{ https://medium.com/ }

30-01-2026 om 21:10 geschreven door peter  

Op zo’n 5 miljard lichtjaar afstand heerst de immense sterrenstelselcluster MACS J1149. De James Webb-ruimtetelescoop legt dit kosmische zwaargewicht nu met ongekende scherpte vast en onthult hoe zijn verpletterende zwaartekracht het licht van het vroege heelal buigt en vervormt.

Diep in het sterrenbeeld Leeuw (Leo), op een duizelingwekkende afstand van ongeveer 5 miljard lichtjaar, heerst een ware titan: sterrenstelselcluster MACS J1149.5+2223. Deze verzameling van honderden sterrenstelsels, bijeengehouden door de allesbepalende zwaartekracht, is nu vastgelegd in verbluffend detail door de James Webb-ruimtetelescoop. Het nieuwe beeld onthult niet alleen de indrukwekkende inwoners van de cluster zelf, maar ook hoe dit kosmische zwaargewicht fungeert als een natuurlijke telescoop voor het observeren van de verste uithoeken van het universum.

De James Webb-ruimtetelescoop legde deze opname van MACS J1149.5+2223 vast met zijn Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam), een compositie van zes verschillende golflengten van 0,9 tot 4,44 micrometer, om de structuur en samenstelling van de sterrenstelsels in ongekend detail te onthullen. Foto: ESA/Webb, NASA & CSA, C. Willott (National Research Council Canada), R. Tripodi (INAF – Astronomical Observatory of Rome). Klik hier om de foto zoombaar te openen, hier om deze te bekijken in ESASky browser of hier om deze (printbaar .tif-bestand) op de hoogste resolutie te downloaden.

Een natuurlijk zwaartekrachtlens laboratorium

De werkelijke kracht van MACS J1149 schuilt in zijn kolossale massa. De zwaartekracht van deze cluster is zo immens dat ze de structuur van ruimtetijd rondom zich vervormt. Licht van sterrenstelsels die nog eens véél verder weg staan, moet op zijn miljarden jaren durende reis naar de aarde door dit vervormde gebied reizen. Het gevolg is een fenomeen dat astronomen gravitationele lensing noemen: het licht wordt afgebogen en versterkt, alsof het door een kosmisch vergrootglas gaat. Op Webbs opname (hierboven) is dit overal zichtbaar, van subtiel uitgerekte sterrenstelsels tot bizarre, gerekte vormen.

Een kosmische celebrity onder de loep

Deze eigenschap maakt MACS J1149 tot een ware ‘celebrity’ voor astronomen. De cluster was eerder al één van de zes nauwlettend onderzochte regio’s door het baanbrekende Frontier Fields-programma van de Hubble-ruimtetelescoop, specifiek geselecteerd vanwege zijn sterke lenswerking. Ook de Very Large Telescope van de Europese Zuidelijke Sterrenwacht (ESO) heeft zijn blik op de cluster gericht, maar ook radiogrondtelescopen en orbitale röntgentelescopen zoals Chandra hebben MACS J1149 vaker onderzocht. Recent onderzoek gebruikt deze voorgaande waarnemingen in combinatie met nieuwe gegevens om de massa-verdeling binnen dergelijke clusters en hun rol in de evolutie van sterrenstelsels verder te duiden.

Webbs uitzonderlijke gevoeligheid in het infrarood gaat nu een stap verder. Zijn instrumenten, zoals NIRSpec en NIRCam, worden ingezet in programma’s zoals CANUCS om via clusters als MACS J1149 de allervroegste sterrenstelsels te bestuderen. Ze ontrafelen hun stervorming, chemie en de rol die ze speelden tijdens het tijdperk van de reïonisatie, toen de eerste lichtbronnen de kosmische duisternis doorbraken na de oerknal.

We schreven vaker over dit onderwerp, lees bijvoorbeeld ook ‘Eén jaar na de lancering van James Webb kunnen astronomen hun geluk niet op: de telescoop maakt het onzichtbare en ondenkbare zichtbaar‘ of ‘De eerste sterrenstelsels in het universum waren veel helderder dan verwacht‘.

Een venster op het vroege heelal

De nieuwe James Webb-opname is dus meer dan een adembenemend plaatje. Het is het begin van een nieuw hoofdstuk in de studie van deze kosmische reus. Door het lensvermogen van MACS J1149 te combineren met Webbs ongeëvenaarde scherpte, kunnen astronomen verder terugkijken in de tijd dan ooit tevoren. Op deze manier blijft deze cluster, een reus op 5 miljard lichtjaar afstand, ons een uniek venster bieden op de geboorte en evolutie van de eerste structuren in ons universum.

• De afgelopen decennia zijn er prachtige foto’s gemaakt van interstellaire nevels, sterrenstelsels, planeten, andere hemellichamen en in de ruimtevaart. Ieder weekend halen we een indrukwekkende ruimtefoto uit het archief. Genieten van alle foto’s? Bekijk ze op deze pagina. Heb je zelf bijzondere (astro)foto’s die je wil delen met ons? Stuur ze in via ons mailadres o.v.v. ‘Ruimtefoto’!

Bronmateriaal

• "A celebrity cluster in the spotlight" - ESA/Webb
  
• "Hubble uses cosmic lens to discover most distant star ever observed" - ESA/Hubble
  
• "Galaxy cluster MACS j1149.5+223 and a supernova four times over" - ESA/Hubble
  
• "Galaxy cluster MACS J1149+2223" - ESA/Hubble
  
• "Icarus (MACS J1149+2223 Lensed Star 1)" - NASA/Hubble
• "MACS J1149.5+2233: A Fusion of Galaxy Clusters" - Harvard/Chandra
  
• Afbeelding bovenaan dit artikel: ESA/Webb, NASA & CSA, C. Willott (National Research Council Canada), R. Tripodi (INAF - Astronomical Observatory of Rome)

Laatst aangepast op: 29 januari 2026

{ https://scientias.nl/nieuws/astronomie-ruimtevaart/  }

30-01-2026 om 20:48 geschreven door peter  

29-01-2026 om 23:50 geschreven door peter  

NASA is gearing up for the first crewed journey to the Moon in over half a century, a mission that could launch as soon as two weeks from now.

And next year, the agency will finally attempt to return astronauts to the lunar surface itself as part of its Artemis 3 mission, which will dramatically increase the already considerable stakes.

Particularly when it comes to stepping out of the spacecraft — the agency has yet to pick between Blue Origin and SpaceX’s offerings in that regard — staying protected from the extreme temperature swings, space radiation, and lack of atmosphere is extremely challenging.

That’s not to mention the physical limitations of an extremely bulky spacesuit, which could physically tax astronauts even more than stepping outside of the International Space Station during a spacewalk.

As Ars Technica reports, former NASA astronaut and microbiologist Kate Rubins, who retired last year and has logged 300 days in space, recently voiced her concerns over the Moon suit that private space company Axiom Space has been developing for NASA as part of a $228 million contract.

“What I think we have on the Moon that we don’t really have on the space station that I want people to recognize is an extreme physical stress,” she said during a recent meeting of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.

Besides not getting any sleep, Rubin warned that people will be “in these suits for eight or nine hours” and doing extravehicular activities (EVAs) “every day.”

Compared to the suits NASA astronauts wore during the Apollo missions, the Axiom Space suit is considerably heavier. While a sixth of gravity will greatly alleviate some of that heft, they still weigh in at 300 pounds. At the same time, Moon walkers will enjoy greatly enhanced flexibility, allowing them to kneel down to pick up objects, for instance.

“I think the suits are better than Apollo, but I don’t think they are great right now,” Rubin warned, noting “flexibility issues” and the reality that “people are going to be falling over.”

In remarks directly to Ars, Rubin elaborated, emphasizing that the suits are “definitely much better than Apollo,” but remain “still quite heavy.”

Even something as simple as getting back up after a fall — as demonstrated by the many Apollo astronauts who took a tumble while on the Moon — involves a type of “jumping pushup,” as Rubins told Ars, which is a “non-trivial” and “risky maneuver.”

Not everybody is as concerned about the Axiom Space suit. Current NASA astronaut and physician Mike Barratt argued in remarks during the committee meeting that the “suit is getting there,” pointing out that “we’ve got 700 hours of pressurized experience in it right now.”

“Bending down in the suit is really not too bad at all,” he added.

NASA still plans to conduct plenty of tests involving the suit, including parabolic flight, which can simulate the partial gravity of the Moon’s surface. The agency has already put the suit through its paces underwater at NASA’s Neutral Buoyancy Lab.

The agency has until sometime next year to finalize the design for its long-awaited Artemis 3 mission to the lunar surface. At the same time, NASA still has plenty of decisions to make, including how to get down to the lunar surface in the first place.

More on Artemis: 

• Experts Warn That There’s Something Wrong With the Moon Rocket NASA Is About to Launch With Astronauts Aboard

{https://futurism.com/ }

29-01-2026 om 23:34 geschreven door peter  

NASA shared an unusual photo taken by the Curiosity mission. It shows the rover’s “night shift.”

The Curiosity rover is equipped with LED lights. They are part of the MAHLI camera mounted at the end of its robotic arm. Sometimes scientists use them during the day to illuminate areas that are in shadow, such as the interior of boreholes and intake tubes leading to instruments at the bottom of the rover.

In the earlier stages of the mission, the Curiosity team also used these LEDs at night to search for layers or other features on the walls of drill holes that would help them better understand the composition of the rock. But since the mission changed its drilling method, the holes have become too rough and dusty to see any details. 

However, Curiosity recently used LEDs again at night. This happened after drilling a rock called Nevado Sajama on November 13, 2025. After studying the images, the mission specialists noticed that the walls of the borehole were smooth enough to attempt to find layers, and decided to try illuminating the borehole at night. It is this operation that is captured in the image presented.

The drilling at Nevado Sajama was carried out during an exploration of a region full of geological formations known as “boxworks.” These formations crisscross the surface for many kilometers and, when viewed from space, look like giant spider webs.

• According to NASA

• Posted in News, Tech

{ https://universemagazine.com/en/news-en/science-en/ }

29-01-2026 om 23:26 geschreven door peter  

A momentous event in the history of space exploration is about to take place: for the first time in 54 years, humans will return to the Moon. As part of the Artemis II mission, four astronauts will orbit the Moon and then return to Earth. The entire journey will take ten days.

The Artemis II mission would not have been possible without Artemis I. As part of Artemis I, NASA launched the super-heavy SLS rocket for the first time and tested the Orion spacecraft in deep space. The experience gained during its implementation laid the foundation for the further development of the lunar program. With the launch of Artemis II fast approaching, let’s take a look back at how the predecessor mission went and admire some of its best photos.

Artemis I was launched into space on November 16, 2022. This launch marked the debut of the super-heavy SLS rocket, which is capable of carrying up to 95 tons of cargo into orbit. Incidentally, its first-stage engines, boosters, and side boosters were inherited from the Space Shuttle program.

Eight hours after launch, the upper stage of the SLS performed a maneuver that directed Orion toward the Moon, after which it separated from the spacecraft and was directed into Earth’s atmosphere.

There were no humans aboard Orion. Three mannequins equipped with sensors that measured radiation, acceleration, and vibration levels during flight played the role of the crew. One of them, dressed in a flight suit, was seated in the commander’s chair.

The journey to the Moon took five days. On November 21, Orion performed a close flyby of the Moon, after which it activated its main engine, entering a distant retrograde orbit around the satellite.

While Orion was in a distant orbit around the Moon, NASA engineers monitored the spacecraft’s behavior and collected data on the radiation environment. The spacecraft also took a series of selfies showing it against the backdrop of Earth and the Moon.

On November 28, Orion reached a distance of 432,210 km from Earth. This is the maximum distance achieved during the Artemis I mission.

On December 1, the spacecraft reactivated its engine and left its distant retrograde orbit, beginning its journey home.

On December 5, Orion flew 128 km above the surface of the Moon and performed a maneuver that allowed it to leave the Moon’s gravitational influence.

In the following days, the spacecraft made several course corrections while mission specialists prepared for its landing.

The main engine of the Orion spacecraft.

Source: NASA

On December 11, 2022, Orion entered Earth’s atmosphere at a speed of 11.2 km/s, which is much higher than missions returning to Earth from the ISS. The spacecraft’s heat shield sustained more damage than expected, but still reliably protected the contents of the crew capsule.

The Orion capsule successfully splashed down west of the California coast near Guadalupe Island. It was soon picked up by a ship and then taken to port. This marked the official end of the Artemis I mission.

You can find out more about the Artemis II mission flight plan in our article.

• Posted in Articles, Questions

{ https://universemagazine.com/en/news-en/science-en/ }

29-01-2026 om 23:17 geschreven door peter  

With the first launch window for Artemis II now just days away, NASA has shared a glimpse inside the cramped quarters of the Orion spacecraft.

Four astronauts – Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, Christina Koch, and Jeremy Hansen – will spend 10 days living inside the capsule as they whizz around the moon.

During that time, the crew will stay in a tiny, equipment–filled space, no larger than the back of a Ford Transit.

While NASA says it will use the mission to learn how crews adjust to tight quarters, space fans have pointed out one very obvious problem.

Although Orion is equipped with a toilet and washing facilities, many commenters wondered just how hygienic the capsule will be after a week and a half in space.

On X (formerly Twitter), one sceptical commenter wrote: 'No mention of how they will be in extremely close quarters and will have to change each other's diapers and wipe.

'The smell would be intolerable.'

Another concerned commenter asked: 'Do they change their clothes at all and if so, since there is a woman in the crew, is there privacy for that and toileting?'

Four astronauts will spend 10 days living inside the cramped confines of the Orion spacecraft 

Although Orion has 30 per cent more habitable volume than the Apollo capsule, it is still smaller than the back of a Ford Transit. Pictured (left to right): Jeremy Hansen, Victor Glover, Reid Wiseman, and Christina Koch

On X, some space enthusiasts had serious concerns about the smell that could be caused by four astronauts living, exercising, and using the bathroom in such a small space 

During the Artemis II mission, the four–person crew will launch from Kennedy Space Centre on a round trip passing around the far side of the moon.

Once their Space Launch System (SLS) rocket has pushed the astronauts out into orbit, the early stages will detach and leave Orion to drift by itself through space.

While Orion has 30 per cent more space than the Apollo capsule, it is still absolutely tiny for four people.

Measuring just 3.35 metres (11 feet) in height and five metres (16.5 feet) in diameter at the base, Orion has a habitable volume of just 9.34 cubic metres (330 cubic feet).

For comparison, a Ford Transit van typically has 10 cubic metres (353 cubic feet) of storage in the back.

Conditions are so cramped that NASA wants to study how the crew physically and psychologically adapt to their time in space.

In a video posted to X, NASA explains: 'To better understand how isolation, confinement, and other aspects of spaceflight affect human health and performance, Artemis II crew members will evaluate their activity levels, sleep patterns, movements and interactions for a study called Artemis Research for Crew Health and Readiness – or ARCHR for short.'

The astronauts will wear sports–watch–like wristbands to measure their movements and sleep patterns in real time, as well as completing surveys and motor control tests before and after flight.

Other concerned space fans were worried that there might not be privacy for washing, changing, or using the toilet in the tiny confines of the Orion capsule 

Despite the obvious challenges, a number of commenters on social media were bizarrely unimpressed by the technological and human achievements of spaceflight 

The crew will sleep for eight hours per day in sleeping bag–like hammocks that attach to handrails (pictured) 

In the biggest upgrade over Apollo, Orion features a separate toilet compartment hidden behind a panel in the floor (circled in red)

The Artemis II crew

Reid Wiseman – Commander 

- A US Navy aviator and test pilot with 27 years of experience.

- Wiseman has previously spent 165 days in space onboard the ISS

Victor Glover – Pilot

- A US Navy aviator and test pilot with 3,500 flight hours in more than 40 aircraft 

- Glover served as Flight Engineer on the ISS during a 168–day mission

Christna Koch – Mission specialist

- An engineer and scientist specialising in electrical engineering

- Holds the record for longest spaceflight by a woman, spending consecutive days on the ISS

Jeremy Hansen – Mission specialist

- Selected by the Canadian Space Agency to join Artemis II

- A Canadian Armed Forces fighter pilot, physicist, and experienced aquanaut

However, despite these obvious challenges, some space enthusiasts remained bizarrely unimpressed.

One commenter wrote on X: 'Relax. Once you get used to it, it'll be fine. I could do the trip to Mars in a freakin' Apollo capsule.'

Another said: 'So NASA's gonna put Fitbits on the astronauts? Cool, I've been wearing one for over three years.'

Despite the small amount of space, NASA has managed to fit in a few comforts that should make the journey more bearable.

For those concerned about the smell, Orion is fitted with a modified version of the toilet from the International Space Station known as the Universal Waste Management System.

This is essentially an elaborate vacuum cleaner with a seat and a specialised nozzle that operates by 'using air flow to pull fluid and solid waste away from the body'.

Compared to the toilet on the ISS, Orion's lavatory has been modified to fit in an even smaller space and to be more practical for female astronauts.

Perhaps most importantly, NASA has even found enough space on Orion to fit the toilet in its own tiny room.

The toilet room will also allow astronauts to wash in relative privacy, using liquid soap, flannels and rinseless shampoo to stay clean. Pictured: A training mockup of the Artemis II toilet used to practice on Earth 

The crew will use a similar toilet to the one found on the ISS, known as the Universal Waste Management System (pictured), that uses 'air flow to pull fluid and solid waste away' 

Orion even has room for a compact gym with a flywheel system (pictured) that allows for simple resistance exercises 

On Apollo, astronauts had to simply float in a corner while doing their business, but Artemis II's crew have the luxury of a tiny cabin in the 'floor' of the capsule.

Read More

• Step-by-step graphic reveals exactly what will happen during NASA's Artemis II mission to the moon 

Speaking in a video blog, Artemis II crewmember Jeremy Hansen described this as 'the one place we can go during the mission where we can actually feel like we're alone for a moment.'

This hygiene bay also offers the crew a place to wash in relative privacy, using liquid soap, flannels, and rinseless shampoo to remain clean.

To stay healthy and prevent muscle atrophy while in microgravity, Orion even packs in a compact gym for the astronauts to use.

The crew will use a flywheel device for simple resistance exercises like rowing, squats, and deadlifts for 30 minutes every day.

Artemis II: Key facts

Launch date: NASA has identified three possible launch windows for Artemis II in the coming months: From February 6 to February 11, from March 6 to March 11, and from April 1 to April 6.

Mission objective: To complete a lunar flyby, passing the 'dark side' of the moon and test systems for a future lunar landing.

Total distance to travel: 620,000 miles (one million km)

Mission duration: 10 days 

Estimated total cost: $44 billion (£32.5 billion)

• NASA Space Launch System rocket: $23.8 billion (£17.6 billion)
• Orion deep–space spacecraft: $20.4 billion (£15 billion)

Crew: 

• Commander Reid Wiseman
• Pilot Victor Glover
• Mission Specialist Christina Koch
• Mission Specialist Jeremy Hansen

Mission Stages:

1. Launch from Kennedy Space Centre Launch Pad 39B
2. Manoeuvre in orbit to raise the perigee using the Cryogenic Propulsion Stage
3. Burn to raise apogee using the Cryogenic Propulsion Stage
4. Detach from Cryogenic Propulsion Stage and perform translunar injection
5. Fly to the moon over four days
6. Complete lunar flyby at a maximum altitude of 5,523 miles (8,889 km) above the moon's surface
7. Return to Earth over four days.
8. Separate the crew module from the European Service Module and the crew module adapter
9. Splashdown in the Pacific Ocean  

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/index.html }

29-01-2026 om 21:56 geschreven door peter  

Is THIS where aliens are hiding? NASA discovers an exoplanet 146 light–years away that's 'remarkably similar to Earth' – and it could be habitable

• READ MORE: Scientists baffled by a LEMON-shaped planet

By SHIVALI BEST, SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EDITOR 

It's one of the biggest unanswered questions in science: are there aliens out there, and if so, where are they hiding?

Now, a discovery by NASA raising the tantalising possibility that we're not alone after all. 

The US space agency has discovered an exoplanet 146 light–years away that is 'remarkably similar to Earth'. 

Dubbed HD 137010 b, the planet might fall just within the outer edges of its star's 'habitable zone', meaning there could be liquid water on its surface and a suitable atmosphere for life. 

However, any potential aliens living on this planet would need to be well adapted for cold weather. 

'Although of a stellar type similar to our Sun, the star, HD 137010, is cooler and dimmer,' NASA explained. 

'That could mean a planetary surface temperature no higher than –90°F (–68°C). 

'By comparison, the average surface temperature on Mars runs about –85°F (–65°C).'

Dubbed HD 137010 b, the planet might fall just within the outer edges of its star's 'habitable zone', meaning there could be liquid water on its surface and a suitable atmosphere for life

NASA's scientists discovered the rocky exoplanet using data gathered by the Kepler Space Telescope.

This discovery comes from a single 'transit' – the planet crossing its star's face – which was detected during Kepler's second mission, K2. 

While one transit doesn't sound like much, this was enough for the scientists to estimate the exoplanet's orbital period. 

By tracking the time it took for the planet's shadow to move across its sun's face, the team estimated that the planet has an orbital period of 10 hours, compared to Earth's 13 hours. 

Their calculations also suggest it's probably freezing, although there is a chance HD 137010 b could turn out to be a temperate or even a watery world, according to NASA. 

'It would just need an atmosphere richer in carbon dioxide than our own,' the team explained. 

Based on modelling of the planet's possible atmospheres, NASA says there is a 40 per cent chance that the planet falls within the 'conservative' habitable zone around the star, and a 51 per cent chance that it falls within the broader 'optimistic' habitable zone.

'The planet has about a 50–50 chance of falling beyond the habitable zone entirely,' the experts cautioned. 

To confirm whether or not the planet is habitable, the researchers will now conduct follow–up observations – although they admit this is going to be 'tricky'. 

'The planet's orbital distance, so similar to Earth's, means such transits happen far less often than for planets in tighter orbits around their stars (it's a big reason why exoplanets with Earth–like orbits are so hard to detect in the first place),' NASA explained. 

'With luck, confirmation could come from further observation by the successor to Kepler/K2, NASA's TESS (the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite), the still–functioning workhorse for planetary detection, or from the European Space Agency's CHEOPS (CHaracterising ExOPlanets Satellite).

'Otherwise, gathering further data on planet HD 137010 b might have to wait for the next generation of space telescopes.'

KEY DISCOVERIES IN HUMANITY'S SEARCH FOR ALIEN LIFE

Discovery of pulsars

British astronomer Dame Jocelyn Bell Burnell was the first person to discover a pulsar in 1967 when she spotted a radio pulsar.

Since then other types of pulsars that emit X-rays and gamma rays have also been spotted.

Pulsars are essentially rotating, highly magnetised neutron stars but when they were first discovered it was believed they could have come from aliens.

'Wow!' radio signal

In 1977, an astronomer looking for alien life in the night sky above Ohio spotted a radio signal so powerful that he excitedly wrote 'Wow!' next to his data.

In 1977, an astronomer looking for alien life in the night sky above Ohio spotted a radio signal so powerful that he excitedly wrote 'Wow!' next to his data

The 72-second blast, spotted by Dr Jerry Ehman through a radio telescope, came from Sagittarius but matched no known celestial object.

Conspiracy theorists have since claimed that the 'Wow! signal', which was 30 times stronger than background radiation, was a message from intelligent extraterrestrials.

Fossilised Martian microbes

In 1996 Nasa and the White House made the explosive announcement that the rock contained traces of Martian bugs.

The meteorite, catalogued as Allen Hills (ALH) 84001, crashed onto the frozen wastes of Antarctica 13,000 years ago and was recovered in 1984. 

Photographs were released showing elongated segmented objects that appeared strikingly lifelike.

Photographs were released showing elongated segmented objects that appeared strikingly lifelike (pictured)

However, the excitement did not last long. Other scientists questioned whether the meteorite samples were contaminated. 

They also argued that heat generated when the rock was blasted into space may have created mineral structures that could be mistaken for microfossils. 

Behaviour of Tabby's Star in 2005 

The star, otherwise known as KIC 8462852, is located 1,400 light years away and has baffled astronomers since being discovered in 2015.

It dims at a much faster rate than other stars, which some experts have suggested is a sign of aliens harnessing the energy of a star.

The star, otherwise known as KIC 8462852, is located 1,400 light years away and has baffled astonomers since being discovered in 2015 (artist's impression)

Recent studies have 'eliminated the possibility of an alien megastructure', and instead, suggests that a ring of dust could be causing the strange signals.

Exoplanets in the Goldilocks zone in 2017 

In February 2017 astronomers announced they had spotted a star system with planets that could support life just 39 light years away.

Seven Earth-like planets were discovered orbiting nearby dwarf star 'Trappist-1', and all of them could have water at their surface, one of the key components of life.

Three of the planets have such good conditions, that scientists say life may have already evolved on them. 

Researchers claim that they will know whether or not there is life on any of the planets within a decade, and said: 'This is just the beginning.' 

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/index.html }

29-01-2026 om 21:25 geschreven door peter  

On January 27, 2026, the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists moved the symbolic Doomsday Clock forward once again, now just 85 seconds before midnight, the closest humanity has come in nearly eight decades and for anyone paying attention, the message is hard to miss: something is off. 

The latest update pointed to an expanding set of destabilizing forces — from nuclear stockpiles and accelerating climate breakdown to disruptive AI capabilities and advances in synthetic biology. Taken together, these technologies and geopolitical tensions form what the group calls a high risk landscape with almost no guardrails. 

“Every second counts and we are running out of time,” warned Alexandra Bell, the organization’s president. 

The Doomsday Clock was created in 1947, at a moment when nuclear brinkmanship between two superpowers kept the world permanently on edge. Today, the picture is far more complex. 

Multiple nations, corporations, and private labs are racing into fields once reserved for classified programs and black budget research. Technologies that barely existed a decade ago are now capable of destabilizing entire systems without a sound. 

Until 2020, the clock had never surpassed the two-minute mark. Now, only seconds remain. 

Daniel Holz, chair of the Bulletin’s Science and Security Board, noted that last year’s warnings produced not cooperation, but secrecy and escalation: “The opposite has happened.” 

Whether we actually cross the threshold is beside the point. The message in 2026 is unmistakable: the window is closing, and those who know aren’t waiting for public consensus. 

The only question now is whether this countdown remains symbolic or serves as advance notice before midnight arrives for real.

Created in 1945 by Manhattan Project Scientists, the 'Doomsday Clock' is a constant reminder of impending global catastrophe. In 2026, the clock ticked closer to midnight than ever before. 

(Image credit: Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists)

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

29-01-2026 om 18:43 geschreven door peter  

Military 3D Printing: How is Additive Manufacturing Changing the Defense Industry

Imagine that essential parts for military equipment are produced not in months, but in days, or even hours, directly on the battlefield.

This isn’t a glimpse into a distant future; it’s happening right now. Armed forces from various nations are rapidly adopting 3D printing, drawn by its potential to slash costs and dramatically boost operational readiness.

Take, for example, the remarkable achievement of constructing a submarine hull in just four weeks using 3D printing, slashing costs by up to 90%. It’s advancements like these that have propelled the global military 3D printing market from $0.88 billion in 2021 to an expected $7.5 billion by 2031.

This rapid growth is not just about economics or innovative solutions; it reflects a profound transformation in military logistics and manufacturing, recognized by 70% of industry leaders.

In this article, we’ll focus on exploring how this game-changing technology is making such a significant impact and what it means for the future of military strategies.

How Does 3D Printing Help the Military?

In military operations, 3D printing is making a statement particularly in repair and maintenance. Over 40% of defense sector users now rely on additive manufacturing for these purposes, with expectations to double this usage as metal additive technologies evolve.

Armies are leveraging 3D printing to consolidate upwards of 70 different parts into a single component, which streamlines both logistics and maintenance workflows. This capability is crucial, especially in conflict zones where traditional supply chains are disrupted, enabling field-deployable printers to significantly accelerate equipment repairs.

The strategic use of 3D printing also reduces supply chain costs considerably. Many organizations report that integrating 3D printing into their operations has enabled them to merge multiple parts into single assemblies, reducing complexity and cost.

The distributed manufacturing capability of 3D printing proves essential for rapid deployments and efficient on-site repairs, underscoring its importance in maintaining continuous military readiness in remote locations.

How is 3D Printing Used in the Military?

3D printing, or additive manufacturing, is revolutionizing the military and defense industries by providing unprecedented flexibility and efficiency in the production of critical components.

Additive manufacturing technology enables on-demand manufacturing of parts, significantly reducing lead times from months to just hours or days, even in remote or combat zones. As a result, military forces can maintain higher levels of operational readiness, with the ability to produce necessary parts directly at field bases, on ships, or via mobile units.

One of the most transformative aspects of 3D printing in the military is its ability to digitally scan broken parts and produce exact replicas or improved versions with minimal downtime. This not only ensures the sustainability of essential equipment but also allows for rapid adaptation to changing battlefield conditions.

The integration of 3D printing has become so profound that it affects the entire product lifecycle within the military—from initial design to field sustainment. This shift has prompted over 90% of existing military users to plan further expansions of their additive manufacturing capabilities.

In addition to creating spare parts for drones and unmanned systems, 3D printing plays a crucial role in sustaining older or out-of-production military equipment.

By allowing for the production of parts that are no longer available, 3D printing helps keep vital vehicles and systems operational.

Field printers, often ruggedized for use in harsh environments, are now standard equipment for units needing to perform battle damage repairs quickly and efficiently near the front lines.

Key Qualification, Certification, and Quality Assurance Considerations

In the military and defense sectors, the adoption of 3D printing technologies goes hand in hand with rigorous qualification, certification, and quality assurance processes to ensure that components meet stringent standards.

Each part produced must consistently demonstrate the required strength, flexibility, and be free from defects to qualify for use in military-grade applications.

Certification processes are critical to establishing trust in the efficacy and reliability of 3D printed parts. These processes often involve extensive testing, including X-ray and CT scanning, to verify the integrity and internal structure of components.

Moreover, maintaining repeatable quality across different printing locations necessitates standardized equipment calibration, secure digital file transfers, and the use of approved materials that meet defense specifications.

The military sector is also pioneering the development of standardized best practices for additive manufacturing.

This includes ongoing research aimed at defining robust testing protocols for both metal and composite parts. Such standardization efforts are crucial for facilitating broader adoption of 3D printing technologies, ensuring interoperability between different military units, and supporting coalition operations.

What are the Different Types of 3D Printing Technologies Used in the Military and Defense Industry?

In the military and defense sectors, several advanced 3D printing technologies are tailored to meet specific operational needs. These include:

• Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF): Ideal for creating durable and heat-resistant components. FFF is widely used for printing portable spare parts and tools directly in the field.
• Metal Powder Bed Fusion: This technology is crucial for manufacturing robust and complex components such as large metal vehicle hulls. It uses a laser to selectively melt metal powder layer by layer, creating parts that are both strong and lightweight.
• Directed Energy Deposition: Used for repairing or adding material to existing components. This method is particularly useful for restoring damaged parts quickly, as it can deposit materials directly onto specific sections of an object.
• Large-scale Concrete Printing: Increasingly used for constructing fortifications such as explosion-proof barriers and bunkers close to or within conflict zones. This technology allows for rapid building of robust structures essential for military operations.

Additional innovative techniques include:

• Cold-spray Methods: These involve spraying a powdered material onto a surface at high velocity to build up shapes. It’s especially beneficial for repairing parts without the high heat typically involved in other 3D printing methods, thus preserving the integrity of the original materials.
• Laser-based Multi-nozzle Systems: Capable of producing large or complex metal parts, such as aircraft brackets and satellite components, these systems with an electroformed inkjet nozzle plate offer precision and scalability, critical for aerospace and defense applications.

What Are The Different Military Branches Leveraging 3D Printing?

3D printing technology has significantly transformed operations across various military bases, enhancing their capabilities in maintenance, logistics, and combat readiness:

• Army: The Army has been a pioneer in adopting 3D printing for field operations, using it to manufacture spare parts and tools on-demand. This reduces logistics burdens and enhances operational efficiency. Additionally, the Army research laboratory is now focused on evaluating thousands of vehicle and electronic components for their suitability to be 3D printed, streamlining maintenance processes and reducing costs.
• Navy: The Navy uses 3D printing to produce complex parts for ships and submarines, reducing lead times and costs. They have also explored the printing of entire submarine sections, which can be assembled to significantly shorten construction timelines and decrease manufacturing costs.
• Air Force: The Air Force has implemented 3D printing for manufacturing parts for aircraft repair and maintenance. This includes critical components that are often no longer available through traditional supply chains. They also use 3D printing for creating customized tools that improve the efficiency of their maintenance processes.
• Marines: Similar to the Army, the Marines employ portable 3D printers in field settings to produce replacement parts and repair damaged equipment quickly. This capability is crucial for maintaining the readiness of their units, especially in remote locations where traditional logistics and supply methods are impractical.

How Does the Army Use 3D Printing?

The Army has integrated 3D printing into its logistics and maintenance strategies with significant success:

• Spare Parts Manufacturing: Deployed 3D printers in 2019 to produce essential spare parts on-demand, dramatically reducing dependency on extensive inventories and improving operational efficiency.
• Equipment Maintenance: French Army installations now include 3D printers for rapid production of parts necessary for maintaining and operating equipment effectively.
• Innovative Research: Army research teams are actively scanning thousands of vehicle and electronics parts to determine their suitability for 3D printing, which can drastically cut costs and lead times.
• Cost Reduction and Efficiency: High-cost items, such as hatch plugs for combat vehicles, which typically have long lead times and high costs, are now being printed in days at a fraction of the cost.
• Construction Projects: The Army is exploring the use of 3D printing to construct large structures like bunkers or shelters quickly using materials like fast-setting concrete.
• Field Repairs: Portable 3D printers are being tested in field conditions, allowing for immediate repairs of battle damage, which is crucial during combat operations.
• Protective Gear: Experiments are underway to use 3D printing for on-demand production of ballistic or protective components, enhancing soldier safety dynamically.

How Does the Navy Use 3D Printing?

The Navy has embraced 3D printing to enhance operational efficiency and logistical capabilities across its fleet. Here are specific examples of how 3D printing is utilized:

• Submarine and Ship Component Production: The production of 3D-printed submarine hull sections within four weeks significantly cuts manufacturing time, traditionally spanning several months, and reduces costs by up to 90%. For instance, a 30-foot submarine hull can be printed in six sections, each at a fraction of the cost of traditional manufacturing methods.
• Propeller Manufacturing: 3D-printed metal propellers, weighing up to 200 kg per blade, are now installed on active-service naval vessels, drastically reducing production lead times.
• Onboard Printing Capabilities: Some ships are equipped with onboard 3D printing labs, enabling the crew to print essential replacement parts like filters and specialized brackets within hours, enhancing self-sufficiency at sea.
• Rapid Construction: The technology is used to rapidly construct durable bunkers and other essential structures using quick-drying concrete, often in less than 36 hours.
• Custom Part Production: There is an increasing use of 3D printing for on-demand production of diverse items, from belt buckles to customized drone parts, which can be tailored to specific needs without waiting for resupply.
• Support and Logistics: « Help desk » style support lines are available for Marines to request custom solutions or share digital files for printing necessary components directly in the field.
• Distributed Manufacturing Trials: Some fleets are experimenting with distributed manufacturing concepts, where vital parts are printed directly at sea, thereby reducing dependency on dockside supply chains and enhancing operational readiness.

Can Ships Be 3D Printed?

Yes, naval branches worldwide are actively testing large-format 3D printing for creating ship hull components and even entire vessel prototypes. This innovative approach not only tests the limits of existing 3D printing capabilities but also paves the way for future advancements in shipbuilding technology. By printing large structural elements, naval forces can significantly shorten production timelines and reduce the logistic complexity involved in ship construction and repair.

Air Force Advancements with 3D Printing

The Air Force is leveraging 3D printing to maintain and enhance its technological edge, especially in the areas of component manufacturing and repair:

• Component Manufacturing for Aircraft: Utilizing 3D and 4D printing technologies, the Air Force produces parts such as overhead panels, reading light covers, window reveals, and gasper panels for C-5 Galaxy transport jets.
• Advanced Material Use: Titanium cockpit parts for stealth jets are now being 3D printed, offering advantages over traditional aluminum parts with extended durability and corrosion resistance.
• Engine Component Production: The first tests of 3D-printed metal engine components on large transport aircraft have been successful, significantly enhancing the responsiveness of the supply chain to maintenance demands.
• Legacy Aircraft Maintenance: Manufacturing spare parts for legacy fighter jets, which are often challenging and costly to source, has become more feasible and efficient with 3D printing.
• Research and Development: Air Force research labs are exploring the use of additively manufactured lightweight drone frameworks and other composite materials, which can reduce aircraft empty weight by up to 55% in some experimental designs, drastically altering the dynamics of aircraft design and functionality.

What Are the Core Applications of 3D Printing in the Defense and Military Industry?

Core applications of 3D printing include the rapid production of complex parts that traditional manufacturing struggles to produce, and the on-site fabrication of critical components, reducing dependency on extensive supply chains. Furthermore, 3D printing contributes significantly to the research and development of new military applications, from advanced weaponry components to protective gear, showcasing its impact on modernizing national defense systems.

Manufacturing Spare Parts On-Demand

The ability to print spare parts on demand revolutionizes logistical operations within the military, particularly in remote or harsh environments. Here are typical examples of spare parts produced through 3D printing:

• Hatch plugs and filters: Essential for vehicle and aircraft maintenance, easily produced on-site.
• Engine brackets and cold water valves: Custom parts that are costly and time-consuming to source traditionally.
• Propulsion components: Critical for the maintenance of air and sea vehicles, these can be printed directly on carriers or at forward operating bases.

Building Military Infrastructure

3D printing also plays a pivotal role in constructing robust military infrastructure swiftly and efficiently. Here are some notable infrastructure projects facilitated by 3D printing:

• Bunkers and Barracks: Printed using advanced, quick-drying concrete, these structures are capable of withstanding extreme conditions and can be erected almost overnight.
• Runways and Bridging Systems: Large-scale 3D printing technology enables the construction of vital infrastructure in otherwise inaccessible locations, significantly enhancing military mobility and response capabilities.

Prototyping New Defense Technologies

3D printing accelerates the development and testing of new military technologies, making rapid prototyping a strategic asset in defense manufacturing:

• Drone Development: Quick iteration of various drone models to enhance surveillance and reconnaissance missions.
• Body Armor: Tailoring advanced body armor to improve protection and mobility for troops.
• Weapons Systems: Developing lighter, more efficient weapon systems with complex geometrical designs not possible with traditional manufacturing.
• Smart Helmets: In 2021, Rice University was awarded a $1.3 million contract to develop a printable « smart helmet » that integrates critical monitoring tech.
• Portable Printing Facilities: ExOne’s introduction of a mobile 3D printing factory in a shipping container exemplifies how units can fabricate parts directly in conflict zones or remote locations, drastically reducing logistic challenges and enhancing mission flexibility.

Creation of Custom Tools and Equipment

The customization capacity of 3D printing allows for tailored solutions that meet specific military needs, improving both efficiency and effectiveness:

• Repair Tools: Custom jigs and fixtures for aircraft and vehicle maintenance, drastically cutting downtime and enhancing field serviceability.
• Mounting Brackets: On-demand printing of brackets for securely mounting communication devices and other equipment on military vehicles.
• Specialized Tools: Production of tools like turbine wrenches, which traditionally are costly and take time to procure, now produced at a fraction of the cost and time.

Medical Applications and Devices

3D printing’s role extends into medical models and applications, providing tailored healthcare solutions that enhance soldier care:

• Prosthetics and Orthotics: Custom-fitted devices that offer improved comfort and functionality, crucial for rehabilitation and enhanced mobility in field conditions.
• Surgical Tools and Implants: Quick production of medical devices like sterile surgical tools and patient-specific implants for use in mobile military medical teams.

Building Military Infrastructure (Extended)

Large-scale 3D printing is also revolutionizing the construction of military infrastructure:

• Protective Structures: Rapid construction of bunkers, barriers, and other protective structures that can be erected to enhance defense readiness within hours.
• Facilities and Housing: Printing of barracks and other essential structures directly in theatre, reducing the need for transport and enabling rapid establishment of operational bases.
• Logistical Support Structures: Potential for constructing storage facilities and even runways using large-format printers, which could transform deployment logistics and operational strategies.

What Materials are Commonly Used in Military and Defense 3D Printing?

In military and defense, 3D printing utilizes a variety of materials tailored to meet stringent requirements for durability, flexibility, and lightness. These materials include:

• Polymers: Reinforced with carbon or glass fibers, these polymers are prized for their strength and lightweight properties, making them ideal for components that require both durability and mobility.
• Metals: Titanium and magnesium alloys are frequently explored for their exceptional strength-to-weight ratios, essential for next-generation vehicles and protective gear. These metals contribute significantly to the operational readiness and agility of military forces.
• Composites: Blending materials like carbon fiber reinforced polymers enables the production of parts that are robust yet significantly lighter than traditional materials, enhancing the mobility of military personnel and equipment.
• Recycled Materials: Initiatives to repurpose plastic waste, such as water bottles, into filament for 3D printers support in-theater manufacturing capabilities, reducing logistic complexities and promoting sustainability within military operations.

Advanced techniques are also in development to optimize these materials for military use:

• Multi-laser Metal Additive Processes: These processes increase the efficiency of fusing titanium powder, cutting production time without sacrificing the quality of parts.
• Cold-Spray Techniques: This method applies metals like aluminum and titanium at high velocities without the high thermal input required by other methods, preserving the integrity of parts that are sensitive to heat.

What are the Benefits of Using 3D Printing in the Military and Defense Industry?

3D printing brings multiple strategic advantages to the military and defense sectors:

• Logistical Efficiency: It simplifies complex supply chains by enabling the local production of parts, reducing dependency on traditional supply lines and minimizing part lead times.
• Weight Reduction: Lighter parts improve fuel efficiency and vehicle mobility, crucial for operational effectiveness in diverse environments.
• Maintenance of Aging Equipment: The technology allows for the economical production of parts for aging platforms that would otherwise be costly or impossible to replace.
• Rapid Prototyping and Innovation: Facilitates the swift development and testing of new defense technologies, significantly speeding up innovation cycles.
• Enhanced Readiness: Printing parts on-demand directly in the field or at remote locations enhances military readiness and operational capability by ensuring that equipment can be maintained and repaired without waiting for replacement parts to be shipped.

What Challenges Face 3D Printing in Military Applications and How Are They Overcome?

Despite its advantages, 3D printing in military applications presents specific challenges that require strategic solutions:

• Material Certification and Quality Control: Ensuring that every printed part meets military standards is critical. Implementing rigorous testing and quality assurance protocols ensures consistency, even in harsh environments.
• Cybersecurity for Digital Files: Protecting the integrity of 3D printing files is paramount to prevent hacking or sabotage. Employing advanced encryption methods and secure communication channels mitigates these risks.
• Training and Adaptability: Training personnel to operate and maintain 3D printers is essential, especially in remote or combat zones. Tailored training programs and robust support systems are crucial for adoption.
• Supply Chain for Specialized Materials: Establishing reliable supply chains for high-quality printing materials can be challenging. Strategic stockpiling and developing relationships with multiple suppliers help mitigate these risks.
• Protecting Intellectual Property: As 3D scanning and reverse engineering become more accessible, safeguarding proprietary designs and repair data is crucial. Utilizing watermarking and other digital protection strategies helps secure intellectual property.

Is 3D Printing Used in the Military and Defense Industry Expensive?

The cost of 3D printing in the military and defense industry varies widely but can often lead to significant savings compared to traditional manufacturing methods. While the initial setup and investment in 3D printing technology can be substantial, the ability to consolidate multiple parts into a single print reduces both material waste and assembly labor, leading to substantial cost reductions over the lifecycle of the manufactured parts.

For instance, real-world applications have demonstrated substantial cost benefits. A submersible hull, traditionally costing between $600,000 to $800,000, was 3D printed for just around $60,000. Such examples underscore the technology’s potential to revolutionize cost structures within the defense sector.

However, potential hidden costs do exist. These include the availability and cost of specialized materials, ongoing machine maintenance, and the need for highly skilled operators. Despite these challenges, the overall cost benefits, including drastically reduced lead times and the simplification of supply chains, often justify the initial investments.

Regulatory and Standardization in Military 3D Printing

Regulatory and standardization processes in military 3D printing are crucial to ensuring that the technology safely integrates into the defense sector. These guidelines focus on maintaining high standards of quality and consistency, essential in a field where the performance and reliability of printed parts can directly impact operational readiness and safety.

Main considerations involve the standardization of materials used, the certification of printed components, and adherence to stringent military specifications and standards. Efforts to standardize 3D printing practices ensure that components are reliable and that production methods meet the rigorous demands of military use.

These regulations not only help in maintaining the integrity of printed materials but also in fostering innovation by setting clear guidelines for material properties, production processes, and part performance.

What Are the Ethical and Security Implications of 3D Printing in the Military and Defense Industry?

The ethical and security implications of 3D printing in the military and defense industry are significant and multifaceted. One of the primary concerns is cybersecurity. The digital nature of 3D printing files makes them susceptible to hacking and unauthorized access, which could lead to the proliferation of sensitive military designs or the creation of unauthorized weapon components.

To counter these risks, stringent security protocols and regulations are essential to prevent unauthorized reproduction and ensure that all printed materials are accounted for and protected. Encryption of 3D printing files and secure transmission methods are crucial in safeguarding these designs from potential adversaries. Additionally, ethical considerations must guide the deployment of this technology, especially in terms of the potential for creating lethal autonomous weapons systems, which must be regulated to prevent misuse.

Compliance Challenges

Navigating the compliance landscape in military 3D printing presents a complex challenge that varies by country but consistently hinges on stringent regulatory standards. These regulations ensure that 3D-printed components rigorously meet military specifications, which are critical for maintaining operational readiness and safety. Additionally, there are import and export controls on certain high-tech materials like advanced metal powders and reinforced filaments, which are crucial for printing durable military-grade parts. Countries actively participate in setting these standards to maintain a balance between innovation and security, ensuring that the advancements in military 3D printing contribute positively to national defense capabilities without compromising control over sensitive technologies.

Standardization of 3D Printing Processes

Standardization in military 3D printing is necessary for ensuring the reliability and interoperability of components across various global locations. Efforts to standardize these processes involve creating common protocols that enhance « build portability, » allowing military organizations to replicate parts in different settings without loss of fidelity. This is particularly relevant in joint operations involving NATO or EU members, where consistent standards are vital for maintaining the compatibility of parts and systems. The pursuit of greater collaboration among these entities emphasizes the need for a unified approach to 3D printing in defense, ensuring that all printed materials adhere to the highest performance and quality standards to support military operations effectively.

How Can Military Organizations Implement 3D Printing Technology Effectively?

Integrating 3D printing into military operations can enhance efficiency and adaptability across various aspects of logistics and manufacturing. Here’s a step-by-step guide to effectively implement this transformative technology:

1. Assessment of Equipment: Evaluate both legacy and current equipment to identify components that can be effectively produced using 3D printing. This step helps in pinpointing which parts can be optimized for 3D printing to reduce costs and improve supply chain resilience.
2. Training Programs: Develop comprehensive training programs for personnel that cover both the design aspects of 3D printing and ongoing printer maintenance. This ensures that the staff is well-equipped to handle the technical demands of additive manufacturing.
3. Digital Libraries: Establish secure, digital libraries for storing 3D design files. These libraries should have robust cybersecurity measures to protect sensitive information and prevent unauthorized access.
4. Material Management: Implement strict procedures for the storage and transport of materials, such as humidity-controlled environments for spool storage. Proper handling of materials is crucial to maintain the integrity and quality of print outputs.
5. Industry Partnerships: Forge partnerships with leaders in the 3D printing industry. Collaborations can lead to advanced training opportunities and joint research and development projects on new materials and printing technologies, further enhancing the military’s capabilities.
6. Data Security: Incorporate rigorous data security measures to handle sensitive designs and protect against cyber threats. This includes encrypted file storage and secure transmission protocols to maintain operational security.

What are the Future Trends and Developments in Military 3D Printing?

The future of military 3D printing is marked by several promising trends and developments that are set to expand its capabilities significantly:

• Advanced Materials: There is a growing focus on metal 3D printing and the development of novel composite materials, which are crucial for producing more durable and lightweight military components.
• Mobility: The continued deployment of mobile, field-deployable additive manufacturing units enables military forces to perform on-site production of essential parts, enhancing operational flexibility and reducing dependency on long supply chains.
• Extraterrestrial Applications: Looking forward, the potential for on-demand manufacturing for space exploration and the establishment of off-planet bases represents an exciting frontier. This includes using local resources for construction, such as moon dust, which could revolutionize the way military and exploratory missions are conducted.

Emerging Technologies in 3D Printing

In the realm of emerging technologies, 3D printing is set to take a significant leap forward with several innovations:

• Metal and Bioprinting: Advancements in metal 3D printing are being complemented by explorations in bioprinting, which could lead to new medical applications beneficial for military personnel.
• AI Integration: The integration of AI with 3D printing technologies allows for real-time adjustments in print parameters, improving the quality and reliability of printed components significantly.
• Local Resource Use: Research into using local planetary materials for building structures on other planets is progressing, potentially enabling the construction of habitats in environments like Mars or the moon using in-situ resources.

Conclusion

As we embrace 3D printing in military strategies, we’re witnessing a game-changing evolution in how we manage logistics and streamline manufacturing processes. This isn’t just about cutting costs or simplifying supply chains; it’s about opening up a world of possibilities for design and production that can keep pace with the demands of modern warfare. Imagine being able to rapidly prototype and roll out essential parts directly in the field, wherever you are. Looking ahead, the future shines bright with potential for innovative materials and revolutionary printing techniques. Together, these advancements are set to boost the efficiency, safety, and adaptability of military operations, making 3D printing a key player in shaping the future of national defense.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Purpose of Creating 3D Printed Food for the Army?

The development of 3D-printed food for the army aims to meet specific nutritional needs with high efficiency. This technology allows for the customization of meals based on the dietary requirements of military personnel, ensuring optimal nutrition. Additionally, 3D printing can produce these rations quickly and potentially on-site in remote areas, which is vital for maintaining the health and readiness of troops deployed around the globe.

Can You 3D Print An Aircraft?

Yes, parts of aircrafts, including lightweight drones and components like wings and fuselage sections, are currently being manufactured using 3D printing technologies. These methods enable the production of complex, lightweight structures that are crucial for modern aviation design. Research is ongoing in large-format metal 3D printing, which is expected to expand capabilities further, allowing for bigger and more complex parts to be efficiently produced with reduced lead times and costs.

{ https://www.raise3d.com/fr/ }

29-01-2026 om 18:32 geschreven door peter  

{ https://thedebrief.org/category/defense/ }

29-01-2026 om 17:44 geschreven door peter  

NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope continues to reveal the secrets of the universe, three and a half decades after its launch, as a new AI technique from the European Space Agency (ESA) identifies more than 800 previously unreported space objects.

Launched in 1990 and still in operation, the Hubble Space Telescope has amassed a vast archive of data over its decades spent scanning the universe. Now, a recent paper in Astronomy & Astrophysics reports the identification of 1,300 unusual objects by AI in just two and a half days, many of which have never appeared in the astronomical literature.

Hubble Image Analysis

The astronomers behind the new research fed their AI neural network 100 million image cutouts from the Hubble Legacy Archive. These cutouts are tiny—only dozens of pixels wide—yet the AI was able to meaningfully determine what they contained.

Galaxies accounted for most of the anomalous cutouts, typically undergoing mergers or other unusual interactions that distorted their morphologies or left them trailing long streams of stars and gas. Other cutouts were identified as spacetime distortions that bent light from distant galaxies into arcs or rings before it reached Hubble.

Small image cutouts from the Hubble Legacy Archive revealed strange anomalies when analyzed by AnomalyMatch.

Credit: NASA, ESA, David O’Ryan (ESA), Pablo Gómez (ESA), Mahdi Zamani (ESA/Hubble)

More unusual cosmic features were also identified, including galaxies resembling jellyfish with strange tentacle-like streams of gas, and edge-on planet-forming disks that appear like hamburgers in the images (several of which can be seen above).

Perhaps most notably, dozens of the objects were so bizarre that they did not fit any existing classification.

Developing AnomalyMatch

The sheer scale of data amassed in the continually expanding archives of Hubble and other telescopes has become so large that it defies traditional human-led analysis. These advanced space observatories generate data at a rate far exceeding that of earlier eras in astronomy. Prior attempts to open the data to citizen scientists have met with some success, but the backlog has grown too large for those initiatives to fully address. Until now, astronomers have relied on manual analysis and the occasional fortunate discovery made while examining specific targets.

While Hubble was constructed by NASA, ESA researchers David O’Ryan and Pablo Gómez developed the solution leveraged by the team for its analysis of this torrent of data. Specifically, the pair created a neural network called AnomalyMatch, which is designed to examine collections of imagery far more quickly than humans can. Still, AnomalyMatch was trained to perform pattern recognition similar to that of humans, allowing it to “learn” to identify rare and unusual objects hidden in the data.

“Archival observations from the Hubble Space Telescope now span 35 years, offering a rich dataset in which astrophysical anomalies may be hidden,” said lead author David O’Ryan.

Among the objects discovered was a collision ring galaxy, a type of disrupted or bent ring-shaped galaxy.

Credit: NASA, ESA, David O’Ryan (ESA), Pablo Gómez (ESA), Mahdi Zamani (ESA/Hubble)

Exploring Hubble and Other Telescopes

Although the team’s initial paper focuses on data retrieved using the Hubble Space Telescope, the technique can be applied more broadly as well. Other platforms, such as ESA’s Euclid mission, are generating vast amounts of data that AnomalyMatch could help process. Crucially, O’Ryan and Gómez’s neural network results have been manually reviewed by astronomers, who have so far confirmed 1,300 of the anomalies flagged by AnomalyMatch.

“This is a powerful demonstration of how AI can enhance the scientific return of archival datasets,” co-author Pablo Gómez said. “The discovery of so many previously undocumented anomalies in Hubble data underscores the tool’s potential for future surveys.”

Future advanced space observatories will also benefit from the implementation of AnomalyMatch. For instance, NASA’s upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will provide a wider field of view than the James Webb Space Telescope, offering yet another enormous data set for astronomers to search through in the years ahead.

The paper, “Identifying Astrophysical Anomalies in 99.6 Million Source Cutouts from the Hubble Legacy Archive using AnomalyMatch,” appeared in Astronomy & Astrophysics on December 16, 2025.

• Ryan Whalen covers science and technology for The Debrief. He holds an MA in History and a Master of Library and Information Science with a certificate in Data Science. He can be contacted at ryan@thedebrief.org, and follow him on Twitter @mdntwvlf.

{ https://thedebrief.org/category/space/ }

28-01-2026 om 23:24 geschreven door peter  

EXCLUSIVE - I've seen possessed children scream like beasts and strung up like puppets... these chilling exorcism cases PROVE hell is real

By STACY LIBERATORE, US SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EDITOR

There is a hidden battlefield within our world, where forces of light and darkness collide, believers say, in a conflict that sometimes spills into everyday life. 

In its most extreme form, the clash is described as possession: a person seemingly seized by demonic beings, their body overtaken, their voice and movements warped into something not quite human. 

For Anglican reverend Chris Lee, 43, this is not a theological abstraction but a reality he has lived with for nearly two decades. 

Speaking to the Daily Mail, Lee said he first began witnessing exorcisms after moving to rural Tanzania aged 24 for mission work while training to become a priest. 

It was there, he said, that he encountered what he described as 'profound things, miracles and movements of darkness and light' that convinced him he was being called into ministry. 

Within just a month of arriving, Lee said he received an urgent call about a student who was violently ill, screaming, vomiting and convulsing in a way he believed went far beyond any normal sickness. 

Other encounters followed, as Lee recalled a teenage boy inside a church who suddenly 'leapt up into the sky,' screamed like a beast, and bolted into the woods, his body moving in a 'puppet-like' way, as if controlled by an unseen force. 

In another case, one that left a deep impression on him, Lee said a girl from a Muslim family began convulsing and speaking in a male voice, declaring, 'I'm one of nine here… this is my house,' as pastors struggled to drive out what they believed was an entity. 

Reverend Chris Lee shared chilling exorcism causes, detailing how the experiences gave him a purpose since giving his life to God at the age of 24

Despite the intensity of these encounters, Lee said he does not feel afraid. Instead, he described feeling purposeful, and at times angry, at what he sees as an invasion of something sacred. 

'It's like a burglar in a house,' he said. 'Get out. You don't have this right.' 

For Lee, prayer and faith are not symbolic gestures but sources of authority, and he believes he is standing on the side of Christ in a spiritual battle he says is as real as any physical one.

His early spiritual awakening began after he abandoned a conventional life at age 21 and moved to Tanzania. 

'I was 24 when I was ordained, so I was one of the youngest in the Church of England at the time,' Lee said, explaining how quickly his calling took root. 

He left a career in property development, sold his house and moved into a remote Maasai region without electricity or running water. 

While his new home was far from a lap of luxury, it was where he knew he wanted to dedicate his life to the ministry. 

'It was there that I was able to ask big, profound questions of life, and it was there that I discovered my love for God, and felt His presence so much more in my life,' said Lee. 

He moved from England to Tanzania for mission work and within only a month, he performed his first exorcism (stock) 

When he asked his bishop if he could begin theological training, he was told to start almost immediately. 'He said, yes, you can start on Thursday,' Lee recalled, noting this moment marked the beginning of a long ministry in which he repeatedly confronted spiritual forces he believes are very real.

His first encounter came when he was in charge of students in Tanzania, and was called to see a student who was very ill. 

'I came into the room of this person, and I was expecting them to be lying down and being sick, but the person was screaming around the room and vomiting at the same time,' he said. 

The sight caught Lee completely off guard, as he was not witnessing a normal sickness. 

'I didn't have a spectrum of understanding of what was going on,' the reverend admitted. 'So in that moment I just prayed, "Lord, give me what I need to help this girl."'

After praying in the room, Lee contacted a German missionary who was in the area, hoping to get assistance. 

'When he arrived, just before we went in, I said, "Be aware, it's very disturbing. She's screaming, moving around the room, and vomiting,"' said Lee. 

'He said, "Okay, fine." We walked in, and she was suddenly completely normal. She was sitting up and talking. I was actually quite embarrassed. I thought, "What is going on?"'

He believes possession come after some kind of trauma that opens a dark door into the person's life, allowing demonic beings to take over 

The German missionary asked other students about the girl, who said she was someone afflicted by the demonic. 

Lee believes this was his first encounter with evil, but by no means his last. 

He recalled another chilling case that occurred while he was traveling to another church in the area, a church made of sticks. 

The bishop at the time was performing baptisms for the children, laying his hands on their heads for a blessing. 

'He was going along the line, laying his hands to bless the children,' said Lee. 'It was a teenage boy who suddenly leapt up into the sky just before the bishop was about to lay his hands on him.

'He started screaming, like a beast, like a lion, and then he ran into the wall.'

The boy was taken out of the church and placed on the ground with a blanket pulled over his head. 

As Lee and others approached quietly across the sand to pray, he said the boy began to tremble. Lee said the shaking intensified the closer they came, which he interpreted as a sign that whatever was afflicting the child was aware of their presence and reacting to it. 

'He picked up and ran away from us, screaming, into the woods. As he was running, it was very strange, because the way he moved was not like a normal person,' Lee said.

'It was as if he were one of those puppets on strings, his limbs were being used, but not in the correct way. 

'It was a very surreal experience, watching him flee in this almost puppeteered way, as if something inside him was controlling him, but not the way a normal human being would be controlled.'

The boy was brought back to the church, where the crowd surrounded him in prayer.

'I remember his eyes burning, with a real blackness, a darkness in his eyes, and we were commanding the spirit in him to leave, and he was growling, and barking at us,' the reverend recalled. 

Lee and the bishop laid their hands on the boy, commanding the demonic entity leave his small body, and in a moment, the child fell to the ground and began hyperventilating.

Then there was his experience with the young Muslim girl who would stay at his church.

 One day, the girl mysteriously fell to the floor and began shaking and screaming. 'What was interesting was that voices were speaking out of her,' Lee said. 

'The main voice was a male voice speaking in Swahili to the pastor who was leading the deliverance at that moment. 

'It said, "I'm one of nine here, and she's let us in." The language the demon used was, "This is my house. You have no claim over her. She's ours." 'We were saying, "No, in the name of Jesus, you need to get out."'

Another pastor came, telling Lee and the others to stop the exorcism. 

'He said she hadn't yet accepted Christ in her heart, and if we delivered her now, it could be made worse,' said Lee. 

'Biblically, he explained, if you clear the house, seven more can come back in unless the person has received Christ. His concern was that we might clear space for more to enter her. 

'So it was stopped in that moment. Her parents were informed, and they collected her. 

'My understanding is that she returned to school a few weeks later, which suggests her parents took her to a deliverance expert in Dar es Salaam or Morogoro, where I believe she was delivered. 

'She was an interesting case because she would come off the ground in violent surges, then stand up and contort, speaking in a male voice. That was one of the more severe cases.'

Lee suggested that these children may have suffered some kind of trauma in their lives, which opened a dark door for the demonic entities. 

'These experiences have made the realities of what I read in the Bible more real to me, the realities of the spiritual realm and the fact that we aren't just physical beings,' he explained. 

'We are spiritual beings, and our spirit is wrapped up in the physical. We are both of these things held as one.'

'The realities of darkness and light became more pronounced. In a world where we're struggling to seek and find truth, and where people say 'my truth' and 'your truth,' this cuts through that. It's quite clear: there is evil, there is good, there is truth, and there are lies.'

'I think it wakes you up to that reality, and it makes my faith more pronounced in myself. In a way, it strengthened my faith rather than wounded it.'

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28-01-2026 om 23:00 geschreven door peter  

Lost tomb of the mysterious 'cloud people' unearthed after 1,400 years in 'discovery of the decade'

By STACY LIBERATORE, US SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EDITOR

It has been hailed as 'the most significant archaeological discovery in a decade.'

Archaeologists in Mexico have uncovered a 1,400-year-old tomb in the Central Valleys of Oaxaca that had been lost to history.

The stone structure, built by the Zapotec culture, known as Be'ena'a, or 'The Cloud People', is adorned with sculptures, murals and carved symbols that suggest ritual significance.

The Zapotec believed their ancestors descended from the clouds and that, in death, their souls returned to the heavens as spirits.

At the entrance sits a massive carved owl, its open beak revealing the face of a Zapotec lord, a symbol the National Institute of Anthropology and History said represented death and power.

The doorway is framed by a stone threshold and lintel, above which a frieze of engraved slabs displays ancient calendrical names.

Flanking the entrance are carved figures of a man and woman wearing headdresses and holding ritual objects, likely guardians of the tomb.

Inside the burial chamber, preserved sections of a vibrant mural remain intact, showing a procession of figures carrying bundles of copal as they move toward the tomb's entrance.

Archaeologists in Mexicohave uncovered a 1,400-year-old tomb in the Central Valleys of Oaxaca that had been lost to history

At the entrance sits a massive carved owl, its open beak revealing the face of a Zapotec lord

Mexico's president, Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo, said: 'It is the most important archaeological discovery of the last decade in Mexico due to its level of preservation and the information it provides.'

The Zapotecs have a history spanning over 2,500 years. 

They established a major pre-Columbian civilization centered at Monte Albán, which featured advanced agriculture and writing.

The Zapotec civilization mysteriously declined in the area around 900 AD.

However, the people did not completely disappear, as there are at least 400,000 living today.

Mexico's Secretary of Culture, Claudia Curiel de Icaza, said the 'exceptional discovery' of the tomb was due to its preservation. 

She added that it reveals how the Zapotec culture was a social organization with funerary rituals.

'It is a compelling example of Mexico's ancient grandeur, which is now being researched, protected, and shared with society,' she continued.  

The stone structure, built by the Zapotec culture, known as Be'ena'a, or 'The Cloud People', is adorned with sculptures, murals and carved symbols that suggest ritual significance

Pictured is the giant owl above the tomb's entrance

An interdisciplinary team from the INAH Oaxaca Center is currently working to conserve and protect the tomb, focusing on stabilizing the fragile mural painting. Experts say the mural’s condition is delicate due to root growth, insect activity, and sudden shifts in temperature and humidity.

At the same time, researchers are conducting ceramic, iconographic and epigraphic studies, along with physical anthropology analyses, to better understand the rituals, symbols and funerary practices connected to the tomb.

In 2024, archaeologists announced the discovery of tunnels that the ancient Zapotec civilization believed to be the 'entrance to the underworld' had been found beneath a centuries-old church.

Mitla, meaning place of the dead, was a city in southern Mexico known for its association with Pitao Bezelao, the Zapotec god of death.

But the Spanish arrived in the 16th Century and razed the city, building a church on the ruins of its most important temple.

A priest later wrote that 'the back door of hell' lay under the city – huge caverns believed to be the entrance to the Zapotec underworld.

But they were walled up, he said, and later excavations failed to find anything matching the scale of his description – until now.

Using non-invasive techniques, archaeologists recently revealed a series of chambers and tunnels beneath the city.

Five different sets of ruins were probed: the church group, the arroyo group, the adobe group, the south group, and the group of the columns.

Pictured is the face of the Zapotec god inside the owl's mouth

In 2024, archaeologists announced the discovery of tunnels that the ancient Zapotec civilization believed to be the 'entrance to the underworld' had been found beneath a centuries-old church 

Using non-invasive techniques, archaeologists recently revealed a series of chambers and tunnels beneath the city

Marco Vigato, founder of the ARX Project, which is leading the search, said: 'Some of the tunnels and chambers extend to a considerable depth, in excess of 50 feet.

The underground tunnels were revealed using a combination of ground penetrating radar, electric resistivity tomography, and seismic noise tomography. 

The first method uses radar waves to model the subsurface, while the second detects buried structures by measuring the flow of electricity through the earth.

Instead of electricity, the final method measures the speed at which seismic waves move through the ground.

Just how old the tunnels are is yet to be established.

'Natural caves in the area of Mitla have been occupied and partially modified by humans for thousands of years,' Vigato said:

'The earliest evidence of crop domestication in the area of Mitla dates back almost 10,000 years.

'There is no indication at the moment as to the possible age of the tunnels under the church or the other groups of structures at Mitla.

'They may have been created by the Zapotecs, or they could be much older.'

He added: 'The findings from the geophysical scans will have to be confirmed with archaeological methods.

'This could determine the nature of the cavities identified under the site and whether they contain any artifacts of archaeological significance.'

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28-01-2026 om 22:13 geschreven door peter  

A military‑grade device capable of projecting a deafening, focused sound was deployed during a tense anti‑ICE protest in Minnesota Monday night.

State patrol troopers faced off with activists outside the SpringHill Suites in Maple Grove, where demonstrators believed federal immigration agents were staying.

Officers threatened to engage a long‑range acoustic device (LRAD), giving the crowd a countdown before deployment. 

The system, a highly directional loudspeaker, can emit piercing deterrent tones or amplified voice commands over long distances and was originally developed for military and crowd‑control use.

Experts warn that exposure to the device at close range can cause permanent hearing loss, ruptured eardrums, constant ringing in the ears, migraines, nausea, balance problems and even panic responses.

Marine Colonel Mark Cancian, a senior adviser for the Center for Strategic and International Studies, said, 'We used it in Iraq … if you're in the cone, it sounds like the voice of God is speaking to you.'

State patrol officials said they checked the device's volume, issued dispersal notices and did not actually use tones or sirens, despite reports circulating on social media.

The night ended with 26 arrests, whom the police said were allegedly taking part in 'unlawful assembly and riotous conduct.'

Minnesota police threatened protesters on Monday with a long‑range acoustic device (LRAD), giving the crowd a countdown before deployment

Monday's demonstration came on the heels of a shooting on Saturday.

Alex Pretti, 37, was killed shortly after 9am local time after an altercation involving multiple federal officers. 

The protest in the Minneapolis suburb came as federal law enforcement leadership in the state was in flux, with Border Patrol Commander Gregory Bovino and some agents expected to soon leave Minnesota after intense public scrutiny of recent actions by immigration authorities.

It was not immediately clear whether Bovino or other federal agents were staying at the hotel where demonstrators gathered. 

The department issued a statement saying: 'While we respect First Amendment rights, we will not tolerate property damage or violence in our community.'

The protest was declared unlawful after demonstrators caused property damage and engaged in violent behavior, which is not protected under the First Amendment. Officers deployed the LRAD after the crowd failed to comply with a dispersal order.

The military-grade loudspeaker can project spoken commands at intense volumes or emit piercing tones designed to get attention and deter movement. 

Even when only issuing voice commands, the device can be overwhelming.

State patrol troopers faced off with protesters outside the SpringHill Suites in Maple Grove, where demonstrators believed federal immigration agents were staying

'I think we saw that in the video there of the system, because it's so loud, I mean, it pushes you back,' Cancian told CBS News.

The system was developed as a non-lethal alternative to traditional crowd-control methods such as pepper spray, tear gas, and rubber bullets. 

'In some situations where you might end up using force, kinetic force, or even lethal force, you know this can avoid that and avoid permanent damage to people,' said Cancian. 

LRAD uses an array of high-frequency speakers to produce highly directional sound, concentrating audio into a narrow beam rather than dispersing it broadly.

This technology allows sound to travel long distances while maintaining clarity, so spoken messages or warning tones can be heard over ambient noise.

The LRAD system can switch between voice communication and a high-decibel deterrent tone, with volume and frequency precisely controlled by the operator.

The device is portable and can be mounted on vehicles, tripods or handheld platforms, and operators can adjust range, angle, and intensity depending on the situation.

It has been suggested that this is the same 'secret sonic' weapon President Donald Trump said US special forces used during the daring capture of the Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro earlier this month.

Police did not active the system but used voice commands to deter the crowd

The night ended with 26 arrests, whom the police said were allegedly taking part in 'unlawful assembly and riotous conduct'

Trump bragged last week that 'nobody else' has it, while glorifying the capabilities of the US military.

The exact nature of the weapon and how it was used is unknown. Trump was coy when giving details during an interview with NewsNation anchor Katie Pavlich.

Pavlich asked Trump whether Americans should be 'afraid' of these sonic devices.

'Well, yeah,' Trump responded.

He then added that only the US military has access to the sonic weapons by noting, 'It's something I don't wanna… nobody else has it.'

'But we have weapons nobody else knows about.' Trump continued. 'And, I say it's probably good not to talk about it, but we have some amazing weapons.'

Following the capture of Maduro, reports surfaced that special forces used unknown sonic weapons to disable the Cuban bodyguards assigned to protect the Venezuelan dictator.

Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt took to X to share an interview with an unnamed security guard who claimed to be working the night the US struck Venezuela and took Maduro on drug trafficking charges.

'Stop what you are doing and read this,' she wrote, alongside five American flag emojis.

The interview saw the security guard reveal the terrifying capabilities of the mysterious new US military weapon, which he described as a 'very intense sound wave' that disabled Venezuelan forces. 

'Suddenly I felt like my head was exploding from the inside,' the security guard reportedly said. 'We all started bleeding from the nose. Some were vomiting blood. We fell to the ground, unable to move. 

'We couldn't even stand up after that sonic weapon or whatever it was.' 

The security guard claimed moments before the raid that snatched Maduro, 'all our radar systems shut down without any explanation.' Then eight helicopters arrived and around 20 soldiers descended.

'They didn't look like anything we've fought against before,' the guard claimed.

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28-01-2026 om 21:36 geschreven door peter  

Story by Mitchelle Abrams

©Image Credit: cottonbro studio/pexels

The first humans created by God
Genesis begins with the creation of Adam from dust and Eve from Adam’s rib, providing the biblical account of the origin of humanity. This divine creation is a clear departure from other creation myths, as it stresses that human beings were the only beings created by God. Moreover, this lesson on Adam and Eve presents a unique perspective on human origins, emphasizing a divine meaning.

Many scholars, as cited in the Journal of Creation and The Bible and Science Journal, argue that this narrative suggests that humans were created with inherent dignity and a unique purpose that sets them apart from other creatures.

Although the evolution and scientific findings on the human genome have painted a new picture of how human beings developed biologically, the religious interpretation has maintained that the creation story holds the ultimate truth about how we developed spiritually and about our relation with the divine.

©Image Credit: cottonbro studio/pexels

The first humans created by God
Genesis begins with the creation of Adam from dust and Eve from Adam’s rib, providing the biblical account of the origin of humanity. This divine creation is a clear departure from other creation myths, as it stresses that human beings were the only beings created by God. Moreover, this lesson on Adam and Eve presents a unique perspective on human origins, emphasizing a divine meaning.

Many scholars, as cited in the Journal of Creation and The Bible and Science Journal, argue that this narrative suggests that humans were created with inherent dignity and a unique purpose that sets them apart from other creatures.

Although the evolution and scientific findings on the human genome have painted a new picture of how human beings developed biologically, the religious interpretation has maintained that the creation story holds the ultimate truth about how we developed spiritually and about our relation with the divine.

©Image Credit: Chalo Garcia/pexels

Made in God's image
According to Gen 1:27, human beings are created in the image of God, a reality with far-reaching consequences. This verse means that Adam and Eve, and by extension everyone in the world, have something in common with God- they possess qualities like reason, creativity, and the ability to make moral judgments. The idea of creating in the image of God is still central to the equality and dignity of the entire human race in the modern world.

This lesson addresses contemporary challenges in human rights, social justice, and equality. According to theologians like Alister McGrath and articles in Psychology Today, it is these divine attributes that place humans in a special position in the created world and identify them as bearers of moral responsibility and ethical consciousness.

©Image Credit: icon0com/pexels

Placed in Eden
Adam and Eve began their lives in the Garden of Eden, a paradise described in Genesis 2:8 as full of beauty and abundance. The garden was a physical place, but above all, it represented harmony between man and creation. It is this ideal environment that gives the impression of how the world should have been as a harmonious, peaceful, and communicative place with God.

Nowadays, this biblical story can be heard in terms of environmental and sustainability conversations. The fact that humanity was initially put in a garden to enjoy the fruit and take care of it is consistent with contemporary ecological stewardship programs. Indeed, environmental groups, such as the World Wildlife Fund, state that biblical ideas of stewardship can serve as a helpful guide for current conservation efforts.

©Image Credit: Helenalopes/pexels

Given responsibility
God assigned Adam the duty of taking care of the earth by giving him the responsibility to work and maintain the Garden of Eden (Genesis 2:15). This notion is not limited to physical work. Still, it extends to the greater duty that human beings have to the creation and to one another. This concept of stewardship in a modern context can be applied to preserving the environment and conducting ethical business.

ResearchGate reports that society is increasingly aware of the importance of living obligingly, in which responsibility and ethical conduct are essential to the well-being of future generations. The religious appeal to human beings to defend and care for the earth is a timeless call that still resonates in the new debates over sustainable practices, urban planning, and social responsibility.

©Image Credit: Onder Ceneviz/pexels

Marriage covenant
The Bible mentions in Genesis 2:22-24 the story of the creation of Eve from Adam’s rib, and this was always understood as a representation of equality and unity in marriage. The text emphasizes the value of companionship, implying that human relationships should be defined by mutual respect, partnership, and love. Even today, marriage is considered one of the most important social institutions, but attitudes toward it have shifted.

A Pew Research Center study found that half of U.S. adults believe that marriage is a vital social institution. Still, website trends indicate that a significant segment of the population is delaying marriage or choosing other forms of cohabitation. Nevertheless, even with the changes to these values, the biblical concept of marriage as the unity and equality still serves as a reference point in religious circles and affects the modern debate concerning gender roles and family units.

©Image Credit: Pavel Danilyuk/pexels

Command of obedience
God commanded Adam and Eve not to eat the fruit of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, but they disobeyed. This is a turning point (Genesis 2:17) when the concept of free will and moral decision-making in human existence was introduced. The order to obey was not a limitation but a challenge to have faith in God’s wisdom. The tension between individual responsibility and societal responsibility is discussed in modern ethical discourse, including law and psychology.

According to The Atlantic, the desire and duty conflict, and being in this situation is not new; the case of Adam and Eve is when they chose to listen to their desire rather than God’s order. This motif of obedience remains prominent in the human experience, particularly in moral decision-making today.

©Image Credit: Andres Ayrton/pexels

Temptation and fall
The temptation of Eve by the serpent and her consequent decision to taste the forbidden fruit and the involvement of Adam is what is popularly known as the Fall of Man (Genesis 3:1-6). This is a fundamental incident in Christian theology: the introduction of sin into the world. It has been viewed as an allegory of human nature: being tempted to choose something that results in something not so good.

This is corroborated by studies in behavioral science, such as those conducted by psychologist Roy Baumeister, who demonstrate that human beings are generally prone to temptation, particularly when it comes to short-term gratification rather than long-term rewards.

©Image Credit: Ron Lach/pexels

Consequences of sin
After being disobedient, Adam and Eve were severely punished with pain and suffering, and they were later sent to their deaths (Genesis 3:16-19). The effects of these repercussions brought a new reality to humankind, in which work, pain, and death became part of the human condition. Theologically, this is usually regarded as the cause of human suffering.

Recent sociological research, including that published in The Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, indicates that suffering is a global experience that prompts us to question the meaning of life and its purpose. The Bible insists that this was not the end of the world; even in light of the dismal outcomes of their deeds, the human race could still be redeemed.

©Image Credit: serezniy/123rf

Promise of redemption
Although this was already anticipated in the Fall, Genesis 3:15 outlined the promise of redemption, stating that God would triumph over evil in the future. The verse has been believed to be the first prophecy of the messiah coming to bring back the lost. The Christians view this promise as fulfilled in the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ.

The issue of redemption remains one of the principal themes of contemporary Christian theology and has been applied to numerous cultural stories concerning how to triumph over evil. According to The Gospel Coalition, the idea of redemption resonates with individuals seeking meaning in their difficulties, which explains its continued relevance today.

©Image Credit: cottonbro studio/pexels

Parents of humanity
Adam and Eve were the parents of all humanity, and Eve is also referred to as the mother of all living (Genesis 3:20). The concept emphasizes the interconnectedness of all individuals, regardless of background or race. The similarity in the origin of all humans is supported by scientific research in genetics and anthropology, thus providing a scientific basis for this biblical fact.

Scientists, such as those at National Geographic, have discussed the idea of the most recent common matrilineal ancestor of all modern humans, known as mitochondrial Eve, which highlights the relationship between the Bible’s stories and scientific discoveries.

©Image credit: bangoland via 123r

Key takeawayf
The Adam and Eve narrative offers profound insights into the human condition, the creation of humanity, the fall, and the promise of redemption. These biblical realities are still applicable in the modern world and help us understand what it means to be responsible human beings, to build relationships, and to make moral decisions that define our humanity.

The story of Adam and Eve still reverberates, whether in environmental stewardship, marriage, or the repercussions of sin. Through these facts, we are reminded of the common cause we share and of our ability to be redeemed and renewed.

Disclosure: This article was developed with the assistance of AI and was subsequently reviewed, revised, and approved by our editorial team.

Disclaimer – This list is solely the author’s opinion based on research and publicly available information. It is not intended to be professional advice.

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The Shocking Truth About Adam & Eve

ADAM and EVE Bible Story | The Creation and The Fall

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28-01-2026 om 20:46 geschreven door peter  

Story by Gege L

Perseverance looks upstream along Neretva Vallis, the ancient river valley which once fed water into Jezero crater, over 3.5 billion years ago. The light-toned rocks in the foreground comprise fine-grained mudstones of the Bright Angel formation.

Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU/MSSS

New findings from NASA's Perseverance rover have revealed evidence of wave-formed beaches and rocks altered by subsurface water in a Martian crater that once held a vast lake—considerably expanding the timeline for potential habitability at this ancient site. In an international study led by Imperial College London, researchers uncovered that the so-called "Margin unit" in Mars's Jezero crater preserves evidence of extensive underground interactions between rock and water, as well as the first definitive traces of an ancient shoreline.

Perseverance views potential shoreline deposits in the Eastern Margin Unit with Mastcam-Z on Sol 934.

Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU/MSSS

These are compelling indicators that habitable, surface water conditions persisted in the crater (home to a large lake around 3.5 billion years ago) further back in time than previously thought. "Shorelines are habitable environments on Earth, and the carbonate minerals that form here can naturally seal in and preserve information about the ancient environment," said lead author Alex Jones, a Ph.D. researcher in the Department of Earth Science and Engineering (ESE) at Imperial.

"Our findings therefore have exciting implications for Mars's past climate and habitability, while providing new insights into a geologic unit which has long had a debated origin." The work is published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets.

From rock to beach

Deployed on Mars since 2021 to search for signs of past life, NASA's Perseverance rover spent nearly a year extensively exploring the "Margin unit," a geologic unit lining the inner rim of Jezero crater between 2023 and 2024. The unit was a critical target for exploration since it is rich in carbonate minerals; these precipitate from liquid water and often trap organic molecules on Earth, making them excellent at preserving any potential biosignatures that are present in the environment.

Before Perseverance's arrival, the origin of the unit was contested—some scientists proposed that it formed as a sedimentary deposit along the edge of the ancient Jezero lake, while others argued it was an igneous rock later altered by water.

The study analyzed a multitude of high-resolution outcrop and grain-scale images captured by Perseverance's cameras to confirm that both hypotheses are in fact true to some degree.

It showed that much of the unit's structure and grain-scale texture is consistent with an altered igneous rock, likely formed from a large magma chamber or lava lake in the crater. After it cooled and solidified, crystals of olivine within the unit were heavily altered by circulating carbon dioxide-rich subsurface water, transforming into iron- and magnesium-carbonates. These findings therefore offer exciting evidence of sustained water-rock activity deep beneath the surface.

"This transformation, which builds on recently published work we also contributed to, indicates that water circulated below the surface of the Margin unit, altering the rock over vast timescales," said study author Professor Sanjeev Gupta of Imperial's Department of Earth Science and Engineering. "On Earth, this kind of subsurface hydrothermal environment is known to support microbial life."

Revealing the shoreline

Perhaps the most intriguing discovery lay in the lower-elevation regions of the Margin unit. Here, the team identified clearly layered sandstones containing rounded, sand-sized grains of olivine and carbonate. These sedimentary rocks have structures that are textbook indicators of waves acting in a shoreline environment.

"We are looking at what was once a beach," said Jones, who carried out the work during the first year of his Ph.D., with Professor Gupta and Dr. Rob Barnes, a Research Associate in the Department. "The waves of the Jezero lake eroded and reworked the local, igneous bedrock, rounding the grains and depositing them as a sandy layer along the shore."

He added, "The fact that this ancient beach sits underneath the Jezero river delta also tells us that the calm lake conditions that are hospitable for life existed here even earlier than we previously thought."

Extending the habitability window at Jezero

The evidence of water-rich conditions extending further back into the history of Jezero crater builds on Jones's recent work which found evidence of a comparatively young, perched lake at Jezero crater.

The international study, led by the group at ESE, investigated a series of rocks (called the "Bright Angel" formation) in the upstream reaches of the dried-up river valley which once fed water into the former Jezero lake.

Surprisingly, rather than the sandy or gravelly deposits typically left behind by rivers, the team found thick layers of mudstone: evidence that this part of the valley was once underwater. Their work suggests that billions of years ago, the valley was blocked, forming a dammed lake upstream.

Both these studies drew on crucial skills that Jones first gained from his undergraduate degree in the Department, including geologic mapping, sedimentology, stratigraphy and igneous petrology. "This fittingly showcases how our core teaching is exploited on real space missions that are striving to answer some of life's most fundamental and pertinent questions," said Professor Gupta.

Return to Earth

Now, three core samples collected by Perseverance from the Margin unit, and one from the Bright Angel formation, are awaiting return to Earth by the forthcoming Mars Sample Return mission. Laboratory analyses of these samples will allow scientists to precisely date igneous and sedimentary events at the crater, decode the climate conditions from carbonate chemistry, and search for signs of any potential biosignatures preserved in the samples.

"These findings show that the history of water in Jezero crater was far more complex in both time and space than we imagined," said Jones, who is also a student collaborator on NASA's Mars 2020 mission. "Jezero crater continues to prove it is the ideal place to investigate past habitability on Mars, and to help answer the question of whether life ever emerged."

More information: 

• Alexander J. Jones et al, Stratigraphy of Carbonate‐Bearing Rocks at the Margin of Jezero Crater, Mars: Evidence for Shoreline Processes?, Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets (2026). DOI: 10.1029/2025je009111

• Provided by Imperial College London
• This story was originally published on Phys.org.
  

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28-01-2026 om 18:44 geschreven door peter  

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27-01-2026 om 23:56 geschreven door peter  

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27-01-2026 om 23:32 geschreven door peter