Deep exposures on 7 September 2025 show 3I/ATLAS wrapped in a green coma.

(Credit: M. Jäger and Gerald Rhemann)

I have been staring at 3I/ATLAS for weeks, not through an eyepiece, but through the stack of reports and images that keep arriving. At first the object looked reddish. Now its glow reads as green. The gas around it is heavy on carbon dioxide and thin on water, which is not how a regular comet behaves near the Sun. In some images the light seems to extend toward the Sun rather than away from it. That is the kind of detail that makes you sit up, because it refuses to fit neatly into the usual picture.

One anomaly can be a measurement quirk. A handful of them begins to sound like a pattern. With 3I/ATLAS we have color change, unusual chemistry, odd scattering of light, and a path that hugs the plane of the planets more closely than chance would suggest. When you place those facts side by side, you get a portrait that does not match the familiar family of icy bodies in the solar system where we are from.

This is where the culture of science matters. Many researchers are careful, honest, and conservative in how they talk about data. That caution serves the field well. It also means that oddities sometimes get smoothed out by language before they are faced head on. PRofessor Avi Loeb takes a different tack. He keeps pointing at the data and asking simple questions in public. He does not chase applause and he does not hide behind comfortable phrasing. I respect that. Science is not a popularity contest. It is a process for finding out what is true in the world, and that process only works if people are willing to ask the questions that feel awkward.

Let me be direct about one thing. I do not think 3I/ATLAS is an alien spacecraft. I would love it to be, sure. Natural explanations should be worked through first, with patience and rigor. The chemistry could reflect a crust rich in carbon dioxide ice. The color shift could track changes in sunlight and temperature that wake up different molecules at different distances. The odd light pattern could be geometry and timing. I mean, remember the face on Mars? There is work to do before anyone should claim anything extraordinary.

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Still, I will take the other path because it is worth thinking clearly about it. If 3I/ATLAS were artificial, it would almost certainly not carry living organisms. Biology does not like deep space. It breaks down under radiation and time. A machine can wait and repair itself. An autonomous probe guided by artificial intelligence makes more engineering sense for an interstellar mission than a cabin full of breath and bone. That is not a romantic picture, but it is a practical one.

I keep returning to ʻOumuamua. (I also loved Loeb’s book on ʻOumuamua) It was small, fast, and behaviorally odd. It showed no clear signs of venting, yet its motion suggested a small push that gravity alone did not account for. It looked nothing like the textbook comets we teach. It passed. Many argued. It kept its secrets. If you allow a speculative frame for one paragraph, you can imagine ʻOumuamua as a scout, a light vehicle meant to sense, sample, and move on. You can then imagine 3I/ATLAS as a larger platform with a different set of capabilities. If that picture were true, it would point to a civilization far beyond us in age and capacity, one that builds in classes of craft and sends them across star systems as calmly as we send weather satellites across the Atlantic.

I am not claiming that is the case. I am laying out a clean line of reasoning so that readers understand what is at stake when we talk about anomalies. The right response is not to fall in love with the extraordinary answer. The right response is to gather the kind of data that lets the ordinary answer win on evidence, not on habit.

Here is what the data say in plain terms. When 3I/ATLAS was far from the Sun, the light it threw around itself increased very quickly as it moved inward. Once it crossed a certain distance, that increase slowed. That pattern suggests that the material around it changed character. At first the light likely bounced off dust lifted from a dark surface layer. Closer in, fresh, small ice grains likely took over and brightened the glow in a different way. Independent observations show a gas plume dominated by carbon dioxide, with smaller amounts of carbon monoxide and only traces of water. That is unusual when set next to the comets that spend their lives in our system. But thenagain, space is weird, and the universe has so many secrets we are just starting to explore.

You do not need to be a specialist to grasp the next step. If an object from another star looks different from most of our comets, we should not force it into the old mold. We should describe it as it is and ask what that tells us about where it came from, how it formed, and how it is changing now. That is the heart of science. Describe the thing. Test the description. Change your mind when the facts warrant it.

This is also where public conversation can go wrong. People hear “anomaly” and think “mystery solved by a wild claim.” That habit hurts everyone. The better habit is calm curiosity. Loeb often argues for that posture, even when it upsets colleagues. He asks for open data, independent measurements, and patient analysis. He reminds us that history is full of mistakes that felt safe at the time. The Sun did not circle Earth. Diseases did not spring from bad air. Continents did not stand still. Our job is not to protect an old story. Our job is to find the right one.

So what should we do with 3I/ATLAS right now? Keep observing. Compare instruments. Cross-check photometry and spectra. Model the light scattering with more than one set of assumptions. Publish the methods in detail. Invite rival teams to replicate the results. Treat the object as a laboratory for learning about interstellar debris, not as a prop in a culture war between skeptics and believers. If the mundane explanation is correct, it will earn its place by explaining the color, the chemistry, and the geometry without hand-waving. If it fails, we will know exactly where it fails, and that will be valuable.

I will close where I began. The sky is not tidy. It is real and indifferent. It holds dust that glows green and rocks that tumble and gas that tricks the eye. We do not honor it by draping it in stories that flatter us. We honor it by looking closely, asking better questions, and letting evidence lead, even when it drags us somewhere we did not plan to go. If 3I/ATLAS turns out to be a strange but natural traveler, that will be worth knowing. If it is something else, we will need the same tools and the same temperament to face that result. Either way, curiosity and discipline carry us forward.

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{ https://curiosmos.com/category/alien-theories/ }

09-09-2025 om 21:25 geschreven door peter  

There is little doubt that some of the most intriguing and thought-provoking conspiracies that permeate our existence swirl around the Vatican, both the Vatican Church and Vatican City. And while we should treat some, if not all, of these with a pinch of salt, they are, nonetheless, very much worthy of our examination. Indeed, outside of the world’s intelligence agencies, the Vatican arguably has more conspiracies and wild claims connected to it than any other organization.

The Vatican Archives, for example, have been the center of multiple conspiracies for decades, perhaps even centuries, with much speculation as to just what is contained there, and what else might be hidden away even more in secret underground locations. While a full exploration of the realities of just some of the conspiracies of the Vatican Archives would take an article in its own right, it is worth touching on some of them here.

Perhaps the most captivating of these claims is that somewhere deep within these archives (once more, perhaps hidden away from the archives that are “publicly” on display), there are ancient writings of interaction between humanity and non-human intelligences in antiquity. Not only that, but these interactions have been twisted and repurposed as Biblical writings – essentially, they form the basis of many Western religions. A good example might be stigmata, which some researchers have suggested is simply wounds from interactions with these non-human intelligences, or even with UFOs.

There are, of course, many more Biblical accounts that we could suggest are, in fact, twisted accounts of interactions with otherworldly entities in the distant past. The Jacob’s Ladder account, for example, or the guiding light and column of smoke that guided the Exodus, are just two examples. We could even look at the account of Adam and Eve and the Garden of Eden and theorize it was actually documentation of genetic experiments in a controlled, perhaps bio-dome-type environment. The fact is, though, as intriguing as these suggestions are, without proof, they remain exactly that. Could the proof reside within the Vatican Archives?

We might also consider the many alleged appearances of such figures as the Virgin Mary that have been deemed miraculous by the Church. However, when some of these encounters are more closely examined, it appears they, too, have been twisted from encounters with otherworldly figures, some of which appear to be far from friendly, to encounters with divine intelligences. We might ask why they would choose to do this. Is it simply to accrue miraculous legends as their own to bolster their position on the world stage, or might it be to cover up the nature of our reality and protect their status amid the ever-changing collective understanding of our reality?

It is also worth highlighting some of the research of Leonardo da Vinci, who conducted much of his work within the walls of the Vatican, particularly his autopsies and dissections, which were highly illegal at the time, to study human anatomy. We might ask if this research was not known by the Church, or if they simply turned a blind eye, perhaps in exchange for access to that research. I should stress, this is just speculation on my part, but when we consider how closely the Vatican treats space research, even owning several observatories around the world, it is perhaps not unreasonable speculation.

It is clear, then, that the conspiracies surrounding the Vatican have been swirling around the Church for hundreds of years, arguably since the very beginning of its official foundation. Indeed, for centuries, the Church controlled multiple countries through the royal families of Europe, while also maintaining control of the respective populations of those countries through the dreaded Inquisition, which claimed the lives of millions of people over hundreds of years.

In more recent times, as we will explore in a little more detail later, the Vatican has become involved in several questionable financial investments, with some accusations of misuse of funds. Moreover, many of these claims appear to be much closer to the mark than the Church would perhaps like. However, before we explore these grittier and decidedly darker conspiracies of the Vatican, we will turn our attention to one of the more thought-provoking, if bizarre, conspiracies of the Church.

Although it is a conspiracy that we should most certainly treat with caution, the claims of a high-tech device that allows those who use it to see into the past, as well as into the “near future”, are of interest to us here. The device in question is known as the Chronovisor, claims of which first began circulating in conspiracy circles following the release of the 2002 book The Vatican’s New Mystery (Le Nouveau Mystere de Vatican) by Father Francois Brune, who, incidentally, is an authority of sorts on paranormal encounters and religion. However, perhaps lending a little more credence to the claims, an account of the Chronovisor can be found in a 1972 Italian newspaper article titled A Machine That Photographs The Past Has Finally Been Invented!

According to the article, the Chronovisor project began in the 1950s, when Father Ernetti, who was an Italian physicist before he joined the priesthood, was tasked with leading the program and creating the device. The device itself was rather small, and was “composed entirely of precious alloys” and utilized a screen that was connected to various tubes and tuning dials. Interestingly, Ernetti had several people working closely with him as advisors, including Nobel prize-winning physicist Enrico Fermi, and one-time member of the Third Reich and Operation Paperclip transplant, Wernher von Braun, who, essentially, guided NASA to the Moon. With von Barun’s involvement in particular, it is interesting to note the similarities of the Chronovisor to the alleged secret device of the Third Reich, Die Glocke (The Bell), which was said to also show visions of the past, as well as the future. Moreover, in the early years of the regime, the Catholic Church supported the Third Reich, so there was certainly some crossover previously between those involved.

According to the reports, the Chronovisor works by utilizing “residual electromagnetic radiation left over by numerous processes!” The energy released from these processes allowed the device to “detect” certain frequencies and energies in space and time and then process and present them as “moving images like a film!” Unfortunately, the processes themselves are not detailed, so we have little understanding of how the device actually works. Nor was the location of the Chronovisor ever revealed, with Ernetti, perhaps understandably, stating that he feared if it fell into the wrong hands, it could result in the “scariest dictatorship the world has ever seen!”

Ernetti did offer some details on the places and events from the past he had seen, however, including the founding of Rome in 753 BC, as well as the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah. However, it was his claims of witnessing “the crucifixion of Christ” that drew most interest, and criticism, not least as he also offered a clearly faked photograph as proof. While it might be easy to dismiss Ernetti as a fraudster and the claims of the Chronovisor as nothing but nonsense, the Vatican itself had some very interesting things to say on the matter.

Ernetti eventually admitted the photograph was a fake, but insisted that the device itself was very real, and that it worked. He then stated rather matter-of-factly that “Pope Pius XII forbade us to disclose details about this device because the machine was very dangerous!” What makes Ernetti’s claims all the more intriguing is a decree issued by the Vatican on the subject that stated, “anyone using an instrument of such characteristics (as the Chronovisor) would be excommunicated!” Make of that what you will. There are, though, further twists in the tale of the Chronovisor.

On September 24th, 1953, on the other side of the Atlantic in Los Angeles, California, publisher Douglas K. DeVross was shot dead at point-blank range in his office. The man who pulled the trigger claimed DeVross was having an affair with his wife (something, incidentally, that she denied), and he was ultimately imprisoned for second-degree murder.

It was, though, the publishing project he was working on at the time of his death that is of most interest to us here – the life’s work of Baird T. Spalding, Life and Teachings of the Masters of the Far East. Spalding, who had passed away several months previously at the age of 95, was a controversial figure who made some interesting claims during his life, some of which were now within the pages of his multi-volume work. According to Spalding, from 1894 to 1897, he had toured India, Tibet, China, and Persia (now Iran) with a “party of 12”, soaking up the “wisdom of elder brothers” as he did so. It was this wisdom that resulted in his life’s work, and it has to be said, they are remarkably insightful and thought-provoking. However, it appeared, at least to some, that all was not quite as Spalding was offering.

It was noted that he was absolutely “penniless” at the time of his death. Moreover, there were no records of him ever accruing any type of moderate wealth, certainly not enough to have funded such an extensive multi-year trip that he claimed to have embarked on. As we might imagine, this led many people to question if Spalding was nothing more than a fraud. However, despite this, many people were equally insistent that the authenticity of his writings shone through, and certainly didn’t appear to have been written by a fraudster. It was, though, some of Spalding’s other claims that some eagle-eyed researchers picked up on.

He claimed that after returning from his extensive travels, he became involved in a project with an engineer, Charles Steinmetz. This project eventually resulted in the invention of a “camera of past events” that could “peer back in time”. We might ask if this project, if indeed it took place, was an early version of the Chronovisor, and if this device assisted Spalding in attaining the knowledge and wisdom he seemingly undoubtedly had. We also might consider whether the plans or blueprints for this device found their way to DeVross when he got the four-volume work he was publishing at the time of his death. Could it really be possible that he was murdered for what he had suddenly discovered? It is only wild speculation, but it is certainly speculation worth considering.

Of course, if there is any truth in the notion that DeVross was murdered due to his discovery of knowledge of a device that could view the past, then we might consider what became of that information. Did it somehow find its way across the Atlantic Ocean and to the Vatican? And if so, does that mean the Vatican, or organizations sympathetic to the Vatican, were behind DeVross’ murder? Or might the intelligence agencies of the United States have been involved, and did they then “farm out” the technology to the safety of the Vatican? We might consider that the agency involved would have simply advanced the technology themselves behind closed doors, but claims that surfaced in the late 2010s perhaps make the claims that the Vatican ended up with Spalding’s technology a little more credible.

In early 2017, author and researcher Alfred Lambermont Webre claimed that as far back as the 1960s, the Vatican granted access to the CIA to “quantum access technology”. Moreover, he stated that proof of this could be found in the WikiLeaks files. Webre continued that the CIA and the Vatican were very “close organizations” and that the Vatican was instrumental in the intelligence agency’s beginnings. He continued that the Vatican had “subcontracted out” the Chronovisor, not only to the United States, but to other countries, including the United Kingdom, which were “sympathetic” to the Vatican’s ideology. We should note that many people, even in the conspiracy community, are skeptical of Webre’s claims, considering him eccentric and unpredictable. Perhaps in his defense, we should also state that he holds a law degree from Yale University.  

There can be little doubt that there are no darker conspiracies than those surrounding the sudden death of Pope John Paul I on September 28th, 1978. Although Pope John Paul I’s – real name, Albino Luciani – death was from a sudden heart attack, there are genuine reasons to be suspicious, not least when Masonic connections were highlighted, as well as the fact that he died on the 33rd day after becoming pope.

This was documented masterfully in the book In God’s Name: An Investigation into the Murder of Pope John Paul I by David Yallop. In fact, in the introduction to the book, Yallop issued a challenge of sorts: if anyone was able to disprove his evidence, particularly about a key piece of paper allegedly discovered in the dead Pope’s hand and who discovered his body, he would happily give all the royalties from the book to a charity of the Vatican’s choice. It is a challenge that was never undertaken.

Perhaps as good a place as any to start when exploring the death of Pope John Paul I is with the man himself, or more specifically, his political and religious ideology, which was, at best, a little at odds with the inner workings of the Catholic church and the Vatican. His views on birth control, for example, often put him at loggerheads with the official stance of the Vatican, as was the amount of wealth the Church itself seemed to keep hold of. And these were just two of such niggling disagreements. Perhaps of much more consequence to the events that would result in his (to some) untimely demise is his interest in the inner workings of the Vatican, particularly the financial workings, as well as outside forces that seemingly had vast influence within the Church.

As a good example of these inner workings, Pope John Paul I was seemingly immediately frustrated by the amount of control that these shadowy “lifetime residents” of the Vatican had over his daily life and routine. Everything from where he had his morning coffee to which “secret stairways” he could use and which room even he was forbidden to enter was made clear to him. However, it was quickly clear to the cardinals, bishops, and high priests who were more than happy with the perks of life in the Vatican that the new pope had little liking for “pomp and ceremony” and was unlikely to toe the line.

Bizarrely, although perhaps not so when we consider the Cold War climate, the pope’s apparent openness to the ideology of communism also made him a target of several organizations, including, according to some, the CIA. In fact, so concerned were the CIA that, at least according to some researchers, “elements” of the agency provided funding to the Masonic P2 Lodge, which held great sway in almost all aspects of Italian life, including the Vatican. In fact, while we could spend an entire article on it, it is worth also highlighting that this connection between the powerful lodge and intelligence agency, including the connection to the Vatican Bank (in Vatican City – a state within a state that was answerable only to itself), provided excellent cover for drugs and weapons smuggling, as well as money laundering.  

As this was unfolding, the P2 Lodge was under investigation for various terrorist acts, as well as various charges such as money laundering. Moreover, after Mussolini (like Hitler) had banned secret societies in Italy, their formation was legalized once more following the end of the Second World War. However, they had to make all of their details public, including their members. This was something that P2 pushed the absolute limits of these rules, which only put their activities even more under scrutiny. Furthermore, although it was frowned upon, rumors had swirled around Vatican City for years that many high-ranking members of the Church were members of the Masonic lodge, which only made the alleged connections between P2, the CIA, and the Vatican even stronger.

Of further interest, all the members of P2 had one thing above all else that united them – their hatred for communism. Indeed, many of the terrorist acts they were being investigated for had been against communist leaning politicians and persons of influence. The Grand Master of the lodge at the time was Licio Gelli, who had power and influence in all directions, including, it would seem, in the Vatican. It is also worth noting that one-time Italian Prime Minister, Silvio Berlusconi, one of the most powerful and influential people in recent Italian politics, was also a P2 member.

Without a doubt, though, what, if anything, put him in the speculative firing line more than anything else was his genuine desire to have a “poor church for the poor!” Of course, this meant not only would that mean an end to the needless perks of Vatican life, but a complete overhaul of the Church’s finances, and it is there, where the Vatican’s most deadly outside influence seemingly resided. The Church had multiple financial interests that made the Vatican Bank an abundance of tax-free money, money that, if they so chose, they could move around at will and without scrutiny.

The person largely responsible for this at the time was Bishop Paul Marcinkus, who, essentially, held the Vatican’s purse strings, and whose nickname, due to his imposing build, was The Gorilla. Marcinkus was seemingly at the center of all the questionable financial affairs of the Vatican, and was perhaps the ultimate target, at least internally, of Pope John Paul I’s overhaul of the inner workings of the Church. It is also worth mentioning that of all the people accused of having some kind of connection to the Pope’s death, all were either dead, in prison, or on the run in the years that followed, apart from Marcinkus.

With Marcinkus in mind, it is also worth mentioning Cardinal Cody of Chicago, who just happened to be Marcinkus’ hometown. While there is no evidence or suggestion that Cody had any direct connection to the death of Pope John Paul I, he was well versed in moving church funds around for his own ends, and was almost certainly going to be removed from his position by the Pope, after years of attempts to do so due to his overly lavish lifestyle, as well as claims of racism. In short, it certainly wouldn’t have done him any harm whatsoever if something were to happen to the new pope.

Marcinkus also had two other connections to the underworld, both of which were P2 Lodge members, and both of which perhaps stood to lose a lot off the back of the Pope’s desire to rid the Vatican of its wealth and the secrecy of how it conducted its financial affairs – Roberto Calvi (referred to as God’s Banker) and Michele Sindona (known as The Shark). Both had connections to crime syndicates and Masonic lodges, and both were experts at “playing” stock markets and banking sectors. Moreover, following respective investigations into their activities, several “gangland-style assassinations” of prosecutors and witnesses took place throughout the country. Whatever the truth and whatever involvement they might not have had in the death of Pope John Paul I, both men met harrowing ends.

Sindona was eventually arrested and imprisoned for 25 years for murder. While incarcerated, he was poisoned and died. Calvi’s fate was much darker and much more public. In July 1982, his body was found hanging from a bridge under Blackfriars Lodge. Rather than being a suicide, many believed his death was made to look like he had taken his own life. The location, some suggested, was a symbol of the Black Friars, or the Frati Neri, a name that members of the P2 Lodge used for themselves, and that Calvi had been murdered to keep him from speaking of what he knew about the death of Pope John Paul I. Even more interesting, at the same time that her boss seemingly decided to take his own life, Calvi’s secretary decided to “throw herself” from the window of their headquarters. Make of that what you will, of course.

Whether any of those mentioned above were involved, directly or indirectly, with the death of Pope John Paul I or not remains unknown. There are, though, many inconsistencies with the death itself, including just who found the body.

Initial reports of the Pope’s demise came via Vatican Radio, which announced his passing before the official time of death was officially recorded by the Vatican authorities. While some people dismiss this as nothing more than an administrative error, given the weight of the situation, others point this out as a glaring hole in the story of just what happened in the aftermath of the Pope’s death.

There was also, according to sources Yallop spoke with inside the Vatican, an urgent “desire to wrap everything up quickly” following the Pope’s death, and while it is perfectly within Vatican protocol that no autopsy takes place, many people highlighted this as an area of concern. Moreover, even though the Pope had complained of chest pains earlier that evening, these pains eased greatly as the evening progressed, so much so that it was decided there was no need to call the doctor. It was highlighted by some that the nuns close to the Pope, who had travelled with him from Venice to Rome and were fiercely loyal to him, would have insisted a doctor be called, even if the pains had eased. In fact, according to some researchers, including Yallop, it was one of these nuns, Pope John Paul I’s most loyal members of his inner circle, Sister Vencelza, who found the body, something the Vatican denied.

There was also an alleged piece of paper that, according to Yallop’s research, was found in the Pope’s hand when his body was discovered, a piece of paper that was said to contain the names of those inside the Vatican who had connections to P2, as well as to criminal activity involving the Vatican’s finances. Despite inside sources offering that this paper did indeed exist, official Vatican sources have always denied it.

The fact is, given that almost half a century has passed since the death of Pope John Paul I, barring some kind of smoking gun or a confession, it is unlikely we will ever know if there was anything untimely or unsavory about his demise. On the one hand, his desire to rid the Vatican of what he saw as unsavory characters, combined with such symbolism as his death occurring on the 33rd day of his papacy, makes it all the more believable that something untoward did take place. However, despite the Vatican’s obvious power on the world stage, we might suspect that if Pope John Paul I had been murdered, more evidence might have surfaced by now. Ultimately, his death, at least to some, will remain suspicious and unexplained for the foreseeable future.

What is perhaps more apparent is that while some of the claims and conspiracies surrounding the Vatican are wide of the mark in terms of accuracy and credibility, there is little doubt that the Church has, at times, found itself in questionable and/or secretive situations. Indeed, we might wonder just what is contained within the Vatican Archives, and what it might tell us about our collective history, and perhaps even about our reality.  

The fact is, the Vatican has influence and sway across the planet in various aspects of our society. That influence, though, could be more far-reaching and dominant than many people might realize. Indeed, the Vatican could be the public face – albeit a discreet and unofficial one – of the alleged secret society of world elites who hold the world on puppet strings. After all, they have been wielding power over most of Europe and through great parts of South America for centuries, with a foothold in almost every country on the planet. That is not to say that we should consider the Vatican, or indeed Catholicism, to be some kind of threat or ominous force, but we should most definitely be aware of the influence they have, and where that influence can be applied.

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{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

09-09-2025 om 20:56 geschreven door peter  

Chinese scientists have developed a comprehensive mission to study asteroids. One of its targets could be the asteroid Apophis.

The asteroid Apophis has a diameter of 375 meters. On April 13, 2029, it will make a close flyby of Earth, passing at a distance of 32,000 km from its surface (i.e., inside the orbits of geostationary satellites). At that moment, the asteroid will be visible to the naked eye across most of Europe and Africa, as well as in some parts of Asia. The encounter with Earth is expected to affect the asteroid and cause landslides and shifts on it.

According to scientists’ estimates, such large objects approach Earth on average once every 5,000 to 10,000 years. It is not surprising that Apophis’ visit has attracted increased attention, and a number of countries and space agencies are considering options for sending missions to it. Currently, ESA and JAXA are working on the Ramses spacecraft, while NASA is focusing on the OSIRIS-APEX mission, which previously studied the asteroid Bennu.

Chinese scientists do not intend to miss such a rare opportunity and are also working on their own mission. It has been named CROWN/Apophis and is part of a larger project called CROWN, which aims to launch six different probes to study near-Earth objects in heliocentric orbits similar to those of Venus. 

The main task of CROWN/Apophis will be to measure the fundamental properties of this potentially dangerous asteroid and the consequences of its approach to Earth. The goal of the project is to observe the processes that will occur on the surface of Apophis and how it interacts with Earth’s magnetosphere.

CROWN/Apophis will consist of two spacecraft. The larger one, weighing 44 kg, will use a combined chemical and ion propulsion system and will be equipped with cameras, a microwave rangefinder/Doppler system, and low-frequency radar. The 8 kg CubeSat will be equipped with some of the same systems as the main spacecraft.

The devices are proposed to be launched as accompanying cargo as part of a mission that has not yet been determined. After that, they will fly to the L1 Lagrange point of the Sun-Earth system, where they will wait for Apophis to arrive. They will make a close flyby of the asteroid shortly after it visits the vicinity of our planet. This will happen on April 13, 2029.

• According to Spacenews

• Posted in News, Tech

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{ https://universemagazine.com/en/articles-en/ }

09-09-2025 om 20:42 geschreven door peter  

NASA specialists conducted a series of key tests on components of the Dragonfly drone. These tests were successful, allowing them to move on to the next stage of mission development.

Development of the Dragonfly mission began in 2019. As part of this mission, NASA plans to send a rotary-wing aircraft with a total mass of about 450 kg to Titan. It will be equipped with four twin propellers, allowing it to travel at speeds of around 36 km/h and rise to an altitude of up to 8 km. The drone will use a radioisotope generator as its power source.

Dragonfly’s primary mission is to search for complex organic molecules and assess the overall suitability of this celestial body for past and present life. The drone will be able to collect samples from the Titanian surface and conduct chemical analysis on them. Dragonfly will also study the moon’s terrain, atmosphere, and hydrocarbon reservoirs. The spacecraft is designed to operate on Titan for at least three years.

To date, the mission has already gone far beyond computer concepts. In April, its design underwent critical review. This allowed engineers to begin manufacturing and testing the drone’s components. One of the most important tests was conducted in a wind tunnel. For a month, engineers from NASA and the Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) immersed a sensor-equipped drone model in a stream of heavy gas simulating Titan’s dense atmosphere. The collected data helped to understand the kind of loads that the device, its rotary system, and blades would be subjected to. This will enable the preparation of the software necessary for drone flights.

APL engineers also completed structural and thermal testing of the foam insulation for the Dragonfly lander, confirming that it will retain its shape and protect the internal components from the environment, which reaches temperatures of approximately -185 °C on Titan. The landing module body will be covered with a 7.6 cm thick layer of solimide-based foam.

In addition, APL engineers have completed the development of onboard radio stations that will serve as receivers and transmitters during Dragonfly’s flight to Titan and its work on the surface. Employees at the Goddard Space Flight Center have completed work on the DraMS mass spectrometer in search of biosignatures. And Lockheed Martin specialists conducted the first series of tests on the aerodynamic fairing that would protect Dragonfly during its re-entry into the moon’s atmosphere.

The success of all these tests made it possible to move on to the next stage of mission development. In January, engineers will begin assembling the device components and conducting comprehensive testing. The launch of Dragonfly is scheduled for July 2028, with landing on Titan planned for 2034.

• According to NASA

• Posted in News, Tech

{ https://universemagazine.com/en/articles-en/ }

09-09-2025 om 20:32 geschreven door peter  

Scientists investigated the source of radiation Sh 2-283-1a SMM1. It is a stream of matter emitted by a newborn star located at the very edge of the Galaxy. Its chemical composition shows that it contains far fewer heavy elements than similar objects observed to date, but the general patterns of physical processes remain the same.

Jets from a newborn star

Research conducted using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) may help us better understand the processes of star formation. This giant radio telescope observed the radiation source Sh2-283-1a SMM1. It is located 26,000 light-years away from us and 51,000 light-years from the center of the Galaxy.

In fact, it consists of jets of matter emitted by a newborn star. This phenomenon is not new and has been observed more than once. A large amount of matter falls onto the newly formed star, and part of it is ejected back into space due to the large angular momentum.

What makes Sh 2-283-1a SMM1 unusual is the star’s location. Not only is it far away from us, but it is also at the very edge of the Galaxy. Scientists have not yet observed such a phenomenon so far from the center of the Galaxy, and this should be an interesting region, because even compared to the vicinity of the Sun, it is poor in metals, i.e., elements heavier than hydrogen and helium.

Research results

Observations made with ALMA have provided insight into the chemical composition of the jets. It has been confirmed that it is much poorer in heavy elements than similar structures that have been observed previously. In particular, the ratio of silicon oxide to carbon oxide was significantly lower than in jets emanating from young stars near the Sun.

At the same time, this object is a “hot core” — a hot structure rich in chemical elements. They are quite common in star-forming regions closer to the center of the galaxy, but this is only the second time such an object has been observed at its edge. 

The luminosity of the core is 6,700 times greater than that of the Sun, which suggests that the star, when fully formed, will be of average or large mass. The jets are not emitted continuously, but at intervals of 900–1400 years.

ALMA also detected increased activity in four other young stars on the outskirts of the Galaxy. This indicates that the processes of star formation here are quite intense and, in general, follow the same patterns as in the center of the Galaxy.

• According to phys.org

• Posted in News, Science

{ https://universemagazine.com/en/articles-en/ }

09-09-2025 om 20:19 geschreven door peter  

September MUFON eNewsletter- with the Monthly Sighting Statistics!

COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD UNITED STATES 379 UNITED KINGDOM 24 CANADA 21 GERMANY 11 FRANCE 10 AUSTRALIA 10 MEXICO 5 BRAZIL 3 SWITZERLAND 3 ITALY 3 PORTUGAL 3 NETHERLANDS 2 POLAND 2 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 2 RUSSIAN FEDERATION 2 NEW ZEALAND 2 CYPRUS 2 HUNGARY 2 IRAN 2 DENMARK 2 ROMANIA 2 EGYPT 1 ISRAEL 1 ARGENTINA 1 CROATIA 1 GREECE 1 MACEDONIA 1 BELGIUM 1 INDIA 1 TURKEY 1 MADAGASCAR 1 VENEZUELA 1 BOLIVIA 1 ECUADOR 1 MOROCCO 1 SOUTH AFRICA 1 CHINA 1 JAPAN 1 PERU 1 BANGLADESH 1 ICELAND 1 MARTINIQUE 1   TOTAL: 513 SHAPE Circle 65 Sphere 58 Other 56 Unknown 53 Disc 42 Triangle 34 Oval 25 Star-like 22 Cigar 19 Cylinder 13 Square/Rectangular 10 Fireball 8 Diamond 7 Boomerang 6 Flash 6 Egg 6 Tic Tac 5 Chevron 4 Blimp 4 N/A 4 Cross 2 Teardrop 2 Bullet/Missile 2 Dumbbell 1 Saturn-like 1 Cone 1 STATES OF THE U.S.A. California 40 New York 21 Pennsylvania 20 Florida 16 Arkansas 15 Colorado 15 Ohio 14 Washington 13 Michigan 13 North Carolina 12 Tennessee 12 Oregon 12 Texas 11 Indiana 11 New Jersey 11 Missouri 10 Arizona 10 Oklahoma 9 South Carolina 8 Connecticut 8 Illinois 7 Utah 6 Minnesota 6 Alabama 5 Georgia 5 Louisiana 5 Maine 5 Maryland 5 West Virginia 5 New Mexico 5 Wisconsin 5 Idaho 4 Virginia 4 Massachusetts 4 South Dakota 4 Kentucky 3 Nevada 3 Kansas 3 Mississippi 3 Alaska 2 Iowa 2 District of Columbia 1 Montana 1 North Dakota 1 Hawaii 1 Nebraska 1 New Hampshire 1 Wyoming 1 DISTANCE < 100 ft 70 101-500 ft 61 501 ft - 1 Mile 74 Over 1 Mile 86 Unknown 78 NO VALUE 24 ERT Most impressively there were 15 Landings, Hovering, or Takeoffs reported, and 33 Entities observed.

{ MUFON Mutual UFO Network }

08-09-2025 om 22:28 geschreven door peter  

MUFON CMS Statistics for 2025: The First Seven Months

by Rob Swiatek

Generally, statistics speak best for themselves when seen in graphs, so herewith I’m presenting graphically two select categories of UFO numbers for 2025. We’re more than halfway through 2025, and inquiring minds need to know what’s happening in the skies. Has the phenomenon markedly diminished? Or does it continue apace, as it has for at least the last 78 years? Well, no suspense as to the latter: The phenomenon continues to be seen and to mystify.

The stats collected by MUFON are amenable to illustrating any of several trends. For example, one could compile the number of U.S. unknowns for each day of the week for a certain time period or note how specific UFO shapes vary per day or month over a year. For this article, however, and as I typically do, I’ve chosen to show MUFON’s incoming U.S. cases and unknowns for the first seven months of 2025. Basic as it is, this remains an important graph, in my opinion. And then I went a bit outside the box: the two pie charts that follow illustrate how a subset of the 24 shapes (which include the category “Other”) set forth in CMS vary between U.S. and non-U.S. cases

Unusual for a Winter month, January, with its cold weather and short daylight periods, is currently the high-water month for 2025 sightings—both incoming and unknown. Happily gone, one will note, are the three dispiriting months of 2024 when the CMS was shut down, resulting in the loss of hundreds of sightings that were never reported. Still, despite the robust number of 2025 cases, MUFON was outdone by the National UFO Reporting Center, which had 2,565 events—U.S. and international—versus MUFON’s 1,959 (U.S. and international) for the same time span and tabulation date. The difference is 606 events. (NUFORC sighting totals acquired from the nuforc.org website.

Turning to the pie charts, it’s an understatement to note the MUFON international total of UFO events is dominated by the U.S. numbers. For example, as of 31 August 2025, the CMS had 13 reports from India, the most populous country in the world at 1.45 billion, for the period 1 January 2025 through 31 July 2025; the corresponding number for China—with a population of 1.41 billion—is zero. Not one has yet come in! Nevertheless, with that understatement in mind, it’s almost eerie how cylindrical unknown UFOs are 8% of both U.S. and non-U.S. cases and star-like unknowns hover around 6.8%. Sometimes the statistics of UFOs can evince the phenomenon’s anomalous nature as much as an unknown trace sample held in the hand

The unknown percentages for discoidal and spherical objects are also close, considering that both spheres and discs are sometimes reported as circular UFOs, which occupy a separate slice of the chart. Combined, the latter three shape categories account for 42.4% and 56.3%, respectively, of the U.S. and non-U.S. unknowns.

I was a bit surprised the non-U.S. slate of unknowns didn’t include a single square or rectangular UFO, a category normally boasting a small, yet persistent number of U.S. entrants year after year. But the 3.2% of U.S. square/rectangular cases reflects only eight cases out of 250 unknowns, however, so they’re not common sights by any means. On the other hand, use of the trademark “Tic Tac” to refer to UFOs having the peculiar shape of the iconic mint seems to be confined to the U.S., thanks to David Fravor’s use of this term to describe the object he saw in 2004 over the Paci‹ c. Since 2017, when his case received nationwide publicity, U.S. witnesses routinely pronounce stubby-cylindrical or tablet-shaped UFOs as tic tacs. In the world outside the U.S., however, they’re still cylinders.

{ MUFON Mutual UFO Network }

08-09-2025 om 22:19 geschreven door peter  

Oumuamua comet, interstellar object passing through the Solar System, unusual shaped asteroid

(3d space rendering) | Shutterstock

On October 19 2017, Robert Weryk, a Canadian astronomer working at the University of Hawaii, discovered the first-ever known interstellar object in our solar system. If that sounds a bit strange, what with all the relatively regular sightings of asteroids and comets popping up in the news, it’s important to understand the significance of the phrase ‘in our solar system’.

Unlike previous interstellar objects, ‘Oumuamua which means ‘a message from afar arriving first’ in Hawaiian) had entered the zone controlled by the sun’s gravity. What’s potentially more alarming is that ‘Oumuamua had come closer to Earth than any other known interstellar object, and we still don't know much about it.

So what do we know? 'Oumuamua, a shining object that measured approximately 400-800 metres in length, entered our Solar System travelling 57,000 miles per hour (that's 16 miles per second). It sped straight down towards the Sun but curled underneath due to the star's gravitational pull. This sent the object off on a new trajectory, which was once again altered slightly as it passed Mercury. At its closest point, 'Oumuamua was 15 million miles away from the Earth, which may seem like a lot, but can be classed as a near-miss in the grand scheme of things. The whole process lasted forty days.

But no-one knows what 'Oumuamua really was. An asteroid comprised of metal and rocks, a comet made up of rocks, dust and ice, or a spinning, intensely bright, cigar-shaped (or 'prolate ellipsoid' to give it the technical description) alien probe?

The popular conclusion that ‘Oumuamua was most probably a cosmic iceberg, a mass of frozen hydrogen, is based upon observed findings that ‘Oumuamua couldn’t have contained any water, carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide, as found in asteroids and comets, because they would have been visible phenomena.

Perhaps more contentiously, astronomers also discovered that the object was accelerating as it left the solar system, yet it had no antitail as one might expect to find on a comet. The theory was that tails on comets and asteroids (though less common) act like rocket engines, but a frozen lump of hydrogen could have rocket-engine like propulsion, while the tail remained invisible from the gaze of the telescope.

Based on this, the general conclusion is that ‘Oumuamua was a highly luminescent, half-billion old chunk of planet from outside the Solar System., However, the theory is in a perpetual case of dispute. There are also a growing number of high-profile voices, such as Harvard astrophysicist Professor Avi Loeb, that claim ‘Oumuamua might have been an alien spacecraft from the far reaches of space.

His theory that ‘Oumuamua was a fully operational probe sent intentionally to the Earth’s vicinity by an alien civilization, was based on exactly the same observations that deemed it a cosmic iceberg.

In the series finale of Craig Charles: UFO Conspiracies, Craig Charles and astrophysicist Sarah Cruddas investigate ‘Oumuamua in an attempt to get one step closer to the answer. They speak to Professor Loeb who warns that the object could be a ‘message in a bottle telling us we’re not alone’. Sarah and Craig also speak with members of the SETI Institute who offer their hypotheses about the event and ponder the existence of intelligent life outside of Earth.

Is Oumuamua an alien probe sent from another galaxy, as Professor Loeb believes or a cosmic glacier? We’ll probably never know for sure, but let's leave you with this: the Drake Formula. Formulated in 1961 by Dr Frank Drake, this provides the formula for a probabilistic argument to estimate the number of communicative extraterrestrial civilizations in our galaxy. The answer is 12,600, and that’s just in the Milky Way. The Hubble Telescope has revealed an estimated 100 billion galaxies in the universe and the James Webb Telescope will probably double that…

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{ https://www.history.co.uk/articles }

08-09-2025 om 22:09 geschreven door peter  

Two Sides of History: Are UFOs really as extraordinary as they seem?

In the new Sky HISTORY series Two Sides of History, believer Jonathan Davies and sceptic Deborah Hyde debate UFOs.

Image: Believer Jonathan Davies and sceptic Deborah Hyde debate UFOs | Two Sides of History

In recent decades, the UK and US have released intelligence reports acknowledging the existence of UFOs. Such revelations are not surprising to MUFOG.co.uk founder Jonathan Davies, who attests to seeing UFOs landing near his homes.

Deborah, a former editor of The Skeptic magazine, is more cautious. While not denying UFOs’ existence, she suggests they could be attributed to 'atmospheric junk' like balloons and satellites, or 'lights or interference from the ground'.

What do UFO sightings really tell us? Do they say more about the wider universe or instead simply humans’ overeager willingness to believe? In Sky HISTORY’s Two Sides of History, Jonathan and Deborah present contrasting views.

Is a new tech ‘arms race’ underway?

In a Sky HISTORY survey, about 47% of respondents expressed their belief that Earth had been visited by aliens. Nonetheless, Jonathan doesn’t jump to the conclusion that UFOs are necessarily extraterrestrial spacecraft.

He posits that many of these UFOs are craft incorporating advanced technologies not yet known to the public. 'There’s currently a race going on between the West and Russia and China to develop these technologies.'

However, Deborah isn’t convinced when Jonathan implies that they include time travel. 'You are aware, I’m sure, that our present understanding of physics is that time travel isn’t possible. So that would be a quantum leap ahead of what we generally know.'

The 2004 ‘Tic Tac’ UFO incident

In November 2004, US Naval aviators had been undertaking training exercises off the Californian coast when they were alerted to the presence of nearby UFOs.

Upon closer inspection, an oblong UFO appeared to be moving erratically above the Pacific Ocean. The UFO’s performance characteristics are said to have far exceeded the capabilities of human-made aviation technology from both then and now.

One of the fighter pilots even captured footage of the ‘Tic Tac’ UFO — so-called due to its similar shape to a breath mint. This video has since been released to the public, and Jonathan sees it as evidence of futuristic aliens.

Has Mick West refuted the ‘alien craft’ theory?

Sceptical investigator Mick West has his own take on the ‘Tic Tac’ footage — and as far as he’s concerned, no aliens are involved. Deborah brings up West’s explanation that the UFO had actually 'been a similar naval plane from a good distance away, probably 30 miles'.

The Tic Tac seemingly lacked obvious protrusions of a human-made aircraft, such as wings. However, Deborah relays West’s view that, on radar, 'the heat haze had sort of taken the rough edges off the shape.'

'I prefer to believe the actual US Navy that came out with the report on the Tic Tac,' Jonathan replies. 'Mick West develops video games, I believe — he’s not really an expert.'

The US Navy, on the other hand, 'even said themselves that there were objects under the water as well as above the water. The Tic Tac moved at 70,000 miles an hour. It was tracked. There were three different pilots that saw it, and they’ve all given testimonies.'

Could UFO sightings be a trick of the light?

Deborah is thinking along these lines. She opines that 'there’s likely to be a psychological and neurological and sociocultural reason for all of these things.'

Deborah wonders if people who encounter UFOs 'have a cluster of specific neurological traits that predisposes them to it.' She believes that sleep paralysis could help to explain Jonathan’s own experiences.

'I’ve heard interviews with you where you describe sleep paralysis to a tee. If you didn’t know the neurological basis, you would totally buy into what you saw in front of you. I’d like to emphasise that none of this stuff means you’re weird.'

Some surprising common ground emerges

As the debate goes on, there’s a surprising amount of overlap between Jonathan’s and Deborah’s opinions.

According to Jonathan, studies indicate that between 5% and 8% of sighted UFOs are 'anomalous', while 'everything else can be identified.'

He acknowledges endeavouring to consult 'the people that are rational, are credible, that are not looking for any type of publicity.' He tries to 'avoid people that say they know. Nobody knows at this point.'

Deborah observes: 'I think we probably agree on quite a lot. We know that there’s unidentified aerial phenomena. I think we would agree there’s stuff that we don’t understand yet, we’d just disagree on how certain we were on what it was.'

{ https://www.history.co.uk/articles }

08-09-2025 om 21:44 geschreven door peter  

Scientific objectivity is a myth — here's why

People are at the heart of the scientific enterprise.  

(Image credit: Matteo Farinella, CC BY-NC)

Even if you don't recall many facts from high school biology, you likely remember the cells required for making babies: egg and sperm. Maybe you can picture a swarm of sperm cells battling each other in a race to be the first to penetrate the egg.

For decades, scientific literature described human conception this way, with the cells mirroring the perceived roles of women and men in society. The egg was thought to be passive while the sperm was active.

Over time, scientists realized that sperm are too weak to penetrate the egg and that the union is more mutual, with the two cells working together. It's no coincidence that these findings were made in the same era when new cultural ideas of more egalitarian gender roles were taking hold.

Scientist Ludwik Fleck is credited with first describing science as a cultural practice in the 1930s. Since then, understanding has continued to build that scientific knowledge is always consistent with the cultural norms of its time.

Despite these insights, across political differences, people strive for and continue to demand scientific objectivity: the idea that science should be unbiased, rational and separable from cultural values and beliefs.

When I entered my Ph.D. program in neuroscience in 2001, I felt the same way. But reading a book by biologist Anne Fausto-Sterling called "Sexing the Body" set me down a different path. It systematically debunked the idea of scientific objectivity, showing how cultural ideas about sex, gender and sexuality were inseparable from the scientific findings. By the time I earned my Ph.D., I began to look more holistically at my research, integrating the social, historical and political context.

From the questions scientists begin with, to the beliefs of the people who conduct the research, to choices in research design, to interpretation of the final results, cultural ideas constantly inform "the science." What if an unbiased science is impossible?

Emergence of idea of scientific objectivity

Science grew to be synonymous with objectivity in the Western university system only over the past few hundred years.

In the 15th and 16th centuries, some Europeans gained traction in challenging the religiously ordained royal order. Consolidation of the university system led to shifts from trust in religious leaders interpreting the word of "god," to trust in "man" making one's own rational decisions, to trust in scientists interpreting "nature." The university system became an important site for legitimizing claims through theories and studies.

Previously, people created knowledge about their world, but there were not strict boundaries between what are now called the humanities, such as history, English and philosophy, and the sciences, including biology, chemistry and physics. Over time, as questions arose about how to trust political decisions, people split the disciplines into categories: subjective versus objective. The splitting came with the creation of other binary oppositions, including the closely related emotionality/rationality divide. These categories were not simply seen as opposite, but in a hierarchy with objectivity and rationality as superior.

A closer look shows that these binary systems are arbitrary and self-reinforcing.

Science is a human endeavor

The sciences are fields of study conducted by humans. These people, called scientists, are part of cultural systems just like everyone else. We scientists are part of families and have political viewpoints. We watch the same movies and TV shows and listen to the same music as nonscientists. We read the same newspapers, cheer for the same sports teams and enjoy the same hobbies as others.

All of these obviously "cultural" parts of our lives are going to affect how scientists approach our jobs and what we consider "common sense" that does not get questioned when we do our experiments.

Beyond individual scientists, the kinds of studies that get conducted are based on what questions are deemed relevant or not by dominant societal norms.

For example, in my Ph.D. work in neuroscience, I saw how different assumptions about hierarchy could influence specific experiments and even the entire field. Neuroscience focuses on what is called the central nervous system. The name itself describes a hierarchical model, with one part of the body "in charge" of the rest. Even within the central nervous system, there was a conceptual hierarchy with the brain controlling the spinal cord.

My research looked more at what happened peripherally in muscles, but the predominant model had the brain at the top. The taken-for-granted idea that a system needs a boss mirrors cultural assumptions. But I realized we could have analyzed the system differently and asked different questions. Instead of the brain being at the top, a different model could focus on how the entire system communicates and works together at coordination.

Every experiment also has assumptions baked in — things that are taken for granted, including definitions. Scientific experiments can become self-fulfilling prophecies.

For example, billions of dollars have been spent on trying to delineate sex differences. However, the definition of male and female is almost never stated in these research papers. At the same time, evidence mounts that these binary categories are a modern invention not based on clear physical differences.

Related: 

• Is there really a difference between male and female brains? Emerging science is revealing the answer.

But the categories are tested so many times that eventually some differences are discovered without putting these results into a statistical model together. Oftentimes, so-called negative findings that don't identify a significant difference are not even reported. Sometimes, meta-analyses based on multiple studies that investigated the same question reveal these statistical errors, as in the search for sex-related brain differences. Similar patterns of slippery definitions that end up reinforcing taken-for-granted assumptions happen with race, sexuality and other socially created categories of difference.

Finally, the end results of experiments can be interpreted in many different ways, adding another point where cultural values are injected into the final scientific conclusions.

Settling on science when there's no objectivity

Vaccines. Abortion. Climate change. Sex categories. Science is at the center of most of today's hottest political debates. While there is much disagreement, the desire to separate politics and science seems to be shared. On both sides of the political divide, there are accusations that the other side's scientists cannot be trusted because of political bias.

Consider the recent controversy over the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's vaccine advisory panel. Secretary of Health and Human Services Robert F. Kennedy Jr. fired all members of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, saying they were biased, while some Democratic lawmakers argued back that his move put in place those who would be biased in pushing his vaccine-skeptical agenda.

If removing all bias is impossible, then, how do people create knowledge that can be trusted?

The understanding that all knowledge is created through cultural processes does allow for two or more differing truths to coexist. You see this reality in action around many of today's most controversial subjects. However, this does not mean you must believe all truths equally — that's called total cultural relativism. This perspective ignores the need for people to come to decisions together about truth and reality.

Instead, critical scholars offer democratic processes for people to determine which values are important and for what purposes knowledge should be developed. For example, some of my work has focused on expanding a 1970s Dutch model of the science shop, where community groups come to university settings to share their concerns and needs to help determine research agendas. Other researchers have documented other collaborative practices between scientists and marginalized communities or policy changes, including processes for more interdisciplinary or democratic input, or both.

I argue a more accurate view of science is that pure objectivity is impossible. Once you leave the myth of objectivity behind, though, the way forward is not simple. Instead of a belief in an all-knowing science, we are faced with the reality that humans are responsible for what is researched, how it is researched and what conclusions are drawn from such research.

With this knowledge, we have the opportunity to intentionally set societal values that inform scientific investigations. This requires decisions about how people come to agreements about these values. These agreements need not always be universal but instead can be dependent on the context of who and what a given study might affect. While not simple, using these insights, gained over decades of studying science from both within and outside, may force a more honest conversation between political positions.

• This edited article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

According to Zubrin, we do not have enough data to claim that there are insufficient carbon dioxide deposits on Mars. Until now, experts have relied on data from the MAVEN satellite and several Mars rovers, which have only penetrated a few centimeters into the Martian soil. There may be more deposits of volatile substances deeper underground. Further research involves drilling several hundred meters deep in various locations on the planet.

Asteroid bombardments

Another way to raise the temperature is to direct small asteroids or comets toward the surface of Mars. For decades, humanity has been developing programs to track potentially hazardous objects and creating systems to protect Earth from collisions. Therefore, one or more of these methods could be used to arrange for such objects to collide with Mars. The energy from the crash would then serve as a source of heat.

Asteroids can be selected based on their “usefulness” – for example, based on their ammonia content, which, when released into the Martian atmosphere, will further enhance the greenhouse effect, or based on the presence of water, which will turn into water vapor.

However, NASA believes that thousands of such asteroids will be needed, and there is currently no ready-made technology for their targeted transportation to Mars.

The hardest part is still ahead

There are other methods of bringing conditions on Mars closer to those on Earth by importing ammonia, hydrogen, or bacteria capable of living and serving as a nutrient substrate for plants in Martian regolith. However, scientists believe that instead of fighting the consequences, we should look at the root of the problem. More precisely, at the core. After all, any attempts to create an atmosphere on the Red Planet will be futile without a magnetosphere to hold it in place. A terraformed Mars will need a reinforced magnetosphere, similar to the one that protects Earth from the flow of charged particles from the Sun.

It is believed that about 4 billion years ago, Mars lost its magnetic field due to the cessation of core rotation. Without a magnetosphere to serve as a shield, solar winds began to bombard and destroy the atmosphere. Leading NASA scientist James Green, who has worked at the agency for 40 years, proposes creating a huge magnetic shield to prevent our star from destroying the future Martian atmosphere. As a result, the planet will be able to retain heat near the surface, pressure will increase, and the climate will improve and become suitable for life. According to the scientist, this method will entail the least amount of interference and destruction, and then Mars will begin to terraform on its own. However, he does not provide estimates of the cost of the project, the necessary technological capabilities, or the time required for such long-term processes.

Ethical issues and the benefits of concepts and research for the Earth

Although humanity is still quite far from realizing its plans to terraform Mars, we must nevertheless consider the ethical and appropriateness of such projects. Similar to protected wilderness areas on Earth, Mars has extreme, historically important, and aesthetically valuable regions. Any interference with the planet’s natural development will lead to irreversible changes. Mars will forever lose its unique historical and research value for future generations.

Another problem with terraforming Mars is the high cost of such missions. And if, say, humanity had such resources, wouldn’t it be more expedient to use them for the benefit of Earth? Scientists around the world are already sounding the alarm about climate change, the destruction of fertile land, the depletion of fresh water and mineral resources, and the lack of preparedness for possible epidemics.

We should not forget the history of colonization, which has always been accompanied by tragedy. Even today, destructive wars continue over territory, resources, religious beliefs, and so on. So, have we reached the point of moral development where we can become wise guests in the Universe, rather than destructive invaders?

We will have to find answers to these and other questions in the future. However, similar research, such as improving soil quality or developing protection against asteroids, can also be used on our planet. Like many other technologies that are part of our everyday life, thanks to space developments. And in the event of an inevitable catastrophe, Mars would become “plan B” for the salvation of the human race.

• Author: Anastasiia Bernatska, journalist
• This article was published in issue No. 1 (190) of Universe Space Tech magazine in 2024. You can purchase this issue in print or electronic format from our store.

• Posted in Articles, Questions

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{ https://universemagazine.com/en/articles-en/ }

08-09-2025 om 20:53 geschreven door peter  

In a world limited to three dimensions, imagining a fourth is incredibly difficult, especially for an unprepared reader. But one genius scientist found a way to show people the hidden world using an ordinary apple. 

As it happens, the human mind is attuned to perceiving only three dimensions: height, width, and depth. Representing the fourth dimension seems like an impossible task, because our brains are limited by the physical world around us. But what if there is a dimension that we simply cannot see? Legendary science popularizer Carl Sagan comes to the rescue.

Known for his research into space, Sagan possessed a unique gift — the ability to explain complex scientific theories through simple stories and vivid analogies. He could turn the most complex concept into a fascinating adventure for the mind.

In search of the fourth dimension

Time is often referred to as the fourth dimension. This is logical: to determine the position of an object in the Universe, you need three coordinates in space and one in time. But there is another, more theoretical concept — a space where all four dimensions are spatial. It is precisely this concept that is so difficult to understand.

Sagan begins his explanation with a simple analogy. He invites us to imagine a two-dimensional world — a Flat World whose inhabitants have no concept of “up” or “down.” When a three-dimensional object, such as an apple, passes through this flat world, its inhabitants see only a strange phenomenon.

They do not see the apple as a whole. They only observe the point of contact that appears when the apple crosses their world. When an object moves, this point may change shape, split into several parts, or disappear. For a resident of the Flat World, this is an incomprehensible phenomenon, a set of changing forms that cannot be explained in his/her world.

From apple to hypercube

The same logic, Sagan notes, applies to us when we try to imagine the fourth dimension. We are like those inhabitants of the Flat World. Our minds cannot comprehend anything beyond our three dimensions. But we can see its “imprint” in our world.

To demonstrate this, the scientist uses a tesseract — a four-dimensional hypercube. We cannot see a real tesseract, but we can observe its three-dimensional projection, just as the inhabitants of Flat world saw only a two-dimensional trace of an apple. This projection looks like a complex cube, as if nested within itself. It is only a shadow, an attempt by our brain to reproduce something much more complex.

Truth beyond reach

Sagan’s work is not just an interesting scientific trick. Studying measurements that lie beyond our immediate experience is key to understanding the fundamental laws of the Universe. Many phenomena in physics, such as black holes or the curvature of space-time, cannot be adequately described in only three dimensions.

Carl Sagan not only dispelled the myth that complex concepts are inaccessible. He showed that the best way to understand something is through clear explanations, vivid metaphors, and engaging stories. His lesson on the fourth dimension remains a brilliant example of how to talk about the most complex things in a simple way.

Earlier, we reported on how Carl Sagan was responsible for the most famous photograph of Earth from space.

• According to upworthy.com

• Posted in News, Science

{ https://universemagazine.com/en/articles-en/ }

08-09-2025 om 20:33 geschreven door peter  

NASA’s Perseverance rover continues to delight Earthlings with unique images from the surface of the Red Planet. At the end of August, its cameras captured an unusual rock formation resembling a turtle sticking its head out from under its shell. This bizarre discovery quickly found fans among space enthusiasts around the world.

A highly detailed photograph of the “Martian turtle” was obtained using the SHERLOC instrument mounted on the rover’s robotic arm. This device, designed to search for signs of ancient life, in this case recorded something even more fantastic. However, this is far from the first time that Martian rocks have reminded us of familiar objects.

Earlier in August, another camera, Mastcam-Z, captured an image of a pointed rock resembling an ancient conquistador’s helmet. And in the autumn, the Mars rover discovered a formation with spherical intersperses, which was unofficially named “St. Paul’s Bay.” Scientists note that all these amazing shapes are the result of purely natural geological processes.

Erosion, wind exposure, and slow changes over millions of years have shaped the modern Martian landscape. Each such rock, regardless of what it looks like, is an important piece of the puzzle for scientists. Studying it helps to reconstruct the ecological history of the Jezero crater and determine whether conditions suitable for life once existed on Mars.

The process by which we see familiar images in abstract forms is called pareidolia. This is a psychological phenomenon where our brain automatically fills in reality by finding familiar patterns, faces, or figures in it. This is how we recognize animals in the shape of clouds or patterns in wood. Mars, with its desert landscapes, is the perfect playground for this mind game.

The Perseverance mission has been going on for more than three Earth years, and during that time, the rover has traveled more than 37 km. The “turtle” was spotted on the 1610th Martian day (sol) of the mission, proving once again that even in uninhabited worlds, we seek and find something familiar and understandable.

Earlier, we reported on how Perseverance spotted a rock on Mars shaped like a sleeping cat.

• According to chron.com

• Posted in News, Science

{ https://universemagazine.com/en/articles-en/ }

08-09-2025 om 20:22 geschreven door peter  

The Vatican & UFO Disclosure: Will Pope Leo XIV Open the Secret Archives?

The Pope, the Vatican & UFO Disclosure: Faith Meets the Unknown

For centuries, the Vatican has stood as one of the most secretive and influential institutions in the world. Beyond its spiritual authority over 1.4 billion Catholics, it is also home to vast archives and scientific endeavors that touch on one of humanity’s most profound mysteries: the possibility of extraterrestrial life. Recent discussions in the media, testimony before the U.S. Congress, and statements from whistleblowers have placed the Vatican at the center of the UFO disclosure debate.

A New Pope and Old Questions

When Cardinal Robert Post was elected as Pope Leo XIV, observers quickly drew attention to his chosen name. His predecessor in that name, Pope Leo XIII, not only championed social justice but also established the Vatican Observatory in the late 19th century. This act cemented the Church’s formal engagement with astronomy and opened the door for centuries of collaboration between Vatican scientists and global research institutions.

The observatory, still active today with facilities in both Italy and Arizona, symbolizes the Church’s dual role in faith and science. Yet with the new pope’s reputation for openness to scientific inquiry, some speculate that he may be the one to lift the veil on the Vatican’s rumored knowledge of UFOs.

Whistleblowers and Allegations of a Vatican Connection

In 2023, former U.S. intelligence officer David Grusch testified before Congress that the Vatican had been involved in UFO secrecy for decades. According to Grusch, the Catholic Church played a role in backchanneling information during the 1930s, when Benito Mussolini’s regime allegedly recovered a mysterious craft in Magenta, Italy. Grusch claimed that Pope Pius XII informed the United States of the incident, leading to American possession of the object after World War II.

While Vatican officials dismissed these claims with humor, the allegation sparked global curiosity. Could the Vatican’s secret archives, said to stretch over 50 miles of shelving and now undergoing digitization, contain records of extraterrestrial encounters?

Historical Engagement with the UFO Question

The Vatican has not always remained silent on the issue. In 2009, the head of the Vatican Observatory at the time, Father José Gabriel Funes, publicly stated that the existence of extraterrestrial life does not contradict Catholic theology. “Just as there is a multitude of creatures on Earth, there could be other beings, even intelligent ones, created by God,” he explained.

This sentiment was echoed in Vatican-sponsored conferences on astrobiology and the philosophy of science. The Church has sought to balance its centuries-old teachings with modern discoveries, showing openness to the possibility that life beyond Earth is compatible with faith.

Faith, Secrecy, and Global Disclosure

Why, then, would the Vatican withhold information if it exists? Some experts argue that revelations about extraterrestrial life could disrupt religious belief systems, challenging traditional interpretations of creation and humanity’s place in the universe. Others suggest that secrecy may be more political than theological, tied to international relations and cooperation with intelligence agencies during the 20th century.

Journalist Ross Coulthart notes that the Vatican has historically collaborated with intelligence services, including the CIA, during and after World War II. If true, such connections could explain why alleged knowledge of UFOs has remained carefully guarded.

The Road Ahead

The question remains: will Pope Leo XIV become the so-called “Disclosure Pope”? Advocates like attorney Daniel Sheehan, who once sought Vatican files on behalf of President Carter, believe that this pope’s interest in merging science and theology makes him uniquely positioned to open the archives.

At the same time, disclosure is not simply a matter of papal decree. Just as governments weigh national security concerns, the Vatican must navigate theological, political, and cultural implications before acknowledging anything extraordinary.

What is clear is that we are entering a new era of dialogue between science, religion, and the mysteries of the cosmos. Whether or not the Vatican possesses hidden UFO files, its role in shaping humanity’s response to potential extraterrestrial contact will be pivotal. The world now watches to see if faith and secrecy will give way to openness and revelation.

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08-09-2025 om 18:49 geschreven door peter  

07-09-2025 om 23:06 geschreven door peter  

Reptielenmensen, een bizarre complottheorie

©The Daily Digest

Het 'complot van de reptielenmensen'
Legio mensen over de hele wereld geloven dat er een ras van reptielen bestaat met het vermogen om mensen te worden. Deze reptielenmensen zouden geïnfiltreerd zijn onder gewone mensen, zeggen complotdenkers als David Icke. Ook FVD-politicus Thierry Baudet zei erin te geloven.

©The Daily Digest

Een grap of een gevaar?
Het klinkt misschien als een grap, maar er zijn mensen die deze zaak heel serieus nemen. En dat baart niet alleen de volgers van deze theorie zorgen. De Nederlandse regering ontzegde David Icke onlangs de toegang tot het land omdat zijn complottheorie gevaarlijk en anti-Semitisch zou zijn. Hoe zit dat?

©The Daily Digest

Foto: Albert Antony / Unsplash

De oorsprong van reptielen
We beginnen bij het begin: de oorsprong van de theorie over de reptielenmensen. Deze komt voort uit een discussie over de oorsprong van reptielen zelf. Sommige mensen denken dat ze de evolutie van een voormenselijk ras zijn, terwijl anderen geloven dat ze uit de ruimte komen.

©The Daily Digest

Komen ze van de ster Alpha Draconis?
Een van de meest ondersteunde theorieën door gelovigen in 'reptilianen' is degene die stelt dat ze afkomstig zijn van de ster Alpha Draconis, die zich in het sterrenbeeld Draak bevindt.

©The Daily Digest

Of zijn het dinosauriërs die niet zijn uitgestorven?
Anderen denken dat de reptilianen geëvolueerd zouden kunnen zijn van een dinosaurussoort die nooit echt is uitgestorven. Deze mensen bouwen (losjes) op de ideeën van Carl Sagan (foto) in het boek 'De Draken uit het Paradijs' ('The Dragons of Eden'). Hij won in 1978 de Pulitzer Prize voor dat boek.

©The Daily Digest

Gesis van mensen net als van reptielen
"Is het louter toeval dat de klanknabootsing die de mens uitzendt om stilte te vragen of de aandacht te trekken een griezelige gelijkenis vertoont met het gesis van reptielen?" vroeg Sagan zich af. De aanhangers van het reptielengeloof denken dat de wetenschapper met dit soort zinnen hun gelijk bewijst.

©The Daily Digest

Ze bevinden zich onder ons
Ondanks het feit dat er geen enkel bewijs is voor hun bestaan, schrijven de complotdenkers aan reptilianen een aantal bovenmenselijke krachten toe. Zo zouden ze zich van uiterlijk kunnen veranderen, allerlei camouflages aan kunnen nemen en zich kunnen verbergen tussen beroemdheden, royals en religieuze leiders.

©The Daily Digest

David Icke, de ideoloog
Het was David Icke, een voormalige Britse voetballer (voormalige Hereford United-doelman). die als schrijver in 1999 zijn theorie over de reptielenmens uit de doeken deed in zijn werk 'The Biggest Secret' ('Het grootste geheim').

©The Daily Digest

Reptielen maken stiekem de dienst uit
Hij twijfelt er niet aan dat reptielenmensen onder ons zijn en dat ze deel uitmaken van de elite die de wereld regeert. Zijn uitspraken hebben ervoor gezorgd dat Icke een gemeenschap van gelovigen om zich heen heeft verzameld, en ook een aardig fortuin.

©The Daily Digest

Wat zegt Icke over reptielenmensen?
Icke beweert dat de reptilianen onder ons leven met als doel om mensen tot slaaf te maken en de mensheid te onderwerpen. Dat klinkt ongelofelijk, belachelijk en daardoor onschuldig, maar volgens Professor Bart Wallet van de Universiteit van Amsterdam heeft die theorie veel overeenkomsten met anti-semitische denkwijzen.

©The Daily Digest

Afbeelding: Duitse propaganda uit de jaren dertig, via het Philadelphia Holocaust Memorial

Ook Joden soms als hagedissen gezien
Wallet, professor in de Joodse studies, legde op Radio 1 uit dat de samenzweringstheorie van Icke "antisemitische gedachten en uitingen" bevat. Het idee van de reptielen is volgens hem gebaseerd op "een oud antisemitisch beeld waarbij Joden worden afgebeeld als slangen of hagedissen," aldus Radio 1.

©The Daily Digest

Afbeelding: USC Shoah Foundation Yad Vashem, publiek domein

'Kwaden' die 'controle willen over de wereld'
De reptielentheorie doet denken aan klassieke antisemitische schrijfsels zoals het pamflet op deze foto ('Het Joodse Gevaar,' toegeschreven aan de Rus Mathieu Golovinsky in 1938). In die schrijfsels worden Joden afgebeeld als onmenselijke wezens die gebrand zijn op wereldwijde dominantie. Zij zijn 'de kwaden,' zoals professor Wallet uitlegt, en alle andere mensen zijn 'de goeden.'

©The Daily Digest

Andere (controversiële) uitspraken van David Icke
Hoewel David Icke onschuldige opmerkingen heeft gemaakt, zoals de bewering dat hij de zoon van God zou zijn of dat de maan een kunstmatige constructie is, jagen zijn insinuaties tegen Joden toch veel mensen schrik aan. Volgens de BBC heeft hij onder meer valselijk beweerd dat het coronavirus door 5G-straling was verspreid en dat een Joodse groep daar achter zat.

©The Daily Digest

Het geloof van de Hopi-indianen
Om zijn beweringen te staven, vertrouwt David Icke naar eigen zeggen op een legende die circuleert onder de Hopi-indianen. Zij suggereerden dat er een reeks tunnels in Los Angeles was en dat deze zo'n 5.000 jaar geleden bewoond werd door een ras van hagedissen. In het jaar 1933 zei de mijningenieur G. Warren Shufelt zelfs dat hij de reptielenmensen had gevonden.

©The Daily Digest

Bewijs van het verleden?
Een andere auteur, de Amerikaan Scott Alan Roberts, die veel boeken over deze onderwerpen heeft geschreven, bouwt op mythologie en elementen van klassieke culturen om soortgelijke theorieën te bevestigen.

©The Daily Digest

Atum, Quetzalcotl, Nahash...
Zo is er bijvoorbeeld Atum, de Egyptische slangenmens; Quetzalcotl, de slangengod van de Maya's; Enki/Ea, de dubbele helix-slang uit de oude Sumerische literatuur; en de Bijbelse slang Nahash uit de Hof van Eden.

©The Daily Digest

Regelmatig in popcultuur te zien
De samenzweringstheorie, ongetwijfeld een van de meest wijdverbreide, is onderdeel geworden van de populaire cultuur over de hele wereld.

©The Daily Digest

Zelfs op Netflix
De derde aflevering van de animatieserie 'Inside Job' op Netflix, bijvoorbeeld, laat zien hoe Taylor Swift en wijlen koningin Elizabeth van Engeland midden op een feestje hun reptielachtige aard onthullen.

©The Daily Digest

Koningin Elizabeth als een reptiel
Het is niet verrassend dat de Britse koningin in de animatieserie als voorbeeld werd gebruikt. Ze is door complotdenkers altijd verdacht een reptiel te zijn.

©The Daily Digest

Andere beroemde, zogenaamde reptielenmensen
Ook Amerikaanse presidenten zoals Donald Trump en Barack Obama hebben altijd op de lijst van de zogenaamde reptielenmensen gestaan. Hetzelfde geldt voor Justin Bieber, over wie de Australische media in 2017 meldden dat hij midden op een vliegveld in een reptiel was veranderd...

©The Daily Digest

Mark Zuckerberg, ook verdacht
Je hoeft maar succesvol te zijn of macht te hebben en je wordt al verdacht een reptielenmens te zijn. Neem bijvoorbeeld Mark Zuckerberg, wiens gebaren en blikken door complotdenkers zijn geanalyseerd. Ze suggereren dat er iets onmenselijks is aan zijn manier van doen. De filmpjes en foto's die ze gebruiken om hun argument kracht bij te zetten zijn vaak bewerkt en nep.

©The Daily Digest

Maar het is niet zomaar een curieuze 'hobby'
Hoewel het lachwekkend lijkt en materiaal zou kunnen zijn voor een goede science-fictionserie, is er helaas meer aan de hand met de reptielenmensentheorie.

©Aangeboden door The Daily Digest

Echte gevolgen
Het feit dat invloedrijke sprekers als David Icke de theorie inzetten om te suggereren dat er een complot wordt gesmeed door 'de kwaden' in de samenleving, waarbij ze eveneens suggereren dat Joodse elites de samenleving willen ontwrichten, kan ertoe leiden dat zijn volgers zich met geweld tegen die elites keren.

©The Daily Digest

Icke mag Nederland niet meer in
David Icke zou in november 2022 een toespraak geven op de Samen voor Nederland-demonstratie tegen het Covid-19-regeringsbeleid. Nadat de gemeente Amsterdam en justitie al hadden verzocht om hem af te zeggen wegens zijn "antisemitische en beledigende opmerkingen," besloot de Nederlandse regering uiteindelijk om de complotdenker uit het land te weren.

©The Daily Digest

Ban van twee jaar
David Icke mocht twee jaar lang Nederland niet inreizen, omdat zijn aanwezigheid in het land "spanningen tussen verschillende groepen [zou] veroorzaken en de publieke orde verstoren," aldus een brief geciteerd door de BBC. Aangezien Nederland met alle Schengenlanden verbonden is, kan Icke ook in al die andere landen niet terecht, aldus de BBC.

©Aangeboden door The Daily Digest

Ook Baudet zei erin te geloven
Maar ook binnen Nederland geloven invloedrijke personen in deze complottheorie. Thierry Baudet haalde hem eerder in 2022 aan in een video op sociale media. Later relativeerde hij zijn verhaal met de opmerking dat hij 'reptielen' figuurlijk bedoelde en dat hij eigenlijk eerder bepaalde groepen mensen in gedachte had.

©Aangeboden door The Daily Digest

Een samenzwering van globalisten, zei Baudet
Zijn verhaal was een "metafoor" voor "een samenzwering achter de schermen van globalisten, geheime diensten, psychopaten, waardoor de democratie en de vrijheid verdwijnt," twitterde het tweede kamerlid. Maar dat maakt het natuurlijk niet veel beter.

©Aangeboden door The Daily Digest

Gevaarlijke woorden
Buiten het feit dat 'globalisten' bekend staat als een codewoord voor 'Joden,' is de complottheorie van Baudet niet op feiten gebaseerd en ook nog eens gevaarlijk omdat hij zo veel volgers heeft. Zij zouden erdoor aangemoedigd kunnen worden om met gewelddadige acties in 'opstand' te komen.

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{ The Daily Digest }

07-09-2025 om 22:10 geschreven door peter  

Surely everyone has heard that reptilians from outer space secretly influence our lives. But from which star did they arrive? How long have humans known about them? And why are they hostile toward us? In this article, we will reveal the whole truth about them.

Secrets of history

Reptilians are aliens from outer space who look like humanoids with green reptilian skin, snake-like eyes, and often forked tongues. They are very skilled at disguising themselves as humans, including famous people, and are plotting a global conspiracy. However, brave fighters for the truth are still exposing them.

You have almost certainly heard something like this at least once in your life. Of course, it is nonsense. However, thousands and millions of people believe it. And so the question immediately arises: is there any truth behind all these stories, and if not, where did they come from in the first place?

It is worth starting with the fact that the image of the reptilian, as we know it, is unknown to any ancient mythology, at least among those that have been well studied. They feature reptilian humans such as the ancient Lamia or the Nāgas of Southeast Asia, but they have nothing in common with anthropoids completely covered in green skin. These are creatures with a human torso and a snake’s body instead of legs.

Therefore, all references to ancient legends that supporters of the theory about them may use are fiction from beginning to end. The Russian writer Helena Blavatsky was the first to write about reptilian humans in the modern sense in the second half of the 19th century. Her work became the basis for practically all pseudoscientists and mystics – from those who worked in the Third Reich to those who are now creating content on this topic on TikTok.

However, the main theme of Blavatsky’s books is a fierce mixture of mysticism and science about the world spirit that guides the development of civilizations through the repetition of cosmic cycles. As a result, the writer developed a theory of changing races on Earth, which arise in turn, reach the peak of development, and then decline.

And in this context, she mentions the previous race of dragon people who once existed on the continent of Lemuria, now submerged in the Indian Ocean. It should be noted that she honestly borrowed the name and concept of this land from contemporary scientists who, in the absence of the theory of lithospheric plate movement, could not explain why lemurs and some other fauna are found in Madagascar and Southeast Asia, but nothing similar exists in much closer Africa.

All this was explained by a piece of land named after lemurs. In science, this theory quickly became marginalized, but Blavatsky was not concerned. Why did she populate Lemuria with reptiles? It is quite possible that the image of dinosaurs, which were actively being discovered at that time and were very fashionable, played a role in this.

It was from her that humanity first learned that dragon people are hostile to ordinary people. The reason for this is that although their continent sank, they do not want to die out and are doing everything they can to harm us, because we are reaching the peak of our power. Blavatsky calls the Jews the descendants of the reptilians from Lemuria.

n other words, the global conspiracy against all of humanity in the reptilian myth appeared earlier than the space theme. And, of course, the key role in its further spread was played by the very assertion that Jews were involved in all this, because anti-Semitism in Europe at that time was much more widespread than knowledge of Eastern mystical practices, which Blavatsky shamelessly distorted.

Reptilians in books and on screen

While Blavatsky’s readers were busy exterminating Jews, the reptilian myth existed somewhere on the periphery of their consciousness. They had much more mundane arguments to justify mass murder.

Meanwhile, the image of the reptilian human has permeated popular culture. The first reptilian was described in 1929 by the “father” of Conan the Destroyer, American writer Robert Howard. However, his creatures are still more in line with ancient traditions: they have human bodies and several snake heads, but, in the spirit of Blavatsky and her modern followers, they can disguise themselves as humans and enter their subconscious.

Later, the image of reptilians as creatures who came to us from space with hostile intentions developed in science fiction. For example, the Gorns from Star Trek and the Kh’harnis from Edmond Hamilton’s Return from the Stars are typical reptilians. The latter can even get inside their victims’ heads. The only thing is that no one associated them with Jews and a global conspiracy. However, it was science fiction that made the image of reptilians world-famous and familiar to millions of people, which, from the very beginning, did not claim to be the truth about who really controls our lives.

David Icke

Meanwhile, in 1940, American occultist Claude Doggins, who wrote under the pseudonym Maurice Doril, independently of science fiction writers, invented the reptilians we are familiar with, with green skin and a single head, like a lizard. His creation, which he claimed to have found under the pyramids of Giza in Egypt, was called “The Emerald Tablets of Thoth the Atlantean”.

In this collection of pseudo-myths, clearly written under the influence of Blavatsky’s The Secret Doctrine, reptilians already travel in “flying saucers” and conspire with the Antichrist. However, initially they were not identified with space, but lived in a giant cavity which, according to Doggins, occupies the entire interior of the Earth, and scientists are hiding this fact. It was only in the 1950s, amid the wave of enthusiasm for flying saucers, that he finally recognized them as extraterrestrials.

It should be noted that none of the authors described above identified reptilians with the Anunnaki, which is common practice today. In the mid-20th century, this was a completely independent esoteric theory developed by Zecharia Sitchin. Unlike reptilians, the Anunnaki were aliens from outer space from the very beginning, but they were not reptilians and were not plotting global conspiracies at that time.

However, the Emerald Tablets would have remained little known if Doggins had not found a talented follower – David Icke. Like all his predecessors, he had (and still has) no connection to science. Before becoming interested in the mysteries of the Universe, he was a soccer player, then a soccer commentator, then a spokesperson for the Green Party (the Greens! Could this be a coincidence? Reptilians also have green skin!).

All this did not prevent him in the early 1990s from combining in his teachings not only the works of Doggins, Sitchin, and Blavatsky, but also the popular fantasy image of the reptilian, The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, and many other conspiracy theories. Perhaps it is this broad coverage of the most popular fictions that explains the success of reptilians as a modern myth.

Reptilians and Astronomy

It is also thanks to Aiku that we can pinpoint not only the place on Earth, but also the place in the sky from which the reptilians came. In his early works, he names the star Alpha Draconis, or Thuban, as their historical homeland.

Here, he seems to be referring to Blavatsky, who also calls reptilians “dragon people”. However, from an astronomical point of view, it is much more important that this is a real celestial body, which 4,500 years ago was indeed closest to the North Pole and is located 303 light-years away from us.

But you won’t find the ancestral home of a race millions of years older than humanity near this star. The thing is, it is actually a system of two white stars orbiting each other every 51 days.

The masses of the components are 3.2 and 2.4 times that of the Sun, and their luminosities are 240 and 48 times that of our star, respectively. Even if there is a planet in the system, life on it simply did not have time to develop, because the age of the system is about 300 million years.

On the other hand, David Icke later increasingly referred to the planet Nibiru as the homeland of the reptilians, which modern astronomers cannot find, but which, in his opinion, was well known to ancient civilizations.

You can read more about Nibiru in this article. Suffice it to say that Icke, following Sitchin, repeats that this celestial body has a perihelion between Mars and Jupiter and an orbital period of 3,600 years.

If such a celestial body really existed in the Solar System and was to pass its perihelion within the next 50 years, it would already be only a few dozen astronomical units away from the Sun, and astronomers would have discovered it long ago – it would be impossible to hide such a thing.

In general, it can be summarized that the myth of reptilians from space is a relatively new phenomenon, which from the very beginning has been linked to earthly conflicts, while its connection to space remains rather arbitrary. Like most similar theories, it is a layer of fiction that should be dealt with by cultural studies, not astronomy.

• Posted in Articles, Questions

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07-09-2025 om 21:07 geschreven door peter  

Einstein’s Student Claimed US Govt. Re-Engineered UFO & Studied Alien Bodies; Oppenheimer & Others Were Involved

There were reports that instruments or people operating these machines were also of very light weight, sufficient to withstand the tremendous deceleration and acceleration associated with their machinery. I remember in talking with some of the people at the office that I got the impression these “aliens” were constructed like certain insects we have observed on earth, wherein because of the low mass the inertial forces involved in operation of these instruments would be quite low.

I still do not know why the high order of classification has been given and why the denial of the existence of these devices. I am sorry it has taken me so long to reply but I suggest you get in touch with the others who may be directly involved in this program.”

According to UFO researcher Anthony Bragalia, researcher D.M. Duncan located Sarbacher’s son, Robert Sarbacher Jr., living in Texas. Duncan had a revealing dialogue with Sarbacher. It turned out that the younger Sarbacher had once questioned his father about the UFO phenomena. His father spoke sparingly about the saucer subject. (Source)

Sarbacher Jr. said of his father: “He knew that they were real for the obvious reason that they would be going 600 mph and then make a direct 90-degree turn in mid-air without slowing down… separated from all inertia and gravity. Dad said that the reason he was called in was to build the right kind of missile to track these things since they were way too fast for any of our planes to catch. They wanted the missile to not destroy any of the UFOs, but to be able to track them. So Dad had cameras installed (like on the V-2 rockets) so when the UFO comes into our air space we would shoot missiles at them with cameras on them, since only a missile could keep up with the speed turns.”

Stunned at the revelation, Duncan wanted to clarify this, and Sarbacher’s son replied, “Yes, exactly to track UFOs, or rather to photograph and watch them… When he first told me about the missiles… the first thing I thought was, what? You were trying to destroy them? He (Sarbacher Sr.) said very normally and matter of factly, ‘No, we put cameras on the end of them.'”

Sarbacher never changed his story, and he resisted the urge to expound or make assumptions. Everyone who spoke with him was impressed. However, his statement could not be corroborated because all of the people he mentioned had passed away. It was the summer of 1986 when Sarbacher passed away.

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05-09-2025 om 23:18 geschreven door peter  

Whitley Strieber’s Alien Abduction & Stranger Who Told Him ‘Mankind Is Trapped’

Strieber’s writings have been adapted into various movies and TV shows, contributing to his global acclaim as a best-selling author. However, his popularity soared after the publication of “Communion” in 1987, a non-fiction novel detailing his encounter with non-human intelligent beings. The book became a major success, reaching the No. 1 spot on The New York Times’ non-fiction bestseller list.

In 1989, a film adaptation of “Communion” was released, featuring actors Christopher Walken and Lindsay Crouse. The author’s real encounter with aliens happened on December 26, 1985, when he was sleeping alone in his cabin in the woods, upstate New York. That night, Strieber was awakened by an unusual noise. When he opened his eyes, he saw a small alien creature approaching his bed.

“Throughout the world, there is a certain type of face, a being that’s seen again and again and again. With a long, thin face and big black eyes, sometimes the head seems quite big, as in the Betty Andreas case. In others, like in my case, they seem smaller, and the beings are taller. But that basic configuration, that basic sort of non-human configuration, seems to be repeated again and again and again in experiences all over the world,” Strieber said.

The next thing Strieber remembered was finding himself sitting in the surrounding woods with fragmented memories of what had transpired. To uncover the truth and regain his memories, he decided to undergo regressive hypnosis administered by Dr. Donald F. Klein. He recalled he had been abducted and physically assaulted by someone whom he designated as “Visitors” to keep the possibility of extraterrestrials’ involvement low.

Under hypnosis, Strieber recalled being “floated” out of his bedroom and taken aboard a UFO. During this experience, he encountered four different types of alien beings: a small robot-like being, a short and stocky type, a slender one, and a weak-looking being. Whatever he had recalled in the hypnosis became the story of his best-selling novel. Since that night, he was full of curiosity about the unknown visitors.

Read also:

• Pentagon Has Clear Image Of Triangle UFO Rising Out Of Ocean, Elizondo Confirmed
• Karla Turner Claimed She Found Evidence That Aliens Are Manipulating Human Reality
• Stanford Top Scientist Claims ‘100%’ Aliens Are On Earth; He Himself Saw Grey E.T.s
• Jacques Vallee On Footage Of UFO Landing At Holloman AFB: Occupant Carried Vertical Staff With Spiral Antenna

Strieber described that one of the beings had captivating black slanted eyes, while the last being had black button eyes. He further said that he underwent medical experiments conducted by those extraterrestrial beings. The experiments included a needle being inserted into his brain and an object being inserted into his rectum. Additionally, the beings extracted a blood sample from him by making an incision in his finger, indicating a series of invasive procedures.

As a result of the bizarre incidents described, Dr. Klein diagnosed Strieber with “temporal lobe epilepsy,” a condition known to cause hallucinations. However, Strieber did not accept this diagnosis and continued to claim that his abduction was a real experience. In fact, he went on to establish a foundation to provide support for other individuals who claimed to have been abducted by aliens, forming a support group for alien abductees.

In 1998, Strieber had another strange encounter at the Delta Chelsea Hotel in Toronto. He was awakened at 2:30 in the morning by a knock at the door, expecting room service, but instead found a mysterious man. Stieber told the Huffington Post: “I got up to open the door, thinking it was the room service waiter. It was not. It was a man I described as about 5 and a half feet tall, older-looking, like someone in his 70s. He wore dark-colored clothing, a turtleneck, and charcoal slacks.”

Strieber described this encounter in his book “The Key: A True Encounter,” published in 2000. The stranger engaged Strieber in a conversation about life lessons, science, and ethics. He expressed a desire to help humanity escape from a cycle of violence and self-destruction. When asked about technology, the stranger mentioned that an intelligent machine would continually seek to enhance its intelligence for survival. The conversation touched upon various topics, including the existence of multiple universes and catastrophic events in Earth’s history.

During the 45-minute conversation, Strieber grew increasingly curious and asked many questions. However, at one point, the stranger offered him a drink, which caused him to fall asleep immediately. The stranger’s true identity remains unknown, leaving Strieber contemplating the future of humanity and the undiscovered realms of science.

While many people remain skeptical about Strieber’s claim of alien abduction, John B. Alexander, a former Green Beret Commander and weapons developer, has regarded Strieber as an intelligent and thoughtful researcher in the field.

Author Whitley Strieber approached the subject of alien abductions differently than his contemporaries in the 1980s. While others focused on the idea that extraterrestrial scientists were stealing human DNA, Strieber delved into the controversial aspects of his own experiences with what he called the Visitors. He used this term because he was not sure if his captors were truly alien in the conventional sense. Strieber believed they might represent something beyond human comprehension.

In his book “Transformation,” a sequel to “Communion,” Strieber explored traumatic encounters of abductees who believed the Visitors (also known as Greys) had the ability to extract the immortal human soul from the physical body. He received a response from the Visitors, explaining that they recycled souls and that Earth was like a school where souls learn, grow, and evolve through successive reincarnations.

Strieber’s realization that the abduction phenomenon was stranger than initially thought was shared by Harvard professor John E. Mack. Mack encountered abductees who believed the entities they encountered were soul-stealers. In Mack’s book “Passport to the Cosmos,” he recounted the story of an abductee named Greg who feared being separated from his soul, believing it would lead to the end of his consciousness and existence.

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