e eeuw zorgden archeologische vondsten in Oklahoma voor consternatie.
In de Chickasawba Mound, die het Smithsonian-instituut de naam 3M55 heeft gegeven, werden menselijke skeletten gevonden die minstens 2,1 meter lang waren.
Tussen het einde van de 19e eeuw en de jaren negentig kwamen in heel Noord-Amerika ruim 1000 meldingen binnen van reuzenskeletten.
Manifest Destiny
Foto: 2,1 meter lang skelet zonder onderbenen
(Jeffrey Wilson)
In die tijd werden inheemse Amerikanen gezien als heidenen, die bekeerd of uitgeroeid moesten worden.
De Democratische Partij geloofde dat het lot de Verenigde Staten had voorbeschikt om uit te groeien tot een grote mogendheid. Deze stroming wordt ook wel Manifest Destiny genoemd.
De stroming heeft bijgedragen aan de Spaans-Amerikaanse oorlog en de verdrijving van de indianen.
Haaks
De ontdekking van een oud reuzenras dat leefde voor de komst van de eerste ontdekkingsreizigers stond haaks op alles waar Manifest Destiny voor stond: blanke, religieuze en etnische superioriteit.
Om die reden werden de reuzenskeletten in beslag genomen en vernietigd.
Volgens Richard Dewhurst, auteur van ‘The Ancient Giants Who Ruled America’, was het Smithsonian-instituut een fervent aanhanger van de stroming.
Nephilim
Hoewel er volgens krantenberichten talloze reuzenskeletten zijn gevonden, die vervolgens zouden zijn onderzocht door het Smithsonian, zijn ze vandaag de dag nergens meer te bekennen.
Oude geschriften staan vol met verhalen over reuzen. In het Oude Testament wordt gesproken over Nephilim, die zo lang waren dat de Israëlieten ‘in hun ogen sprinkhanen waren’.
“Wij hebben ook daar de reuzen gezien, de kinderen van Enak, van de reuzen; en wij waren als sprinkhanen in onze ogen, alzo waren wij ook in hun ogen.” – Numeri 13:33
Onderzoek naar één van de grootste mysteries uit Russische geschiedenis heropend. Wat gebeurde er in de Djatlovpas?
Foto: Dominikmatus Wikimedia Commons
Onderzoek naar één van de grootste mysteries uit Russische geschiedenis heropend. Wat gebeurde er in de Djatlovpas?
Het onderzoek naar één van de grootste mysteries uit de Russische geschiedenis wordt heropend: het ongeluk in de Djatlovpas, waarbij negen mensen onder bizarre omstandigheden om het leven kwamen. Het incident wordt omgeven met complottheorieën.
Sommigen denken dat de skiërs zijn aangevallen door aliens of de verschrikkelijke sneeuwman. Anderen zeggen dat ze in een militair testgebied waren beland.
Op de Russische tv is binnenkort een nieuwe serie te zien over het mysterieuze incident.
Heropend
Daarnaast heeft de Russische openbaar aanklager Andrej Koerjanov gezegd dat het onderzoek naar het ongeluk is heropend.
Er worden maar liefst 75 theorieën bestudeerd in de hoop de zaak na 60 jaar definitief te sluiten.
In 1959 reisden 10 skiërs (acht mannen en twee vrouwen) af naar de Dode Berg in het noordelijke deel van de Oeral.
Honderden meters
Slechts één persoon kwam levend terug.
Enkele groepsleden werden honderden meters van het tentenkamp dood en bevroren aangetroffen in hun ondergoed.
Bij een ander groepslid ontbrak de tong.
Pas twee maanden na het incident werden de resterende skiërs gevonden onder een dikke laag sneeuw.
Zwaar toegetakeld
Ze droegen de kleren van de expeditieleden die eerder waren gevonden.
De kleding zou besmet zijn met radioactieve straling en daarnaast waren de lichamen zwaar toegetakeld.
Nabestaanden zeiden dat de haren en huid van sommige groepsleden een bizarre oranje en grijze kleur hadden, wat wijst op radioactieve besmetting.
Maandenlang afgesloten
De Djatlovpas werd maandenlang afgesloten door de autoriteiten.
Een andere groep skiërs die in de buurt was claimde vreemde lichten te hebben gezien in de lucht.
Om deze reden vergelijken veel Russen het ongeluk met het Roswellincident in de Verenigde Staten in de jaren veertig.
Als we ervan uit gaan dat buitenaards leven bestaat en dat de aarde door hen wordt bezocht, dan is het logisch om aan te nemen dat ze ook op de maan zijn geweest.
En de recente ontdekking van een intact ruimteschip doet onmiddellijk weer denken aan de buitenaardse vrouw die tijdens de Apollo missies werd gevonden op de maan.
Alhoewel NASA haar uiterste best doet om zoveel mogelijk interessante informatie voor het grote publiek verborgen te houden, is er toch veel te vinden.
Je moet dan wel weten waar je moet zoeken en je moet ook weten waar je op moet letten. Iemand die daar in de loop der jaren een meester in is geworden is ufoloog Scott Waring. Als hij getrouwd is zal zijn vrouw waarschijnlijk niet echt blij met hem zijn, want de man schijnt niets anders te doen dan opnames van NASA doorspitten, op zoek naar juweeltjes.
Op één van de vele foto's die door NASA in de loop der jaren van het maanoppervlak zijn genomen, heeft Scott een vreemd object ontdekt in een krater.
De foto ziet er als volgt uit:
Zo op het eerste gezicht lijkt er niet zoveel bijzonders te zien in de rood omcirkelde krater. Totdat je wat verder inzoomt.
En dan begint zich iets af te tekenen dat hoe dan ook geen "natuurlijk object" is. Het is niet iets dat hoort bij het maanoppervlak, maar waar het wel veel op lijkt is een object zoals je die vroeger bij de Transformers tegenkwam.
En zeker als je nog wat verder inzoomt op het object op de maan, dan zie je dat het waarschijnlijk een ruimteschip is wat zich daar in die krater bevindt.
Een ruimteschip dat zich in opmerkelijk goede staat lijkt te bevinden.
Het zou ook niet het eerste ruimteschip zijn dat is gestand op de maan. Er is natuurlijk ook het verhaal van de geheime Apollo 20 missie, waarvan door officiële kanalen uiteraard wordt gezegd dat het een hoax is, maar gezien bovenstaande is dat helemaal niet zo zeker.
We hebben over die geheime missie eerder het volgende geschreven. Kijk en oordeel zelf of het een hoax is, of misschien toch de waarheid.
Het verhaal is afkomstig van een man die beweert dat hij meegeweest is op een speciale NASA missie: William Rutledge, gepensioneerd en woont nu in Afrika. Hij kwam naarvoren met een aantal verbazingwekkende feiten over zijn betrokkenheid bij NASA aan het eind van de jaren '70.
Rutledge claimt dat hij op tenminste twee missies naar de Maan is geweest, inclusief de mislukte Apollo 19 en de Apollo 20 missie, die naar hij zegt werd gelanceerd in augustus 1976 vanaf de VandenBerg luchtmachtbasis. Deze beide missies waren “geheime gezamenlijke ruimtemissies”, uitgevoerd door de Amerikanen en de Russen. Je vindt ze niet terug op de lijst van officiële missies en als het verhaal waar is, is daar een goede reden voor.
Het doel van deze missies was het onderzoeken van een groot object aan de achterkant van de maan in de Delporte_Iszak regio. Het was voor het eerst ontdekt door de Apollo 15 missie. Het lijkt op een neergestort gigantisch ruimteschip uit oude tijden. Op de volgende foto krijg je ongeveer een idee hoe groot het is:
Rutledge zegt dat hij samen met de Russische astronaut Lexei Leonov landde in een door Rusland gemaakte Lunar Module vlakbij het ruimteschip en dat ze daadwerkelijk naarbinnen gingen. Er werden voorwerpen ontdekt en meegenomen, inclusief twee lichamen van de “piloten”. Eén daarvan was in een verrassend goede conditie en bleek een vrouw te zijn. Deze vrouw heeft de naam “Mona Lisa” gekregen.
Zoals Rutledge vertelt:
“We gingen het grote ruimteschip binnen en ook in een kleinere met een driehoekige vorm (naast het grote schip was vlakbij ook nog een kleinere ontdekt). Het was een moederschip, heel erg oud, dat waarschijnlijk meer dan een miljard jaar geleden door het universum kruiste. Er waren veel aanwijzingen binnenin het schip over biologie, oude overblijfselen van een begroeiing in een “machinekamer”, speciale rotsen waar geelachtige vloeibare “tranen” uitkwamen die helende eigenschappen bezaten en natuurlijk de overblijfselen van wezens.
We vonden overblijfselen van kleine lichamen van ongeveer 10 centimeter groot die leefden in een netwerk van tubes door het hele schip, maar de grootste ontdekking was de twee lichamen, waarvan één helemaal intact.
Ik kan mij niet meer herinneren wie de naam voor de vrouw heeft bedacht, Leonov of ik. Het was een compleet intact humanoïde wezen, 1 meter 65 groot, met genitaliën, haar en zes vingers. Dit was de piloot, een besturingsorgaan was vastgemaakt aan de vingers en de ogen, geen kleren, we moesten twee kabels doorsnijden die verbonden waren met de neus. Geen neusgat. Leonov maakte het apparaat van de ogen los en er kwam bloed of biovloeistof tevoorschijn dat bevroor bij de mond, neus, ogen en sommige lichaamsdelen. Bepaalde lichaamsdelen waren in een buitengewone goede conditie”. Bovenstaande is een stukje uit een interview met William Rutledge, voor het volledige interview in het Engels, klik hier.
A fascinating new colour map of the world's river systems has revealed the flowing arteries of the planet as never seen before.
The guide, created by analyst Robert Szucs, shows every river basin on the globe with a different colour and width depending on water depth
The design has been several months in the making, with the 31-year-old saying he was desperate 'to do justice' to a subject he loves.
Mr Szucs has produced several national maps but has now completed his first world design (pictured). Every river basin is represented by a different colour, which is contrasted with a dark, black background
This map shows the United States of America and reveals the flow of rivers across the country. Mr Szucs collects his data with painstaking patience, assembling information from a variety of government and non-government agencies. He has created a system whereby the thicker lines represent higher stream orders, meaning the tributaries will be much smaller than the main river itself
The Hungarian native has no previous artistic background but says he was inspired by the 'boring nature' of textbooks. The images (pictured left is the United Kingdom and right Africa) have proved so successful that Robert is earning a steady income from them, although he still finds it odd when people refer to him as 'an artist'
In each map every river basin is given a different colour and width depending on water depth. And then thicker lines represent higher stream orders - such as in this image of the United Kingdom. It's a long process but Mr Szucs is adamant it's worth it
Mr Szucs, a geographic information system (GIS) analyst by trade, has spent most of his working life studying the geography of different countries.
In recent years however he has experimented at turning geographical maps into beautiful pieces of art.
He has produced several national maps but has now completed his first world design.
The result is a striking image which shows the veins of the world in stunning and eye-catching detail.
Every river basin is represented by a different colour, which is contrasted with a dark, black background.
Mr Szucs collects his data with painstaking patience, assembling information from a variety of government and non-government agencies.
The Hungarian native has no previous artistic background but says he was inspired by the 'boring nature' of textbooks.
He has created a system whereby the thicker lines represent higher stream orders. It's a long process but Robert is adamant it's worth it.
Mr Szucs, who lives in Birmingham, said: 'I am inspired by a determination to do justice to the beauty of rivers.
'Most river maps you see, especially in textbooks, are rather dull, so if there are any textbook publishers out there they can feel free to reach out.
'Assembling the data is a slow and painful process and as a perfectionist, I'm never 100 per cent happy. However, I am really pleased with this one.'
Rivers in Europe are shown in this remarkable map including the Ebro in Spain (bottom left in dark blue) and the Seine in France (in light blue). Mr Szucs has made a number of specific maps to areas of the world
Mr Szucs comes from a science background, having completed an MSc in Geography, and now finds it strange to hear people refer to him as an artist. His work (including this map of Europe) can be bought online and printed on to a number of surfaces including canvas, paper, metal, wood and glass
The world map can be bought online with prices starting at just £7.90 for a downloadable HD image.
The picture can then be printed on to a number of surfaces including canvas, paper, metal, wood and glass.
Buyers receive a digital, ultra-high resolution image and are then free to do as they wish with it.
The images have proved so successful that Robert is earning a steady income from them, although he still finds it odd when people refer to him as 'an artist'.
Mr Szucs said: 'The response has been completely positive and unexpectedly huge. It's rare that a hobby project does so well but I'm now trying to make a living out of this, so I'm more than thankful.
'I came from a scientific background, having an MSc in Geography so people calling me an artist now is still quite strange even now.'
Waist deep in the Big Mars-y And the big fool says to push on
If folk singer Pete Seeger were alive today (and don’t we wish he were), he might pen an update to his classic “Waist Deep in the Big Muddy” to pay tribute to the news that a delta that might inspire similar folk or blues songs has been discovered far from Mississippi – on the surface of Mars.
It’ll be a little soggy but just keep slogging. We’ll soon be on dry ground.
In a joint press release by the European Space Agency (ESA) and Russia’s Roscosmos, a stunning panoramic photo (see it here) taken on November 16, 2018, by the Colour and Stereo Surface Imaging System (CaSSIS) on the ExoMars orbiter shows the Eberswalde crater delta in the southern hemisphere of Mars. The Roscosmos announcement almost waxed poetic (lyrics to a new song?) as it described the picture of a 31 km (19.25) wide swatch of the Martian surface.
This intricate structure of an ancient river delta once carried liquid water across the surface of Mars.
To best enjoy this image, produced with infrared and visible filters on the Colour and Stereo Surface Imaging System (CaSSIS) of the ESA-Roscosmos ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter, view through red/green ‘3D’ glasses. To create a stereo view like this, the orbiter’s camera uses a motor to rotate its telescope and take photos from different angles. The two views can be put together to make a three-dimensional view. Click here to see one of the pair of images that comprise the ‘stereo pair’.
The distinctive form of a delta arises from sediments that are deposited by a river as it enters slower-moving water, like a lake or a sea, for example. The Nile River delta is a classic example on Earth, and uncannily similar features have been spotted on Saturn’s moon Titan and – closer to home – Mars. While liquid water is no longer present on the surface of Mars, features in the left portion of this image provide strong evidence of it having played an important role in the history of the Red Planet. Furthermore, water-ice is still stable on the surface today, and a recent discovery from Mars Express detected a pocket of liquid water below the surface.
The 100-metre-thick fan-shaped deposit seen in this image is found in Eberswalde crater in the southern hemisphere of Mars (326.33ºE/23.55ºS). The image covers an area of 31 x 7.5 km and was taken on 16 November 2018.
While presented in beautiful aqueous blues and greens, the image is false-colour. The layered rocks that comprise the delta deposits are indicated in white/yellow to purple/blue. The yellow represents the presence of oxidised iron deposits, indicating that the rocks were altered by the presence of water, while the blues signify less altered materials. This suggests that the influence of liquid water reduced over time, perhaps relating to a change in environmental conditions.
After the deposition of the delta sediments in the crater’s ancient lake, fresher sediments – some perhaps deposited by wind – accumulated to cover up a major part of the delta and its connecting channels. These secondary sediments were later eroded in the delta, exposing an inverted relief of the structure that is observed today.
This particular delta was first observed by NASA's Mars Global Surveyor and has also been imaged by ESA’s Mars Express. It sits inside a 65 km wide impact basin called Eberswalde, which is almost completely buried by material ejected from the much larger and younger nearby Holden Crater.
Another example of a martian delta can be found in Jezero Crater, which was recently selected as the landing site for the NASA Mars 2020 rover. Meanwhile the ESA-Roscosmos ExoMars rover, also launching in 2020, will target the ancient, once water-rich plains of Oxia Planum. The ExoMars rover will drill down to two metres below the surface to search of clues for past life preserved underground.
ESA has been exploring Mars for more than 15 years, starting with Mars Express that arrived at the Red Planet at the end of 2003, and which continues to return results today. Meanwhile the Trace Gas Orbiterwill complete its first year of science investigations in April; it is sniffing the atmosphere to seek out the faint traces of gases that might be linked to active biological or geological process, and mapping the distribution of underground water-ice. It is also a data relay, providing essential communications infrastructure for current and future surface assets.
ESA and NASA are also preparing for the next stage of Mars exploration: returning a sample from the Red Planet. NASA’s 2020 rover is set to collect surface samples in small canisters that could later be retrieved by a second mission, and launched into Mars orbit. A third mission would rendezvous with the samples and return them to Earth, where they could be accessed by teams of scientists across the world.
Long-term planning is crucial to realise the missions that investigate fundamental science questions, and to ensure the continued development of innovative technology, inspiring new generations of European scientists and engineers.
Science is everywhere at ESA. As well as exploring the Universe and answering the big questions about our place in space we develop the satellites, rockets and technologies to get there. Science also helps us to care for our home planet. All this week we're highlighting different aspects of science at ESA. Join the conversation with #ScienceAtESA.
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“The layered rocks that make up the delta deposits are marked with white-yellow and purple-blue flowers. Yellow is the deposition of iron oxides, which indicates chemical changes due to exposure to water, blue is less modified deposits. The overall situation around the crater Eberswalde describes the smooth changes in the environment that occurred during times when the delta was still filled with water.”
If that doesn’t make you want to view it, the joint announcement points out that the photo is in 3D and recommends staring intently through 3D red-and-blue glasses for the maximum mind-blowing effect. (Links to the hi-res photo for 3D viewing here.) The delta on the left side is about 100 meters (328 feet) thick and the release compares its shape to the Nile River delta on Earth – without the water, of course. However, water was definitely the cause of the delta, with the liquid running through it from an ancient lake that once covered part of the crater.
The Sergeant said, “Sir, are you sure, This is the best way back to the base?” “Sergeant, go on! I forded this river ‘Bout a mile above this place.
This is not the first image taken of the Eberswalde crater delta – it was discovered in September 2011 by the ESA Mars Expressorbiter. These deltas are rare on Mars and – because of their obvious water-logged past – are attractive places to consider landing future missions and possibly building bases. A delta in the Jezero Crater is the targeted landing site for the NASA Mars 2020 rover and another in the Oxia Planum will be the landing site of the 2020 ESA-Roscosmos ExoMars rover mission.
Looks too deep from here, Big Fool
What might happen when these rovers attempt to ford these ancient river deltas? Let’s hope the programmers listen to the advice of Pete Seeger and his experience on the Mississippi.
We stripped and dived and found his body Stuck in the old quicksand I guess he didn’t know that the water was deeper Than the place he’d once before been
Waist deep! Neck deep! Soon even a Tall man’ll be over his head, we’re Waist deep in the Big Mars-y And the big fool says to push on!
What is behind themystery boom phenomenonNorth America is currently experiencing? I’ve been tracking reports of these unexplained explosions for a few years now, and they are without a doubt on the rise as this week a startlingly high number of mystery booms were reported throughout North America. It began on January 31 when residents of three separate counties in Tennessee reportedhearing a loud boomaround 11:30 a.m. Local chemical plants were contacted but reported nothing anomalous. Authorities in Bradley, McInn, and Polk counties are still investigating what could have caused such a powerful noise.
That same day, local news in North Carolina reported that people in Wake and Franklin counties have been calling law enforcement agencies to report unexplained loud blasts and booms that keep them awake at night. Two homeowners even reported that the booms are so powerful that they have briefly lost power as a result of the tremors. So far, the Wake County Sheriff’s Office has been unable to pinpoint the source of the booms.
People in Cranston and Johnston, Rhode Island reported strange booms loud enough to shake their entire houses on February 2.
The next night on February 3, residents of Park Slope, Brooklyn heard a powerful anomalous boom and notified the NYPD and FDNY. While a manhole explosion was suspected in that case, neither agency could identify the cause of the explosion-like sound.
On February 4, local CBS affiliate 4WWL reported that people in Harahan and River Ridge, Louisiana have been hearing “strange cannon-like sounds” that wake them up at night. Residents say the sounds have been going on for weeks, and nobody seems to know what causes them. River Ridge resident Crystal Roddy told 4WWL that the sounds sound like “something is dropping and something big landed on the ground.” According to the report, Louisianians say the booms are becoming more frequent.
Today, February 5, Philadelphians are once again wonderingwhat could be causing mysterious explosions, this time a series of them. Philadelphia was rocked by a series of mystery booms exactly one week ago, and both incidents have yet to be explained.
Day after day, local news stations around the country publish reports which show an endless stream of terrifying, ground-shaking explosions powerful enough to shake houses, wake people up in the middle of the night, and generally terrify everyone who hears them. Why isn’t more attention being paid to the phenomenon? Could it be that officials are paying attention and merely not telling us about it? Cryoseisms or “frost quakes” have been suspected in some incidents in cold climates, but the booms have been heard in areas where temperatures don’t typically plunge low enough for the phenomenon – not to mention the fact that the booms are heard throughout the year. Could these anomalous sounds be sonic booms caused by undisclosed aircraft activity? Any guess is as good as any at this point.
Deep within the Earth, a fierce molten core is generating a magnetic field capable of defending our planet against devastating solar winds.
The protective field extends thousands of miles into space and its magnetism affects everything from global communication to animal migration and weather patterns.
But this magnetic field, so important to life on Earth, has weakened by 15 per cent over the last 200 years. And this, scientists claim, could be a sign that the Earth’s poles are about to flip.
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The Earth's protective field extends thousands of miles into space and its magnetism affects everything from global communication to animal migration and weather patterns
Experts believe we're currently overdue a flip, but they're unsure when this could occur.
If a switch happens, we would be exposed to solar winds capable of punching holes into the ozone layer.
The impact could be devastating for mankind, knocking out power grids, radically changing Earth’s climate and driving up rates of cancer.
‘This is serious business’, Richard Holme, Professor of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences at Liverpool University told MailOnline. ‘Imagine for a moment your electrical power supply was knocked out for a few months – very little works without electricity these days.’
The Earth's climate would change drastically. In fact, a recent Danish study believes global warming is directly related to the magnetic field rather than CO2 emissions.
The study claimed that the planet is experiencing a natural period of low cloud cover due to fewer cosmic rays entering the atmosphere.
Radiation at ground level would also increase, with some estimates suggesting overall exposure to cosmic radiation would double causing more deaths from cancer.
Researchers predict that in the event of a flip, every year a hundred thousand people would die from the increased levels of space radiation.
'Radiation could be 3-5 times greater than that from the man-made ozone holes. Furthermore, the ozone holes would be larger and longer-lived,' said Dr Colin Forsyth from the Mullard Space Science Laboratory at UCL.
The magnetosphere is a large area around the Earth produced by the planet's magnetic field. It presence means that charged particles of the solar wind are unable to cross the magnetic field lines and are deflected around the Earth
The magnetosphere is a large area around the Earth produced by the planet’s magnetic field. It presence means that charged particles of the solar wind are unable to cross the magnetic field lines and are deflected around the Earth.
Space agencies are now taking the threat seriously. In November, three spacecraft were launched as part of the SWARM mission to uncover how the Earth’s magnetic field is changing.
The mission plans to provide better maps of our planet's magnetic field and help scientists understand the impact of space weather on satellite communication and GPS.
‘Whilst we have a basic understanding of the interior of the Earth, there is much we still don’t know,’ said Dr Forsyth.
‘We do not fully understand how the Earth’s magnetic field is generated, why it is variable and the timescales of these variations.’
The mission will provide a current map of Earth’s magnetic field. But historic evidence of its decline has already been found in a surprising source – ancient pottery.
Scientists have discovered that ancient pots can act as a magnetic time capsule. This is because they contain an iron-based mineral called magnetite. When pots form, the magnetite minerals align with the Earth’s magnetic field, just like compass needles.
WHAT IS GEOMAGNETIC REVERSAL?
The Earth’s magnetic field is in a permanent state of change. Magnetic north drifts around and every few hundred thousand years the polarity flips so a compass would point south instead of north. The strength of the magnetic field also constantly changes and currently it is showing signs of significant weakening.
The Earth magnetic field is mainly generated in the very hot molten core of the planet. The magnetic field is basically a dipole (it has a North and a South Pole). Magnetic reversal or flip is the process by which the North Pole is transformed into the South and vice versa, typically following a considerable reduction in the strength of the magnetic field. However, weakening of the magnetic field does not always result in a reversal.
During a reversal, scientists expect to see more complicated field pattern at the Earth's surface, with perhaps more than one North and South Pole at any given time. The overall strength of the field, anywhere on the Earth, may be no more than a tenth of its strength now.
The Earth's magnetic field is generated in the very hot molten core of the planet. Scientists believe Mars used to have a magnetic field similar to that on Earth which protected its atmosphere
By examining pottery from prehistory to modern times, scientists have discovered just how dramatically the field has changed in the last few centuries.
They’ve found that Earth’s magnetic field is in a permanent state of flux. Magnetic north drifts and every few hundred thousand years the polarity flips so a compass would point south instead of north.
If the magnetic field continues to decline, over billions of years, Earth could end up like Mars - a once oceanic world that has become a dry, barren planet incapable of supporting life.
WHAT ARE THE DANGERS OF A MAGNETIC FLIP?
Life has existed on the Earth for billions of years, during which there have been many reversals.
There is no obvious correlation between animal extinctions and those reversals. Likewise, reversal patterns do not have any correlation with human development and evolution.
It appears that some animals, such as whales and some birds use Earth's magnetic field for migration and direction finding.
Since geomagnetic reversal takes a number of thousands of years, they could well adapt to the changing magnetic environment or develop different methods of navigation.
Radiation at ground level would increase, however, with some estimates suggesting that overall exposure to cosmic radiation would double causing more deaths from cancer. ‘But only slightly,’ said Professor Richard Holme.
‘And much less than lying on the beach in Florida for a day. So if it happened, the protection method would probably be to wear a big floppy hat.’
Electric grid collapse from severe solar storms is a major risk. As the magnetic field continues to weaken, scientists are highlighting the importance off-the grid energy systems using renewable energy sources to protect the Earth against a black out.
'The very highly charged particles can have a deleterious effect on the satellites and astronauts,' added Dr Mona Kessel, a Magnetosphere discipline scientist at Nasa.
In one area, there is evidence that a flip is already occurring. ‘The increasing strength of the South Atlantic anomaly, an area of weak field over Brazil, is already a problem,’ said Professor Richard Holme.
The Earth's climate could also change. A recent Danish study has found that the earth's weather has been significantly affected by the planet's magnetic field.
They claimed that fluctuations in the number of cosmic rays hitting the atmosphere directly alter the amount of cloud covering the planet.
Henrik Svensmark, a weather scientist at the Danish National Space Centre who led the team behind the research, believes that the planet is experiencing a natural period of low cloud cover due to fewer cosmic rays entering the atmosphere.
But scientists claim the rate of decline is too fast for the Earth’s core to simply burn out. Instead, the story told by ancient pottery suggests the Earth's poles could be about to undergo another flip.
According to the British Geological Survey, the Earth's magnetic field has on average four or five reversals in polarity every million years and we’re now overdue a similar event.
‘At the moment, we cannot accurately determine whether or not the Earth’s field is about to flip,’ said Dr Forsyth. ‘We have only been recording the Earth’s field for around 170 years; about 1-15 per cent of the time a flip is expected to take.’
If a flip occurs, it would cause the Earth’s magnetic shield to be weakened for thousands of years, opening up our defences and causing cosmic radiation to get through.
'We have a double layer defence shield,' said Jim Wild a space scientists at Lancaster University.
'Space is full of stuff that’s not great for biological tissue. If we didn’t have an atmosphere, that stuff would be hitting us. It’s the magnetic field protects atmosphere from the solar wind.'
Not all of the effects of a weak magnetic field will be bad. The much sought-after spectacle of an aurora would be visible every night all over the Earth as solar winds hit the atmosphere
‘Satellites flying over have far more problems than in other locations. Astrophysical satellite are just switched off in this location, but from my perspective, this isn’t much good if you want to study the Brazilian rainforest.’
'The very highly charged particles can have a deleterious effect on the satellites and astronauts,' added Dr Mona Kessel, a Magnetosphere discipline scientist at Nasa.
Scientists however, are quick to point out that while a magnetic flip could cause problems for mankind, the event won’t be a catastrophic.
‘We’ve had many reversals in the past, and haven’t been able to show that they had anything to do with, for example, mass extinctions,’ said Professor Holme.
And not all of the effects will be bad. The much sought-after spectacle of an aurora would be visible every night all over the Earth as solar winds hit the atmosphere.
There remains, however, much work yet to be done in understanding the properties of the deep Earth.
The Earth’s core is a hostile world where the crushing forces and temperatures, similar to that of the surface of the sun, take our scientific understanding and abilities to the limit.
'This isn't some crazy theory that might happen,' said Professor Wild. 'There is evidence, but we still need to do more science to understand the impact...I'm confident we can come up with a solution.'
WHAT IS THE SWARM MISSION?
Swarm is a ESA satellite mission which was launched on 22nd November 2013.
The mission consists of three identical satellites which will precisely measure the strength and direction of Earth's magnetic field. The new data will be processed by British Geological Survey to produce an accurate map of this field.
In order to best measure the field, the satellites will orbit in a unique configuration. Two satellites will fly side-by-side at height of 450 km, while the third satellite will fly at an altitude of 530 km.
The lower two satellites will allow very fine measurements of the magnetic field generated by the rocks in the Earth's crust, which are difficult to detect otherwise. The upper satellite will give a simultaneous measurement at a different location.
The classic children’s book image of the North Pole has it looking more like a barber pole – candy-cane red-and-white stripes with a bright ball on top. Those are also the colors of “Waldo of the ubiquitous Where’s Waldo series, that may be more than just a coincidence – a new announcement by NASA reveals that the magnetic North Pole has been on the move and is becoming exceeding difficult to find. The latest data actually has it moving towards Siberia. Should we also drop the search for Waldo and start watching for Yakov?
“Due to unplanned variations in the Arctic region, scientists have released a new model to more accurately represent the change of the magnetic field.”
The announcement comes from the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), a part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and carries the scary title: “World Magnetic Model Out-of-Cycle Release.” Out-of-cycle is never good news – whether it’s referring to reports, machines or ovulations. In this case, it refers to the World Magnetic Model, which is an official map of the Earth’s magnetic field created by the U.S. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) and the United Kingdom’s Defence Geographic Centre (DGC). It’s used by the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.K. Ministry of Defence, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and civilian organizations for navigation, attitude and heading referencing systems using the geomagnetic field. The model is produced at 5-year intervals, with the current model expiring on December 31, 2019.
(Wikipedia)
However …
The most famous element of the planet’s magnetic field – the magnetic North Pole which all compasses actually point to – has been moving unpredictably and inexplicably around the Northern Hemisphere for the past few years at speeds and increments so large that the NCEI decided not to wait until New Year’s Eve 2019 and instead issue an out-of-cycle state of the mag pole address. And what exactly IS its address these days? Well, what day is this? The pole is moving at a speed of up to 60 km (37 mi) per year towards Russia and has crossed the International Dateline into the Eastern Hemisphere. Beyond that, the formula is located somewhere deep inside the out-of-cycle release, while those in charge assure us that everything is now fine and your GPS won’t direct you over a cliff.
Except …
The out-of-cycle release was knocked even further out-of-cycle by the recent U.S. government shutdown, which the powers that be also assure us did not contribute to the problem.
Really? Then what is causing this mysterious pole migration anyway?
At the 2018 American Geophysical Union fall meeting, geophysicist Phil Livermore blamed it on an epic underground battle going on right now between a magnetic field in northern Canada and one in Siberia over the control of the magnetic pole. Canada is weakening and Siberia is winning, although he’s not really sure why. Nor does he say if this is linked to the prediction that the magnetic north and south poles are due to flip relatively (in terms of geology) soon. Good luck using your GPS when that happens (not for thousands of years, but it’s always good to be prepared, especially when dealing with government-related predictions).
Should we be worried about the on-the-move-to-parts-unknown-for-no-apparent-reason North Magnetic Pole? Geoff Reeves, a space scientist at Los Alamos National Lab, said this in National Geographic:
“We know that the pole now is moving faster than it has for decades, but how often does that happen in the long historical record? We don’t have any idea. What we know is what it’s doing now is different, and that’s always exciting scientifically.”
If you’re looking for Waldo, you might want to start at the bottom of a cliff, staring and swearing at his GPS.
"Leaked" footage of United Nations discussing giant UFO pyramid over the Pentagon, Feb 2019, video, UFO Sighting News.
"Leaked" footage of United Nations discussing giant UFO pyramid over the Pentagon, Feb 2019, video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: December 21, 2018 (4PM) Here is something mind-blowing. A speech was given by Aliya Prokofyeva in the United Nations building...yes its really at the United Nations. Its not faked. This is video taken at the United Nations podium. She gives witness testimony about a giant triangle UFO hovering over the Pentagon in Washington DC. Even thought the UN asked to not record...of course thats the time when you know something important is worth recording. So yes, its legit. What really is interesting here is that its a Russian woman, probably a spy that is releasing the information to the UN, not an American, not a US congressman or Senator or President...but a Russian! Scientists recently measured mysteriously repeating radio signals coming from a galaxy 1.5 billion light-years away. FRB 180814.J0422+73 was the signals name. The repeating signal was part of 13 fast radio bursts (FRBs) detected by a new telescope in Canada. This signal was the same signal received from the triangle UFO over the Pentagon. The meaning of the signal...still not divulged to the public...but must be very significant...maybe even a final warning before a cataclysmic event. Now hear me. Many will try to debunk and tell you that this video is a lie...but believe me...they base their words on optioning without a single fact to back them up. This...is 100% real. Scott C. Waring
In windmolens, zonnepanelen, batterijen en elektrische auto’s zitten metalen van vaak bedenkelijke herkomst. Om onze honger naar hernieuwbare energie te stillen, zullen we er veel meer van nodig hebben en Europa wil de handen zelf niet vuilmaken. 'We zijn naïef en hypocriet.'
Willen we de opwarming van het klimaat binnen de perken houden, dan moeten we tegen 2050 al onze elektriciteit klimaatneutraal opwekken. Daarvoor moet de hoeveelheid elektriciteit die we met zonnepanelen en windmolens opwekken volgens het volgens het Internationaal Energieagentschap (IEA) ongeveer vertwintigvoudigen.
De enorme aangroei van windmolens, zonnepanelen en elektrische voertuigen zal de vraag naar bekende en minder bekende metalen doen stijgen
Ook transport moet elektrisch. In 2017 kwamen iets meer dan een miljoen nieuwe elektrische auto’s op de weg, wat het totaal op ruim drie miljoen brengt. Ze worden steeds goedkoper. Experts schatten dat ze tussen 2020 en 2025 met de klassieke auto zullen wedijveren. Wetenschappers aan de Vrije Universiteit Brussel verwachten dat tegen 2030 een kwart van de wereldwijd verkochte auto’s hybride of volledig elektrisch rijdt, goed voor een kleine 140 miljoen nieuwe elektrische wagens per jaar.
Die enorme aangroei van windmolens, zonnepanelen en elektrische voertuigen zal de vraag naar bekende en minder bekende metalen doen stijgen. ‘Slagen we er niet in de stijgende behoefte aan metalen te dekken, dan kan dat stokken steken in de wielen van de energietransitie’, zegt Elmer Rietveld, ingenieur aan de Nederlandse Organisatie voor toegepast-natuurwetenschappelijk onderzoek (TNO).
De TNO identificeerde recent zeventien metalen die belangrijk zijn voor de energietransitie en waarvoor een ‘nooit geziene toename’ van de ontginning nodig is. Ook de Europese Commissie houdt nauwlettend een lijst bij met zogenoemde ‘kritieke grondstoffen’, waarvan de bevoorrading onzeker is. Voor sommige essentiële grondstoffen kan dat al tegen 2030 problematisch worden.
Volgens sommige schattingen moeten we tussen nu en 2025 jaarlijks een nieuwe lithiummijn openen om de vraag te kunnen volgen.
Dat is onder meer het geval voor lithium en kobalt, onderdelen van de populaire lithiumionbatterijen, en voor indium en zilver, nodig voor zonnepanelen. Ook de beschikbaarheid van neodymium, praseodymium en dysprosium kan een probleem vormen. Die zogenoemde zeldzame aarden zitten in magneten die cruciaal zijn in bepaalde types windmolens en in elektrische motoren. Een gemiddelde elektrische fiets bevat ongeveer 85 gram neodymium, een elektrische auto zo’n 800 gram.
We moeten rekenen op een forse toename van de vraag naar zulke grondstoffen. De Wereldbank verwacht dat de vraag naar batterijmetalen als nikkel, aluminium, lithium en kobalt tegen 2050 met meer dan 1000 procent zal toenemen, in een scenario waarin we de opwarming tot twee graden Celsius proberen te beperken. Volgens sommige schattingen moeten we tussen nu en 2025 jaarlijks een nieuwe lithiummijn openen om de vraag te kunnen volgen.Voor cruciale metalen in windmolens en zonnepanelen verwacht de Wereldbank ruwweg een verdubbeling van de vraag.
Niet zeldzaam, wel corrupt
Het probleem is niet zozeer dat de stoffen in kwestie schaars zijn. Als je enkel kijkt naar de voorraden die in de aardkorst aanwezig zijn, komen we voor de meeste elementen nog voor eeuwen toe. Zelfs de zeldzame aarden zijn, anders dan de naam doet vermoeden, helemaal niet zeldzaam. Wel zijn er niet zoveel ertsen die rijk genoeg zijn aan zeldzame aarden om ontginning economisch rendabel te maken.
Zeldzame aarden komen vaak samen voor met de radioactieve elementen thorium en uranium. De ontginning kan daardoor erg vervuilend zijn
Waarom zijn zoveel experts dan onzeker over de beschikbaarheid van kritische stoffen? Doorgaans heeft dat meer te maken met geopolitieke factoren dan met fysieke schaarste. De echte moeilijkheid is dat een aantal cruciale grondstoffen vooral uit politiek instabiele of corrupte landen komt. Uit een onderzoek van het International Institute of Sustainable Development (IISD) blijkt dat ongeveer 70 procent van de reserves aan kobalt, grafiet, molybdeen en seleen zich in staten bevindt die kwetsbaar zijn voor conflicten en politieke instabiliteit.
Bovendien zijn we voor sommige elementen afhankelijk van een beperkt aantal leveranciers. Zo’n 95 procent van de zeldzame aarden komt uit China, 65 procent van het kobalt komt uit Congo. Daar staan issues als mensenrechten en milieu doorgaans niet hoog op de agenda.
In Congo, ook een belangrijke leverancier van tantaal, tin, koper en goud, is de ontginning van kobalt gelinkt met uitbuiting, geweld en kinderarbeid. Volgens Amnesty International komt ongeveer een vijfde van het Congolese kobalt uit kleine, artisanale mijnen, waar de veiligheidsmaatregelen vaak te wensen overlaten.
Zeldzame aarden komen vaak samen voor met de radioactieve elementen thorium en uranium. De ontginning kan daardoor erg vervuilend zijn. De Bayan Obomijn nabij Baotou in Binnen-Mongolië is de grootste mijn voor zeldzame aarden ter wereld. De streek is er sterk vervuild door de chemicaliën die mijnbouwers gebruiken bij de ontginning en door thoriumhoudend afval uit bezinkingsbekkens. Voorts is een onduidelijke hoeveelheid zeldzame aarden afkomstig uit illegale mijnbouw, waarvan geen gegevens over mensenrechten en milieuzorg bekend zijn.
Waartoe de afhankelijkheid van één of een beperkt aantal leveranciers kan leiden, werd in 2011 duidelijk. China voerde toen strenge exportquota voor zeldzame aarden in. De prijs van sommige metalen vertienvoudigde. Inmiddels zijn die prijzen weer gedaald. ‘Die daling is vermoedelijk slechts tijdelijk’, zegt Koen Binnemans (KU Leuven). China voert een heel bewuste politiek rond zeldzame aarden, aldus de expert in kritieke metalen. ‘Door de prijzen aanvankelijk laag te houden, hebben buitenlandse mijnen en bedrijven die in recycling investeerden de deuren moeten sluiten. China heeft vervolgens handig gebruik gemaakt van zijn monopolie en de prijzen opgetrokken. Om ze daarna weer te laten zakken en zo nieuwe buitenlandse initiatieven te torpederen.’
‘Het lijkt officieel niet zo, maar China hanteert nog steeds exportquota’, zegt Binnemans. ‘Het land wil zijn grondstoffen zo duur mogelijk verkopen. Het verandert tegelijk van een exporteur in een importeur.’ China is momenteel de grootste koper van kobalt, lithium en nikkel. ‘Dat doet het deels om de enorme binnenlandse vraag te dekken: vandaag rijden naar schatting 200 miljoen elektrische fietsen rond in China. Verder exporteert het land liever afgewerkte producten als batterijen en motoren dan metalen. Dat vormt een bedreiging voor onze eigen clean tech-industrie.’
Harde les
De zeldzame-aardencrisis van 2011 is een wake-up call geweest. ‘Europa hoopte onafhankelijk te worden van China. Inmiddels is duidelijk dat ons dat absoluut niet zal lukken’, zegt Binnemans. ‘Het is mogelijk dat de crisis zich herhaalt’, besluiten ook experts van het European Rare Earths Competency Network (ERECON) in een rapport. Om onze afhankelijkheid van een beperkt aantal dubieuze leveranciers te verminderen, schuiven experts drie oplossingen naar voren: kritieke metalen zoveel mogelijk vervangen, recyclen, en nieuwe mijnen openen. Geen van die drie is evident.
‘We willen schone technologie, maar de nodige metalen mogen niet hier worden ontgonnen. Sta mij toe dat hypocriet te noemen’
Kritieke elementen vervangen door andere lukt maar tot op zekere hoogte. ‘Voor neodymium in magneten hebben we nog geen goed alternatief, en dat zal er wellicht ook niet snel komen’, denkt Binnemans. Hoewel elektrische-autobouwer Tesla voor zijn eerste modellen motoren zonder zeldzame aarden gebruikte, is de fabrikant daarvan afgestapt. Motoren met neodymium zijn compacter en efficiënter. En hoewel er ook batterijen zonder kobalt bestaan, lijkt het erop dat de li-ionaccu mét kobalt de dominante technologie wordt. De energiedichtheid en compactheid zijn hoger. Ook windmolens zonder magneten – of neodymium – zijn een optie, alleen zijn die minder efficiënt en vragen ze meer onderhoud. Dat maakt ze minder geschikt voor offshoretoepassingen.
Massaal recyclen dan maar. Al hebben we ook daar een aantal hindernissen te overwinnen. Om recycling rendabel te maken, moeten materiaalverwerkers genoeg afgedankte producten binnenkrijgen. Dat is voor de relatief jonge groene technologieën vaak nog niet het geval, al kan dat snel veranderen. Doorgaans zijn producten ook niet ontworpen om te worden gerecycled. ‘Fabrikanten focussen vrijwel uitsluitend op hoe hun groene technologie presteert, en niet op hoe ze die circulair kunnen ontwerpen’, zegt Rietveld.
Het kost te veel moeite om producten uit elkaar te halen en de waardevolle materialen te recupereren. Dat is onder meer het geval voor elektrische motoren. ‘Die belanden nu gewoon op de schroothoop en de zeldzame aarden zijn we kwijt’, zegt Peter Tom Jones, expert duurzaam materialenbeheer aan de KU Leuven. In het door de KU Leuven gecoördineerde Demeterproject ontwikkelden onderzoekers een prototype van een elektrische motor waarvan de magneten wél makkelijk te verwijderen en recyclen zijn. Het zal nog even duren voor die is opgeschaald en op de markt komt.
Dan is het nog de vraag of bedrijven interesse tonen. ‘Er is al heel wat technologie beschikbaar om zeldzame aarden te recyclen, maar het gebeurt nauwelijks’, zegt Jones. ‘Het is goedkoper om nieuw ontgonnen metalen te kopen.’ De zeldzame-aardencrisis is een harde les geweest, aldus Jones. ‘Europa heeft toen enorm geïnvesteerd in onderzoek naar recycling van zeldzame aarden. Dat heeft veel technische oplossingen opgeleverd. En hoeveel zijn er inmiddels commercieel toegepast? Niet één. Ze kunnen niet op tegen de goedkope zeldzame aarden uit China.’
Een laatste uitdaging is afgedankte producten op de juiste plek krijgen. Volgens Recupel, dat afgedankte elektronica inzamelt, slingeren bij Belgische gezinnen meer dan drie miljoen oude gsm’s rond, minstens één per gezin. Terwijl die waardevolle metalen bevatten. Het Belgische metaalbedrijf Umicore recyclet vandaag al kobalt, koper, nikkel en lithium uit batterijen en mobiele telefoons. De pilootinstallatie van het bedrijf in Hoboken kan jaarlijks 7.000 ton afgedankte batterijen en elektronica verwerken. Dat komt overeen met zo’n 35.000 autobatterijen, 2 miljoen fietsbatterijen, of 250 miljoen mobiele-telefoonbatterijen. ‘Jaarlijks produceren fabrikanten 1,5 miljard smartphones‘, zegt Marjolein Scheers (Umicore). ‘De afgedankte toestellen zouden genoeg kobalt kunnen opleveren voor 2 miljoen elektrische auto’s.’
Geen mijn in mijn tuin
Zelfs als we erin slagen veel beter te recyclen, zal er meer mijnbouw nodig zijn. Met de enorm groeiende vraag naar kritieke metalen kan dat niet anders. Hoe zorgen we er dan voor dat we duurzaam ontginnen? ‘Er bestaan richtlijnen voor verantwoorde mijnbouw, maar die moeten dan wel worden nageleefd’, zegt Rietveld. ‘In de praktijk is daar weinig toezicht op, en valt het moeilijk te achterhalen waar metalen precies vandaan komen.’ ‘We willen meer transparantie bij de toeleveringsketens’, zegt Clare Church van het IISD. ‘Nu weten we amper wie het goed doet en wie niet.’
De Europese Unie heeft een nieuwe regelgeving ingevoerd die moet garanderen dat Europese bedrijven vanaf 2021 geen conflictmineralen meer invoeren. Zulke mineralen liggen aan de basis van mensenrechtenschendingen, corruptie en geweld. Maar die regels gelden enkel voor tin, tantaal, wolfraam en goud. ‘De meeste groene conflictmineralen vallen niet onder de nieuwe regelgeving‘, merkt het IISD op. ‘Bestaande regels zouden ook op alle mineralen voor groene technologie van toepassing moeten zijn, in de eerste plaats op kobalt, zeldzame aarden en lithium.’
Jones is sceptisch. ‘In de praktijk komt er weinig terecht van die mooie ethische principes. De meeste bedrijven zijn in de eerste plaats geïnteresseerd in de prijs van hun grondstoffen. Het milieu en ethische principes komen helaas meestal pas op de tweede plaats.’
Waarom de grondstoffen dan niet gewoon dichter bij huis halen, waar verantwoorde ontginning meer voor de hand ligt? ERECON wijst op het potentieel om zeldzame aarden in Europa te winnen, onder meer in Zweden en Groenland. De ontginning zou er nog voor 2020 van start kunnen gaan. Ze zou de Europese vraag naar zeldzame aarden decennialang kunnen dekken. Europa beschikt ook over kobalthoudende ertsen in Griekenland, Cyprus en Macedonië. ‘Die zijn minder rijk en kunnen daardoor niet concurreren met kobalt uit Congo’, zegt Binnemans. ‘Dat kan veranderen als we bereid zouden zijn iets meer te betalen voor ons kobalt’.
‘In de huidige situatie kunnen we zonder overheidssteun geen nieuwe mijnen openen of de industrie voor de verwerking van de ertsen op poten zetten’, zegt Jones. ‘En dat is in strijd met de Europese regels rond vrije marktwerking. Terwijl één nieuwe mijn voor zeldzame aarden ons bevoorradingsprobleem in één klap zou oplossen. Als je ziet hoe andere landen zoals China, de Verenigde Staten en Japan wél effectief hun belangen beschermen, zijn we in Europa naïef.’
Nieuwe mijnbouwprojecten maken weinig enthousiasme los. Niemand wil een mijn in zijn achtertuin. De Zweedse Nora Kärrmijn zou in haar eentje de Europese vraag naar zeldzame aarden voor de komende vijftig jaar kunnen dekken. Een petitie met 45.000 handtekeningen stak – voorlopig – een stokje voor de ontginning. ‘In West-Europa willen we schone technologie, maar we willen niet dat de metalen die daarvoor nodig zijn hier worden ontgonnen’, zegt Jones. ‘Laat ze dat maar in China of Congo doen. Zo wentelen we de milieu-impact af op het Zuiden. Sta mij toe dat hypocriet te noemen.’
Volgens Jones moet het anders, en snel. ‘Als we de overgang naar een klimaatvriendelijke economie serieus nemen en minder afhankelijk willen zijn van de rest van de wereld, hebben we dringend nood aan beleid dat inzet op maximaal recyclen van kritieke metalen én verantwoorde mijnbouw in Europa.’
NASA Finally Explains the Origin of the Apocalyptic Noise Heard from the Skies!
NASA Finally Explains the Origin of the Apocalyptic Noise Heard from the Skies
Several days ago, we released the story about the spooky trumpet sound heard in different nations all over the world. The unusual sounds which supposedly came in the heavens played once again, but this time, the hair raising sound was heard last June 4th at around 3 P.M in Batangas, Philippines.
Although it’s quite funny the occurrence received minimal hoopla until this year, the odd sound were heard around in Germany, Russia, Australia, Usa, Canada, and in other components of the world since it was recorded in 2008. Those who’ve heard the sound on video related the baffling sounds to the apocalyptic prophesy while others believe these are coming from UFOs and extraterrestrial beings said in the bible, and personally.
View this video from Batangas:
No one has described the source of the sound–until now, although some have doubted the credibility of the records.
The National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA) clarified that neither angels nor extraterrestrial beings have anything related to the occasion. The truth is, they said these sounds are but a natural phenomenon that happen on a regular basis.
A representative from NASA who was quoted by a nearby US media said, “We could really hear the typical tunes of symphony in the sound of unexpected thunderstorm coming from our planet, and no alien spaceship.”
The sounds are not audible to human ears unless the volume is high. This background noise” that is “ is not dissimilar to what we hear from sci-fi movies, although this comes from ground.
Dr. Steven Greer, a leading figure in the UFO disclosure movement, has just proposed an audacious idea concerning official disclosure of extraterrestrial life. In his expert opinion, acquired over more than 25 years of disclosure advocacy, continued secrecy is better than disclosing the truth about visiting aliens if they are depicted in any other way than peaceful nonviolent beings attempting to advance the evolution of human life on Earth.
In the February 5 installment of Gaia TV’s Disclosure series, Greer was interviewed on the topic of the “Architecture of Secrecy” and explained his view about how official disclosure should be handled. He asserted his controversial idea that continued secrecy is better than any disclosure scenario that depicts extraterrestrials as in any way constituting a threat:
My biggest concern is that there’s a hijacking of disclosure around a narrative of a threat, of an us versus them scenario. That is the sort of thing that can lead to the worst possible outcome. I wrote a paper called “When Disclosure Serves Secrecy”. Disclosure that would serve the secret agenda is not something that we need. I’d rather have the secrecy continue, frankly. But a disclosure that would be truthful and would be forward looking, and that would have an interplanetary peace initiative, and communication and contact initiative, and that would have the release of these technologies for peaceful energy generation, transportation and what have you, that would transform the planet very quickly (Video: 9:45)
Greer explicitly referred to Luiz Elizondo and Dr. Hal Puthoff, who are senior figures in Tom DeLonge’s To The Stars Academy, as a major part of the threat scenario that is being currently put out into the public arena through the major news media. On that score, I would agree with Greer that the “Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program” (AATIP) which was created within the Defense Intelligence Agency in 2007, and headed by Elizondo up to 2017, was unnecessarily framing the UFO issue in terms of it being a threat to national security.
If Greer only limited himself to critiquing depictions of UFOs and all extraterrestrial visitors as a threat, which AATIP appeared to be doing, he would be on solid ground. However, Greer in the Disclosure interview, as well as in past public statements, made it clear that he is against researcher that depict any extraterrestrials, even if only a small percentage, as a threat in any way.
On May 2, 2006, Greer launched an extraordinary public attack on my exopolitics research for having committed the egregious sin of proposing that extraterrestrials could in any way behave similarly to humans in terms of a wide range of motivations. My research dividing extraterrestrials into different motivational categories, e.g., the good, the bad and the indifferent, was lambasted by Greer as fueled by disinformation.
Greer is no doubt correct that elements of the Military Industrial Complex are exaggerating the threat narrative when it comes to UFOs and extraterrestrial visitation, which AATIP appeared to be currently doing and which I acknowledged back in my 2006 response to Greer. In it, however, I also pointed out that Greer’s bold assertion that there is no evidence of hostile extraterrestrial behavior, can be easily shown to be wrong by examining multiple sources revealing the egregious behavior of some extraterrestrial visitors.
On July 26, 2010, Greer was confronted by Project Camelot founders, Kerry Cassidy and Bill Ryan, over the same issue, and they presented their own evidentiary sources that some extraterrestrial visitors were behaving unethically and maliciously.
In 2018, Greer attacked two of the insider sources I have cited extensively in my secret space program book series, Corey Goode and William Tompkins, as putting out disinformation about aggressive extraterrestrials, Draconian Reptilians, who are described as a prominent part of the planetary control system. In this case, he speculated that both Goode and Tompkins were implanted with false memories and were unwittingly spreading disinformation.
Again, I responded to Greer by pointing out the abundant evidence refuting his audacious assertion that no extraterrestrials behave in ways that are unethical or malicious. Indeed, I showed how his dismissal of Tompkins claims, in particular, ignored the impressive documentation substantiating his information.
With that brief background on Greer’s past public statements on the issue of some, not all, extraterrestrials being unethical and malicious, the context has been set for better understanding the implications of what Greer had to say next in the February 5 interview.
Greer repeated his assertion that continued secrecy is preferable to any official disclosure announcement describing aliens as a threat, even if only partially or a subset of the entire alien visitation scenario:
The disclosure of this subject is the most important announcement in the history of the human race. How it’s handled, it has to be handled with great wisdom and great care. If it is handled with the kind of buffoonery and clumsiness that is evolving, or with partial truths, mixed in with disinformation, with frightening scenarios that scare the hell out of the public, I actually prefer the secrecy. (17:34)
What makes Greer’s views significant is that he claims to be in touch with members of the oversight group of up to 200 members commonly referred to as the MAJIC committee. Greer asserts that he is providing them with an expert civilian perspective on disclosure, where, incredibly, he appears to be advocating continued secrecy if an official disclosure statement is not framed in the way he prescribes.
In short, what is widely regarded as “full disclosure”, where all the facts and evidence of visiting extraterrestrials – good and bad – along with the truth about secret space programs is publicly revealed in an official announcement, is not supported by Greer. On the contrary, he only supports a “limited disclosure” statement where all references to unethical or malicious aliens is sanitized.
It’s hard to envisage that a leading figure in the disclosure advocacy movement could support continued secrecy on any grounds, let alone the dubious grounds Greer asserts, which I and others have shown ignores a large body of evidence. As to why Greer is taking such an extreme position, there are a number of explanations that come to mind. One is that he is personally invested in a secret Vatican initiative to establish a “New Cosmic Esoteric World Religion” through a “false flag alien savior event” as described elsewhere. Another is that Greer has been co-opted or compromised by the MAJIC Committee in charge of extraterrestrial related projects and is sabotaging the disclosure movement by imposing unreasonable demands for a future official disclosure announcement.
Greer’s position that continued secrecy is better than an official disclosure announcement which contains reference to any extraterrestrial visitors as a threat, is a position that he will find increasingly difficult to defend given the public’s growing awareness of all the available evidence of visiting aliens, and the diverse motivations behind their activities. Full disclosure is already well underway through multiple public initiatives disclosing all aspects of visiting extraterrestrial life and secret space programs, and any effort to filter or curtail such information in ways favored by Greer, are certain to fail.
A giant, spiraling storm in Jupiter’s southern hemisphere is captured in this animation from NASA’s Junospacecraft. The storm, called Oval BA, is approximately 5,000 miles (8,000 km) across and moves counterclockwise. You can see similar rotation in Jupiter’s famous Great Red Spot, at the top left of the animation.
Juno took the nine images used to produce this movie sequence on December 21, 2018. At the time the images were taken, the spacecraft was between approximately 15,400 miles (24,800 km) and 60,700 miles (97,700 km) from the planet’s cloud tops above southern latitudes spanning about 36 to 74 degrees.
Citizen scientists Gerald Eichstädt and Seán Doran created this animation using data from the spacecraft’s JunoCam imager. You can peruse JunoCam’s raw images and process images yourself here.
Bottom line: Short movie shows a swirling storm on Jupiter.
An atmospheric scientist explains why water can do some strange-looking things at very cold temperatures, and what’s different about snowfalls on Mars.
Editor’s note: Extreme cold weather can produce unusual phenomena, from so-called sea smoke to slushy ocean waves. As atmospheric scientist Scott Denning explains, these striking events are caused mainly by the behavior of water at very cold temperatures.
Why do lake and ocean waters appear to steam during cold snaps?
There are three phases, or states, of water: solid ice, liquid water and gaseous water vapor. Even in extremely cold weather, liquid water can’t be colder than the freezing point – about 32 degrees Fahrenheit (0 degrees C) – so the surface of the ocean is much warmer than the air above it.
A lot of water evaporates from the warmer ocean into the colder dry air above. As soon as this invisible gas rises even just a little bit above the relatively warm water, it hits air that is much colder and can’t hold much vapor, so the vapor condenses into microscopic droplets of liquid water in the air.
Some people call the wispy clouds caused by condensation just above the winter ocean or lakes sea smoke. That’s a better term than steam. Real steam is very hot water vapor – that is, water in its gas phase, which is invisible.
Lake Michigan at 39th Street Harbor in Chicago, January 30, 2019.
Weather watchers seem to get very excited about thundersnow. What is it and why is it rare?
Thunder is a sonic boom created when a lightning bolt causes the air to expand faster than the speed of sound. Lightning is formed by sparks of static electricity between the clouds and ground. The friction that forms this static is usually caused by rapidly rising thermals of buoyant air on hot summer days, which is why thunderstorms are common in summer.
Air can’t rise from the cold winter ground because cold air is dense, so thunder in winter is pretty unusual. Thundersnow happens when really cold air blows in from up north. This cold air is denser than the air at the surface, so it literally falls down, pushing surface air up over the top of it. This can create exactly the same kind of static charge as a summer thunderstorm, and BOOM – thundersnow! This only happens with a really dramatic change in temperature, such as the approach of an Arctic cold front.
Thundersnow episodes in New England, March 8, 2018.
How common is it for the oceans to freeze outside of the polar regions?
Saltwater has a lower freezing point than fresh water, which is why we put salt on our streets and sidewalks to melt ice in winter. Seawater is salty enough that it has to get really cold to freeze – around 28 F (-2.2 degrees C). It’s pretty unusual for seawater to freeze in the continental United States, though it happens all the time in the Arctic winter.
When seawater freezes, most of its salt is pushed down into the ocean water underneath it. This is why people in the Arctic can melt sea ice for drinking water. As little bits of freshwater ice form at the ocean’s surface, the remaining water gets saltier and saltier, so it gets harder and harder for it to freeze.
But sometimes when it’s been extremely cold, little ice floes form at the surface of the ocean. Waves break them up, so that the surface can become like a wavy slurpee. For anyone willing to brave the cold, it’s wild to stand by the shore and watch the smoking slushy sea with its slow-motion surf. At the poles, it’s so cold that floating ice crystals eventually converge and solidify into sea ice.
Slushy surf off Nantucket, Mass., January 5, 2018.
Scientists have found that Mars has snowfalls too. How are they different from snow on Earth?
The atmosphere on Mars is nearly pure carbon dioxide, which we know as the main greenhouse gas that’s driving climate change here on Earth. But Mars’ atmosphere is much thinner than ours, so it doesn’t trap much heat. On a nice Martian summer day, temperatures can reach 70 degrees F (21 degrees C) and then fall to -100 degrees F (-73 degrees C) the same night.
Winters are even colder there. It gets so cold in polar winters on Mars that the air itself freezes, making tiny carbon dioxide snowflakes the size of red blood cells, which pile deep enough to make polar caps of dry ice.
A mesa of frozen carbon dioxide at Mars’ south pole.
During the long polar night, around 1/3 of Mars’ entire atmosphere falls as snow. This makes a partial vacuum, sucking the winds from the planet’s summer hemisphere to its winter hemisphere to make up the difference. In spring, these planet-scale winds reverse direction as the dry ice turns back to gas and starts to fall out on the other end of Mars.
Further out in the solar system, the “ice giant” planets and many of their moons have huge amounts of water and carbon dioxide ice – much larger quantities than all of our oceans. But on Earth, dry ice can’t form above -110 degrees F (-79 degrees C). So there will never be carbon dioxide snow on our planet – just frozen water in all of its many forms.
Bottom line: An atmospheric scientist explains some weird winter weather phenomena, such as thundersnow, steaming lakes, slurpee waves and why and what’s different about snowfalls on Mars.This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
Yellowstone volcano Ground Rising after 121 earthquakes
Yellowstone volcano Ground Rising after 121 earthquakes
Yellowstone volcano Ground Rising after 121 earthquakes
YELLOWSTONE volcano’s ground is slowly creeping upward around its most active geyser basin, USGS officials have revealed after seismographs have confirmed more than 120 earthquakes across Yellowstone Park.
Yellowstone volcano officials are paying attention to an ongoing shift in the supervolcano’s landscape, which began as early as 2015. Yellowstone’s Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone’s hottest geyser basin, witnessed ground levels rise by almost an inch last year. Officials from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) confirmed in the latest Yellowstone activity update, the basin rose by 0.78 inches (2cm) in 2018. GPS data collected throughout the Yellowstone volcanic caldera suggests this part of the national park has been rising for at least three years now.
In the same Yellowstone update, the USGS revealed a total of 121 earthquakes were recorded in the Yellowstone area in December 2018 alone.
The earthquakes struck in rapid swarms and singular tremors throughout the park.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 73 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
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