Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 13 YEARS.
ON 06/06/2024 MORE THAN 2.056.610
VISITORS FROM 134 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
03-11-2018
'War of the Worlds': Fake news that spawned ugly fake news — and holds lessons for today
'War of the Worlds': Fake news that spawned ugly fake news — and holds lessons for today
The purported mass panic tied to the 1938 broadcast is a myth that won't die. While some newspapers reported responsibly at the time, others sensationalized and put forth harmful stereotypes.
By Jefferson Pooley and Michael J. Socolow
ASSOCIATED PRESS FILE PHOTO
Orson Welles, center, spoke to reporters on Oct. 31, 1938, the day after his dramatization of “War of the Worlds” aired on radio. Recent scholarship indicates that, contrary to popular belief, few people were panicked by the broadcast.
Eighty years ago this week, CBS broadcast Orson Welles’ adaptation of “War of the Worlds,” and mass panic ensued. Or did it?
We know today that the popular story of the mass panic sparked by “War of the Worlds,” a radio drama staged as a normal news broadcast interrupted by breaking reports of an alien invasion, was far overblown. In a nation of about 130 million people, fewer than 50 Americans were panicked enough to flee outside. That number emerges from recent scholarship by historian A. Brad Schwartz and others who have explored the scope of the panic in the past decade.
But the myth that thousands mobbed the streets remains powerful. Sensationalist journalism at the time was later validated by social scientists and relayed by historians, creating a myth that just won’t die. Efforts to debunk this myth reveal that fake news doesn’t just distort the historical record but also often spreads damaging racial and gendered stereotypes.
Newspapers that reported on the panic did so in ways that advanced ideas of racial inferiority. “Harlem was shaken by the ‘news,’ ” read one subhead in the New York Times. The Brooklyn Daily Eagle offered a similar, if more fanciful, account. “Sugar Hill in Harlem was transformed from a gay neighborhood into one in which sober, frightening thoughts were uppermost. Excited Negroes rushed into the parlor congregations they had ignored for years to join in singing spirituals. They were welcomed by their more pious brothers and sisters with ‘I told you so,’ as they changed their tune from swinging and swigging to hymning and praying,” the newspaper reported.
The racism in these reports was often coupled with gender stereotypes. Frightened mobs of women and children made appearances in newspapers throughout America. One famous example emerged from Providence, R.I., when “women in hysterical tears … besieged the switchboard of the Providence Journal.”
As with the mobs of frightened African-Americans, none of these women were identified or quoted. Even the policemen involved apparently preferred to withhold their identities. Everyone remained nameless. When researchers from Princeton University later analyzed approximately 12,000 news articles about the panic, the review “failed to produce more than a half dozen interviews” for a follow-up study. That’s because, with few exceptions, real names of actual people weren’t published — but racist and misogynistic stereotypes were.
Some newspapers, however, searched for facts, not tropes. And quite a few discovered little actual panic. “Maine Refused to Get Excited,” read the headline of a piece in the Lewiston Daily Sun. “The nationwide wave of hysteria generated by the Sunday night broadcast … apparently failed to affect Dubuque,” noted the Telegraph-Herald in Dubuque, Iowa. In Chicago, Salt Lake City and elsewhere, some newspapers relayed the lack of any detectable local panic.
Perhaps the most professional reporting to occur that evening came out of the Long Island Daily Press newsroom. Once the phone started ringing, the Press’ reporters and editors got an idea. They decided to conduct a telephone poll of 50 people, and found only four were tuned into the broadcast but “none of them were upset.” More than half of the people telephoned weren’t even listening to the radio, thus confirming the findings of the C.E. Hooper nationwide ratings survey. The Hooper survey established that the ratings for “War of the Worlds” were tiny, and it concluded that 98 percent of Americans were listening to something else, or not listening to the radio, when “War of the Worlds” was on the air.
The Daily Press telephone survey was excellent journalism. Once alerted to a rumor, the newspaper’s staff investigated its reality and reported results. Yet nobody has cited their work. It was forgotten until Tom Tryniski digitized the defunct newspaper’s front page and put it on the Web, where we found it.
The discovery of this forgotten reporting, when compared with the cultural memory inspired by the media’s sensationalism, pinpoints the issues arising when historians inadvertently rely on the fake news from the past. In this case, the mass panic as commonly understood didn’t happen — but newspaper journalists believed that readers would pay for stories about huge mobs of panic-stricken citizens. Their unethical and sensational journalism was a response to economic and social incentives. (Today’s fake news is responsive to these same incentives.)
This episode provides a clear example of the process by which fake news can quickly become ingrained deeply in American culture. Political decisions, governmental administrative moves and even social theory in the United States were made based on the idea that masses of panicked listeners fled their homes, terrorized by the radio — even though it didn’t happen that way.
The lesson is clear. Both journalists and scholars need to be more self-aware and skeptical whenever sensational stories about media manipulation arise. Today’s fake news can just as easily inform tomorrow’s social psychology and history textbooks.
Jefferson Pooley is associate professor of media & communication at College in Allentown, Pa. Michael J. Socolow teaches journalism at the University of Maine.
Where there’s water, there’s usually life — at least on Earth — and we just got confirmation that there used to be far more water on the surface of Mars than scientists previously believed.
The news comes courtesy of a team of researchers from the SETI Institute and NASA’s Ames Research Center. They’ve identified dozens of potential “paleolakes” — lakes that existed when the climate of a region was different than it is today — in the southern hemisphere of Mars. And the finding could forever change the hunt for extraterrestrial life.
On The Map
We already knew of one potential paleolake located in the northeastern part of Hellas, a massive basin in the southern hemisphere of Mars. In a study published in the journal Astrobiology on Tuesday, the researchers detail their discovery of 33 more.
The team conducted a detailed hydrogeographic analysis of the region, mapping its channels and depressions to suss out where additional Martian lakes may have once existed. This turned up the 33 new paleolakes.
By looking at each paleolake’s distinct characteristics, the team was even able to identify its most probable source of water: precipitation, groundwater, or rivers and streams.
Life On Mars
The discovery of these paleolakes is about more than just mapping the geology of Mars. It could also inform our search for life on the Red Planet.
As the researchers note in the paper, the former Martian lakes could contain the biological record of what, if any, life once existed on the planet, so as we plan future missions to Mars, we might want to consider devoting significant time to exploring this once-wet region of its surface.
Harvard Researchers Suggest ‘Oumuamua Was Alien ‘Reconnaissance Mission'
Harvard Researchers Suggest ‘Oumuamua Was Alien ‘Reconnaissance Mission'
‘Oumuamua, the mysterious interstellar object that has caused much head scratching in scientific circles, now has a new possible origin: part of a reconnaissance mission initiated by an alien civilization wanting to check out other galaxies.
The latest theory on ‘Oumuamua comes from a study published on Thursday by Shmuel Bialy and Abraham Loeb, a pair of astronomers with the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.
When scientists reviewed data collected by the Pan-STARRS-1 survey of ‘Oumuamua's closest flyby of the sun on September 9, 2017, they noted that the mysterious rock gained speed, rather than slowing down. Researchers at the time explained that the increase in ‘Oumuamua's velocity was likely explained by outgassing, the release of gas trapped or frozen inside the rock. The object itself was later classified as a cometby officials.
However, this explanation didn't sit right with Bialy and Loeb, who argue that had outgassing been the cause of ‘Oumuamua's increased velocity, it would've sent the interstellar object into a spin, which wasn't observed.
The pair suggested that ‘Oumuamua could actually be a light sail, a spacecraft that relies on radiation pressure for power, that's been sent from an alien civilization looking for signs of life in our solar system.
"We explain the excess acceleration of ‘Oumuamua away from the sun as the result of the force that the sunlight exerts on its surface. For this force to explain measured excess acceleration, the object needs to be extremely thin, of order a fraction of a millimeter in thickness but tens of meters in size," Loeb told Universe Today via email.
"This makes the object lightweight for its surface area and allows it to act as a light sail. Its origin could be either natural (in the interstellar medium or proto-planetary disks) or artificial (as a probe sent for a reconnaissance mission into the inner region of the solar system)."
Bialy and Loeb later explained in their work that should their theory prove true, there is the slight possibility that the light sail could even just be a "defunct sail floating under the influence of gravity and stellar radiation."
"The alternative is to imagine that ‘Oumuamua was on a reconnaissance mission. The reason I contemplate the reconnaissance possibility is that the assumption that ‘Oumumua followed a random orbit requires the production of ~10^{15} such objects per star in our galaxy. This abundance is up to a hundred million times more than expected from the solar system, based on a calculation that we did back in 2009," Loeb wrote.
"A surprisingly high overabundance, unless ‘Oumuamua is a targeted probe on a reconnaissance mission and not a member of a random population of objects."
Questions remain regarding the origin of ‘Oumuamua, and considering the rock is no longer in our solar system and is much too far away for researchers to observe, the lab coats might be in the dark for some time on the matter.
UFO proof? Hovering rock on Mars ‘remnants of an alien aircraft or spacecraft'
UFO proof? Hovering rock on Mars ‘remnants of an alien aircraft or spacecraft'
A STRANGE ‘levitating’ rock has been found on Mars which is the “remnants of an alien aircraft or spacecraft of long ago”, according to a conspiracy theorist.
UFO proof? Hovering rock on Mars ‘remnants of an alien aircraft or spacecraft'
(Image: GETTY)
The rock was picked up by images from NASA’s rovers on the Red Planet, prompting speculation from alien hunters.
It looks as if the rock is hovering above the ground of Mars, casting a dark shadow over the surface as it does.
Conspiracy theorists quickly picked up on the image, claiming that it is proof that a once highly advanced species either existed or visited Mars in the distant past.
The image was picked up by prominent alien hunter Scott C Waring.
Mr Waring wrote on his website UFO Sightings Daily: “Now here is something you don't see everyday. I found a hovering rock on the surface of Mars in a NASA photo.
“The thick rectangle shaped rock has a rectangle shape shadow below it. The object is about 10-12 inches from the surface, just hovering in place.
“This could indicate that this is some ancient technology, not a mere rock after all.
“Still filled with power, still hovering on its own, even though the rest of its craft no longer exists
“Probably remnants of an alien aircraft or spacecraft of long ago.”
However, sceptics and NASA would say the hovering rock and other similar findings are just the effects of pareidolia – a psychological phenomenon when the brain tricks the eyes into seeing familiar objects or shapes in patterns or textures such as a rock surface.
This is not the first time that evidence of aliens on Mars has allegedly been discovered.
Earlier this year, an "alien face" was found in a NASA satellite image of Mars, according to more bonkers claims.
Mr Waring was convinced it could be a rock carving, done by a Martian race, in the same way ancient Britons carved out the chalk figures in hillsides like the giant of Cerene Abbas in Dorset and the Long Man of Wilmington in East Sussex.
This could indicate that this is some ancient technology, not a mere rock after all"
(Image: NASA)
However, NASA insisted the rock is just a meteorite impact crater that has been left in the unusual form by later erosion.
When NASA released the image under the "alien head" caption, it said: "The image shows an impact crater in Chryse Planitia, not too far from the Viking 1 lander site, that to seems to resemble a bug-eyed head.
"The two odd depressions at the north end of the crater (the ‘eyes’) may have formed by wind or water erosion.
"This region has been modified by both processes, with water action occurring in the distant past via floods that poured across western Chryse Planitia from Maja Valles, and wind action common occurrence in more recent history.”
NASA has enjoyed a nice run of Mars-landing success lately, but that doesn't mean the agency is getting cocky ahead of next month's touchdown of its $850 million InSight mission.
NASA's twin Spirit and Opportunity rovers both aced their landings in January 2004, as did the Phoenix lander in May 2008 and the car-size Curiosity rover in August 2012. Regardless, InSight team members will doubtless be on tenterhooks as their spacecraft barrels into the Martian atmosphere at around 3 p.m. EDT (1900 GMT) on Nov. 26.
"Although we've done it before, landing on Mars is hard, and this mission is no different," Rob Manning, chief engineer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, said in a newly released video. "It takes thousands of steps to go from the top of the atmosphere to the surface, and each one of them has to work perfectly to be a successful mission." [NASA's InSight Mars Lander: 10 Surprising Facts]
Manning walked viewers through some of the most important steps, starting with the separation of InSight's capsule from the "cruise stage" that has guided the lander through deep space since liftoff on May 5.
An artist's illustration showing NASA's InSight lander about to touch down on Mars. InSight's landing will take place on Nov. 26, 2018
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
This separation will occur 7 minutes before InSight hits the Martian atmosphere, if all goes according to plan. InSight must then realign itself precisely, so that it enters the atmosphere at a 12-degree angle.
"Any steeper, the vehicle will hit the thicker part of the atmosphere, and it will melt and burn up," Manning said. "Any shallower, the vehicle will bounce off the atmosphere of Mars."
As the InSight capsule plows through the air, its heat shield will experience temperatures well over 1,800 degrees Fahrenheit (1,000 degrees Celsius) — hot enough to melt steel, Manning said. After 2 minutes of such Martian air travel, InSight's speed will drop from 13,000 mph (20,900 km/h) to about 1,000 mph (1,600 km/h), he added.
It will then be time for InSight to deploy its big supersonic parachute. This milestone should occur at an altitude of about 10 miles (16 kilometers) above the Martian surface. Shortly thereafter, six pyrotechnic devices will fire simultaneously, jettisoning InSight's heat shield.
Ten seconds later, three more mini-explosions will deploy InSight's landing legs. About 1 minute after that, the lander will begin beaming out radar pulses to gauge its altitude and speed.
When InSight is just 1 mile (1.6 km) above the Martian surface, the lander will fall away from its parachute-toting backshell and light its descent engines, Manning said. InSight will have to rotate out of the way very quickly after it does this, to avoid being beaned by the parachute and backshell.
And then comes the landing itself, on a broad, flat plain just north of the Martian equator known as Elysium Plantitia.
"The last thing that has to happen is that, on the moment of contact, the engines have to shut down immediately," Manning said. "If they don't, the vehicle will tip over."
As this rundown indicates, all of this will happen in rapid succession: InSight's entire journey through the Martian air, from atmospheric entry to touchdown, will take just 6 minutes, NASA officials have said. (Curiosity team members dubbed that rover's entry, descent and landing sequence "7 minutes of terror," but InSight will get down a bit faster. And, unlike the heavier Curiosity, InSight won't need a sky crane.)
Then it will be time for the lander to get to work. InSight (whose name is short for "Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport") carries two main science instruments, a burrowing heat probe and a suite of superprecise seismometers.
The measurements made by this gear over about two Earth years will help mission team members better understand Mars' internal composition and structure, as well as how rocky planets form and evolve. InSight will also use its communications gear to perform a radio-science experiment, which should reveal key details about Mars' core, NASA officials have said.
InSight launched with twin, briefcase-size spacecraft, which together comprise a JPL demonstration mission known as Mars Cube One (MarCO). MarCO's main goal is to show that tiny cubesats can indeed explore interplanetary space.
The two spacecraft, known as MarCO-A and MarCO-B, will also attempt to beam home data from InSight during the latter's landing attempt on Nov. 26. But this is not a vital task; other NASA craft, such as the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, will do this work as well.
MarCO-A and MarCO-B will not attempt touchdowns of their own. They'll zoom past Mars on Nov. 26, and their mission will come to an end shortly thereafter.
Mike Wall's book about the search for alien life, "Out There," will be published on Nov. 13 by Grand Central Publishing.
The 25 Greatest Spaceships of Science Fiction - PART I
The 25 Greatest Spaceships of Science Fiction - PART I
By Elizabeth Howell, Space.com Contributor
Sci-Fi Ships
So many discussions of ships in science fiction fall into the same tired debates. Who goes faster, the Millennium Falcon or the USS Enterprise? How big of a planet would the Death Star blow up — and how much would that ship cost, anyway? This slideshow takes things a step further. We talk about the most creative ships of science fiction. Yes, you'll see some familiar names on here, but we hope there will be at least a couple of surprises. Enjoy! [Best Space Movies in the Universe]
Photo Credit: Microsoft
1. UNSC Infinity ('Halo' franchise)
The beautiful Infinity base in Halo is not only pretty to look at, but also a useful vessel for getting places. It's equipped with sublight and translight power, and able to avoid enemy attacks with the use of energy shields, according to Halopedia. The crew on board has the latest in entertainment, including a biosphere (said to rival natural parks on Earth) and a bar, called the Full Moon. To communicate with allies across long distances, Infinity even has superluminal communications capabilities. Now, if only there wasn't a war to fight, we could really enjoy a nice vacation on this ship.
Photo Credit: BBC
2. TARDIS (Time And Relative Dimension In Space)
Pick your favorite Doctor Who — there's probably going to be a TARDIS story in there sometime. This ship appears like a phone booth, but once you get inside the magic really starts to happen. At first glance, TARDIS appears like a mere time-travel machine, whisking characters back to chat with people like artist Vincent Van Gogh. But it's much more innovative than that. It not only can travel through time, but also space. First-time visitors are always surprised at how big the interior is — "It's bigger on the inside", is the famous line — as well as the ability of TARDIS to blend into its surroundings. It can withstand gunfire, falling from great heights or even entering a planet's atmosphere; indeed, it appears the only thing that will easily kill a TARDIS is to have another TARDIS interfering with it nearby.
In a TV series filled with amazing ships, it's hard to pick just one. But there's something special about the Battlestar Galactica. Sure, it's not a networked ship and yes, it takes some heavy damage against the Cylons when attacked. But it's adaptable and flexible; during one memorable episode when the ship's computers are networked to solve a complicated problem, crew members use the ship's to stave off a Cylon virus. And Battlestar manages to stay one step ahead of the Cylons in many cases, safely using its faster-than-light drive to escape.
Photo Credit: Everett Collection
4. Elysium ship (2013)
While Elysium is fundamentally a sad story, its ship is a marvel of technology. This is a massive space station that actually looks like another world. Sadly, only the ultra-rich get to live and party here, but for what it's worth, Elysium looks a lot like a paradise. Glimpses of the ship reveal a world of verdant green — natural enough to make you feel relaxed, but close enough to civilization to whisk you to a Med-Bay to cure your worst illnesses. The best part is what happens once you are registered as an Elysium citizen. The space station is automatically programmed to deploy rescue ships to pick you up and bring you back home, even if you're stuck on the stinking hell that is Earth in this film.
Photo Credit: Electronic Arts
5. Reapers ('Mass Effect' franchise)
The Mass Effect game franchise features characters valiantly trying to protect our home galaxy from baddie aliens; in a later game, a new fight begins in the Andromeda galaxy. For ship innovativeness, it's hard to beat the villain Reapers. They blend biology and machine, lurking in the space between galaxy for up to 50,000 years, according to the Mass Effect wiki. While they're mainly portrayed as intruder chasers, we can't forget how smart these Reapers are. They created the mass relay network that all ships use to jump locations. They also made the Citadel, a massive space station.
Photo Credit: CBS Photo Archive/Getty
6. USS Enterprise line ('Star Trek' franchise)
This isn't the time to quibble about whether the NCC-1701-A or NCC-1701-D was the better U.S.S. Enterprise, but keep in mind that the entire ship line has an impressive history. If we take the movie and television franchises as a whole, the U.S.S. Enterprise not only performs, but outperforms in most situations. It regularly operates well beyond safe speed limits (to the chagrin of Scotty), some versions have the ability to split in two independent parts, and it can deal with extreme environments (like burning up in Earth's atmosphere or lurking under the ocean.) Some of the more advanced versions can even cloak, taking away the element of surprise that Romulans and Vulcans previously enjoyed.
Photo Credit: Lucasfilm
7. Millennium Falcon ("Star Wars" franchise)
Coming in close behind the U.S.S. Enterprise — sorry, "Star Wars" fans — is the amazing Millennium Falcon. It's a bit of a nice contrast to the sleek Enterprise, because there's no huge crew running this ship; instead, it's a bunch of ragtag heroes who need to use whatever they have on hand to keep this ship going. The Falcon, though, is surprisingly adept and adaptable. Yes, it's got fast travel capabilities, but there's more to it than that. The ship is able to fit into small cracks, to engage in epic fights on- and off-planet, and even survive in weird environments like an alien mouth. Like any jet fighter worth its name, it also has great weaponry on board to help fight the evil Empire. [Building the Fastest Hunk of Bricks in the Galaxy (Video)]
Photo Credit: Zoic Studios
8. Serenity ('Firefly' franchise)
Sure, Serenity doesn't have the trappings of more elegant spaceships. There's no warp drive or fast travel. There are very clearly toilets on board, counteracting the old "Star Trek" myth about their starships. It looks a bit like a warehouse inside, and it always seems to be breaking down. But fans don't gorram care, because Serenity is built to last. The ship's modest appearance means it's easy to miss when the crew members take on their main job of scrapping other starships for supplies. If it takes a bad hit, usually it can be fixed with scavenged parts. And above all, it just works. No high-fuss mechanical work needed here; just put a capable mechanic on the crew, and Serenity will give you all you need.
Photo Credit: Paramount
9. Alien ships in 'Arrival' (2016)
"Arrival" is one of those films where you would love to know much more about the aliens, the beautifully named "Heptapods" who communicate with special symbols representing full sentences or concepts. One of the questions we barely get answered is how their amazing ships work. The ships suddenly arrive on Earth and appear to be synchronized across locations, instantly reacting to events that just one of the ships is privy to. They hover in mid-air with no apparent propulsion system, and they appear to use some sort of warp drive that involves visual dissolution on-site. Inside these ship entrances, gravity is a bit uncertain; the interior is filled with some sort of atmosphere that may alter how humans experience the environment. These ships, in a word, are beautiful — but we wish we knew more about how they worked.
Photo Credit: MGM
10. Spaceball One ('Spaceballs,' 1987)
We love Spaceball One for showing all the plot holes that other spaceships missed. The ship has a number of speeds to choose from: Light Speed, Ridiculous Speed, Ludicrous Speed, Plaid Speed. As the crew quickly shows in the film, if you hit a speed that is too fast, you'll easily overshoot your target. It also has an unusual cloaking mechanism, demonstrating there are other uses to a costume besides hiding; Spaceball One can change into huge robotic maid with a vacuum cleaner, capable of sucking air off of planets.
Photo Credit: Lucasfilm
11. Death Star and its successor, Starkiller Base ('Star Wars' franchise)
The Death Star and successor Starkiller Base are pure cool, but they're a few ranks behind the Millennium Falcon because well, people keep finding ways to destroy them. But let's ignore that and focus on the positives. First of all is the pure power — the Death Star can easily kill a single planet, while the Starkiller Base can wipe out entire planetary systems. They also have a bit of a stealth aspect, despite being so big; one famous line compares the Death Star to a moon, at least because it's so huge and has a crater on it. And let's not forget that Starkiller Base somehow broke the laws of physics and got its power from "quintessence," a sort of dark energy that is everywhere in the universe.
Photo Credit: MGM Studios
12. Ha'tak ('Stargate' franchise)
Ha'tak looks like a lumbering pyramid in space, but even a newbie to the Stargate universe can see it's a powerful force to be reckoned with. The Stargate fan wiki notes that Ha'taks use an advanced form of propulsion that allow the ship to get as fast as 5 percent of lightspeed. Its shields are so powerful that they can hold off the heat of the corona — the atmosphere — of a huge star for many hours. Some Ha'taks even include cloaking devices, although that's not standard issue in the fleet. It sure was enough of a threat to worry the humans in the Stargate program, however.
The 25 Greatest Spaceships of Science Fiction - PART II
The 25 Greatest Spaceships of Science Fiction - PART II
Photo Credit: Alamy
13. Event Horizon ship (1997)
In terms of pure terrifying innovation, it's hard to beat the after-effects of the Event Horizon. As recounted in the eponymous 1997 film, a crew of astronauts from the future set out on a rescue mission. They're after the Event Horizon, which had suddenly appeared in orbit around Neptune. The crew boards the ship in search of any of their missing crewmates.
Unfortunately, they find out that Event Horizon's experimental engine caused a few problems — namely, it ripped a hole in space-time and a nasty homicidal alien was on board the ship. While we (unfortunately) don't get to see the ship at full health during this terrifying movie, we do learn it's capable of generating black holes. Talk about power.
Photo Credit: Getty
14. 'Independence Day' mothership (1996)
Hovering ominously over Earth in the original 'Independence Day,' this ship is huge — some 600 kilometers (roughly 370 miles) long. As viewers saw in the film, there are a bunch of tunnels that lead to the inside of the ship; two brave crew members from Earth managed to make their way into the control center, where they saw an eerie blue mist surrounding the zone. The Independence Day wiki also mentions a "beehive-like structure" that serves as the ship's transportation center. Little is known about this ship's capabilities, but it's downright scary.
Photo Credit: 20th Century Fox
15. USCSS Prometheus ('Prometheus,' 2012)
This black beauty is the most advanced and expensive faster-than-light ship ever made, according to the "Alien vs. Predator" wiki. It's got all the comforts you'd expect for a spaceship going long distances — a hypersleep chamber, a series of on-board ATVs for planetary exploration, escape modules and even intergalactic communications antennas. It even — improbably, for its size — can do vertical takeoffs and landings, which makes it ideal for landing on a planet. Well, that's if the planet doesn't have homicidal aliens living there already.
Photo Credit: SyFy
16. The Rocinante ('The Expanse' franchise)
The Rocinante is a comfortable, yet fast warship — the designers even took into account the preference for humans to have g-forces similar to normal gravity (at least, while the ship is under thrust). It's a pretty awesome workhorse ship, in that it can fire torpedoes or help with boarding parties. Besides which, it goes fast through space. Perfect for dodging any incoming missiles. [Jeff Bezos Saves 'The Expanse']
Photo Credit: Disney
17. Heart of Gold ('Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy' franchise)
This is a fun, zippy ship, thanks to its unique use of the Infinite Improbability Drive — an engine that provides for near-instantaneous travel with "tedious mucking about in hyperspace," according to the Hitchhiker's fan wiki. The designers gave a lot of attention to creature comforts, even including doors who say (in the books) how glad they are to help you. While the shape of the ship varies between the book, movie and TV series, a common theme in all three media is how white and clean the ship looks
Photo Credit: Everett Collection
18. Icarus II ('Sunshine,' 2007)
We love this spaceship because it shows just what humans can do if they are desperate enough. Basically, Earth is in crisis because the sun's power is fading a lot earlier than expected (in the year 2057, to be precise.) The point of Icarus II is to carry a huge nuclear bomb towards the sun. The crew faces many problems and saboteurs along the way, but somehow this ship just keeps on running — mostly as it's supposed to. That makes it worthy of a mention.
We're more intrigued by Superman's spaceship than able to say much about it, but that said, there are some cool unanswered questions to consider when thinking about Superman was shipped to Earth. Kal-El, as the infant was called, somehow stayed in a small space and was fed, cleaned, kept warm and kept entertained on his trip to Earth. That's some mean sort of automation. Also, the ship was relatively small — where did all of these systems fit? Goes to show you that planet Krypton residents were really smart.
Photo Credit: Alamy
20. The Valley Forge ('Silent Running,' 1972)
We applaud the constructors of the Valley Forge for somehow figuring out how to build a closed ecosystem. Inside of this (somewhat large) spaceship is a forest filled with animal and plant life, tenderly cared for because Earth's planet life has somehow gone extinct; this ecosystem should give our planet a kick-start, once the time is right. There's a flaw with this forest, though, in that it needs a source of light to survive. This ends up being crucial to the plot. Alas, the forest is shown drifting into deep space at the end of the film, so it's not clear how the lights will be generated once the ship's power source runs out.
Photo Credit: Everett Collection
21. Moonraker space station ('Moonraker,' 1979)
The Moonraker space station is kind of a one-trick pony, but it's still a neat place to visit — as long as you aren't worried about suffocation or anything. According to the Evil fan wiki, the space station was located above Earth and was ready to drop 50 nerve gas globes to kill all the residents. However, our heroes James Bond (Roger Moore) and Dr. Goodhead (Lois Chiles) discover a crucial flaw in the radar-jamming system on board. As a point of interest, it's fun to see all the space shuttles flying around this station; the real NASA space shuttle didn't make its first flight until 1981.
22. The Resolute ('Lost In Space,' 2018)
While the Resolute looks cool, there definitely are some issues with this ship. There's the not-so-small matter that a single alien robot could cause a lot of damage, which makes us wonder how the ship was expected to make the jump from Earth to Alpha Centauri if it was so delicate. Also, the Resolute seems to have a lot of problems picking up small transport ships on the surface, unless the ships are able to communicate directly with a strong enough signal. What about away missions? Otherwise, though, the ship is comfortable and large and even open to families, which is more than can be said for some of the other ships in this group.
Photo Credit: Universal/Amblin
23. E.T. spaceship ('E.T.,' 1982)
If only we knew more about this cute little spaceship. The movie shows that it's capable of bringing alien botanists to Earth, in search of learning more about our planet's organisms. But we only catch glimpses of this extraterrestrial technology as it touches down on Earth and flies away again. Its whimsical shape is supposed to look like a hot air balloon from the pages of a Dr. Seuss book, according to artist Ralph McQuarrie, quoted in Mental Floss.
Photo Credit: Columbia
24. District 9 alien ship ('District 9,' 2009)
The story of "District 9" unfortunately doesn't tell us much about its mothership, but in terms of sheer terror factor, seeing this behemoth hovering over Johannesburg is one of the most memorable parts of the film. Perhaps its most interesting feature is it can be activated remotely. But the ship certainly isn't a perfect design, because its inhabitants were basically starving to death at the beginning of the film. Hopefully there's a Mothership 2.0 being developed for this alien species.
Photo Credit: 20th Century Fox
25. The Hermes ('The Martian,' 2015)
While most of the action in "The Martian" takes place, naturally, on Mars, the Hermes appears like a pretty capable interplanetary starship. First of all, it's surprisingly hackable; the crew is able to get into the mainframe to redirect its path at a crucial point in the film. Second, it's super-reliable. The Hermes was only supposed to take one Mars-Earth trip at a time, but in this film it actually takes on two. And finally, it's resilient; the crew literally uses a bomb aboard the ship to slow down its speed at Mars. There's a wicked explosion, but the ship appears (incredibly) to suffer no permanent devastating damage.
WETENSCHAPOnderzoekers hebben een nieuw soort superijs ontdekt, eentje dat de hoop op buitenaards leven kan vernietigen. Het vermenigvuldigt zich met een snelheid van meer dan 1.600 kilometer per uur en het bevindt zich diep onder onze voeten. En wetenschappers begrijpen nu eindelijk hoe het precies in zijn werk gaat, vermoedelijk ten koste van buitenaards leven.
Afgelopen jaar in maart onthulden onderzoekers dat ze voor het eerst het dodelijke ijs hadden teruggevonden. En dat in diamanten die in Zuid-Afrika en China werden opgediept. De ijsachtige substantie was er diep ingekapseld en bleef vloeibaar omwille van de extreme druk en hitte.
Voor de vondst van zulke diamanten hadden ze het bestaan van zulk ijs voorspeld, maar dat wist niemand met staalhard bewijsmateriaal aan te tonen. De vondst in de diamanten bevestigde het vermoeden dat de aarde een vloeibare mantel -tussen de aardkorst en de kern- bezit. Die mantel bestaat uit een kristalstructuur zoals die van diamanten. Nu pas begrijpen de onderzoekers hoe die mantel precies gevormd wordt.
Bepaalde combinaties van temperatuur en druk zorgen ervoor dat het dodelijke ijs, dat de naam Ice Vll kreeg, ontstaat. Hoe intenser de temperatuur en drukcombinatie wordt, hoe sneller het ijs gevormd wordt. En dat zo’n 600 kilometer onder onze voeten.
Het vormingsproces van dat ijs is wel problematisch voor eender welk buitenaards leven. Bepaalde drukpieken, bijvoorbeeld door een meteoorinslag, zorgen immers voor een explosieve groei van het ijs, dat zich voortbeweegt met een snelheid van 1.600 kilometer per uur. Dat zou elke vorm van leven, op levensvatbare planeten zoals Aarde, al doen uitdoven voordat het echt kan beginnen. De mens heeft het geluk dat het proces zich diep onder onze voeten afspeelt.
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SOMS ZIE JE TOCH ECHT MOOIE UFO'S VLIEGEN ( VIDEO )
SOMS ZIE JE TOCH ECHT MOOIE UFO'S VLIEGEN ( VIDEO )
Alhoewel de laatste tijd misschien wat minder in het nieuws, ze zijn er nog steeds die ufo's, oftewel de niet geïdentificeerde vliegende objecten.
Nu is er bij beelden van UFO's veel kaf onder het koren, maar soms duiken er beelden op die wel degelijk echt lijken te zijn.
We zouden graag zeggen: opnames die echt zijn, maar dat kan eigenlijk niet meer tegenwoordig, omdat er zo ontzettend veel wordt geknoeid met beeldmateriaal.
Wel zijn er bepaalde dingen waaruit je soms kunt afleiden dat beelden waarschijnlijk echt zijn. Youtube is wat dat betreft een hele slechte bron, omdat 99 procent van wat daar wordt geplaatst totale nep is. De filmpjes worden gemaakt in de hoop dat ze viraal gaan, er veel mensen naar kijken en dan op een advertentie klikken, wat dan inkomsten oplevert.
Opnames die gemaakt zijn door privé mensen die bij Mufon worden ingeleverd om onderzocht te worden, zijn een ander verhaal. Men heeft er niets bij te winnen door daar nepbeelden te deponeren en wat je dan bij Mufon tegenkomt is vaak echt.
Lake Tahoe is een groot zoetwatermeer in de Amerikaanse Sierra Nevada, op de grens tussen Californië en Nevada, ten westen van Carson City. Lake Tahoe is het grootste alpiene meer in Noord-Amerika.[1] Met 501 meter diepte is het tevens het op een na diepste meer van de Verenigde Staten, na Crater Lake in Oregon. Bovendien is Tahoe qua volume het zesentwintigste meer in de wereld.
Een UFO die van rechts naar links met hoge snelheid voorbij vliegt aan een groep vakantiegangers.
Het object heeft de klassieke of retro vorm en ziet eruit zoals je zou verwachten dat een vliegende schotel eruit ziet.
Degene die de opname heeft gemaakt en ingediend bij Mufon zegt dat ze in die streek met vakantie waren en helemaal niets hebben gemerkt van de UFO. Pas toen ze thuis waren en de beelden rustig bekeken, verscheen daar de vliegende schotel.
Bij Ufocasebook hebben ze de volgende video gemaakt met vertraagde beelden en ook een aantal foto's zodat de UFO goed zichtbaar is. Deze verschijnt voor het eerst in beeld rond 18 seconden in de video en wel aan de rechterkant.
Dawn is dead. Kepler is dead. Rover is missing and presumed dead. This is not the opening scene of a new murder mystery … it’s the news coming out of NASA as it reports the recent demise of many of its most famous and productive spacecrafts and space equipment. Why do they seem to be dying all at once? Something is killing the great crafts of NASA … and it may not necessarily be old age.
“Following an analysis of the progress of the listening campaign, NASA will continue its current strategy of attempting to contact the Jeep-rig Opportunity during the foreseeable future. The winds may increase over the next few months on Opportunity’s location on Mars, resulting in dust being torn from the vehicle’s solar panels. The agency will reassess the situation in January 2019.”
The Opportunity rover has been on Mars since January 2004 and its original 90-day mission has been constantly and surprisingly extended annually as it broke the record for the longest distance driven by any sort of wheeled vehicle on a space body other than Earth. Then the dust storm hit. While Opportunity has obviously survived plenty of Martian dust storms, this on in June was apparently the Mother of all Martian Dust Storms and the thick layer of particles on its solar panels have prevented it from recharging its batteries. Even though NASA is giving its overachieving rover until January 2019 in hopes that another dust storm will blow off the panels, the first people on Mars may be looking over their dead dog rover.
An even bigger loss is the death of another overachiever – the Kepler space telescope. Launched in March 2009, Kepler outlasted its original 3.5-year mission and solidified its place in the space hall of fame by discovering 2,681 exoplanets. It also survived devastating injuries that would have ended the season of other space players (get ready … more football references coming) – Kepler lost two of its four orientation-maintaining reaction wheels and was put on the disabled list. NASA’s team doctors got it back in the game by using the remaining wheels and gave it a new playbook called K2 where it found more confirmed exoplanets and 2,900 waiting for likely confirmation. Unfortunately, Kepler finally ran out of fuel and NASA forced its retirement this week, shutting everything down but leaving it on the playing field in a safe orbit around Ceres.
Vesta photographed by Dawn
Running out of gas has also put Dawn out of commission. After missing two scheduled check-ins this week, NASA announced that Dawn is now a sunset and its asteroid-visiting days are over. After being launched in September 2007, Dawn traveled 4.3 billion miles (6.9 billion km) on its cosmic road trip, stopping first at Vesta, the second largest rock in the main asteroid belt, and then taking on the belt’s #1 asteroid and dwarf planet Ceres, where it will now orbit in perpetuity. Mission Director and Chief Engineer Marc Rayman pointed out in a press release/obituary that Dawn leaves behind a huge collection of data still to be examined.
This mosaic of a bright spot on the dwarf planet Ceres known as Cerealia Facula combines images captured by NASA’s Dawn spacecraft from altitudes as low as 22 miles (35 kilometers) above Ceres' surface. The mosaic is overlain on a topography model based on images obtained during Dawn's low-altitude mapping orbit (240 miles, or 385 km altitude). No vertical exaggeration was applied.
Credit: NASA
“The demands we put on Dawn were tremendous, but it met the challenge every time. It’s hard to say goodbye to this amazing spaceship, but it’s time.”
So, these three space stalwarts may have been senior citizens but they acted more like the cosmic version of “60 is the new 40,” outperforming their younger counterparts and turning up their nose cones at retirement. That explains why Dawn and Kepler ran out of fuel – no one expected them to be around this long. On the other hand, Opportunity was more like they guy who says “If I had known I was going to live this long, I would have taken better care of myself” when he realizes he should have exercised enough to run behind a rock and out of the dust storm. They’re all proof that NASA can and does build some really good stuff.
Over the course of the last few years, here at Mysterious Universe, I have written far more than a few articles on the Men in Black. And, as I have noted in some of those articles, there’s no doubt that encounters with the MIB can range from puzzling to downright terrifying. With this issue in mind – namely, the way in which the witness/victim can be severely affected by such an encounter – I thought I would share with you the words of a good friend of mine – Kimberly Rackley – who has encountered the Men in Black on a number of occasions. Kim is a gifted psychic and her trauma-filled experiences with the MIB serve to demonstrate just what it really feels like to come face-to-face with these black-suited things. Put it this way: it’s not good. In the summer of 2016 (specifically June 22), Kim shared the following with me:
“Had an experience last night / morning. A little drained this morning. Freaked me out. I was awoken by what seemed like thousands of voices that were excited and upset. I sometimes hear the astral plane at night but this was crazy. I need to make it stop so I lift into astral and all these entities are everywhere in agitated state.
“I ask what’s wrong and they all circle me and then this being very tall and slender all in black suit but with a long coat and gray eyes comes straight for me. The entities circling me close in tighter. They are trying to protect me. But he pushes them away with flick of his hand and I’m suddenly back in my body. There in my room was the man. He had same non-aura energy, like MIB. He pointed at me and the place in my wrist where the previous MIBs always try to place a chip in me started burning. Then I passed out. I feel electric inside, like I’m going to jump out of my skin and I’m nauseated. Kind of frightened. I look like death.”
Kim continued: “If you feel like death warmed-over then you most definitely look like death warmed-over as I discovered this morning when I ungraciously made my way to the bathroom. You would feel and look the same if you experienced the more than unnerving events I had. Yours truly is still trembling, not quite certain if it is from the panic of the frightening encounter or the electrical jolt received. Being a medium I am not fearful of the supernatural or unearthly, but there is one thing that has filled me with terror since I was a child and that is the MIB. I’ve told the story of my repetitive MIB encounters before but it suffers repeating because I believe it is significant to the most recent encounter.
“From the time I was 8 and witnessed a glowing figure slightly similar to a grey walking down the hallway of my home, I have been subject to frequent MIB visits. These visits are always from the same two men, mostly in my dream state until I began realizing my abilities as a medium and then the visits would occur in meditation or altered states of consciousness. Never before this newest encounter has one been a physical encounter. The two men come to me, usually appearing through my bedroom window. My normal MIB’s resemble ninja’s or soldiers, always in black skin-tight clothing or fatigue uniforms, and always with the aura of intense panic. They will point at me and say ‘No, Kya, not yet.’ I have no idea why they call me Kya. Is it too much to hope for that they have me confused with someone else? I also have no inkling of what ‘not yet’ signifies. They then pull up a holographic ball where they show me that I will be taken away and put in this metal room, underground. The room has one single chair and surrounding me is a bluish force field. Sounds like a science fiction movie, right? Then they point at my right wrist, and a chip appears under my skin. They vanish, leaving me always in full panic mode.
“I know you are wondering about the chip. I have yet to discover its purpose but each occasion that they place the chip, I immediately remove it. Alien or dimensional implants are more common than you might imagine and can be detected when you are in the theta state. These implants have an etheric vibration which means they can be removed etherically as well. Lucky for me I am a Theta Facilitator.”
Kim had much more to say: “This newest encounter was much different than the above so let me get on with the story. I was awoken around 4am to a thousand voices in my head. It is quite common for me to hear the astral plane but this was like a war going on. I know I have to stop the voices before I end up on Zany Street with men in white coats chasing me. I lift up to the astral where I find the entities in an agitated and anxious state. Curiously they are all gathered in a very close proximity to each other.
“I ask what is wrong and the entities immediately circle me. I am not afraid as I have been to the astral many times and have friends here. Suddenly, a very tall man comes from the mist. He is in a black suit and wearing a long coat. The man is whitish-gray, bald, and no facial hair, yeah not even an eyelash. I’m filled with immediate panic because I see no aura or residual of life force energy. The same non-energy I see with the MIB. However, there was an electrical charge around him which is something I always see around the MIB of my past encounters. The entities attempt to tighten the circle around me but the being in black swipes them away with a flick of his hand. I fall back into my body, sit up and to my horror the being is standing in my room. He raises his arm, palm out and I am jolted with a shot of intense energy. I pass out.
“When I awaken, it all comes flooding back to me. My body feels as if I am going to jump out of my skin and I am nauseated. I realize that the astral voices may have been attempting to warn me and certainly they were trying to protect me. This indicates that whatever MIB are, even the astral plane is aware and afraid of them. Could it be that my recent talk with friend and author Nick Redfern on this very subject have triggered this encounter? I believe the MIB have every account of who attempts to reveal them. I’m always left with sheer panic and more questions after an encounter with the MIB. The panic I experience however, won’t stop me from seeking the truth nor will it stop me from being who I am or doing what I do.”
The Future of Cryptocurreny and the UFO Crash in Antarctica Time Cross
The Future of Cryptocurreny and the UFO Crash in Antarctica Time Cross
Interesting information about the future of Cryptocurrency, and the UFO crash in Antarctica. Full disclosure, I have a sizable investment in Ripple for the reasons stated in video.
A CHILLING WARNING! (UFOs) are just a tip of the ICEBERG!
A CHILLING WARNING! (UFOs) are just a tip of the ICEBERG!
If I haven’t had a direct experience with a highly evolved technology, I would have never believed such claims for any reason. And even after I having had this experience, it took a couple of days for me to digest the fact that this is real, there’s a highly evolved technology out there. Not only that this bizarre experience literally challenged me to rethink my fundamental beliefs about the world in a way that I have never expected. So I started deeply researching into various fields, fields including neuroscience, future physics, ancient stone structures, specifically the Giza Pyramids, ancient advanced knowledge, our religions, ancient high-tech tool marks, mental illnesses, demonic possessions and various other phenomena like channeling of alien beings, channeling of deceased people, dancing mania, witchcraft etc.. to make sense of the world and end of the day, I came to a conclusion that the highly evolved technology belongs to a group of human beings on Earth and your destiny has been planned long ago than you can possibly imagine.
Unless a person carries out a massive research with an open mind and gains the right knowledge and the right worldview, such a conclusion will not make sense to another human being. Your time is limited on Earth. Not being able to understand this complicated truth, we have been ridiculing our fellow human beings for quite a long time, however, I must say that these unidentified flying objects or extremely advanced flying machines and its related phenomena are actually a humongous crime against humanity that is being committed by a group of human beings who are living in Switzerland today. Again, there’s a complicated reasoning behind this claim and I urge you to take this warning seriously and give your utmost attention to research and understand the truth behind UFOs and its related phenomena without a delay. Someone could say that extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence, however, it is just a bunch of words only, let’s be realistic, if someone uses a technology that is 1000+ years or 10000+ years ahead of ours to commit a crime, is it possible for us to prove it unless we giving an extraordinary effort? Is it possible for us to understand and classify a particular phenomenon as a crime against humanity with our current scientific understanding? That said, let me unfold the complicated story of the planet Earth.
1). Anecdotal Evidence For the Existence Of the Phenomenon. Highly educated and intelligent people are coming forward to expose the truth today.
2). Is it possible to hide an advanced technology on Earth? Yes, it’s entirely possible, we just need to master 3 things only.
3). Is it possible to remove the evidence for the existence of highly advanced global societies from the face of the Earth? Yes, it’s entirely possible, again, we just need to master 3 things only. A reply that a theoretical physicist and a neuroscientist would understand. After all, this is a mind-boggling technology, and the related phenomena cannot be understood by every human being on Earth, experts in neuroscience, theoretical physics, and other experts must dig into the issue without a delay. These people must be open minded and trust pure logic, not beliefs.
4). Which means, this could be a technology that belongs to a group of human beings on Earth? Yes, that’s correct and that’s the truth. Which also means, they are secretly ruling the world for quite a long time using their high-tech toys and that’s why the UFO phenomenon can be traced back to ancient times too. Not only that this is why an extremely high number of yearly UFO activities on Earth.
5). Which means, the perpetrators behind the UFO phenomenon are trying to establish the ET visitation belief among human beings? That’s correct, by using a highly evolved technology, it’s quite easy to establish such a belief in human beings. From a highly evolved technological standpoint, we only need genetically modified beings and 2 high-tech toys to establish this belief on human beings and roam the Earth freely using their extremely advanced machines. And this has raised the unidentified flying object phenomenon in the world.
6). So extraterrestrial beings (ET’s) visitation is a deception? A misunderstanding? A false claim? Yes, that’s correct, we could further analyze the following hypothesis to make sense of this further.
Extraterrestrial Hypothesis
Terrestrial Hypothesis
7). The Extraterrestrial Hypothesis. Its related phenomena are a carefully constructed narrative to deceive the society.
8). The Terrestrial Hypothesis. A staggering amount of evidence is in plain sight but we must think out of the box to understand the evidence that supports the terrestrial hypothesis.
Extremely high number of UFO-related activities per year. Clues for the use of high-tech toys on a daily basis by a group of human beings on Earth.
The UFO phenomenon can be traced back to ancient times. A clue that a group of human beings using the technology for quite a long time on Earth.
From a highly evolved technological standpoint, UFO-related phenomena show the existence of a highly advanced neuro/psychotronic weapon on Earth and this can be traced back to ancient times too.
I). The missing time phenomenon II). Alien beings channeling phenomenon III). Deceased people channeling phenomenon IV). Multiple personality phenomenon. This is a quite new phenomenon and it’s history goes back to 15th century only. A personality reflecting sophisticated human actions cannot be seen prior to the 15th century in MPD/DID cases V). Psychic Phenomenon VI). Automatic writing phenomenon VII). “Targeted Individuals” phenomenon VIII). The voice of God phenomenon IX). Prophets and the Prophetic phenomenon
(This evidence is not yet recognized. When you closely look into the above cases, you would understand that these cases are due to a mind-boggling AI-based applications only. A global satellite grid has been deployed to create these phenomena on Earth and this grid monitors brain activities of human beings 24/7. After all, is there an element of truth behind all-seeing eye? or is it just a myth?)
Highly advanced knowledge can be seen in some unique ancient books clearly supporting the terrestrial hypothesis.
A ton of evidence can be seen in ancient stone structures revealing an advanced knowledge and an advanced technology supporting the terrestrial hypothesis.
9). Other supporting evidence for the terrestrial hypothesis.
10). The Crop circle phenomena, its connections to UFOs and ancient Egypt.
11). Who are the perpetrators and where do they stay?
12). Final thoughts & the future of humanity.
Anecdotal Evidence For the Existence Of the Phenomenon:
There is overwhelming anecdotal evidence from people all over the world, supporting the existence of the phenomenon and they claim that the technology is highly advanced. On top of this, today, there's a staggering number of highly educated, credible and respected people are coming forward to expose the phenomenon and this group including astronauts, pilots, scientists, military personnel, police officers, doctors etc... Here are some of their testimonies related to the UFO phenomenon:
1). Cliff Stone – Army UFO Consultant, US Military – Retired:
“As a result of my involvement, I was able to ascertain that the united states government knew a lot more about UFOs and it wasn’t telling the American public, that there was an intelligence involved, that there was a highly evolved technology. I learned that to a degree, we were carrying on a dialogue with this intelligence”
Further, Cliff Stone says:
“We also had an officially sanctioned deception program. This was in total disregard as to the impact this would have on the individual witnesses and also on their families”
2). Robert Dean – NATO intelligence analyst, US Military – Retired:
“I read first-hand reports, verifiable NATO military material that indicated that the UFOs were not only real that they represented something far beyond anything that I had ever imagined before. When the study was concluded in 64 they concluded that they were four different groups apparently coming and visiting us. Out of those four different groups one group looked exactly like we do. So much so that they could sit beside you in a restaurant, there in an airplane or in a theatre and you would never know and that particular point bothered the military guys a lot”
3). Further testimonies: Citizen Hearing On Disclosure 2013:
“40 researchers and military/agency/political witnesses to the National Press Club in Washington to testify for 30 hours over 5 days before 6 former members of the U. S. Congress regarding events and evidence for extraterrestrial related phenomena since 1947”
Earth is not the only ocean world in the solar system. In fact, there are several. A new paper just published in Astrobiology seeks to plan out the best ways to explore these alien oceans.
Jupiter’s moon Europa is the best known of the ocean worlds in the solar system – apart from Earth of course.
Not all that long ago, it was thought that Earth was the only place in the solar system with liquid water. Other planets and moons were either too hot or too cold. But now, thanks to various spacecraft sent out to explore these worlds, we know that is not the case. Water is actually abundant throughout the solar system, and some moons even have more water than Earth does. We just can’t see it on their surfaces – the water is, instead, below ground.
Hendrix and Hurford co-chair the Roadmaps to Ocean Worlds (ROW) team of NASA’s Outer Planets Assessment Group. The ROW team wants to see emphasis placed on not just studying known water worlds, but also other candidate ones, as explained by Hendrix:
The overarching goal of an ocean worlds program, should be to identify ocean worlds, characterize their oceans, evaluate their habitability, search for life, and ultimately understand any life we find.
The investigation “roadmap” for the exploration of ocean worlds.
The charter of ROW includes the following recommendations:
Identify and prioritize science objectives for ocean worlds over the next several decades.
Design roadmap(s) to explore these worlds to address science objectives (including mission sequences, considering a sustained exploration effort).
Assess where each ocean world fits into the overall roadmap.
Summarize broad mission concepts (considering mission dependencies and international cooperation).
Recommend technology development and detailed mission studies in support of the next Decadal Survey.
Currently, the moons Europa, Enceladus and Titan are considered to be the highest priority for further study. Neptune’s moon Triton is the highest priority of still-unconfirmed ocean worlds.
Saturn’s moon Enceladus is a high-priority target for further study. It not only has an underground ocean, but also huge plumes of water vapor that erupt through cracks at the south pole.
As the paper also notes, the foundation for studying these alien oceans should be our own oceans here on Earth, as outlined by Hendrix:
Progress needs to be made in the area of collaborations between Earth ocean scientists and extraterrestrial ocean scientists. In addition, to map out a coherent ocean worlds program, significant input is required from studies here on Earth; rigorous research and analysis studies are called for to enable some future ocean worlds missions to be thoughtfully planned and undertaken. The overarching goal of an ocean worlds program should be to identify ocean worlds, characterize their oceans, evaluate their habitability, search for life, and ultimately understand any life we find.
So just what are ocean worlds, according to the paper? Basically any moon or other body in the solar system (since Earth is the only planet to have one) that has a current liquid water ocean. The ocean does not need to be global although it does seem to be in most cases, in particular on Europa and Enceladus. The big difference is that Earth’s ocean is on the surface while all the other ones are subsurface.
As well as the methane/ethane seas and lakes on the surface, Saturn’s moon Titan is also thought to have a global subsurface water ocean.
Image via A. D. Fortes/UCL/STFC.
Even Neptune’s moon Triton, in the far outer solar system, may have an underground ocean.
Image via NASA/JPL/USGS.
Exploring these otherworldly oceans is exciting because, of course, our own oceans are teeming with life. Could the same be true for some of these other oceans as well? Scientists certainly see the potential, which is a major reason to study them to begin with. Everywhere on Earth there is water, there is life. There is growing evidence that the oceans on Europa and Enceladus have conditions favorable for some kinds of life, even if only microbial (but perhaps more), such as hydrothermal activity on the ocean floors. On Earth, even in the deepest waters, such environments are oases for a wide range of life, where vents provide heat and nutrients. Titan may also be of particular interest. From the paper:
Although Titan possesses a large subsurface ocean, it also has an abundant supply of a wide range of organic species and surface liquids, which are readily accessible and could harbor more exotic forms of life. Further, Titan may have transient surface liquid water such as impact melt pools and fresh cryovolcanic flows in contact with both solid and liquid surface organics. These environments present unique and important locations for investigating prebiotic chemistry and, potentially, the first steps toward life.
Bottom line:The new paper makes a strong case for why the ocean worlds in our solar system should be explored as thoroughly as possible, using knowledge about our own oceans as a roadmap. And maybe – just maybe – that exploration will result in the discovery that Earth’s oceans are not the only ones to be inhabited.
St. Elmo’s Fire is a colorful discharge of atmospheric electricity that typically occurs during a thunderstorm. When a sharp object (such as a ship’s mast) comes in contact with an extraordinarily high electrical field and a large number of electrons, the electrons can glow in various colors, like a neon sign, resulting in this rare phenomenon. St. Elmo is a derivation of St. Erasmus of Formia, one of the two patron saints of sailors.
At first glance, this jarring sight looks like a giant tsunami rolling in from the ocean, but it’s actually a massive amount of fog. When conditions are just right in late spring or early summer, the condensation from warm air merging with cool ocean water can create this dramatic effect.
Weather system that caused a meteotsunami in New Jersey, June 2013. Image via Buddy Denham.
3. Meteotsunami
Meteotsunamis have characteristics similar to earthquake-generated tsunamis, but they are caused by air-pressure disturbances often associated with fast-moving weather systems, such as squall lines. These disturbances can generate waves in the ocean that travel at the same speed as the overhead weather system. Development of a meteotsunami depends on several factors, such as the intensity, direction, and speed of the air pressure as it travels over a water body. Like an earthquake-generated tsunami, a meteotsunami affects the entire water column and may become dangerous when it hits shallow water, which causes it to slow down and increase in height and intensity. Semi-enclosed water bodies like harbors, inlets, and bays can greatly intensify a meteotsunami.
A waterspout is a spinning column of air and mist that forms on lakes, rivers, and at sea. Waterspouts fall into two categories: fair weather and tornadic. Tornadic waterspouts are tornadoes that form over water, or move from land to water. They are associated with severe thunderstorms and are often accompanied by high winds and seas, large hail, and dangerous lightning. The tornadic variety are more dangerous than fair weather waterspouts, which generally are not associated with thunderstorms, and usually form along the dark flat base of a line of developing cumulus clouds. While tornadic waterspouts develop downward in a thunderstorm, a fair weather waterspout develops on the surface of the water and works its way upward. Fair weather waterspouts form in light wind conditions so they normally move very little.
A maelstrom is a strong whirlpool that forms when opposing currents meet to form swirling water. Its name comes from the Dutch words malen (to whirl or grind) and strom (stream). A maelstrom can be dangerous due to powerful currents that occur below the surface, which can pull surrounding objects into its vortex.
There's one problem, though. It's about something I don't believe exists. Let me explain: I don't believe that aliens exist, but let's say I did and they come in UFOs — and let's assume you believe in them, too. This map is one of the best data visualizations I have seen in my entire life.
If aliens have visited Earth, this is the greatest map of all time
Metrocosm compiled more than 90,000 reports of UFO sightings in the United States since 1905 into an impressively detailed, interactive map:
The map uses data from the National UFO Reporting Center and Mutual UFO Network; the Inquisitr called it "credible." And 1905 was a long time ago — it's the year Albert Einstein presented his theory of relativity. The philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre was born in 1905. There are more than 90,000 stories collected, so let's dig into some of them. Assuming all of the reported sightings are credible is an important part of enjoying this. The dots represent witness reports. They come in three sizes: small (individual report), medium (small group reports), and large (multiple witness reports).
Fire balls in the sky, form triangle, lasted 5 minutes.
Second Sighting 45 minutes later lasted 5 minutes. There were 3 Fire balls at 8:20pm they formed in a straight line in the east sky, then they formed into a triangle, one then moved quickly out of sight traveling North then the other two disappeared. What was strange about 45 minutes later another fireball appeared South east, just one , it also lasted about 5 minutes. I took pictures on my digital camera and have night vision video on both sightings , In the video it appears as a white ball, when you look in the sky it looks as tho they barely move, but when researching the video it is moving all over the place at at times it looked as tho it was right on top of the screen. In the pictures the camera captured the light movement which is very interesting. I blew the photos up on the computer and in some it looks like they wrote something. My daughter and I had the chills. I never experienced anything like this.
Fishers Island, Long Island Sound there was a large lamp shade/flashlight light in the sky for 10 seconds+ it fadded away into the sk
Beach party early in the night. 20+ people saw most of the event. 10+ saw it "turn on" and then called out to the rest. There was a light in the sky like a huge lamp or a flash light. It was turned on over Long Island Sound and very obvious light. We saw it and then it faded slowly UP outward away from us. It did not go right, left or down, it just faded away. the light lingered in the sky for 20-30 seconds and everyone sort of got over it. It still bothered some of us. It was nothing like anyone had ever seen not a plane or satalite or anything people who live on an island and looking at the sky had ever seen.
It is dark and boring here, we all look at the sky all the time.
It was the night of Thursday, March 13, 1997. I was living in an apartment in Phoenix Arizona at the time and had some friends over that night. We all went outside and I noticed several lights in the sky over Phoenix. Soon my friends and I were all staring at these lights in the sky. There was no noise at all coming from these lights. They were yellowish-orange in color. As I focused my eyes on the lights I could make out the shapes of actual solid craft in the sky. It wasn’t one large craft, it was several craft which made a large triangle shape, then a large oval shape! My friends also could see the shape of these craft in the sky. These craft would move up and down, and left to right but didn’t move all that much. They didn’t shoot across the sky or anything like that. But I could see the shape of these craft in the sky. This lasted for about 30 minutes and the lights turned off and the craft disappeared. I have spent 8 years in the Army and I know what flares look like and how they act. These were not flares. I can say this with confidence.
The U.S. Government stone walled the people of Phoenix.
Thousands of people had to have witnessed this event that night.
3 craft sighted by several witnesses in clear daylight conditions. Timepiece anomoly also occured
At the annual UFO Conference put on by the UFO Watchtower in Hooper, CO several people had the opportunity to witness UFOs. About 2:00 PM Stan Romanek (one of the featured speakers at the event) was near the parking area outside the presentation building and was excited as he told me about the UFO he had just witnessed and taken some pictures of. He was really excited that he got pictures of it. He pointed out a spot above a patch of clouds near where the object was about 4 fingers (at arms length) above the distant mountain horizon in the northwest sky.
He mentioned what he saw to a couple other people earlier and walked across the field to the RV he was staying in about 1:30 PM. He was going to put the image on his laptop computer and bring it back so we could all see what the picture looked like. He returned and set the laptop up on a table outside under the shade of a canopy of an RV set up to serve food. As he got the computer set up I continued to scan the skies, especially in the area he had seen the object. We were excited to see that he did get a picture of it. It was white in color and although it was a digital image at a distance you could make out the classic saucer shape with a bubble protrusion on top. A few of us were taking turns looking at the image because the brightness of reflection of the sky in the monitor made it difficult to see well unless you stood directly in front of it.
While about 5 or 6 people were marveling at the picture Stan had just taken (with a Nikon Coolpix 6 mega pixel digital camera) I saw what appeared to be the same object in the same location off in the distant N/W horizon. I would guess the distance to be at least 35 miles away based on the distance of the mountain range it appeared to be over. It was very white and was dramatically accentuated by the darker blue sky background. It was also about 4 fingers (arms length) above the distant mountaintop to the northwest about the width of my pinkie finger above the white cloud bank below.
I described the location as I pointed to the object for the others to identify also. They were as excited as I was to realize for themselves how fascinating it was to watch. You could easily see that the object was not a cloud, balloon or plane. It stood perfectly still and the distinct sharpness of the edges eliminated it being a cloud as you could compare it to other clouds in the area.
We all watched as the stationery object defied cloud movement and all other rational or logical cross references we could use. Someone noticed an identical object about a pinkie width directly above the one we were watching. The one above slowly moved downward toward the original object until it was directly over the other nearly touching it.
After watching the object for a minute or two to eliminate any plausible explanation for what I was witnessing I went to get my camera and took 3 pictures. The 5 mega pixel Kodak photos were not distinct as the ones Stan took and only showed a white spot with no definition. At that time I left to tell others in the nearby building attending the conference about what was happening outside. By the time I returned both objects had left in different directions according to those watching it.
I served in the military in the mid- late 1960s in Naval Air Intelligence and was trained in aircraft identification. I am confident this was a physical object and not any kind of natural phenomenon. I have attached the 2 photos I took even though they are very poor quality compared to what we were visibly seeing.
Another odd note is that 6 individuals’ cell phones or watches were 1 hour off that morning plus another was 2 hours and another was off by 3 hours. The cell phone services were provided by at least 3 different services. No one had any explanation for this oddity.
Stayed and talked with my family and noticed orangish to red lights appear in the sky 3-4 times, no more than two at a time..
Asked my father-in-law who was in the Navy to pay attention to see if they were flares.
Then the lights appeared again but began to make multiple lights (6-8) forming a straight line in the SE to S sky.
He looked at me and said "that was no flare".
Indeed.
2002: Palo Alto, California
This is an interesting one. Metrocosm's map includes 10 stories, all with an AP wire writeup corresponding to the event, which describes a US Air Force missile test. Who do you believe?
white light and gaseous tail resembling a comet tracking through upper atmosphere, which exploded like a firework
I swear I saw this, and I was an Astronomy student, and I have no idea what the hell this was, but here it is. I was looking out my window to watch the sky darken (it was a little before dusk) and I saw what looked like light resembing what you would see when a plane comes in to land in the fog. Judging by the height (it seems as high as a jetliner would fly while cruising) I saw a light with a fog seeming to trail behind it, but I found it strange that if it were an aircraft with a light on in the upper atmosphere the "fog" would be opposite the direction it was moving. Anyway, as it travelled along, I was waiting for what I thought would be where the light would be pointed directly in my direction, when all of the sudden, it exploded into a faint, white fireball, that resembled what looks like a firework burst. All white, with symmetric white arms - just like what you'd see on July 4. Then they fissled out and it was gone. I have never seen anything like this. I'm guessing that it was a meteor, but it was moving so slow, and I have seen those before. There was no "fire trail" or sparks, and it was moving as if it were a jetliner. MAN, I wish I knew.
((NUFORC Note: Missile launch from Vandenberg AFB. Please see article. PD))
((BEGIN ASSOCIATED PRESS ARTICLE ABOUT LAUNCH))
Air Force Test Missile Out West
Fri Sep 20, 1:25 AM ET
VANDENBERG AIR FORCE BASE, Calif. (AP) - An Air Force missile test Thursday provided a spectacular light show seen over California and much of the West, as far away as Utah and New Mexico.
The colorful contrail was seen soon after the unarmed Minuteman III intercontinental ballistic missile blasted off at 7:36 p.m. from an underground silo at the Vandenberg military base north of Santa Barbara.
"The smoke went up in spirals as the sun was setting and turned into an orange, amber color. It was like a flower going into bloom pretty quickly," said Simon Cox, who saw it from a restaurant terrace in Santa Barbara.
The missile traveled about 4,200 miles in about 30 minutes, striking a predetermined target at the Kwajalein Missile Range in the western chain of the Marshall Islands, the Air Force said.
Vandenberg spokeswoman Kelly Gabel said clear conditions were responsible for the spectacular light show.
"We do this two or three times a year, but because the weather was so perfect we decided to launch it early," Gabel said. As a result, people were still awake to see it, and although the sun had set, sunlight below the horizon glinted off unspent fuel particles and water droplets.
"Suddenly we're getting calls from people as far away as New Mexico who saw it and want to know what it is," Gabel said.
The mission was directed by the 576th Flight Test Squadron at Vandenberg and the 341th Space Wing and the 341st Space Wing, from Malmstrom Air Force Base in Montana.
The purpose was to test launch systems and the missile's accuracy and reliability.
If you answered that you believe the AP — we do, too. For now.
Although a modest shower, perhaps offering 5 meteors per hour, the Taurid shower is known for producing some dramatic fireballs.
Taurid fireball through light clouds – November 1, 2018 – by Eliot Herman in Tucson, Arizona. Notice the moon, just rising, on the left.
The South and North Taurid meteor showers aren’t known for their large numbers of meteors, but they do offer a high percentage of fireballs, or exceptionally bright meteors. This shower made a huge splash three years ago, in 2015, when there were many, many reports and photos featuring Taurid fireball sightings. Higher rates of Taurid fireballs appear to happen in seven-year cycles. Grand fireball displays did indeed take place in 2008 and 2015. No elevated levels of fireballs are expected in 2018, but the absence of moonlight will make this a fine year for watching the South Taurid shower on and around its expected peak date of November 5.
So watch out for Taurid meteors – and possible fireballs – starting now and throughout the weekend.
Taurid fireball on the evening of October 21, 2017 – 10:27 p.m. – from Joanne West at Gold Canyon, Arizona. Eliot Herman in Tucson caught this same meteor. Read more about the 2 photos.
The prime time viewing hours are from late night until dawn, with the peak viewing coming just after the midnight hour. In general, the South Taurids offer about five meteors per hour at their peak, but the North Taurid shower may add a few more meteors to the mix. How many you’ll see will depend on how far from city lights you are … and how bright the meteors are. If they’re bright enough, they’ll overcome skies beset by light pollution.
Taurid meteors radiate from the constellation Taurus, but they’ll appear in all parts of the sky.
The Taurid meteor stream consists of an extremely wide roadway of far-flung debris left behind by Comet 2P/Encke. When Earth travels through this belt of comet debris, bits and pieces of Comet 2P/Encke smash into the Earth’s upper atmosphere to vaporize as rather slow-moving Taurid meteors (28 km/17 miles per second).
Apparently, the original Taurid stream has been perturbed by Jupiter into two branches: South and North Taurids.
Bottom line: With no moonlight to ruin the show, we’re hoping to see at least a smattering of Taurid fireballs in 2018! It’s time to start watching for them. What to expect from the South Taurid shower, and when to watch.
The GRAVITY instrument on the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope has discovered new details about the Milky Way’s central supermassive black hole. This illustration visualizes some of them, chiefly newfound hot clumps of gas that orbit the black hole at 30 percent the speed of light. Credit: ESO/Gravity Consortium/L. Calçada
Just in time for Halloween, astronomers have delivered the best-yet view of a real-life cosmic monster—Sagittarius A*, a supermassive black hole lurking at the center of the Milky Way. Or, rather, a view of hot clumps of gas that orbit it, teetering on the edge of oblivion. The results reveal new, previously unknown properties of our galaxy’s largest black hole and point the way toward a deeper understanding of gravity.
Black holes, like all truly terrifying monsters, can scarcely be comprehended, let alone seen. Even Einstein doubted they existed, despite his theory of general relativity predicting that they must. They are knots of gravitation bound so tightly that within them spacetime dissolves; spectral shadows so voracious they devour light itself. Yet they can be glimpsed indirectly, like apparitions at the corner of your eye. Most spectacularly, when they eat stars or other black holes they can give off gravitational waves, ripples in the fabric of reality that scientists first directly detected in 2016. Scientists can also measure a black hole’s mass through swarms of stars orbiting around it—showing, for example, Sagittarius A* has somehow swallowed the equivalent of four million suns. (Those in other galaxies can be far larger, tipping the scales at billions of solar masses.) And, ironically, although black holes do not shine, the gas and dust that piles up in spinning accretion disks around their maws can be heated to billions of degrees, becoming hundreds of times more luminous than a star and occasionally ejecting even brighter sprays of radiation. When they come from supermassive black holes, those outbursts can shape and perhaps even sterilize a galactic host—and such black holes seem to squat at the center of every large galaxy. For more than 40 years astronomers have warily studied such circumstantial evidence like bones and ashes scattered at the threshold of a dragon’s lair.
Now, an international team of scientists has studied the Milky Way’s monster using an instrument called GRAVITY to combine the infrared light from four eight-meter telescopes at the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope in Chile. Combining light from multiple telescopes is a technique called interferometry, and can dramatically boost the sensitivity and precision of astronomical observations. The results appeared October 31 in Astronomy & Astrophysics. “This is a major breakthrough,” says Reinhard Genzel, an astrophysicist at Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics and leader of the group. “We have observed the galactic center by using four telescopes as a gigantic single telescope with an effective 130-meter diameter to make interferometric images about a thousand times fainter than what has been done before.” This is not the first breakthrough from GRAVITY: In May of this year the team successfully measured the relativistic distortion of light from a star, S2, during the its closest approach to Sagittarius A* in its 16-year-orbit around the monstrous black hole.
This latest discovery unfolded during and shortly after those same observations of S2, when GRAVITY team members Oliver Pfuhl and Jason Dexter, both study co-authors at Max Planck, noticed three flares, or “hot spots,” that emanated from Sagittarius A*’s accretion disk between mid-May and late July. To appreciate the GRAVITY team’s feat, imagine looking up at the moon from the Earth and discerning on the lunar surface a quarter coin (Sagittarius A*—or at least its shadow) sitting on a beach ball decorated with Christmas lights (Sagittarius A*’s accretion disk and accompanying flares).
These hot spots are thought to be “magnetic thunderstorms” that occur when intense magnetic fields form filaments that snap apart and reconnect, releasing copious energy to heat nearby gas within a black hole’s accretion disk. Each hot spot is akin to a short-lived, 10-million-kilometer-wide lightbulb—after perhaps an hour, it cools and shears apart in the whirling, turbulent maelstrom. That would make studying them exceedingly challenging—particularly if their emissions were being warped and occluded by various extreme relativistic effects predicted to arise in the vicinity of a black hole. Those same effects, in turn, could be studied to put Einstein’s theory of gravity to increasingly stringent tests, potentially leading to new physics.
Such outbursts have been detected before, but for the first time GRAVITY allowed the astronomers to precisely measure the flares’ positions and motions before they dissipated, showing each one moved at 30 percent light-speed in a roughly 45-minute orbit around some unseen central object weighing four million suns. GRAVITY’s data also measured each flare’s polarization, which shifted in accordance with each spot’s motion through the disk’s powerful magnetic fields, further reinforcing the orbital interpretation. “When we saw the first one, we had to ask ourselves, ‘Is this real or not?’ but then we found two more,” Pfuhl says. “They all showed the same rotation, the same orientation and the same scale, which reassured us.”
When first presented with the data, Genzel initially reacted with shock. “I couldn’t believe my eyes,” he says. “No one believed we could do this—we didn’t really think we could do it, either—but there it was, this beautiful orbital motion.” Besides being fortunate enough to catch multiple flares in the act, the GRAVITY team also seems to have been blessed with a quirk of geometry—their best estimates of the hot spots’ orbits suggest Sagittarius A*’s accretion disk is coincidentally oriented almost face-on rather than edge-on to Earth, allowing astronomers to study its swirling hot spots much like meteorologists use satellite views to track thunderstorms in a hurricane. “This is like winning the lottery, because the a priori probability that you would see something like this face-on is very low,” Genzel says. “It almost seems that somebody has arranged this for us; I guess the galactic center is a place for lucky people.”
One person relatively unsurprised by the result is Avi Loeb, an astrophysicist at Harvard University who was not directly involved with GRAVITY’s studies. More than a decade ago, while working with then-postdoc Avery Broderick (now at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Canada), Loeb developed models of hot spots around Sagittarius A* and suggested methods for observing their orbital motion. “Seeing is believing,” he says. “This is fully consistent with what we expected…. Most everyone I talked to about this back then regarded our hot spot model as naive, but amazingly enough nature has proved kinder than many of my colleagues.”
The most important overlap between such predictions and GRAVITY’s observations is that Sagittarius A*’s hot spots seem to be perched just above a long-predicted point of no return—an “innermost stable orbit” for material at the accretion disk’s inner cusp. Beyond this boundary any object will precipitously plunge down through the black hole’s event horizon—the proverbial end of the line past which even light cannot escape—effectively passing out of the observable universe and into the unknown. Because the exact location of any black hole’s innermost orbit depends on its most basic properties, GRAVITY’s measurement is telling us something profound and new about Sagittarius A*. “By themselves, black holes are simple objects—mass, spin and [electric] charge is all you get,” says Andrea Ghez, an astronomer at the University of California, Los Angeles, who leads a team that has used the twin Keck telescopes in Hawaii to compete with Genzel’s group for more than a decade. “The innermost stable orbit is tied to the black hole’s mass and spin—and we already know [Sagittarius A*’s] mass—so if you believe the hot spot is emitting from there, you could pin this black hole’s spin and measure this fundamental property. That fundamental property is tied to how these things grow, which tells you how they form and evolve over time. Black holes are basic constituents of our universe, so when you study them, you are asking about the building blocks of the cosmos.”
Unfortunately, for now further empirical validation of GRAVITY’s result may be limited to that instrument alone. In 2012 NASA pulled the plug on an initiative to give the Keck telescopes an interferometric capability similar to that used by GRAVITY on the Very Large Telescope; without it, independent observations—and confirmation—from Ghez’s team will likely have to wait until sometime in the 2020s when two as-yet-unbuilt 30-meter-class U.S. observatories, the Giant Magellan Telescope and the Thirty Meter Telescope, are slated to debut.
In the meantime, GRAVITY will observe the galactic center for more flares beginning next spring, and additional corroboration may come from the realm of radio astronomy. The Event Horizon Telescope, which seeks to image the enigmatic shadow of Sagittarius A* by interferometrically linking radio observatories from around the world, should soon publish early results from its first full-scale observing run performed last year. That work probes much closer to the black hole, where gravity traps light in a revolving ring just outside the event horizon. But according to the project’s director, Sheperd Doeleman, those observations might also reveal radio blips produced by the circulation of hot spots farther out.
“Whether you’re looking at them in infrared or radio or gravitational waves, black holes really are the crux, one of the universe’s deepest and most profound mysteries,” Doeleman says. “How can there be a one-way doorway out of our universe? What does that even mean? Right now we are still just seeing bones outside the dragon’s lair—we haven’t seen the dragon.”
WETENSCHAPVlak na de ruimtetelescoop Kepler verliezen de Verenigde Staten een tweede verkenner. De ruimtesonde Dawn zit zonder brandstof en doet het niet meer.
De Dawn is in 2007 gelanceerd. Hij onderzocht de grote rotsblokken Vesta en Ceres. Die liggen tussen Mars en Jupiter en draaien in een baan rond de zon. Het onderzoek moest wetenschappers meer leren over het ontstaan van ons zonnestelsel. Anders dan de aarde zijn de rotsblokken nooit uitgegroeid tot echte planeten.
Sinds 2015 draait de sonde rond Ceres. Die rots bevat mogelijk ingrediënten voor het ontstaan van leven. Die mogen niet vervuild worden en daarom is ruimtevaartorganisatie NASA heel voorzichtig. De vluchtleiding laat de sonde niet crashen op de rots, maar laat hem nog zeker twintig en mogelijk vijftig jaar lang eromheen draaien. Eerder deze week maakte de NASA het einde van de ruimtetelescoop Kepler bekend. Ook daar is de brandstof op. De Kepler heeft sinds het begin van de missie in maart 2009 ongeveer 2.600 planeten ontdekt buiten ons zonnestelsel.
En er dreigt nog een derde Amerikaanse missie af te lopen. De Opportunity, een karretje dat veertien jaar lang op Mars rondreed, heeft al tijden niets meer van zich laten horen. Sinds een maandenlange stofstorm is het stil. Misschien is de wagen onherstelbaar beschadigd of is de accu leeg.
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Could Oumuamua Be an Extra-Terrestrial Solar Sail?
Could Oumuamua Be an Extra-Terrestrial Solar Sail?
On October 19th, 2017, the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System-1 (Pan-STARRS-1) in Hawaii announced the first-ever detection of an interstellar asteroid, named 1I/2017 U1 (aka. ‘Oumuamua). In the months that followed, multiple follow-up observations were conducted that allowed astronomers to get a better idea of its size and shape, while also revealing that it had the characteristics of both a comet and an asteroid.
Interestingly enough, there has also been some speculation that based on its shape, ‘Oumuamua might actually be an interstellar spacecraft (Breakthrough Listen even monitored it for signs of radio signals!). A new study by a pair of astronomers from the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) has taken it a step further, suggesting that ‘Oumuamua may actually be a light sail of extra-terrestrial origin.
The study – “Could Solar Radiation Pressure Explain ‘Oumuamua’s Peculiar Acceleration?”, which recently appeared online – was conducted by Shmuel Bialy and Prof. Abraham Loeb. Whereas Bialy is a postdoctoral researcher at the CfA’s Institute for Theory and Computation (ITC), Prof. Loeb is the director of the ITC, the Frank B. Baird Jr. Professor of Science at Harvard University, and the head chair of the Breakthrough Starshot Advisory Committee.
Artist’s impression of the first interstellar asteroid/comet, “Oumuamua”. This unique object was discovered on 19 October 2017 by the Pan-STARRS 1 telescope in Hawaii. Credit: ESO/M. Kornmesser
To recap, ‘Oumuamua was first spotted by the Pan-STARRS-1 survey 40 days after it made its closest pass to the Sun (on September 9th, 2017). At this point, it was about 0.25 AU from the Sun (one-quarter the distance between Earth and the Sun), and already on its way out of the Solar System. In that time, astronomers noted that it appeared to have a high density (indicative of a rocky and metallic composition) and that it was spinning rapidly.
While it did not show any signs of outgassing as it passed close to our Sun (which would have indicated that it was a comet), a research team was able to obtain spectra that indicated that ‘Oumuamua was more icy than previously thought. Then, as it began to leave the Solar System, the Hubble Space Telescope snapped some final images of ‘Oumuamua that revealed some unexpected behavior.
After examining the images, another international research team discovered that ‘Oumuamua had increased in velocity, rather than slowing down as expected. The most likely explanation, they claimed, was that ‘Oumuamua was venting material from its surface due to solar heating (aka. outgassing). The release of this material, which is consistent with how a comet behaves, would give ‘Oumuamua the steady push it needed to achieve this boost in velocity.
To this, Bialy and Loeb offer a counter-explanation. If ‘Oumuamua were in fact a comet, why then did it not experience outgassing when it was closest to our Sun? In addition, they cite other research that showed that if outgassing were responsible for the acceleration, it would have also caused a rapid evolution in ‘Oumuamua’s spin (which was not observed).
Basically, Bialy and Loeb consider the possibility that ‘Oumuamua could in fact be a light sail, a form of spacecraft that relies on radiation pressure to generate propulsion – similar to what Breakthrough Starshot is working on. Similar to what is planned for Starshot, this light sail may been sent from another civilization to study our Solar System and look for signs of life. As Prof. Loeb explained to Universe Today via email:
“We explain the excess acceleration of `Oumuamua away from the Sun as the result of the force that the Sunlight exerts on its surface. For this force to explain measured excess acceleration, the object needs to be extremely thin, of order a fraction of a millimeter in thickness but tens of meters in size. This makes the object lightweight for its surface area and allows it to act as a light-sail. Its origin could be either natural (in the interstellar medium or proto-planetary disks) or artificial (as a probe sent for a reconnaissance mission into the inner region of the Solar System).”
Based on this, Bialy and Loeb went about calculating the likely shape, thickness, and mass-to-area ratio that such an artificial object would have. They also attempted to determine whether this object would be able to survive in interstellar space, and whether or not it would be able to withstand the tensile stresses caused by rotation and tidal forces.
What they found was that a sail that was only a fraction of a millimeter thick (0.3-0.9 mm) would be sufficient for a sheet of solid material to survive the journey through the entire galaxy – though this depends greatly on ‘Oumuamuam’s mass density (which is not well-contrained). Thick or thin, this sail would be able to withstand collisions with dust-grains and gas that permeate the interstellar medium, as well as centrifugal and tidal forces.
Artist concept of lightsail craft approaching the potentially habitable exoplanet Proxima b. Credit: PHL @ UPR Arecibo
As for what an extra-terrestrial light sail would be doing in our Solar System, Bialy and Loeb offer some possible explanations for that. First, they suggest that the probe may actually be a defunct sail floating under the influence of gravity and stellar radiation, similar to debris from ship wrecks floating in the ocean. This would help explain why Breakthrough Listen found no evidence of radio transmissions.
Loeb further illustrated this idea in a recent article he penned forScientific American, where he suggested that ‘Oumuamua could be the first known case of an artificial relic which floated into our Solar System from interstellar space. What’s more, he notes that lightsails with similar dimensions have been designed and constructed by humans, including the Japanese-designed IKAROS project and the Starshot Initiative with which he is involved.
“This opportunity establishes a potential foundation for a new frontier of space archaeology, namely the study of relics from past civilizations in space,” Loeb wrote. “Finding evidence for space junk of artificial origin would provide an affirmative answer to the age-old question ‘Are we alone?’. This would have a dramatic impact on our culture and add a new cosmic perspective to the significance of human activity.”
On the other hand, as Loeb told Universe Today, ‘Oumuamua could be an active piece of alien technology that came to explore our Solar System, the same way we hope to explore Alpha Centauri using Starshot and similar technologies:
“The alternative is to imagine that `Oumuamua was on a reconnaissance mission. The reason I contemplate the reconnaissance possibility is that the assumption that `Oumumua followed a random orbit requires the production of ~10^{15} such objects per star in our galaxy. This abundance is up to a hundred million times more than expected from the Solar System, based on a calculation that we did back in 2009. A surprisingly high overabundance, unless `Oumuamua is a targeted probe on a reconnaissance mission and not a member of a random population of objects.”
IKAROS spaceprobe with solar sail in flight (artist’s depiction) showing a typical square sail configuration. Credit: Wikimedia Commons/Andrzej Mirecki
According to Loeb, that there’s also the fact that ‘Oumuamua’s orbit brought it to within 0.25 AU of the Sun, which is a good orbit for intercepting Earth without experiencing too much solar irradiation. In addition, it came to within 0.15 AU of Earth, which could have been the result of orbital corrections designed to facilitate a flyby.
Alternately, he states that it is possible that hundreds of such probes could be sent so that one of them got close enough to Earth to study it. The fact that the Pan STARRS-1 survey barely detected ‘Oumuamua at its closest approach could be seen as an indication that there are many other such objects that were not detected, bolstering the case for ‘Oumuamua being one of many such probes.
Considering that astronomers recently concluded that our Solar System has likely captured thousands of interstellar objects like ‘Oumuamua, this opens the possibility for future detections which could help prove (or disprove) the case for an interstellar light sail.
Naturally, Bialy and Loeb acknowledge that are still too many unknowns to say with any certainty what ‘Oumuamua really is. And even if it does happen to be a piece of natural rock, all other asteroids and comets that have previously been detected have had mass-to-area ratios orders of magnitude larger than the current estimates for ’Oumuamua.
Oumuamua as it appeared using the William Herschel Telescope on the night of October 29th, 2017. Credit: Queen’s University Belfast/William Herschel Telescope
That, and the fact that radiation pressure appears to be capable of accelerating it, would mean that ‘Oumuamua represents a new class of thin interstellar material that has never before been seen. If true, that opens up a whole new set of mysteries, such as how such material was produced and by what (or whom).
While it has been beyond the reach of our telescopes for almost a year now, ‘Oumuamua is sure to remain the subject of intense study for many years to come. And you can bet astronomers will be on the lookout for more of them! After all, “the Ramans do everything in threes”, right?
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 73 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
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