Wil je een videoclip bekijken en stoort het X-files-deuntje jou daarbij. Schakel het deuntje gewoon uit door in deze kolon, helemaal beneden op de 2 witte balkjes in het blauwe cirkeltje te klikken, tot een pijltje verschijnt. Veel kijk- en luisterplezier en bedankt voor jouw bezoek.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
UFO'S - MET HET LAATSTE NIEUWS OVER UFO'S BOVEN BELGIË EN IN ANDERE LANDEN...
UFO's in België en de rest van de wereld In België heb je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE ww.ufo.be.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandeliiks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal. Since 02/01/2013 is Pieter not only president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
18-08-2018
Astronaut Snaps 'Mind-Blowing' Aurora Picture from Space
Astronaut Snaps 'Mind-Blowing' Aurora Picture from Space
By Meghan Bartels, Space.com Senior Writer
The aurora as seen from the International Space Station by astronaut Alexander Gerst.
Credit: ESA/NASA-A. Gerst
Most of us are lucky to catch a glimpse of a stunning aurora painting the skies once or twice in our lives.
But living on the International Space Station has a curious side effect, giving astronauts incredible odds of spotting the beautiful phenomenon. European Space Agency astronaut Alexander Gerst has been aboard the space station since June as part of his second trip to space, and on Aug. 10, he shared incredible photos of the bright green waves as seen from above. "Mind-blowing, every single time," he wrote in a tweet accompanying the photo.
Alexander Gerst✔@Astro_Alex
Mind-blowing, every single time. I wonder what early explorers thought when they first saw an aurora without ever having heard about it... #ExploreFarther#Horizons
Auroras, also known as the northern and southern lights, are caused by charged particles streaming out of the sun that eventually hit Earth's atmosphere, according to NASA. There, the particles interact with oxygen and nitrogen molecules to produce light. The result is a ghostly green wave dancing across the sky near the poles.
But while auroras are beautiful, particles streaming off the sun can have plenty of less aesthetic consequences. They can put astronaut health at risk, damage satellites in orbit around the Earth and, in the most severe cases, cause blackouts in terrestrial power grids.
That's part of why NASA is so excited about its newest mission, the Parker Solar Probe, which launched toward the sun on Sunday (Aug. 12). Once the spacecraft arrives at our star later this year, it will study the highly charged particles that leave the sun and end up in our neighborhood.
Parker can't give us more auroras, but if it can help scientists better understand and predict the sun's activities, it might help people be in the right place at the right time to see the stunning view.
Yleem Poblete, the U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for Arms Control, Verification, and Compliance, raised the concerns about the Russian “space apparatus inspector” at a meeting of the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva, Switzerland on Aug. 14, 2018. Russia publicly announced the launch of this satellite in June 2017, but insists that its only function is to inspect the country’s own space-based systems for damage or other possible issues and potentially service and repair them.
The Russian satellite’s “behavior on-orbit was inconsistent with anything seen before from on-orbit inspection or space situational awareness capabilities, including other Russian inspection satellite activities,” Poblete said at the gathering. “We are concerned with what appears to be very abnormal behavior by a declared ‘space apparatus inspector.’ We don’t know for certain what it is and there is no way to verify it.”
When Poblete mentioned “other” activities, she was likely referring to three additional inspector satellites that the Russians launched between 2013 and 2015. These space-based systems, also known as Kosmos-2491, Kosmos-2499, and Kosmos-2504, conducted a number of apparent tests, getting relatively close to various pieces of space debris, before going dormant in 2016. The next year, Russia turned one of them back on and sent it near to a portion of a Chinese weather satellite, which that country had destroyed in a ground-based anti-satellite test in 2007.
The video below, from the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, shows one concept for using a small repair satellite to service other space-based systems.
Now it’s important to note that the concept of a small inspector satellite isn’t new and makes good sense. Sending manned missions to examine satellites and other space objects and potentially make repairs or modifications has historically been costly and complicated.
At the same time, fixing or making modifications to a satellite in space saves the trouble of building a replacement and paying to launch it into orbit. Famously, the United States sent astronauts to fix the Hubble Space Telescopein 1993 after NASA discovered a fault in the system’s main mirror.
Having a semi-autonomous, space-based repair crew of sorts on call could simplify the arrangement significantly. If nothing else, these robotic inspectors could assess the issue quickly so personnel on the ground could make an informed decision about how to proceed.
The problem is that any satellite that can maneuver itself very close to another one, and may have small arms or probes to physically interact with its target, is inherently capable of being a weapon. Any such repair system could easily smash sensitive optics and other components, or simply slam into the target, acting as a kinetic weapon. Their small size means that their terrestrial operators might be able to instruct them to try to hide near other objects, especially among the ever-expanding field of "space junk" floating around the earth, as well.
A notional Robotic Servicing Vehicle that the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency has been working on. This kind of space-based system could also function as a weapon.
They might also be able to carry electronic warfare jammers or directed energy weapons that could blind optics or prevent a satellite from communicating information, including warnings about incoming missiles or vital intelligence data, to facilities down below. The “inspectors” could act as small intelligence agents, intercepting transmissions aimed at space-based communications systems. In that case, they might potentially send out spoofed signals with confusing messages or false navigational coordinates, as well.
Russia has since denounced Assistant Secretary of State Poblete’s comments as “unfounded, slanderous accusations based on suspicions.” However, statements from the country’s own Ministry of Defense regarding their newest inspector’s rendezvous with Kosmos-2519, another military satellite that itself has an unknown mission, strongly indicate that this satellite has a robust set of capabilities that could have a secondary military application.
“In trials involving controlling the maneuvering defense satellite, ground, and orbital communication systems were tested, and methods involving ballistic estimates and new software were employed,” Russia’s Izvestia newspaper reported based on information from the Ministry of Defense. “The space forces proved their ability to ensure the satellite's automatic undocking from the platform, the remote control of its flight, and the activation of the satellite payload, including surveillance hardware, data transfer to Earth, and data processing.”
For years, experts and others, including us at The War Zone, have pointed out the clear threat that these dual-use satellites might pose. The United States and China have and still are both actively exploring advanced space-based inspector-type systems, as well, which might set the stage for an even more complex situation that could involve groups of small satellites attacking and defending against each other. The U.S. military is also working on cost-effective, reusable hypersonic space planes, including the U.S. Air Force's secretive X-37B, that could rapidly deploy small satellites for various functions or otherwise perform their own offensive missions in space.
The US Air Force's X-37B space plane.
“The potential for a serious incident in outer space is being driven by advances in technology that challenge the existing rules and norms governing space activity,” Jeffery Lewis, now in charge of the East Asia Nonproliferation Program at the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey, wrote all the way back in 2004. “Micro-satellite proximity operations would be best regulated with confidence-building measures in outer space.”
More than a decade on, international rules and regulations have yet to catch up with these continued developments. Assistant Secretary of State Poblete made her comments earlier in August 2014 specifically to underscore the U.S. government’s continued opposition to a Russian-Chinese proposal for a Treaty on Prevention of the Placement of Weapons in Outer Space and of the Threat or Use of Force Against Outer Space Objects, conveniently abbreviated PWTT.
“How do we verify what countries say their spacecraft are doing?” she asked rhetorically. “What would be enough information to prove what the purpose of an object is?”
US Assistant Secretary of State for Arms Control, Verification, and Compliance Yleem Poblete.
The U.S. government’s position is that the PWTT is not sufficient because it does not explicitly prohibit the development or test of space-based systems, such as the inspectors, with a potential anti-satellite role. This could let countries stockpile a “breakout capability” if they ever decided to abandon the agreement.
The proposed agreement also does not ban ground-based or air-launched anti-satellite systems, which Russia and China have been developing, as well. In February 2018, the Chinese military tested what they described as an anti-ballistic missile defense interceptor, but which might be a cover for an anti-satellite weapon. Russia has publicly said that it is working on anti-satellite interceptors and directed energy weapons.
Russia and China, as well as other critics of the American position, counter by noting that the U.S. government is actively looking to militarize space and put actual weapons into orbit, ostensibly for anti-ballistic missile defense. The two countries have already responded negatively to the U.S. military’s plans for a possible space-focused military branch.
A Russian Beriev A-60 aircraft, which carries a laser weapon in its nose and that Russia has said may be able to blind or otherwise disable enemy satellites.
Without any such agreement, what constitutes an attack on a nation’s interest in space has remained up for debate. It’s a gray area made more complicated by the likelihood that the United States and its potential opponents have satellites in orbit that they don’t acknowledge are vital to national security or are up there at all.
“Is jamming an attack? Is a laser an attack? Does it have to be a kinetic hit on a satellite to be an attack?” Douglas Loverro, then-Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Space Policy, asked during a talk in 2016. “It’s really difficult to go ahead and justify how you might attack somebody’s homeland if they’ve taken out a satellite that you don’t even admit exists.”
Unfortunately, it is clear that basic definitions of what constitutes conflict in space, if nothing else, are necessary now, more than ever. Without them, there is only an increasing possibility for dangerous miscalculations.
The activities of Russia’s latest inspector satellite, China’s own anti-satellite developments, and the United States’ plans for space-based ballistic missile defense weapons all show that these issues will only continue to become more pronounced in the future, whether there is any sort of international treaty that seeks to govern military activity in space or not.
Mysterious X-37B Military Space Plane Nears 1 Year in Orbit
Mysterious X-37B Military Space Plane Nears 1 Year in Orbit
By Leonard David, Space.com's Space Insider Columnist
Artist's illustration of the U.S. Air Force's robotic X-37B space plane orbiting Earth.
Credit: Boeing
The U.S. Air Force's X-37B miniature space plane has winged past 340 days in orbit performing secretive duties during the program's fifth flight.
The robotic craft's latest mission, known as Orbital Test Vehicle-5 (OTV-5), kicked off on Sept. 7, 2017, with a launch atop a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from NASA's Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida.
As usual, Air Force officials have revealed few details about OTV-5. But we do know that one payload flying aboard the X-37B this time around is the Advanced Structurally Embedded Thermal Spreader, or ASETS-11. Developed by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, this cargo is testing experimental electronics and oscillating heat pipes for long durations in the space environment. [The X-37B Space Plane: 6 Surprising Facts]
Record-setting history
The classified X-37B program "fleet" consists of two known reusable vehicles, both of which were built by Boeing. Looking like a miniature version of NASA's now-retired space shuttle orbiter, the military space plane is 29 feet (8.8 meters) long and 9.6 feet (2.9 m) tall, with a wingspan of nearly 15 feet (4.6 m).
The X-37B has a payload bay about the size of a pickup-truck bed, which can be outfitted with a robotic arm. The space plane has a launch weight of 11,000 lbs. (4,990 kilograms) and is powered on orbit by gallium-arsenide solar cells with lithium-ion batteries.
Each X-37B mission has set a new flight-duration record for the program:
OTV-1 began April 22, 2010, and concluded on Dec. 3, 2010, after 224 days in orbit.
OTV-2 began March 5, 2011, and concluded on June 16, 2012, after 468 days on orbit.
OTV-3 chalked up nearly 675 days in orbit before finally coming down on Oct. 17, 2014.
OTV-4 conducted on-orbit experiments for 718 days during its mission, extending the total number of days spent in space for the OTV program to 2,085 days.
How long OTV-5 will stay aloft is unknown. Whenever it comes down, the robotic vehicle is likely to land at KSC's Shuttle Landing Facility, as the OTV-4 mission did back on May 7, 2017. That was a first for the program. All prior missions had ended with a tarmac touchdown at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California.
Ground tracks
Ted Molczan, a Toronto-based satellite analyst, told Inside Outer Space that OTV-5's initial orbit was about 220 miles (355 kilometers) high, inclined 54.5 degrees to the equator. "Its ground track nearly repeated every two days, after 31 revolutions," he said.
On April 19, the space drone lowered its orbit by 24 miles (39 km), which caused its ground track to exactly repeat every five days, after 78 revolutions, Molczan said — a first for an OTV mission.
"Repeating ground tracks are very common," Molczan added, "especially for spacecraft that observe the Earth. That said, I do not know why OTV has repeating ground tracks."
"Ironically, the X-37B is exactly the type of program — toward giving the U.S. flexibility of operations in space — that seems to be prompting the current push for a Space Force, yet are already underway," said Joan Johnson-Freese, a professor in the National Security Affairs Department at the Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island.
Leonard David is author of "Mars: Our Future on the Red Planet," published by National Geographic. The book is a companion to the National Geographic Channel series "Mars." A longtime writer for Space.com, David has been reporting on the space industry for more than five decades.
In a blog post, NASA said that it may never again have contact with the Opportunity rover, after the craft got caught up in a Martian dust storm in the middle of June.
While expressing optimism that the worst of the Opportunity's rover's problems may be behind it, as the dust storm starts to "decay," NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Andrew Good cautioned that the battery for the $400 million vehicle might have discharged so much power and been inactive for so long, it could be a loss.
"Even if engineers hear back from Opportunity, there's a real possibility the rover won't be the same," Good wrote in an Aug. 16 blog post. "The rover's batteries could have discharged so much power -- and stayed inactive so long -- that their capacity is reduced. If those batteries can't hold as much charge, it could affect the rover's continued operations."
Good also cautioned that no one will know how the Opportunity rover is doing "until it speaks," but added that the team behind it is optimistic, after performing tests on its batteries before the storm hit its location.
"Because the batteries were in relatively good health before the storm, there's not likely to be too much degradation," Good wrote. "And because dust storms tend to warm the environment -- and the 2018 storm happened as Opportunity's location on Mars entered summer -- the rover should have stayed warm enough to survive."
Good added that the dust is less of a problem. Previous storms which "plastered dust on the camera lenses," saw most of the dust eventually shed off. "Any remaining dust can be calibrated out," he wrote.
The dust storm started on June 10 and eventually covered the entire planet, according to Space.com.
Still, it has been a sore spot for NASA that it has not been able to contact the Opportunity rover since the dust storm.
Assuming NASA is able to get in contact with the rover (it is continuing to listen for signs and pinging it three times a week), Good says we may not know anything for a few weeks, likening its condition to a patient coming out of a coma.
"After the first time engineers hear from Opportunity, there could be a lag of several weeks before a second time," Good wrote. "It's like a patient coming out of a coma: It takes time to fully recover. It may take several communication sessions before engineers have enough information to take action."
Opportunity has three so-called "fault modes" when it experiences a problem: a low-power fault that causes it to go into hibernation until there is more sunlight to let it recharge; clock fault, which might happen if the rover doesn't know what time it is, causing disruptions in communication and uploss fault, which occurs when the rover hasn't heard from Earth in a long time, causing it to check its equipment and try alternate ways to communicate with Earth.
The Opportunity rover, which was initially meant to only be on the Red Planet for a 90-day mission, has made several groundbreaking discoveries throughout its now roughly 15-year trip, initially leaving Earth on July 7, 2003.
So far, it has detected signs of water, explored the insides of two craters and completed a marathon — the first vehicle to do so on another planet.
But Opportunity's journey hasn't always been a smooth one.
In 2005, the rover lost the use of one of its front wheels and got stuck in a thick pile of sand for about five weeks, according to Space.com. When it finally managed to move, it ran into a sand dune. In 2007, a dust storm hit and reportedly cut the spacecraft's power to "dangerously low levels." A month later, it turned back on and began exploring the Victoria Crater.
Despite its obstacles, the Opportunity has always managed to pull through. But this time, researchers aren't sure what will happen.
In the meantime, scientists are trying to stay positive, creating a Mars-themed Spotify playlist — featuring "Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go" by Wham!, "Rocket Man" by Elton John, among others — and an office pool to help pass the time.
Fox News' Jennifer Earl contributed to this report. Follow Chris Ciaccia on Twitter @Chris_Ciaccia
Are we living in the only universe? If you believe like many that we reside in a multiverse, then answer this question: do we live in the FIRST universe? If that’s too big of a query to wrap your brain around, here’s a little help from an esteemed mathematician, with a little more help from the beyond in the form of Stephen Hawking, who thinks the answer lies in black holes:
“What we claim we’re seeing is the final remnant after a black hole has evaporated away in the previous aeon.”
What University of Oxford mathematical physicist Sir Roger Penrose and his colleagues “claim we’re seeing” is radiation that appears to have passed from a previous universe (which he calls an “aeon”), which supports Penrose’s theory of “conformal cyclic cosmology” which proposes that the universe is not the product of a single Big Bang but instead is going through an ebb and flow of Big Bang expansions and dying universe compressions. This, of course, would contradict the prevailing theory of cosmic inflation, which hypothesizes that the universe is expanding infinitely.
Got it so far? Still skeptical? Let’s bring in the late great Stephen Hawking and his “Hawking points.”
“Though seemingly problematic for cosmic inflation, the existence of such anomalous points is an iplication of conformal cyclic cosmology (CCC).”
In a paper published on the pre-peer review website arxiv.org, Penrose proposes that Hawking points – a singular spot of radiation emitted from black hole – are actually exit-entry points between dying-birthing universes and the radiation itself is a remnant from the previous aeon passed on to the current one. At this point, if you’re up on your Hawking points, you’re probably screaming, “But Hawking was never able to prove they exist!”
Not so fast, says Penrose. His study claims that one or more things-that-could-be-Hawking -points have been found by the BICEP2 (Background Imaging of Celectronic Cosmic Extragalactic Polarization) project, a muscular mapping of the cosmic microwave background (the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the Big Bang) which has identified 20 swirling patterns of polarizations (a great name for a band) called B-modes (a great name for the band’s backup singers) on the far edges of the map near the beginning of the universe we’re in right now.
Penrose and his colleagues believe these swirls are the smoking points proving the theory of conformal cyclic cosmology.
“Although of extremely low temperature at emission, in CCC this radiation is enormously concentrated by the conformal compression of the entire future of the black hole, resulting in a single point at the crossover into our current aeon.”
Should we break out the champagne (real and non-alcoholic) and invite our Hindu friends over to celebrate the proof of Vedic cosmology and the four Yugas? Unfortunately, Penrose’s study and simulations are based on the map released by the BICEP2 project, not the raw data which could contain contradicting points to the Hawking points. The map only goes back to about 380,000 years after the Big Bang, not to the bang itself, and other researchers say Penrose has not yet disproved the theories that the swirls or rings are light being bent by massive objects we can’t see yet.
Will a chain of banging-and-imploding universes that lasts forever be proven by the B-modes before the next aeon arrives? If science had a category for “most popular theory,” anything connected to Hawking would be a winner.
The Golden Age of Space Exploration: Unraveling the Mysteries of the Cosmos (Op-Ed)
The Golden Age of Space Exploration: Unraveling the Mysteries of the Cosmos (Op-Ed)
ByLeonid Solovyev, The Breakthrough Prize Foundation
An artist's illustration of 'Oumuamua, the first interstellar object ever to be discovered passing through our solar system.
Credit: M. Kornmesser/European Southern Observatory
Leonid Solovyev is Director of Operations for The Breakthrough Prize Foundation, dedicated to advancing understanding of the universe at the deepest levels. Its Breakthrough Prizes honor important achievements in Fundamental Physics, Life Sciences and Mathematics and are sponsored by Sergey Brin, Pony Ma, Julia & Yuri Milner, Anne Wojcicki, Priscilla Chan & Mark Zuckerberg. Solovyev contributed this article to Space.com's Expert Voices: Op-Ed & Insights.
Last fall, there was widespread excitement after astronomers from the PAN-STARRS program at the University of Hawai'i detected a mysterious object shooting past Earth around 21 million miles (34 million kilometers) away. Named 'Oumuamua, meaning "first distant messenger" in Hawai'ian, it was the first object witnessed in our solar system that came from another star system. It was moving at nearly 200,000 mph (320,000 km/h), and was about 2,600 feet (800 meters) in length, with a highly unusual elongated cigar shape. Since a long, streamlined structure would minimize collisions with interstellar gas and dust, speculation arose that it might be an artificial object — perhaps even a spacecraft. ['Oumuamua: The 1st Known Interstellar Visitor in Photos]
This caught the attention of Breakthrough Listen, the radio astronomy program of Breakthrough Prize Foundation, which uses some of the world's biggest telescopes to search for evidence of intelligent life beyond Earth. Scientists quickly turned the Green Bank Telescope, the largest fully steerable instrument in the world, toward 'Oumuamua. At that range, Breakthrough Listen would have been able to detect an onboard transmitter with about the power of an iPhone. The observations did not reveal any signal — but they did lead to headlines like, "Astronomers Check 'Alien' Asteroid Thing For Actual Aliens".
Such headlines may make scientists cringe. But ultimately, I believe, they're a good thing. Any publicity is good publicity if it gets more people engaged with the golden age of space exploration that we are currently living through.
In the last two decades, among other momentous findings, astronomers have discovered that the expansion of the universe is accelerating; they have imaged its state soon after the Big Bang; and they have detected gravitational waves from black holes and neutron stars. Meanwhile, private space programs, such as Elon Musk's SpaceX and Jeff Bezos' Blue Origin programs, have re-ignited enthusiasm about human space travel.
In the same period, astrobiology — the study of life in the universe — has blossomed as a science. At our annual conference on the subject, called Breakthrough Discuss, I see astronomers, cosmologists, biologists, geneticists, chemists and engineers bubbling with new ideas, from identifying exoplanet atmospheres to building synthetic life in the lab to searching for laser signals from other star systems.
What has galvanized the science community around the search for life? Recent space missions, such as NASA's Kepler and Cassini missions, have changed the game, revealing that most stars have planetary systems, and icy outer moons in our solar system could hold the conditions for primitive life. And just last month, the European Space Agency's Mars Express orbiter discovered a lake of liquid water beneath the surface of Mars. If, as many astrobiologists suspect, life was once present on the Red Planet, perhaps such lakes could still support it today.
In this climate of excitement, it's important that scientists are public figures — keen to take the lead in communicating with the public about new developments. Of course, when reacting quickly to events, mistakes are always possible, and scientific rigor is always paramount. But conjecture is not incompatible with rigor; indeed, conjecture is fundamental to the scientific method. Scientists should not be afraid to propose bold ideas, and open them up to criticism. [5 Bold Claims of Alien Life]
One reason for this is that you never know what a scientific idea will reveal until you test it. Our program, for instance, was set up to look for "technosignatures" of advanced civilizations; we may or may not find them, but in the process we have already made astronomical discoveries in their own right — such as a new fast radio burst (FRB), one of the mysterious super-high-energy events of unknown origin.
And any new knowledge gleaned about the cosmos could teach us something about its possibilities for life. In June, astronomers at the European Space Agency showed that 'Oumuamua is accelerating away from the sun more rapidly than can be explained by the force of gravity alone. Their analysis concluded that the effect is caused by "outgassing" — material being boiled off its surface — meaning that the object is probably a comet. A comet is a very different proposition than a spacecraft, yet it is still relevant to the search for life: the discovery of an interstellar comet provides renewed motivation to consider theories like panspermia, which postulates that life is transported between the stars by comets, asteroids and other voyagers.
The universe is still full of mystery. We should welcome all scientifically grounded ideas that could shine a light upon it.
New extraordinary discovery made by Jean Seimple, who sent, a few days ago, the formula of the fundamental constant of Gravitation, G, one of the unresolved mysteries of physics, to all the major scientific journals of the world.
After dozens of secrets revealed and relayed by Disclose TV, such as Atlantis-Antarctica, the meridian of Greenwich, The Secret of Jesus Christ, the Ark of covenant, Planet X etc ... the list is long! A new breathtaking discovery that will make history!
INTERSTELLAR in reality!
Here is his press release published in France, just few minutes ago.
Discovery of the Equation of the Fundamental Constant of Gravitation.
Pyramid Apocalypsia.
By Jean Seimple, August 15, 2018.
« A big step towards the stars... »
A new Great Day for Humanity. (Picture, Interstellar.)
Dear readers,
thanks to all my work on the Great Pyramid, of its authenticity and its coherence, I managed, while staying on the path of the truth, to make one of the greatest discoveries of our time...
The discovery was transmitted a few days ago to the scientific community, with the hope of awakening men.
From the scientific publication:
(Available online in its intergrality, with its geometric and theoretical assumptions, here)
Proposition for the Formula, Definition and Mathematical Value of the Universal Constituent of Gravitation, G.
By Jean Seimple.
(Note by Jean: All this was unknown, the constant of proportionality of gravity, one of the most important and mysterious constants of physics, is only estimated by physical measurements.
References are written at 10 ^ -9 instead of 10 ^ -11, e.g. 6.11 x 10 ^ -11 = 0.0611 x 10 ^ -9.)
Reference of the constant G used:
SI value recommended by CODATA (Data Committee for Science and Technology.)
(CODATA 2014 Newtonian constant of gravitation NIST, 2017.)
G(ref.) = 0.0667 408(31)10^-9m3.kg^-1.s^-2
Proposition of the fundamental formula of the constant G:
First writing
Definition:
10 (π -1 / 2π ²) – 1, is the multiplying coefficient of the inverse of the perimeter of the circle
C = 2π ² / π -1, whose radius r = π / π -1, is the only solution of the equality, Pi x r = Pi + r.
√((5π /6) -1), is a remarkable proportion Pi(~ √ Φ).
Numerical value :
G = 10 (π -1/ 2π ²) -1 / √ ((5π /6) -1)
G = 0.0667 792...
This solution of G, corresponds to 99.942 % to G(ref.) = 0.0667 408(31)10^-9m3.kg^-1.s^-2.
(Note from Jean: the probability that this formula that follows from a unique solution of Pi, falls on one of the most important value of physics is a coincidence, it's almost zero... perfection belongs to Heaven.)
Second writing
G = 0.067482...
~99 % of G(ref.)
(…)
We can suppose the existence of at least, 9 other space of PI of lower densities in a time slightly shifted from ours and thus unobservable, which would correspond to the famous 'dark energy'/'dark matter' of the cosmology (...)
That in a standardized universal system, the formula of A.Einstein is written, E = m π².
That there would be a small 'black hole' in the center of each elemental particle of matter, in the image and probably at the origin of the black holes of the cosmos.
Wishes:
I. If this formula wins the interest of the scientific community, I would like it to be named, "The Antarctic Formula".
II. By a moral and conscience contract, I authorize the commercial use of this publication, asking that a 'nice proportion' of the income collected, be donated to the benefit of a charity dedicated to children.
Acknowledgment:
Thanks to the Architect of the Great Pyramid.
UNBELIEVABLE !
This is therefore the irrefutable scientific proof that the Pyramids of the Giza were built by a civilization superior to us.
The lie is over.
In my last video (en sub), I announced that it would probably be the end of a long series, thinking to have arrived at the end of the road, as twice already in the past.
This path that I followed was the path of truth, which took me very far, as you can see; and at the end of this road, there will be, I think, the builders and this incredible architect.
So it is with another truth that I will finish.
'For verily I say unto you,' as the son of Man, who is related to this pyramid as I have revealed, this scientific publication, is not intended to be judged by scientists, but that it is the publication and the Heaven through it, who will judge them...
As guarantors of the laws of the universe, these guardians of the temple, these men of science, will be the first to be judged, because the true science is the science of the truth and without truth, it remains only the law of the men...
Those who work for the truth.
We will see then, who work for the truth and those who will continue to lie.
The masks will fall.
As I have announced, we are at the time of the Apocalypse, the time of revelation, the tearing of the veil, the time of judgment, and the hour of judgment comes...
If I tried to transmit the message with my heart, to touch the men of heart, I needed for others... To Hit their minds!
It was the plan of God.
Prepare... and may God keep you.
Jean Seimple.
* * *
AMAZING !
Amazing new revelation of Jean Seimple, remember, he explained and demonstrated, that a planet-comet, will cross our solar system very soon and cause upheaval on earth... to observe the current intense volcanic activity and the climate change, I think its effects are already felt and so as he says, be prepared...
To share, massively, for our children !
The divine plan...
And the key that explains everything...
1 Pi, 1 Phi, 1 Cubit, all in meter...
Our children will have the stars...
"In my childhood dreams, I had two powers that allowed me to escape the clutches of the monster and that other children did not have.
The first was that I could jump from a great height and land smoothly... The second was to be able to rise above the ground, very slowly, to reach the space, where I could contemplate, the earth and the stars ... "
We don’t know for certain what it is and there is no way to verify it.
That’s how one State Department adviser recently described the unexplained behavior of a mysterious Russian satellite in orbit. Where’s the Space Force when you need it? If reports are correct, they might be called into action sooner than we think. Anomalous satellite activity has become somewhat commonplace over the last few years as the world’s superpowers vie for space supremacy. Reports of Russian “killer” satellites, secret space bases, and black rocket launches have surfaced, leading some intelligence agencies to suggest war in space is coming.
World War III? More like Space War I.
Now, remarks made by the U.S. Assistant Secretary of the Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance seems to suggest that the Russians are indeed up to something fishy in orbit. While speaking at the recent Conference on Disarmament in Geneva, assistant secretary Yleem Poblete stated that an unknown Russian craft or satellite in orbit has begun displaying anomalous activity which have U.S. intelligence analysts scratching their heads:
In October of last year the Russian Ministry of Defense deployed a space object they claimed was a “space apparatus inspector.” But its behavior on-orbit was inconsistent with anything seen before from on-orbit inspection or space situational awareness capabilities, including other Russian inspection satellite activities. We are concerned with what appears to be very abnormal behavior by a declared “space apparatus inspector.”
Could she be describing the mysterious “capsule” allegedly sent to the ISS last October? Could this be related to the mysterious destruction of several satellites over the past year? It’s unclear. Whatever the case is, satellite-to-satellite warfare is clearly now a chief concern for defense agencies. The entire military and intelligence apparatus relies on the instantaneous global connectivity provided by satellites, and without them the military is ‘blind’ in many ways.
Don’t worry: the X-37B will save us.
Is this merely further saber-rattling to justify the creation of the Space Force, or is the Russian military truly up to something nefarious in space? With all of the disinformation on all sides right now geopolitically speaking, it’s tough to say. One thing is certain: tin foil hats aren’t strong enough to protect your skull from debris from falling space fighters. You’re gonna need a bunker for that.
Phytoplankton Is Affecting Earth's Climate in the Ocean's 'Twilight Zone'
Phytoplankton Is Affecting Earth's Climate in the Ocean's 'Twilight Zone'
By Chelsea Gohd, Space.com Staff Writer
NASA scientists are venturing into the ocean's "twilight zone" to explore how phytoplankton are affecting Earth's climate.
Phytoplankton are microscopic organisms that reside near the ocean's surface, where they soak up the sunshine. Mostly single-celled creatures, the phytoplankton play a supporting role in Earth's climate by taking carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere through photosynthesis. But, while scientists understand how these creatures capture carbon, they do not know where the carbon event
ually ends up (and how long it stays there) when the phytoplankton get eaten by animals like zooplankton or die.
Phytoplankton blooms are seen in this image taken by the MODIS instrument on NASA's Aqua satellite. Phytoplankton influence Earth's climate, and researchers are working to figure out exactly how.
Credit: NASA's Earth Observatory
"The continued exploration of the ocean, its ecosystems and their controls on the carbon cycle as observed with advanced technologies by EXPORTS will provide unprecedented views of Earth's unseen world," Paula Bontempi, an EXPORTS program scientist at NASA Headquarters, in Washington, D.C., said in the statement.
This "unseen world," known as the twilight zone, lies 650 feet to 3,300 feet (200 meters to 1,000 meters) below the ocean's surface, where there is little to no light. This dim region is home to a wide variety of species, including zooplankton. Some species of zooplankton — which, depending on the species, can be microscopic like phytoplankton or large enough to be seen with the naked eye — live in this twilight zone but rise to the surface to feed on phytoplankton.
These creatures make a mass migration to the surface and return to the twilight zone at sunrise, according to the statement. So, the organic carbon that the phytoplankton take in is then "transferred," so to speak, to the larger zooplankton, which are then often eaten by larger animals.
Some of the organic carbon that travels from the phytoplankton to the zooplankton to larger animals re-enters the atmosphere through respiration — zooplankton, like all animals, breathe out carbon dioxide — and when those animals die and decompose, according to the statement. But some of this organic carbon, coming from feces or decomposed bodies, sinks down to the twilight zone.
The EXPORTS team is working to better understand this twilight-zone carbon, and how it may be contributing, ultimately, to Earth's climate.
"It's a tiny fraction, a fraction of a percent of biomass that makes it deeper down in the ocean where the water stays away from the atmosphere for a long time, from decades to thousands of years," Heidi Sosik, a senior scientist at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and a member of the EXPORTS team, said in the statement. "We have pretty good information that tells us these processes are happening, but we have much less information to help us to quantitatively assess their impact on things like carbon cycling and, ultimately, Earth's climate."
Meteorite Bombardment Likely Created the Oldest Rocks on Earth
Meteorite Bombardment Likely Created the Oldest Rocks on Earth
By Meghan Bartels, Space.com Senior Writer
An artist's depiction of the Late Heavy Bombardment period of Earth's early history, about 4 billion years ago.
Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab
Scientists think rocks from space may be responsible for the very oldest rocks on Earth.
That's according to new research published today (Aug. 13), which argues that meteorite bombardment is the most likely way to explain the temperature and pressure conditions under which 4.02-billion-year-old Canadian rocks formed.
"We believe that these rocks may be the only surviving remnants of a barrage of extraterrestrial impacts which characterized the first 600 million years of Earth's history," lead study author Tim Johnson, a geologist at Curtin University in Perth, Australia, said in a statement released by the hosts of the Goldschmidt conference being held Aug. 12 through 17 in Boston, where the research is being presented.
The team of researchers studied a type of rock called Idiwhaa gneiss, which is more than 4 billion years old, found in northwest Canada and the oldest large swath of rock on Earth. Although scientists have identified some grains of even older rocks, those grains are so tiny they're practically microscopic.
Specifically, the team looked at the chemical composition of those rocks and modeled what conditions rocks with that recipe could have formed under. The magic combination seemed to be temperatures of up to 1,650 degrees Fahrenheit (900 degrees Celsius) partnered with low pressures.
That's a tricky combination to find under normal circumstances, the researchers said. Usually, hotter temperatures require traveling deeper into the earth, but pressures there are higher. The team found, however, that meteorites could solve that conundrum.
That's because when meteorites were common, in the early days of Earth, the impacts could have raised temperatures enough to melt rocks in the very top of the crust — just the first 1.8 miles (3 kilometers) or so ― without the rocks experiencing high pressures.
Most of the rocks produced during that time have fallen back into the Earth's interior through plate tectonics, melting away its identifiable characteristics. But the Idiwhaa rocks remain, where they were named by the local Tlicho people long before scientists came to analyze them.
The research is described in a paper published today in the journal Nature Geoscience.
A Fireball and a Wall of Sound: What NASA's Epic Solar Probe Launch Felt Like
A Fireball and a Wall of Sound: What NASA's Epic Solar Probe Launch Felt Like
By Mike Wall, Space.com Senior Writer
Parker Solar Probe: from factory to flight
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. — It was a pretty good morning to be looking up.
Mars hung low over my shoulder, close and bright and fiery, as I stood on a causeway across the Banana River Sunday (Aug. 12) here at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. A slight breeze kept the mosquitoes away, and Perseid meteors popped up every now and again, carving brief and slender slivers of light into the predawn sky.
And then, at 3:31 a.m. EDT (0731 GMT), that dark sky lit up in a flash of brilliant orange as a United Launch Alliance Delta IV Heavy rocket, one of the most powerful boosters flying today, lifted off the pad. [Launch Photos! NASA's Parker Solar Probe Blasts Off to Touch the Sun]
That flash was silent at first, like the view of a faraway nuclear blast. But about 30 seconds in, a wave of vibrations spawned by the rocket's massive engines washed over the causeway. Those vibrations drowned out the insect-like clicks of camera shutters and the frantic splashing of predator-evading Banana River fish in a monumental wall of noise.
The Delta IV Heavy rocket carrying NASA's Parker Solar Probe carves a fiery trail into the predawn sky in this long-exposure photograph taken on Aug. 12, 2018.
"I'm in awe," Thomas Zurbuchen, the head of NASA's Science Mission Directorate, told reporters shortly after the successful liftoff. "It was a really clean launch."
There was one slight hiccup, however: The mission team lost telemetry about 40 minutes into flight, right around the time when the Parker Solar Probe was scheduled to separate from its rocket ride and start flying solo. But the connection was quickly re-established, eliciting raucous cheers from the folks in launch control (and from those of us at the press site at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, which is also here at Cape Canaveral).
A United Launch Alliance Delta IV Heavy rocket launches NASA's Parker Solar Probe on Aug. 12, 2018, from Launch Complex 37 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida.
Credit: Bill Ingalls/NASA
If all goes according to plan, the Parker Solar Probe will fly through the sun's outer atmosphere, or corona, 24 times over the next seven years. The spacecraft will get within 3.83 million miles (6.16 million kilometers) of the solar surface, zooming through space at up to 430,000 mph (690,000 km/h) during these close flybys.
Both of those figures will shatter spaceflight records: No other spacecraft has ever gotten closer to the sun than 27 million miles (43 million km) or traveled faster than 165,000 mph (265,000 km/h).
The data gathered by the Parker Solar Probe during these close encounters should help scientists solve some long-standing solar mysteries, NASA officials have said — for example, why the corona is so much hotter than the solar surface, and how the particles that make up the solar wind are accelerated to their tremendous speeds. (These subatomic bits are moving between 900,000 mph and 1.8 million mph, or 1.45 million and 2.9 million km/h, by the time they reach Earth.)
NASA's Parker Solar Probe blasts off on epic journey to 'touch the Sun'
Those data will start arriving in early November, when the probe makes its first solar close approach. (However, an orbit-sculpting flyby of Venus in late September should yield interesting information about the second planet from the sun.)
That moment can't come soon enough for the mission's namesake, pioneering astrophysicist Eugene Parker, who predicted the existence of the solar wind back in 1958.
The 91-year-old Parker — a professor emeritus of astronomy and astrophysics at the University of Chicago, and the first living person to have a NASA mission named after him — came down to Cape Canaveral for Sunday's launch. Zurbuchen spoke with Parker shortly after liftoff.
Parker was deeply moved by the launch but "immediately switched to the next step, which is, 'I can't wait for the data — when are the data coming in?'" Zurbuchen said with a laugh. "It's like, 'OK, I'll send them to you, Gene. The moment we learn something new, I'll send it to you.' But it's going to be a while."
Black holes, such as the one in galaxy NGC 3783 illustrated above, are some of nature’s most prodigious spewers of energy. Could that energy be enough to account for a long-standing mystery?
ESO/M. Kornmesser
Gaze up at the sky on a clear night, far from the city lights, and you might see the moon and some stars, a few planets and maybe even the fuzzy glow of the Milky Way. “In between, there seems to be nothing but emptiness and darkness,” says Xiawei Wang, an astronomy graduate student at Harvard University. “At least that was our view of the cosmos until 50 or so years ago when astronomers realized that space was not as empty as we once thought.”
In 1964, astronomers were surprised to discover a uniform sea of radiation coming from all directions, all the time. Later dubbed the cosmic microwave background (CMB), this low-energy light turned out to be the residual radiation from the Big Bang itself, cooled during its journey over the past 13.8 billion years. Studying the CMB has led to tremendous insights about the structure and composition of our universe, its exact age and even its shape.
In the decades since, astronomers have learned there’s much more to the unseen universe, finding background radiation at practically every wavelength observed. The highest frequency and most energetic background signals they’ve found are made up of a form of light called gamma rays, plus exotic particles called neutrinos and cosmic rays. And, unlike the CMB, the source of these emissions is still enigmatic. No one knows where they come from.
In three recent papers, Wang and her adviser, Harvard astronomer Avi Loeb, advanced a new idea that suggests not one source for this high-energy background, but literally billions.
It all comes down to a phenomenon called quasar outflows.
Initially discovered as unexplained signals picked up by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson at Bell Laboratories (above), the cosmic microwave background (below) — the universe’s oldest light — is now mapped with incredible accuracy.
NASA
NASA/WMAP Science Team
A Chorus of Quasars Quasars are among the most luminous objects in the universe. Each one greatly outshines the combined output of all the stars in their host galaxies. (For instance, in 2015 astronomers announced they’d found a quasar that shines some 400 trillion times brighter than our sun.)
All large galaxies have giant black holes at their centers, and a quasar forms when one actively starts feeding, pulling in matter like gas and dust. But this stuff doesn’t fall directly into the black hole — it circles around the abyss at ever-increasing speeds while spiraling inward. Eventually, the cosmic food becomes so hot (from friction) that it pours out light before some of it makes its way into the black hole. The object that generates this prodigious amount of light — the black hole and cloud of debris swirling around it — is a quasar.
But a black hole doesn’t eat everything in sight; its mouth is simply not big enough. Some of the surrounding material gets ejected in different ways. Ten percent of known quasars shoot out matter — at more than 99 percent of the speed of light — through a pair of spectacular jets.
Astronomers seeking a source for that exotic, high-energy radiation took a close look at these powerful jets. But observations showed they weren’t enough: All the universe’s quasar jets could account for only about half the gamma rays, and none of the neutrinos and cosmic rays.
The unexplained emissions, according to Wang and Loeb, may stem from a more subtle feature of every quasar: their milder but steadier outflows. What a black hole doesn’t eat, or shoot away in jets, it flings off at relatively moderate speeds — a few thousand miles per second, or about 1 percent the speed of light. After interacting with the local gas, these outflows can ultimately produce small amounts of all three components of the high-energy background: gamma rays, neutrinos and cosmic rays.
Individual outflows don’t release enough energy for us to notice, which is why no one really considered them before — but a big enough number of them would add up. And in Wang and Loeb’s scenario, the process is taking place at every quasar in the universe. A little energy times a lot of sources could, in theory, produce all that mysterious energy.
Running the Numbers Wang and Loeb set out to see if the numbers backed up their premise. In 2015, they started by focusing on gamma rays. Step one was trying to determine the tiny amount coming from each source. It wasn’t easy. They had to approach the problem theoretically because the emissions from an individual quasar are actually too weak for direct measurements. Drawing upon emissions in other wavelengths that they could observe for guidance, Wang and Loeb eventually came up with an estimate.
The next step was to factor in contributions from the billions of quasars in our universe to figure out the total gamma-ray signal from all quasar outflows. This calculation was also complex, incorporating estimates of the total number of quasars, their general distribution in the sky and the range in observed brightness. (Brighter quasars emit more gamma rays.) In the end, the total value Wang and Loeb arrived at, miraculously, was about half the gamma-ray background signal — perhaps comprising the “missing” half quasar jets could not explain.
Encouraged, they repeated this exercise in late 2016 and early 2017 for neutrinos, and then cosmic rays. In both cases, their tallied sums closely matched experimentally obtained values for the neutrino and cosmic-ray backgrounds. The numbers could work, suggesting they might have found the answer to the high-energy background problem.
An active black hole lies at the center of galaxy Centaurus A.An active black hole lies at the center of galaxy Centaurus A.
ESO/WFI/MPIfR/APEX/A.Weiss et al./NASA/CXC/CfA/R. Kraft et al.
The Full Score Unfortunately, the idea remains hypothetical until astronomers can get direct measurements of all three forms of radiation coming from a single quasar outflow. Luckily, more sensitive instruments for detecting gamma rays, neutrinos and cosmic rays are in the works.
If their quasar outflow idea is ultimately confirmed, it would do more than just clarify a long-standing astronomical puzzle. “It would be another step toward answering the question of what’s out there in the universe and where it comes from,” says Wang. “Sometimes, the answers to the biggest questions in science lie in small and subtle things. These less visible entities are often neglected, but in the aggregate, they can be brighter and more powerful.”
She compares the situation to a piano concerto. The piano is loud enough to drown out any of the dozens of individual string instruments in a full orchestra. But when you put all the strings together, their contribution is substantial. In the same way, the cumulative output of quasar outflows could make a difference on a cosmic scale.
So the next time you look at the night sky, “remember that what we see with the naked eye is a tiny, tiny fraction of the things happening in the cosmos,” says Wang. Appreciating the piano concerto of the universe involves learning to hear all the instruments, no matter how faint and unimportant they might seem.
Your regular commercial airliner, like a Boeing 747 is fast. A super-spy jet like the SR-71 Blackbird is much faster than that, traveling at over three times the speed of sound. So how does a deep-space probe like New Horizons, which recently flew past Pluto, compare? Thanks to this animation, you can see it’s very, very fast indeed.
Your regular commercial airliner, like a Boeing 747 is fast. A super-spy jet like the SR-71 Blackbird is much faster than that, traveling at over three times the speed of sound. So how does a deep-space probe like New Horizons, which recently flew past Pluto, compare? Thanks to this animation, you can see it’s very, very fast indeed.
Clay Bavor✔@claybavor
Flying at 37k feet, this is what it would be like to look out the window of a 747 vs. an SR-71 vs. a New Horizons.
The animation was created byClay Bavor, who works at Google in his day job. As he notes in his caption on it:
To put 36,000 mph in perspective, at that speed, you’d be able to fly from San Francisco to New York in about five minutes. Of course, you’d also be turned into a ball of searing hot plasma.
I guess we should be happy, then, that New Horizons wasn’t going at crazy speeds through our own atmosphere.
In case you can’t read the words on the video above because you’re illiterate (in which case HOW ARE YOU READING THESE WORDS), a 747 typically cruises somewhere around 550 miles per hour, the SR-71 was claimed to have hit 2,700 MPH, but New Horizons is zooming through space at a staggering 36,000 MPH.
In fact, part of the reason why New Horizons didn’t stop and orbit Pluto is because it’s just so damn fast. Part of the reason for that is because NASA wanted it to get to Pluto in a reasonable amount of time, but I suspect that most of the reason for that is because we’ve all grown up wanting to know how fast we could shoot something into the sky. And when you’re NASA, your idea of shooting something into the sky includes a gravity assist from Jupiter.
De bolvormige sterrenhoop is simpelweg al te vol… met sterren.
Eén plek in het enorme universum kunnen we dus alweer van de lijst afstrepen. In de jacht naar bewoonbare exoplaneten leek Omega Centauri in eerste instantie best een goede optie. Maar nee, de hoop op leven is vervlogen.
OP ZOEK NAAR LEVEN
Onderzoekers zijn al lange tijd op zoek naar leven in het universum dat lijkt op het onze. Hoewel buitenaardse beschavingen op dit moment nog niet gevonden zijn, zou een boodschap van aliens daar weleens verandering in kunnen brengen. Maar wat zouden we eigenlijk moeten doen met het eerste bericht van aliens? De discussie barst los.
Omega Centauri Omega Centauri is de grootste bolvormige sterrenhoop in de Melkweg. Hij heeft een dicht opeengepakt cluster van sterren, naar schatting komen er zo’n 10 miljoen voor. Het cluster is ‘slechts’ 16.000 lichtjaren van de aarde verwijderd en is hierdoor met het blote oog zelfs zichtbaar. Omdat Omega Centauri relatief dichtbij staat, is hij een goed doelwit voor observaties met de Hubble ruimtetelescoop. “Omdat dit type cluster van compacte sterren overal in het universum bestaat, is het een interessante plaats om te zoeken naar leven,” zegt hoofdauteur Stephen Kane.
Sterren Het onderzoek begon met het bekijken van zo’n 470.000 sterren in alle kleuren van de regenboog, die in de kern van Omega Centauri vertoeven. 350.000 hiervan vonden de onderzoekers voornamelijk interessant. Hun kleur – de graadmeter voor hun temperatuur en leeftijd – betekent dat ze mogelijk leven zouden kunnen herbergen. Voor elke ster berekende de onderzoekers vervolgens de leefbare zone. Dit is de zone rond elke ster waarin een rotsachtige planeet mogelijk over vloeibaar water kan beschikken – een belangrijk ingrediënt voor leven zoals we dat kennen. Omdat de meeste sterren in de kern van Omega Centauri rode dwergen zijn, zijn hun leefbare zones veel dichterbij dan die rond onze eigen, grotere zon.
Leven Het idee dat er eventueel bewoonbare planeten in Omega Centauri zouden zijn, is op zichzelf geen gekke gedachte. “In de kern van Omega Centauri konden mogelijk ontelbare compacte planetaire systemen bestaan, die bewoonbare planeten herbergen,” zegt Kane. “Een voorbeeld van zo’n systeem is TRAPPIST-1, een miniatuurversie van ons eigen zonnestelsel, dat op dit moment wordt beschouwd als een van de meest veelbelovende plekken om te zoeken naar buitenaards leven.”
Maar uiteindelijk dwong de stampensvolle groep sterren in Omega Centauri tot de conclusie dat dergelijke planetaire systemen niet in de kern van het cluster kunnen bestaan. Onze eigen zon is zo’n 4,22 lichtjaren van zijn naaste buur verwijderd, terwijl de gemiddeld afstand tussen de sterren in de kern van Omega Centauri 0,16 lichtjaar is. Dat betekent dat er ongeveer één keer in de miljoen jaar een ontmoeting zou plaatsvinden tussen naastgelegen sterren. “De snelheid waarmee sterren door zwaartekracht met elkaar in contact komen zou te hoog zijn om stabiele, bewoonbare planeten te herbergen,” concludeert onderzoeker Sarah Deveny. Het bestuderen van bolvormige clusters met minder sterren zou dus kunnen betekenen dat de kans op het vinden van stabiele bewoonbare planeten wat groter is.
Rand van zonnestelsel mogelijk voorgoed veranderd door ontmoeting met andere ster
Rand van zonnestelsel mogelijk voorgoed veranderd door ontmoeting met andere ster
Vivian Lammerse
Een zonachtige ster zou miljarden jaren geleden ons zonnestelsel verstoord hebben.
Deze hypothese van onderzoekers van het Max Planck Instituut kan een hoop opvallende kenmerken van het buitenste deel van het zonnestelsel goed verklaren. Hoe zit het bijvoorbeeld met de lagere massadichtheid aan de rand van het zonnestelsel? En waarom hebben sommige planeten zo’n vreemde baan? Een indringende ster zou hier weleens wat mee te maken kunnen hebben.
ONTMOETINGEN
Ontmoetingen van sterren zoals beschreven in de studie zijn erg zeldzaam. Echter, sterren zoals onze zon worden in de meeste gevallen geboren in grote groepen sterren, die veel dichter op elkaar zijn gepakt. Daarom kwamen scheervluchten van sterren in het verre verleden wat vaker voor. De onderzoekers ontdekten dat de kans op een dergelijke scheervlucht in de eerste miljard jaar van het leven van de zon, zo’n 20 tot 30 procent was.
Zonnestelsel Ons zonnestelsel vormde zich miljarden jaren terug. En onze zon is waarschijnlijk ongeveer tegelijkertijd ontstaan uit een enorme gaswolk. Tijdens dit proces ontstond er een vlakke schijf, waar niet alleen grotere planeten zich vormden, maar ook kleinere objecten zoals planetoïden en dwergplaneten.
Opvallende kenmerken Vanwege de vlakheid van de schijf zou je verwachten dat de baan van de planeten rond is. En als we kijken tot Neptunus, dan lijkt dat ook het geval. De meeste planeten hebben vrij ronde banen en hun orbitale hellingen variëren slechts in een geringe mate. Maar na Neptunus wordt het allemaal wat rommeliger. Neem bijvoorbeeld de dwergplaneet Sedna. Deze beweegt in een hellende, zeer excentrische baan. Daarnaast is Sedna het verst gelegen lid in ons zonnestelsel. Net buiten de baan van Neptunus gebeurt er nog iets vreemds. De cumulatieve massa van alle objecten daar daalt namelijk drastisch met bijna drie ordes van grootte.
Verklaring Hoe zijn deze afwijkingen te verklaren? De nieuwe studie suggereert dat miljarden jaren terug een ster de pasgeboren zon naderde en vervolgens het meeste van het buitenste materiaal van de protoplanetaire schijf wegkaapte. Het overgebleven materiaal bleef achter in hellende en excentrische banen. Tot deze conclusie kwamen de onderzoekers niet gemakkelijk. Ze voerden duizenden computersimulaties uit om te controleren wat voor effect een ster zou hebben als hij dichtbij de schijf in de buurt zou komen en de boel zou verstoren. De ster had waarschijnlijk dezelfde massa als onze zon en vloog voorbij op ongeveer 3 keer de afstand tot Neptunus.
De hypothese verklaart niet alleen de vreemde banen van objecten aan de rand van het zonnestelsel, maar biedt daarnaast ook een natuurlijke verklaring voor sommige andere opvallende kenmerken. Bijvoorbeeld de massaverhouding tussen Neptunus en Uranus en het bestaan van twee verschillende kuipergordel objecten.
“Het is belangrijk dat we alle mogelijkheden over de vorming van het buitenste deel van ons zonnestelsel afgaan,” zegt co-auteur Pedro Lacerda. “En hoewel we steeds meer informatie verkrijgen, is er nog veel bewegingsruimte binnen verschillende theorieën. Onze hypothese laat echter zien dat veel van wat we op dit moment weten, verklaard kan worden door iets simpels als een stellaire scheervlucht van een ster.” Hoewel de theorie relatief realistisch is, geeft het nog geen definitief bewijs dat de ster daadwerkelijk de opvallende kenmerken aan de rand van ons zonnestelsel heeft veroorzaakt. Daarom moet het vooral worden beschouwd als een optie, die de vorming van het buitenste gedeelte van het zonnestelsel op een andere manier kan verklaren.
Anew study has finally offered an explanation for Jupiter’s trippy colors and unusual swirls. These gaseous swirls have become the most recognizable aspect of the giant planet but also one of its most puzzling features. A team of scientists says they now understand what causes the planet’s distinctive color bands and why these swirls behave the way they do.
Astrophysicists Navid Constantinou and Jeffrey Parker have put forward a new theory that Jupiter’s jet streams, which control the flow of gasses around the planet’s outer atmosphere, are actually cut off and shaped by magnetized gasses from below Jupiter’s surface. Their findings were published in The Astrophysical Journal on Thursday.
Jupiter
Scientists have known that the colorful stripes of ammonia clouds that shape Jupiter’s look are guided by jet streams, or strong wind bands that sweep the gaseous planet. On the surface, these jet streams behave similarly to those on Earth’s atmosphere, but take on a different functionality below Jupiter’s atmospheric clouds. Thanks to the latest measurements from NASA’s Juno mission, which arrived at Jupiter on July 2016, scientists discovered these jet streams extend 3,000 kilometers (roughly 1,800 miles) deep before stopping abruptly, leaving Constantinou and Parker to wonder what causes such an exact end.
To get to the bottom of these jet streams, Constantinou and Parker created a mathematical model based on what is known about Earth’s own jet streams and weather patterns. Jupiter, which mostly consists of hydrogen and helium, experiences intense gas pressure below its surface which can force the electrons loose from hydrogen and helium molecules. Once these molecules are free to move around, they create electric and magnetic fields. And it just so happens that Jupiter doesn’t experience that level of pressure until the gas reaches 3,000 below the surface, precisely where the jet streams stop.
The team found that these jet streams flow to dictate the trippy patterns on Jupiter’s surface and end precisely at 3,000 kilometers due to pressurized magnetic fields. These magnetic fluctuations then influence the patterns and movements seen from space.
Constantinou and Parker say these calculatio
ns bring scientists one step closer to unraveling the mysterious interior of the gas giant. They plan to continue studying Jupiter’s magnetic fields and hope to one day see the planet as a space laboratory and example of how atmospheric flows can work on other planets.
Wake Up, Opportunity! Engineers Have an Awesome Playlist for NASA's Sleeping Mars Rover
Wake Up, Opportunity! Engineers Have an Awesome Playlist for NASA's Sleeping Mars Rover
By Meghan Bartels, Space.com Senior Writer
An artist's depiction of one of the twin Mars Exploration Rovers, nicknamed Spirit and Opportunity. Opportunity has been offline for weeks due to low power caused by a massive dust storm. Engineers have a rockin' playlist of wake-up songs for the rover.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
Engineers with NASA's Mars Exploration Rover program have been left hanging on like a yo-yo for 61 days now, after the space agency's Opportunity rover lost power during a Martian dust storm — but they've started greeting each new Martian day the rover may call with a themed song.
On Aug. 4 — Opportunity's 5,165th day on Mars — the rover was still asleep. But mission staff at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California, hoped to inspire the robot to turn back on by playing Wham!'s "Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go" in the control room, beginning of a new tradition to wait out the storm.
"Morale has been a little shaky," Michael Staab, an engineer for the program at JPL who helped initiate the themed daily wake-up song for the humans waiting for Opportunity's long and nerve-wracking nap to end, told Space.com. "This is the first time she [Opportunity] has stopped talking to us and not resumed communication when we expected." [The Epic Mars Dust Storm of 2018 Explained]
The musical initiative in the control room isn't entirely new: Mission team members celebrated a daily wake-up song when Opportunity first landed on Mars nearly 15 years ago, in January 2004, Staab said. The rover's mission was originally planned to last just 90 days, but once it became clear that Opportunity would be staying in business on the Red Planet, the tradition faded.
Then, in May, came a dust storm to end all dust storms, which roiled around the entire planet and blotted out the sun — an awfully hazardous situation for a solar-powered robot. Opportunity hasn't produced so much as a chord, much less more substantive data, since June 10, according to NASA. (NASA's Curiosity Mars rover, by contrast, is nuclear-powered and thus has not suffered the same ill effects from the dust storm as the Opportunity rover.)
"That's a long time to not hear from your rover, and we don't know what it's doing," Staab said. And the engineers are feeling the change. "We still have things to do; we still have work to get done. But it's definitely slowed down a bit."
So mission team members have seized a few opportunities to keep their spirits up, Staab said. An informal betting pool is tracking guesses of when the rover will finally call home — dates range from early July to mid-September.
And they've started building a themed playlist to mark each new Martian day in the control room. For instance, Opportunity didn't respond as the team listened to Kansas' "Dust in the Wind" — although the band itself did. "The band actually reached out and was really excited that we were using one of their songs to wake up a Mars rover," Staab said. (We've gathered all the songs the team has already listened to while waiting for the rover, plus future options they're considering, in a Spotify playlist in case you'd like to listen along.)
Opportunity didn't chime in as its controllers listened to The Beatles' "Here Comes the Sun" or Elton John's "Rocket Man," either, but the engineers aren't out of songs yet. "We'll just keep playing until she decides to talk to us," Staab said.
Maybe in the coming days the opening line "Hello, I've waited here for you everlong" will be the magic charm that revives (robotic) "Life on Mars," music fans on the team hope.
Although the dust storm has been clearing for about two weeks, NASA can't tell how long it might take Opportunity's batteries to charge up enough for the rover to finally call its humans — or whether Opportunity will sleep forever, for that matter.
"It could take weeks — hopefully not months," Staab said. "I wish we had something to share; I wish we had good news. But we keep listening every day."
And, fingers crossed, the rover will take to heart another upcoming suggestion: Gloria Gaynor's "I Will Survive."
High-Energy Whodunit: The Origins of the 'OMG Particle'
High-Energy Whodunit: The Origins of the 'OMG Particle'
By Paul Sutter, Astrophysicist
Gamma-ray bursts from distant stars, as shown in this artist's illustration, are one possible source of the ultra-powerful "OMG particles" that occasionally hit scientists' detectors on Earth.
Right now, as you read this very text, your DNA is getting sliced up by tiny, invisible bullets. The damage-dealers are known as cosmic rays, even though they are absolutely not rays — but the name stuck from a historical misunderstanding. Instead, they're particles: electrons and protons, mostly, but occasionally heavier things like helium or even iron nuclei.
These cosmic particles are trouble, because a) they're fast, and so have a lot of kinetic energy to toss around and b) they're electrically charged. This means they can ionize our poor DNA nucleotides, ripping them apart and occasionally leading to uncontrollable replication errors (aka, cancer). ['Superstar' Eta Carinae Acts Like a Ginormous Cosmic-Ray Gun, But Why?]
As if this wasn't bad enough, every once in a while, roughly once per square kilometer per year, a particle comes screaming into our upper atmosphere at truly monstrous speed, knocking against a hapless nitrogen or oxygen molecule and cascading into a shower of lower-energy (but still deadly, of course) secondary particles.
There's only one appropriate response when confronted with a particle of such preposterous potential: "OMG."
Fastballs
"OMG" was the nickname given to the first example of what are now known as ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, detected in 1991 by the University of Utah's Fly's Eye cosmic ray detector. That single proton slammed into our atmosphere going roughly 99.99999999999999999999951 percent the speed of light. And no, all those nines aren't just for dramatic effect to make the number look impressive — it really was that fast. This particle had the same amount of kinetic energy as a decently thrown baseball … compressed down into an object the size of a proton.
That means this particle had over 10 million times more energy than what our most powerful particle collider, the LHC, can produce. Due to relativistic time dilation, at that speed, the OMG particle could travel to our nearest neighbor star, Proxima Centauri, in 0.43 milliseconds of the particle's own time. It could continue on to our galactic core by the time you've finished reading this sentence (from its own perspective).
OMG, indeed.
Since that particle's detection, we've continued to watch the skies for these extreme events using specialized telescopes and detectors across the world. All told, we've recorded around a hundred of the OMG-class particles in the past few decades.
Those few dozen examples both elucidate and deepen the mysteries of their origins. More data is always good, but what the heck in our universe is powerful enough to give a proton a good enough crack that it could almost — almost — challenge light itself to a race?
Knuckleballs
To accelerate a charged particle to insane velocities, you need two key ingredients: a lot of energy and a magnetic field. The magnetic field does the work of transferring to the particle whatever energies are in your event (say, the explosive kinetic energy of a supernova blast or the swirling gravitational pull as matter falls toward a black hole). The detailed physics are, naturally, incredibly complicated and not very well-understood. The birthplaces of cosmic rays are frightfully complicated and located in extreme regions of our universe, so a complete physical picture is going to be hard to come by.
But we can still make some educated guesses as to where extreme examples like our friend the OMG particle come from. Our first guess might be supernovas, the titanic deaths of massive stars. Magnetic fields? Check. A lot of energy? Check. But not quite enough energy to do the trick. Your garden-variety stellar detonation just doesn't have enough raw oomph to spit out particles at the speeds we're considering.
What's next? Active galactic nuclei are strong contenders. These nuclei are created as matter swirls to its doom around a supermassive black hole situated in the center of a galaxy; that material compresses and heats up, forming an accretion disk in its final moments. That twisting inferno generates intense magnetic fields from dynamo actions, forming the potent mixture of ingredients necessary to add some serious horsepower to ejected particles.
Except (and you knew there was going to be an "except"), the active galactic nuclei are too far away to produce cosmic rays that reach Earth. At the ludicrous speeds of an ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, cruising through the cosmos is more like trying to plow through a blizzard. That's because at those speeds the cosmic microwave background — the flood of low-energy photons left over from the very early universe — appears highly blueshifted toward higher energies. So, that high-intensity light smacks and swats at the traveling cosmic ray, slowing and eventually stopping it.
Thus, we shouldn't expect the most powerful cosmic rays to travel any farther than a hundred million light-years or so — and most of the active galactic nuclei are much, much farther from us than that.
Curveballs
For quite a while, a prime suspect for OMG generation was Centaurus A, a relatively nearby active galactic nucleus that sits somewhere between 10 million and 16 million light-years away. Powerful, magnetic and close — the perfect combo. But while some surveys have hinted that cosmic rays may come from its general direction, there's never been a clear enough correlation to tmove that galaxy from suspect to convict. [A Deep Look at the Strange Galaxy Centaurus A]
Part of the problem is that the Milky Way’s own magnetic field subtly alters the trajectory of incoming cosmic rays, disguising their original directions. So, to reconstruct the source of a cosmic ray, you also need models for the strength and directions of our galaxy's magnetic field — something we don't exactly have a full handle on.
If the OMG generator is not Centaurus A by itself, then perhaps it's the Seyfert galaxies, a certain galactic subclass of generally closer, generally weaker (but still insanely bright and strong) active galactic nuclei. But again, with not even a hundred samples to draw on, it's hard to make a rigorous statistical determination.
Perhaps it's gamma-ray bursts, thought to emanate from the peculiar cataclysmic end to some of the most extreme stars. But our understanding of the physics of that situation is (can you believe it?) kinda sketchy.
Perhaps it's something more exotic, like topological defects from the earliest moments of the Big Bang or some funky interactions within dark matter. Maybe we're getting physics wrong and our distance-limit calculations aren't accurate. Maybe, maybe, maybe…
The true origins of these ultra-high-energy "OMG" particles are tough to pin down, and despite almost 30 years of detection history, we don't have a lot of firm answers. Which is fine — it's good to have at least some mysteries left in the universe. Astrophysicists could use some job security, too.
Le radiotélescope Alma, perché à 5.000 m dans le désert de l'Atacama, au Chili, épie les signaux radio venus de très loin, émis il y a des milliards d'années par les premières galaxies du jeune univers. Car regarder loin, c'est regarder dans le passé...
La lumière ayant une vitesse finie (environ 300.000 km/s), elle met un certain temps à nous parvenir. Ainsi, nos yeux ne voient donc jamais le monde tel qu'il est mais tel qu'il était dans le passé. Pour notre environnement immédiat, ce délai n'a pas de conséquences, si ce n'est sur le plan philosophique. Le décalage de temps n'est alors mesurable qu'avec des instruments de très grande précision.
Il en va tout autrement en astronomie. Ainsi la Lune est en moyenne à 380.000 km de nous et la lumière qu'elle nous renvoie met donc un peu plus d'une seconde pour nous parvenir. On dira que la Lune est à environ 1 seconde-lumière. Le Soleil, lui, se trouve à 8 minutes-lumière : nous le voyons tel qu'il était 8 minutes auparavant.
Alma observe les premières galaxies de l'univers
Les étoiles, elles, se trouvent bien plus loin, à des années-lumière, et les autres galaxies sont plus éloignées encore. La plus proche de notre Voie lactée, dite d'Andromède, se trouve à 2,55 millions d'années-lumière. Pour les plus lointaines, les distances se mesurent en milliards d'années-lumière. Les observer revient donc à regarder très loin dans le passé. L'univers étant âgé de 13,7 milliards d'années, nous voyons donc les galaxies les plus lointaines telles qu'elles étaient au début de l'histoire de notre monde : ce sont les premières à s'être formées, ce qui nous renseigne sur la jeunesse de l'univers.
Cependant, le signal qui nous en parvient est très faible. De plus, par effet Doppler-Fizeau, ce rayonnement est décalé vers les grandes longueurs d'onde et c'est dans le domaine radio que l'on obtient les plus fortes émissions. Voilà pourquoi les astronomes ont réalisé des « radiotélescopes » et les ont voulus de plus en plus grands, à l'instar d'Alma (Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array), de l'ESO. Ce vaste ensemble de 66 antennes paraboliques de 12 m de diamètre, installé à environ 5.000 m d'altitude, sur le haut plateau du désert de l'Atacama, au Chili, est si sensible qu'il peut recueillir des signaux venus des premiers âges de l'univers.
En lisant cet article, vous êtes déjà en train de voyager dans le temps. Vous êtes 40 secondes dans le futur depuis le début de cet article. Nous sommes tous en train de voyager dans le temps, tout le temps. Mais je vous l’accorde, ce type de voyage dans le temps est aussi peu impressionnant qu’ennuyeux. J’imagine que vous voulez voyager dans le temps par rapport à d’autres personnes.
Voyage temporel n°2 : marcher
On sait depuis plus d’un siècle que le temps et l’espace sont juste deux composants d’un seul temps spatial. Plus on se dé place vite, et plus le temps passe lentement. Si vous faite le tour de votre pâté de maison (100 mètres de côté), vous serez 3 femtosecondes plus jeune que votre ami resté à la maison ! Et ça c’est déjà la classe !
Voyage temporel n°3 : se lever
On sait également depuis plus d’un siècle, que plus la gravité est forte et plus le temps passe lentement. En vous levant, vous êtes plus éloigné du centre de la Terre. Ainsi la gravité est plus faible au niveau de votre tête qu’au niveau de vos pieds. En vous tenant debout pendant une minute, vos pieds sont plus vieux de 10 femtosecondes que votre tête ! Les satellites GPS subissent encore moins de gravité et ils voyagent vraiment plus vite dans le temps que nous. C’est pourquoi leur horloge sont calibrées pour fonctionner plus lentement.
Evidence Suggests the Moon Isn’t What We Think – Someone Might Have Put It There NAAM: Kolom1 Kolom2 Kolom3 Kolom5 Kolom6 Contract OK Kolom23 Kolom8 Kolom9 Kolom10 Kolom11 Ko
Evidence Suggests the Moon Isn’t What We Think – Someone Might Have Put It There
"It is not out of the question that artifacts of these visits still exist, or even that some kind of base is maintained (possibly automatically) within the solar system to provide continuity for successive expeditions.
"Because of weathering and the possibility of detection and interference by the inhabitants of the Earth, it would be preferable not to erect such a base on the Earth’s surface. The Moon seems one reasonable alternative. Forthcoming high resolution photographic reconnaissance of the Moon from space vehicles – particularly of the back side – might bear these possibilities in mind."
Controversy has surrounded the Moon for a very long time, we have leaks, research and information from some very credible sources who have, over a span of decades, been relaying to the public that our Moon is not what we think it is, and that there’s also some type of extraterrestrial presence on the Moon.
One example would be the testimony of Colonel Ross Dedrickson, who was responsible for maintaining the inventory of the nuclear weapon stockpile for the United States, he had a long stint with the US Atomic Energy Commission, you can view his obituary here.
These were some interesting comments because he is one of the hundreds of high ranking military people who have alluded to such things, and we also have a declassified report by the Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center from June 1959 that shows how seriously they were considering the plan, called Project A119.
We know for a fact that they wanted to investigate the capability of weapons in space, and if they did, we also know that we would never be told, similar to the testing that goes on here on planet Earth.
Then, we have remote viewers from the STAR GATE program who have ‘seen’ strange structures and humanoid creatures on the Moon, like Ingo Swann (from his book, titled Penetration), for example.
He wasn’t the only one from the program who did, I have personally had conversations with Dr. Paul Smith, a retired army veteran who spent a decade in that program, he also relayed to me that something strange is happening on the Moon. Many from within that program have been very outspoken about an extraterrestrial presence.
You can read more about the remote viewing program here. We’ve published numerous articles about it.
Multiple whistleblowers have also spoken of strange structures on the Moon, and it’s become so obvious that some academicians are trying to do what they can to bring attention to it.
For example, a recently published a paper in the Journal of Space Exploration about certain features on the far side of the Moon that appear in the crater Paracelsus C. Titled “Image Analysis of Unusual Structures on the Far Side of the Moon in the Crater Paracelsus C,” it argues that these features might be artificial in origin, meaning someone other than a human being built them and put them there.
It’s not just the Moon, a physicist from the University of Tennessee Space Institute, Dr. Horace Crater, recently published a paper in The Journal of Space Exploration that, along with the NASA Viking images, hints “strongly at artificial surface interventions.”
The list is long, and the idea that somebody else is on the moon is nothing new, even the Deputy Manager for the Clementine Mission to the moon in 1995 said it was really a photo reconnaissance mission to check out structures on the far side of the Moon that wasn’t put there by humans…
But this article is not about what’s on the moon, it’s about what exactly the Moon is.
It’s also noteworthy to mention that the United States has been criticized by Russia for concealing artifacts they collected from the Moon.
Moon Made by Giant Impact with Earth - New Evidence | Video
What is the Moon?
"Perhaps strangest of all the anomalies are the many indications that the moon may be hollow. Studies of moon rocks indicate that the moon’s interoior differs from the Earth’s mantle in ways suggesting a very small core or none at all. A 1962 study found the interior of the moon to be less dense that the exterior."
Is the moon hollow? Many intellectual minds seem to think so, but despite what’s really being talked about, these theories are still considered unconventional by the mainstream, who like to push their own theories and teach them as fact.
Perhaps the reason why the US has not disclosed their artefacts from the moon, including all of the rocks, is because from what we do have, studies of moon rocks have shown that the Moon’s interior is far different from the Earth’s mantle which suggests a very small core, or, no core at all.
In 1962 Gordon MacDonald, a NASA scientist, published a study that stated, “Indeed, it would seem that the Moon is more like a hollow than a homogeneous sphere.”
According to MIT’s Sean C. Solomon, “The Lunar Orbiter experiments vastly improved our knowledge of the Moon’s gravitational field…indicating the frightening possibility that the Moon might be hollow.”
"The most startling evidence that the moon could be hollow came on November 20, 1969, when the Apollo 12 crew, after returning to their command ship, sent the lunar module (LM) ascent stage crashing back onto the moon, creating an artificial moon quake.
"The LM struck the surface about forty miles from the Apollo 12 landing site, where super sensitive seismic equipment recorded something both unexpected and astounding – the moon reverberated like a bell for more than an hour."
Frank Press of MIT stated, "…none of us have seen anything like this on Earth. In all our experience, it is quite an extraordinary event. That this rather small impact…produced a signal which lasted 30 minutes is quite beyond the range of our experience."
How Did The Moon Get To Where It Is?
Conventional wisdom tells us that yes, the Moon may have originated elsewhere and at some point came to orbit our planet. It tells us that it was formed from debris after a space object smashed into Earth, while another theory states that Earth captured the Moon via its gravitational pull when it was wandering through the solar system…
Despite that our current theories are accepted as fact, there is absolutely no evidence for the conventional hypothesis. According to Russian scientist Isaac Asimov, an American writer and professor of biochemistry at Boston University,
"It’s too big to have been captured by the Earth. The chances of such a capture having been effected and the Moon then having taken up nearly circular orbit around our Earth are too small to make such an eventuality credible."
Asimov also emphasized that,
"We cannot help but come to the conclusion that the Moon, by rights, ought not to be there. The fact that it is, is one of those strokes of luck almost too good to accept."
This article offered another explanation for how the Moon may have been created. This seems to be a better hypothesis because there is actually a considerable amount of evidence that points towards something suspicious happening on the Moon.
"It’s easier to explain the non-existence for the Moon, than it’s existence."
– NASA scientist Robin Brett
"The best explanation for the Moon is observational error – the Moon doesn’t exist."
– Irwin Shapiro, Harvard Astrophysicist
Think about it… The Moon is in a nearly perfect circle, when it comes to its origin, all the while being synchronized with its period of revolution, so one side always faces the Earth.
As Mars points out,
"This circular orbit is especially odd, considering that the moon’s center of mass lies more than a mile closer to the Earth than its geometric center. This fact alone should produce an unstable, wobbly orbit, much as a ball with its mass off-center will not roll in a straight line."
Were The Sumerians On To Something?
Many within this field are really into ancient Greek, and ancient Sumerian lore. Take Apollo 12 astronaut, Al Worden, for example, who made some very interesting comments about the Sumerians as well as extraterrestrial life in a live interview you can watch here.
In the late 1960’s, a senior scientist from the Planetary Science Institute, William Kenneth Harmann, stated he believes that the Moon results from a collision between Earth and another body at least the size of mars. This became known at the Big Whack theory, and it correlated to the story told in ancient Sumerian tablets…
According to several interpretations of Sumerian tablets, most notably from Zecharia Sitchin, more than 4 billion years ago, a large watery world called Tiamat was in orbit between Mars and Jupiter.
Nibiru, a planet that supposedly enters into our solar system once every 3,600 years, caused Tiamat to crack under gravitational stress. Tiamat was cracked in half when one of Nibiru’s moon’s knocked into it, which also knocked a large portion of mars.
This is very interesting because recently scientists have confirmed that Mars used to be a very watery world, an Earth-like planet. There is even large amounts of evidence for ancient life on Mars before what appears to be a dramatic climate shift. Scientists hypothesize that the climate shift was a result of a large collision… The larger chunk of Tiamat became planet Earth.
So, it’s interesting to make that connection.
Back to the Moon!
"It’s important to remember that something had to put the moon at or near its present circular pattern around the Earth. Just as an Apollo space-craft circling the Earth every 90 minutes while 100 miles high has to have a velocity of roughly 18,000 miles per hour to stay in orbit, so something had to give the moon the precisely required velocity for its weight and altitude…
"The point – and it is one seldom noted in considering the origin of the moon – is that it is extremely unlikely that any object would just stumble into the right combination of factors required to stay in orbit. ‘Something’ had to put the moon at its altitude, on its course and at its speed. The question is: what was that ‘something?"
– Mars
It’s hard to believe that the precise and stationary orbit of the moon is simply a coincidence …
"Is it also a coincidence that the moon is at just the right distance from Earth to completely cover the sun during an eclipse? While the diameter of the moon is a mere 2,160, miles against the sun’s gigantic 864,000 miles, it is nevertheless in just the proper position to block out all but the sun’s flaming corona when it moves between the sun and Earth."
– Mars
According to Asimov,
"There is no astronomical reason why the Moon and the sun should fit so well. It is the sheerest of coincidences, and only the Earth among all the planets is blessed in this fashion."
With all of the evidence that has surfaced showing an extraterrestrial presence on the Moon, to me, the spaceship theory proposed by Michael Vasin and Alexander Scherbakov (mentioned above) makes the most sense.
According to Mars,
"The spaceship-moon theory may come closer than any other in reconciling the contradictions inherent in the origin and amazing orbit of the moon. However, such a consideration is supposed to be outside the discussion of educated and rational people.
"The circular logic of conventional science regarding the origins of the moon runs something like this: We know that extraterrestrials don’t exist, but we do know that the moon exists and has been mentioned throughout human history. We humans did not create it nor place it in orbit around Earth, it must have been done by extraterrestrials. But because we know they don’t exists, we will simply call it an anomaly and will not publicly say any more about."
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 67 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
Alexander Gerst ✔@Astro_Alex
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