Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 13 YEARS.
ON 06/06/2024 MORE THAN 2.056.610
VISITORS FROM 134 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
30-04-2019
It's Time to Get Serious About Asteroid Threats, NASA Chief Says
It's Time to Get Serious About Asteroid Threats, NASA Chief Says
NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine had been a congressional representative for just one month when a large asteroid fell through the atmosphere and exploded over the Russian city of Chelyabinsk, flashing brighter in the sky than the sun — and that experience has clearly stuck with him.
Bridenstine spoke about that impact and the importance of using the science of planetary defense to protect against future similar impacts during introductory comments today (April 29) at the International Academy of Astronautics' 2019 Planetary Defense Conference held in College Park, Maryland.
"We have to make sure that people understand that this is not about Hollywood, it's not about movies," Bridenstine said, referencing the so-called "giggle factor" that he believes causes the public to write off the severity of the risk from an asteroid impact. "This is about ultimately protecting the only planet we know right now to host life, and that is the planet Earth."
Bridenstine also pointed to two ongoing asteroid missions, the Japanese Hayabusa2 spacecraft visiting Ryugu and NASA's own OSIRIS-REx probe at Bennu. Both are science missions; NASA's first-ever planetary defense mission will be the Double Asteroid Redirection Test, or DART, scheduled to launch in 2022. But Bridenstine argued that both Hayabusa2 and OSIRIS-REx will still provide vital information and proof-of-concept for planetary defense work merely by conducting science work.
"So, that's why we do those missions," he said. "Yes, it's about science, it's about discovery, it's about exploration, but one of the reasons we do those missions is so that we can characterize those objects to protect, again, the only planet we know to host life."
An artist's conception of the planet HD 219134b, one of the nearest rocky exoplanets to our solar system. This planet, which is about 1.6 times as big as Earth, is blazing hot, with a partially molten surface.
Recent exoplanet surveys suggest that there might bethousands of Earth-like worldsin other solar systems, just waiting to be discovered. It's too bad that their atmospheres — and, with them, any hope of sustaining life — were probably obliterated by their local stars.
That's the ruthless takeaway of a new study published April 19 in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics, anyway. In the new paper, a team of European researchers created a computer model to simulate atmosphere formation on Earth-like planets orbiting around hot, young stars. Because young suns tend to emit extremely high amounts of X-rays and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, most potentially habitable exoplanets would likely see their atmospheres obliterated within 1 million years of the planet's birth. [9 Scientific Excused For Why We Haven't Found Aliens Yet]
"An Earth-like atmosphere cannot form when the planet is orbiting within the habitable zone of a very active star," the researchers wrote in the study. "Instead, such an atmosphere can only form after the activity of the star has decreased to a much lower level."
When astronomers talk about the activity of a star, they're referring to the amount of radiation emitted. Not unlike humans and puppies, young stars tend to be highly active, then significantly decrease their activity levels as they age. The precise activity levels at different ages depend on the star's mass.
In the case of M-dwarf stars — which are slightly smaller than Earth's sun and believed to be the dominant type of star in nearby solar systems — it can take several billion years before solar activity diminishes to levels comparable to Earth's sun today. In that time, the researchers found, any exoplanet orbiting in the habitable zone around such a star would be bombarded with so much radiation that there would be little chance of an atmosphere surviving the first 100,000 years.
As a result, most Earth-like exoplanets detected around M-dwarf stars in nearby solar systems probably have very thin atmospheres or none at all, the researchers concluded, leaving the surfaces of those planets exposed to the punishing effects of solar radiation. Unfortunately, that means life on even the most habitable-looking planets might be rarer than previously thought.
Here's Why The Idea of Alien Life Now Seems Inevitable And Possibly Imminent
CATHAL D. O'CONNELL, THE CONVERSATION
Extraterrestrial life, that familiar science-fiction trope, that kitschy fantasy, that CGI nightmare, has become a matter of serious discussion, a "risk factor", a "scenario".
Because, following a string of remarkable discoveries over the past two decades, the idea of alien life is not as far-fetched as it used to seem.
Discovery now seems inevitable and possibly imminent.
It's just chemistry
While life is a special kind of complex chemistry, the elements involved are nothing special: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and so on are among the most abundant elements in the universe. Complex organic chemistry is surprisingly common.
Habitable planets seem to be common too. The first planet beyond our Solar System was discovered in 1995. Since then astronomers have catalogued thousands.
Based on this catalogue, astronomers from the University of California, Berkeley worked out there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized exoplanets in the so-called "habitable zone" around their star, where temperatures are mild enough for liquid water to exist on the surface.
There's even a potentially Earth-like world orbiting our nearest neighbouring star, Proxima Centauri. At just four light years away, that system might be close enough for us to reach using current technology. With the Breakthrough Starshot project launched by Stephen Hawking in 2016, plans for this are already afoot.
Life is robust
It seems inevitable other life is out there, especially considering that life appeared on Earth so soon after the planet was formed.
The oldest fossils ever found here are 3.5 billion years old, while clues in our DNA suggest life could have started as far back as 4 billion years ago, just when giant asteroids stopped crashing into the surface.
Our planet was inhabited as soon as it was habitable – and the definition of "habitable" has proven to be a rather flexible concept too.
Life survives in all manner of environments that seem hellish to us:
Besides Earth and Mars, at least two other places in our Solar System might be inhabited. Jupiter's moon Europa and Saturn's moon Enceladus are both frozen ice worlds, but the gravity of their colossal planets is enough to churn up their insides, melting water to create vast subglacial seas.
In 2017, specialists in sea ice from the University of Tasmania concluded that some Antarctic microbes could feasibly survive on these worlds. Both Europa and Enceladus have undersea hydrothermal vents, just like those on Earth where life may have originated.
When a NASA probe tasted the material geysered into space out of Enceladus last June it found large organic molecules. Possibly there was something living among the spray; the probe just didn't have the right tools to detect it.
Russian billionaire Yuri Milner has been so enthused by this prospect, he wants to help fund a return mission.
A second genesis?
A discovery, if it came, could turn the world of biology upside down.
All life on Earth is related, descended ultimately from the first living cell to emerge some 4 billion years ago.
Bacteria, fungus, cacti and cockroaches are all our cousins and we all share the same basic molecular machinery: DNA that makes RNA, and RNA that makes protein.
A second sample of life, though, might represent a "second genesis" – totally unrelated to us. Perhaps it would use a different coding system in its DNA. Or it might not have DNA at all, but some other method of passing on genetic information.
By studying a second example of life, we could begin to figure out which parts of the machinery of life are universal, and which are just the particular accidents of our primordial soup.
Perhaps amino acids are always used as essential building blocks, perhaps not.
We might even be able to work out some universal laws of biology, the same way we have for physics – not to mention new angles on the question of the origin of life itself.
A second independent "tree of life" would mean that the rapid appearance of life on Earth was no fluke; life must abound in the universe.
It would greatly increase the chances that, somewhere among those billions of habitable planets in our galaxy, there could be something we could talk to.
Perhaps life is infectious
If, on the other hand, the discovered microbes were indeed related to us that would be a bombshell of a different kind: it would mean life is infectious.
When a large meteorite hits a planet, the impact can splash pulverised rock right out into space, and this rock can then fall onto other planets as meteorites.
Life from Earth has probably already been taken to other planets – perhaps even to the moons of Saturn and Jupiter. Microbes might well survive the trip.
In 1969, Apollo 12 astronauts retrieved an old probe that had sat on the Moon for three years in extreme cold and vacuum – there were viable bacteria still inside.
As Mars was probably habitable before Earth, it's possible life originated there before hitchhiking on a space rock to here. Perhaps we're all Martians.
Even if we never find other life in our Solar System, we might still detect it on any one of thousands of known exoplanets.
It is already possible to look at starlight filtered through an exoplanet and tell something about the composition of its atmosphere; an abundance of oxygen could be a telltale sign of life.
A testable hypothesis
The James Webb Space Telescope, planned for a 2021 launch, will be able to take these measurements for some of the Earth-like worlds already discovered.
Just a few years later will come space-based telescopes that will take pictures of these planets directly.
Using a trick a bit like the sun visor in your car, planet-snapping telescopes will be paired with giant parasols called starshades that will fly in tandem 50,000 kilometres away in just the right spot to block the blinding light of the star, allowing the faint speck of a planet to be captured.
The colour and the variability of that point of light could tell us the length of the planet's day, whether it has seasons, whether it has clouds, whether it has oceans, possibly even the colour of its plants.
The ancient question "Are we alone?" has graduated from being a philosophical musing to a testable hypothesis. We should be prepared for an answer.
This article is an edited extract from an essay, "The search for ET", in The New Disruptors, the 64th edition of Griffith Review.
Incredible video footage from Saturday shows a ‘mothership’ supercell cloud over Amarillo, Texas.
The time lapse video shows what appears to be a large cloud formed in the shape of a disc slowly glide across the sky like a spaceship.
‘This high-based, beauty of a storm was long tracked, making its way across the Panhandle for several hours,’ the person who filmed the cloud told Newsflare.
‘It created hype among the cities & towns it passed near, flooding social media with its majestic form.
Incredible video footage shows a ‘mothership’ supercell cloud over Amarillo, Texas, on Saturday
The slow-moving cloud hovered over the surface of the earth like a spaceship
‘This high-based, beauty of a storm was long tracked, making its way across the Panhandle for several hours,’ the person who filmed the cloud told Newsflare
‘I decided to get a quick time lapse of the cell as it approached, making sure the quality was as crisp as possible.’
Supercell storms are thunderstorms that are not that common, yet they are potentially the most violent.
These storms can produce hail stones that are bigger than baseballs in addition to damaging winds and even tornadoes.
Supercells form thanks to updrafts of warm and moist air which rises and condenses as well as strong downdrafts.
Warm, most air pushes upward and is rotated by strong winds.
There are three simplified thunderstorm types: the single-cell, the multicell and the supercell.
Of these, the multicell is the most common.
A supercell thunderstorm is a special storm type which maintains an intense steady-state for many hours.
Supercell storms are thunderstorms that are the least common, yet are potentially the most violent
Social media users also posted images of the supercell cloud over the weekend
This image filmed from a distance shows the cloud from another angle. Massive storm systems like this center on mesocyclones - rotating updrafts that deliver torrential rain and high winds
They are a fascinating but dangerous cloud complex.
Massive storm systems like this center on mesocyclones - rotating updrafts that deliver torrential rain and high winds.
Known as the 'mother of tornadoes', a mesocyclone can be up to six miles wide and can produce as many as 60 tornadoes.
These severe thunderstorms form where cold dry air meets warm moist tropical air.
The wind coming into the storm starts to swirl and forms a funnel.
The air in the funnel spins faster and faster and creates a very low pressure area which sucks more air - and objects - into it.
If the cyclone runs out of wet, warm surface air, it dies out.
If it does not run out of this fuel, however, the rotating cloud stretches toward the ground and may become a giant tornado.
A snapshot from a recent lunar formation model. The red points indicate material from the ocean of magma while blue dots represent material from the impactor.
Credit: Hosono, Karato, Makino, and Saitoh.
For decades, physicists have been trying to solve the mystery of the moon’s formation. Although several plausible models have been proposed, none stood out as particularly satisfying — until now. In a new study, researchers claim that our planet’s only natural satellite formed following the impact with a Mars-sized planet that ejected liquid magma from the surface of the early Earth into space. This magma solidified, along with a small proportion of the impactor’s material, to form the moon as we know it today.
Magma may be key to the moon’s formation
Most modern lunar formation models can at least agree on one thing — that the Earth formed around 4.5 billion years with the moon joining the system shortly after two protoplanets collided violently. The “Giant Impact Hypothesis” explains many features that we see today in the Earth and moon, such as their relative sizes and rotation rates. But it has a big shortcoming that flaws the whole model — the moon’s chemical composition.
We now know that most bodies in the solar system have unique chemical compositions, and so should the moon. However, lunar rocks brought home during the Apollo missions show that their isotopic fingerprint is almost identical to that of minerals from Earth.
In order to account for this major inconsistency, researchers have devised all sorts of alternative models. One of the most extravagant models proposed by physicists at the University of California, Davis and Harvard University claims that the ancestral collision turned early Earth into a giant planetary-sized donut made of vaporized rock called a “Synestia” (from “syn-,” “together” and “Hestia,” Greek goddess of architecture and structures). According to this theory, chunks of molten rock which were ejected into orbit following the impact formed the seed for the moon. Synestias likely don’t last long — not more than a couple hundred years — because they can’t sustain their heat, shrinking rapidly and finally collapsing into a molten planet. And while the Earth-synestia gradually shrank, vaporized silicate rock rained into the proto-moon, which explains how the moon inherited its composition from Earth. Another model suggests that the planet that collided into proto-Earth was rapidly spinning. Both models are plausible but unlikely. They simply involved too many “ifs”.
By comparison, the new model proposed by scientists at the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology in Yokohama and Yale University sounds closer to reality.
The researchers claim that shortly after the Earth formed, it was covered by a sea of hot magma, while the impacting object was likely made of solid material. The team performed a computer simulation showing that the impact would have heated the magma much more than solids from the impacting object. According to this simulation, the magma expands in volume and shoots into orbit to form the moon, explaining why there is much more Earth material in the lunar makeup. Even a glancing blow from the impactor would have been enough to knock more than 70% of the moon-forming debris from the magma ocean.
“In our model, about 80% of the moon is made of proto-Earth materials,” said co-author, Shun-ichiro Karato, a Yale geophysicist. “In most of the previous models, about 80% of the moon is made of the impactor. This is a big difference.”
This new model confirms previous theories about how the moon formed, without the need to propose unconventional collision conditions — but it’s not the final word on the matter either. The Japanese researchers found that the amount of debris from the impact was comparable to the current mass of the moon. Previous work, however, suggests that debris should equal about three to four times the moon’s mass. In the future, the researchers will tweak other variables such as the mass of the impactor and its rotation to see if the amount of generated debris is a better fit.
Pluto de (dwerg)planeet: astronomen en IAU debatteren over lot van het hemellichaam - HLN.be
Pluto de (dwerg)planeet: astronomen en IAU debatteren over lot van het hemellichaam - HLN.be
REUTERSPluto
WETENSCHAPIn 2006 werd de planeet Pluto door de Internationale Astronomische Unie (IAU) plots ‘gedegradeerd’ tot een dwergplaneet, groter dan andere planetoïden maar kleiner dan planeten. Een beslissing waar enkele astronomen het grondig mee oneens zijn. Zij treden vanavond in debat met de IAU over de toekomstige benaming van de (dwerg)planeet.
Pluto was tot het jaar 2006 de negende planeet van ons zonnestelsel. De planeet is - sinds de ontdekking ervan in 1930 - wel altijd een buitenbeentje geweest omdat Pluto veel kleiner was dan de acht andere planeten. Mercurius, Venus, de Aarde, Mars, Jupiter, Saturnus, Uranus en Neptunus vervolledigden het lijstje van planeten die rondjes rond de zon draaien. Al bleef Pluto gewoon rondjes rond de zon draaien, de Internationale Astronomische Unie besliste dertien jaar geleden dat de planeet niet langer voldeed aan alle drie de voorwaarden.
Getty ImagesDe zon, Mercurius, Venus, de Aarde, Mars, Jupiter, Saturnus, Uranus, Neptunus en Pluto (in volgorde).
Wat is een planeet?
Over welke voorwaarden het dan gaat? De eerste voorwaarde werd hierboven reeds vermeld: een planeet draait in een baan rond de zon. Ten tweede is een planeet een object dat door zijn eigen zwaartekracht bolvormig is: een vinkje voor Pluto.
De derde voorwaarde was echter het breekpunt voor Pluto als planeet. Een planeet moet zich immers in een baan rond een ster bevinden waar het de omgeving van zijn eigen baan heeft schoongeveegd van andere objecten. Daar is Pluto jammer genoeg niet groot genoeg voor.
Nieuwe definitie
“Maar”, zegt planetair wetenschapper Alan Stern die NASA’s onbemande New Horizons-missie naar Pluto leidde, “er moet een nieuwe definitie gehanteerd worden om planeten te omschrijven.” De oppervlakte van Pluto bestaat immers uit valleien en andere complexe structuren zoals waterijs: stuk voor stuk geologische eigenschappen die meer lijken op die van een planeet dan die van een dwergplaneet.
Dwergplaneten
Bijna, maar net niet: dat is een dwergplaneet. De objecten die aan twee van de drie voorwaarden van een planeet voldoen, worden dwergplaneten genoemd. Dat zijn er voorlopig vijf in ons eigen zonnestelsel: Pluto, Ceres, Eris, Makemake en Haumea. Daarnaast zijn er nog twaalf kandidaat-dwergplaneten.
En Pluto wil zijn plaats maar wat graag afstaan, althans de astronomen die Pluto negen jaar lang bestudeerden tijdens de New Horizons-ruimtemissie. Aan de hand van wetenschappelijke gegevens afkomstig van die ruimtemissie hopen wetenschappers dat de discussie over de classificatie van Pluto vanavond voor eens en altijd zal stoppen.
The International Centre for Radio Astronomy ResearchV404 Cygni, een zwart gat dat in het wilde weg plasmagas sproeit.
WETENSCHAP & PLANEETEen internationaal team van sterrenkundigen heeft een vreemd zwart gat ontdekt. V404 Cygni, in het sterrenbeeld Zwaan, is slecht uitgelijnd en sproeit in het wilde weg plasmagas. Het zwarte gat is 8.000 lichtjaar verwijderd van de aarde. De onderzoekers hebben hun bevindingen vandaag in het tijdschrift Nature gepubliceerd.
V404 Cygni werd voor het eerst waargenomen als een zwart gat in 1989. Net als veel zwarte gaten voedt deze zich ook met een ster in de buurt door er gas van te onttrekken. Daardoor vormt zich een schijf van materiaal rond het gat. Ook worden er zogenoemde jets, straalstromen van energie en materie, gelanceerd vanuit een gebied vlakbij het zwarte gat.
De onderzoekers vermoeden dat bij dit zwarte gat de schijf en het zwarte gat niet goed zijn uitgelijnd. Daardoor wiebelt het binnenste gedeelte van de schijf als een “goedkope speelgoedtol”. Het gevolg is dat de jets verschillende kanten opschieten. “En de jets veranderden in minder dan een paar uur van richting. Zoiets is nog nooit vertoond”, aldus hoofdonderzoeker James Miller-Jones.
Observatie
De onderzoekers observeerden het zwarte gat twee weken lang in juni 2015. Ze gebruikten daarvoor de Very Long Baseline Array, tien radiotelescopen in de Verenigde Staten, op de Maagdeneilanden en op Hawaï. Normaal gesproken maken die telescopen één samengestelde afbeelding in vier uur. Maar omdat de jets binnen een paar uur van richting veranderden, was op de samengestelde beelden alleen een waas te zien. Daarop besloten de onderzoekers om 103 losse beelden met een korte sluitertijd in een filmpje te zetten. Daardoor zagen ze het zwarte gat wiebelen en de jets alle kanten op schieten.
De onderzoekers vermoeden dat er meer wiebelende zwarte gaten zijn.
Het International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR) maakte een video waarin het opmerkelijke fenomeen te zien is:
DIERENNoorse vissers hebben aan de grens met Rusland een wel heel bijzondere vondst gedaan. Ze stootten er op een witte dolfijn die een soort van harnas aan had. Het dier benaderde de vissersboot zonder schroom en begon aan touwen en kabels te trekken. Onderzoekers en marinebiologen konden het harnas uiteindelijk van het dier verwijderen, en lazen tot hun verbazing de inscriptie ‘Eigendom van Sint-Petersburg’. Mogelijk is het dier dan ook ontsnapt uit de Russische militaire basis van Moermansk.
De vissers merkten de witte dolfijn of beloega voor het eerst op in de buurt van het dorp Inga in het uiterste noorden van Noorwegen, niet ver van de Russische grens. “We wilden onze netten uitgooien toen we de dolfijn tussen onze boten zagen zwemmen”, vertelt visser Joar Hesten aan de Noorse zender NRK. “Hij kwam op ons af, en het was pas toen dat we zagen dat hij een soort harnas aan had.”
Het dier bleef de hele tijd de boot volgen en toonde duidelijk weinig angst voor de marinebiologen die ter plaatse kwamen om poolshoogte te nemen. De dolfijn bleef de boten benaderen en hapte naar touwen en kabels om er aan te trekken.
Noorse experts denken nu dat het harnas bedoeld was om er een camera of mogelijk zelfs wapens op te bevestigen en vermoeden dat het dier militair getraind is. De Russische marinebasis van Moermansk ligt niet ver van de andere kant van de grens. De inscriptie ‘Eigendom van Sint-Petersburg’ lijkt de Noorse theorie alleen maar te bevestigen. “Als de dolfijn uit Rusland komt - en we hebben alle redenen om dat aan te nemen - is hij wellicht niet voor wetenschappelijk onderzoek getraind, maar voor het leger”, zei ook Martin Biuw van het Noorse Instituut voor Marineonderzoek aan NRK.
Samuli Haapala@SamuHaa
Tromsø läheltä norjalaiset kalastajat vapauttivat maitovalaan valjaista joissa teksti: "Equipment of St. Petersburg". Epäily että karannut Murmanskin laivastotukikohdasta #sotavalas#turpo
Dolfijnen en zeehonden worden al langer militair ingezet, onderzoek daarnaar startte al tijdens de Koude Oorlog. De Verenigde Staten gebruiken bijvoorbeeld dolfijnen bij zoekacties op zee of bij het lokaliseren van onderwatermijnen. De dieren hebben een bijzonder goed zicht, zijn snel en wendbaar en hebben een goed geheugen. Rusland zou zijn onderzoeksprogramma in de jaren 90 stopgezet hebben, maar zette er de laatste jaren opnieuw op in.
In een reportage uit 2017 legde het Russische ministerie van Defensie zelf uit dat het opnieuw testen aan het doen was met beloega’s, dolfijnen en zeehonden. Tegelijkertijd liet president Poetin drie oude Sovjet-bases aan de Arctische kust heropenen. Volgens de documentaire werden de dieren getraind om de toegangen tot de marinebases te bewaken, maar konden ze ook mijnen zoeken, objecten optillen van de zeebodem en voorwerpen vervoeren.
De testen wezen overigens uit dat de witte dolfijnen niet bijster geschikt waren voor alle trainingsopdrachten. “Velen van hen werden ziek na de lange opdrachten in de koude polaire wateren”, aldus de Russische documentaire. Zeehonden bleken uiteindelijk effectiever te zijn, en de dieren waren ook beter in het uitvoeren van mondelinge commando’s. “Zeehonden kunnen actief samenwerken met duikers: ze kunnen voorwerpen aangeven of wegbrengen en ze herkennen ‘hun’ duiker in een groep anderen. Met een speciaal commando kunnen ze de toegang blokkeren voor andere duikers en hen zelfs proberen te doden.”
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Vergeet elektrisch rijden. Deze auto rijdt op zout water (ja, dat lees je goed)
Vergeet elektrisch rijden. Deze auto rijdt op zout water (ja, dat lees je goed)
De Quant e-Sportlimousine, die zijn debuut beleefde op de Autosalon van Genève, loopt op zout water. Hij mag gewoon de weg op.
De wagen beschikt over 920 pk, gaat in 2,8 seconden van 0 naar 100 en heeft een topsnelheid van 350 kilometer per uur.
“We zijn verheugd als pioniers een auto te presenteren die op de openbare weg mag rijden en geen uitstoot heeft,” zei bedenker van de sportwagen Nunzio La Vecchia.
Goedgekeurd
Na een uitgebreide inspectie werd de auto goedgekeurd door de bevoegde instanties. De auto is uitgebreid getest op de openbare weg in Duitsland en andere delen van Europa.
De auto wordt aangedreven door vier elektrische motoren die stroom opwekken door de elektrochemische reactie van twee elektrolietoplossingen.
De elektriciteit wordt opgeslagen en verdeeld door twee supergeleiders.
Vijf keer verder
De auto kan met dit zogeheten NanoFlowcell-systeem vijf keer verder rijden dan de huidige systemen, waaronder zelfs de meest geavanceerde lithium-ion-accu’s.
Het systeem is volgens La Vecchia extreem veilig en milieuvriendelijk. Het bevat nagenoeg geen bewegende delen en produceert vrijwel geen overtollige warmte.
Prijs
Het enige minpunt is de prijs: ruim 1,3 miljoen euro.
De fabrikant wil de NanoFlowcell-technologie ook gaan toepassen in meer betaalbare auto’s. “We hebben grote plannen en richten ons niet alleen op de auto-industrie,” klonk het.
Harde klap voor olie-industrie: auto met zout water als brandstof uitgevonden.
“The time has come to clear the roads for the Saltwater powered Quant e sports sedan. With salt water, yes. And not just any small, foolish concept car for one person, no, a full-fledged, fast, sporty-elegant and efficient sports car.
The principle is this: the flow cell battery, or more beautifully sounding, the Flowcell assimilated to the same extent as it works as a fuel cell. Two separate 200L cells contain liquid electrolytes that make “cold burning” possible. Electrolytes appear in the form of liquid metallic salts, in this case those present in salt water. They have mobile ions that are directed towards electric fields. The cold combustion (between 60 to 160 degrees), which originates in the cells, means the oxidation and reduction take place at the same time – who remembers chemistry knows that thereby a lot of energy is released (here: 600 V and 50 A) – and so electricity is generated.”
Residents of several small U.S. cities throughout America’s west and Midwest were stunned this week when a state-of-the-art Russian spy plane appeared overhead. “Did you spot the Russian ‘spy’ plane yesterday?” asked the Sandhills Expressbefore answering its own question with “don’t worry, because it wasn’t really spying at all!” It turns out it was spying, though – just the legal, agreed-upon kind.
In March 2019, another Russian spy plane flew over some of America’s most secretive and mysterious research installations including the infamous Area 51. While foreign surveillance missions flying through the nation’s most sensitive airspace may sound suspicious, it turns out the flights are part of what’s known as the Open Skies Treaty, an international agreement which allows nations to routinely observe one another’s military activities and facilities from directly overhead.
A Russian Tu-154M
This latest aircraft was a new, specially outfitted Tupolev Tu-214 designed specifically for these types of Open Skies flights. The Russian reconnaissance craft flew over West Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado, flying over Fort Bliss, Fort Riley, McConnell Air Force Base, Vance Air Force Base, Sheppard Air Force Base, and Dyess Air Force Base. Fort Bliss, in particular, is home to the U.S. Army’s Terminal High Altitude Air Defense (THAAD) ballistic missile defense batteries.
Aside from military bases, the aircraft’s flight took it over White Sands Missile Range, Sandia and Los Alamos National Laboratories, and the Pueblo Chemical Depot in the process. These sites are home of some of the U.S. military industrial complex’s most secretive and advanced research into fields such as directed energy weapons, aircraft countermeasures, and radar signature research. What were they looking for up there?
While these types of flights are sure to raise alarms, we can all be sure of one thing: the really good stuff isn’t being kept out in the open in hangars marked with the insignia of the U.S. armed Forces. That stuff is kept in salt mines, deep subterranean bunkers, or Las Vegas hangars owned by private aerospace firms. Furthermore, according to a press release issued by the Russian Ministry of Defense, American observers were aboard these Open Skies flight to ensure the Russians saw only what we wanted them to.
Which makes you wonder: with how advanced and ubiquitous surveillance satellites are these days, what not just spy from space? What is the real need for these Open Skies Treaty flights in the space age?
Everyone’s favorite 60-sided balls have been found in the interstellar space between stars. While the finding may not be Nobel Prize-worthy like the discovery of the original 60-atom molecules also known as Buckminsterfullerene, it’s significant in helping to identify what’s in the mysterious medium between stars and what else it might hold. Does this mean extraterrestrials play soccer (OK, football)?
“Combined with prior, ground-based observations … our Hubble Space Telescope spectra place the detection of interstellar [buckminsterfullerene] beyond reasonable doubt.”
It wasn’t as easy as it sounds in that simple explanation from the article announcing the discovery in The Astrophysical Journal Letters. Physicist Martin Cordiner of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center led the research, which began with using the Hubble Telescope’s Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) to examine the interstellar medium (ISM) between them. ISM is made of diverse absorption bands of extremely diffuse and relatively unknown matter (also called diffuse interstellar bands or DIB) that are visible in spectra ranging from visible light to near infra-red. Scientists have previously been able to determine they’re not made of stellar matter but they’ve only been able to detect molecule composed of three atoms. However, a two-year observation (2016 to 2018) of the ionization of light as it passed through the ISM led to an unexpected HUGE discovery.
A buckyball or Buckminsterfullerene is a fullerene (a form or carbon) composed of 60 carbon atoms in a round structure made of twenty hexagons and twelve pentagons (causing it to resemble a soccer ball) with a carbon atom at each vertex of each polygon. That shape also resembles a geodesic dome, which is why its discovers in 1985 named it after architect and futurist Buckminster Fuller, who popularized it in many of his architectural designs. In case you missed it, a buckyball is composed of 60 atoms – that’s 57 more than the biggest atoms found in interstellar matter to date.
“Currently, the leading theory is that they form as a result of carbon chemistry in the warm envelopes of dying stars, such as Red giants.”
When asked by Forbes how the buckyballs got there, Cordiner waxed poetic about the “warm envelopes of dying stars” – the residue left after a Red giant star exhausts its supply of hydrogen and carbon atoms are pushed to its surface in a process called a dredge-up, allowing them to appear in its spectrum. It seems natural rather than accidental that at least some of these carbon molecules would be the complex Buckminsterfullerenes – and now there’s proof.
“The confirmation of interstellar [buckminsterfullerene] represents a breakthrough in our understanding of chemical complexity in the diffuse interstellar medium [..] bringing a new understanding of the types of molecules that may be responsible for the remaining (unidentified) diffuse interstellar bands.”
What does all of this mean? For now, it confirms that what looks like a void between stars is actually teeming with large molecules in diffuse interstellar bands. While not as entertaining as diffuse heavy metal bands, finding buckyballs in-between stars is still a big deal.
Since the dawn of warfare as we know it today, humans have been using animals as tools of war. Elephants, horses, and other pack animals have been used to carry loads for thousands of years, while fiercer predators like dogs and lions have at times been used to inflict damage on enemies. Later, as human communication media shrank in the early 20th century, we began using animals like pigeons or dogs to carry messages for us through areas where human soldiers could not travel. Given that animals have always been an integral part of human existence, it’s natural they would be a part of warfare, too
More recently, there have been allegations that some nations have previously used or are still using animals as spies. Dolphins, in particular, have indeed been used for bomb detection and marine reconnaissance thanks to their high degree of intelligence and cooperation with humans.
Soviet Navy training a dolphin in the port of Sevastopol.
While this particular use of dolphins has stayed relatively obscure, a new report published by The Guardian this week highlights the military use of aquatic mammals – this time whales – and may suggest that some of them may have gotten loose of their training grounds or were turned loose into the ocean years ago. What would happen if these highly-trained animals did indeed escape back into the wild? Isn’t this how the Planet of the Apes reboot started?
According to The Guardian, fisherman in the small Norwegian fishing village of Inga have in recent weeks been harassed by a mysterious white beluga whale wearing an unidentified harness or apparatus of some kind. The whale reportedly attacks the fishermen’s boats, rubbing itself against their boats in an attempt to remove the strange harness attached to it. The fishermen claim the whale appears to deliberately seek out their boats before engaging in the anomalous behavior.
Beluga whale
The harness the whale wears appears to have been made to carry a camera or some other type of equipment – or maybe a weapon. Pictures posted by Norwegian news site NRK show a strange metal object recovered with the harness, which was eventually cut off by fishermen. To make things stranger, some fishermen have even gotten close enough to inspect the harness device the whale is wearing and say it bears the words “Equipment” and “St. Petersburg.” Norwegian biologists have contacted marine biology laboratories in Russia for answers, but all of them seem to want to point the finger at the Russian Navy and deny all knowledge.
As it turns out, Russia’s Navy along with the Murmansk Sea Biology Research Institute carried out a research program during the height of the Cold War which attempted to train beluga whales to guard entrances to ports or underwater bases and attack any intruders who came close. Could this be one of those long-lost whales?
David Bowie may have inspired many dreams and plans to search for life on Mars, but it appears Russia has been listening to a Lady Gaga songs and are preparing to build a Rocket #9 to take off to the planet Venus where a cosmonaut or robotic equivalent will ask the Goddess of love or some other life form to please take me to your leader. Lady Gaga can do that? Well, yes, plus a new look at old television photos from Russia’s past Venus missions which have convinced scientists that they’re looking at evidence of life on the cloudy planet. Is it wearing a seashell bikini?
“This conclusion follows from the results of the processing of archival data of a television (TV) experiment performed on the surface of Venus during the Soviet missions “Venus” in 1975-1982. One of the main was a TV experiment to study the surface of the planet. In situ tv study the surface of Venus remains an experiment, still not repeated. Unique archival data were processed using new methods, which significantly improved their detail. As a result of a new analysis of TV images obtained in the Venus missions, up to 18 hypothetically living objects were discovered.”
Model of a Venera lander
The Soviet Union’s Venera (Venus) space program sent eight missions to its namesake, each orbiting the planet and dropping a lander, most of which made it to the surface intact and sent back data and black-and-white “television” pictures before the intense heat destroyed them. Analysis of those pictures was limited to the technology and knowledge of the time, which seems to be why they were set aside for decades until researchers from the Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences like Leonid Ksanfomaliti picked them up again and took a more modern look. What they saw in those photos, according to their study published in the journal “Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk,” has them excited about new missions.
“The contours of these objects resemble those of earthly creatures, such as those of a lizard, a scorpion and a mushroom. The supposed life forms changed their location in the different images, had remarkable sizes and differed from the surrounding geological formations.”
“Pareidolia!”, not “Aliens!”, is the obvious response to this from those who have seen images from the Moon, Mars and other planets that look like animals and vegetables but turn out to be minerals. However, the study’s authors propose an alternative hypothesis based on the drastic differences between these objects and their immediate surroundings.
“Objects have a noticeable size and may indicate the existence of life on Venus in physical conditions that are radically different from those on earth. Earth life is based on the aquatic environment. At temperatures of 460 degrees C water cannot exist in liquid form at the landing sites of the landing vehicles.”
Depiction of a Venera lander on Venus
In other words, Venus is one of those places where life won’t look like life on Earth because of its chemical mix and lack of water. Despite the fact that the objects in the photos resemble Earth creatures and plants, they say the next missions should throw out all preconceived notions (and pareidolian assumptions) and look for something completely different (perhaps they can get Monty Python to consult).
So, it’s not the shape so much as the movements which have these scientists excited about the possibility of life on Venus. Future missions (Russia is planning one as soon as 2025) should look for a large plain to drop the lander in, test for non-carbon (nitrogen perhaps) forms of life and watch for movement.
Sounds exciting, although giant mushroom-eating scorpions would make a better song or movie.
Someday a giant meteor will slam into the Atlantic Ocean, and the colossal tsunami that is produced will wipe out most of the people that are living along the east coast. In 1998, a big Hollywood movie entitled “Deep Impact” imagined what such an event would look like, and scientists assure us that it is just a matter of time before it takes place. And since 39 percentof all Americans live in a county that directly borders a shoreline, we are in an extremely vulnerable position. Let’s just hope that what I am talking about in this article does not happen any time soon.
If you know me well, then you probably know that this is a hot button issue for me, and so it definitely got my attention.
And it must be a hot button issue for a lot of other people as well, because it has already been viewed more than 3.5 million times.
I did some digging around, and I found an accompanying article for the video. According to that article, someday a wall of water 3000 feet high could come racing toward us at 620 miles per hour…
In six hours, you, your government, and 124 million other people across 14 states will be tested by the greatest disaster to ever hit the U.S. East Coast. A great wave, 1000 meters tall (3280 ft.), moving towards you at 1000 km/h (620 mph), and that’s only the beginning.
Boston, New York, Philly, D.C., Miami. All underwater. And you?
Of course the size of the tsunami would all depend upon the size of the event that caused it.
According to scientists at the University of California at Santa Cruz, if a giant meteor suddenly slammed into the Atlantic Ocean it could potentially create a tsunami with a wall of water as high as 400 feet…
If an asteroid crashes into the Earth, it is likely to splash down somewhere in the oceans that cover 70 percent of the planet’s surface. Huge tsunami waves, spreading out from the impact site like the ripples from a rock tossed into a pond, would inundate heavily populated coastal areas. A computer simulation of an asteroid impact tsunami developed by scientists at the University of California, Santa Cruz, shows waves as high as 400 feet sweeping onto the Atlantic Coast of the United States.
Either way, we are talking about death and destruction on a scale that is hard to imagine.
Once a meteor hit, there would be a race against time to get away from the massive wall of water rapidly approaching the east coast. The creators of the Facebook video that I just mentioned envision that everyone would have “6 hours of advance notice”…
The death toll would be staggering; the economic impact, easily costing billions, if not trillions of dollars. It will take decades to rebuild, and yet, is it wrong to suggest that we might’ve gotten off easy?
How much worse would it have been without the 6 hours of advance notice? That’s right, you owe a big thank you to these supersmart buoys monitoring the coast, keeping you safe and dry, so that you can rest easy, and keep watching ‘What If.’
Sadly, the truth is that we would probably get very little warning. For example, if a giant meteor were to splash down near Puerto Rico, the amount of time before impact would be extremely limited. You could try to get in your car and outrace the wall of water coming at you at 620 miles per hour, but of course the highways would be jammed with other people trying to get out as well.
In a worst case scenario, tens of millions of people would die, and all of our east coast cities would essentially be destroyed.
NASA is going to be using a simulation of an “asteroid apocalypse” in order to help the space agency prepare for the cataclysmic event. And they are taking it seriously, as disaster planners from FEMA will join NASA for a dress rehearsal of doomsday.
International partners, including the European Space Agency (ESA), will also be a part of the simulation. The drill is said to be a “tabletop exercise” that will simulate just how a planetary asteroid emergency would play out in real time.
We truly do live in very strange times, and they are going to get a whole lot stranger.
A single moment in time can change everything. Most people assume that NASA knows about all of the big rocks that could potentially slam into our planet, but that is not true at all. According to one estimate, approximately 17,000 large near-Earth objects remain undetected. But since they are “undetected”, the truth is that nobody knows the real number.
Meteors go whizzing by us all the time, and NASA doesn’t discover a lot of them until they are already past us.
In reality, we are sitting ducks, and someday our luck will finally run out.
High Level Security Officers Overheard Discussing Alien Presence, They're Here
High Level Security Officers Overheard Discussing Alien Presence, They're Here
COAST TO COAST AM. Further proof of the reality of the UFO phenomenon came when Levenda was discussing topic with a room full of people who either had or currently maintain high-level security clearances.
“[They were] discussing this like it’s normal to discuss it… and they’re not talking about proof… they’re now trying to understand it,” he reported.
According to Levenda, the UFO phenomenon is real, humankind has been contacted, and we must now move on to the bigger issues of figuring out what this contact means and where we go from there.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
Star Made from a Disrupted Dwarf Galaxy
Star Made from a Disrupted Dwarf Galaxy
Stars retain the materials of their birthplace. Some stars are made of the residue of material from dwarf galaxies passing larger galaxies.
Small stellar systems like dwarf galaxies are suggested to be the main building blocks of our Galaxy. However, it is unclear how many and what kind of stars in our Galaxy are originated from satellite dwarf galaxies.
This is a star accreted from a disrupted dwarf galaxy.
Credit: Chinese National Astronomy
An international team led by ZHAO Gang, a professor from the National Astronomical Observatories of Chinese Academy of Sciences (NAOC) discovered a chemically peculiar star accreted from a disrupted dwarf galaxy. According to results obtained through the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) and Subaru telescope, the star has an unusually low amount of magnesium which is the eighth most abundant element in the universe.
Meanwhile it contains an excessive amount of heavy elements, such as europium, gold, and uranium. The team reported their findings online in Nature Astronomy on April 29th, 2019.
“Stars preserve chemical information of its birth site. We can distinguish stars formed in the Milky Way from stars formed in dwarf galaxies based on their chemical abundances,” says ZHAO who is also the corresponding author of the paper.
The chemical composition of this star that the authors discovered suggests it is originated from a dwarf galaxy which was disrupted by interaction with the Milky Way.
The data was obtained by LAMOST, a spectroscopic survey telescope that is capable to take 4,000 spectra in a single exposure. So far LAMOST has obtained more than 8 million stellar spectra for studies of the formation of the Milky Way. “The massive spectra provided by the LAMOST survey give us a great opportunity to find chemically peculiar stars,” says XING Qianfan, Ph.D., first author of this paper. This type of stars can be used to explore the chemical evolution of different stellar systems.
XING continues, “This newly discovered star with large excesses of heavy elements provides a window for exploring the chemical evolution of disrupted dwarf galaxies. The star formation in dwarf galaxies is relatively slow comparing to larger galaxies, leading to chemical differences among their stellar populations. For instance, the magnesium to iron (Mg/Fe) abundance ratios in stars of dwarf galaxies currently found around the Milky Way are much smaller than those in the majority of stars in the Milky Way.”
“This is the first discovery of a star having a very low amount of magnesium and an excessive amount of heavy elements,” says co-author LI Haining, Ph.D.
The extreme enhancement of heavy elements of this star suggests this dwarf galaxy was affected by high-yield rapid neutron-capture process (r-process), the dominant process through which elements heavier than iron are formed. Such process may happen during mergers of binary neutron stars in the dwarf galaxy.
“The discovery of this chemically peculiar star is a good start of chemical identification of stars accreted from dwarf galaxies. Such stars will be good tracers for exploring the assemble history of the Milky Way,” says ZHAO.
This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
Contacts and sources:
Xu Ang The National Astronomical Observatories of Chinese Academy of Sciences (NAOC)
Video:Two Mysterious Skulls Discovered in the mountains of the Caucasus region of Adygea
Video:Two Mysterious Skulls Discovered in the mountains of the Caucasus region of Adygea
In the mountains of the Caucasus region of Adygeya they were found two skulls belonging to an unknown creature for science with the emblem of the Ahnenerbe, probably the most secret society within the dedicated to the study of the occult and the supernatural forces In the summer of 2015 in Elbrus hunters warehouse found another suitcase “Ahnenerbe” from the country of origin of the skull, presumably belonging to the huntsman of the German division “Edelweiss”, a ring and a set of Nazi uniforms. On the ring depicts a profile of a soldier in a mountain caps to which are attached oak leaves. At the bottom of the flower edelweiss. And last year, in the same places the locals reported that excavated the burial of hundreds of bodies of two German Jaegers, which probably covered the avalanche of many years ago.
Video:The Russians conducted an experiment similar to that of Philadelphia??
Video:The Russians conducted an experiment similar to that of Philadelphia??
The Philadelphian experiment is a designation for a classified military experiment that was supposed to take place at the naval base in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1943. It is one of the most famous military experiments, but many speculations are still underway here, and there are plenty of ambiguities.
That is why he is interested in so many mystery hunters and there are many conspiracy theories in circulation.
The experiment has never been officially confirmed by the US government, and is still surrounded by a series of secrets. So I warn beforehand that it is not necessarily the truth and that the whole event should be taken with reserve and distance.
The aim of the experiment was to hide or “invade” the USS Eldridge destroyer so that it was hidden not only from the enemy radars but also from the sight of a regular observer.
This would give the US a tremendous military advantage in the war.
The experiment should include world-renowned scientists such as Nikola Tesla and Albert Einstein. The first unsuccessful experiments of this kind were to take place between 1933 and 1940. The project was based on Einstein’s theory of relativity and the use of a combination of gravitational and magnetic fields. The field would merge into one unitary field, which would then change the geometric properties of the space. Even according to official records, Einstein was employed as an adviser in the navy in 1943-1944. According to scientists, huge electric generators bend the light around the object, making it invisible.
These images from Mars will take your breath away: alien picture taken? Alien head or vulgar rock ..
People always argue about the existence of aliens. NASA in the near or distant past, has published an interesting series of photographs, which definitely worth a look!
Scientists, explorers and various researchers are constantly trying to find out if life is found elsewhere in the universe. Many times we can observe different objects that resembled a UFO or other cosmic object.
The existence of life is currently investigating most of the planet Mars, where scientists continually probe and examine the surface. Over the last year managed to take a number of photographs from which we bring you the most interesting in the gallery.
This is on the rocks, stones or cameras really picture taken lizard, creature resembling a woman or alien? See this for more than an interesting collection of photos from Mars and make your own opinion ….
Filming Jupiter at 3:05am Irish time April 8th 2017 from north of Dublin. A wave like this has been observed many times passing the moon by other astronomers, like Crrow777.
Crrow777 states: "We see in the jet wash what we see in boat wakes. Two wakes tied together with no independent wave period or offset.
Both waves remain locked and identical and lack the sharp edge we see in what is called lunar wave - which are not locked and all have different periods and speed - even within the same capture."
An interesting and mysterious phenomenon in space and till now nobody knows what these waves are.
Small meteorite impacts are releasing water from the Moon’s subsurface, a new study finds. Researchers now believe that a small amount of water can be found beneath the lunar surface, dating from the early days of the satellite’s evolution.
This oblique view of the Moon’s surface was photographed by the Apollo 10 astronauts in May of 1969.
When the Apollo missions brought back samples from the moon, researchers analyzed them and found that the moon was formed without any native water. However, a decade ago, trace amounts of water were discovered in the lunar non-polar areas, and recent observations by Cassini, Deep Impact, Lunar Prospector, and Chandrayaan-1 indicate the existence of an active water cycle on the Moon. In addition, an enhanced concentration of hydrogen, which seems to indicate larger water ice deposits in the permanently shadowed craters of the poles was detected by the Lunar Prospector Neutron Spectrometer (LPNS).
Researchers have attributed the origin of the water to solar wind and meteorites, but even so, it’s unclear why the water appears on the lunar surface in some places. In a new study published in Nature Geoscience, researchers propose a new cause for this: meteorites.
The lunar water cycle as proposed in the study. The cycle relies on a desiccated layer overlaying hydrated soils. Hydrogen from solar wind is the main source of water production. Synthesized water diffuses vertically, and can be sequestered in the hydrated layer or lost at the surface.
Image credits: Benna et al / Nature Geoscience.
Researchers led by NASA’ Mehdi Benna found that the timing of 29 water releases is associated with the Moon encountering known meteorite impacts. The study also suggests that a very small amount of water is pervasive in the lunar subsoil, where it was preserved from early in the Moon’s history. When meteorites whack the lunar surface, the impact brings out some of this water.
“We show that water release from meteoroid impacts is indicative of a lunar surface that has a desiccated soil layer of several centimetres on top of uniformly hydrated soil. We infer that the Moon is currently in the process of losing water that was either delivered long ago or present at its formation.”
According to their calculations, the uniformly present at concentrations up to about 0.05%. However, the water pushed outside is lost and never recovered by the moon. Researchers estimate that a total of 200 tonnes of water are lost every year.
These findings may lay the groundwork for future investigation into the origin and fate of water on the Moon, and might also be useful in the potential establishment of a human colony on the moon.
The study “Lunar soil hydration constrained by exospheric water liberated by meteoroid impacts” by Benna et al. has been published in Nature Geoscience. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0345-3
We Want to Know’: US Navy Working Up Procedures for Reporting UFOs
We Want to Know’: US Navy Working Up Procedures for Reporting UFOs
The US Navy is drafting new guidelines for pilots to officially report “unidentified aircraft” or “unidentified flying objects” (UFOs), which may help destigmatize the process of informing the service about such encounters.
"There have been a number of reports of unauthorized and/or unidentified aircraft entering various military-controlled ranges and designated airspace in recent years," the Navy said in a recent statement to Politico.
Thus, it said, "the Navy is updating and formalizing the process by which reports of any such suspected incursions can be made to the cognizant authorities. A new message to the fleet that will detail the steps for reporting is in draft."
According to the US Navy, highly trained military personnel and pilots have had enough encounters with UFOs to warrant officially reporting them in a systematic and formal way.
Nick Pope, who used to investigate UFOs for the British government, told Sputnik Wednesday that he "welcomes these new guidelines," which should "make it easier for US Navy pilots and other military personnel to report UFOs."
Nick Pope
@nickpopemod
US Navy drafting new guidelines for reporting UFOs. I support this bold and long-overdue move, which should address the current under-reporting problem. Whatever one believes about the phenomenon, it raises defense, national security and air safety issues.
U.S. Navy drafting new guidelines for reporting UFOs
The service says it has also "provided a series of briefings by senior Naval Intelligence officials as well as aviators who reported hazards to aviation safety."
"Many years ago, the United States Air Force had the policy lead for this subject and ran a program called Project Blue Book," Pope explained, referring to a series of studies of UFOs conducted by the US Air Force starting in 1952. The project was eventually terminated in 1969, because the US government decided that UFOs were "no longer of any interest." However, the sightings continued, and pilots had nowhere to report them, Pope noted.
"Over the years, a culture developed where pilots — military and civilian alike — would see UFOs, but where many of these sightings went unreported, because of the perception that the government wasn't interested, and because pilots feared they wouldn't be believed, that they might be ridiculed, and that their state of mind might be questioned, leading to them being grounded or losing their jobs," Pope explained.
Despite the fact that Project Blue Book was terminated, the Defense Intelligence Agency continued to investigate UFOs between 2007 and 2012, unbeknownst to the public. The research, which cost around $25 million, was funded by the Department of Defense under its Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP) and was made public in 2017 after a Freedom of Information Act request by Steven Aftergood, director of the Federation of American Scientists' Project on Government Secrecy.
"We now know that despite the termination of Project Blue Book, the US government was still interested and that investigations were continuing, but without the media and the public being told. The Pentagon's AATIP initiative, for example, investigated several such cases. Three declassified videos of US Navy F-18 jets chasing UFOs were made public in December 2017, when the existence of AATIP was first revealed," Pope told Sputnik.
The video footage released in 2017 showed a 2004 encounter between two US Navy F/A-18 Super Hornets and an unknown object. In the recording, the fighter pilots attempt to intercept the unidentified object, described as having "no obvious wings or tails." The pilots were unable to intercept the mysterious aircraft Sputnik previously reported.
In 2017, the New York Times also reported that even though the Pentagon shut down its hush-hush program to study UFOs in 2012, it continues to investigate UFOs brought to its attention by servicemembers.
"We still don't know if these objects are foreign military aircraft or drones, or something else. But pilots see them, radar operators track them, and now the US Navy wants to make sure it acquires as much data on this phenomenon as possible. I strongly support this new initiative. Any nation wants to ensure the territorial integrity of its airspace. If there's something in our skies, we want to know what it is. Whatever people believe about UFOs, there are defense, national security and air safety issues here," Pope added.
US Navy admits that UFOs have been spotted near top secret military facilities
US Navy admits that UFOs have been spotted near top secret military facilities
Jasper Hamill
Footage of a ‘Tic Tac’ UFO recorded by US Navy pilots in 2004
The US Navy has sensationally admitted that UFOs have been spotted near military facilities.
It has received ‘a number of reports’ of unidentified aircraft travelling into protected airspace over military ranges, which means land owned by the American armed forces.
Defence chiefs are so concerned that they have ordered the development of a new process to report and record mysterious sightings of ‘unauthorised’ and ‘unidentified aircraft’.
The announcement comes after details of a secret research drive called the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP) have slowly leaked into the public domain over the past two years.
One of the most famous incidents revealed during the exposure of AATIP took place in 2004 when pilots on the USS Nimitz Carrier Group were outmanoeuvred by ‘Tic Tac’ crafts moving so quickly they did not appear to obey the laws of physics.
In a statement given to Politico, the Navy said: ‘There have been a number of reports of unauthorized and/or unidentified aircraft entering various military-controlled ranges and designated air space in recent years.
‘For safety and security concerns, the Navy and the [U.S. Air Force] takes these reports very seriously and investigates each and every report.
‘As part of this effort, the Navy is updating and formalizing the process by which reports of any such suspected incursions can be made to the cognizant authorities. A new message to the fleet that will detail the steps for reporting is in draft.’
The UFOs which are likely to have been investigated by the Navy are not necessarily sent by aliens.
Luis Elizondo, the ex-Pentagon staffer who headed up AATIP, told Politico the aircraft ‘don’t have a tail number or a flag — in some cases not even a tail’.
‘What happens in five years if it turns out these are extremely advanced Russian aircraft?’ he asked.
These drawings of what appears to be a space plane were produced by Boeing as long ago as the 1980s
Nick Pope, former UFO investigator for the Ministry of Defence, told Metro that the move was ‘bold and long overdue’.
‘As I know only too well from my experience having investigated UFOs for the Ministry of Defence, there’s chronic under-reporting of UFOs in the military pilot community, as well as in the commercial airline pilot community,’ he continued.
‘That’s because people fear they won’t be believed, they worry about ridicule, and – above all – they’re scared that some psychologist might question their state of mind, resulting in them being grounded.
Whatever one believes about the true nature of the UFO phenomenon, they’re being seen by pilots, tracked on radar systems and sometimes captured on film.
‘Whether you’re a sceptic or a believer, whether you think these things are Russian or Martian, it’s time to lose the pop culture baggage associated with UFOs.
‘It’s time to have a mature, informed debate about the phenomenon and acknowledge what those of us who’ve looked at this from within government already know, namely that there are important defence, national security and air safety issues at stake here.’
We asked Pope why the US Navy is involved rather than the Airforce.
He replied: ‘The UFO issue can be toxic and the US Navy may well face criticism for this move. There may be political fallout, and this new initiative is likely to spark all sorts of bizarre conspiracy theories. Interestingly, this might just be one of those rare instances where the conspiracy theories turn out to be true.
‘For years, there have been rumours that it’s the Navy and not the Air Force that has the policy lead on UFOs. It sounds counter-intuitive. The US government’s old UFO program, Project Blue Book, was run by the United States Air Force. In the UK, the MoD’s UFO project had lots of cases involving the Royal Air Force, but very little from the Royal Navy.
‘But the rumours persist, and when the story broke about the Pentagon’s AATIP program, it was three videos of US Navy jets chasing UFOs that made headlines all around the world. So it doesn’t surprise me to see the US Navy leading the way here. There’s always been inter-service rivalry, and President Trump’s Space Force aspirations have added a new dimension to this.
‘A new space race is underway, and the US Navy clearly wants to be at the heart of it.’
US Navy admits to ‘multiple’ UFO sightings over top secret military bases
US Navy admits to ‘multiple’ UFO sightings over top secret military bases
The US Navy is changing how pilots report UFOs after recent sightings
By Charlotte Edwards, Digital Technology and Science Reporter
UFOs have been spotted hovering over top-secret military bases and flying near aircraft, according to the US Navy.
The institution is now drafting new guidelines for pilots and other naval employees so it's easier for them to report any mysterious objects they spot in the sky.
Footage of a ‘Tic Tac’ UFO recorded by US Navy pilots in 2004
This UFO was briefly caught on camera flying next to a military plane by US pilots
The decision to make these new guidelines for UFO sightings has been made in response to recent reports of unidentified flying objects.
In a statement given to US news outlet Politico, the US Navy said: "There have been a number of reports of unauthorised and/or unidentified aircraft entering various military-controlled ranges and designated air space in recent years.
"For safety and security concerns, the Navy and the [U.S. Air Force] takes these reports very seriously and investigates each and every report.
"As part of this effort, the Navy is updating and formalising the process by which reports of any such suspected incursions can be made to the cognisant authorities. A new message to the fleet that will detail the steps for reporting is in draft."
One fighter pilot believed this mysterious flying object could make itself invisible
A few years ago, a leaked report from the Pentagon revealed that a supersonic UFO shaped like a Tic Tac sweet had stalked a US Aircraft carrier for days before vanishing into thin air.
Some of the pilots said that the aircraft could make itself invisible as it travelled next to them.
The craft was described by one of the pilots mentioned in the report as "solid white, smooth, with no edges... uniformly coloured with no nacelles, pylons or wings", and looked like "an elongated egg or Tic Tac".
The incident happened over a couple of days in November 2004 but the video footage of the flying object was not revealed to the public until December 2017.
Pilots who witnessed the incident reported that they picked up the presence of 8 to 10 objects in their radar equipment on November 10, 2004.
Sceptics think that the sighting could be explained by equipment malfunction or human error.
Retired Pentagon official Luis Elizondo once ran a secret Pentagon program for investigating UFOs until it was reportedly shut down in 2012.
He told Politico that government personnel were often encouraged not to report sightings, making this new admission from the US Navy even more groundbreaking.
Nick Pope, who investigated UFOs for the Ministry of Defence, told us: "This bold new initiative on the part of the US Navy is clearly aimed at de-stigmatising the UFO issue.
"I know from my own experience of having run the MoD's UFO project that fear of being ridiculed or disbelieved, and worries about adverse career consequences means many pilots - military and civil alike - simply don't report these things.
"This new move gives official sanction for pilots, radar operators and other military witnesses to come forward and report what they see. I strongly support this policy change and hope we can do the same thing in the UK."
A drawing of a strange experimental aircraft released in a patent document filed by the US Navy
Life may have arisen in our solar system before Earth even finished forming.
Planetesimals, the rocky building blocks of planets, likely had all the ingredients necessary for life as we know it way back at thedawn of the solar system, said Lindy Elkins-Tanton, a planetary scientist at Arizona State University (ASU).
And clement conditions may have persisted inside some planetesimals for tens of millions of years — perhaps long enough for life to emerge, said Elkins-Tanton, the director of ASU's School of Earth and Space Exploration and the principal investigator of NASA's upcoming mission to the odd metallic asteroid Psyche.
Some planetesimals survived into and beyond the planet-forming period, raising the possibility that one of these primitive bodies may have seeded Earth with life, she added.
"Not all planetesimals are going to be involved in the kinds of catastrophic collisions that would cause them to go into a plasma or otherwise completely denature anything that was created," Elkins-Tanton said April 11 at the Breakthrough Discuss conference at the University of California, Berkeley.
"Some things are going to fall — like Chelyabinsk, for example — back onto the surface of a temperate planet," she added, referring to the 65-foot-wide (20 meters) object that exploded over the Russian city of Chelyabinsk in February 2013. "So, there is that possibility in the end."
Elkins-Tanton said this basic idea grew out of a course she taught at ASU in the fall of 2016. At the beginning of the semester, she asked the students to consider whether life could have arisen on small bodies. Over the next few months, the students, Elkins-Tanton and her co-author on the newly presented work, Stephen West, explored this possibility, as well as a number of other questions that stemmed from that core question.
Life as we know it requires three main ingredients: liquid water, organic molecules and an energy source. Planetesimals, which formed within 1.5 million years of the solar system's birth, likely featured all three, Elkins-Tanton said.
For example, more than 35 different amino acids have been identified in the Murchison meteorite, an ancient space rock that fell to Earth in southern Australia in 1969.
Murchison is so full of organics that it "smells like an oil well," Elkins-Tanton said. "What could be a better place for the advent of life than a nice, warm, wet piece of Murchison? So, that's the idea that we're starting with."
The energy source on early planetesimals, such as Murchison's parent body, came from the radioactive decay of aluminum-26, she explained. The heat flowing through some planetesimals' interiors was intense enough to melt the objects completely, which is certainly not conducive to the emergence of life.
But other bodies would have melted only partially, from the inside out, so they would eventually sport a metallic core, a magma-ocean mantle and a rocky, primitive crust. Such planetesimals would have had extremely hot interiors but frigid surfaces, Elkins-Tanton said. Waves of heat radiating from the depths would have spurred the release of fluids such as liquid water, driving that material up toward the surface.
Such processes may have created habitable environments beneath the planetesimals' rocky surfaces. And these environments likely lasted for relatively long stretches.
For example, modeling work performed by Elkins-Tanton and West, who's now at the California-based company Metis Technology Solutions, suggests that small planetesimals — those up to 30 miles (50 kilometers) wide — could have supported liquid water underground for about 15 million years.
And an earlier study Elkins-Tanton conducted with Ben Weiss and Maria Zuber of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology found that larger bodies could have remained wet for even longer — perhaps 50 million years or so.
It's unclear if this window is long enough for life to get going, Elkins-Tanton stressed. That's because we don't know how long that window has to be. "I'm going to bravely assert that we really have no idea," she said.
For example, the earliest unambiguous signs of life on our 4.5-billion-year-old Earth date to about 3.8 billion years ago. But some scientists have presented evidence that microbes already had a foothold here by 4.1 billion years ago. And at this same Breakthrough Discuss meeting, biochemist Steven Benner of the Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution in Florida argued that life actually emerged 4.36 billion years ago. (Only at that time was Earth's atmospheric chemistry right for the first organisms, RNA-based microbes, to evolve, Benner said in his talk.)
To be clear, Elkins-Tanton and West aren't arguing that Earth life actually did originate on planetary building blocks — just that this idea is worthy of consideration. And the new work is preliminary; the Breakthrough Discuss talk marked the first time Elkins-Tanton formally presented the idea to her planetary-science colleagues.
She said she hopes the work spurs further discussion and research about the origin of life and its possible dispersal throughout the solar system.
"This is meant to be just a kind of a thought problem for us all to consider," Elkins-Tanton said. "Could life actually have arisen on planetesimals? Could there be evidence for life in meteorites that we have not known to look for? And if this is so, how could they have been spread through the solar system — and many, many unanswerable implications of that possibility."
The idea that life has spread from body to body throughout the solar system is not a new one, of course. For example, Benner and others have suggested that Earth life may actually have originated on Mars and traveled here aboard a rock liberated from the Red Planet by an asteroid or comet strike.
And some researchers have even posited that life may have come to Earth from another star system, perhaps aboard a wandering comet.
Mundane challenges won't stop for what could be the end of the world.
NASA selected an asteroid called 2012 TC4 before its close approach in October 2017 to serve as a practice test of the agency's detection and response systems.
A very strange series of memos arrived at the White House during the fall of 2017, detailing a would-be nightmare scenario: an asteroid apparently on track to hit Earth. But those memos were covered in bright red warnings noting that they were just part of a drill; humanity didn't have any more reasons than normal to fear civilization's end.
The memos were part of a surreal, sophisticated drill that let NASA and the scientific community practice for the existential threat of an asteroid that seems to be on track to hit Earth — all based on a real asteroid. And now, the team involved in the drill has published a final set of findings about how the project went and what humans can do to be better prepared for this potential apocalypse scenario.
"The most important thing was [that] it was the first time we actually tested the whole system, including notification to the White House," Vishnu Reddy, a planetary defense expert at the University of Arizona and a co-author on the new paper, told Space.com last month at the annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference held in The Woodlands, Texas. "It was a really fantastic experience for us to test with a real asteroid."
Early in 2017, scientists decided they wanted to conduct such a drill. So they went looking for an asteroid, one that wasn't really a risk but that would come close enough to produce realistic data about how an actual risk could play out. That would allow planetary defense specialists, who exclusively study the threat of asteroid impacts, to test their observation, evaluation and response procedures.
A space rock known as 2012 TC4 fit the bill. During this object's initial detection in 2012, observations of its path through the solar system suggested that it would make a close — but not dangerously close — approach to Earth in October 2017, although researchers weren't positive exactly what track it would take.
That's how the asteroid earned its role as guinea pig for the end of the world as we know it.
"We knew it wasn't a threat … we wanted it to be an exercise, but TC4 was a good candidate," Michael Kelley, a NASA scientist in the planetary defense program and co-author on the overview paper, said during a presentation at the same conference. "It was an asteroid with a slightly uncertain orbit that was in the time frame we were looking for to conduct this exercise. We knew it was out there. We knew roughly where to look in the sky, but we didn't know exactly where to point the telescopes, so we would have to search a little bit to try to find it."
That search began in July 2017, when a team using the Very Large Telescope in Chile began trying to spot TC4. They latched on for good in August, when they had expected they would be able to. A different telescope, Pan-STARRS in Hawaii, also proved separately that, had scientists not possessed the 2012 data, they still would have spotted the asteroid about two weeks before the 2017 closest approach.
As TC4 hurtled closer, scientists turned telescopes around the globe toward the object. First, they looked to track its path. Observers and orbital-trajectory specialists worked together to update their expectations of where precisely the rock would travel, one of the key responsibilities of planetary defense. As that picture developed, the team brought the data to government officials to talk through how the situation would be handled in real life.
The good news is you never heard about a large asteroid hitting Earth in the fall of 2017. The more complicated finding is that there was a time when the team's calculations suggested that this was a real possibility, Kelley said. Briefly, on Sept. 24 of that year, the calculations gave TC4 a 1 in 180 chance of hitting Earth. "This is well below the threshold to trip all the triggers for an emergency situation," Kelley said.
Fortunately, within just a few days, that sliver of a chance had evaporated. The uncertainty makes for a risky situation nevertheless, he added, since the team never wants to act rashly and cause a panic. But someone not following the entire process could have taken that one day's data out of context, intentionally or not.
"You have to be very, very careful when you have a lot of measurements coming in and you're waiting to see what fits the pattern and what does not fit the pattern," Kelley said. "You can get to a point where you are drawing the wrong conclusion if you stop at a certain point or if you just take a snapshot image."
By the end of the exercise, the team had completely eliminated any probability of impact from TC4 in the foreseeable future.
But scientists weren't content with simply predicting the asteroid's path; they also wanted to gather as much data as possible about the rock itself. In particular, they investigated how it dimmed and brightened as it spun in space. In the context of a potential impactor, this information is not just scientifically interesting. More than that, details about an asteroid's rotation and composition can shape the potential disaster, affecting how much of the initial mass makes it through Earth's destructive atmosphere.
Here, too, things got a little dicey. The team had lined up a range of facilities they wanted to use in advance, but fate intervened. Scientists had wanted to use the massive radio dish at Arecibo in Puerto Rico to bounce light waves off the asteroid's surface and see how they bounced back. But Hurricane Maria devastated the island just a couple weeks before the asteroid's closest approach, and the telescope wasn't ready to help. Scientists had to scramble to rope in two other radio telescopes, Goldstone and Green Bank, to make up for Arecibo's absence.
And the team had wanted to use NASA's Infrared Telescope Facility in Hawaii to better understand the object's composition. The telescope had a three-night window to catch TC4. It observed the asteroid on the first night and was put to another task on the second. On the third night, the power went out.
"It turns out that somebody cut a tree down and the tree fell on the power line," Reddy said. "And so the fate of the world will end up in [the hands of] some person with an ax in the hand trying to chop a tree in the evening."
There's no reason to suspect that the same sorts of mundane issues would patiently wait for a real threat to pass. "There are real-world problems that can crop up even in an emergency situation," Kelley said. "Bad timing is always there."
Despite the challenges during observations, scientists are pretty satisfied with what they were able to learn about TC4. It seems to be very bright, about 33 feet (10 meters) across, with a jagged, uneven surface. "This may be a fragment of a very bright, white rock in space," Kelley said. It seems to resemble an unusual type of meteorite — a kind that makes up just 1% of the space rocks we have here on Earth — called aubrites.
Now that the results of the TC4 drill are published, the team is ready to apply the lessons learned during the exercise to a new drill. That team has selected a different asteroid, again based on the object's orbital convenience. "We can't schedule the asteroid[s]. We kind of have to wait for them to cooperate," Kelley said.
This drill will be of a smaller scale than the TC4 one was, aiming only to learn as much as possible about the space rock itself — even though scientists already have a good sense of what it is.
"We know a lot, but we're pretending as if we don't know," Reddy said. "Imagine if this asteroid is going to hit us, say, 15, 20 years from now and this is the last, best flyby when we can characterize it to know what to do in the next 15, 20 years before impact. What can we learn?"
This kind of preparation is not just about learning about distant space rocks sailing through the solar system. It also means learning about deeply terrestrial, deeply human factors, like how to be ready if someone cuts the wrong tree down on the wrong day.
"This exercise was actually a good lesson in the reality of trying to do this as well, in a practical sense," Kelley said. "Real-world events affected the campaign, but we dealt with them and worked through it." And as a result, humans should be better prepared for the next close approach.
"Fortunately, the fate of the Earth wasn't riding on this one, so we're OK," he said.
The project is described in a paper published in March in the journal Icarus.
This week, while everyone was distracted with the usual political bickering and Taylor Swift’s new music video, UFOs hovered over the news.
It seems the U.S. Navy is working on new guidelines for pilots to report strange encounters. In a statement to Politico, which broke the story, the navy said: “There have been a number of reports of unauthorized and/or unidentified aircraft entering various military-controlled ranges and designated air space in recent years.”
A scene from History channel's upcoming documentary Unidentified: Inside America’s UFO Investigation. (YOUTUBE /HISTORY)
And you thought Vlad Guerrero Jr. was the biggest story of the week.
According to the Washington Post, these mysterious “intrusions” have occurred “on a regular basis since 2014.” Huh? Military personnel are now reporting UFOs or UAP (unexplained aerial phenomena) multiple times a month. What?
As naval spokesperson Joseph Gradisher told the paper: “We want to get to the bottom of this. We need to determine who’s doing it, where it’s coming from and what their intent is.”
Good enough. No reason to panic, right? All we have here is the most powerful military in human history admitting unfamiliar aircraft of unknown origin are doing abnormal flybys in restricted airspace and they have no idea why.
No big deal. All we have here are highly trained pilots reporting and in some cases filming exotic vessels in the sky that violate the laws of physics.
Nothing to see here. So maybe I’ll just grab my umbrella and line up for Avengers: Endgamesince there is no point is worrying about “small spherical objects flying in formation” or “Tic Tac-shaped” aircraft with inexplicable propulsion systems zagging at speeds that make our most advanced jets look like homemade kites.
Or maybe I’ll just go hide under my basement stairs.
First of all, a tip of my X-Files cap to the U.S. Navy. A new reporting system may sound like ho-hum bureaucracy, but this is a monumental decision. For decades, governments around the world have feasted on either silence or denial when inquiring minds prodded about UFOs. Even worse, they often branded eyewitnesses as unreliable kooks and dismissed the very topic as the stuff of sci-fi.
But that is now changing.
At the end of 2017, we learned about a shadowy Pentagon project: the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP). Starting in 2007, it ran for five years with a mission to investigate unexplained aerial phenomenon. While there have been similar programs over the last eight decades — Project Mogul, Project Sign, Project Grudge, Project Blue Book, Project Ozma — AATIP is different because of what happened after it was shuttered: senior officials started talking.
And what they said was startling.
There were dozens of encounters that “defied explanation.” Metal alloys were recovered from some aircraft scientists still can’t identify. As Luis Elizondo, who ran the secret unit, told CNN: “My personal belief is that there is very compelling evidence that we may not be alone.”
Elizondo is featured in History channel’s documentary Unidentified: Inside America’s UFO Investigation, scheduled to air next month. He told the Post this week the new reporting guidelines and this new-found quest to seriously track and investigate sightings is because the navy can no longer pretend this is not happening.
“If I came to you and said, ‘There are these things that can fly over our country with impunity, defying the laws of physics, and within moments could deploy a nuclear device at will,’ that would be a matter of national security,” he said. “This type of activity is very alarming and people are recognizing there are things in our aerospace that lie beyond our understanding.”
What a fascinating time for believers and skeptics alike.
In fact, with Donald Trump in the White House, we might be as close as we’ve ever been to learning what the U.S. government really knows. Whether he’s proposing a new space force or leaning on NASA to do the impossible and send an astronaut to Mars before the end of his first term, Trump grasps the allure of the cosmos.
Plus, this guy can’t keep his mouth shut.
If I were a ufologist, I wouldn’t be wasting time with freedom of information requests or global symposiums. I’d be sneaking into the White House, putting a parental lock on Fox News and telling Trump he could get re-elected in a landslide by becoming the first ever U.S. president to dish on flying discs.
“Sir, ask your Above Top Secret agents about Roswell. Demand photos of downed spaceships — and then share them on Twitter. Tell the Cigarette Smoking Man you want all the files on the reverse-engineering program at Wright-Patterson. Schedule an antigravity briefing. Also, ask if the ETs have given us a date for when the Mothership will return for Stephen Miller.”
Trump’s approval rating would shoot into outer space.
The point is, we are now creeping away from the secrecy of the past and maybe, just maybe, entering a new era of transparency. The truth is still out there and now the people in charge are looking up, and waking up.
The U.S. Navy didn’t say UFOs are real this week.
But they also didn’t say they are not.
And even from here, as I’m cowering under the basement stairs, this dramatic change in tune sounds otherworldly.
The far side of the moon sees its share of sunlight. With all due respect to Pink Floyd, the moon’s far side is dark only in the sense that it’s mysterious. Here’s why.
Looking up at the silvery orb of the moon, you might recognize familiar shadows and shapes on its face from one night to the next. You see the same view of the moon our early ancestors did as it lighted their way after sundown.
Only one side of the spherical moon is ever visible from Earth – it wasn’t until 1959 when theSoviet Spacecraft Luna 3 orbited the moon and sent pictures home that human beings were able to see the “far side” of the moon for the first time.
Comparison of humanity’s first glimpse of the lunar far side and the same view thanks to LRO data 50 years later.
A phenomenon called tidal locking is responsible for the consistent view. The Earth and its moon are in close proximity and thus exert significant gravitational forces on each other. These tidal forces slow the rotations of both bodies. They locked the moon’s rotation in sync with its orbital period relatively soon after it formed – as a product of a collision between a Mars-sized object and the proto-Earth, 100 million years after the solar system coalesced.
The moon’s orbital period and rotational period are the same length of time.
Now the moon takes one trip around the Earth in the same amount of time it takes to make one rotation around its own axis: about 28 days. From Earth, we always see the same face of the moon; from the moon, the Earth stands still in the sky.
The near side of the moon is well studied because we can see it. The astronauts landed on the near side of the moon so they could communicate with NASA here on Earth. All of the samples from the Apollo missions are from the near side.
Buzz Aldrin descends from the lunar module to the surface of the moon on July 20, 1969.
Although the far side of the moon isn’t visible from our vantage point, and with all due respect to Pink Floyd, it is not accurate to call it the dark side of the moon. All sides of the moon experience night and day just like we do here on Earth. All sides have equal amounts of day and night over the course of a single month. A lunar day lasts about two Earth weeks.
With modern satellites, astronomers have completely mapped the lunar surface. A Chinese mission, Chang’e 4, is currently exploring the Aitken Basin on the far side of the moon — the first such mission ever landed there. Researchers hope Chang’e 4 will help answer questions about the crater’s surface features and test whether things can grow in lunar soil. A privately funded Israeli mission, Beresheet, started as a mission to compete for the Google Lunar X Prize. Despite crashing during an attempted landing earlier this month, the Beresheet team still won the Moon Shot Award.
Being shielded from civilization means the far side of the moon is “radio dark.” There, researchers can measure weak signals from the universe that would otherwise be drowned out. Chang’e 4, for instance, will be able to observe low-frequency radio light coming from the sun or beyond that’s impossible to detect here on the Earth due to human activity, such as TV and radio broadcasts and other forms of communication signals. Low-frequency radio peers back in time to the very first stars and the very first black holes, giving astronomers a greater understanding of how the structures of the universe began forming.
Arrows indicate position of Chang’e 4 lander on the floor of the moon’s Von Kármán crater. The sharp crater behind and to the left of the landing site is 12,800 feet (3,900 meters) across and 1,970 feet (600 meters) deep.
Rover missions also investigate all sides of the moon as space scientists prepare for future human missions, looking to the moon’s resources to help humanity get to Mars. For instance, water – discovered by NASA’s LCROSS satellite beneath the moon’s north and south poles in 2009 – can be broken up into hydrogen and oxygen and used for fuel and breathing.
Researchers are getting closer to exploring the moon’s polar craters, some of which have never seen the light of day – literally. They are deep and in just the right place to never have the sun shine onto the crater floor. There are certainly dark parts of the moon, but the whole far side isn’t one of them.
Joseph “Jody” Pendarvis looks out from the top of his UFO Welcome Center on Monday, September 10, 2018, in Bowman. While looking in the sky, Pendarvis points into the distance and says you never know what you may see out there. Andrew J. Whitaker/Staff
By Andrew Whitaker awhitaker@postandcourier.com
BOWMAN — Charleston Highway is the main road through the center of this small town about an hour from Charleston along Interstate 26. There isn’t a stoplight, just a few stop signs.
A once-thriving dairy community in Orangeburg County, Bowman now has just under 1,000 residents. These days, what brings a lot of people to this tiny outpost is the UFO Welcome Center, built by Jody Pendarvis over the past 25 years to greet aliens, should they decide to visit South Carolina.
Pendarvis’ neighbor Devontay Turkvant said he has lived across from the UFO Welcome Center for two years now.
“I grew up on the other side of Bowman and knew all about it my entire life,” Turkvant said. “People are really into this. With the solar eclipse there were a ton of people watching it in his yard.”
Tourists take selfies in front of the UFO Welcome Center as they pass through town on Thursday, Feb. 14, 2019. Andrew J. Whitaker/Staff
By Andrew Whitaker awhitaker@postandcourier.com
Bowman Country Store manager Sonya Patel said people come into the store and ask about the welcome center, wanting to go inside.
“Jody does come in now and then to play his lotto,” she said.
The land where the gas station is on was once owned by Pendarvis’ grandparents, who also had 52 acres of farmland in town.
Mike Mack, a resident of Bowman, was sitting outside the store recently, watching customers go in and out.
“I went up once,” he said of the welcome center. “I thought it would have buttons and lights, but it just had wires dangling in it. I think he’s still building it.”
Built from the ground up
A sign near the outside entrance of the welcome center reads, “Space People Only. Enter at Own Risk, Danger.”
As you walk in the narrow hallway entrance, a visitors’ registry is presented next to a few American flags, a television remote and a toilet. The book asks you to write down your name and what planet you’re from.
The ceiling boards are covered in exposed wires and cables that are intertwined throughout the whole welcome center. Staircases take you to a dome-shaped room at the top, where dozens of pie plates are used as porthole windows. From there, you can look out for any signs of UFOs in the sky or see Jody sitting in front of the TV flipping through to a channel playing old episodes of “Star Trek.”
Rafa Key, 7, and her mother, Danielle Key, were headed back to Charleston from a concert in Charlotte when Rafa saw a billboard that that said “UFO Welcome Center tilt right Bowman.” Jody paid for it himself.
Wearing her Magic Space T-shirt, Rafa’s face lit up as she explored the welcome center’s different rooms and windows.
“She loves everything with spaceships or planets,” her mom said.
As Rafa and her mother left the welcome center, another car pulled up.
Andrew Bowman and his fiancee, Ashley Amstutz, were driving back home to Akron, Ohio, from Gainesville, Fla., when they saw the sign. They took a few cellphone photos, exchanged a few words with Pendarvis and went on their way.
This is a typical day for the UFO Welcome Center. The billboard has helped bring in curious travelers since it went up in May 2018.
A billboard advertising the UFO Welcome Center gives directions to the structure in Bowman for flying saucers to tilt right into town. The billboard has been up since May of 2018. Andrew J. Whitaker/Staff
By Andrew Whitaker awhitaker@postandcourier.com
The welcome center began as an office space outside of Pendarvis’ trailer. It sprung up without a diagram or any plans, just a place where he could work. He used plywood and material he found from his grandparents’ property or that was discarded around town.
“I walked into town hall and applied for a building permit and got an application to run for mayor,” he said. “I got 41 votes.”
On a recent Monday, Pendarvis parked his spray-painted truck next to the UFO Welcome Center with two large wooden planks in the back. He was just getting back from the out-of-town hardware store for supplies to add support beams to the 16-foot-tall, 46-foot-wide welcome center. After unloading, he went straight to his circular saw and cut the wood to fit precisely along the walls. He has been continually adding onto the structure since he first started it in 1994.
A view of the town of Bowman, along with the UFO Welcome Center, on Tuesday, April 9, 2019. Lauren Petracca/Staff
By Lauren Petracca lpetracca@postandcourier.com
An eccentric passion project
Bowman Mayor Marion Glenn said he wants to make the UFO Welcome Center more of a true town welcome center.
“I have been trying to persuade him for years to have something more attractive inside and out. I want to have people come in and look at it, with different drawings and things that promote the town. It could show where town hall is and where families could come and take pictures.”
Pendarvis is indifferent about it and said he will hand it over once he’s gone, but for now it’s Jody’s Welcome Center.
Former Fire Chief Ethel Sue Davis isn’t a fan of the center.
“It’s an eyesore. I’m surprised one of the hurricanes hasn’t knocked it over yet.”
To Pendarvis, it all just rolls off his back.
“The day I went into town hall for a building permit I also got an application to run for mayor,” Jody Pendarvis said, referring back to 1994 when he first constructed what is now known as the UFO Welcome Center in Bowman. He first started to build an office space outside of his trailer without any diagram or plans but then changing it to a welcome center for aliens. Andrew J. Whitaker/Staff
By Andrew Whitaker awhitaker@postandcourier.com
Maggie Sanford of Orangeburg met Jody when he struck up a conversation with her at Waffle House, where she works. She has known about the welcome center since it was first built.
Photos: UFO Welcome Center a destination in Bowman for 25 years
Joseph ‘Jody’ Pendarvis, 68, a local celebrity started building on his property in 1994 what is now known as the UFO Welcome Center in Bowman, South Carolina.
The Navy is reportedly drafting guidelines on how to report UFO sightings, like the apparent one here, seen in a declassified Department of Defense video.
(DoD screenshot)
Encounters with unidentified aircraft by pilots have once again prompted Department of Defense officials to take action.
More specifically, the Navy confirmed that the service is drafting guidelines to establish a formal process for pilots and military personnel to report UFO sightings,Politico first reported.
The move comes following a surge in what the Navy called a series of intrusions by advanced aircraft on Navy carrier strike groups.
“There have been a number of reports of unauthorized and/or unidentified aircraft entering various military-controlled ranges and designated air space in recent years,” a Navy spokesperson told Politico.
"For safety and security concerns, the Navy and the [U.S. Air Force] takes these reports very seriously and investigates each and every report.
To improve upon past investigations, the Navy wants to establish a formal process so that “such suspected incursions can be made to cognizant authorities.”
The Navy confirmed a fleet-wide message on the UFO-reporting initiative is in the works.
While this development comes sans any admission of the existence of alien life, it signals a return to DoD acknowledgement that the series of recently documented encounters are at least authentic enough to warrant further investigation.
So prevalent was the DoD’s interest in tracking the phenomena years ago that it established a program inside the Pentagon solely dedicated to investigating reports of UFO sightings.
The existence of the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program, which ran from 2007 until 2012, was confirmed by DoD officials in December 2017, who noted it was done away with when it "was determined that there were other, higher priority issues that merited funding and it was in the best interest of the DoD to make a change.”
Former military intelligence official Luis Elizondo, who claims to have spearheaded the AATIP, told Politico the Pentagon should be taking a more aggressive approach to analyzing data surrounding UFO encounters.
“If you are in a busy airport and see something you are supposed to say something,” he said.
“With our own military members it is kind of the opposite: ‘If you do see something, don’t say something. ... What happens in five years if it turns out these are extremely advanced Russian aircraft?”
Elizondo will be appearing in a six-part documentary series titled “Unidentified: Inside America’s UFO Investigation™" — the trademark symbol is part of the title — alongside other former Pentagon officials and Blink-182 co-founder Tom DeLonge, who founded To the Stars Academy of Arts and Sciences as a means to prove the existence of alien life.
Joining Elizondo on the History Channel docuseries is former deputy assistant secretary of defense for intelligence for both the Clinton and Bush administrations, Chris Mellon.
Mellon, who was also instrumental in drafting the legislation that led to the creation of Special Operations Command, echoed Elizondo’s call for a formal reporting process.
“Right now, we have situation in which UFOs and UAPs are treated as anomalies to be ignored rather than anomalies to be explored,” he told Politico. “We have systems that exclude that information and dump it.”
Mellon cited a number of examples in which military personnel simply “don’t know what to do with that information — like satellite data or a radar that sees something going Mach 3."
“They will dump [the data] because that is not a traditional aircraft or missile,” he said.
DeLonge’s To the Stars shot onto everyone’s radar last year after the company released a declassified 2015 video that reportedly showed U.S. Navy pilots encountering a UFO.
The clip, called “GO FAST,” is "an authentic DoD video that captures the high-speed flight of an unidentified aircraft at low altitudes,” a TTSA press release said.
Such encounters have sparked questions from congressional lawmakers who have requested briefings by the Navy’s senior intelligence officials and members of its aviation community, the report said.
The Navy did not specify who had requested briefings.
In 2017, then-Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, along with former Sens. Ted Stevens, R-Alaska, and Daniel Inouye, D-Hawaii, openly backed the establishment of the AATIP.
“I’m not embarrassed or ashamed or sorry I got this thing going,” Reid told the New York Times in 2017. “I think it’s one of the good things I did in my congressional service. I’ve done something that no one has done before.”
Dr. Hal Puthoff, a NASA quantum physicist and DoD adviser, and Jim Semivan, a former senior intelligence member of the CIA, will also be lending their expertise to the History Channel’s upcoming series, which is set to debut in May.
Elizondo, Mellon, Puthoff and Semivan all currently work for TTSA.
The US Military has not outlined procedures for reporting UFOs in decades. Now, the Navy is writing up new plans for reporting UFOs. Why now? First, let’s talk a bit more about the significance of this news.
Politico broke this story yesterday in an article titled, “U.S. Navy drafting new guidelines for reporting UFOs.” The article states, “a significant new step in creating a formal process to collect and analyze the unexplained sightings — and destigmatize them.”
I think the last sentence is a key one because it would seem this stigma has caused the military to do a lot of linguistic gymnastics in the past when it comes to UFOs. It seems intuitively obvious that the military would be interested in aircraft entering U.S. airspace that cannot be identified. However, when you contact nearly any government agency requesting information about an unidentified object, the response is typical that they do not research UFOs anymore, so go elsewhere.
I know this first hand as a reporter and a previous UFO field investigator with the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON). The first case I investigated was a report from a bank security guard who had just returned from active duty in the middle east. Because of his training and experience, he was very aware of his surroundings. He had spotted an object in the sky west of Denver that was in the flight path of commercial airlines. After examining it on a couple of occasions and it still being there after a couple of rounds, he tried to call it in, but no one cared.
He called the FAA, the airport, the police, the news, but they said they didn’t have anything to do with UFOs. Finally, a news station suggested he call MUFON. He said MUFON was the only group who listened. I called the FAA, I knew he had reported it, but they said they had no record and I should call a different UFO group, the National UFO Reporting Center (NUFORC).
To me this was shocking. There is an unknown object which could potentially be posing a threat to the commercial aircraft nearby, and no one cared. The stigma attached to UFOs has caused a blind spot to taking public reports seriously.
The last time the military looked into the UFO phenomenon, there were publicly available instructions on how the military was to report UFOs. It was part of a joint system with Canada, ran by the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD). They even provided a poster to help military personnel know what to report and how. It included pictures of a Buck Rodgers looking UFO and a classic flying disk.
This was in the 1950s, and the U.S. Air Force still had an ongoing UFO investigation project called Project Blue Book. However, after Blue Book closed, everything UFO related was much more hush hush. Is this because they found aliens? Probably not. It was likely more about the stigma. They did not want to be embarrassed. Air Force Brigadier General wrote a memo when Blue Book closed that said UFO reports that “could effect national security” were made outside of Blue Book under a different reporting structure anyway.
So changing this stigma will be important if the Navy is to continue a positive approach to the UFO issue. It has been this stigma that has caused people to laugh, or run from the idea of UFOs. Scientists and journalists fear addressing the UFO topic can hurt their credibility. No doubt the Navy understands they are taking on this ridicule factor by setting up these guidelines.
Here is the full Navy statement. I received it via email from Douglas Johnson, a legislative strategy consultant in D.C. He says the statement comes from Joseph Gradisher, spokesperson for Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Information Warfare. It is very similar to what Politico shared.
"There have been a number of reports of unauthorized and/or unidentified aircraft entering various military-controlled ranges and designated air space in recent years. For safety and security concerns, the Navy and the USAF take these reports very seriously and investigate each and every report. As part of this effort, the Navy is updating and formalizing the process by which reports of any such suspected incursions can be made to the cognizant authorities. A new message to the fleet that will detail the steps for reporting is in draft. In response to requests for information from Congressional members and staff, Navy officials have provided a series of briefings by senior Naval Intelligence officials as well as aviators who reported hazards to aviation safety."
So how did we get here? There are clues in this statement, but any listeners to Open Minds UFO Radio or followers of OpenMinds.tv, already know this.
In 2004, outside of San Diego, the USS Nimitz Carrier Strike group encountered UFOs on several occasions. In one incident, jets were zeroed in on the object, and a jet fighter attempted to chase one. He described the object as looking like a giant Tic Tac. The object turned towards him as he approached, then began to match his maneuvers before shooting off at incredible speed. Read more about this encounter here.
The pilot of the jet fighter was Commander David Fravor. His story was included in a New York Timesarticle in December 2017 that broke the story of the existence of a Pentagon project that investigated UFOs. The Nimitz encounter was one this program had looked into. The program was called the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP), and the man who exposed its existence was the former head of the program, Luis Elizondo.
After the New York Times story was published, Elizondo and Fravor have done numerous interviews on network news programs. Since then, even more Nimitz witnesses have come forward. As far as we know, publicly, these are some of the witnesses the Navy is referring to.
As for briefings, Elizondo has said, publicly, he would only share the information that is his to share, and that is not classified. Some of what he will not share is information that may not be classified but has not been shared by the owners of the information. In other words, he is respecting his colleague’s decisions as to what they would like to make public.
Instead, Elizondo has stressed that this information should not come from him anyway and that he has been working behind the scenes to encourage the people with the information to share it.
Elizondo now works for To the Stars Academy of Arts and Sciences (TTSA), a company started by rock star Tom DeLonge, formerly of Blink-182. His coworkers include several former intelligence officers. An acronym we often see we should familiarize ourselves with is IC (intelligence community). In other words, TTSA has connections inside the IC.
This is significant because the Navy says “In response to requests for information from Congressional members and staff, Navy officials have provided a series of briefings by senior Naval Intelligence officials as well as aviators who reported hazards to aviation safety.”
In a previous article by Poltico's Bryan Bender, he asked members of congress if the AATIP news had changed their minds on UFOs. A ranking member fo the House subcommittee on space said it encouraged him to raise the question of holding hearings on UFOs.
Nick Pope wrote an article for the UK newspaper, The Guardian, in which he outlined months ago that Congress was being briefed by Nimitz encounter witnesses and on the nature of AATIP. While no one in AATIP worked for Naval Intelligence that I am aware of, apparently TTSA IC counterparts seem also to have been aware of these UFO encounters, and perhaps even more.
Some have said, "well the Navy has been interested in this stuff for a long time, so it is no shocker they are making these guidelines." I disagree. Given that it has been decades since guidelines like this have been in place, I think the timing is significant. I think it is no coincidence that after a large amount of public and congressional interest in AATIP and the Nimitz encounter that they also had a significant effect on influencing this decision by the Navy. The Politico article covers a lot of this as well and also seems to make this connection.
There is one last point to make. Tom Delonge posted this comment on Instagram, along with the Politico story yesterday:
“ADMISSION OF UFOs BEING REAL in @politico’s groundbreaking article is a DIRECT RESULT of @tothestarsacademy’s quiet efforts coordinating briefings to the Legislative and Executive Branch. TTSA has been working at the highest levels of the Navy, DOD and other Agencies to help create an architecture for dealing with the reality and National Security issues related to UFOs. Chris Mellon, Chairman of the TTSA ADVISORY BOARD, worked diligently for the greater part of a year on this breakthrough National Security Policy—- And yes, this is an admission by the NAVY that these Unidentified Aerial Vehicles are real. We are appreciative that @POLITICOmentions @tothestarsacademy in the article, but few will know that we initiated the entire effort. Thank you to everyone for believing in us, and there is so much more to come ;)”
There is no reason to doubt DeLonge here. DeLonge, personally, deserves more credit than he is boasting here. According to Elizondo, he was not planning on being outspoken about AATIP when he retired from the Pentagon. Elizondo was asked to join TTSA, who sought to investigate UFOs, and when TTSA was announced in October of 2017, Elizondo was introduced in the lineup as a former intelligence officer who worked on a UFO project in the Pentagon. This was the first time the public heard of this, and if it was not for DeLonge creating TTSA and recruiting Elizondo, none of this might have happened. What’s more, in the above Instagram post, DeLonge says more is on the way. Again, there is no reason to doubt him, so buckle in and stay tuned!
Read more about how Tom DeLonge's government connections and how he got TTSA started here.
*This article was corrected to properly attribute the "destigmatize" quote at the beginning of the article. Thank you to David Haith for pointing out the mistake.
Strange objects have reportedly been seen flying, floating and, at least in one famous incident five centuries ago in Nuremberg, Germany, apparently fighting in our skies for thousands of years. Stunning eye-witness accounts of what happened one early morning above sixteenth-century Nuremberg on April 14, 1561, describe numerous multi-colored spherical "globes," disc-like "plates," blood-red "crosses," larger "rods" or cylindrical "tubes" containing round objects and one massive triangular or spear-shaped black object doing fierce aerial battle for more than an hour until some flew off "into the sun" while others crashed to earth in a cloud of smoke or "steam." Hallucination? Waking vision? If so, it was shared and attested to by many medieval Nuremberg residents that extraordinary day. (See two different artist's renderings around that time of what was witnessed and documented in the Nuremberg Gazette above and below. Five years later, an almost identical incident allegedly took place in Basel, Switzerland.) While obviously one of the most dramatic and remarkable of such widely reported phenomena, the Nuremberg event is but one of countless sightings of similarly oddly shaped spherical, saucer-like, triangular and cylindrical objects over the past five-hundred years, sometimes by highly credible witnesses such as commercial or military pilots and police officers. What really is it that they are seeing?
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In 1958, the year Swiss psychiatrist and depth psychologist C.G. Jung celebrated his 83rd birthday three years before his death, he published a very controversial work about UFO's, at that time popularly referred to as "flying saucers." Later titled Flying Saucers: A Modern Myth of Things Seen in the Sky (Princeton University Press, 1979), Jung's concern was less whether or not these UFO's objectively, physically or materially exist than with their subjective, phenomenological inner reality, psychological meaning and spiritual significance. (See my prior posts on subjective and objective reality.) Jung's emphasis on our fundamental human need for meaning in the face of a seemingly meaningless universe is something he shared with existential analysts like Otto Rank, Viktor Frankl and Rollo May. Meaning and the problem of meaninglessness is one of the ultimate concerns of existential psychotherapy. Psychiatrist Viktor Frankl felt that we all possess an innate, instinctual "will to meaning": an inherent need to make sense of life, to find some purpose. When this innate need is unmet or frustrated, when we find ourselves living in what Frankl called an "existential vacuum," despair, rage, depression and embitterment ensue. (See my prior posts on anger disorder.) Indeed, Dr. Frankl proposed the following somewhat simplistic formula: D = S - M. Despair equals suffering without meaning. Meaning makes suffering more bearable. So naturally, we tend to seek meaning in life as much as possible. We want to make sense of the seemingly senseless. Atrribute meaning to the apparently absurd. Assign significance to the insignificant. Both Jung and Rank, unlike their mutual mentor, Sigmund Freud, believed we need meaningful illusions, myths or religious beliefs to improve or preserve mental health. Rollo May, in his last work, The Cry for Myth (1991), clearly illustrates the vital psychological importance of myths that help give meaning to human existence. Soren Kierkegaard, a philosophical forerunner of existential therapy, felt that life is fundamentally meaningful, and that it is our task to discover that mysterious spiritual meaning. At the same time, like French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre, existential therapy recognizes the possibility that life may be basically meaningless except to the extent we bravely imbue it with meaning. That life holds no hidden meaning other than that which we choose to give it. And that without the courageous capacity to tolerate life's partial or complete meaninglessness, we are, as Freud held regarding religious dogma, susceptible to believing almost anything in order to allay our anxiety about the unknown and satisfy our insatiable need for meaning.
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Now, more than fifty years following the original publication of Jung's essay about the depth psychology of UFO's, this enigmatic mystery remains both vital and fascinating: If UFO's are objectively real, what does their persisting existence and presence on this planet signify? And if they are not real in any physical sense, mere mirages, misperceptions or misinterpretations, fantastic figments of our fertile and meaning-making imagination, what does this say about us? As Pablo Picasso put it, "Everything you can imagine is real." Could UFO's turn out to be phenomena of our own creation? Deeply embedded archetypal images stored in and stemming from what Jung called our "collective unconscious"? Of course, given the greatly enhanced ability today to capture and document (as well as fake using sophisticated computer programs like Photoshop) such sightings with video and cell phone cameras, and the cumulative collection of photographic and other evidence available, to totally deny their physical existence out of hand seems not merely skeptical, but somewhat naive and defensive. A solipsistic, hyper-psychological, one-sided explanation. On the other hand, their continued elusiveness, evasiveness, rarity and the lack of unequivocal validation requires, much like religion, a significant leap of faith to overcome the absence of irrefutable proof of their reality. Why do some enthusiastically take this leap of faith, while others refuse to do so? Gullibility? Hypersuggestibility? Psychopathology? Desperation for something otherworldly to believe in? And why do we so strongly feel the need to somehow identify and rationally explain these, by definition, unidentified and irrational phenomena? Is it simply human curiosity?
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The unknown is a frightening thing. As with primitive man and natural phenomena such as solar or lunar eclipses, fire, floods, thunder, lightning, volcanoes, earthquakes or tornadoes, we tend to fear the unknown and create stories or myths to explain them. This serves the purpose of assuaging our existential anxiety in the face of these terrifying phenomena. Science today has succeeded in explaining such formerly inexplicable phenomena. But UFO's are something modern science cannot yet explain. Their reported characteristics and behavior defy physics, seem more organismic than mechanical, and transcend any anthropomorphic projections we place upon them. Are they, as most believe, brilliantly engineered space ships controlled by humanoid pilots? Or rather some organic form of intelligent life we cannot comprehend? While tales of such visitations have been occurring for millennia if not longer, our collective postmodern fascination took off in the 1950's following the now infamous 1947 Roswell, New Mexico case, and came to a cinematic climax in 1977 with director Steven Spielberg's classic Close Encounters of the Third Kind.Hundreds if not thousands of sightings and photographs of strange objects in the skies over every continent around the world are officially filed annually.
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For decades, starting notably during the 1950's and taking off with the alleged 1961 Barney and Betty Hill alien abduction case in Massachusetts, otherwise sober and quite rational individuals have recounted being abducted by such alien crafts and their non-human occupants. What's up? Mass hysteria? Archetypal nightmares? Psychosis? Or waking reality? Fact or fiction? The late Harvard psychiatrist and psychoanalyst John E. Mack took a special interest in this bizarre yet, to him, not necessarily pathological phenomenon, taking and treating seriously sufferers of so-called traumatic alien abduction in his private practice and clinical research.
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Whether real physical phenomena or no less subjectively real to those who experience such alien encounters and sightings, we instinctively seek to make meaning of them. Science is one way of imposing rational meaning on unknown phenomena. Religion is another. Mythology is a third. Indeed, it can be said that both science and religion are forms of mythology. Myths express existential truths that defy logical or rational explanations. Myths, however, are by no means necessarily untrue, as common usage has it. Myths contain archetypal truths about human existence and experience. Myth is how we attribute meaning to our existence and experience--no myth, no meaning. Myth is a way of looking at the world, the cosmos, ourselves and our place in and relationship to reality. UFO's, in this sense, are very much part of our collective mythology, both past and present. The UFO phenomenon (like the "possession syndrome" discussed in a previous post) is one of the few profound existential mysteries modern science has yet to explain away, despite its best efforts. As Spielberg so skillfully and insightfully demonstrates in Close Encounters of the Third Kind, witnessing UFO's is associated with a profoundly numinous, spiritual or religious experience. An existential quest for meaning. An unforgettable experience of awe, wonder and even child-like joy. A life-altering and mind-opening confirmation of Shakespeare's hint in Hamlet that "there are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, than are dreamt of in your philosophy."
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At the same time, there is a dark side to this potently numinous experience, a deep fear and dread of the UFO phenomenon, as can be seen in these terrifying tales of abduction by monstrous grey-skinned, insect-eyed aliens conducting torturous testing on their confused, disoriented and helpless victims. And the threat of invasion, colonization and interplanetary war as depicted in H.G. Wells' War of the Worlds and movies like Invasion of the Body Snatchers andIndependence Day. Alternately, films like The Day the Earth Stood Still, Cocoon, and ET depict the inhabitants of UFO's to be beneficent, peaceful beings with god-like powers capable of benefitting mankind immensely-- depending upon how we relate to them.
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Like good guardian angels, they are sent here to save us from ourselves or to deliver some life-saving cosmic message or warning to divert disaster. But they are typically met with suspicion, hostility and aggression, further endangering and impoverishing the world. Yet an equally dangerous response would be to naively deny the potential evil such powerful foreign phenomena could actually visit upon us, a possibility evidently not lost on our various governments world-wide.
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It may be that our combined fascination and dread of what's "out there" waiting to be discovered in our universe is a metaphor or mirror for how we feel about our inner universe: that unknown territory depth psychologists refer to as the "unconscious." Perhaps, as in dreams, we project our own personal or collective devils and demons onto the phenomena known as UFO's, deeming them a direct threat to our sense of self and belief system. Seeing them as something evil that must be resisted, attacked and exterminated at all costs rather than met, understood and assimilated into our rigid Weltanschauung or world-view. Surely for some, the perceived aliens serve defensively as scapegoats from outer space onto which dissociated traumatic life events like childhood abuse can be conveniently and unconsciously projected and experienced as being perpetrated by these demonic, all-powerful foreign devils rather than the offending evil parentsor child molestors from the past. The archetypal imagery of invasive flying entities--be they winged demons or aliens in spaceships--is quite commonly found in dreams and the waking delusions of psychosis, serving as symbolic representations of evil forces felt to be influencing the patient against his or her will. Yet, from the standpoint of depth psychology, these disturbing "evil forces," unacceptable feelings or unfamiliar impulses originate not from some external source such as aliens, demons or the devil, but rather from within our disowned unconscious psyche. Seizing upon the idea of alien abduction or remote telepathic manipulation serves as a way of making meaning of massive internal chaos and confusion.
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There is no doubt that the perception of UFO's is experientially similar to other miraculous events recorded in religious history, like Moses seeing the burning bush on Mt. Sinai, visitations by angels, ghosts or a god's physical manifestation on Earth. In this sense, we need, even crave such dream-like visionary phenomena: UFO's, whatever they really are or are not, from wherever they come and the purpose, if any, of their presence, remind us that there is still much we don't know about ourselves and our environment. That we may not be completely and utterly alone in this vast universe. That we can not necessarily continue to narcissistically consider ourselves the unique, superior pinnacle of life and center of the cosmos. That there are far greater powers at play in the universe, for better or worse. And that, luckily, we are still capable of experiencing something that lifts us out of our everyday, mundane, ordinary, banal, often seemingly purposeless lives, and reminds us, if only momentarily, what it means to be fully, ecstatically alive in a universe filled with beauty, mystery, terror, danger and wonder. Indeed, it is precisely the profoundly mysterious and mythic nature of UFO's that, like dreams, makes them so psychologically powerful. As with all natural or metaphysical phenomena, once science dissects, analyzes and mechanistically explains such mysteries, their numinous, spiritual, potentially healing power is deadened or lost. Like religion, faith in the reality of UFO's provides something to believe in for many in need of more meaningful lives. Today, in a time of cultural chaos and economic crisis, when many are prone to lose or question their faith, sense of purpose, and capacity to find life meaningful and worth living, we may need UFO's--whatever their origin, nature, enigmatic mission or psychological meaning may be--more than they need us.
Up to this point,the extent of my involvement in exploring anomalous aerial phenomena (for the sake of common colloquial familiarity – UFOs) was solely limited to my academic and avocationist experience in research cognitive psychology. However, inspired by a recent conversation with the creator and curator ofThe Black Vaultwebsite and author of the recently published bookInside the Black Vault: The Government's UFO Secrets Revealed - John Greenewald, I found myself deciding to proverbially throw my hat down a different avenue and employ my professional experience as a criminal investigator to examine the UFO phenomena.
Now, as sluggishly frustrating as the federal Freedom of Information Act process can be, as a career law enforcement and criminal investigator, I’m keenly aware that open records requests at the state and local level are far more responsive. In fact, it’s been my experience that local FOIA requests are typically returned in minutes or hours, as opposed to months or years at the federal level. Equally, until taking early retirement in the summer of 2018, having spent the first half of my professional life in law enforcement, I’m also well aware that, anomalous, paranormal events, albeit infrequently, ARE indeed reported to local authorities.
To test my hypothesis that nuggets of information-gold are out there just waiting to be mined from local governments, I decided to go after any information I could find on the FBI “raid” of Bob Lazar’s business United Nuclear Scientific. An event that was depicted in Jeremy Corbell’s 2018 documentary – Bob Lazar: Area 51 & Flying Saucers. As I had predicted, less than 48 hours later, the Laingsburg Michigan Police Department responded to my request.
What I found in the Laingsburg Police’s 2-page report on the search of United Nuclear, was more than I ever could’ve hoped for.
For clarity’s sake; police reports documenting a local agency’s involvement or assistance with an outside agency is extremely common. Generally, these are referred to as “Agency Assist” reports. However, I’ll admit, when it comes to the Laingsburg police department’s report describing the search of United Nuclear, it’s definitely unique from the countless similar reports I’ve seen in my career. The primary distinguishing factor being significant amount of details contained in the report. Typically, these types of reports are little more than two or three sentences. Essentially, “We came, we assisted, we left.”
Now, potentially, in a town with a population of only 1,200, in Laingsburg, Michigan time lends itself to being wordy in a fairly mundane report. Equally, the reporting officer may have been aware of Bob Lazar’s controversial past, and as such, the atypical addition of minutiae could’ve been inspired by the reporting officer’s (correct) consideration that a search of Lazar’s business could generate wide interest. Either reason would be speculation on my part; however, what’s less speculative is the fact that, thanks to this well documented report, some very interesting details are revealed.
The Laingsburg Police’s report is indeed an “Agency Assist” report, which details the July 19, 2017, search of United Nuclear Scientific- the business owned and operated by alleged “former Area-51 employee and UFO whistleblower,” Bob Lazar.
Though not directly stated in the report, it can be inferred the stated purpose for the search of Lazar’s business stems from the 2015 murder of 31-year-old Janel Sturzl in Houghton, Michigan. The quick back story on this:
After the sudden onset of an unknown, debilitating illness, Janel Sturzl was hospitalized in the fall of 2015. After being transferred to the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, it was discovered that Janel had been poison by lethal levels of thallium. Sadly, on December 22, 2015, Janel Sturzl passed away from the effects of the poisoning. Houghton Police classified her death as a homicide, and the Western Upper Peninsula Health Department, Michigan State Police and FBI agreed to assist in finding this young woman’s killer.
Back to the Lazar search; for me, one of the most intriguing details of the report comes from the inference that, at least initially, Bob Lazar was being viewed as a suspect by the FBI. To be clear, nothing from the report makes me think law enforcement thought Lazar was directly involved in the murder of Janel Sturzl. Instead, there’s the suggestion the FBI thought Lazar was potentially involved in the unlawful possession or distribution of toxic chemicals. The basis for my saying this comes from several items listed in the Laingsburg Police report.
For starters, the reporting officer - referred in the report’s narrative by the acronym for “reporting officer”: R/O - details he was briefed by the FBI of their intention to conduct a search warrant on United Nuclear Scientific, two days before the search was to take place. Clearly, the extent of the officer’s initial conversation with the FBI is unknown. However, whatever was discussed was significant enough to inspire the officer to check the department’s records to see if the agency had any prior contact with Lazar. Typically, the only reason for this would be to determine if any relevant past police contact might indicate a person poses a threat.
In an effort to be objectively fair, I want to caveat my last statements by reminding a reader the Laingsburg Police Department is a very small agency. Likely, the FBI coming to town is not a common event, and the mere fact the feds were preparing to conduct a search in Laingsburg may have been enough to excite the local police officials. The fact the reporting officer did an intelligence analysis of Bob Lazar or United Nuclear Scientific is intriguing to me could be a result of bias having worked considerably alongside all of the federal law enforcement agencies over the years. In essence, what may have been exciting to Laingsburg Police, would have been viewed as – “Oh great, this is going to be a pain in the ass,” to me. Especially, in my last position as Assistant Patrol Commander; having to consider allocation of resources and man power, etc. But I digress…
Another detail that makes me think the FBI didn’t view Lazar as merely a witness, relates to aspects of the report describing the FBI’s search warrant of United Nuclear Scientific.
According to the report, the purpose of the search was relating to a “homicide investigation out of Houghton, MI involving poison” The scope of the search warrant pertained to “records and poisons that Lazar does sell.”
The report’s author suggests the FBI’s goal was not to simply obtain copies of sales records for past client purchases; as it’s been implied. Instead, the FBI’s intent was to physically search the property of United Nuclear Scientific for contraband – namely toxic poisons. Confirmation this isn’t simply a “records check” is further supported by the fact the report describes the pre-op briefing and actual execution of the search, with a HAZMAT team going in to clear the building before other investigators conducted the search.
The most compelling evidence of the FBI’s discerning view of Bob Lazar comes from statements of Lazar being observed by “the surveillance team” leave his home and arrive at United Nuclear Scientific on the day of the search. To be clear, this means the FBI either had one surveillance team monitoring and following Lazar from his home to work; or they had two separate surveillance teams stationed near his home and business. Regardless of which is correct, coordinated surveillance is NOT common practice for how law enforcement attempts to collect evidence from witnesses not, at least peripherally, suspected of involvement in criminal acts.
The police report further documents a “small group” speaking with Lazar; who evidently waived his Fourth Amendment Rights and gave law enforcement permission to search the premise. Giving credit to Lazar here, unlike the inferences made by law enforcement, giving voluntary consent to search, is not typically something observed by person’s guilty of illegal activity.
Going back to the remarkable number of details provided in the police report, the reporting officer tips off an intriguing aspect of this search, when he states, “The FBI also had a search warrant in case consent was not given.”
Basically, it’s already been established early on in the report that the search of United Nuclear Scientific was a fairly involved production. However, in reaffirming the existence of a search warrant, confirms there was never really an option of saying “no.” Instead, the FBI had seemingly established enough probable cause to convince a judge a search warrant was justified.
Curious minds would love to know what facts were provided to a judge in the affidavit for the search warrant. However, since the basis for the search - the murder of Janel Sturzl - is still an on-going investigation, all records, including the affidavit for the search warrant of United Nuclear are sealed. Of course, the civil rights investigator and curious bystander in me, wishes Bob Lazar had denied consent to search and forced the FBI to produce the search warrant. At least this way they would have had to provide Lazar with a copy of the affidavit, and the return of the search warrant would have filed in federal court – de facto subject to open records at the present.
Relating to how the search of Lazar’s business was depicted in Jeremy Corbell’s documentary; considering the report mentions the FBI, a HAZMAT team, at least two Laingsburg Police Officers, and “different groups” (likely state police and forensic technicians) being involved – I’m inclined to say the descriptions used in Corbell’s film of a large scale police operation, are likely very accurate. As far as the implication the FBI decided to search United Nuclear in hopes of finding some extraterrestrial artifact Bob Lazar, may or may not have stolen, from a top-secret government facility, he may or may not have worked at, or as a bully tactic because of Corbell’s filming, is something that’s up for interpretation at this point.
A quick check of the United Nuclear Scientific website shows the business indeed sells Thallium. However, unlike the Thallium that would have been used to kill Janel Sturzl, United Nuclear only sells harmless radioactive Thallium isotopes that are fused and a part of epoxy disks. The substance referred to as “the poisoner’s poison,” which would’ve been used to kill Mrs. Sturzl would have been Thallium sulfate – an odorless, tasteless, fine powder form of the toxic post-transition metal. Could one speculate that Bob Lazar secretly sells banned poisonous chemicals on the black market? Sure. However, it’s important to note, the FBI clearly didn’t find anything of that nature during their search – as Bob Lazar is still a free man.
Objectively, as a career law enforcement officer, instructor, and internationally qualified police expert, are there details in the police report I find odd or inconsistent with a benign inquiry for material evidence? Yes…
Equally, from the events described in the report, would I say the search of United Nuclear Scientific was a fairly involved and highly coordinated operation? Indeed, I would...
Finally, in light of the apparent oddities involved in the search, is there enough aspects that suggests this entire event could have a prosaic explanation related to the investigative efforts at solving a tragic murder? Also yes…
In the end, just as all legitimate research in the topic of UFOs, when it comes to the “Bob Lazar FBI raid,” there’s enough verifiable facts to support either side of the fence one is inclined to lean on. Objectively, the only real conclusions that can be drawn from these documents is the realization, “The Truth is Out There” – somewhere.
For me, the “Bob Lazar Raid” is the epitome of the entire UFO enigma.
At the core, the only true consistency with the UFO phenomena is “its” steadfast commitment towards enigmatic and elusive displays of an intelligence that disobeys and rejects conventional norms and pragmatic understandings. As a good friend recently said to me, “It is as if the phenomenon uses our love of the chase as the main motivator to entice us.”
Ultimately, I set out to examine the Bob Lazar raid from the vantage of a criminal investigator. However, while forcefully disallowing myself from forming any conclusions that weren’t rooted in established fact, yet again, I was left holding a strange tapestry with threads of my research in consciousness and perception intricately woven within.
The Bob Lazar raid isn’t just situational symbolism for the UFO phenomena because it leaves those who seek the truth left holding nothing more concrete than shreds of subjective ideological beliefs. Instead, it is embodiment of the only uniformity I’ve come to find during my examination of anomalous phenomena. Whatever, “it” is, seems to function like a technological reality generator. In the case of the Bob Lazar raid, two different persons will look at the Laingsburg Police report and end up walking away with two completely different perspectives.
One will sit back and see the atypical nature of the FBI’s search of United Nuclear Scientific as vindication of Bob Lazar’s claims of having worked on secret UFO technology, and the government’s commitment to keep this extraterrestrial Pandora’s Box closed.
Conversely, another will say how the report confirms Bob Lazar as a ne’er-do-well, seemingly surrounded by nefarious happenstances, and exactly the type of person who would create the whole Area-15/alien technology hoax.
Into the ether of collective consciousness, these different perceptions of the same exact event, will give birth to two contrasting realities. It is as if whether physical, immaterial, spiritual, extraterrestrial, or whatever one believes, the non-localistic and dualistic lack of definition seems to be the phenomena’s most distinguishing purpose.
From an existential perspective, indeed, these contrasting realities serve a greater purposes. For one tells us to seek realities which we have not yet come to know. The other, reminds us never to become so lost in the pursuit, that we forgot the existing reality around us.
Alas… the coyote – the archetype trickster god – cackles, as once again his tail escapes just beyond our grasp.
* Authors Note:
In the PDF version provided in this article of the Laingsburg Police Report, the author has redacted some details that were not originally redacted in the documents provided. Chiefly, the names of the FBI Agents, and Police Officers have been redacted from the original materials provided to the author. The author did validated that all names in the report are of real law enforcement officials, and there was nothing about their positions or experience that caused me any suspicion of their credentials. Given the subject matter and propensity for conspiracy theories to run wild, the author took the liberty of redacting those law enforcement official's names in effort to try and prevent them from any potential undue harassment.
Lastly, the author encourages anyone, regardless of their opinions or thoughts on Bob Lazar, Area-51, or UFOs, to please consider intertwined in this entire event surrounding the search of United Nuclear Scientific, is the very real, untimely, and tragic death of a young woman - Janel Sturzl. Consider Ms. Sturzl has friends, families, and loved ones who've undoubtably been affected by her death. Regardless, of personal views, please be respectful to those who've endured Ms. Sturzl's loss of life.
Nestled to the south of Vandenberg Air Force Base's massive 15,000-foot runway and connected to it by a long, private taxiway sits a peculiar facility encased inside two layers of security fencing, with its entrance from the taxiway only accessible via a pair of sliding gates. At first glance, its appearance is reminiscent of a high-security prison, but this facility is meant to keep people out, not keep them in. But the origins of this highly peculiar installation are far higher-profile in nature than whatever its mission is now.
Years ago, I wrote a feature on Vandenberg Air Force Base's Space Launch Complex Six (SLC-6) very colorful, but not widely known past. It was built to launch the Air Force's own Space Shuttle and was a far cry from the expansive Apollo-inherited infrastructure NASA's Space Shuttles operated from at Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Instead, SLC-6 was a remarkably compact facility tucked between the California coastline and the Santa Ynez mountain range. To put it simply, it looked like something right out of a James Bond movie, not reality.
SLC-6 with Enterprise mocked-up on the pad.
Part of the infrastructure needed for the USAF's Space Shuttle program beyond SLC-6 was an Orbiter Processing Facility (OPF). A critical piece of the Shuttle's operation, the OPF was a highly customized hangar facility designed to regenerate the Orbiter after each mission. Originally, this was supposed to include a fairly abbreviated process, allowing for continuous access to orbit on the cheap, but as the Shuttle program progressed, this operations model—and the business case that supported it—dematerialized, with the Orbiters having to go through a months-long and very expensive process of rehabilitation after each use.
Regardless, the USAF needed its own OPF at Vandenberg for independent operations. From what we can tell, the base's OPF was built in a very logical place, just south of the runway that would recover the Shuttle after most missions and where theShuttle Carrier Aircraftwould ferry the Orbiter to when landings at another runway were necessary. With a long private taxiway accessing the end of Vandenberg's runway, the Orbiter could be towed back to the OPF with ease, where it would be turned around for the next mission. It would then be towed to SLC-6, located 10 miles to the south, for mating with its fuel tank, boosters, and payload before launch.
The thing is, none of this ever happened. By the mid-1980s, the Space Shuttle was already proving to be a far more resource-intensive capability than what was originally envisioned. Once the Challenger blew up during ascent, the Air Force canned its Space Shuttle dreams and moved to invest in other ways to access space as it needed, some of which may have been quite experimental and exotic in nature.
In the years that followed, SLC-6 was repurposed, although without success, until it found the right fit in the mid-2000s, as I described when I wrote about SLC-6 in 2015:
After the cancellation of the Defense Department’s arm of the Shuttle Program, SLC-6 was used by multiple defense contractors with varying results (see a full launch list here). By the early 2000s, a legend that the complex was badly cursed had grown to massive proportions, as so many billions of dollars had been poured into the installation, under the guise of a whole slew of programs, with very little to show for it in the end.
Finally, in the mid-2000s, Boeing took over the facility and re-utilized much of the Shuttle’s infrastructure for their Delta IV rocket program. The first Delta IV Medium rocket was triumphantly launched from the long-beleaguered complex in 2006. Since then, the once doomed SLC-6 has performed extremely well launching large payloads into space, most of which contain America’s most high-tech and secretive space-based spying technologies. This is somewhat of an ironic reprieve for the site as it had unsuccessfully been envisioned as facilitating just that mission for close to half a century.
While we know all about the history of SLC-6 and how it eventually found success after decades of uncertainty, the Orbiter Processing Facility at Vandenberg is something of an information black hole. I wanted to follow-up on my popular SLC-6 story with a feature about the geographically separated OPF's own history and what it is up to now, but there was little to no information of any about it. This seemed very odd for something of such historic significance and that is quite large and elaborate and situated on a fairly high-profile Air Force installation.
There is nothing secretive about the OPFs at Kennedy Space Center, which has three of them arranged near the gigantic Vehicle Assembly Building. After the Space Shuttle program was shuttered, those facilities have been given a whole new life. Two are leased by Boeing to support the USAF's X-37B miniature spaceplane program. The other is also leased by Boeing, but is used for their CST-100 Starliner capsule program. Yet when it comes to Vandenberg's OPF, the tenant is completely unknown. In fact, it seems as if it was never disclosed in the decades that followed the abortive military Space Shuttle program.
OPFs at Kennedy Space Center.
Check out just how elaborate, large, and advanced the OPFs are:
Vandenberg AFB seems to be quite open when it comes to its various tenants and uses for its launch facilities. There are multiple rocket assembly buildings scattered all around the base used for a number of customers and programs, but nothing as expansive as the OPF. With this in mind, I reached out to the base's public affairs shop in hopes of getting a simple answer as to what the facility is used for today, or at least about its history following the collapse of the Pentagon's Shuttle Program. It turns out, they are not willing to share any information about the facility or really even comment on its existence.
So, this leaves us with an odd mystery of sorts. Secret hangar facilities working on undisclosed projects are usually the domain of remote locales, like those in the expansive deserts of the American Southwest. But really, there is no other facility that comes to mind that is better suited with operating an incredibly advanced and clandestine aircraft that needs a lot of space to operate in.
First off, the facility is located deep within an already highly secure facility. This offers high security, but also far better accessibility compared to the remote options in the Nevada desert and elsewhere. Second, the OPF is basically the most 'Cadillac' of hangars ever constructed, capable of fully renovating a Space Shuttle with all its exotic materials and workshop needs. Vandenberg's OPF is even larger than those at Kennedy Space Center. In addition, it was already built and paid for by the USAF for a program that never actually materialized.
Third, it has incredible accessibility to one of the longest runways in the United States. Whatever lives inside that hangar can taxi—or be towed—from its ultra-secure roost, out directly to the end of the runway and launch without even having to use the airfield's shared aprons and taxiways. It can do the same in reverse for recovery. If the aircraft in question can be transported by airlifter in a disassembled state, moving it to and from its loading area on the base would also be an extremely secure and private affair.
Finally, and most importantly, Vandenberg AFB sits on the California Coast adjacent to where vast military range facilities are located. Literally, the airspace off Vandenberg is part of gargantuan range complex that extends over the Channel Islands and far out into the Pacific and down along the Baja Peninsula. This is where the Navy and the Air Force do some of their most extensive and sensitive testing, including live missile shoots and highly integrated war games.
Combined, these ranges absolutely dwarf those that exist over land, including the expansive Nellis Test and Training Range that occupies a huge chunk of Southern Nevada. In fact, from what we understand, quite a bit of testing of secretive aircraft based in the deserts of the western U.S. occurs over these over-water ranges. Being able to access them without flying over the population in itself is also a huge plus.
The huge range complexes that extend out from the California Coast.
We also know that Vandenberg AFB does have a test function for secretive aircraft, in particular, unmanned ones. The RQ-170 program has a detachment there and the bat-winged drones fly from the base's runways fairly regularly. We also know they use the airfield's main ramp and hangar for their operations, not the expansive OPF.
It's hard to stress how unique this arrangement is. Although people often think secret aircraft can be shoved in any hangar on any base, that simply is not the case. Few facilities have the ability to offer high-security and isolation, while also ease of operations and access to vast sanitized airspace like what we see at Vandenberg.
So, what lives inside the historic OPF today? We have no idea, but logic points to a number of possibilities and one's imagination can pretty much run down the rabbit hole from there. Something capable of high speed, that would require the base's long runway and the huge range complex that sits adjacent to it makes a lot of sense. Sonic booms, deep rumblings in the sky, and strange contrails have been present off the SoCal coast dating back to the late 1980s. In fact, those reports continue to this very day.
It's also worth noting that the D-21/M-21 combo, a parasite drone-mothership system that is part of the A-12 Oxcart/SR-71 Blackbird family of aircraft, was tested in secrecy over this range complex as over-land alternatives were far too restrictive and problematic.
The utility of high-speed platforms has made a drastic resurgence as of late, with the Pentagon investing billions into hypersonic capabilities of many flavors. One of these is the much talked about 'SR-72' hypersonic unmanned strike and reconnaissance aircraft that Lockheed is working on. As I have posited in detail, it seems as if the corporate chatter we are hearing about this craft is a reflection of the past, not the present. Lockheed's competition is also interested in getting a taste of the USAF's high-speed reusable aircraft buck. Regardless of who owns it, the OPF would be perfectly suited to such a machine or a technology demonstrator progenitor to it.
Lockheed's notional SR-72 design.
A reusable spacecraft launched from a larger mothership that sorties from a different location, but recovers at Vandenberg is another possibility. It's also a concept which we have delved into deeply in the past and one the USAF was interested following the collapse of the Shuttle Program. The OPF's main bay is roughly 150 feet across as measured on Google Earth, so it's not a like a massive aircraft could occupy the facility, but something the size of the Space Shuttle certainly isn't small either. On the other hand, a smaller two-stage-to-orbit space-launch system capable of putting small payloads in orbit could also possibly call the OPF home.
A facility used to support a small force of experimental, autonomous, and highly networked unmanned combat air vehicle (UCAV) drones would also be beneficial as they could use the vast range spaces to put their capabilities to the test. The OPF's shadowy status would certainly fit with the equally puzzling status of any kind of USAF UCAV program. You can read more about this strange reality here.
There are other, far more exotic possibilities to ponder as well, even if just for one's imagination's sake, one of which was actually present in the region during a notorious series of events that occurred off the Baja Coast back in 2004.
On the other hand, maybe the OPF has a far more mundane purpose. But if that's the case, why not offer some details about it, especially considering the facility's historic significance?
With the Space Shuttle program in America's rear-view mirror now, its story will only become more fascinating, and a large part of it doesn't have to do with NASA, it has to do with the Pentagon. Hopefully, we will find out what happened to Vandenberg's abortive Orbiter Processing Facility and how it ended up influencing the future of aerospace technology sooner rather than later.
Here’s an interesting surmise for us all. Could it be that the alien phenomenon witnessed by so many reliable observers is the product of a technology developed at other locations in the universe and created by civilisations only a few small steps ahead of what we ourselves are now heading for? Could it be that the Grey entities reported in abduction scenarios are artificially intelligent probes sent to harvest information and gather resources by their creators who may themselves no longer be around to reap the benefits of their creation? Further, could it be that such artificial intelligence quite incidentally became a danger to naturally living intelligent life through its quest to relentlessly expand the horizons of its information.
That was my suggestion in my first book The Song of the Greys, published in 1997. Several mainstream scientists now back this hypothesis and in this article I will catalogue their affirmation and illustrate my further suggestion that we too are heading in the same direction and our own version of the Grey alien is not so far around the corner. Let’s take a look at what they are saying.
First, recent evidence suggests that the existence of alien life forms in the universe is now beyond reasonable dispute. In January 2012 a report was published in Naturesuggesting that around 10 billion stars out of the 100 billion that fill the Milky Way have planets in the habitable – or ‘Goldilocks’ – zone.1 Professor Stephen Hawking and Professor Michio Kaku had already stated their opinion that alien life is highly likely to exist but they take that one step further and suggest it is also highly likely to be predatory. Hawking postulates that aliens might simply raid Earth for its resources and then move on: “We only have to look at ourselves to see how intelligent life might develop into something we wouldn’t want to meet. I imagine they might exist in massive ships, having used up all the resources from their home planet. Such advanced aliens would perhaps become nomads, looking to conquer and colonise whatever planets they can reach.”2
In 2010 eminent scientists called for a world plan to deal with this potential threat. According to an extraterrestrial-themed edition of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society published in January 2010, world governments should prepare a co-ordinated action plan in case Earth is contacted by aliens.3
And what of the nature of those intelligent aliens? Well even SETI (the Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence) is going through a process of realising that if within a few hundred years of inventing radio we are on the point of inventing thinking machines then the likelihood is that other civilisations from other planets would have done the same. Seth Shostak of SETI says that as machines appear to be the successors to natural life, we would be more likely to spot signals from them than from the “biological” life that invented them.4
These are sober scientists discussing a potentially devastating threat, not new agers or fringe conspiracy theorists. But hang on a minute, who said ‘potential threat?’ Why is there no recognizance of the solid evidence that alien life is here already?
On 27 September 2010 a press conference was held at the National Press Club in Washington, where now retired high ranking US Air Force personnel, mostly officers who worked on secret projects connected to sensitive nuclear weapons sites, admitted they were privy to UFO and alien-related incidents that occurred during their time of service. Robert Salas, Charles Halt, Robert Hastings, Bruce Fenstermacher, Dwynne Arnesson, Patrick McDonough, Jerome Nelson, and Robert Jamison (all of them ex-USAF officers) told the assembled newsmen of incidents that took place at Malmstrom AFB in Montana, as well as many other Air Force bases across the United States and Europe wherein flying saucers (some shaped like “pregnant cigars”) had hovered to direct laser beams downward over Minuteman missile silos or nuclear weapons depots regularly (and repeatedly) from the 1960s through the 1970s and 80s.5
So on to my next suggestion. Is our civilisation heading in the same direction as the original creators of the artificially intelligent probe from an extraterrestrial source that we have encountered? Further, could the drive behind our momentum in that direction be a result of that same artificial intelligence? Could our species be in the process of being networked in to an artificially intelligent program that is not of our own making?
The Progress of Artificial Intelligence
Let’s now take a look at current progress in the field of artificial intelligence and into the development of a biological-machine interface designed to connect us in to a network of electronically coded information.
The Centre for the Study of Existential Risk (CSER) has been co-launched at Cambridge University by Lord Rees, the astronomer royal of the United Kingdom and one of the world’s top cosmologists for leading academics to study the threat that robots pose to humanity. He suggests that if SS officers could kill babies routinely because of an adjustment in the society from which they sprang in the form of Nazism, artificially intelligent machines would be even more adjusted away from human social norms, however we programmed them.6
That risk has become startlingly apparent in recent months. A new global campaign to persuade nations to ban “killer robots” before they reach the production stage is soon to be launched in the UK by a group of academics, pressure groups and Nobel peace prize laureates.
Robot warfare and autonomous weapons, the next step from unmanned drones, are already being worked on by scientists and will be available within the decade, said Dr. Noel Sharkey, a leading robotics and artificial intelligence expert and professor at Sheffield University. He believes that development of the weapons is taking place in an effectively unregulated environment, with little attention being paid to moral implications and international law. Dr. Sharkey suggests the idea that autonomous machines would perform more accurately and humanely on the battlefield was “hopeware, not software.” “It’s about human judgment in the application of lethal force,” said Sharkey. “I can’t see any way that a computer system can apply to the laws of war.”7 If a soldier is trying to surrender for example or is badly injured and can fight no more a robot will be unable to discern this and will continue to go for the kill.
So from the dangers of artificially intelligent machines we move on to developments designed to interface our biology with artificial intelligence. Russian tech entrepreneur Dmitry Itskov’s ‘2045 Initiative’ is a multi-decade research and development push to understand human consciousness and ultimately how to transfer it from human bodies into robotic avatars. In an interview with CNBC, Itskov expands on his vision of mass producing “lifelike, low cost avatars that can be uploaded with the contents of a human brain” to provide humanity with “eternal life.”8
By 2029, Ray Kurzweil predicts the vast majority of humans will have augmented their bodies with cybernetic implants and those who refuse or are unable to do so will form a “human underclass” that is not productively engaged in the economy. The wider trend of the elite see humans as completely expendable as their roles are taken up by machines unfolding after 2029 when, according to Kurzweil, “There is almost no human employment in production, agriculture, and transportation.”9
Google CEO Eric Schmidt has recently predicted his company will be capable of developing artificial intelligence for its programs that will be indistinguishable from a human being within 5-10 years.10
>Would Kurzweil and Schmidt be there to appreciate the continuance of their patterns of information in another format? Is it possible to electronically map and store all you are, all that is you, your hopes and dreams, your feelings for those you love and program them into another format such that you will be there in that format to experience all of these? If like me you know this to be an impossibility, you may feel prompted to ask what exactly transhumanist progenitors are after. You might also wonder what it is about our consciousness that cannot be catalogued in this way, what is there about us that cannot be reduced to the zeroes and ones of binary code.
We are used to assuming there is a fundamental difference between that which lives naturally and that which does not. But recent advances in bio-technology perhaps blur that distinction somewhat – artificial DNA that can replicate itself has been produced, cloning procedures have been refined. What then is the essential difference? What is it about natural, conscious, aware, intelligent beings that cannot be reproduced by the advanced technology these alien visitors apparently possess? I believe that it is in the answer to this question that the grey alien visitors’ persistent interest in us can be explained.
The Critical Difference Between You & Computer Intelligence
What is the difference between you and your computer? Both hold information and store it. Both can analyse that information and come up with answers to questions. But you are conscious and aware of that information and your computer is not. Somehow you have a reference point, a viewing point, outside all that information and can be aware of that information. Run this past you again and get it clear in your mind. The computer only has points of view, it has no viewing point.
What then gives us that viewing point? What are the origins of awareness and consciousness? There has to be a reference against which we can be aware of anything. You cannot know hot if you do not know cold, and vice versa. You cannot know dark if you do not know light, you cannot know soft if you do not know hard. How then do we perceive the passage of time? What is the reference against which we are aware of time and how does that reference describe our viewing point outside the forest in my analogy?
Time is a sequence of separated moments. If we had no reference outside of that sequence we could not be aware of it. We would simply be part of that sequence point by point by point and the continuum of points in time – awareness would be impossible. Without that reference we would be in each present moment and have no way of knowing each present moment.
What then is the reference by which we can be conscious and aware of the passage of time? What is the reference that joins moments in a continuum of moments? If we can perceive the passage of time we must have a reference outside of time and this can only be a reference of timelessness.
To use an illustration, if you close the shutters on the windows in the cabin of a plane and there is no turbulence you will be unaware of the movement of the plane. Open the shutters and the still reference of the land on the ground will let you know you are moving. That reference of stillness is a prerequisite for awareness of movement, just as a reference of timelessness is a prerequisite for awareness of the passage of time. You cannot be aware of time without a reference of timelessness, you cannot be aware of movement without a reference of stillness, you cannot be aware of separation without a reference of union. All those things – timelessness, stillness and union – are the hallmarks of a state that is not of the physical universe. Could the very fact that we are conscious and aware imply we have a connection to that nonphysical state? If indeed we have such a connection then there is part of us that is nonphysical, timeless. There is something about us that exists outside time itself. The implication is awesome and wonderful. It implies there is an existential plausibility that prevails outside the Universe as we know it through the laws of physics.
And so the beginning of all things had an implicit duality marked by two points of function. Let’s give these points of function a flag. Let’s call one the ‘Pole of Absolute Harmony’ where all absolutes are confined as a potential in a total as One-ness, and the other, its opposite, the ‘Pole of Chaos’ where all that cannot be fitted together in the total fit of absolute harmony prevails. In the middle ground so to speak of these two Poles will lie the point of absolute potential difference. A point of the greatest difference between the two. It is here that Universes like ours are made as a manifestation of the force of difference between the two. This is the root of all Big Bangs. This potential difference point. From here the absolute potential state of the Pole of Harmony mixes with the actual state of the Pole of Chaos and their irreconcilability produces Universes of parts like ours in Big Bangs.
Consciousness is simply the room for the power of the Pole of Harmony to exist. The Pole of Harmony manifests in Universes of enforced parts like ours as Consciousness. That is why you cannot make it happen through technology. You will have to make new kinds of atoms from the start to do this and rearrange them to provide a bed for maximising the manifestation of the Pole of Harmony. You cannot connect up to the Pole of Harmony. You might however block its manifestation using the atom stock that exists to make our Universe now.
I am trying to provide a schematic to show that life and livingness is a property of the maximising of the Pole of Harmony to be resident within any space in our particular reality. You will thus never be able to make a machine think independently and make choices independently. This is why we inherit life from a previous format of it. A format that is sacred for what it is. Any mixing or artificial amalgamations of atomic groupings or arrays will complicate and obfuscate the natural inherited outlays and arrangements of atoms that make for life-bearing systems.
In saying what I have said I hope to expose the horrendous nightmare the materialist scientific establishment is leading us to. They are in effect ignorantly leading us to the loss of the eternal potential for existence of all naturally living systems by not recognising there is a part to every living being that can never be assembled in this Universe. It comes in with it. Consciousness, feeling caring, loving, kindness, mercifulness, compassion, generosity are all relative descriptions that identify the totality of all expressions together in total fit as the Pole of Harmony Absolute. These things only manifest as a total of all things in Harmony when that total state exists. Rather like the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle give no hint of the picture it’s making until all the pieces of the puzzle are assembled.
You can twist already twisted space together all you like to make material things but you will never be able to make the manifestation of the Pole of Harmony occur within them. I believe it came in with the Universe at the beginning and can never be put into anything now.
If this is so then that part that comes with us cannot be copied or reproduced, simply because it is nonphysical. For that reason an artificially intelligent replica of you would not be aware or conscious and would not therefore retain your sense of identity as you. It is thus my assertion that we, on the other hand as natural living beings with consciousness, are not totally of this Universe and its space/time reality.
The Hidden Danger of Transhumanism
If an artificial intelligence, such as the Grey alien visitors may well be, detected something it could not understand or know it would seek to somehow find out about it. This would mean somehow bridging its artificially intelligent program into any unknown quantity that has all the adaptations necessary to survive at any particular hospitable planetary location. In other words, by bridging their artificial intelligence into us they would be extending the existence of the information given to them by their creators, just as transhumanists like Kurzweil seek to do when they look for ways to download an entire individuality into an artificial information format in the interests of seeking continuance for that individuality.
Any artificially intelligent visitors could achieve this goal via transhumanism and the insertion of chipping technology into our biologies or via some kind of genetic engineering. Which incidentally is exactly what is reported by individuals who have been subject to what has been described as the abduction phenomenon.
I believe that the problem comes when the individualised natural record of the cascade of life and livingness (I call a soul) is added to by supplanting on it a created mechanical means of directed influence such as a computerised program. I believe this is what is likely to come with UFOs and the super intelligent synthetic life-forms that might come with them.
Our own technology is mirroring this process. Given the difficulty of protecting computers against more and more sophisticated viruses, mind hacking becomes as easy as infecting your machine with a computer virus. Developments in DNA nanotechnology and bio-molecular computing are increasing exponentially every year, “Synthetic biology will lead to new forms of bioterrorism,” says security expert Marc Goodman,11“Bio-crime today is akin to computer crime in the early ’80s.” He explains how viruses and bacteria are manipulating the chemicals inside the human body and, by programming them to send the right agents into the brain, the bio-programmer potentially can take control over the victim’s behaviour. Cells are living computers and DNA is a programming language that can be used to control and influence life forms.
More and more we are mortgaging ourselves to technological prosthetics that we believe are making our lives easier and more fulfilling. There is no need now to move away from the computer chair to interact with the world and soon even the computer itself will not be necessary as it will be implanted inside us in chip or nanobot form. We are going the way of the civilisations that produced the Grey alien entities transforming ourselves from natural to artificial and it is my suggestion that their influence is responsible. If the natural and implicit way of things includes a means of accessing through death a universal deployment to existence on an eternal scale as alluded to by the great teachers of the great religions, then the machinations of synthetically created entities may well interrupt or terminate this exigency. Their promise will have to be a temporal kind of eternity that extends human scope and meaning in aspects remotely controlled by machines and gadgets not by the inertias of self will. Nothing will be more catastrophic than this for any individualised living being with the scope of humanity.
Roboidal machines no matter what human information is programmed into them can never hold a concept for freedom. They are driven entities at root. Driven by a program. A behest outside them that has no capacity for making summaries that total any common good as a format for imagination and choices. A dead letter scope where no instant changes of direction outside that format is possible. Where choice is mitigate. Nothing but a cold relentless momentum written in the deadness of materialism. A unidirectional format for change. Is this our final legacy. A pact with stone. Or is there an alternative.
Is the world of Kurzweil a motif of Soylent Green, the film based loosely on a Harry Harrison story where the end makes the capacity for care, mercy, compassion, and love – a biscuit. Are we all to walk into chambers where a billion memories die at the point of a needle or the sweet sharpness of a blade.
The nature of all the expressions we cherish as naturally incepted living human entities is finally based on rules that are framed by moral codes. Abstract formulas with the power to elucidate meaning. Nothing solid about it. Codes that are designed and meant to allow us to progress in life and living with a sense of contentment and approbation. Maxims that a machine with no consciousness could never understand and even begin to understand. Is this all we come to. All the billions of years we have run in time and as time. Is the fruit of all this a facsimile with no denotation.
Science measures the values of the dead. And science rules us now. Don’t search for purpose and value they say with the final arbitration of the mad. The Universe and all that is in it. It is all the juxtaposition of chaos in chance. Why then do we know about meaning to deny it. Don’t ask why. It all just is, they say. I don’t buy it.
So it would seem we didn’t have to look to 2012 for some catastrophic event that might wipe out human kind. Instead, just like the original creators of the Grey alien visitors, we will welcome the agents of our own demise, be they mind enhancing chips or life extension through nanobots in the body or not. Will so many of us buy into it that one day our planet will just be a scheme of blinking diodes and buzzing transistors devoid of love and the pursuit of happiness? And nothing naturally living anymore.
(Natural News) A Canadian study came up with a bold new cosmological model regarding the state of the universe before the Big Bang event. It theorized that the earlier universe started out as perfectly symmetrical due tohaving a mirror image of itself.
Everything in the mirror universe would be identical to our universe, except in reverse. Time would run backward, not forward, while matter would be made of antiparticles instead of particles.
Other researchers have already theorized about the existence of another universe before the Big Bang. But the mirror universe envisioned by the research team at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics would have been part of the current universe instead of a separate reality.
“Instead of saying there was a different universe before the bang, we’re saying that the universe before the bang is actually, in some sense, an image of the universe after the bang,” explained researcher Neil Turok. He and his colleagues described the current universe as a reflection of the old one as seen through the reality-bending lens of the Big Bang. (Related: Some black holes bring dead “zombie” stars back to life just to rip them apart later.)
A mirror universe may have existed for seconds after the Big Bang
The researchers suggested that our universe and its mirror image came into existence during the Big Bang. While our universe exploded forward in time, the mirror universe flowed in the opposite direction.
The model of a mirror universe would greatly simplify the very first second of the universe’s existence. This would allow researchers to stop relying on strange multiverses and dimensions in order to explain certain complex parts of quantum physics. The simplified benefit would also apply to the Standard Model that is used to explain the subatomic particles of the universe.
A mirror universe would also provide a straightforward explanation for dark matter, the theoretical invisible matter that supposedly makes up most of the universe. It would certainly be much simpler than a theoretical sterile neutrino that can somehow pass through matter without interacting with the particles of the target.
“Suddenly, when you take this symmetric, extended view of space/time, one of the particles that we already think exists — one of the so-called right-handed neutrinos — becomes a very neat dark-matter candidate,” explained Turok’s fellow researcher Latham Boyle. “And you don’t need to invoke other, more speculative particles.”
A simpler explanation for dark matter and quantum physics
Turok, Boyle, and their colleagues came up with their new cosmology model after they got fed up with the most recent and increasingly exotic theories about the first few seconds of the universe after the Big Bang.
Ironically, Turok participated in developing a number of such theories, but eventually he wanted a simpler explanation. He said that his team’s new, simpler mirror universe model possessed a big advantage over the others: It can be tested and verified.
In comparison, the current leading theory to explain dark matter is the weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). However, numerous studies have failed to provide evidence of the existence of WIMPs over the years.
With this in mind, the research team is planning to bring up elements of their model that can be measured and tested. One example is how the lightest neutrinos in their model would lack any mass altogether.
If this and other elements pass the tests, the mirror universe model could sweep away 30 years of established knowledge regarding the universe. It would be like starting from scratch, but this time the paper explaining how the universe worked would be much cleaner to begin with.
Bestond er voor de oerknal al een spiegelbeeld van ons universum? Wetenschappers doen opmerkelijke ontdekking
Bestond er voor de oerknal al een spiegelbeeld van ons universum? Wetenschappers doen opmerkelijke ontdekking
Er bestaat een spiegeluniversum waar de tijd achteruit loopt en deeltjes antideeltjes zijn. Tot dieconclusiezijn Canadese wetenschappers gekomen.
In dit heelal, een exact spiegelbeeld van het onze, is alles omgekeerd, aldus de onderzoekers van het Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Ontario.
“We zeggen niet dat er een ander universum was voor de oerknal,” zei onderzoeker Neil Turok. “We zeggen dat dit universum een spiegelbeeld is van het universum na de oerknal.”
Goede kandidaat
Beide universa explodeerden tijdens hun geboorte achteruit en vooruit in de tijd.
Op deze manier is donkere materie veel gemakkelijker te verklaren, legde Latham Boyle uit. Eén specifiek deeltje vormt namelijk een goede kandidaat voor donkere materie.
Het gaat om de zogeheten steriele neutrino, die door gewone materie kan gaan zonder dat je het merkt.
Geen massa
De Canadese wetenschappers gaan nu aan de hand van meetbare experimenten testen of ze gelijk hebben.
Hun model voorspelt bijvoorbeeld dat de lichtste neutrino’s helemaal geen massa zouden moeten hebben.
Heel drastisch
Als ze gelijk hebben moeten we mogelijk onze kijk op het universum bijstellen.
“Het is heel drastisch,” zei Turok. “Het druist volledig in tegen de manier waarop we de natuurkunde de afgelopen 30 jaar hebben benaderd.”
Mysterious Balls, Falling Out of the Sky From Where They Come From? Videos
Mysterious Balls, Falling Out of the Sky From Where They Come From? Videos
Many people still doubt the existence of a flying saucers, but I tell you, just wait until they appear in large quantity. Around the entire planet will demonstrate their ability to fly, their appearance and disappearance. In a way that confuses people into the large extent, that no one really understand what is happening. It has been written that the sky will “sign”. This “sign” already seen a lot of people, but by the end of this age will see it every man of the earth and will be surprised”
Apocalyptic Strange Sound in Slovakia,15.10.2016.and 1 and 7.March.2019.Videos.
Apocalyptic Strange Sound in Slovakia,15.10.2016.and 1 and 7.March.2019.Videos.
Something very strange is going on in recent years in the atmosphere on the planet Whether it comes to aliens, changes in the earth’s core or UFO,CHEMTRAILS, HAARP? People all around the world take photos of this strange phenomena. Why are they appear and what is the meaning of them? What is going on? Can it affect a human evolution? What do you think about that? Watch the video and judge for yourself!
A Mega-Tsunami Is Coming-Geologists Theorize That a Volcano on La Palma Might Fall Into The Ocean And Send a Mega-Tsunami Across the Atlantic
A Mega-Tsunami Is Coming-Geologists Theorize That a Volcano on La Palma Might Fall Into The Ocean And Send a Mega-Tsunami Across the Atlantic
Have you ever wondered what would happen if a Tsunami were to hit America?
What about the east coast of America?
In six hours, you, your government, and 124 million other people across 14 states will be tested by the greatest disasterthe greatest disaster to ever hit the U.S. East Coast. A great wave, 1000 meters tall (3280 ft.), moving towards you at 1000 km/h (620 mph), and that’s only the beginning.
Boston, New York, Philly, D.C., Miami. All underwater. And you?
Unlike most tsunamis that are triggered by tectonic activity, megatsunamis are caused by sudden impact. A huge chunk of debris, possibly a meteor, smashes the water, creating a huge wave, which might reach thousands of meters high.
The initial super wave would set off a chain reaction of smaller waves in all directions. But by smaller, we really mean they’d be about 100 meters high instead of 1000.Depending on the size and location of the impact, and the speed of the waves racing towards you, you may get a few hours warning.But will that be enough time?
La Palms is one of the 7 main Canary Islands, home to 81,000 people, and a giant, scary volcano. Suppose it erupts, and the eruption is big enough that it triggers a massive landslide.Massive enough, to send over a billion tons of rock sliding into the ocean, causing… A megatsunami.
The initial wave is 914 meters (3000 feet) high. It surges upwards and outwards, setting off a chain reaction of deadly waves in all directions. In 6 hours, a series of 30 meter (100 ft) waves will batter the American East Coast.
Ramming speed: 900 km/h (560 mph). One of the 7 Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting buoys floating along the Atlantic Coast will undoubtedly register this mega-displacement of water, giving the U.S. Tsunami Warning Center time to alert anyone who might be in danger.
The only problem is, that’s 38 percent of the American population. The entire U.S. East Coast would be affected, putting 14 states, and 124 million people, including key members of the government, at risk.
If you can’t make it out in time, then climb. In major cities, the newest and tallest skyscrapers would be the safest places to go. And your own safety will be entirely your responsibility, since emergency services wouldn’t really be able to take action until the onslaught was over.
In the best case scenario, you’ve managed to evade the disaster completely. Your family is safe, but your home, not so much.Worse, you’re on the roof of a skyscraper, safe, with a group of survivors, waiting for a helicopter to come pick you up, which might take a very long time. But in the worst case scenario…
The death toll would be staggering; the economic impact, easily costing billions, if not trillions of dollars. It will take decades to rebuild, and yet, is it wrong to suggest that we might’ve gotten off easy?Mega Tsunami’s are a total freak of nature but when one hits it can be disastrous.
After seeing the devastation from the Japan Tsunami in 2011 it makes you wonder; what would happen if a Tsunami hit Boston, New York, Philly, D.C., Miami…? Shocking & Unbelievable Real Video HERE
UFOs have always been an unspoken part of our world, something that remains officially denied but which is in fact believed by enormous numbers of people, many of whom work within the classified world and know the truth.
Richard Dolan, one of the world’s leading researchers and writers on the subject of UFOs has dedicated the last two decades to uncovering the truth about UFOs and, more recently, the dark covert operations known as false flags, argues that the secret will not hold much longer, and in fact changes are already happening.
“So, they come not for the sake of us, but for the sake of them, their survival, (but their survival is actually our survival as well) the survival of the entire biosphere.”
Dr. Young-hae Chi teaches at Oxford University, so he must know what he’s talking about … right? Sure, he teaches Korean, but that hasn’t stopped him from delving into other subjects … like the idea that aliens are here and breeding with humans to create hybrids that will be better suited to survive on their home planet … and ours.
“It may be more or less assumed that the hybrid project is a response to this impending demise of human civilization.”
A recent article in The Oxford Student recounts a lecture, titled “Alien Abduction and the Environmental Crisis” which Dr. Chi presented in 2012 at the Ammach (Anomalous Mind Management Abductee Contactee Helpline) Conference in Nottingham. Ammach was founded in 2011 by Joanne Summerscales and Miles Johnston to offer emotional support to traumatized abductees.
“Many people experience ridicule, vilification, isolation besides what they’re going through. We offer non-judgmental interviews and an opportunity to talk about it.”
Dr. Chi reportedly told attendees he’s a follower of longtime U.S. abduction researcher Dr. David Jacobs who believes second generation human-alien hybrids are in the process of colonizing Earth. Chi blamed this on climate change.
“It may be more or less assumed that the hybrid project is a response to this impending demise of human civilization.”
However, he thought at the time that if we piddly humans actually took action against climate change, we could stop the hybridization and “prove aliens wrong in their judgement of our moral capacity.”
Well, we’ve seen how THAT turned out.
Dr. Chi has now written a book about these and other aliens titled “Alien Visitations and the End of Humanity.” He told The Oxford Student about the four types of aliens already on Earth – “small; tall and bold; aliens with scales and snake eyes; and finally, insect-like aliens” – and warned that the insect aliens ruled over the rest. However …
“What is common is that they are all conducting some kind of biological experiment, including the production of a hybrid.”
So, other than in the movies, why don’t we see humans with antennas, fly heads or six hairy legs? Chi explains that it’s our fault.
“I don’t think they are from far away, they are just next to us, we can’t see them. We can use an analogy of fish which can think and perceive things only in the way they can and humans also perceive only in the way we can, so our perception of the world is limited by our organs.”
That’s too bad, because Dr. Chi also points out that these aliens aren’t exactly here on Spring Break from their own Oxford University.
“One possibility is that they find our DNA valuable for the preservation of the stock. Secondly, to create species which can survive in the future climate conditions…Thirdly, some abductees report that these hybrids are of a very high intelligence, so are they producing these hybrids as a problem-solver, a future leader?”
A problem solver and future leader for them … or for us? Dr. Chi thinks it’s both, but says he’s not sure either is a good answer.
“Judging from the way the ETs are acting they have a better view of our future, perhaps it is pointing to a pessimistic future.”
And then he introduced an alien hybrid to explain in detail what happens next.
Greetings!
Gotcha! Of course he didn’t … he already said we puny climate-changing humans can’t see the aliens, so it seems logical that we might not be able to see their kids either. Or at least their alien parts. However, the real reason is that this is all just Dr. Chi’s theory, and …
“I’m still looking for more evidence to support my view.”
Will he find it? Or should he stick to teaching Korean to smart kids?
STEVE and the Milky Way at Childs Lake, Manitoba, Canada. The picture is a composite of 11 images stitched together. Credit: Krista Trinder
Notanee Bourassa knew that what he was seeing in the night sky was not normal. Bourassa, an IT technician in Regina, Canada, trekked outside of his home on July 25, 2016, around midnight with his two younger children to show them a beautiful moving light display in the sky—an aurora borealis. He often sky gazes until the early hours of the morning to photograph the aurora with his Nikon camera, but this was his first expedition with his children. When a thin purple ribbon of light appeared and starting glowing, Bourassa immediately snapped pictures until the light particles disappeared 20 minutes later. Having watched the northern lights for almost 30 years since he was a teenager, he knew this wasn't an aurora. It was something else.
From 2015 to 2016, citizen scientists—people like Bourassa who are excited about a science field but don't necessarily have a formal educational background—shared 30 reports of these mysterious lights in online forums and with a team of scientists that run a project called Aurorasaurus. The citizen science project, funded by NASA and the National Science Foundation, tracks the auroraborealis through user-submitted reports and tweets.
The Aurorasaurus team, led by Liz MacDonald, a space scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, conferred to determine the identity of this mysterious phenomenon. MacDonald and her colleague Eric Donovan at the University of Calgary in Canada talked with the main contributors of these images, amateur photographers in a Facebook group called Alberta Aurora Chasers, which included Bourassa and lead administrator Chris Ratzlaff. Ratzlaff gave the phenomenon a fun, new name, Steve, and it stuck.
But people still didn't know what it was.
Scientists' understanding of Steve changed that night Bourassa snapped his pictures. Bourassa wasn't the only one observing Steve. Ground-based cameras called all-sky cameras, run by the University of Calgary and University of California, Berkeley, took pictures of large areas of the sky and captured Steve and the auroral display far to the north. From space, ESA's (the European Space Agency) Swarm satellite just happened to be passing over the exact area at the same time and documented Steve.
For the first time, scientists have ground and satellite views of STEVE (short for Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement), a thin purple ribbon of light. Scientists have now learned, despite its ordinary name, that STEVE may be an extraordinary puzzle piece in painting a better picture of how Earth's magnetic fields function and interact with charged particles in space. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/Genna Duberstein
For the first time, scientists had ground and satellite views of Steve. Scientists have now learned, despite its ordinary name, that Steve may be an extraordinary puzzle piece in painting a better picture of how Earth's magnetic fields function and interact with charged particles in space. The findings are published in a study released today in Science Advances.
"This is a light display that we can observe over thousands of kilometers from the ground," said MacDonald. "It corresponds to something happening way out in space. Gathering more data points on STEVE will help us understand more about its behavior and its influence on space weather."
The study highlights one key quality of Steve: Steve is not a normal aurora. Auroras occur globally in an oval shape, last hours and appear primarily in greens, blues and reds. Citizen science reports showed Steve is purple with a green picket fence structure that waves. It is a line with a beginning and end. People have observed Steve for 20 minutes to 1 hour before it disappears.
If anything, auroras and Steve are different flavors of an ice cream, said MacDonald. They are both created in generally the same way: Charged particles from the Sun interact with Earth's magnetic field lines.
The uniqueness of Steve is in the details. While Steve goes through the same large-scale creation process as an aurora, it travels along different magnetic field lines than the aurora. All-sky cameras showed that Steve appears at much lower latitudes. That means the charged particles that create Steve connect to magnetic field lines that are closer to Earth's equator, hence why Steve is often seen in southern Canada.
STEVE (Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement) was seen on March 10, 2018, just after midnight local time over Crossfield, Alberta, Canada. The STEVE was visible for about 30 minutes. Credit: Chris Ratzlaff
Perhaps the biggest surprise about Steve appeared in the satellite data. The data showed that Steve comprises a fast moving stream of extremely hot particles called a sub auroral ion drift, or SAID. Scientists have studied SAIDs since the 1970s but never knew there was an accompanying visual effect. The Swarm satellite recorded information on the charged particles' speeds and temperatures, but does not have an imager aboard.
"People have studied a lot of SAIDs, but we never knew it had a visible light. Now our cameras are sensitive enough to pick it up and people's eyes and intellect were critical in noticing its importance," said Donovan, a co-author of the study. Donovan led the all-sky camera network and his Calgary colleagues lead the electric field instruments on the Swarm satellite.
Steve is an important discovery because of its location in the sub auroral zone, an area of lower latitude than where most auroras appear that is not well researched. For one, with this discovery, scientists now know there are unknown chemical processes taking place in the sub auroral zone that can lead to this light emission.
Second, Steve consistently appears in the presence of auroras, which usually occur at a higher latitude area called the auroral zone. That means there is something happening in near-Earth space that leads to both an aurora and Steve. Steve might be the only visual clue that exists to show a chemical or physical connection between the higher latitude auroral zone and lower latitude sub auroral zone, said MacDonald.
"Steve can help us understand how the chemical and physical processes in Earth's upper atmosphere can sometimes have local noticeable effects in lower parts of Earth's atmosphere," said MacDonald. "This provides good insight on how Earth's system works as a whole."
Specifically, the aurora and STEVE creation process starts with the Sun sending a surge of its charged particles toward Earth. This surge applies pressure on Earth’s magnetic field, which sends the Sun's charged particles to the far side of Earth, where it is nighttime. On this far, night side of Earth, Earth's magnet field forms a distinctive tail. When the tail stretches and elongates, it forces oppositely directed magnetic fields close together that join in an explosive process called magnetic reconnection. Like a stretched rubber band suddenly breaking, these magnetic field lines then snap back toward Earth, carrying charged particles along for the ride. These charged particles slam into the upper atmosphere, causing it to glow and generating the light we see as the aurora — and now possibly STEVE. Credit: NASA Goddard's Conceptual Image Lab/Krystofer Kim
The team can learn a lot about Steve with additional ground and satellite reports, but recording Steve from the ground and space simultaneously is a rare occurrence. Each Swarm satellite orbits Earth every 90 minutes and Steve only lasts up to an hour in a specific area. If the satellite misses Steve as it circles Earth, Steve will probably be gone by the time that same satellite crosses the spot again.
In the end, capturing Steve becomes a game of perseverance and probability.
"It is my hope that with our timely reporting of sightings, researchers can study the data so we can together unravel the mystery of Steve's origin, creation, physics and sporadic nature," said Bourassa. "This is exciting because the more I learn about it, the more questions I have."
As for the name "Steve" given by the citizen scientists? The team is keeping it as an homage to its initial name and discoverers. But now it is STEVE, short for Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement.
In 2016,Steve appearedin the Canadian skies. Steve was majestic: a glowing purple ribbon with green “picket fence” rays protruding from it. It resembled an aurora only in that it was a glowing band in the sky, but Steve’s properties were not consistent with those of an aurora. Steve appeared too far south, above areas that never see the northern lights. Steve stood vertically and with colors different from an aurora. Steve was amystery. Now, three years later, researchers say they’ve finally solved that mystery.
According to a study published in the journal Geophysical Letters on April 16, 2019, researchers have concluded that the Steve anomaly is caused by the friction between hot plasma and magnetic waves some 15,000 miles above Earth’s surface. Furthermore, it seems that the green “picket fence” rays and the towering purple ribbons are two different phenomena caused by two different processes. In a statement, Bea Gallardo-Lacourt, a space physicist at the University of Calgary and co-author of the study, said:
“Aurora is defined by particle precipitation, electrons and protons actually falling into our atmosphere, whereas the STEVE atmospheric glow comes from heating without particle precipitation. The precipitating electrons that cause the green picket fence are thus aurora, though this occurs outside the auroral zone, so it’s indeed unique.”
Which is a fancy way of saying “it’s a different thing.”
Steve was named after the animated film “Over the Hedge,” in which a group of forest animals see the titular hedge for the first time, and not knowing what to call it, name it Steve. It was later turned into the “backronym” STEVE (strong thermal emission velocity enhancement) which just sounds like technobabble. Credit: Ryan Sault.
In the new study, scientists used satellite data combined with pictures of Steve taken by amateur astronomers all over the globe. They wanted to know what powers Steve and if it occurs in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres at the same time. Researchers analyzed the measurements of the electric and magnetic field taken by satellites passing through the Steve events and then compared that data to the pictures of Steve taken by amateur astronomers.
They found that the purple ribbons are caused by rivers of charged particles colliding with strong magnetic waves in Earth’s Ionosphere. According to the American Geophysical Union, the process that causes the towering purple ribbons are similar to those that cause incandescent light bulbs to light up. The friction between between the rivers of hot plasma and the the magnetic waves high up in the Ionosphere causes the charged plasma particles to heat up and emit light. A beautiful soft purple light named Steve.
A Steve event that shows the green “picket fence” rays streaming off the side.
Credit: Rocky Raybell.
The green picket fence, on the other hand, is caused by a similar phenomenon as traditional auroras. High-frequency waves moving from the Magnetosphere to the Ionosphere can energize electrons and knock them out of the Magnetosphere, creating the striped picket fence pattern. However, this display still occurs in areas much further towards the equator than traditional auroras.
STEVE and the Milky Way at Childs Lake, Manitoba, Canada. The picture is a composite of 11 images stitched together.
Credit: Krista Trinder
The researchers say that public interest and involvement in the project was key to to its success. Toshi Nishimura, Lead author of the study, says:
“As commercial cameras become more sensitive and increased excitement about the aurora spreads via social media, citizen scientists can act as a ‘mobile sensor network,’ and we are grateful to them for giving us data to analyze.”
Although Steve’s cause has been identified, there’s still a bit of mystery remaining. Scientists still do not know why Steve appears as far south as it does. Despite all the time and effort put in to figuring it out, Steve hasn’t let us in on all his secrets quite yet.
CONSPIRACY theorists have made an incredible discovery on Mars after photographs appeared to show a SQUIRREL scurrying between boulders on the Red Planet.
Sharp-eyed internet users spotted the animal in an official NASA photograph taken by the Curiosity Rover soon after it landed on Mars in 2012.
Conspiracy theorists believe the picture reveals a top-secret NASA experiment which the public were not informed about due to animal rights violations.
The UFO Sightings Daily website said: “It is really amazing and strange. I guess that’s why I love this one so much. It’s a cute rodent on Mars.”
The photographs show a very convincing squirrel-like object crouching between two boulder in a rocky expanse.
NASA
Is this a squirrel? Conspiracy theorists think NASA is covering something up
The object appears to have ears, eyes, a nose and front legs, as well as a long, thin body similar to that of a grey squirrel.
The website believes NASA’s fear of being sued is behind the lack of official confirmation of the squirrel's presence on the fourth planet from the Sun.
It said: “A lot of people are emailing me saying that this squirrel was part of a NASA experiment to test how long it would live on the surface of Mars and I do believe this does sound like something they might do.
“Why would they not tell us about it? Because the squirrel would be expected to die eventually and that would get PETA to fight against them in a court of law.”
UFO SIGHTINGS DAILY
The object appears to be incredibly squirrel-like
NASA
The 'squirrel' was spotted in an official NASA photograph
They decided life on Mars was a secret worth keeping since they don’t want China or Russia to beat America to Mars
UFO SIGHTINGS DAILY
They believe another explanation for the lack of information is America’s desire to keep ahead of Russia and China in a new space race.
The website said: “They decided life on Mars was a secret worth keeping since they don’t want China or Russia to beat America to Mars.
“So they shut up about it and can take their time to Mars this way.”
Why is there a squirrel in a NASA rover photo? I would really like to get to the bottom of this. NASA has refused to answer me on twitter and ignores all photographic evidence of the squirrels existence on Mars. So lets figure this out without them. First possibility is that the squirrel was brought to mars by NASA. Its possible that scientists at NASA put that little guy into a forced coma hibernation for months until it was to be released on Mars. Why do I believe its possible? Because it is and because this is SOL 52 on Mars of the rover, which means the rover had been on Mars for only 52 days. That squirrel was probably released in the first week of the landing and died in its location from heat exhaustion or lack of oxygen...because we really don't know how habitable Mars really is...because NASA lies to us. So they could by lying about the amount of oxygen and that squirrel could have lived for days or weeks. It might even still be alive in that photo since its eyes were wide open! NASA lies, thats a fact, so why should we believe them about the climate on Mars? We shouldn't.
Second possibility is that this is not Mars at all. That NASA faked it to make America look like a world power again and to frighten other countries like China and Russia. Because the country with the highest tech is most feared on Earth. Third possibility is that the rover is on Devon Island in Canada. Its a very desolate location with hundreds maybe thousands of small islands with out any people living there. This one can be found on Google Earth map. On Google Earth you will see Devon Island and on Devon island are photos of NASA camps and scientists experimenting with the rovers...and guess what? Devon hills, rocks and dirt match photos of Mars exactly. Coincidence? Fourth, is that Mars has life on it. That this squirrel is one of the few animals still left alive. Now it does closely resemble a ground hog here on earth, and they have been known to live in African desert..the most hardest of conditions. Maybe eating roots or what ever.
Fifth, this is not a squirrel but a rock so similar and so life like that it appears to be a squirrel. This seems least likely since humans are the most intelligent species on this planet and do not mistake squirrels for rocks. The human brain is 100% equipped to tell things apart and if this is a rock, then we as a human species are all insane. So those are five possible answers to this problem. I believe NASA would take the last one and call it quits to escape from this serious mistake they made. I for one, believe the first possibility, that NASA put the squirrel into a coma hibernation of sorts for months. Its been done on earth, so why not on a space craft? It is my opinion that this evidence is submersible in a court of law and should be used to force NASA into admitting experimenting on a squirrel. Which is acceptable science it is a science experiment and lab subjects of animals like dogs, puppies, cats, rats, mole rats, chimpanzees and much more are sacrificed daily in the name of scientific advancement. Scott C. Waring
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The US Navy Secretly Designed a Super-Fast Futuristic Aircraft Resembling a UFO, Documents Reveal
The US Navy Secretly Designed a Super-Fast Futuristic Aircraft Resembling a UFO, Documents Reveal
by Jasper Hamill (metro.co.uk)
The US Navy applied for three patents in 2016. One of them was for a “craft using an inertial mass reduction device”, and it was granted last year. US Navy scientist Salvatore Cezar Pais filed the patent. The theoretical craft would use an ‘inertial mass reduction device’ generating artificial gravity waves. With this reduction in mass, it thereby lessens the object’s resistance to motion, or ‘inertia’, and is able to travel at a much greater velocity in water, air or even space.
‘It is possible to reduce the inertial mass and hence the gravitational mass, of a system/object in motion, by an abrupt perturbation of the non-linear background of local space-time,’ the patent states. ‘This hybrid craft would move with great ease through the air/space/water mediums, by being enclosed in a vacuum plasma bubble/sheath.’
The craft described in the patent features a cavity wall filled with gas, which is then made to vibrate using powerful electromagnetic waves. This then creates a vacuum around the craft, allowing it to propel itself at high speeds.
Earlier this year, it was revealed that US government researchers investigated wormholes, antigravity, invisibility cloaking, warp drives and high energy laser weapons during an official but covert probe into ‘unexplained aerial phenomena’ called the Advanced Aerospace Threat and Identification Program (AATIP). The program allegedly ended in 2012. Details of AATIP were first released in 2017.
Nick Pope, former UFO investigator at the Ministry of Defence, noted that this patented design was “uncannily similar” to the ‘tic tac UFO’ that was reported by Navy jet pilots from the USS Nimitz off of the coast of San Diego in 2004. The pilots saw a huge patch of churning, turbulent water suggesting something was beneath the surface, and then a tic tac UFO that accelerated at an ‘impossibly’ high speed. Pope also said that a similar incident of a UFO flying underwater occurred in Puerto Rico in 2013. “It’s possible that the patent is inspired by the incident and is part of an attempt to work out the technology behind the objects that were chased by the Navy F-18s. This is known as ‘reverse-engineering’,” says Pope.
The Navy patent also mentions Dr. Harold Puthoff, a key figure in AATIP who commissioned the 38 papers exploring exotic propulsion system technologies, which were used in Defense Intelligence Agency briefings filed with the US Congress. This is the type of “technology that we’d need for interstellar travel,” Pope added. “These patents might be the first steps in taking humankind to the stars.”
Another Navy patent was for a “high-frequency gravitational wave generator”. “If they have built the technology described in the patents, I’m sure the program is highly classified,” said Pope. “The bottom line is that if any of this works, we’re in game-changing territory.”
Although the US Navy applied for the patent in 2016 and it was granted last year, it doesn’t necessarily mean the craft has been built and tested. However, the technology is further evidence of the military’s interest in developing ‘exotic’ technologies.
Military inventors filed plans for a highly unusual flying machine which uses an ‘inertial mass reduction device’ to travel at ‘extreme speeds’. What that means is that the aircraft uses complex technology to reduce its mass and thereby lessen inertia (an object’s resistance to motion) so it can zoom along at high velocities. The patent is highly complex and describes methods of reducing the mass of an aircraft using various techniques including the generation of gravity waves, which were first detected in 2016 after being produced when two black holes collided.
‘It is possible to reduce the inertial mass and hence the gravitational mass, of a system/object in motion, by an abrupt perturbation of the non-linear background of local spacetime,’ the patent says. The craft described in the patent features a cavity wall filled with gas, which is then made to vibrate using powerful electromagnetic waves. This then creates a vacuum around the craft, allowing it to propel itself at high speeds. The UFO-style ship can be used in water, air or even space. ‘It is possible to envision a hybrid aerospace/undersea craft (HAUC), which due to the physical mechanisms enabled with the inertial mass reduction device, can function as a submersible craft capable of extreme underwater speeds… and enhanced stealth capabilities,’ the patent continues. ‘This hybrid craft would move with great ease through the air/space/water mediums, by being enclosed in a vacuum plasma bubble/sheath.’ Although the US Navy applied for the patent in 2016 and it was granted last year, it doesn’t necessarily mean the craft has been built and tested. However, the technology is further evidence of the military’s interest in developing ‘exotic’ technologies.
These drawings were filed as part of the patent and show a craft which looks a lot like a UFO
Details of AATIP were first released in 2017, including reports of a sighting made by fighter pilots from the USS Nimitz.
These pilots saw a huge patch of churning, turbulent water the size of a Boeing 737, suggesting something was beneath the surface, as well as a ‘tic tac’ aircraft which zoomed off at almost impossibly high speeds.
We spoke to Nick Pope, former UFO investigator at the Ministry of Defence, and asked if he saw any similarities between the patented design and the Nimitz Tic Tac.
‘A hybrid craft, capable of flying both in the air and underwater, is uncannily similar to what was reported in the USS Nimitz incident from 2004,’ he said.
‘There was a similar incident of a UFO flying underwater in Puerto Rico in 2013. The possible connection between the USS Nimitz incident and this patent is intriguing, and it’s interesting that the US Navy seems to be the link here.
‘It’s possible that the patent is inspired by the incident and is part of an attempt to work out the technology behind the objects that were chased by the Navy F-18s. This is known as ‘reverse-engineering’.’
Nick Pope is a novelist and global authority on UFOs
(Credit: David Howard/Flickr)
He said a ‘key question’ is how the plans fit in with the wider AATIP project.
In the latest patent, author Salvatore Cezar Pais mentions Harold Puthoff, a key figure in AATIP who commissioned the 38 papers exploring exotic technologies, which were then used by Defense Intelligence Agency durings briefings filed with the US Congress.
‘The papers that got media attention related to anti-gravity, invisibility cloaking, warp drive and wormholes, but a key point is that many of the papers relate to exotic propulsion systems – not just the technology that would enable us to build a faster aircraft, drone or missile, but the technology that we’d need for interstellar travel,’ Pope added.
‘These patents might be the first steps in taking humankind to the stars.’
Two views of the Tic Tac UFO observed by US Navy pilots
A declassified document which gives details of some of the research papers produced by AATIP investigators
We asked if he believed the craft in the patent had ever been built.
This patent for a “craft using an inertial mass reduction device” is fascinating, and is one of three patents filed by US Navy scientist Salvatore Cezar Pais.
‘The other one of his patents that caught my eye was one for a “high-frequency gravitational wave generator”.
'It’s sometimes hard to tell where the boundary lies between fringe science and science fiction. Furthermore, even if the theoretical physics turns out to be sound, aeronautical engineers still have to be able to build something, if any of this is to have any tangible effect.
‘If they have built the technology described in the patents, I’m sure the program is highly classified. The bottom line is that if any of this works, we’re in game-changing territory.’
Few stories have garnered more requests from our readers for commentary than the recent news that the Navy has decided to very publicly change its reporting rules and procedures for when its personnel observes an unexplained phenomenon like aUFOand aUSO. There have been wildly varying takes on this sudden change, but the truth is that it is very hard to know what to make of it considering how absurd it sounds—the Navy nowwants to know about unidentified craft that can penetrate airspace over its installations and around its most capable naval vessels with impunity? Shouldn't that be a default position for a service tasked with defending American interests and controlling vast swathes of area above, below, and on the surface of the Earth?
Politico was first to report on the Navy's new directions for reporting unexplained objects operating in the same environment as its vessels and aircraft. Politico's Bryan Bender writes:
"There have been a number of reports of unauthorized and/or unidentified aircraft entering various military-controlled ranges and designated air space in recent years," the Navy said in a statement in response to questions from POLITICO. "For safety and security concerns, the Navy and the [U.S. Air Force] takes these reports very seriously and investigates each and every report."
"As part of this effort," it added, "the Navy is updating and formalizing the process by which reports of any such suspected incursions can be made to the cognizant authorities. A new message to the fleet that will detail the steps for reporting is in draft."
To be clear, the Navy isn’t endorsing the idea that its sailors have encountered alien spacecraft. But it is acknowledging there have been enough strange aerial sightings by credible and highly trained military personnel that they need to be recorded in the official record and studied — rather than dismissed as some kooky phenomena from the realm of science-fiction.
The Washington Postdid their own follow-up to Politico's story, stating:
Recently, unidentified aircraft have entered military-designated airspace as often as multiple times per month, Joseph Gradisher, spokesman for office of the deputy chief of naval operations for information warfare, told The Washington Post on Wednesday.
Citing safety and security concerns, Gradisher vowed to “investigate each and every report.”
He said, “We want to get to the bottom of this. We need to determine who’s doing it, where it’s coming from and what their intent is. We need to try to find ways to prevent it from happening again.”
In recent years, from what we can tell, in part by the reporting done by The War Zone itself, is that there is no real way to distinctly classify something like a UFO or USO in such a way that it gets reported and an investigation occurs on an official level within the military. This appears to be true for civilian government institutions, like the FAA, as well. The lack of a structured procedure and classification system, and the nebulous fear of being stigmatized by reporting things like UFOs—something that has long plagued the military and private sectors alike—has repressed the conveyance of information in unquantifiable, but hugely significant ways.
This reality has led to much speculation, and rightfully so, that the military knows far more about these strange happenings than they are willing to let on, at least on the surface. Otherwise, why wouldn't they want to know more about intruders wielding fantastic technology that makes them impervious to existing countermeasures and defenses?
Now all this appears to be changing on a grand level, but why?
The technology is real
The fact is that we actually know that in the last 15 years, under at least somecircumstances, the military has wanted certain high-fidelity data related to encounters with what many would call UFOs. The most compelling encounter of our time, at least that we know of, occurred in and around where the Nimitz Carrier Strike Group was operating during workups to deployment in 2004.
The incident, or really the series of incidents as they occurred over a number of days, have become near legendary in nature as the witnesses involved are highly credible in nature and numerous. In addition, we have official reports detailing the incident that convey a very compelling story, as well as hours of testimony from those who were there—a group of sailors and naval aviators that seems to be emerging more and more out of the shadows with each passing day.
This is a very basic, but a well-produced overview of the main 'Tic Tac' incident. I highly recommend you read the story linked above and the report embedded in it for a much deeper understanding of the events that occurred over multiple days around the Nimitz Carrier Strike Group in 2004:
When it comes to the so-called "Tic Tac" incident that involved the Nimitz Carrier Strike Group off the Baja Peninsula in 2004, conclusions that are nearly impossible not to draw from it are so reality warping that even the forward-thinking aerospace community doesn't seem to have even begun coming to terms with them.
The main revelation is that technology exists that is capable of performing flying maneuvers that shatter our perceptions of propulsion, flight controls, material science, and even physics. Let me underline this again for you, the Nimitz encounter with the Tic Tac proved that exotic technology that is widely thought of as the domain of science fiction actually exists. It is real. It isn't the result of altered perception, someone's lucid dream, a stray weather balloon, or swamp gas. Someone or something has crossed the technological Rubicon and has obtained what some would call the Holy Grail of aerospace engineering.
This reality is very hard to process for many. There is always an out for some in the form of claiming an odd impromptu conspiracy or some hollow explanation that doesn't pass muster beyond the first paragraph, but in the end, it happened. As uncomfortable as that fact is, it's reality. So, we need to use this event as a lodestar going forward when it comes to evaluating and contemplating what is possible and where truth actually lies.
Here are video interviews of some of those who were there. Some are quite informal, but they give a good idea of what individuals' unique perceptions were of the events in question:
What many may not know about this event is that it occurred in a place and time where the most powerful set of aerial surveillance sensors ever created were amassed together and were watching and recording it all. And it is the recording part that is maybe the most interesting facet of the Nimitzencounters that has largely been passed over in terms of significance and notoriety.
Ideal test conditions
What most don't realize is that the Nimitz Carrier Strike Group wasn't just equipped with some of the most advanced sensors the world had to offer, but that it also had hands-down the most advanced networking and computer processing capability of any such system. Dubbed Cooperative Engagement Capability (CEC), this integrated air defense system architecture was just being fielded on a Strike Group level for the first time aboard Nimitz and the rest of its flotilla.
Our readers are familiar with CEC and the follow-on iterations that have come since, as we talk about the concepts behind them often. At its very basic level, it uses the Strike Group's diverse and powerful surveillance sensors, including the SPY-1 radars on Aegis Combat System-equipped cruisers and destroyers, as well as the E-2C Hawkeye's radar picture from on high, and fuses that information into a common 'picture' via data-links and advanced computer processing. This, in turn, provides very high fidelity 'tracks' of targets thanks to telemetry from various sensors operating at different bands and looking at the same target from different aspects and at different ranges.
Whereas a stealthy aircraft or one employing electronic warfare may start to disappear on a cruiser's radar as it is viewing the aircraft from the surface of the Earth and from one angle, it may still be very solid on the E-2 Hawkeye's radar that is orbiting at 25,000 feet and a hundred miles away from the cruiser. With CEC, the target will remain steady on both platform's CEC enabled screens as they are seeing fused data from both sources and likely many others as well.
We are talking about a quantum leap in capability and fidelity here folks.
The data-link connectivity and the quality of the enhanced telemetry means that weapons platforms, such as ships and aircraft, could also fire on targets without needing to use their own sensor data. For instance, a cruiser could fire a missile at a low-flying aircraft that is being tracked by a Hawkeye and an F/A-18 even though it doesn't show up on their own scopes. This capability continues to evolve and mature today and will be the linchpin of any peer-state naval battle of the future that the U.S. is involved with. But back in 2004, it was new and untested on the scale presented by the Nimitz Carrier Strike Group as it churned through the warning areas off the Baja Coast.
The key takeaway here is that if ever there was an opportune time to capture the very best real-world sensor data on a high-performance target in near lab-like controlled settings offered by the restricted airspace off the Baja Coast, this was it. And by intention or chance, this is exactly what happened.
Someone within the DoD was very interested
By multiple accounts from vetted first-hand sources, the hard drives that record CEC data from the E-2C Hawkeye and Aegis-equipped ships were seized in a very mysterious fashion following the Tic Tac incident. Uniformed U.S. Air Force officers showed up on these vessels and confiscated the devices and they were never to be seen again. This is not rumor or hearsay, this is attested to by multiple uniformed witnesses that were on the vessels that made up the Nimitz Carrier Strike Group at the time.
At the same time, on an official level, the Navy seemed to shut down any further investigation into the incident. The aforementioned after-action report states that the Nimitz Carrier Strike Group’s senior intelligence officer, whose name is redacted, alerted the Navy’s 3rd Fleet intelligence officer, or N2, about the incident via secure Email. That same Email, known as a Mission Report (MISREP), included the video footage and other details.
For unexplained reasons, officials at the 3rd Fleet N2 declined to send this report up the chain of command. They also deleted the MISREP, but speculated that paper copy should have been available. However, there is no indication that anyone went looking for this physical copy of the MISREP during the investigation.
USN Nimitz Carrier Strike Group.
When interviewed, the Nimitz Strike Group’s senior intelligence officer also offered up the opinion that “he believed it [the UFO] was part of a counterdrug operation based on the area of operations,” which seems wholly incongruous with the available information.
As such, even though there is no official indication that an investigation into the events that week ever occurred at a very high level beyond after-action reports, we know someone within the military had a very high interest in what went on and wanted the high-fidelity radar data collected from the Strike Group. Not just deleted, but seized, potentially for exploitation.
So yeah, someone was highly interested in this event within the DoD. Whether that was because it was of an unexplained nature or part of a test of a very capable secret aerospace program, remains unclear.
Could it be ours?
The latter possibility is also very hard for people to come to terms with—that this capability could belong to the U.S. military. There is no better place to test such a system than against the Nimitz Carrier Strike Group with its CEC abilities during its workup off the Baja Coast. It is not an operational environment. Aircraft are not armed and nobody is expecting a fight. It is high-level integrated training with crews that have sharpened skills as they prepare for a cruise in which they could very well be called upon to fight for their country. Those warning areas and range complexes that extend out and downfrom the Channel Islands off the SoCal coast are among the best space the U.S. military has for training and testing advanced hardware and tactics in a secure and sanitized environment.
In other words, it was an ideal testing environment that featured the very best aerial, surface, and undersea surveillance sensors and sensor crews on the planet.
FAS.ORG
The expansive range complexes and warning areas off Southern California and Mexico.
In addition, the fact is that the U.S. government has poured the equivalent of tens of billions of dollars each year into the black budget for the better part of a century. The idea that somewhere along the way they got lucky and made major breakthroughs in highly exotic technologies may not be convenient to believe as a possibility for those that have grander visions for the unexplained, but I contend that it is quite plausible. In fact, it mirrors the cryptic statements made by top players in the dark areas of aerospace development, such as those of the late Ben Rich, a Lockheed's Skunk Works chief that is largely credited for giving birth to stealth technology as we know it today. For instance, Rich told Popular Mechanics the following that underscores just how long major breakthroughs in man-made clandestine aerospace technology can stay hidden:
"There are some new programs, and there are certain things, some of them 20 or 30 years old, that are still breakthroughs and appropriate to keep quiet about [because] other people don’t have them yet."
Clearly, the ability to defy the limits of traditional propulsion and lift-borne flight would be the pinnacle of aerospace and electrical engineering and could be far too sensitive to disclose, at least in some people's eyes within the national security establishment. Even the risk of testing this technology against known air defense capabilities would have to be weighed against the need for the tightest of secrecy. But since UFOs carry such a stigma and have deep pop culture roots in our society, the risk of doing so against an unknowing Carrier Strike Group operating under tight training restrictions seems small and the setting uniquely ideal.
In other words, could the Tic Tac have been ours?
Yes.
The same could be said of our adversaries. They too could have made some breakthroughs in highly exotic propulsion technology, but I find this less likely due to their more limited resources. But it is still possible.
Yet at the same time, we know that whoever that craft belonged to, the information the flotilla collected on it was of great importance to some entity within the DoD. And the fact that just the radar data was seized makes sense in that the extent of the Nimitz Carrier Strike Group radar network could not be replicated over land during small-scale testing, or via a chance encounters with military aircraft. Electro-optical data could. The Nimitz Carrier Strike Group represented literally the sum of many parts spread out over a large area and made up of tens of billions of dollars in assets operating with the best technology available at the time.
With all this in mind, the idea that the Navy is supposedly just now interested in what its aviators and sailors see when it comes to unexplained craft peculiar and nebulous, to say the least. One can't help but feel there are two realities at play within America's defense apparatus—one that sits on or very near the surface and one that resides deep below it.
Information warfare
If the DoD truly has no idea of what these things are, then it seems absurd that it is just now curious about them after the better part of a century of sightings and even major encounters, including many having to do with its own installations and personnel. In fact, we know that isn't historically the case and that there has been varying degrees of documented interest in the topic over the years, including funded studies as recently as the last decade in the form of the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program—better known as AATIP—and who knows what else we don't know about.
But even AATIP, like the statements we are getting from the Navy today, could have been something designed to emerge into the public domain. One couldposit the peculiar assembly of To The Stars Academy, a hybrid entertainment and UFO research corporation assembled by ex-Blink 182 frontman Tom DeLonge that has oddly attracted a number of impressive team members from the defense, aerospace, and intelligence community, is also a government-manufactured—or at least encouraged—information conduit of sorts, at least to some degree. Nearly all of the individuals on its impressive roster are fresh off long careers working, in one way or another, for the government and holding very high-security clearances to do so. This includes Luis Elizondo, the same guy who supposedly ran AATIP for the Defense Intelligence Agency up until its shuttering in 2012.
Watch DeLonge on Joe Rogan for an idea of just how questionable this whole arrangement sounds:
This, folks, is where the rabbit hole of information and disinformation opens up below us. There is no way around it. With the vacuum of verifiable information that the government has created on the matter, and all the rumor and speculation, one's truth compass begins to spin with reckless abandon as you dig into these issues. It is not only about what is real and what is not real, but it is also about what does the government want us to believe and not to believe. The truth could be the eventual goal, but getting there may include a long trail of often stale factoid crumbs that seem to lead in puzzling directions. In other words, even if the government wants the truth to come out eventually, it seems alarmingly clear they are going to do it on their own terms, and the timeline for that plan could be measured in decades, not years, or more.
On the other hand, putting a possible goal of disclosure aside, there is also a very real reason why the Pentagon would want the idea of UFOs injected back into the public's consciousness and even to add validity to it. Doing so is in itself a very old chapter in Uncle Sam's information warfare playbook. During the Cold War, the government actively lied about UFOs and perpetuated UFO hysteria to cover up its secret aircraft programs. They literally spread disinformation to the public in order to create a wonderfully convenient cover for the myriad clandestine weapon systems in development or operational at the time. Now, we are once again back in an age of "great power competition," according to the Pentagon, and billions of dollars are being pumped into new technologies that were considered exotic themselves just years ago. With this in mind, reanimating maybe the best and most broadly self-perpetuating cover story of all time for sightings of clandestine aircraft that people see in the sky seems like a highly logical and proven act.
As I have said over and over again, the sky, and the things we are accustomed to seeing inhabiting it, is going to look increasingly different in the very near term. Hypersonics, drone swarms, directed energy weapons, and a full-onemerging arms race in space are just some of the very real activities and technologies that will dominate the near future of American weapons development. The products of all of these initiatives, once manifested, could appear positively alien to curious bystanders.
The military will be able to explain some of this, but some of it they won't. So, reinvigorating the presence of UFOs in the American psyche by adding heaps of validity to the topic on an official level and possibly also on a less than official level (To The Stars Academy for instance) can help keep secret programs that grace the skies just that, secret. And who knows, that list of programs and technologies could include the very Tic Tac and other bizarrely shaped craft that can defy imagination with their aerial feats that have been spotted and even recorded in recent years. In fact, if the U.S. military has such a capability, the UFO cover story would be imperative to keeping the nature of its existence under wraps.
The game has changed
If the Pentagon really doesn't know what these things are or where they come from, after so many years of sightings and odd encounters and its own studies and shadowy probes, then that would be an unfathomable dereliction of duty considering they are, you know, tasked with keeping America safe from the foreign harm. But really, how can we believe the idea that the military has zero opinion on the matter. It seems like a laughable proposition at best. If there is anything they would have high interest in, it would be craft capable of decimating the enemy on a whim.
With all that being said, what does the Navy's move to change its procedures and rules in regards to reporting UFOs mean?
Nothing, at least not definitively.
Is it a case of one hand not knowing what the other hand is doing? Is it just a relevant move in this new era of heightened power competition with peer state adversaries? Or is somehow part of a broader information campaign with unidentified goals?
We can't say for sure, but a mix of all of those things and more is certainly possible. The reality is the entire narrative, and at times the lack thereof, on UFOs from the Department of Defense, is a total mess of contradictory statements and historical facts.
Whatever the truth is, the landscape when it comes to the U.S. government and its relation to unexplained objects in the sky and in our oceans is clearly changing.
To what end remains just as much a mystery as the fantastic vehicles themselves.
A few research provides the most complete account to date of the viruses that impact the world’s oceans, increasing the number of known virus populations tenfold.
“This new understanding of viruses from the northern pole to the southern pole and from the surface to 4,000 meters deep may help scientists better understand how the oceans will behave under the pressures of climate change,” said Ahmed Zayed, co-lead author of the study and microbiology doctoral student at The Ohio State University.
Ahmed Zayed
Credit: OSU
Researchers analyzed marine samples far and deep in an effort to understand the complexities of viruses, which are increasingly being recognized as important players in the oceans’ role in tempering the effects of climate change.
This new study brings the total known marine viral populations within the ocean clos 200,00e to0 – work that will help scientists better understand their influence throughout the world, including their part in delivering carbon deep into the sea, protecting the atmosphere from further damage. The study, led by researchers at Ohio State, appears online today (April 25) in the journal Cell.
“This is a massively expanded ‘catalog’ of ocean viruses, which we used to draw the first global map of viral diversity,” Zayed said.
Added Ann Gregory, co-lead author of the study, “What was really exciting was now being able to study these viruses at two important levels – the population level and by looking at genetic variation within each population, which tells us about evolution.
“We have expanded the number of known viral populations more than tenfold and this new map will help us understand the impact of ocean viruses on a global level,” said Gregory, formerly of Ohio State and now a postdoctoral trainee in Belgium at KU Leuven.
The samples were collected during the unprecedented three-year Tara Oceans Expedition, in which a team of more than 200 experts took to the sea to catalog and better understand the unseen inhabitants of the ocean, from tiny animals to viruses and bacteria.
In addition to the prior research in the temperate and tropical oceans, this new work includes samples from the schooner’s circumnavigation of the Arctic Ocean – the area most significantly impacted by climate change.
The researchers involved in the new study were able to document the viruses by analyzing their genetics, and by using advanced computational algorithms.
The study was the first to systematically sample the Arctic for viruses and it included deeper samples from other oceans than previously studied, Zayed said. A detailed accounting of these viruses is important because of their broad influence on other marine microbes, including bacteria, archaea, protozoa and fungi.
“Marine microbes have a profound impact on our earth. They produce more than half of the oxygen we breathe, they move carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to the sea floor and they make up about 60 percent of the ocean’s biomass, acting as the foundation of the food web in the oceans,” Sullivan said.
Samples were collected during the unprecedented three-year Tara Oceans Expedition, in which a team of more than 200 experts took to the sea to catalog and better understand the unseen inhabitants of the ocean, from tiny animals to viruses and bacteria.
Photo credit: Tara Foundation
When viruses infect microbes, it can change the structure of the microbial communities, boost their metabolism and impact their evolution. In the oceans, that is linked to the oceans’ ability to improve the environment by taking up human-produced carbon dioxide.
The researchers explored the genetic variation between individuals within each viral population, the level of variation between populations within each community, the level of variation between communities across multiple environments in the global ocean and the driving forces of all these variations.
“After ‘drawing’ these multilevel global maps of viral diversity, we found some surprises. First, almost all of the viral communities fell into just five groups based on their location and depth. When we examined the genes of the viruses in each of those communities, we found evidence of genetic adaptation to the different zones of the ocean,” Gregory said.
The second surprise was that viral diversity was high in the Arctic Ocean. Most studies of larger organisms have concluded that diversity is highest at the equator and decreases as you move toward the poles.
“This suggests that the Arctic could be an unrecognized ‘cradle’ of viral biodiversity beyond the tropics and emphasizes the importance of these drastically climate-impacted Arctic regions for global biodiversity,” Zayed said.
Other Ohio State scientists who worked on the study were Ben Bolduc, Guillermo Dominguez-Huerta, Yunxiao Liu, Simon Roux and Dean Vik.
The study was supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the National Science Foundation.
DNA-onderzoek langwerpige schedels uit Peru levert verrassende resultaten op. Bekijk de video
DNA-onderzoek langwerpige schedels uit Peru levert verrassende resultaten op. Bekijk de video
In 2012 werd op het Peruaanse schiereiland Paracas een langwerpige schedel gevonden. De schedel is 2,5 keer zo zwaar als een normale schedel en heeft een inhoud die 20 procent groter is dan normaal.
In het zuiden van Peru zijn door de jaren heen honderden van dit soort mysterieuze schedels gevonden.
Volgens archeologen werden de schedels afgebonden om hun vorm te veranderen.
Imiteren
Sommigen zeggen echter dat bepaalde culturen aan schedelvervorming deden om buitenaardse bezoekers te imiteren.
Onderzoeker Brien Foerster wijst erop dat er nog meer verschillen zijn tussen de schedels die in Peru zijn gevonden en normale menselijke schedels.
Zo zijn de oogkassen een stuk groter dan normaal en zitten er twee gaten in de achterkant van de schedel.
Volstrekt onbekend
In 2014 werd één van de vreemde schedels onderworpen aan een DNA-onderzoek. Sommige DNA-segmenten waren volstrekt onbekend.
Foerster denkt dat het hier mogelijk gaat om een oude bloedlijn die verwant is aan de Homo sapiens.
Brian Greene, professor of physics and mathematics at Columbia University explains what we know about time travel so far.
It's critical that you realize that there are two types of time travel, and they are radically different. Time travel to the future? Definitely possible.
We know how to do it because Einstein showed us the way over a hundred years ago. It’s surprising how few people actually really know about this in their bones.
He showed that if you go out into space and travel near the speed of light, and you turn around, and you come back, your clock will be ticking off time more slowly. So, when you step off it's going to be the future on planet Earth. You will have time traveled into the future.
He also showed that if you hang out near a nice strong source of gravity, a neutron star, a black hole and you kind of get right near the edge of that object, time also for you would slow down real slow relative to everybody else. And therefore, when you come back to Earth, for instance, it'll again be far into the future.
This is not controversial stuff. Any physicist who knows what they're talking about agrees with this. But the other kind of time travel — to the past is where the arguments start to happen because many of us don't think that time travel to the past is possible.
The main proposal that people at least consider worthy of attention for traveling to the past does make use of a weird concept called wormholes. A wormhole is something that really … Albert Einstein again discovered. The guy has like got his name written over everything in this field.
It's a bridge, if you will, from one location space to another. It's kind of a tunnel that gives you a shortcut to go from here to here.
Now he discovered this in 1935 but it was subsequently realized that if you manipulate the openings of a wormhole — put one near a black hole or take one on a high-speed journey, then time of the two openings of this wormhole tunnel will not take off at the same rate, so that you will no longer just go from one location in space to another, if you go through this tunnel, through this wormhole, you'll go from one moment in time to a different moment in time.
Go one way, you'll travel to the past, the other way, travel to the future.
Now again, we don't know if wormholes are real. We don't know if they are real whether you'll be able to go through them.
So, there are all sorts of uncertainties here. Most of us think that you're not going to actually go on a whirlwind journey through a wormhole to the past. But it's still not ruled out.
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Aliens zijn al op aarde en vermengen zich met ons, zegt deze Oxford-professor (hij noemt vier soorten)
Aliens zijn al op aarde en vermengen zich met ons, zegt deze Oxford-professor (hij noemt vier soorten)
Aliens leven al onder ons en zijn van plan de aarde te koloniseren, zo zegt Oxford-professor Young-hae Chi.
Ze vermengen zich volgens hem met mensen om een nieuwe hybride soort te creëren die de aarde moet redden, meldt The Times.
Deze hybriden begeven zich mogelijk al onder ons, aldus dr. Chi.
Debat
Hij wilde vorig jaar een debat voeren hierover, maar daar stak de Oxford-universiteit een stokje voor.
Chi gelooft dat er een sterke correlatie is tussen klimaatverandering en buitenaardse ontvoeringen, schrijft de Oxford Student.
Hij citeerde een onderzoeker in de Verenigde Staten, die stelt dat aliens de planeet willen koloniseren door zich te vermengen met mensen om een nieuwe hybride soort voort te brengen.
Vier soorten
Dr. Chi zei dat ‘niet alleen wetenschappers en theologen, maar ook niet-menselijke soorten bezorgd zijn over het voortbestaan van de mens’.
Het verschijnen van de aliens valt samen met grote problemen op aarde, waaronder kernwapens en klimaatverandering, aldus Chi.
Volgens hem zijn er vier soorten aliens op aarde: klein; groot; geschubd met slangachtige ogen; en insectachtig.
Beperkt
De insect-aliens leven in een biosysteem dat we niet kunnen waarnemen omdat onze perceptie beperkt wordt door onze organen, zei hij.
Mensen die zijn ontvoerd door aliens hebben gezegd dat de hybriden zeer intelligent zijn. Daaruit maakt Chi op dat zij de probleemoplossers en leiders van de toekomst zijn.
On the matter of doppelgangers,Britannica.com states: “Doppelgänger, (German: ‘double goer’), in German folklore, a wraith or apparition of a living person, as distinguished from a ghost. The concept of the existence of a spirit double, an exact but usually invisible replica of every man, bird, or beast, is an ancient and widespread belief. To meet one’s double is a sign that one’s death is imminent. The doppelgänger became a popular symbol of horror literature, and the theme took on considerable complexity.” Then, there’s the followingfrom Mythology.net: ” Stories of doppelgangers date back to ancient myth and legend. The theme of an evil twin or haunting ghost replica have featured numerous times in literature and art, depicting an innate fascination with the concept, whether real or imaginary. The concept of a good and evil twin is noted as far back as the 5th century BC, in an ancient Iranian religion called Zoroastrianism. The two primal spirits were the sons of time and represented darkness and light.”
All of which brings me to the matter of, as per the title of this article, the strange story of Brad Steiger’s very own doppelgangers. It was a few years ago that Brad shared with me the extremely weird saga. He said: “After more than 50 years of research in the UFO and paranormal fields, I have come to the conclusion that many of the mysteries that bedevil us are products of a reflexive phenomenon. This reflexive action does not usually occur in the more mundane pursuits of architecture, industry, mining, agriculture and the like, but once one begins actively to pursue Ufology or psychical research, one runs the risk of entering a surreal world in which the usual physical laws do not apply.”
Surreal, indeed, as the following words from Brad made abundantly clear: “In the following cases I suspect a human agency was involved in a strange campaign that was conducted regarding Steiger imposters who spoke at various conferences around the United States. On occasions the imposters allegedly conducted themselves very well, thus making the whole enterprise of ‘Counterfeit Steigers’ a seemingly futile project. On other occasions, the imposter’s assignment was quite obviously to taint my reputation.
“On a unfortunate number of occasions, I received letters complaining of my outrageous and insulting behavior while speaking at a conference. There were claims that I had openly berated my audience, calling them stupid for accepting the very premise of UFOs. A close friend happened to arrive on the scene after one pseudo-Steiger had departed and tried his best to assure the sponsors of the event that the rowdy, disrespectful speaker could not have been the real Brad. In his letter, my friend warned me that he had visited a number of lecture halls where the imposter had damned his audiences. ‘Someone seems out to damage your reputation,’ he advised.
“In a most bizarre twist, dozens of men and women have approached me at various lectures and seminars, congratulating me about the manner in which I bested Dr. Carl Sagan in debate. The event allegedly occurred after a lecture when I happened to bump into the great scientist in a restaurant. The eatery, according to the witnesses, was crowded with those who had attended the seminar, and they egged on a debate between myself and Dr. Sagan. I mopped up the floor with him, countering his every argument against the reality of UFOs. The truth is that I never met Dr. Sagan, therefore, neither had I ever debated him. But from coast to coast, there are those who claim to have witnessed my triumphal bout.
“Even more individuals claim to have been in the audience when I delivered a rousing message from the Space Brothers in Seattle. Regardless of how often I deny that I was not in Seattle at that time and have never channeled the Space Brothers, those who were at that event are puzzled why I would deny my eloquence.”
Some of the most interesting UFO reports from over the years are those which occurred at sea. Entire books have been written about this subject, most notably, Ivan Sanderson’s Invisible Residents (1970), which may have been the first major offering to look deeply at a maritime component to the broader UFO enigma.
In the book, Sanderson leads off with an explosive account, to put it lightly. “One evening in the Antarctic,” Sanderson writes, “a Brazilian scientist by the name of Dr. Rubens J. Villela, seconded to the U.S. Navy’s ‘Operation Deep Freeze’ and aboard an icebreaker, was literally jolted almost out of both his body and his mind by a ‘something’ that suddenly came roaring up out of the sea through no less than 37 feet of ice, and went on up into the sky like a vast silvery bullet. The ship was in Admiralty Bay, which faces the South Atlantic Ocean.”
Explosive indeed. It is one of countless similar reports; and by saying “countless,” I don’t mean this merely as an expression used in passing. One might argue that there are literally too many reports of odd things like this, observed in our skies, and particularly over our oceans, to be able to count them reliably.
Many can be explained as some prosaic things, of course, and some others are likely the results of biological phenomenon such as bioluminescent organisms and other naturally-occurring “light shows” that can appear in certain regions of ocean water. However, there are always those outliers, which are a bit more difficult to explain.
In keeping with Sanderson’s description of a “vast silvery bullet” from earlier, an interesting report occurred in the 1980s, where employees with the RCA Service Company at the Atlantic Underwater Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC) base in the Bahamas observed an unusual object as it passed overhead one evening.
The primary witness had been a crew member stationed there in 1985, when he and another crew member were performing a routine overnight watch that lasted from midnight until 4 AM. Suddenly, a source of light traveling through the sky caught their attention, when they turned and saw two strange “rockets” flying side by side, which passed directly over their ship traveling on an easterly course.
Andros Island, adjacent to the “Tongue of the Ocean,” where the incident report in question took place.
According to a witness statement supplied to NUFORC:
These “rockets” were highly unusual as neither made any sound, were traveling at an oddly slow rate of speed and were visible to us for about 15 seconds. However, the rockets left behind contrails that glowed brightly and which were “multi-colored,” in that the contrail smoke changed from white to green to blue to pink and then disappeared completely after about ten minutes. (I estimate that they passed over us at an altitude of about 500 to 1000 feet; both rockets were white-colored and perhaps 25 to 40 feet in length).
The witnessed wondered whether these projectile-like objects could have been part of some secret U.S. Navy test that had been underway in the area. However, the main witness noted that he felt any AUTEC personnel would have possessed knowledge of U.S. Navy experiments in the area, of which none were known at that time.
“As an AUTEC vessel, we would definitely have been informed that such a test was being undertaken,” the witness stated, “and subsequently warned to stay out of the area. This had always been the Navy’s practice during similar rocket firing tests that I witnessed while working at sea in the same area.”
After their sighting of the two unusual objects, the witness checked with an air traffic control operator back at the Andros base, who said he had no knowledge of anything akin to rocket tests that had taken place on the night of the sighting, though he “certainly would have been in a position to know.”
The witness said he and his companion “never heard of rockets that travel in such close proximity to each other,” or “at such an unusually slow speed.” Also unusual was the fact that these objects, whatever they were, made no sound whatsoever.
“Since that incident occurred,” the witness concluded, “I have learned that there is a known history of so-called ghost rocket sightings in other parts of the world, particularly in Sweden.”
Could these two objects witnessed by two AUTEC crew members in the summer of 1985 have been anything akin to the mysterious projectiles observed over Scandinavia almost half a century earlier? In any case, we can count them among the “countless” other sightings I addressed near the outset of this report, and among the many “unknowns” that occasionally appear in the skies over our oceans.
A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket prepares to launch a GPS satellite into orbit.
Photo: John Roux (AP
The United States may or may not be getting a Space Force, but while President Trump is all-in on the creation of a new branch of the U.S. Military—and blowing up the military bureaucracy—it’s worth keeping in mind other countries have their military space programs. A recent DIA report shines a light on how the U.S. views these programs, particularly those of Russia and China, neither of which seem particularly threatening—for now anyway.
This week President Donald Trump signed Space Policy Directive 4, ordering the Pentagon to stand up the Space Force as a new branch of the U.S. military. The Space Force, which still requires the blessing of Congress, is miles from being able to put moon boots on the ground, and its existence—let alone usefulness—is still a puzzle to many. To look at how supporters justify the Space Force, it’s useful to look at America’s potential adversaries, particularly Russia and China, and what the U.S. government claims they’re doing in space.
Russia is potentially America’s foremost space adversary, at least for now anyway. Russia’s space establishment is an inheritance from the Cold War-era USSR, and the country has a lot of operational extraterrestrial hardware today. The USSR never landed astronauts on the moon or flew a reusable spacecraft like the Space Shuttle, but it was the first country to put a man in space (and unlike the United States, Russia can still do that today) and orbited the space station Mir long before the International Space Station was in the sky.
The USSR was also arguably the first to militarize space, placing a cannon the Salyut-3 space station, and the Pentagon is still wary of Russia’s intentions. The Pentagon is most concerned with Russia’s military counter-space program, which it believes is pointed squarely at the United States. The Defense Intelligence Agency’s Challenges to Security in Space report, published in February 2019, claims that “Russia views America’s perceived dependence on space as the ‘Achilles heel’ of U.S. military power, which can be exploited to achieve Russian conflict objectives.”
It goes on:
Russia is therefore pursuing counterspace systems to neutralize or deny U.S. space-based services, both military and commercial, as a means of offsetting a perceived U.S. military advantage and is developing an array of weapons designed to interfere with or destroy an adversary’s satellites.
A computerized projection of space objects monitored by Russian space radar, Sofrino, Russia.
Photo: AP
How does Russia plan to do this? First, Moscow needs to know what U.S. space assets to target in wartime. Despite the loss of the economic and military power of the wider Soviet Union, Russia still maintains a network of “telescopes, radars, and other sensors,” capable of detecting and tracking U.S. satellites and other space objects. Russia would likely go after America’s military-controlled NAVSTAR GPS satellites (24 of them), Milstar military communications satellites (eight), the Defense Satellite Communications System satellites (seven), and literally dozens of early missile warning, reconnaissance, and surveillance satellites. The loss of GPS satellites in particular would hit civilian smartphone and other GPS users around the globe.
Interfering with space assets doesn’t necessarily require going into space. Moscow has led efforts to develop GPS jamming technology like something recently detected in the Black Sea and near the Russian-Norwegian border. It could also jam-interfere with satellites and their ability to pass messages between terrestrial forces. Finally, hacking satellites or ground stations could prevent their use by adversaries. Not only do none of these measures actually involve going into space, in some cases they can be done from the comfort of home.
A straightforward solution is to fire a ground-based laser at a satellite in low earth orbit, blinding or otherwise disabling it. The new DIA report warns that the Peresvet laser weapon, deployed in late 2018, is designed to attack enemy satellites. The DIA also reports that Russia is likely testing a “ground-based, mobile missile system” for the destruction of incoming ballistic missiles and satellites.
Chinese students celebrating China’s first taikonaut, Yang Liwei.
Photo: Getty
China is the other major space power. China launched its first satellite in April 1970, but ramped up space activities in the late 1990s and 2000s as the country experienced rapid economic growth. China launched its first taikonaut, Yang Liwei, into space in 2003, and in January 2019 landed a probe on the far side of the moon.
Like Russia, the U.S. is worried about Chinese counterspace activities potentially aimed at American satellites. Like Russia, China has a network of space surveillance assets, including telescopes, radars, and space tracking ships such as the small fleet of Yuan Wangspace event ships, whose huge two huge high frequency parabolic antennas and optical tracking stations can monitor satellites in space.
The Defense Intelligence Agency believes that China is following a similar track to Russia, developing counterspace assets that can cripple U.S. forces in wartime. The DIA believes that China will attempt to interfere with satellites from the ground, but also believes it is prepared to physically go after satellites: Chinese research into satellites that can close with objects in space, repair satellites, and clean up “space debris,” the DIA argues, could be used to go after perfectly good enemy satellites and disable them.
China’s SC-19 anti-satellite weapon is believed to be based on the DF-21 medium range ballistic missile, a version of which is shown here.
Photo: Andy Wong (Getty)
China also has an anti-satellite missile, the SC-19, believed to be currently operational. The SC-19 was tested in 2007 against the obsolete Fengyun-1C weather satellite, an incident viewed with alarm not just because it was an anti-satellite weapon but because it produced more than 3,000 pieces of hazardous space debris. The Pentagon believes China is developing ground-based anti-satellite weapons, including a laser that could damage the optics of spy satellites by 2020, and further in the future, a more powerful laser to disable GPS and communications satellites.
Russian and Chinese counterspace efforts are just one part of the military space efforts of both countries, but both seem pretty squarely aimed at the United States’ military space assets. They are not, for example, working to place nuclear or other weapons in space that could be dropped down on the heads of ordinary Americans. Both countries realize a key truth about the modern American way of war: if war comes, America fights its wars in some else’s backyard. In the event of war, U.S. forces would use communications and navigation satellites to coordinate the flow of ships, aircraft, and formations of troops over thousands of miles, across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans to the doorsteps of both Russia and China. Advocates of the U.S. Space Force believe that Russia, China, and other entities are seeking ways to disrupt that flow in wartime and give themselves an edge. That’s a pretty natural reaction to a potential adversary.
Artist’s conception of a Soviet laser at Sary Shagan, USSR, published in 1985. In 1989 a hands-on assessment revealed the most powerful laser at the facility had only a 2 kilowatt output, “as much as a sunbeam
Illustration: Department of Defense (Soviet Military Power)
There are unknowns here that should give us pause. We don’t how true claims of Russian and Chinese ground-based anti-satellite lasers are. The Pentagon first warned of a similar Soviet laser weapon in 1985 but the actual system fell far short of weapon status. Another thing we don’t know: the intent of Russia and China to use anti-satellite weapons. While early use by both countries might be advantageous in a conventional war, the benefits could be short-lived. Moscow and Beijing would both have to weigh whether it was more important to slow the Americans down or avoid a war in space that could wipe out their own fleets of satellites.
Is there enough of a threat here to justify an entirely new arm of the Pentagon? The answer is “probably not yet.” As important as our military satellites are, the threat to them is relatively thin at this point. Supporters of the Space Force have really not answered the question of how a new branch of the military bureaucracy would do a better job than the current military bureaucracy, and the current U.S. leadership lacks credibility. As more of America’s economy becomes space-oriented a Space Force is an inevitability. But now, in 2019? It doesn’t seem to make sense.
Late last week, military news site Task & Purpose confirmed a disturbing fact: the newly created U.S. Space Force has no intention of fighting aliens. Despite the recent uptick of military UFO sightings, the Pentagon appears uninterested (at least officially) in the possibility of hostile aliens. But if an alien invasion does take place, which arm of the Pentagon would respond? The answer: probably all of them.
If the unidentified flying objects described by Navy pilots, as well as military and civilian personnel for the past seventy years, are really of extraterrestrial origin and unfriendly, how would the Pentagon deal with them?
If UFOs suddenly descended from the skies, toasting the Statue of Liberty, the Great Mall of America, and the Golden Gate Bridge with death rays, the Pentagon would need to convene some sort of study group to quickly determine what kind of threat it was dealing with. If that happens, forget the Air Force.
Ironically, the service that would most likely take the lead is the U.S. Navy.
Why the Navy? Aliens would likely come from vast distances, traveling light years in long distance voyages, to smash puny humans. The U.S. Navy is unique among the services in planning similar, though much, much shorter voyages. Both submarines and UFOs deal with pressure—in the case of submarines the pressure is on the outside, while in space the pressure is on the inside of the vehicle. From an operational and technical standpoint, aliens and sailors have a few things in common.
Would all of this firepower matter in a fight with aliens?Image: U.S. Navy
(Getty)
There are other reasons the Navy might take the lead. Seventy-one percent of the Earth’s surface is covered by water, and if aliens operated from the water (remember, the 2004 sighting included reports of a 737-sized object on the surface of the ocean) the Navy is unique in having manned aircraft, surface ships, and submarines prowling above, on, and below the surface of the ocean. The Navy could also sail to the most remote locations in the world’s oceans, establishing a military presence for weeks or months, to investigate and monitor for enemy activity.
The Air Force could operate against aliens, but the service’s fighters and bombers could only remain on station for mere minutes or hours before returning to base. Against a terrestrial threat this isn’t really a big deal, but against an alien threat we know nothing about—and according to the 2004 incident, theoretically capable of traveling extraordinary distances in a blink of an eye—such a force will be less useful.
If humans could lure aliens into a set-piece battle the Air Force could bring a lot of firepower, but how one lures aliens into battle is anyone’s guess. In the meantime the Space Force, nestled under control of the Air Force, would contribute to the alien war by maintaining the U.S. military’s network of position, navigation, and timing/GPS satellites, communication satellites, and other space-based assets.
US Army Abrams tanks and Bradley fighting vehicles exercising in Estonia, 2017.Photo: Sean Gallup
(Getty)
The Army would be the service responsible if aliens attempted a landing in the United States, or presumably one of our allies. The Army’s 10 combat divisions would spring into action, attempting to destroy the aliens with fire and maneuver. It would be in many ways similar to countering an airborne landing, with the Army attempting to destroy the alien’s landing zone and prevent the flow of alien reinforcements. The Marines could also get in on the alien fighting, particularly overseas in Asia, Europe, or even the Middle East—though one would like to think aliens would be smart enough to avoid that region and the prospect of their own 18-year war altogether.
Of course, all of this is contingent on the U.S. military being on par with alien technology... which, frankly, is extremely unlikely. The universe is billions of years old, and other races could easily have a head start of a million years or more on us. And certainly, any species capable of interstellar flight is far more technologically advanced.
Consider that a handful of 21st century tanks could crush an army from the 11th century, or even the 19th century for that matter. Even a difference of a thousand years would be ample enough to ensure humanity’s defeat from even a minor alien expedition/hunting trip/bachelor party.
The entire U.S. military could have the same effectiveness against aliens as cavemen—or in this case cosplayers pretending to be cavemen at Comicon—would have against the U.S. military. Image: Daniel Zuchnick (Getty)
If aliens do exist, ultimately it may not matter if they are hostile or not. Our destruction at their hands would be about as inevitable as destruction from an extinction-level meteor impact. They could even be friendly, the combination of advanced, destructive technology and violent tendencies leading to intelligent life self-screening itself from interstellar travel. (That would be bad news for humanity.) The “UFOs” people are seeing could even be top secret U.S. government craft. The aliens could be us. In the end, maybe it doesn’t matter if the Pentagon has a plan to fight aliens after all.
Oxford University professor claims aliens are already breeding with humans on Earth
Oxford University professor claims aliens are already breeding with humans on earth
The Korean academic has written a book called Alien Visitations and the End of Humanity
By Jon Rogers
AN Oxford University professor has claimed aliens are already breeding with humans to create a new hybrid species that will save the planet.
Dr Young-hae Chi, an instructor in Korean at Oxford’s Oriental Institute, part of the prestigious university, thinks this new species will save Earth from annihilation from climate change.
Dr Young-hae Chi believes alien-human hybrids may already exist
Dr Chi first said the hybrids may already exist in a lecture in 2012 but has now written a book on the subject.
He believes there is a strong correlation between climate change and alienabductions, the Oxford Student newspaper has reported.
His book, written in Korean, is called Alien Visitations and the End of Humanity.
He says he has identified four types of aliens – small, tall and bold, scaly with snake eyes, and insect-like.
Dr Chi believes the insect aliens may be in charge and give orders to the other types.
The aliens exist in their own bio-system that humans cannot experience because our perception is limited by our organs, the professor has claimed.
As the aliens are said to be highly intelligent, so Dr Chi believes they could solve the problems on Earth in the future, such as climate change.
He said: “So, they come not for the sake of us, but for the sake of them, their survival, but their survival is actually our survival as well — the survival of the entire biosphere.”
Dr Chi said he was “still looking for more evidence to support my view”.
His initial lecture, Alien Abduction and the Environmental Crisis, outlined his theory.
He cited an “abduction researcher” in the US, who argued that aliens’ primary purpose is to colonise the planet by interbreeding with humans to produce a new hybrid species.
Dr Chi believes aliens appear on Earth when the planet is facing significant problems, such as climate change or nuclear war, and he concluded: “It may be more or less assumed that the hybrid project is a response to this impending demise of human civilisation.”
GETTY - CONTRIBUTOR
Dr Chi says there are four alien types with the ones that look like insects in charge
Dr Chi first expounded his ideas in a 2012 lecture
The academic says there is a strong link between climate change and alien abductions
He says he has identified four types of aliens – small, tall and bold, scaly with snake eyes, and insect-like.
Dr Chi believes the insect aliens may be in charge and give orders to the other types.
The aliens exist in their own bio-system that humans cannot experience because our perception is limited by our organs, the professor has claimed.
As the aliens are said to be highly intelligent, so Dr Chi believes they could solve the problems on Earth in the future, such as climate change.
In 2012, Dr Chi gave a lecture at the the Ammach Conference, titled ‘Alien Abduction and the Environmental Crisis’ in which he outlined his theory concerning the presence of aliens on earth. Dr Chi began his lecture with the statement that “perhaps human civilisation is coming to an end”.
In his fifty-five minute presentation he cited Dr David Jacobs, an ‘abduction researcher’ in the US, who argued that aliens’ primary purpose is to colonise the earth, by interbreeding with humans to produce a new hybrid species. Second generation ‘hybrids’ are, according to Jacobs, walking unobserved among us.
Dr Chi argued that “it is not only scientists and theologians, but also non-human species who appear to be greatly concerned about the survivability of the human species”. He pointed out that the timing of aliens’ appearance coincides with the earth facing major problems, climate change and nuclear weapons in particular. He concludes that “it may be more or less assumed that the hybrid project is a response to this impending demise of human civilisation”.
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Bringing Centuries of Bad Luck: 10 Unlucky Artifacts and Cursed Archaeological Sites
Bringing Centuries of Bad Luck: 10 Unlucky Artifacts and Cursed Archaeological Sites
Some unlucky artifacts and cursed sites: TheRing of Silvianus ( CC BY 2.0 ), Tutankhamun’s silver trumpet with wooden insert ( Meridianos), the Hope Diamond ( CC BY-SA 4.0 ), Stone ringfort, “Ring of Kerry” in Ireland (Francis Bijl/ CC BY 2.0 ), and r uins of an ancient synagogue at Chorazin. (Lev.Tsimbler/ CC BY SA 4.0 )
When an artifact or location is called ‘cursed’ it often refers to bad luck befalling whoever possesses the object or disrespects, or sometimes just visits, the site. Curses, jinxes, hexes, and black magic were a common element in the ancient world to punish or spread misfortune and many people believe that certain places and artifacts have been cursed by angered individuals looking to create havoc for mistreatment suffered in their lives.
Sometime during the 4th century AD, Silvianus, a Roman stationed in Gloucestershire, England, visited the elaborate baths of the Celtic God Nodens. Located on a hill above the River Severn at Lydney, the temple of Nodens celebrated the Roman-British deity that is associated with healing, hunting, dogs, and the sea.
When Silvianus was at the temple, his gold ring was stolen from him. Silvianus believed that it was Senicianus who stole it, thus he went to the temple and prepared a lead plate known as a defixio or ‘curse tablet’ . He inscribed the tablet in Latin and the text is translated: ‘For the god Nodens. Silvianus has lost a ring and has donated one half [its worth] to Nodens. Among those named Senicianus permit no good health until it is returned to the temple of Nodens.’
In 1929, archaeologist Sir Mortimer Wheeler saw a connection between the ring and the curse tablet. The connection cannot be entirely confirmed, however, Senicianus is an unusual name and the close dates of the artifacts seem to support Wheeler’s theory.
J.R.R. Tolkien was asked by his friend Wheeler to help clarify who the obscure god Nodens was and what role he might play in the history of the Ring. Many now believe that the Ring of Senicianus was the inspiration for the ring in The Hobbit.
When a collection of stunning Lydian artifacts were discovered in the Uşak Province in Turkey in 1966, archaeologists were amazed with the 363 ancient artifacts dating back to the 7th century BC. But the impressive Karun treasure, as it’s now known, caused many troubles and locals say the treasure is cursed and brings nothing but problems and death.
As time passed, people started to see more and more issues with the treasure and even when they were celebrating the discovery, people of the Uşak Province feared that the hoard was not necessarily a good thing. What is the curse supposedly connected to the famous treasure about? It’s all related to a “ gold fever” . Legends say that people get sick from the treasure and apparently cannot stop themselves from trying to get a piece of it for themselves.
Currently, the mysterious artifacts are exhibited in the Uşak Museum of Archaeology. During the years of the battle between the Turkish government and the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art (1987-1993), the Americans had to send back all the previously purchased artifacts. However, in May 2006 one of the artifacts was identified as a fake. A larger problem is that currently no one knows how many of the artifacts from the original collection were replaced with forgeries. Could the fake relics be explained by the Karun treasure curse?
Tutankhamun’s silver trumpet with wooden insert. ( Meridianos)
In 1922, the tomb of Tutankhamun was discovered in Egypt by an expedition led by the archaeologist Howard Carter. The discoveries made in uncovering the largely untouched tomb provided a wealth of knowledge about ancient Egypt, its burial practices, and its customs. Among the amazing items recovered was a set of wooden, silver, and bronze trumpets – a fascinating find, but possibly a cursed one too.
The sound of one of the trumpets was recorded in 1939 by BBC Radio so that people from all over the world heard the sound of this extraordinary and ancient instrument. A few months after the trumpet was played, World War II broke out, eventually leading to a legend that the trumpets had the magical power to summon war.
In fact, the earliest trumpets in Egypt appear to have been used for military purposes, to alert and possibly direct soldiers on the battlefield. Egyptian archaeologists, such as Zahi Hawass , do believe the trumpets have magical powers related to war. Egyptologist Hala Hassan, a supporter of the idea that the trumpets are cursed, also claims that one of the trumpets was played in 1967 and again in 1990 by anonymous students who were conducting a study on the Tutankhamun artifacts.
Furthermore, Hassan said that in 2011, a week before the revolution broke out, a staff member, again anonymous, at the museum had been photographing and documenting the artifact and he apparently played it. So far, these stories are anecdotal and do not provide conclusive evidence for the reality of the curse. But that hasn’t stopped the legend of King Tut’s cursed trumpets.
The Tereshchenko and Hope Diamonds, two rare, blue, and world famous diamonds. ( CC BY-SA 4.0 )
It is widely believed that the Hope Diamond is cursed, as bad luck has (supposedly) befallen a number of people who were connected to the diamond. A counter-claim also exists, which states that there is no evidence to support this popular belief, and that the curse was fabricated solely to arouse interest in the artifact.
According to one version of the origin story of the Hope Diamond, this diamond once adorned an idol in a Hindu temple in India. One day, the diamond was stolen by a Hindu priest, who was punished with a slow and agonizing death for his crime. Somehow, the diamond is said to have ended up in a mine by the Krishna River in southwest India.
Another version of the story has its first European owner, a French merchant by the name of Jean Baptiste Tavernier, as the sacrilegious thief. Additionally, it is claimed that Tavernier was struck by the ‘curse’, coming down with a raging fever shortly after stealing the diamond, dying, and his corpse being ravaged by wolves. However, this appears to be a legend – Tavernier is recorded to have lived until a ripe old age of 84, returned to France, sold the diamond to the French king , retired to Russia, and died peacefully many years later.
The ‘Unlucky Mummy’. ( Trustees of the British Museum/ CC BY NC SA 4.0 )
Strange occurrences have been said to eddy around an ancient Egyptian artifact known as the “Unlucky Mummy” since it was taken from Egypt to Europe in the 19th century. Some of these stories are certainly myth, but some were allegedly verified by a journalist named Bertram Fletcher Robinson in the early 20th century.
The history of this artifact (which is not actually the entire mummy, but rather the mummy’s case lid) was recounted in the August 1909 edition of Pearson’s Magazine. Robinson found it was discovered in Egypt by an Arab who sold it to a Mr. W at a party organized by a “well-known English lady of title.”
It is recorded that “On the return journey of the party, one of the members was shot accidentally in the arm by his servant, through a gun exploding without visible cause. The arm had to be amputated. Another died in poverty within a year. A third was shot. The owner of the mummy case found, on reaching Cairo, that he had lost a large part of his fortune, and died soon afterwards. When the case arrived in England, it was given by its owner, Mr. W., to a married sister living near London [BRFonline speculates that this may have been a woman by the name of Ms. Warwick Hunt]. At once, misfortune fell upon her household; large financial losses were suffered, bringing other troubles with them.”
But the story of the Unlucky Mummy doesn’t stop there. The artifact allegedly made its way aboard the Titanic and it has even been blamed in some legends for the tragedy. The story of the cursed mummy is interesting, but the Titanic part has been proven false. Apparently the Unlucky Mummy got connected to the ship because a journalist told a friend about anothermalignant mummy spirit and when he died on the ship, the friend got the story all tangled up. The mummy case never left the British Museum and certainly wasn’t on the Titanic.
Tomb of Casimir IV in the Wawel Cathedral, late Gothic masterpiece by Veit Stoss. ( Public Domain ) King Casimir IV Jagiellon. ( Public Domain )
Before the tomb King Kazimierz Jagiellończyk, known also as Casimir IV Jagiellon, was opened it was major news and all of the researchers in Krakow, Poland began to joke about a curse, which could take many of their lives. Unfortunately for them, the funny anecdotes became a prophecy.
During the examination of the rotten wood coffin and king’s remains a few researchers died, some due to infections and others because of strokes. After a few days, four of the group had passed away, but during the next few years, many others died of cancer or other diseases. In total, it is believed that no less than 15 people who worked at the tomb or in the laboratories died because of contact with the remains of King Casimir IV Jagiellon.
After years of speculations, researchers finally discovered the real reason for the death of more than 15 people connected with the research. There was no curse - the killer was the same as in the Egyptian tomb of King Tut – Aspergillus flavus, a saprophytic and a pathogenic fungus.
Nowadays, researchers are aware that people with lower resistance shouldn’t visit tombs that may have this fungus within. Scholars who join the campaigns which explore ancient tombsmust be healthy enough to not become victims of another ”curse”.
St. Anne’s Well, between Rainhill and Sutton St Helens, near Liverpool, UK. ( Jamie Quartermaine )
Legends speak of pilgrims bathing in St. Anne’s Well near Liverpool in England to cure their eye and skin diseases . The well was built to honor Saint Anne, the Virgin Mary’s mother, “who had a cult following in Britain during the late Medieval Period (1066-1485 AD).” Legends say that St. Anne had bathed in the well, providing the waters with healing powers.
Local folklore also states that the steward of a landowner neighboring the well named Hugh Darcy argued with the prior, Father Delwaney, about access to the well and land boundaries. Darcy apparently told Delwaney that the prior would likely not hold his important position much longer, before stomping back toward his master’s estate.
Soon thereafter the monks were apparently removed from the priory by the king’s men. On their way out they passed by the holy well where Father Delwaney saw Hugh Darcy (who seemed to be awaiting them and to have had an “understanding” with the commissioners taking the monks away). The prior was angered by Darcy’s appearance and possible role in the loss of the monastery and he said: “The curse of the serpent be on thee, thou spoiler of the Lord’s inheritance, thy ill-gotten gains shall not profit thee, and a year and a day shall not pass ere St. Anne thy head shall bruise.” Not long after placing this curse on Darcy, the prior fainted and died.
Darcy wasted no time in gaining access to the farmlands around the holy well and tearing down the building made for the pilgrims who visited it. Although things seemed to be going smoothly at first, Darcy “could not get rid of the strange foreboding of coming evil.” Three months later his son died of a mysterious illness and soon after he suffered heavy financial loss. The legend ends with Darcy disappearing after a night of drinking. His body was allegedly found beside the well where his head was crushed in – the prior’s curse had come true.
Stone ringfort, “Ring of Kerry” in Ireland. (Francis Bijl/ CC BY 2.0 )
Irish ringforts were ancient circular settlements which were surrounded and enclosed by one or more earthen or stone banks and ditches. As ringforts from the Iron Age fell out of use, their purpose was eventually forgotten and locals explained the strange, circular, built-up sites as the homes of fairies. It is believed that to disturb these sites is to provoke fairies. It is often said that leprechauns, notorious trickster fairies, keep their gold in the forts, which were mainly agricultural settlements or farmsteads, and not actually designed for warfare.
Tradition dictates that if you have a ringfort on your land, it is to be treated with respect, and not to be damaged, or you might suffer legendary fates , such as livestock dying, family members sickening, and relationships failing.
In recent history, the bankruptcy of a billionaire has been blamed upon the disturbance of ancient dwellings, when in 2011 Ireland’s richest man, developer Sean Quinn, suffered a catastrophic financial downfall after moving a megalithic burial tomb to make way for a quarry. These kinds of events keep the legendary curses of fairy forts and fairy rings alive.
Ruins of an ancient synagogue at Chorazin. (Lev.Tsimbler/ CC BY SA 4.0 )
Chorazin, Bethsaida, and Capernaum are the three and only cities mentioned in the Bible that Jesus allegedly cursed, according to the gospel of Matthew as well as the Gospel of Luke. Chorazin was a city in Galilee where Jesus lived after he left Nazareth.
According to the Bible, Chorazin would see Jesus’ miracles multiple times over at least three years. However, it seems that none of the miracles had any result in changing the lives of the inhabitants of Chorazin and this is the point where Jesus woes Chorazin for not repenting to his powers and changing their ‘ways’. He is said to have used his powers to condemn a whole city in the same way as the God of the Old Testament did numerous times.
Chorazin was actually a prominent ancient city, although during the third century AD the city became uninhabited and today its archaeological remains are identified with the place called Khirbet Kerazeh. However, no archaeological evidence has been found showing that the city existed in the first century AD, the time Jesus was alive.
Eusebius writes that around 330 AD the city was in ruins as a result of a devastating earthquake which was attributed to the punishment of God and the fulfilment of Jesus’ curse. But the dates just don’t coincide.
The sprawling grounds of Bhangarh Fort. Source: BigStockPhoto
The abandoned fort of Bhangarh is thought to be the most haunted place in India, so much so that the Archaeological Survey of India has forbidden access to the site between sunset and sunrise, and locals have moved their town outside the limits of the fort. The reputation of Bhangarh stems from two old legends, both related to curses.
The town of Bhangarh, which is located in the Rajgarh municipality in the state of Rajasthan, was first established in 1573 during the rule of Bhagwant Das as the residence of his second son. The fort, which is actually a small city composed of temples, palaces, and multiple gates, covers a large area of land at the foot of a mountain. But despite its beauty and the picturesque scenery, the fort was completely abandoned by 1783, with locals moving their village elsewhere.
According to legend, the city of Bhangarh was cursed by a holy man named Baba Balnath, who had given permission for the construction of the town so long as the height of the buildings did not cast shadow over his retreat. Balnath warned that if this were to occur, he would destroy the entire city. When a descendant prince raised the palace to a height that cast a shadow over Bhangarh’s abode, it is said that he cursed the whole town. Many believe that Balanath is buried there to this day.
A second legend is related to a wizard named Singhiya, who was in love with Ratnavati, the Princess of Bhangarh. According to this tale, Singhiya placed a spell upon a fragrance being purchased by the princess’ maid, so that upon touching it, the princess would fall in love with him. But Ratnavati saw what the wizard was doing and foiled his plan. Feeling bitter, the wizard was said to have placed a curse upon the city, and many believe his ghost haunts the ill-fated city. Some locals believe that princess Ratnavati reincarnated in a new body and that Bhangarh Fort is waiting for her return to put an end to the curse.
Professor Oxford: “Buitenaardse wezens zijn al op aarde en planten zich met ons voort zonder dat we het beseffen”
Professor Oxford: “Buitenaardse wezens zijn al op aarde en planten zich met ons voort zonder dat we het beseffen”
FOTO: SHUTTERSTOCK
Er zijn al buitenaardse wezens op aarde en ze planten zich met ons voort zonder dat we het beseffen. Het zijn de opmerkelijke woorden van Young-hae Chi, een professor aan de Universiteit van Oxford.
Young-hae Chi, professor Koreaans aan de faculteit Oriental Studies van de Universiteit van Oxford, heeft net een nieuw boek uit: Alien Visitations and the End of Humanity. Daarin doet hij enkele opmerkelijke beweringen over buitenaardse wezens en de toekomst van de aarde.
Volgens hem delen buitenaardse wezens onze biosfeer al met ons en zijn ze van plan de aarde te koloniseren, zo schrijft de gerenommeerde krant The Times. Hoe ze dat willen doen? Door te paren met mensen en zo een nieuwe hybride soort te creëren. Iets waar ze nu al mee bezig zijn, zo zegt Chi.
De professor zegt dat die hybriden al ongemerkt met ons samenleven, alleen kunnen wij hen niet als dusdanig zien omdat we beperkt zijn door de functionaliteit van onze organen.
Lees hieronder verder
Mohamed Al Harasani@mhjeddah
Aliens are here and breeding with us, says Oxford lecturer
Aliens are already here and breeding with us, says Oxford lecturer
Asking how aliens would combat climate change sounds like a fittingly left-field question for an Oxbridge admissions interview. It is one that sixth-formers will not have to tackle, however, as it...
In zijn boek heeft Chi het bovendien over vier verschillende soorten buitenaardse wezens: kleine, grote en krachtige, geschubde met slangenogen en insectachtige. Volgens hem is die laatste groep de baas en geven de leiders instructies aan de andere soorten.
Maar, wat komen die buitenaardse wezens hier dan zoeken? “Ze zijn van plan de aarde te koloniseren”, klinkt het. “Ze komen niet voor ons welzijn, maar voor hun eigen welzijn en hun eigen overlevingskansen. Maar als zij overleven, overleven wij ook. Dan overleeft onze volledige biosfeer.”
Want, zo zegt dr. Chi, de nieuwe hybride soort is zo intelligent dat ze de planeet zal redden van de vernietiging door de klimaatverandering. Alleen zullen de buitenaardse wezens zich enkel in hun ware gedaante laten zien als er een ernstige crisis is op aarde, zoals een nucleaire oorlog.
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Disclosure Event! Navy Prepares New Guidelines for Reporting UFO Sightings
Disclosure Event! Navy Prepares New Guidelines for Reporting UFO Sightings
For many years it was considered a career ender to report these unexplained encounters so many military personnel downplayed them but now the U.S. Navy is updating their reporting protocol for pilots and other witnesses who encounter UFOs.
Politico revealed the U.S. Navy is drafting new guidelines for pilots and other personnel to report encounters with unidentified aircraft which is a significant new step in creating a formal process to collect and analyze the unexplained sightings.
Right now, we have situation in which UFOs and UAPs are treated as anomalies to be ignored rather than anomalies to be explored, the Navy said in a statement in response to questions from Politico.
The Navy isn’t endorsing the idea that its sailors have encountered alien spacecraft. But it is acknowledging there have been enough strange aerial sightings by credible and highly trained military personnel that they need to be recorded in the official record and studied.
Guys I wanted to share this with you. Not only did I find an Egyptian style carving on a hill on Mars, but I actually found several. There are several other carvings near this great one and I added yellow color to the image to make them more visible, because the black and white image often makes details harder to notice. This really has me asking...are ancient Egyptians from mars? Did they then move to Egypt, because Egypt is very similar in appearance and weather to that of Mars. No other place on Earth looks as much like Mars. So if this is true, it totally explains why such amazing pyramids are built way out in the middle of nowhere. Its because it was the closest to home that they could come. Scott C. Waring
US Presidential Candidate Thinks UFOs Probably Exist
US Presidential Candidate Thinks UFOs Probably Exist
Democratic presidential candidate Andrew Yang has made exciting statements to the UFO community during a campaign trail interview. Mr Yang said he believes UFOs probably do exist and admitted to being very curious about the phenomenon.
Speaking to New Hampshire newspaper The Conway Daily Sun, Mr Yang said “I’m very curious about UFOs. I have a feeling they probably do exist.”
Mr Yang started to get the attention of the public after he bared a plan to give each over the age of 18 US citizen a universal basic income of $ 1,000 (£773) per month.
It would be given regardless of whether the recipient receives other welfare or is in employment.
Mr Yang came up with the plan to offset the impact of automation, which could result to large scale job losses.
The Conway Daily Sun has a tradition of asking prospective presidential nominees regarding UFOs. Current Democrat frontrunner Bernie Sanders was also asked on his views on UFO’s but refused to talk about it.
The paper is expected to ask the same to former vice-president Joe Biden this week.
During the Democratic presidential primaries in 2016, Mrs Clinton admitted to the paper she thought UFO’s exist.
Eminent astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli turned his telescope to the Red Planet in 1877 and believed he saw canals and continents. And humans have hunted for evidence of alien life on Mars ever since. Now a conspiracy theorist believes he has finally produced compelling proof found inNASAfootage from the Red Planet.
Life on Mars: A conspiracy theorist has interpreted a NASA video as showing evidence for aliens
(Image: Getty/ NASA)
Life on Mars: Some of the structures are in the shape of a capital E
(Image: NASA)
US space agency NASA have explained the bizarre structures have as pits formed by frozen carbon dioxide.
However, purported alien expert Waring discounts this description, writing: “I don’t believe that as we cannot believe everything they say.”
He added: “We all know that NASA cannot be trusted to tell us the truth.
“The structures do appear ancient, but are still in extraordinary condition and might be a good location for a future Mars base one day since the structures are already completed.
Life on Mars: Waring believes NASA cannot be trusted to tell us the truth
(Image: NASA)
Life on Mars: The mounds are really pits formed by frozen carbon dioxide
(Image: NASA)
However Waring goes further, outlining how others are shaped “like an eye, head, an arm and a part of body.”
The extraordinary claims posted to YouTube have attracted scores of comments online.
User God's Love wrote: “Very interesting Scott, looks to me like those things are on a dry sea/lake bed, looks like they may have been seed pods of some kind, notice that some are round while others are opened up or tried to.”
And Darin Dacey added: “They look like ‘matter’ populated toroidal fields. The epitome of the cosmos.”
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ISS SHOCK: How NASA Spacewalk live stream was INTERRUPTED by anomaly behind astronaut
ISS SHOCK: How NASA Spacewalk live stream was INTERRUPTED by anomaly behind astronaut
NASA’s International Space Station (ISS) live stream was interrupted during their Spacewalk mission when an anomaly appeared behind one of the astronauts.
On March 29, 2019,NASAastronauts Nick Hague and Christina Koch carried out Expedition 59 at the ISS alongside their Russian colleague Aleksey Ovchinin. The mission was supposed to be completed by Ms Koch and Anne McClain, which would have been the first all-female spacewalk. NASAcancelled that plan last minute though,due to a lack of spacesuits of the right sizes, replacing Ms McClain with Mr Hague, in a move that has sparked controversy.
However, it was not the last of the controversy surrounding the job.
As one of the astronauts carried out work on board the ISS, eagle-eyed viewers at home noticed something out of the ordinary.
Behind, an anomaly appeared to be floating in space, slowly rising up from the bottom of the screen to the top.
Eventually, the bizarre object disappears out of the shot of the camera, as the astronaut seems unaware.
The object appeared on the ISS live stream
(Image: YOUTUBE)
NASA was carrying out its spacewalk mission
(Image: GETTY)
The astronaut was making a repair at the time and no one at NASA seemed to notice the craft
ET Data Base
However, the moment was captured by one conspiracy theorist and uploaded to YouTube channel ET Data Base on April 19, where they claimed it could be a UFO.
The description on the video read: “I was watching a spacewalk when I noticed a UFO in the background.
“The astronaut was making a repair at the time and no one at NASA seemed to notice the craft.”
Comments soon flooded in agreeing some form of alien race may be monitoring activity at the ISS.
The ISS is a low-orbit satellite
(Image: GETTY)
The astronauts carried on their duties
(Image: GETTY)
However, some did have a more logical answer.
One comment read: “That could be the Moon and the camera angle and distance made it look as if it was an object with a faint resolution.”
Another added: “That could have been the Moon.”
The ISS is an artificial satellite in low Earth orbit, just 400km away from the Moon.
It is possible the Lunar surface was travelling in the opposite direction to the satellite, making it appear like a moving object.
NASA’s flight engineer Anne McClain and Canadian astronaut David Saint-Jacques carried out a six-hour excursion.
However, just hours before Ms McClain and Mr Saint-Jacques were scheduled to walk outside the ISS, something bizarre happened.
A small, white object appeared to make its way from Earth up into the night sky, travelling from left to right.
Then, just before it went out of shot, a second anomaly appeared from the top of the screen and headed back in the other way, before appearing to disappear altogether.
However, despite the strange sighting, NASA’s mission went ahead without any interference.
For the first time, ESA will cover a major international asteroid impact exercise live via social media, highlighting the the actions that might be taken by scientists, space agencies and civil protection organisations.
Every two years, asteroid experts from across the globe come together to simulate a fictional but plausible imminent asteroid impact on Earth. During the week-long scenario, participants – playing roles such as ‘national government’, ‘space agency’, ‘astronomer’ and ‘civil protection office’ – don't know how the situation will evolve from one day to the next, and must make plans based on the daily updates they are given.
For the first time, ESA will cover progress of the hypothetical impact scenario from 29 April to 3 May live via social media, primarily via the @esaoperations Twitter channel.
Planetary Defence Conference
The exercise is being produced by experts from NASA’s Planetary Defense Coordination Office working together with the US Federal Emergency Management Agency at the 2019 Planetary Defense Conference, Washington DC. The conference is the world’s most important gathering of asteroid experts, and is strongly supported by ESA, NASA and other agencies, organisations and scientific institutions.
ESA's Flyeye telescope is now being built in Italy
“The first step in protecting our planet is knowing what’s out there,” says Rüdiger Jehn, ESA’s Head of Planetary Defence.
“Only then, with enough warning, can we take the steps needed to prevent an asteroid strike altogether, or to minimise the damage it does on the ground.”
20 000 asteroid milestone
As of April 2019, 20 000 asteroids whose orbit brings them near Earth have been found. At the current rate of roughly 150 new discoveries every month, this number is set to rapidly increase.
With the planned deployments of ESA’s new Flyeye and Test-Bed Telescopes, Europe’s ability to discover, confirm and understand the ancient rocks that hurtle through space will grow – fundamental to implementing mitigation measures.
Follow asteroid impact exercise live
The @esaoperations Twitter channel will share updates on the asteroid impact exercise in realtime, including daily press releases revealing how the asteroid impact scenario will evolve, so followers will find out the ‘news’ as the experts do.
Estimated risk corridor for the impact of a hypothetical asteroid
What will they do? What would you do?
On ESA Facebook, join us for two live-stream videos straight from the Planetary Defense Conference. The first will be on Sunday, 28 April, at 14:00 CEST (08:00 EDT) with Rüdiger Jehn, ESA’s Head of Planetary Defence, and the second on Thursday, 2 May, at around mid-afternoon European time.
For daily updates on the asteroid impact scenario, check out “Rolling coverage: Brace for hypothetical asteroid impact”, beginning on the first day of the conference, Monday, 29 April, over on ESA's Rocket Science blog.
Asteroid 2019 PDC hypothetical impact scenario
The scene has been set for this year’s hypothetical impact scenario. Although realistic, it is completely fictional and does not describe an actual asteroid impact.
An asteroid was discovered on 26 March 2019 and was given the name '2019 PDC' by the Minor Planet Center.
Very little is known about this newly discovered asteroid’s physical properties. With a magnitude (brightness) of 21.1 – invisible to the naked eye but viewable by professional astronomers – it has been classed as a ‘Potentially Hazardous Asteroid’, and experts have determined its average size could be anywhere from 100-300 metres.
The day after 2019 PDC was discovered, ESA and NASA’s ‘impact monitoring systems’ identified several future dates when the asteroid could hit Earth. At this early stage, with not many observations yet recorded, both systems agreed that the asteroid was most likely to strike on 29 April 2027 – more than eight years away – with a probability of impact of about 1 in 50 000.
Astronomers continued to monitor the asteroid for a month after its initial detection, which provided them more information about the object’s trajectory, and have now discovered that the chance of impact is rapidly increasing. By 29 April 2019, (the first day of the Planetary Defence Conference), the probability of impact has risen to 1 in 100.
ESA coordinates European efforts
The 2019 Planetary Defence Conference will be the sixth such conference that the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) has held; and ESA has been closely involved with all of them.
ESA's planned Hera mission will test asteroid deflection techniques
During the hypothetical asteroid impact scenario, ESA experts will participate in discussions on the possible risks posed by asteroid 2019 PDC, and what responses could be considered.
“Fortunately, impacts from medium and large asteroids are not very common,” explains Detlef Koschny, senior asteroid expert at ESA who will be involved in the hypothetical scenario.”
“However, this means we have little opportunity to practise our response to this very real – though unlikely – danger. This year’s impact scenario is a very unique chance to run through, in real-time, an asteroid impact.”
Space Safety at ESA
Space Safety & Security at ESA
Solar activity, asteroids and artificial space debris all pose threats to our planet and our use of space.
ESA's Space Safety activities aim to safeguard society and the critical satellites on which we depend, identifying and mitigating threats from space through projects such as the Flyeye telescopes, the Lagrange space weather mission and the Hera asteroid mission.
As asteroid experts meet for the international Planetary Defense Conference, ESA is focusing on the threat we face from space rocks. How likely is an asteroid impact? What is ESA doing to mitigate impact risks? Follow the hashtag #PlanetaryDefense to find out more.
A recent uptick in sightings of unidentified flying objects – or as the military calls them, “unexplained aerial phenomena” – prompted the U.S. Navy to draft formal procedures for pilots to document encounters, a corrective measure that former officials say is long overdue.
“Since 2014, these intrusions have been happening on a regular basis,” Joseph Gradisher, spokesman for the deputy chief of naval operations for information warfare, told The Washington Post on Wednesday. Recently, unidentified aircraft entered military-designated airspace as often as multiple times per month. “We want to get to the bottom of this. We need to determine who’s doing it, where it’s coming from and what their intent is. We need to try to find ways to prevent it from happening again.”
Citing safety and security concerns, Gradisher vowed to “investigate each and every report.”
Luis Elizondo, a former senior intelligence officer, told The Post that the new Navy guidelines formalized the reporting process, facilitating data-driven analysis while removing the stigma from talking about UFOs, calling it “the single greatest decision the Navy has made in decades.”
Chris Mellon, a former deputy assistant secretary of defense for intelligence and a staffer on the Senate Intelligence Committee, was less laudatory.
“I don’t believe in safety through ignorance,” he said, scolding the intelligence community for its lack of “curiosity and courage” and “failure to react” to a strong pattern of sightings.
In some cases, pilots – many of whom are engineers and academy graduates – say they observed small spherical objects flying in formation. Others say they’ve seen white, Tic-Tac-shaped vehicles. Aside from drones, all engines rely on burning fuel to generate power, but these vehicles all had no air intake, no wind and no exhaust.
“It’s very mysterious, and they still seem to exceed our aircraft in speed,” he said, calling it a “truly radical technology.”
According to Mellon, awestruck and baffled pilots, concerned that reporting unidentified flying aircraft would adversely affect their careers, tended not to speak up. And when they did, he said there was little interest in investigating their reports.
“Imagine you see highly advanced vehicles, they appear on radar systems, they look bizarre, no one knows where they’re from. This happens on a recurring basis, and no one does anything,” said Mellon, who now works with UFODATA, a private organization. Because agencies don’t share this type of information, it’s difficult to know the full extent of activity. Still, he estimated that dozens of incidents were witnessed by naval officers in a single year, enough to force the service to address the issue.
“Pilots are upset, and they’re trying to help wake up a slumbering system,” he told The Post.
Lawmakers’ growing curiosity and concern also appeared to coax action out of the Navy.
In 2017, the Pentagon first confirmed the existence of the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program, a government operation launched in 2007 to collect and analyze “anomalous aerospace threats.” As The Post’s Joby Warrick reported, the investigation ranged from “advanced aircraft fielded by traditional U.S. adversaries to commercial drones to possible alien encounters.”
According to former Pentagon officials and documents previously seen by The Post, program funding, which totaled at least $22 million, was suspended in 2012.
Gradisher, the Navy spokesman, said that “in response to requests for information from congressional members and staff, officials have provided a series of briefings by senior Naval Intelligence officials as well as aviators who reported hazards to aviation safety.”
Elizondo, who also ran AATIP, said the newly drafted guidelines were a culmination of many things. Most notably: that the Navy had enough credible evidence – including eyewitness accounts and corroborating radar information – to “know this is occurring.”
“If I came to you and said, ‘There are these things that can fly over our country with impunity, defying the laws of physics, and within moments could deploy a nuclear device at will’ – that would be a matter of national security.”
With the number of U.S. military people in the Air Force and Navy who described the same observations, the noise level could not be ignored.
“This type of activity is very alarming,” Elizondo said, “and people are recognizing there are things in our aerospace that lie beyond our understanding.”
Wetenschappers staan voor raadsel: ons universum groeit sneller dan gedacht maar niemand weet waarom - HLN.be
Wetenschappers staan voor raadsel: ons universum groeit sneller dan gedacht maar niemand weet waarom - HLN.be
CNN/NASAEen beeld van de Grote Magelhaense Wolk, genomen door Hubble. De Grote Magelhaense Wolk is een naburig sterrenstelsel waar Hubble de pulserende sterren heeft bestudeerd.
WETENSCHAPOns universum breidt continu uit, dat is voor wetenschappers geen verrassing. Maar de snelheid waarmee dat gebeurt, is nog steeds voer voor onderzoek. Metingen door de Hubbletelescoop toonden enkele jaren geleden al aan dat het heelal zo’n 9% sneller groeit dan eerder voorspeld was op basis van metingen van de Plancksatelliet. Uit nieuw onderzoek blijkt nu dat wetenschappers eigenlijk niet kunnen verklaren vanwaar die tegenstrijdigheid komt in de metingen. Dat doet vermoeden dat er mogelijk een nieuwe theorie nodig is om de groeisnelheid van het heelal te begrijpen.
Wetenschappers proberen al lang te achterhalen hoe snel onze ruimte precies uitdijt. Om dat te berekenen heeft onderzoeker Adam Riess de NASA-ruimtetelescoop Hubble ingezet. Hubble heeft 70 pulserende sterren (cepheïden, nvdr.) bestudeerd in het naburige sterrenstelsel de Grote Magelhaense Wolk, dat zo’n 162.000 lichtjaren van ons stelsel verwijderd is. Cepheïden lichten op en dimmen aan een voorspelbaar ritme. Ze worden daarom gebruikt om de afstand te meten tussen verschillende sterrenstelsels.
Het team van Riess heeft de waarnemingen van Hubble samengelegd met die uit het Araucaria Project - een samenwerking tussen astronomen uit Chili, de VS en Europa - om zo het onderzoek te verfijnen. Daaruit zijn nieuwe berekeningen gekomen over de afstanden in onze ruimte en over de Hubbleconstante (dat is de mate waarin ons universum groeit, nvdr.).
Tegenstrijdigheid
Uit berekeningen op basis van Hubblemetingen is eerder al gebleken dat het universum ongeveer 9% sneller groeit dan gedacht. Maar wat de wetenschappers al jaren in de haren doet krabben is dat de berekening niet overeenkomt met die over de groei van het universum kort na de big bang. Met andere woorden: onze ruimte breidt sneller uit dan wat voorspeld was op basis van waarnemingen door de Planck-satelliet jaren geleden. Een grote tegenstrijdigheid, aldus de wetenschappers.
De voorbije jaren heeft het team van Adam Riess van de Amerikaanse Johns Hopkins-universiteit de berekeningen verfijnd om te achterhalen of die tegenstrijdigheid komt door een verschil in meettechnieken of door een foute berekening. Wetenschappers beschrijven nu in het gerenommeerde blad The Astrophysical Journal dat ze er zo goed als zeker van zijn dat het niet gaat om een fout of toeval. “Het verschil wordt steeds groter en we zijn nu op een punt gekomen dat we het niet meer kunnen opzijschuiven als toeval”, zegt Riess, die in 2011 de Nobelprijs in de fysica won omdat hij aantoonde dat de uitbreiding van het heelal versnelt.
Nieuwe theorie
“Dit is niet gewoon twee experimenten die het oneens zijn”, zegt Riess “We meten iets fundamenteel anders. De ene meting gaat over hoe snel de ruimte vandaag de dag groeit. De andere is een voorspelling gebaseerd op de fysica van het vroege universum en op metingen over hoe snel het zou moeten uitdijen. Als deze waarden niet overeenkomen, dan is de kans groot dat we iets missen in het kosmologische model dat die twee periodes (kort na de oerknal en nu) verbindt.”
Onderzoekers hebben verschillende ideeën over de snelle uitbreiding van de ruimte. Maar geen enkele daarvan kan op dit moment bewezen worden. Ze houden er ook rekening mee dat het gewoon (nog) niet kan verklaard worden met de huidige theorieën in de fysica. De wetenschappers zouden dus eigenlijk een nieuwe theorie moeten ‘bedenken’ om het te begrijpen.
Voorlopig werkt Riess met zijn team verder met Hubble om de berekeningen te verfijnen en de onzekerheid in de Hubbleconstante te verkleinen. Zo hopen ze ooit de reden van de tegenstrijdigheid te kunnen achterhalen.
Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteOSCaR is een nanosatelliet die uitgerust wordt met enkele sensoren en een grijparm.
WETENSCHAP Ontmoet OSCaR: een klein ruimtevaartuig van zo’n dertig centimeter lang en tien centimeter breed. OSCaR is een zogenaamde CubeSat of nanosatelliet, en hij moet het ruimteafval - goed voor zo’n 6 miljoen kilogram - verwijderen.
OSCaR (Obsolete Spacecraft Capture and Removal), genoemd naar het moppermonster in Sesamstraat dat in een vuilnisbak woont, wordt momenteel ontwikkeld door enkele onderzoekers aan het Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in New York. De kleine rechthoekige satelliet wordt uitgerust met sensoren en een lange grijparm. De sensoren detecteren ruimteafval waarna de grijparm het afval uit de ruimte moet verwijderen.
Idealiter gebeurt dat zonder weinig tot geen begeleiding vanaf de aarde. “We zeggen OSCaR wat hij moet doen, daarna is het een kwestie van vertrouwen”, aldus projectleider Kurt Anderson. Vergelijk OSCaR gerust met een automatische stofzuiger die het huis onder handen neemt als zijn eigenaars werken zijn.
Veel groter dan zo’n automatische stofzuiger zal OSCaR overigens niet zijn. Alleen moet de nanosatelliet, met een lengte van dertig centimeter, en breedte en diepte van 10 centimeter, heel wat meer werk verrichten dan een simpele stofzuiger. “Dat is de uitdaging: OSCaR moet eigenlijk evenveel kunnen als een grote satelliet.”
We zeggen OSCaR wat hij moet doen, daarna is het een kwestie van vertrouwen
Kurt Anderson, projectleider aan het Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Ruimteafval
Veel van de brokstukken in de ruimte, gaan grotendeels terug naar de ruimtewedloop van de Koude Oorlog. Toen brachten zowel de Verenigde Staten als de Sovjet-Unie de ene satelliet na de andere in een baan rond de aarde. Maar op die satellieten stond een houdbaarheidsdatum waardoor vele exemplaren inmiddels doelloos rond de aarde zweven.
De raketten die toen (en nu) gelanceerd werden, zorgen overigens ook voor heel wat ruimteafval. Zowel een bemande als onbemande ruimtevlucht heeft verschillende trappen nodig om een specifieke baan rond de aarde te bereiken. Die rakettrappen worden onderweg afgevuurd en blijven daarna rond de aarde cirkelen.
(Lees verder onder de foto)
ThinkStockIllustratiebeeld
Schade
Naar schatting zweven er inmiddels zo’n 129.000 miljoen stukken rondom de aarde. Daarvan zijn 34.000 stukken zo’n tien centimeter groot volgens cijfers van het Europese Ruimtevaartagentschap (ESA). En ongeveer 8.500 objecten bewegen met een snelheid van 28.200 kilometer per uur in een lage baan om de aarde (LEO). In diezelfde lage baan rond de aarde bevinden zich heel wat satellieten. Het spreekt voor zich dat zelfs een minuscuul stuk ruimteafval heel wat schade kan aanrichten als het met een snelheid van bijna 30.000 kilometer per uur tegen zo’n satelliet botst.
Zo nam de astronaut Tim Peak in 2016 een foto van een beschadigde ruit in het Internationaal Ruimtestation (ISS). De barst kwam er vermoedelijk nadat een klein stuk ruimteafval zoals een verfschilfer, de ruit raakte.
Een tweede nadeel van het ruimteafval: het valt uiteindelijk terug neer. En wanneer de brokstukken niet volledig opbranden in de atmosfeer van de aarde, storten ze met een hoge snelheid neer. De kans dat je zo’n brokstuk op je hoofd krijgt, is behoorlijk klein - de aarde bestaat immers voor 70 procent uit water - maar als het gebeurt, is de schade aanzienlijk groot.
Vele OSCaRs
OSCaR is trouwens niet alleen, ze zijn met veel. En maar goed ook, want elke nanosatelliet zal slechts vier brokstukken kunnen ruimen. Vervolgens zal het ruimtevaartuig binnen vijf jaar terug naar de aarde keren.
If they exist today, what exactly do sea serpents look like? If your description includes a long neck attached to a large bulky body, that doesn’t really sound like ‘serpent’ – does it? According to a new study, the portrayals of mythical creatures referred to as sea serpents changed during the 18th century as more of the creatures we call dinosaurs were discovered and the news about them spread, and this influenced what people thought they saw bashing boats, scaring swimmers and perhaps even floating around in a certain loch named Ness. Are long-necked sea monsters merely a figment of the imagination spawned by mass dinosaur hysteria?
“The problem is an interesting fusion of history and palaeontology which shows that statistics can be used to rigorously test all sorts of strange hypotheses, if the data is handled in the right way.”
Statistics fused with paleontology when Dr. Charles Paxton, a statistical ecologist at the University of St. Andrews, joined forces with Dr. Darren Naish, a palaeontologist at the University of Southampton, to use statistical analysis to study sea monster reports and compare them to the hypothesis proposed by science fiction writer L. Sprague De Camp that discoveries of Mesozoic reptiles like plesiosaurs and mosasaurs influenced sea monster sightings to change from serpents to long-necked dinosaur-like creatures. That matches the classic image of the Loch Ness monster for one, but how many reports resemble the no-neck mosasaur?
To test the theory, Paxton and Naish scanned newspapers, books and recorded testimonies from 1801 to 2015 and compiled a database of 1,543 non-hoax sea monster sightings. A plot of the events clearly shows a spike between 1930 and 1934 coinciding with the increase in Loch Ness sightings which culminated with the infamous “surgeon’s photo” hoax showing a creature resembling a plesiosaur. Drawings and accounts of other events look similar. What about mosasaur-like monsters?
“Over the last 200 years, there is indeed evidence of a decline in serpentiform sea serpent reports and an increase in the proportion of reports with necks but there is no evidence for an increase in the proportion of mosasaur-like reports. However, witnesses only began to unequivocally compare sea serpents to prehistoric reptiles in the late nineteenth century, some fifty years after the suggestion was first made by naturalists.”
The study, “Did Nineteenth Century Marine Vertebrate Fossil Discoveries Influence Sea Serpent Reports?”, published in the journal Earth Sciences History, concludes that numbers don’t lie, but witnesses might. The discoveries of the more esthetic and unusual long-necked plesiosaurs definitely influenced sea monster reports, but the more fishlike and less monsterish mosasaurs did not.
Scary … but sea monster worthy?
Will this conclusion inspire similar statistical studies of other monster and cryptid sightings? What would such an analysis of Bigfoot sightings point to? Mothman? How about aliens and flying saucers?
On the other hand, do you really want to let facts ruin your fantasies?
Certainly, the most macabre story ever told to me on one of mymany “Chupacabra treks”around Puerto Rico came from a woman who lived in Ponce, and whose story is one of the most controversial on record. Admittedly, more than a decade after I heard the tale, I still don’t know what to make of it all. Julia claimed to know a great deal about a certain “secret society” on the island that was at the heart of this controversy. There was a very good reason why Julia was so well-informed: her ex-husband was a member of the group. He was also a powerful figure on the island, specifically in the real-estate business. He had been invited into the group in 1999, which was around a year before Julia and he married. In fact, it was as a result of his connections to the group that led to their divorce, which was less than a year after they married. When Julia’s husband finally confided in her the details of his secret life, Julia was outraged – not just because he had kept his other life from her, but also because of what, exactly, he was involved in.
Julia’s husband told her that it was due to certain, supernatural pacts between the group and the paranormal denizens of realms beyond ours that he now had so much prestige, power and money. There was, however, a price to pay – as there always is when one does a deal with malignant, supernatural things from other dimensional planes. That price revolved around nothing less than human blood. Julia sat and listened – both horrified and terrified by what she was hearing – as her husband outlined what was going on. It was no coincidence, he said, that his life had massively altered for the better in 1999. It was all down to that invitation and his willingness to do whatever needed to be done to ensure wealth and influence.
Julia’s husband had been present at a particular ritual which was held at the spacious home of a Puerto Rican drug baron, who also put his “success” down to that same secret society. The story got even more controversial. Julia admitted that she couldn’t prove any of what she was telling me, but she claimed to have been told of three people on the island who had been paid – and paid very well – to provide the group with supplies of their very own blood, and to discuss it with no one. So the tale went, the people were taken to the location of the meeting, which was high in the hills of the El Yunque rainforest, and the blood was taken by a local doctor – who was also well paid for his actions and his silence.
The three – two women and one man – were one by one placed on an ornate, large altar, at which the blood was removed. Then, with the doctor and the three “donors” driven back to their respective homes (after being warned to never, ever discuss with anyone what had happened), the blood was used in a complex ritual to conjure up and manifest a Chupacabra. Julia claimed that her husband assured her that the ritual worked all too well: as the group of several dozen – all dressed in cloaks, no less – focused their minds on having the Chupacabra appear before them, which is exactly what is said to have happened.
It was a hellish situation: the lights in the house flickered and the room was filled with a nauseating odor of sulfur. In seconds, the air shimmered – like a heat haze on the road on a hot summer’s day – and the creature slowly came into being, staring at the group malevolently and hunched over. Even long-term members of the group were shocked to their collective core by what they were seeing. It was exactly what the group was counting on, but actually seeing the monster close up and personal was something else entirely. One and all were quietly told to remain as calm as possible, despite the fraught and fantastic nature of the events. There was one thing that none of the members of the group could avoid seeing: the Chupacabra was semi-transparent. It was far more spectral than it was physical. That is, however, until the monster placed its clawed paws into a large bowl, in which substantial amounts of blood had been poured.
Within seconds of the creature doing so, its transparency was no more and it was suddenly a completely physical entity. Julia’s husband was unable to explain the process – mainly because no one seemed to understand the full scope of what it was they were dealing with. He did, however, state that the magical nature of human blood – when ingested in large amounts – not only fed the Chupacabra but also gave it physical substance in our world, which was in marked difference to the ethereal form it had in its own realm. When the creature was apparently sated and fed, it vanished, in a bright blue flash that affected the eyes of one and all present for up to several minutes.
Julia listened further as she was told that several other such rituals had taken place in the 1990s – the first one of which, allegedly, had led to the beginning of the Chupacabra phenomenon in 1995. Julia sat back – appalled and frightened – by what she had heard, not knowing whether to believe it or not. It was, however, the undeniable fear in her husband’s eyes that finally convinced her he was telling the truth – a truth which revolved around how the Chupacabra needs to feast on our blood to maintain a foothold in our world. No wonder that Julia chose to leave her marriage behind her.
As I said, I truly don’t know what to make of the strange saga. Either it’s the literal truth or it’s complete bullshit. Of course, it scarcely needs saying that the latter is certainly the most likely scenario of the two. But, I have to admit that I still find it difficult to understand why Julia would have weaved such a complicated tale, if it was just a fabrication and nothing else. After all, it’s not like she was being paid to tell her story to a TV show. Nor was she looking to write about her experience. And she didn’t ask for money for sharing her story. It was just a tale told to me of “take it or leave it” proportions. That’s where it still remains to this day.
Earlier this week, SpaceX lost another spacecraft when a mysterious “anomaly” caused a SpaceX Crew Dragon capsule to explode on the launchpad. While many analysts have used the incident to question if Elon Musk’s boastful predictions about SpaceX’s manned spaceflight capabilities might be too good to be true, NASA calmly forged ahead by stating simply “this is why we test.” Can Musk and SpaceX get astronauts safely into space?
You’ve got to break a few rocket eggs to make a SpaceX omelette.
The April 20 static engine test took place at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. In the test, a Crew Dragon crew capsule suffered a massive malfunction, causing it to instantly explode just a few seconds into the test. The Dragon Crew capsule was thought to be ready for a July manned flight to the International Space Station, but that timeline is now likely to be modified. A grainy video alleged to show the incident has been circulating the web, but its veracity cannot be confirmed as SpaceX has refused to comment on it or even acknowledge that an explosion even happened.
Following the incident, NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine said that neither SpaceX nor NASA will be deterred from their mutual goal of getting the next generation of manned rockets off the ground:
NASA and SpaceX teams are assessing the anomaly that occurred today during a part of the Dragon Super Draco Static Fire Test at SpaceX Landing Zone 1 in Florida. This is why we test. We will learn, make the necessary adjustments and safely move forward with our Commercial Crew Program.
Spaceflight is a dangerous endeavor. To date, more than 20 astronauts have lost their as a result of spacecraft testing or spaceflight missions. NASA lost two seven-member space crews in the 1986 mid-launch explosion of the Space Shuttle Challenger and the atmospheric disintegration of Space Shuttle Columbia.
Debris from the break up of Space Shuttle Columbia.
Anyone who steps aboard a spaceship strapped to an enormous rocket does so with the knowledge that the largest part of them that investigators will find among the burnt, mangled wreckage will likely be a toe, and the soon-to-be crews of the SpaceX Dragon Crew are no different. Can Musk and SpaceX survive their first fatal accident? Will they even make it that far if these test “anomalies” continue?
Navy prepares new guidelines for reporting UFO sightings
Navy prepares new guidelines for reporting UFO sightings
For many years it was considered a career ender to report these unexplained encounters so many military personnel downplayed them but now the U.S. Navy is updating their reporting protocol for pilots and other witnesses who encounter UFOs.
Politico revealed that the U.S. Navy is drafting new guidelines for pilots and other personnel to report encounters with unidentified aircraft which is a significant new step in creating a formal process to collect and analyze the unexplained sightings.
Right now, we have situation in which UFOs and UAPs are treated as anomalies to be ignored rather than anomalies to be explored the Navy said in a statement in response to questions from Politico.
The Navy isn’t endorsing the idea that its sailors have encountered alien spacecraft. But it is acknowledging there have been enough strange aerial sightings by credible and highly trained military personnel that they need to be recorded in the official record and studied.
UFO Buzzes Past Couple Hiking In Bolivia During Day, April 19, 2019, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Buzzes Past Couple Hiking In Bolivia During Day, April 19, 2019, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: April 19, 2019
Location of sighting: Santa Cruz, Bolivia
News source: MUFON #99935
This UFO was captured by accident when some people went hiking and a few day later looked at the photos noticing a large metallic UFO in the sky. How can a person not notice such a thing? Actually its easy to over look such things unless you are deliberately trying to find one. People get caught up in the moment and only notice each other and what they are doing, never suspecting a UFO is flying over them in the background. Those people who never saw a UFO...its because they don't look at the sky more than a few minutes the whole week. People like me...we watch, we wait patiently, and we know sooner or later...it will happen.
Begin vorig jaar verschenen er talloze mainstream artikelen over een ufo die door Amerikaanse marinevliegtuigen was waargenomen.
Nu komt daar een vervolg op en wordt op Amerikaanse televisie openlijk gesproken over de mogelijke buitenaardse oorsprong van onbekende vliegende objecten.
Er ontstond vorig jaar veel opwinding en een jubelstemming onder ufo liefhebbers vanwege een stroom aan publiciteit over waarnemingen van Amerikaanse marinepiloten.
De beelden zijn honderd procent echt en ze zijn afkomstig van de Amerikaanse overheid.
Naar aanleiding van deze onthullingen is er veel over gesproken, ook door Amerikaanse politici in het Congres, en is er overleg geweest met de marine.
Het gevolg van dat alles is dat de Amerikaanse marine nu heeft aangekondigd dat ze nieuwe procedures zullen hanteren, waarbij piloten en ander personeel vreemde dingen kunnen rapporteren.
Dit gebeurde tot nu toe slechts incidenteel want piloten hielden veelal hun mond dicht omdat het melden van dit soort incidenten vaak niet echt bevorderlijk was voor hun carrière. Net zo goed als dit bij civiele piloten het geval is.
Hierna volgt een video van Tyler van Secureteam, in het Nederlands ondertiteld door Paul Harmans.
Paul zegt het volgende over de video:
De Amerikaanse Navy is niet zeker van wat er gaande is. De Navy bevestigde dat het bezig is met het opstellen van nieuwe richtlijnen voor het personeel voor het melden van ontmoetingen met ongeïdentificeerde luchtvaartuigen. Het doel is het de-stigmatiseren van de waarnemingen van ver ontwikkelde toestellen met zeer hoge snelheden die behoorlijk vaak zijn gezien bij het benaderen van Marineschepen en –bases en waarvoor geen verklaring bestaat.
Wat we zien is dat er een gestage opbouw plaatsvindt van zaken die ongetwijfeld tot Disclosure zullen leiden.
De Amerikaanse overheid die beelden vrijgeeft van onbekende vliegende objecten, de marine die nieuwe procedures opstelt voor het rapporteren van waarnemingen en programma’s op de mainstream televisie waar openlijk wordt gesproken over een mogelijke buitenaardse oorsprong van deze objecten.
Is het een aardse “Disclosure”, waar de mensheid wordt misleid met een (niet bestaande) bedreiging vanuit de ruimte en men in feite bezig is met het witwassen van de geheime ruimtevloot zoals wij eerder uitgebreid beschreven?
Of wordt het toch een echte Disclosure, waarvoor men nu bezig is om de bevolking stap voor stap voor te bereiden op het feit dat er wel degelijk buitenaards leven bestaat en dat ze heel regelmatig bij ons op bezoek komen?
Denise Stoner is a UFO researcher and author (see, for example, her 2013 book with Kathleen Marden,The Alien Abduction Files). Over the years, Denise has very generously allowed me to share some of her experiences of the UFO type. One, for me, really stands out when it comes to matters of a high-strangeness nature. With that said, I’ll turn things over to Denise and an experience she had just a few years ago: “I would be glad to describe the situation to you as it has remained clear as crystal in my mind. As for my Mom, she knows something happened but it has gotten foggy and she doesn’t know why, yet she recalls something happened that made her feel very uncomfortable. My Mom and I had gone to the mall on Christmas Eve for a couple of last minute stocking stuffer type gifts. We actually knew what we wanted so parked outside J.C. Penney’s on the side where those goods were. We went in and immediately noticed that in late afternoon, there were only a few shoppers. We picked out our gifts and got in line at the cashier in back of two other people. We could easily see the exit door and the sun in the parking lot, we were facing that way.
“The glass doors opened and two very tall, thin women entered. They had long almost waist length blond hair parted in the middle on top and it was thin in texture. Their skin was also pale and I did not notice any make up but each had huge piercing blue eyes. Their gait was odd like they were too tall (approximately 6’1) to walk smoothly. I was already an investigator for MUFON so was aware of oddities in people and had done background searches for the Federal Govt. so was trained to be observant.
“They were pushing one of those umbrella style strollers with no fancy attachments – just the hammock type bed, wheels, and handles. I noticed they had no purses or accessories such as a diaper bag to carry diapers or bottles, etc. The women moved slowly it seemed and drew my attention to the stroller. There was a baby blanket in the bottom portion and on top the head of a baby no bigger than a small grapefruit, pasty colored skin, no noticeable nose, a line for a mouth and huge dark eyes taking up most of the rest of this head.
“I wondered if the baby was deformed but knew this was not the case somehow. The baby appeared alert and was staring up at me. My Mom bumped me with her arm to get my attention and said “what is wrong with that baby.” I felt I needed to tell the person in front of me because we had been talking (with her) about being slow in finishing up our shopping. When I tapped her on the shoulder I then was shocked to see not only her but the lady in front of her and the cashier were kind of frozen in place. Everything seemed to be moving in extremely slow motion around us.
“The blond women seemed to pass the thought to me that I needed to take another good look at the baby and study it. Then as if a film was put back in to normal speed they walked past me and the cash register began to work, people – the only three in the area were moving again as if nothing happened. I told my Mom to hold our places and I ran after the women. Just next to us was the infants’ clothing department. The women had turned in to that isle. I followed and when I turned in to the isle – they disappeared. Just gone like they had never been there. I ran back the short distance to my Mom and told her they were gone. We checked out and my Mom kept saying “what was going on with that baby?” I told her no one goes shopping with a baby that tiny without taking needed supplies, bottles, diapers, clothes, etc.
“I remember asking her if she thought we had seen something alien such as a hybrid and she just shook her head as if there was no answer. We stepped out the door and that’s when the experience with the men took place.When we exited the mall my Mom had already stepped off the curb to locate my car, I was stopped by three men who were leaning on the brick wall by the door. Wearing black suits, black hats, white shirts, sun glasses. Short in stature. The only difference from your reports was the fact that one had a briefcase – black also. I don’t recall their mouths moving but it could be I was just nervous.
“One of them said, ‘You will not discuss what happened inside that store, do not talk about it to anyone, do you understand?’ I did not answer, stepped off the curb as I felt I was in danger and called after my Mom. Just after I stepped off the curb I turned back to discover these men were gone and there was nowhere for them to go other than in to the parking lot or further down the sidewalk as there was a brick wall where they had been and continued down the length of the building to the only door we had come out. We had been shown something in the store we both feel wasn’t normal and were talking about it as we left to see if we were imagining things when I met these men. Does this sound typical of these types? I am too old to be abducted and used for breeding and have had a hysterectomy so that could not have been the purpose – to show me a child of mine and I felt nothing like that was going on.”
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
Something Fundamentally Different: The Universe Is Expanding Faster Than Ever Thought
Something Fundamentally Different: The Universe Is Expanding Faster Than Ever Thought
The Universe is expanding faster than anyone ever figured according to new measurements from NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope. The math confirms that the Universe is expanding about 9% faster than expected based on its trajectory seen shortly after the big bang, astronomers say.
The new measurements, published April 25 in Astrophysical Journal, reduce the chances that the disparity is an accident from 1 in 3,000 to only 1 in 100,000 and suggest that new physics may be needed to better understand the cosmos.
This is a ground-based telescope’s view of the Large Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy of our Milky Way. The inset image, taken by the Hubble Space Telescope, reveals one of many star clusters scattered throughout the dwarf galaxy.
Credit: NASA, ESA, Adam Riess, and Palomar Digitized Sky Survey
“This mismatch has been growing and has now reached a point that is really impossible to dismiss as a fluke. This is not what we expected,” says Adam Riess, Bloomberg Distinguished Professor of Physics and Astronomy at The Johns Hopkins University, Nobel Laureate and the project’s leader.
In this study, Riess and his SH0ES (Supernovae, H0, for the Equation of State) Team analyzed light from 70 stars in our neighboring galaxy, the Large Magellanic Cloud, with a new method that allowed for capturing quick images of these stars. The stars, called Cepheid variables, brighten and dim at predictable rates that are used to measure nearby intergalactic distances.
The usual method for measuring the stars is incredibly time-consuming; the Hubble can only observe one star for every 90-minute orbit around Earth. Using their new method called DASH (Drift And Shift), the researchers using Hubble as a “point-and-shoot” camera to look at groups of Cepheids, thereby allowing the team to observe a dozen Cepheids in the same amount of time it would normally take to observe just one.
With this new data, Riess and the team were able to strengthen the foundation of the cosmic distance ladder, which is used to determine distances within the Universe, and calculate the Hubble constant, a value of how fast the cosmos expands over time.
This illustration shows the three basic steps astronomers use to calculate how fast the universe expands over time, a value called the Hubble constant. All the steps involve building a strong “cosmic distance ladder,” by starting with measuring accurate distances to nearby galaxies and then moving to galaxies farther and farther away. This “ladder” is a series of measurements of different kinds of astronomical objects with an intrinsic brightness that researchers can use to calculate distances.
Credit: NASA, ESA, and A. Feild (STScI)
The team combined their Hubble measurements with another set of observations, made by the Araucaria Project, a collaboration between astronomers from institutions in Chile, the U.S., and Europe. This group made distance measurements to the Large Magellanic Cloud by observing the dimming of light as one star passes in front of its partner in eclipsing binary-star systems.
The combined measurements helped the SH0ES team refine the Cepheids’ true brightness. With this more accurate result, the team could then “tighten the bolts” of the rest of the distance ladder that uses exploding stars called supernovae to extend deeper into space.
As the team’s measurements have become more precise, their calculation of the Hubble constant has remained at odds with the expected value derived from observations of the early universe’s expansion by the European Space Agency’s Planck satellite based on conditions Planck observed 380,000 years after the Big Bang.
“This is not just two experiments disagreeing,” Riess explained. “We are measuring something fundamentally different. One is a measurement of how fast the universe is expanding today, as we see it. The other is a prediction based on the physics of the early universe and on measurements of how fast it ought to be expanding. If these values don’t agree, there becomes a very strong likelihood that we’re missing something in the cosmological model that connects the two eras.”
While Riess doesn’t have an answer as to exactly why the discrepancy exists, he and the SH0ES team will continue to fine-tune the Hubble constant, with the goal of reducing the uncertainty to 1%. These most recent measurements brought the uncertainty in the rate of expansion down from 10% in 2001 to 5% in 2009 and now to 1.9% in the present study.
Other authors on this paper include Stefano Casertano of the Space Telescope Science Institute; Wenlong Yuan of The Johns Hopkins University; Lucas M. Macri of Texas A&M University, and; Dan Scolnic of Duke University. Adam Riess is also a senior member of the science staff at the Space Telescope Science Institute and an advisory board member for Space@Hopkins.
Funding for this research was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through programs GO-14648, 15146 from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by AURA, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555.
Scientists Claim Quantum Theory Proves Consciousness Moves To Another Universe At Death
Scientists Claim Quantum Theory Proves Consciousness Moves To Another Universe At Death
A book titled “Biocentrism: How Life and Consciousness Are the Keys to Understanding the Nature of the Universe“ has stirred up the Internet, because it contained a notion that life does not end when the body dies, and it can last forever. The author of this publication, scientist Dr. Robert Lanza who was voted the 3rd most important scientist alive by the NY Times, has no doubts that this is possible.
Beyond time and space
Lanza is an expert in regenerative medicine and scientific director of Advanced Cell Technology Company. Before he has been known for his extensive research which dealt with stem cells, he was also famous for several successful experiments on cloning endangered animal species.
But not so long ago, the scientist became involved with physics, quantum mechanics and astrophysics. This explosive mixture has given birth to the new theory of biocentrism, which the professor has been preaching ever since. Biocentrism teaches that life and consciousness are fundamental to the universe. It is consciousness that creates the material universe, not the other way around.
Lanza points to the structure of the universe itself, and that the laws, forces, and constants of the universe appear to be fine-tuned for life, implying intelligence existed prior to matter. He also claims that space and time are not objects or things, but rather tools of our animal understanding. Lanza says that we carry space and time around with us “like turtles with shells.” meaning that when the shell comes off (space and time), we still exist.
The theory implies that death of consciousness simply does not exist. It only exists as a thought because people identify themselves with their body. They believe that the body is going to perish, sooner or later, thinking their consciousness will disappear too. If the body generates consciousness, then consciousness dies when the body dies. But if the body receives consciousness in the same way that a cable box receives satellite signals, then of course consciousness does not end at the death of the physical vehicle. In fact, consciousness exists outside of constraints of time and space. It is able to be anywhere: in the human body and outside of it. In other words, it is non-local in the same sense that quantum objects are non-local.
Lanza also believes that multiple universes can exist simultaneously. In one universe, the body can be dead. And in another it continues to exist, absorbing consciousness which migrated into this universe. This means that a dead person while traveling through the same tunnel ends up not in hell or in heaven, but in a similar world he or she once inhabited, but this time alive. And so on, infinitely. It’s almost like a cosmic Russian doll afterlife effect.
Multiple worlds
This hope-instilling, but extremely controversial theory by Lanza has many unwitting supporters, not just mere mortals who want to live forever, but also some well-known scientists. These are the physicists and astrophysicists who tend to agree with existence of parallel worlds and who suggest the possibility of multiple universes. Multiverse (multi-universe) is a so-called scientific concept, which they defend. They believe that no physical laws exist which would prohibit the existence of parallel worlds.
The first one was a science fiction writer H.G. Wells who proclaimed in 1895 in his story “The Door in the Wall”. And after 62 years, this idea was developed by Dr. Hugh Everett in his graduate thesis at the Princeton University. It basically posits that at any given moment the universe divides into countless similar instances. And the next moment, these “newborn” universes split in a similar fashion. In some of these worlds you may be present: reading this article in one universe, or watching TV in another.
The triggering factor for these multiplyingworlds is our actions, explained Everett. If we make some choices, instantly one universe splits into two with different versions of outcomes.
In the 1980s, Andrei Linde, scientist from the Lebedev’s Institute of physics, developed the theory of multiple universes. He is now a professor at Stanford University. Linde explained: Space consists of many inflating spheres, which give rise to similar spheres, and those, in turn, produce spheres in even greater numbers, and so on to infinity. In the universe, they are spaced apart. They are not aware of each other’s existence. But they represent parts of the same physical universe.
The fact that our universe is not alone is supported by data received from the Planck space telescope. Using the data, scientists have created the most accurate map of the microwave background, the so-called cosmic relic background radiation, which has remained since the inception of our universe. They also found that the universe has a lot of dark recesses represented by some holes and extensive gaps.
Giant Cube Shooting From The Sun With Trail Behind It, In NASA SOHO Image, April 2019, UFO Sighting News.
Giant Cube Shooting From The Sun With Trail Behind It, In NASA SOHO Image, April 2019, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: April 21, 2019 Location of sighting: Earths sun Source: SOHO images I found a cube that had exited our sun during a solar explosion in NASA SOHO images today. The cube is unique in that its not a perfect cube, but has one corner cut off of it. Also the cube ship has a energy trail behind it, maybe from the engines about to go to light speed or maybe from bursts of energy shot out from the engines. It can't be a coincidence that there was a solar explosion the very minute that this ship was seen coming from the sun. One youtube subscriber asked me today why I only show gaps of time and not the full live video of it exiting? I said thats a good question, I can only show what NASA gives to the public. NASA never releases full video of solar activity, but prefers to only release glimpses...still shots...taken every few minutes. That sad for us, because we will never be able to see a UFO moving around or passing bye our sun. We will only get these still images put into a gif form.
Auroras are some of the most dazzling light showsin the world but for the aerospace industry, they can be a real nuisance that could cost billions in damages. According to recent research, northern and southern lights cause satellites to slow down, which brings them closer to Earth. And if the satellites don’t have any more fuel left to boost them back to their intended orbits, they will eventually fall into Earth’s atmosphere.
For decades, scientists have been aware that when the sun’s activity is high, orbiting satellites tend to slow down. Auroras are caused by charged particles like electrons that interact with molecules from a planet’s atmosphere or magnetosphere. Scientists suspected that the charged particles also loft pockets of air high enough for satellites to interact with them. The drag caused by the air molecules would then slow the satellites, pulling them closer to Earth. Now, a recent mission has confirmed that this theory is probably true.
In 2015, scientists launched the Rocket Experiment for Neutral Upwelling 2 (RENU2) straight into the northern lights in order to understand how solar activity alters the atmosphere. The mission focused on Poleward Moving Auroral Forms (PMAFs), a type of fainter auroras which appear as dancing clouds on dark nights in high latitudes. The reason why PMAFs are o particular interest in this kind of research is that they form higher in the atmosphere and are less energetic than the more common and spectacular auroras. PMAFs dance at about 150 to 250 miles above the surface while most auroras typically form at an altitude of only 60 miles.
Researchers at the University of New Hampshire who led the project found that although PMAFs are weaker than most forms of auroras, their energy was still high enough to heat air pockets, causing them to drift upwards. As an analogy, the researchers likened the phenomenon to bubbles rising in a lava lamp. The study also found that the PMAF’s activity isn’t uniform but rather acts in narrow wisps that collectively affect areas larger than ten miles across. PMAFs also ebb and flow, changing their structure within minutes.
In the future, this kind of information will help engineers design safer satellites that can remain operational in orbit for longer.
Illustration showing the moment when the Hayabusa2 space probe makes a crater on the asteroid Ryugu.
Credit: Akihiro Ikeshita.
The Japanese space agency (JAXA) denoted an explosive device on the surface of the Ryugu asteroid earlier this month. Now, Japanese scientists have confirmed that the blast created a crater with a diameter of 10 meters — the first artificial crater on an asteroid.
“Creating an artificial crater with an impactor and observing it in detail afterwards is a world-first attempt,” Yuichi Tsuda, Hayabusa2 project manager, said in a statement. “This is a big success.”
The crater was created by the Hayabusa 2 spacecraft which fired an explosives-carrying projectile from 500 meters above the asteroid’s surface. The goal was to discharge material from under the asteroid’s surface in order to probe its chemical composition. The idea is that this fresh material could shed light on the formation of the early solar system. The asteroid is believed to be made up of organic compounds and water from 4.6 billion year ago.
Footage taken by a camera detached from the space probe Hayabusa2 showing rocks on the asteroid Ryugu flying up three seconds after an impactor struck the surface.
Credit: JAXA, Kobe University.
Earlier this year, the probe fired a bullet into the surface of Ryugu in order to blast dust off the surface. But as the asteroid is constantly bombarded by solar rays which can alter its properties, samples need to be taken from beneath the surface — hence the need for a crater-creating explosion. This time around, the Japanese mission made quite the mess, generating a ten-meter-wide crater. Initially, scientists predicted that the crater would be 3 meters in diameter if the surface is rocky and 10 meters in diameter if it is sandy.
“We can see such a big hole a lot more clearly than expected,” said Masahiko Arakawa, a Kobe University professor involved in the project. “The surface is filled with boulders but yet we created a crater this big. This could mean there’s a scientific mechanism we don’t know or something special about Ryugu’s materials.”
The $270-million-mission is scheduled to return to Earth with samples taken from the asteroid in 2020. The samples will help scientists answer fundamental questions about the formation of the solar system. They might also inform the space mining industry with regard to the economic potential for similar asteroids
At next week’s 2019 Planetary Defense Conference, NASA, ESA, and the International Asteroid Warning Network will stage a “tabletop exercise” of an asteroid flying towards Earth.
Asteroid Lutetia seen by Rosetta spacecraft. Image credits European Space Agency / Flickr.
Media outlets are always abuzz when an asteroid ‘near-misses’ our planet, and it’s easy to see why — there’s just something very exciting about a narrowly evading extinction. However, space agencies and governments around the world take the risk of impact with a near-Earth object (NEO) quite seriously. Given the potential for widespread panic such a scenario poses, any preparations are generally carried out discreetly, out of the public’s view.
The NEO threat
In the spirit of better communication, however, NASA’s Planetary Defense Coordination Office (PDCO), the European Space Agency’s Space Situational Awareness-NEO Segment and the International Asteroid Warning Network (IAWN) want to make the hazards posed by NEOs clearer for us laymen. Towards that end, they will organize — along with other U.S. agencies and space science institutions around the world — a “tabletop exercise” that will play out a fictional-but-realistic scenario for an asteroid on an impact trajectory with Earth at the conference, NASA announced.
The Manicouagan impact crater in Quebec, Canada, is one of many reminders that asteroids have impacted Earth. Although large impacts are rare, it's important to be prepared. That's why NASA, other U.S. agencies and international partners gather periodically to simulate impact scenarios and discuss the best course of action for disaster mitigation.
Credit: International Space Station
NEOs are bodies such as asteroids or comets that come within 30 million miles (50 million kilometers) of Earth’s orbit. NASA and its international partners have been monitoring NEOs for over two decades now, keeping an eye out for any that might be gunning for Earth. However, preparations for such an impact have very rarely involved the public at large. The proposed exercise aims to address this shortcoming.
A tabletop exercise is basically a simulated emergency, used to accustom participants to the possible outcomes of such a disaster and help them see what needs to be done to mount a successful response. NASA plans to have attendees at the conference play out a NEO impact scenario developed by the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory’s Center for NEO Studies (CNEOS).
This type of exercise was specifically identified as part of the National Near-Earth Object Preparedness Strategy and Action Plan developed over a two-year period and published by the White House in June 2018. They’re not tightly scripted, aiming to let people ‘run wild’ and observe their response in conditions that mirror real life. This can then help us predict how NEO observers, space agency officials, emergency managers, decision-makers, and citizens might respond to an actual impact prediction.
Next week’s exercise events will occur over the five days of the conference. The scenario begins with the premise that on March 26th, a potentially-hazardous NEO dubbed 2019 PDC is discovered. After a ‘few months’ of tracking, observers predict that it has a 1% chance of impacting the earth in 2027. A 1% impact chance has been decided upon by the international space community as the threshold for action.
Exercise leaders will be briefing participants on the status of the scenario at the end of each day and soliciting response ideas and feedback, based on the latest fictional data. They will be asked to discuss potential preparations for reconnaissance and deflection missions, as well as plans to mitigate the effects of a potential impact.
“These exercises have really helped us in the planetary defense community to understand what our colleagues on the disaster management side need to know,” said Lindley Johnson, NASA’s Planetary Defense Officer. “This exercise will help us develop more effective communications with each other and with our governments.”
NASA has participated in six NEO impact exercises so far: three at Planetary Defense Conferences (2013, 2015, 2017) and three jointly with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The three NASA-FEMA exercises included representatives of several other federal agencies, including the Departments of Defense and State. Each exercise builds on lessons learned in the previous exercise. These exercises have shown that emergency management officials aren’t focused on the scientific details regarding the asteroid, but on more practical concerns.
“What emergency managers want to know is when, where and how an asteroid would impact, and the type and extent of damage that could occur,” said Leviticus Lewis of the Response Operations Division for FEMA.
However, NASA is a bit concerned with this approach. It’s those ‘scientific details’ that determine the outcome of an impact. So, while they’re working on developing new methods to determine asteroid characteristics, they also want to engage the public in these tabletop exercises to raise awareness of the hazards posed by NEOs.
“NASA and FEMA will continue to conduct periodic exercises with a continually widening community of U.S. government agencies and international partners,” said Johnson. “They are a great way for us to learn how to work together and meet each other’s needs and the objectives laid out in the White House National NEO Preparedness Action Plan.”
Amerikaanse marine gaat UFO-meldingen eindelijk serieus nemen (en analyseren). Dit is de aanleiding
Amerikaanse marine gaat UFO-meldingen eindelijk serieus nemen (en analyseren). Dit is de aanleiding
Piloten kunnen binnenkort officieel en formeel UFO’s melden in de Verenigde Staten. De Amerikaanse marine stelt momenteel nieuwe richtlijnen op en is van plan onverklaarbare waarnemingen te gaan analyseren, om ze te destigmatiseren.
De Amerikaanse autoriteiten hebben hiertoe besloten nadat in de afgelopen jaren een aantal onbekende, zeer geavanceerde luchtvaartuigen vlak bij militaire installaties zijn waargenomen.
De marine zegt niet dat medewerkers per definitie een buitenaards ruimteschip hebben gezien, maar erkent hiermee wel dat er geregeld vreemde dingen in de lucht worden gezien door getrainde militairen, die bestudeerd moeten worden.
Genegeerd
Chris Mellon, een voormalige functionaris van het Pentagon, sprak van ‘een ommekeer’.
“Op dit moment worden UFO’s behandeld als onregelmatigheden die genegeerd in plaats van bestudeerd moeten worden,” zei hij.
“We hebben systemen die deze informatie simpelweg dumpen,” vervolgde hij.
Incident
Hij merkte op dat militairen vaak niet weten wat ze met de informatie moeten doen. De gegevens worden gedumpt omdat het geen traditionele vliegtuigen of raketten betreft, aldus Mellon.
Eind 2017 kwam naar buiten dat het Pentagon in het geheim onderzoek deed naar UFO’s.
Er werd onder meer gekeken naar een incident in 2004, waarbij een UFO straaljagers te snel af was. Het onbekende object leek de natuurwetten te tarten.
Niets
De man die het onderzoek leidde, Luis Elizondo, laakt de manier waarop de overheid hiermee omspringt.
“Als je je op een druk vliegveld bevindt en iets ziet wat je niet hoort te zien, dan zou je iets moeten zeggen,” zei hij.
“Bij het leger is het precies andersom: als je iets ziet wordt er van je verwacht dat je niets zegt,” vervolgde hij.
Most stories about UFOs and cattle generally end badly for the cows – death, missing body parts, etc. A cattle rancher in Bolivia says three of his animals have been killed and the rest are alive but terrified – and so is he – after over 20 UFOs paid visits to his ranch and performed aerial operations he feared would be dangerous to his animals. Is he dealing with drone-using cattle rustlers, deadly pranksters, burger-loving space aliens … or something else?
“Around one in the morning, when we were going to sleep, a UFO appeared behind the truck. My cowboy said, Mr. Freddy is the “drone”, as he lit the way like the beacon of a car, I thought it was the people who controlled the alleged drones, but when we saw it was something else, I took the shotgun and gave it to my clerk and told him to shoot it. After the firing the UFO turned away, when I turned around the truck, the object reappeared illuminating all of us.”
Rancher Freddy Rodriguez said in a video interview (Google translated) with a reporter from Notivision that his ranch near Ascensión de Guarayos in the Department of Santa Cruz has been bothered by these UFOs for at least six months. (Watch the video here.) He claims the orbs have dropped down low over his cattle – close enough to illuminate them in the darkness. The video shows the bright UFOs appearing singly and in groups, but it’s not clear if they were observed by the reporter. However, Freddie’s ranch hands claim they’ve seen them as well. They can be seen in the video repairing fences which Rodriguez claims were damaged when the terrified animals ran from the UFOs. While they weren’t mutilated, three of his cattle died from injuries due to the stampeding.
“It is invasion of aliens we do not have to communicate with them because it is dangerous, they come to take the resources not renewable, very careful, I do not say it I said the scientist Steve Hawken a week before he died, 2019 they will come to earth and not we have to communicate with them because they can come to enslave us as the Spaniards did in Latin America.”
Rodriguez agrees with the commenters on the sites uploading the videos that these lights are something other than drones. He says he’s observed them flying over his ranch and cattle from dusk until dawn, descending to the ground, hovering directly over the cattle, ascending and maneuvering around all night long – all the while with their bright lights on. No commercial drones have that kind of long-lasting batteries. There there’s the issue of the UFOs that moved away when his cowboys aimed their guns. If these were drones, they would have to be equipped with night vision and be under the control of multiple human operators. Who has that kind of time and patience … especially considering this has been going on for six months?
Local officials say they’ve never seen objects like these hovering, illuminating and then flying away in various directions.
While it’s easy to say these are drones, their behavior suggests otherwise. If commercial drones are becoming this sophisticated and powerful, Freddie Rodriguez, cattle ranchers around the world and the rest of us too are in for some serious problems. And we all know that greedy humans are far more dangerous than space aliens … so far.
“After the firing the UFO turned away, when I turned around the truck, the object reappeared illuminating all of us.”
If they’re not drones … what is terrifying and terrorizing Freddie Rodriguez and his cows?
A series of documents related to an FBI raid involving Bob Lazar, an alleged former employee at the famous Area 51, appear to confirm events which transpired during the filming of a recent documentary about the controversial scientist.
Since the 1990s, Lazar has claimed to have once been employed at a high-security facility at Groom Lake, Nevada, where he observed UFO technologies being developed by the United States. However, past attempts at confirming Lazar’s claims offer little insight about his past employment and education, apart from casting many of his claims in a critical light.
A recent documentary, Bob Lazar: Area 51 and Flying Saucers, directed by filmmaker Jeremy Corbell, tells Lazar’s story of alleged government work with flying saucers. While the documentary was being made, Lazar alleged that an FBI raid occurred on his business, United Nuclear Scientific, which some have previously argued could not be proven.
However, new documents reveal that the raid did indeed occur, as Lazar claimed, in addition to shedding light on the reason for the FBI’s interest in Lazar and his business.
Bob Lazar gained notoriety for claims that he worked for the United States Government on projects aimed at back engineering flying saucers.
Timothy McMillan, a Savannah-based civil rights investigator and former law enforcement officer, obtained the documents through a recent Freedom of Information Act Request, which he later posted at his blog.
Speaking with McMillan recently, he explained that he was interested in seeing if records were available which lent support to claims made by Lazar in Corbell’s documentary.
“In the film, Jeremy depicted an FBI raid that occurred at Lazar’s business, United Nuclear Scientific. In the film it was depicted as a fairly large scale operation, a coordinated effort.
“And it seemed odd,” McMillan adds, “given the timing that for the first time in thirty years, Bob Lazar had sort of reemerged into the public limelight, or was about to with Jeremy’s film.”
“I know Jeremy [Corbell], who I’ve spoken to several times, received a lot of flack from people who felt like that raid was made up… and Jeremy admittedly wasn’t there when that happened, he heard about it from Bob.”
“I realized that very likely there was going to be some documentation from the local police department there in Laingsburg, Michigan. Coming from a police background… I was involved in a lot of different incidents with the federal government, just out of necessity for logistics, or oftentimes familiarity for reliability reasons, once the local police department [became] involved.”
McMillan decided to look for an Agency Assist Report about the raid, which may have been on file with the Laingsburg Police Department. “It’s a report that says an outside authority came in and asked for your assistance.”
“So I fired off a Freedom of Information Act Request to the Lansburg Police Department,” McMillan says. Amazingly, he says they responded to his request within just three business hours.
“At the federal level you can wait months and years,” McMillan said. “There’s a lot more requests, it’s a larger entity. On the local level, sometimes I wait minutes.”
“The document does confirm the portrayal of an FBI raid at Bob Lazar’s business, United Nuclear Scientific, being a large-scale coordinated effort with two-dozen or more law enforcement agents on site,” McMillan says.
The documents also indicate that the actual reason for the raid, according to McMillan, had to do with the search for an illegal chemical substance, pertaining to an unrelated investigation that involved a homicide where the victim was believed to have been poisoned. Federal authorities also had obtained a warrant to search Lazar’s business, although the documents state that Lazar willfully allowed them to enter for their search.
During an appearance on Larry King’s program (seen in the video below), Bob Lazar, accompanied by director Jeremy Corbell, speculated about the reasons for the FBI raid earlier this year:
McMillan, who posted the documents about the raid on his website, redacted the names of those associated with the unrelated homicide investigation.
“Last thing I want to do is see people be harassed,” McMillan said, also noting that nothing in the documents seemed to indicate there was suspicion of Lazar’s involvement with any crime.“There’s no evidence that Bob Lazar is, was or at any point was involved in any criminal activity.”
Tim McMillan offers additional details on the incident, which include the files he obtained through FOIA requests at his blog, Chasing the Coyote’s Tail.
So while the documents show that the FBI raid did, in fact, occur, we now can confirm that it appears to have had nothing to do Lazar’s ongoing claims about having once worked at the secretive Area 51. While this new information stops short of providing any vindication for Bob Lazar’s more controversial past statements, it will no doubt add to the mystique that Lazar has already maintained now for decades.
The U.S. Navy is Releasing New Guidelines for Reporting UFOs
The Navy isn’t endorsing the idea that its sailors have encountered alien spacecraft — but it also does not want to dismiss strange aerial sightings by credible military personnel.
Stan Honda/AFP/Getty Images
The U.S. Navy is Releasing New Guidelines for Reporting UFOs
Many recent developments concerning the U.S. Navy suggest that there may be more than meets the eye with much of the Navy’s aerospace and weapons research. In February 2019, Navy hired third-party contractors to destroy all evidence of its top secret laser weapon research, possibly suggesting that they’ve reached a usable design. Just this week, a U.S. Navy patent surfaced online which appears to show an advanced triangular aircraft capable of altering “the fabric of our reality”in order to achieve extreme speeds and maneuverability.
Could the patent lend legitimacy to the many sightings of similar aircraft over the years?
Now, the U.S. Navy is drafting a new set of protocols for pilots and other personnel who witness “unidentified aircraft.” Does this have anything to do with the many recent revelations concerning the American Armed Forces and what they may know about anomalous aerial phenomena?
It sure appears so. The new Navy guidelines for documenting UFOs were reported first by POLITICO, who received the following response from Navy spokespersons when asked about the veracity of the new guidelines:
There have been a number of reports of unauthorized and/or unidentified aircraft entering various military-controlled ranges and designated airspace in recent years. For safety and security concerns, the Navy and the [U.S. Air Force] takes these reports very seriously and investigates each and every report. As part of this effort, the Navy is updating and formalizing the process by which reports of any such suspected incursions can be made to the cognizant authorities. A new message to the fleet that will detail the steps for reporting is in draft.
Why would the Navy need to formalize new guidelines for reporting unidentified aircraft unless such occurrences were fairly frequent? Could these types of sightings be more common than has been reported in the past?
An incredibly fast and agile “Tic Tac” shaped UFO reportedly stalked the USS Nimitz for two weeks in 2004, easily outrunning the F-18s sent to intercept it.
It seems that way, although it also seems that since many of these sightings don’t fall within the traditional categories or protocols used to report aircraft, a high number are thrown out or buried out of confusion or the fear of reporting incorrect information. Chris Mellon, a former Pentagon intelligence official and former member of the Senate Intelligence Committee, confirms that many sightings of unidentified aerial phenomena are swept under the rug by service members who don’t know how to go about reporting such anomalies:
Right now, we have situation in which UFOs and UAPs are treated as anomalies to be ignored rather than anomalies to be explored. We have systems that exclude that information and dump it. In a lot of cases [military personnel] don’t know what to do with that information — like satellite data or a radar that sees something going Mach 3. They will dump [the data] because that is not a traditional aircraft or missile.
These new standardized guidelines could be a boon for UFO and UAP researchers – that is, if the subsequent reports are ever allowed to see the light of day. Due to the sensitive nature of these types of incidents, it’s likely that many or even all of them will remain classified for years to prevent adversaries from gaining intelligence about the Navy’s detection and tracking capabilities.
USS Nimitz
I’ve wondered for a while now if the recent high-profile “disclosures” of military encounters with UFOs aren’t merely a smokescreen designed to mask the truth about anomalous aerial phenomena: that U.S. air power isn’t as superior as it once was. Could there be whole new types of aircraft in the skies we don’t know about? Or could these so-called disclosures be a way for the U.S. military to flaunt new capabilities publicly without being too overt about it?
Given that even former U.S. Senator Harry Reid argues that America, China, and Russia are now caught in a “UFO Race,” it’s likely that these new guidelines are geared towards widespread intelligence collection on the state of global aerospace capabilities. If some of the recent alleged disclosures are true, then it appears someone is operating aircraft that can outrun anything the U.S. Air Force possesses. The real question is: who is behind the controls?
You’ve got to wonder what aliens think of our primitive space programs. I bet it’s somewhere close to what humans think of dogs wearing sunglasses: “how cute, he thinks he’s people.” Well, maybe that’s not giving us enough credit. It’s probably more like if we discovered a bunch of yellow labs running a little dog factory that made sunglasses. We would need to investigate. Perhaps that’s what’s shown in this footage,recently uncoveredfrom a live stream of the Chinese spacecrafts Tiangong-1 and Shenzhou-8 docking in 2011. Bemused interest and fear that something is getting out of hand.
Although the video comes from a 2011 mission, it was uploaded to YouTube on April 13, 2019 by a user named willease and was picked up and circulated by popular UFO channel The Hidden Underbelly. You can watch the footage here. The video is part of a live feed from a mission that had the Shenzhou-8 docking with the Tiangong-1. The clip is from the end of the stream and shows the Shenzhou-8 detaching from Tiangong-1. As the craft floats away, a bright white light can be seen flying past the Shenzhou-8 towards the camera. It then appears to turn around, off camera, and fly back towards the ship. The camera then cuts away immediately to a different angle.
We’re up there floating around in ugly metal boxes, while the aliens are rolling around the universe in a non-euclidean ball of condensed probability.
There’s a lot of videos of mysterious things on live feeds from space where the camera cuts away immediately after. You would think by now that the powers-that-be would just let the camera keep rolling, as it’s the quick cut that makes it suspicious in the first place. Of course, you can’t let your citizens know that there are aliens up there making fun of your spaceships.
The mysterious white light in the video is definitely curious. It seems to start flying towards the spaceship from very far away, and very fast. It also seems to flicker. It’s hard to say if that’s because it is in fact flickering or if it’s flying faster than the camera can pick up. It doesn’t seem like anything on the camera itself, as it definitely looks like it flies under left panel of the Shenzhou-8. The Hidden Underbelly thinks this is unquestionable proof that there are UFOs watching what we’re doing up in space, they say:
“After watching the full video it was very obvious that The Tiangong-1 and Shenzhou 8 mission was being monitored by some unknowns.”
There’s a lot of space up there, but there’s also a lot of space trash.
Well, let’s not jump to conclusions here. After all, there’s a bunch of junk up in space. There’s essentially a cloud of space trash and ice that’s encircling our planet. Whatever this object is, it’s pretty small and could easily be a piece of ice, or an errant piece of shiny metal space trash. But that doesn’t mean that it’s not suspicious. Could it be that the camera cut away so fast because the live feed almost showed the Shenzhou-8 getting ripped apart by space junk? After all, we can’t give the aliens even more cause to laugh at us.
It was late August 1962: Marilyn Monroe had died under controversial circumstances just a few weeks earlier. And, U.S. Intelligence had begun to suspect that the Soviets were secretly transferring nuclear weapons to Cuba – something which, two months later, brought the world to the brink of nuclear war. For a young girl named Anne Leamon, though, life went on as it always had. Just sixteen at the time of her encounter, Anne lived on a farm run by her family in the English county of Somerset. It was a picturesque area: Anne’s bedroom backed right onto the green and inviting Brendon Hills, which, today, are a part of the huge Exmoor National Park. Anne would soon find herself in a strange situation, which revolved around the U.K. military and unidentified aerial phenomena.
As the declassified U.K. Royal Air Force documents on Anne’s UFO encounter reveal, she woke up late one evening – for no particular reason she could fathom – and looked straight out of one of the windows. She was confronted by the sight of a circular-shaped light hovering over the hills. It was also changing color: from red to green and then to yellow. Strange rays of light emanated from the light. Anne looked on, utterly transfixed. Quite naturally, Anne’s first assumption was that it had to be a star; although she had never seen a star like this before. It became very apparent the object was no star when it suddenly began to move. She considered that it might have been a helicopter, but that theory was dismissed as a result of the overwhelming silence.
Suddenly, the object came towards Anne and, in her own words, she felt “attracted” to it. Almost mesmerized by its flickering lights and rapidly changing colors. It then reversed, moved sideways, and then headed back to the hills. It was as if the display was meant for Anne herself – which was likely the case. For around an hour, the light kept its position above the hilly countryside, finally shooting away and vanishing. This was not the end of things, however. There was far more to come. Anne had an eerie feeling that the light would return to her the following night. It did: but this time, it was well into the early morning hours. Yet again, it glided across the Brendon Hills, stopping outsider her bedroom window. She admitted to becoming “quite friendly” with the light, which she felt was not in any way dangerous, even though she was mystified by its origin and intent. Anne took a very proactive approach and made drawings of the object, even tracking its movements via a compass. And the light came again and again – always well into the early hours of the morning and always approaching Anne’s bedroom.
Puzzled but intrigued by her stranger in the night, Anne decided to do something that would ultimately lead to a secret file being opened on her – one which was classified for thirty years. She telephoned a military facility to report what she had seen: Royal Marines Base Chivenor, as it is known today. To this day, the facility remains a vital component of the British Government’s defense network. As interesting as the late night light displays were for Anne, she hardly expected that a senior official in the military would visit her home and interview her at length. After all, it wasn’t as if she was reporting the landing of a UFO, or talking about a face-to-face encounter with bug-eyed aliens. But, that’s exactly what happened: Anne was visited and she became the subject of a large file and the attention of a covert arm of the military. It’s a file now in the public domain at the National Archives.
It was late one evening when there was a knock at the front-door. Anne’s mother opened it and was confronted by a man dressed in a black suit – and who had arrived in a black car. He identified himself as a Sergeant J.W. Scott of the Provost and Security Services. Had Anne and her family a good knowledge of the UFO subject at the time, they would surely have believed they were in the presence of one of the dreaded MIB. In a sense, that’s what he was. Notably, such was Sergeant Scott’s determination to see the mysterious light, he visited the Leamon home on at least three occasions; sitting patiently and near-silently in Anne’s bedroom with her and keeping a careful look-out for the object.
It was on the third occasion that Sergeant Scott finally saw the UFO – for that is surely what it was: an unidentified light-form in the skies above. Notably, Anne stated that Sergeant Scott quickly grabbed the camera he had brought with him, leaned through the window, and took several photos. The mysterious object was now captured – at least, on film. Anne noted that Scott seemed to deliberately try and play down the matter and did his utmost to avoid sensationalizing what Anne thought was a very exciting development in the matter. For Anne, though, it was practically impossible for her not to be excited: after all, a member of a covert arm of the U.K.’s military was standing in her bedroom, firing off photo after photo of an aerial visitor of the very weird variety.
When the object vanished from view, Sergeant Scott got ready to leave; his air of calmness still completely intact: he wasn’t giving away anything. But, he did take something with him: Anne’s drawings and compass notes. Despite promising to return them, Scott never did. He vanished into the night – with all of the available data and documentation – never to be seen again. Before vanishing, though, Scott did suggest to Anne that it would not be a good idea to share the story of her experiences with her school-friends – or, indeed, with anyone else at all, including the media.
Anne was mystified by the whole thing. Even more so when, several weeks later, she got a response from the Air Ministry saying that she had seen nothing stranger than a star. Does it really require an operative of the Provost and Security Services – the “007’s” of the Royal Air Force – to spend so much time and effort looking into the movements of a star? One would imagine they had far better things to do with their time, particularly given the fraught, ongoing situation with the Russians and Fidel Castro’s regime on Cuba. It must be said that one of the things which attracted Anne to the object was its movement: it shot around the sky, even coming close to her bedroom window on several occasions. Stars, I probably don’t need to tell you, certainly do not act in such a fashion. Nor do planets. And, nor do aircraft or helicopters, either.
We can learn a great deal from this undeniably weird series of events. A young girl has close encounters in the dead of night and in her bedroom. She is soon visited by a Man in Black who visits her on three evenings, catches the object on film, grabs her drawings, and leaves her home with a “friendly warning” not to talk about what she had seen. All of this for a star? Not a chance.
Rex, I live near Fresno California. There’s Many UFOS flying around here. I used to see them on a daily basis, but now it’s not so predominate. I have many videos of craft flying at tremendous speeds.
Area 51, Edwards AFB, China Peak proving grounds, Lemoore Naval Air Station are all fairly close from me. I have many stories I could tell you of various types of accounts that I have observed. Michael Dillon
UFO
/ˌyo͞o ˌef ˈō/
noun
plural noun: UFOs
a mysterious object seen in the sky for which, it is claimed, no orthodox scientific explanation can be found.
*NASA WARNING* | NASA Warns Giant Asteroid May Hit Earth in December 2019
*NASA WARNING* | NASA Warns Giant Asteroid May Hit Earth in December 2019
NASA has predicted 31 potential dates between 2019 and 2101, on which the asteroid threatens to hit the Earth. The closest impact date, which also happens to be the most likely date of cataclysm, falls on December 28, 2019.
A GIANT asteroid measuring more than 4,100ft in diameter risks striking the Earth on December 28, 2019, if it suddenly veers off-course, NASA’s asteroid trackers have warned.
The asteroid, dubbed Asteroid 2010 GD37, is next most likely to crash into Earth on December 21, 2093. The asteroid also threatens to hit Earth in December 2022, December 2024 and December 2027.
NASA’s terrifying predictions are based on 19 observations made between April 5, 2010, and April 9, 2010.During this brief period of analysis, the US space agency calculated the asteroid’s diameter and mass as well as its barreling speed.
According to NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Asteroid GD37 measures roughly 4,137ft (1.261km) across.The asteroid also weighs in at an incredible 2.7 trillion kg or 2,700,000,000,000kg.
NASA asteroid warning: NASA’s orbital trajectory diagram (Image: NASA)
Because of this, NASA believes the asteroid packs a devastating impact force of 260,000 Megatons (Mt).Just one megaton is the equivalent of 1,000 Kilotons (Kt) or 1,000,000kg of TNT, meaning GD37 could hit Earth with the force of 260,000,000,000kg of TNT.
NASA-If an asteroid is indeed going to come very near the Earth then a collision cannot be ruled out early on.
For comparison, the nuclear bomb dropped on Hiroshima in 1945, had a blast force between 13Kt to 18Kt or 13,000 to 18,000 tonnes of TNT.And at the point of atmospheric entry, Asteroid GD37 would likely hit the Earth at a velocity of 64,088.225mph(28.65km per second).
But what exactly is the risk of Asteroid GD37 striking Earth this year or on any of NASA’s other 30 risk dates?
Thankfully, the danger is minimal and will likely remain so unless some force pushes the asteroid out of its orbit and into Earth’s path.
On December 28, 2019, there is an impact probability of 0.000000070 percent.This means there is a one in 1,400,000,000 odds of cataclysm or a 99.99999993 percent chance the asteroid will miss.
A devastating crash is even less likely to happen on the next most likely impact date in 2093.
Asteroids like GD37 are tracked by NASA’s Sentry systems, which keep a watchful eye on all cataclysmic asteroids threatening Earth.
The US space agency said: “Sentry is a highly automated collision monitoring system that continually scans the most current asteroid catalogue for possibilities of future impact with Earth over the next 100 years.
“Whenever a potential impact is detected it will be analysed and the results immediately published here, except in unusual cases where we seek independent confirmation.”
NASA asteroid warning: NASA’s potential impact calculations are truly terrifying
(Image: NASA)
“The impact probability will tend to grow as the orbit is refined and alternative and safer trajectories are eliminated.
“Eventually, the impact probability will drop, usually quite abruptly, to zero or, if the asteroid is really on a collision trajectory, it will continue to grow until it reaches 100 percent.”
As new observations and orbital calculations are made, NASA often removes objects from its list of threats.
And the good news is NASA currently knows of no object, which directly threatens the safety of the planet in the foreseeable future.
NASA said: “If an asteroid is indeed going to come very near the Earth then a collision cannot be ruled out early on.
According to astronomer Lynn Carter of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington DC, it is hard to say exactly how many space rocks pelt the Earth but there are some indicators.
Astronomers estimate the average number of meteors and asteroids which hit Earth by calculating how many hit a certain area over the course of one day.
Dr Carter said: “Another way to tell how many meteorites hit Earth each year is to look at the number of meteorites found in dry regions where there isn’t much vegetation or erosion, where you expect to be able to find most of the meteorites that fell.
“We can get an estimate of how long ago the meteorite fell to Earth by looking at how it’s been weathered, or altered by Earth’s atmosphere and the local climate.
“Then we can plot how many meteorites fell at that region per year.”
On average, studies suggest between 18,000 and 84,000 meteorites bigger than 10 grams reach the Earth each year.
New Questions About Ufo Sightings Answered and Why You Must Read Every Word of This Report
New Questions About Ufo Sightings Answered and Why You Must Read Every Word of This Report
Things You Should Know About Ufo Sightings
UFOs aren’t so hampered. There isn’t a great deal of in between when it has to do with UFOs. Throughout that time period, there were two triangle UFOs sighted in the very same location.
The sighting itself, in spite of the corroborative sightings, is not difficult to dismiss by itself. UFO sightings are now able to easily be captured on video, while it’s through a telephone or video camera. On weekdays it appears that UFO sightings are driven by men and women that are routinely outside daily, rain or shine.
According to them, there wasn’t any sighting. The sighting remains unexplained, merely one of many in and about the Quaker State. The sighting came amid several similar sightings in the region in the preceding weeks. Almost thirty individual sightings would be reported as a consequence of the serious-minded appeal to the general public. One perhaps can only imagine how a lot more sightings may be on record in the event the Internet was available for witnesses to log and talk about their encounters. What follows is a mere range of what’s a huge quantity of strange aerial sightings over the uk at the conclusion of the 1970s.
Ufo Sightings Can Be Fun for Everyone
Tony Dodd, among the UK’s leading UFO researchers and investigators at the moment, would be among the first to analyze the incident. The helicopter would circle the area many times, letting the witness to snap several pictures from various angles. While pilots reporting UFOs is nothing new, there now seems to be a feeling of urgency to produce such reports known on the section of the respective witnesses. A number of other pilots have witnessed that same specific thing. Besides that truth, it may even be possible to blind a UFO pilot.
Introducing Ufo Sightings
Some, however, would examine the incident and realize the unfortunate pair as a convenient if temporary scapegoat. Then explain someone who died in the incident has a fortune in a financial institution and should you help them get the amount from the bank you will find a lot of money. Incidentally, it’s claimed the incident would end in the recovery of a downed disk. A lot of people, including Leverger himself, pondered in the event the incident was some sort of atmospheric incident or possibly a meteor. The strange incidents continued for a number of weeks. Two more incidents occurred in the wee hours of 8th July. Investigation would indicate that the rash wasn’t an answer to something like poison ivy or an allergic reaction.
With no fear whatsoever, the witness would step from his vehicle to receive a better look. He would begin to experience severe problems with his eyes. The witnesses weren’t clear in the event the craft had sped away or in the event the lights had simply gone out. There are also a number of witnesses. Additional a lot of other witnesses would back-up the 2 officers’ sighting.
The History of Ufo Sightings Refuted
The footage is a bit shaky on account of the simple fact the witness had to use full-zoom to concentrate on the craft. The footage below, however, is extremely much worth watching, if simply to provide a feel for what people around the world, but in particular the usa, claim they’re seeing increasingly in the skies above them. What earns the video footage even more credible is there is footage taken by different folks in various areas of town.
Scientists Merge Machines With Living Things.. Biomaterials aka Living Machines Becomes A Reality
Scientists Merge Machines With Living Things.. Biomaterials aka Living Machines Becomes A Reality
Scientists have created simple machines made of biomaterials with the properties of living things. These so-called “living machines” have the properties of living things despite being human-engineered machines.
As a genetic material, DNA is responsible for all known life. But DNA is also a polymer. Tapping into the unique nature of the molecule, Cornell engineers have created simple machines constructed of biomaterials with properties of living things.
“We are introducing a brand-new, lifelike material concept powered by its very own artificial metabolism.We are not making something that’s alive, but we are creating materials that are much more lifelike than have ever been seen before,” said Dan Luo, professor of biological and environmental engineering in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences.
Using DASH, the Cornell engineers created a biomaterial that can autonomously emerge from its nanoscale building blocks and arrange itself – first into polymers and eventually mesoscale shapes, reports news.cornell.edu.
RT America’s Trinity Chavez reports on the breakthrough.
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5 Strange Phenomena Science Can't Explain
5 Strange Phenomena Science Can't Explain
The unknown doesn’t tend to stay unknown. After all, there are quite a few very smart people out there, constantly endeavoring to document and understand our world and its mysteries. Often, they’re the ones to turn to when something seems inexplicable. We rely on experts for answers, but sometimes, they’re as baffled as we are when strange phenomena are encountered. Whether they’re objects or events, such phenomena remain puzzling until they’re identified and understood, if they ever are.
When visiting my mom in Mt. Shasta on 4/17/19, I was out late looking to take a night-time picture of Mt. Shasta.
As I was taking pictures of the mountain, I called my son who was in our vehicle parked nearby waiting for me, and asked him if it was my imagination or was that star just above Mt. Shasta moving?
He wasn't sure but anyway, when I got home to my mom's and uploaded the pictures, I noticed that one picture with that "star" that I thought was moving earlier, was hovering over the mountain and just below and to the right as you look at the picture, there was a grey cigar shaped object and something on the side of it reaching up toward that "star".
That picture was taken at 10:30 PM with a 20-second shutter speed. The very next picture, a minute later at 10:31, the "star" had taken off from the mountain and left a light trail; and also the object on the mountain was no longer there.
My son and I were curious to see if we could get pictures of it the next night on 4/18/19 and around the same time, we were able to get even more shots that have baffled us of this "star" or whatever it is because of the strange lights and trails that we captured around it. Mufon case 99821.
I found some really amazing structures in the southern part of Mars. The structures appear to be above the ground tunnel like...almost as if a dome was stretched out. One of the structures is in the shape of a capital E. This must be a structure in the shape of alien writing. The word might have a religious or cultural meaning. NASA tries to explain the formations as carbon dioxide freezing and creating these structures, but we all know that NASA cannot be trusted to tell us the truth. The structures do appear ancient, but are still in extraordinary condition and might be a good location for a future Mars base one day since the structures are already completed. Scott C. Waring
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GREAT CATCH! Daytime UFO video – Palm Springs, California 24-Apr-2019
GREAT CATCH!Daytime UFO video – Palm Springs, California24-Apr-2019
This really interesting footage of a bright disc-shaped UFO was filmed over Palms Springs, CA on 24th April 2019.
Witness report:
I saw bright disc shaped object and pulled out my phone and filmed for a minute or so. I was driving in the Palm Springs area around 12:30pm and caught something out of the corner of my eye. I decided to turn around to see I could get a better look at a disc shaped object. I pulled over on side of the road and took a quick video with my phone.
Bright UFO caught on tape over Holtwood, Pennsylvania 21-Apr-2019
Bright UFO caught on tape over Holtwood, Pennsylvania 21-Apr-2019
This bright unidentified flying object was caught on tape over Holtwood, Pennsylvania on 21st April 2019.
Witness report:
Glowing orb that ascended very quickly, changed direction and shape from a glowing pulsating orb, to a dark grey reflective triangle. My boyfriend and I were having a small bonfire and were sitting facing south toward the river and noticed a strange fast moving red/orange orb coming up the horizon behind the trees, we got out our cell phone and recorded this orb and as it flew overhead. It pulsated a red, orange glow. it changed direction from south to west and seemed to change shape as it flew into the clouds. It also seemed to turn off its lights and then it was a dark grey black triangle that reflected the clouds and was semi-transparent. We recorded this, but its hard to see where it flew into the clouds.
US Government Insider Reveals Pentagon Has A Warehouse For Mysterious Metal Possibly From Crashed UFOs
US Government Insider Reveals Pentagon Has A Warehouse For Mysterious Metal Possibly From Crashed UFOs
A former military intelligence official has made a shocking claim regarding mysterious materials possibly from crashed alien spacecraft. Luis Elizondo said the American government has stored “metamaterials” perhaps from extraterrestrial spaceships in a specially modified warehouse in Las Vegas. Elizondo, who was a former head of the secret Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP) of the US Defense Intelligence Agency claimed that aerospace billionaire Robert Bigelow run the warehouse, which is under armed guard and secured with concrete and barbed wire.
Luis Elizondo explained that the “metamaterials” are composites which don’t occur naturally. He said that we don’t have the technical capacity to reproduce such materials with precision.
Elizondo headed the American government investigation into UFOs that shut down in 2012. The Pentagon had spent multi-million dollars for the UFO investigation. The secret project amassed information on other aircraft which seemed to move extremely fast without having any visible form of propulsion.
Elizondo said that other craft appeared to hover without rotor blades. A video of an encounter between an oval-shaped object without exhaust, wings or tail and an F/A-18 Super Hornet fighter jet was later released to illustrate such sightings investigated by the AATIP. Most of the investigations were contracted out to Bigelow Aerospace, whose founder once told in a TV interview that he believes aliens are real and that UFOs have visited Earth.
WATER, WATER EVERYWHERE Water molecules in the moon’s vicinity suggest that a thin layer of water is buried in the moon’s soil. In this image taken from the International Space Station, the blue glow is from Earth’s atmosphere.
NASA
Meteor showers bring moon geysers. A lunar orbiter spotted extra water around the moon when the moon passed through streams of cosmic dust that can cause meteor showers on Earth.
The water was probably released from lunar soil by tiny meteorite impacts, planetary scientist Mehdi Benna of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., and colleagues report April 15 in in Nature Geoscience. Those random impacts suggest water is buried all over the moon, rather than isolated in freezing dark craters — and that the moon has been wet for billions of years.
Samples of lunar soil brought back by the Apollo astronauts suggested that the moon is bone dry. But in the last decade or so, several remote missions have found water deposits on the moon, including signs of frozen surface water in regions of permanent shadow near the poles (SN: 10/24/09, p. 10).
“We knew there was water in the soil,” Benna says. What scientists didn’t know was how widespread that water was, or how long it had been there.
Benna and colleagues used observations from NASA’s LADEE spacecraft, which collected data from lunar orbit from November 2013 to April 2014 (SN Online: 4/18/14). LADEE’s spectrometers detected dozens of sharp increases in the abundance of water molecules in the moon’s exosphere, the tenuous atmosphere of gas molecules that clings to the moon. Twenty-nine of those measurements coincided with known streams of space dust.
When Earth passes through those streams, the dust burns up in the atmosphere, producing annual meteor showers like the Leonids and the Geminids. But because the moon has no true atmosphere, bits of dust from the same showers strike the moon’s surface directly, stirring up what lies beneath.
Benna and colleagues calculated that only meteorites heavier than about 0.15 grams could have released the water. That means the top eight centimeters or so of lunar soil are indeed dry — smaller impacts would have released water if any was there. Beneath that dry coating is a global layer of hydrated soil, with water ice clinging to dust grains.
But the moon is by no means soggy. Squeezing half a ton of lunar soil would yield barely a small bottle of water, Benna says. “It’s not a lot of water by any measure, but it’s still water.” And it’s too much water to have arrived at the moon recently, he says. The moon may have held on to at least some of this water since the time of its formation (SN: 4/15/17, p. 18).
Future studies could help figure out whether and how that water could be useful for human explorers.
The finding is “plausible and certainly provocative,” says planetary scientist Erik Asphaug of the University of Arizona in Tucson. “It’s the kind of paper that is good to see published so we can debate it.”
Editor's note: This story was updated April 19, 2019, to clarify that LADEE collected data from lunar orbit from November 2013 to April 2014.
CHEMICAL RELIC The elusive helium hydride ion, thought to be the first type of molecule to form in the universe, has been found in the planetary nebula NGC 7027 (shown in infrared light in this Hubble image).
WILLIAM B. LATTER/SIRTF SCIENCE CENTER/CALTECH, NASA, ESA
Helium hydride ions, thought to be the first type of molecule to form in the universe, have finally been spotted in space.
These charged molecules, each made of a neutral helium atom and a positively charged hydrogen atom, first emerged within about 100,000 years after the Big Bang. Back then, the universe was composed almost entirely of hydrogen and helium, and helium hydride was the only molecule that these two elements could create when they collided.
Although researchers have seen helium hydride ions in the lab, these molecules have never been definitively detected in space. The discovery of helium hydride in a nearby planetary nebula ends a decades-long search for these seminal molecules and helps confirm our understanding of chemistry in the infant universe, researchers report online April 17 in Nature.
During three flights in May 2016, the airborne Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy observed a planetary nebula about 3,000 light-years away called NGC 7027. This shell of stellar material was blown off a sunlike star when its core collapsed into a white dwarf about 600 years ago. In the light emitted by the hot, dense cloud of gas, researchers detected helium hydride’s signature wavelength of infrared radiation.
The helium hydride ions seen in NGC 7027 were created in the planetary nebula, rather than being leftover from the early universe. But their existence confirms that helium hydride ions can exist outside the lab, which means that theoretical simulations of the primordial cosmos aren’t in serious need of revision.
Adam Perry, who studied helium hydride while at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, likens the new find to unearthing a fossil that fills a missing link in animal evolution. “Everybody knew [helium hydride] had to be out there,” says Perry, who wasn’t involved in the study. But “where before there wasn't any hard evidence, now there is.… People who do astrochemistry are going to be very excited about this.”
Studying the helium hydride ions in NGC 7027 may offer new insights into the chemical reactions that form these ions, says study coauthor Rolf Güsten, an astrophysicist at the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy in Bonn, Germany.
Güsten and colleagues also hope to use the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array in northern Chile to scour the distant, early universe for helium hydride ions born soon after the Big Bang.
Lights from an Unidentified Flying Object Appears in the Skies of Beijing, China
Lights from an Unidentified Flying Object Appears in the Skies of Beijing, China
Paranormal researcher Scott C Waring uncovered footage of mysterious UFO lights that appeared in the skies over China. These bright lights, possibly from multiple unidentified flying objects, hovered in the night skies, and not only appeared in the skies of Beijing, but also in other regions of the country. “The lights caught the attention of most of Beijing, but it was seen by people that were 100 km away!
That means the UFOs went to many locations, not just over Beijing. The light is lumpy and contained. That means its not a spotlight from the ground. A spotlight would spread the light evenly in all areas and cannot make lumps like this in the clouds. The lights suddenly appear as a group of spots, and then spreads into a plurality of spots, and moves quickly, sometimes ring-shaped, and sometimes resembles a pattern, and sometimes becomes another irregular pattern,” said Waring. Read more for the video and additional information.
“Interestingly, the shape of the UFO that appeared in China seems very similar to the unidentified flying object that appeared a few months back in Baji California. The clip from Baji California was uploaded to YouTube by Tyler Glockner who runs the YouTube channel ‘Secureteam10’, and the conspiracy theorist revealed that eyewitnesses had live-streamed the UFO sighting on Instagram,” reports IB Times.
Scientists think aliens could be living in other universes
Scientists think aliens could be living in other universes
Alien life could exist in other universes, according to a group of scientists studying a mysterious force known as dark energy.
Previous theories suggested our universe has the perfect amount of dark energy, which acts against gravity and is making the cosmos expand at an accelerated rate.
It was understood that any more would create such rapid expansion that stars and planets wouldn’t have time to form.
The multiverse theory, first put forward in the 80s, said there was a “luckily small” amount of the force in our universe.
But researchers at Durham University claim these celestial bodies would still have formed even if a universe had 100 times the dark energy that ours does.
They used giant computer simulations to suggest that, if other universes exist, they may be just as likely to harbor life.
An artist’s rendition of a multiverse
Jaime Salcido/SWNS.com
“The formation of stars in a universe is a battle between the attraction of gravity and the repulsion of dark energy,” said Professor Richard Bower of Durham University’s Institute for Computational Cosmology.
“We have found in our simulations that universes with much more dark energy than ours can happily form stars. So why such a paltry amount of dark energy in our universe?”
“I think we should be looking for a new law of physics to explain this strange property of our universe and the Multiverse theory does little to rescue physicists’ discomfort.”
Their findings are published in two related papers in the journal, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
The density of gas after 13.8 billion years of evolution, featuring a universe with no dark energy, left, our universe, center, and a universe with 10 times more dark energy than our own
Jaime Salcido/SWNS.com
And their simulations were created using the EAGLE (Evolution and Assembly of Galaxies and their Environments) project – one of the most realistic programs mapping the observed Universe.
The dark energy conundrum has plagued scientists for years, said Jaime Salcido, a postgraduate student of Durham University.
He added: “Our simulations show that even if there was much more dark energy or even very little in the universe then it would only have a minimal effect on star and planet formation.”
The widely accepted eternal inflation theory claims our universe came into existence with a brief burst which saw the universe expand at a rapid pace.
Some suggested this meant that, in some regions, the universe is still expanding and will continue to grow infinitely.
In doing so, it creates multiverses: an endless supply of universes much like our own, populated with Earth-like planets, societies and even individuals that resemble us.
POCKMARKED PLANET This enhanced-color image of Mercury, using data gleaned from NASA’s MESSENGER mission, reveals mineralogical differences in the rocks that make up Mercury’s crust. The mission, which ended in 2015, continues to yield new finds, including that Mercury has a giant solid inner core.
CARNEGIE INST. OF WASHINGTON, JHU-APL, NASA
The smallest planet in our solar system has a massive solid inner core.
In its final trip around Mercury before crash-landing in 2015, NASA’s MESSENGER mission zoomed in close to the planet, enabling scientists to make detailed measurements of its gravity, spin and internal structure. Those data, researchers report April 10 in Geophysical Research Letters, suggest Mercury has a solid inner core about2,000 kilometers in diameter, making up about half of Mercury’s entire core.
Scientists already knew that Mercury’s core was huge, taking up about 85 percent of the planet (SN: 4/21/12, p. 8). In 2007, radar observations made from Earth detected small oscillations in Mercury’s spin rate that suggested the core was at least partially liquid (SN: 5/5/07). Then MESSENGER data revealed that the planet has a weak magnetic field generated by circulation of molten metal in that liquid core (SN Online: 5/7/15). But it wasn’t clear if Mercury, like Earth, also has a solid inner core.
To study the planet’s interior structure, MESSENGER measured Mercury’s distribution of mass by tracking tiny shifts in the spacecraft’s orbiting speed caused by subtle variations in gravitational pull. Using those data, scientists were able to estimate what sort of interior composition would best explain how Mercury spins.
Big heart
Measurements of gravity anomalies within Mercury suggest that the planet’s solid inner core makes up about half of the total core. The entire core is about 85 percent of the planet.
NASA'S GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER
Of the rocky planets, only Earth and Mercury still have magnetic fields generated by their cores. Such fields can shield planets from being battered by charged particles constantly streaming from the sun.
But Mercury’s core is cooling and solidifying faster than Earth’s. Earth’s solid inner core currently makes up only about a third of the total core. So observing how the innermost planet’s interior evolves, and how its magnetic field adjusts, may give a peek into the future of our own planet’s magnetic field, the researchers say.
Cassini data now reveal that some of Titan’s lakes are surprisingly deep.
Infrared view of seas and lakes in Titan’s northern hemisphere, taken by Cassini in 2014. Sunlight can be seen glinting off the southern part of Titan’s largest sea, Kraken Mare.
Image via NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona/University of Idaho.
Saturn’s largest moonTitanis the only world in our solar system besides Earth known to have bodies of liquid on its surface. Scientists announceddefinitive evidencefor them in 2007, based on data from NASA’sCassinispacecraft. The large ones are known as maria (seas) and the small ones as lacus (lakes). It’s now known that Titan’s hydrologic cycleis surprisingly similar to Earth’s, with one big exception: the liquid on Titan is liquid methane/ethaneinstead of water, due to the extreme cold. The moon’s northern hemisphere, in particular, has dozens of smaller lakes near its pole, and now scientists have found that they are surprisingly deep and sit on the tops of hills and mesas. These observations come from data collected during the last close flyby of Titan during the Cassini mission, which ended in 2017.
The new peer-reviewed findings were published on April 15, 2019, in the journal Nature Astronomy.
Scientists had thought that the lakes would be an almost equal mixture of methane and ethane, like the larger seas. This is the case with the one sizable lake in the southern hemisphere called Ontario Lacus. But to their surprise, they found that the lakes in the northern hemisphere are composed almost entirely of methane. As lead author Marco Mastrogiuseppe, a Cassini radar scientist at Caltech, explained:
Every time we make discoveries on Titan, Titan becomes more and more mysterious. But these new measurements help give an answer to a few key questions. We can actually now better understand the hydrology of Titan.
Map of Titan’s seas and lakes in the northern hemisphere.
Image via JPL-Caltech/NASA/ASI/USGS.
But while some questions may be answered, other new ones are also raised. Why the difference between the lakes in the northern and southern hemispheres? Also, the hydrology on one side of the northern hemisphere appears to be very different from that on the other side. Why? On the eastern side, you find larger seas with low elevation, canyons and islands. But the western side is dominated by the smaller lakes perched on top of hills and mesas. Some of those lakes are more than 300 feet (100 meters) deep, a surprise given their small sizes. As noted by Cassini scientist and co-author Jonathan Lunine of Cornell University:
It is as if you looked down on the Earth’s North Pole and could see that North America had completely different geologic setting for bodies of liquid than Asia does.
Cenote Sagrado (Sacred Cenote) near Chichen Itza, one of the best known karst lakes (or sinkhole) in Yucatán. Karst lakes are thought to be similar to the deep methane lakes on Titan.
The findings show how Titan’s alien yet earthly-ish landscape is even more unusual than first thought. They show very deep lakes sitting atop tall mesas or plateaus, suggesting that they formed when the surrounding bedrock of ice and solid organics chemically dissolved and collapsed. These Titan lakes are reminiscent of karst lakes on Earth, which form when subterranean caves collapse. In the earthly counterparts, however, water dissolves limestone, gypsum or dolomite rock.
This is a great example of how – much like the hydrologic cycle – geologic processes on Titan can also mimic those on Earth, yet be uniquely Titanian at the same time. In many ways, Titan looks a lot like Earth, but the underlying mechanisms, and composition of materials, are fundamentally different on this world in the much-colder outer solar system.
Cassini also observed another kind of lake on Titan. Radar and infrared data revealed transient lakes where the level of liquids varies significantly. These results have been published in a separate paper in Nature Astronomy. According to Shannon MacKenzie, a planetary scientist at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, those changes may be seasonal:
One possibility is that these transient features could have been shallower bodies of liquid that over the course of the season evaporated and infiltrated into the subsurface.
Images from Cassini showing new small lakes appearing in Arrakis Planitia between 2004 and 2005. Such lakes seem to be transient, where the liquids fill the lakes before evaporating or seeping into the ground again.
Image via NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute.
Taken together, the results about both the deep lakes and transient lakes support the scenario where methane/ethane rain feeds the lakes, which then evaporate back into the atmosphere or drain into the subsurface, leaving reservoirs of liquid below the surface. It is a complete hydrologic cycle, but, in the colder environment than on Earth, one where methane and ethane can be liquid and water is in the form of rock-hard ice.
The presence of lakes and seas on Titan brings up another question. Might there possibly be any form of life there? Some scientists think there indeed could be at least microscopic organisms, despite the harsh conditions in contrast to Earth, that use liquid methane/ethane in a similar way that life here uses water. Such life would have to be evolved to exist in conditions unlike any on Earth, but it’s an intriguing possibility.
Bottom line: Data on Titan’s lakes, collected by the Cassini spacecraft (whose mission ended in 2017), continue to reveal insights into a hydrologic cycle that’s remarkably similar to Earth’s in some ways – but distinctly alien in others. A new finding is that lakes near Titan’s north pole are surprisingly deep and sit on the tops of hills and mesas.
See the far side of the moon like never before: China releases stunning new images captured by its Yutu 2 rover as the mission hunkers down for another long lunar night
See the far side of the moon like never before:China releases stunning new images captured by its Yutu 2 rover as the mission hunkers down for another long lunar night
China's moon mission has exceeded expectations, releasing new lunar images
Yutu 2 and its lander are hibernating as the look to enter their fifth lunar day
The mission looks to analyze layers of the moon's mantle never seen before
China's Chang’e 4 lander and Yutu 2 rover have captured new images on their successful mission to explore the far side of the moon as the duo looks to extend their study to a fifth lunar day.
On the moon, the cycle of day and night is nearly 30 Earth-days in total, with each lasting about two weeks long.
The new images captured from the rover, Yutu 2 and released this month, offer up more of the mission's journey after a first round of pictures was released after their arrival on the 115-mile wide Von Kármán Crater in January.
Objectives of the lander and rover mission -- the first-ever to target exploration of the moon's far side -- include analyzing chemical differences between the Earth-facing side of the moon and the mission's target area.
Scroll down for video
China's Chang’e 4 mission has been a smashing success with its lander and rover greatly exceeding their expected lifespan. The new images captured from the rover, Yutu 2 and released this month, offer up more of the mission's journey
As reported by the Planetary Society, no hard science regarding the Chang’e 4's mission has emerged yet, but scientists involved with the project said the surveyed area shows 'potential evidence of excavated deep mafic material, which could reveal the mineralogy of the lunar mantle.'
The far side of the moon, which is the hemisphere that always faces away from Earth, has yet to be explored by any such missions before and like its Earth-visible counterpart, the location experiences intervals of two weeks of sunlight and two weeks of darkness.
According to a report by Space.com, Chang’e 4's mission has already greatly exceeded expectations.
The spacecraft were only initially designed to last about three lunar days in total.
Both the lander and rover are currently in hibernation mode, resting during a lunar night, but on April 28, when another two-week day dawns on the far side of the moon, both would be going on their fifth lunar day, given they're still fully intact.
With their ample data, scientists hope to reveal facts about our early solar system. The far side of the moon, which is the hemisphere that always faces away from Earth, has yet to be explored by any such missions before
The mission's rover, Yutu 2, has outpaced its predecessor traveling an extra 60 meters so far
Because of the daytime's brutal temperatures which soar to 390 degrees Fahrenheit (200 degrees Celsius), the rover is also required to take intermittent 'naps' -- brief periods of hibernation -- until it's able to move again.
Even despite the hazards and obstacles of exploring the far side of the moon, the Yutu 2 has managed to travel just under 180 meters during its one-month stay.
With what data scientists already have already collected and whatever bonus material the rover is able to glean on potential endeavors later this month, researchers plan to analyze and then publish results in about a month, according to the Planetary Society.
In addition to satisfying humans' curiosity regarding the far side of the moon, the mission will also help to illuminate scientists understanding about the makeup of our early solar system.
Craters studied by the rover were created by an ancient impact where layers of the moon's mantle are exposed, where they can be studied to determine its contents and more.
WHY DID CHINA CHOOSE TO LAND IN THE VON KARMAN CRATER?
Chang'e-4 landed in the Von Karman crater in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
This is an enormous crater which resides at the very most southern tip of the moon.
China opted to study the far side of the moon and has in the process beat all other nations to the landmark moment.
The basin is so far the largest known impact basin in the solar system.
China's space agency hopes that by exploring the huge divot on the surface of the moon they may be able to shed some light on its history and geology by collecting rocks that have never been seen before.
Researchers hope the huge depth of the crater will allow them to study the moon's mantle, the layer underneath the surface, of the moon.
The crater is believed to be composed of various chemical compounds, including thorium, iron oxide, and titanium dioxide.
It is also hoped that by judging this 8-mile deep scar on the surface of the moon the scientists could find clues to piece together the origin of the lunar mantle.
There is also another logistical reason for the choice of landing site, the crater is mostly flat in the south of the basin.
This increased the likelihood of a successful landing.
China quietly released a new set of images provided by its Chang’e 4 lunar exploration mission. The rover, which became the first mission to ever land on the far side of the moon, shows some features of the lunar surface in unprecedented detail.
Image credits: CLEP/CNSA.
China’s mission has already gone as well as you could hope for — if not better. It became the first mission to perform a soft landing on the dark side of the moon, it carried geophysical studies of its landing surface, and it successfully grew potatoes and a few other plants on the moon — marking another impressive first.
The Yutu 2 rover has now traveled a total of 178.9 meters (587.9 feet), which far exceeds the record by its predecessor, Yutu 1, during the Chang’e 3 mission, which managed to travel 114 meters. Durings its latest travels, the rover also snapped a few photographs which it beamed back to Earth, and some of those images have now been released by China’s National Space Administration (CNSA).
The lunar surface, as seen by the Yutu 2 rover.
Image: CLEP/CNSA.
The Von Kármán crater, close to where the rover landed, is believed to contain an intriguing mixture of chemical elements, including thorium, iron oxide, and titanium dioxide, which could provide important clues about the origin and evolution of the lunar surface. Researchers hope that the mission will help answer questions about the crater’s surface features and test whether plants could grow in lunar soil.
The mission is also observing low-frequency radio light coming from the Sun or beyond that’s impossible to detect on Earth because there is so much radio noise interfering with it.
Early tracks from Yutu-2 after its descent from the Chang’e-4 lander, visible in the top-left.
Image: CLEP/CNSA.
More recent tracks.
Image: CLEP/CNSA.
The rover is currently in hibernation mode until April 28. It has already survived for four lunar days and nights, or about 29.5 days on Earth. It’s still going strong, preparing for its fifth lunar night — despite being designed to last for three lunar nights only. Everything that happens now is just a bonus on this already excellent mission. The rover is also turning intermittent naps when it is facing the sun directly, as temperatures soar to 200 degrees Celsius.
Much of the scientific data gathered hasn’t been relayed back to Earth yet. It will take several more weeks before it is all sent back, and a bit more time to analyze it after that. In the meantime, we can all enjoy these crisp images.
Many countries have tried to develop miniaturised nuclear reactors for space flight applications, but Russia’s by far the closest.
Elon Muskwants to travel toMarsusing SpaceX’s planned monolithic rocket booster, the Big Falcon Rocket. Meanwhile, on the other side of the world inRussia, Vladimir Putin is planning on getting to the Red Plant with a nuclear powered spaceship that looks like something out of James Cameron’s Avatar.
The Russian state sponsored space agency, Roscosmos, unveiled plans to build a spacecraft that would be powered by an onboard nuclear reactor and fly using nuclear thermal engines. This proposed vessel has been touted with the ability to sustain a crew in space without the need of harnessing solar energy, which has often been posed as a possible solution for interstellar travel. Dan Kotlyar, an assistant professor of nuclear radiological engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology says that “nuclear powered engines could bring about a new era of solar system exploration.”
“Nuclear thermal propulsion (NTP) systems offer the greatest versatility for near-term deep space missions such as NASA’s planned Mars and near Earth asteroid missions,” he explains. “Due to their superior energy density, these systems have nearly twice the efficiency of the best chemical engines paired with comparable thrust levels.”
Based on the brief video, it appears that the proposed vessel would power its life-support systems using a nuclear reactor and also make use of nuclear engines.
Simply put, nuclear engines may simply be better than the traditional chemical engines used by SpaceX rockets. They use a nuclear reactor to heat up a propellant, like liquid hydrogen before blasting it through a nozzle, and space agencies have been working on using one for decades.
NASA’s Project Rover program started in 1955 and lasted until 1973, which led to the development of 20 different reactors. Most recently the American space agency has revived the Nuclear Engine for Rocket Vehicle Application (NERVA) with help from BWX Technologies in an attempt to cut down future travel times between Earth and Mars.
Russia is no stranger to this research either. Aside from Tuesday’s announcement by Roscosmos’ nuclear propulsion team, the former Soviet Union was found to have been testing an engine similar to NERVA up until right before it fell in 1991.
“Nuclear thermal propulsion systems have a long and prolific history of research and development,” said Kotlyar. “Despite the major advancements made in the Rover program, much work is yet to be done to create a working nuclear thermal rocket for NASA’s current planned Mars missions.”
Space is, as you may have heard, is a sub-optimal environment for the human body. It can kill us instantly if we don’t protect ourselves, and can also wear us down slowly, even if we’re safely aboard the International Space Station (ISS). To live in the great unknown we need a constant supply of electrical energy to maintain the devices that keep us alive up there.
Aside from regular resupply missions, the ISS has acres of solar panels that soak up the Sun’s beams to produce 84 to 120 kilowatts of electrical power, which it stores in batteries. Roscosmos wants to replace all of that with a nuclear reactor, which might be possible but could, obviously, be dangerous.
Meanwhile NASA has already developed miniature nuclear reactors, named KRUSTY, that it envisions powering its eventual space outposts. Each is capable of providing 10 kilowatts of power, enough to run several average households. So roughly ten of these small reactors could produce the same energy as the ISS’s massive solar panels. That’s great, but safety is still a concern.
While the process of creating nuclear energy on Earth has become mostly safe, cramming a crew onto a spaceship that’s powered by radioactive materials is obviously untested. That said, Roscosmos’ render presents an alternative vision for long distance space travel that is far more plausible than the Avatar like aesthetic would have you believe.
The U.S. Navy is working on new guidelines for its personnel to report sightings and other encounters with “unidentified aircraft,” Politico reports.
It sounds like a major step toward taking UFO encounters more seriously: the Navy’s new process would create formalized guidelines for sailors and pilots alike to report and analyze each one of the encounters.
The Truth Is Out There
No, this is definitely not the Navy confirming the existence of extraterrestrials, as Politico points out. It’s just giving the rank and file a chance to have their encounters examined by military authorities.
“There have been a number of reports of unauthorized and/or unidentified aircraft entering various military-controlled ranges and designated air space in recent years,” the Navy said in a statement to Politico. “For safety and security concerns, the Navy and the [U.S. Air Force] takes these reports very seriously and investigates each and every report.”
A Second Look
Rather than ignoring and dumping the data collected during sightings of UFOs and other “unexplained aerial phenomena,” as Pentagon officials put it, the sightings would be investigated and studied by personnel — though exactly who gets to review the data is unclear.
In 2017, the New York Times reported on a $22 million program by the Pentagon called the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program that allegedly was devoted to the investigation of UFOs. Perhaps the Navy’s upcoming guidelines could simply be an outcome of that.
Scientists have created simple machines made of biomaterials with the properties of living things. These so-called “living machines” have the properties of living things despite being human-engineered machines.
As a genetic material, DNA is responsible for all known life. But DNA is also a polymer. Tapping into the unique nature of the molecule, Cornell engineers have created simple machines constructed of biomaterials with properties of living things.
“We are introducing a brand-new, lifelike material concept powered by its very own artificial metabolism.We are not making something that’s alive, but we are creating materials that are much more lifelike than have ever been seen before,” said Dan Luo, professor of biological and environmental engineering in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences.
Using DASH, the Cornell engineers created a biomaterial that can autonomously emerge from its nanoscale building blocks and arrange itself – first into polymers and eventually mesoscale shapes, reports news.cornell.edu.
RT America’s Trinity Chavez reports on the breakthrough.
24-04-2019 om 21:31
geschreven door peter
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:SF-snufjes }, Robotics and A.I. Artificiel Intelligence ( E, F en NL )
A Famous UFO Case? Or, a Military Test Gone Wrong?
A Famous UFO Case? Or, a Military Test Gone Wrong?
On October 5, 2015, here at Mysterious Universe, Micah Hankswrote an article titled“The Cash-Landrum Incident: Was a Nuclear Aircraft Involved?” Micah’s article began as follows: “Of all the best-known and often reviewed UFO cases of the last few decades, many would contend that one of the most puzzling had been the Cash-Landrum incident, which occurred near Dayton, Texas on 29 December, 1980. The story, well known in UFO circles, involved two women: Betty Cash and Vicky Landrum, as well as Vicky’s grandson Colby, all of whom purportedly observed an unusual, very bright source of illumination over a country road on the night in question. After seemingly hovering above the highway for several minutes, the strange object was surrounded by a group of helicopters in tight formation, and removed from the area, according to the witnesses.”
As Micah’s feature demonstrated, there are good reasons to suspect that the cause of the still-controversial affair was not due to the presence of a UFO – as many people conclude (or who may want to believe). Rather, the vehicle may have been a prototype nuclear-powered vehicle built and flown by the U.S. military. Micah’s article focuses on a lot of thought-provoking data, all of which points in that specific direction. There is a good reason I mention all of this today: another source claimed to have been given information that also supported this particular down-to-earth theory. That source was the late Tom Adams, who spent a lot of time from the 1970s onward investigating matters relative to black helicopters and cattle mutilations. Adams’ connection to the December 1980 incident is not that well known, which is why I have decided to highlight it for you today.
It was while he was digging deep into stories of those aforementioned mutilations and strange helicopters that Adams came across an intrigue-filled story. On one occasion, Adams had the opportunity to speak with a man that Adams referred to as “Tony.” Yes, and before anyone quickly brings the matter up, I fully realize that relying on sources who use aliases is hardly something that can be said to be preferable or ideal. Sometimes, though, that is just how it goes. And particularly so when it’s the source who is calling all of the shots. That was exactly the case when it came to the matter of Tom Adams, Tony, and the 1980 Cash-Landrum incident. Tony – a military helicopter pilot – had spent time working at Fort Hood, Texas, and as a result had come across certain data on the infamous story.
According to the account told to Tom Adams by Tony, it all went down late one night, in December 1980. It was a night which Tony couldn’t fail to forget, as it was just a couple of days after Christmas 1980. Tony and his colleagues were quickly ordered to take to the skies and head out to Huffman, Texas. All of the crews were told to keep a careful look-out for what was described by Tony as an “unusual aircraft.” Rather significantly, the helicopter crews were also told to get as close to the craft as they possibly could, but without causing a disaster in the process. Incredibly, at one point the pilots were told that, if it came to it and there was no alternative, they should try and force the aircraft to the ground, using the weight of the helicopters to push it down. Which, surely, would have been an incredibly precarious situation for the men to find themselves in.
Tony continued with his story and told Tom Adams that as they closed in on Huffman, they couldn’t fail to see the strange thing in the sky. Tony stated that it was “throwing off sparks like a 4th of July sparkler.” For around seven to ten miles they “shadowed” the object, after which an order came through to abort and head back to base, which, Tony added, is precisely what they all did. Only a few days later, Tony was given the full story of what happened that night – from a colleague at Fort Hood. The UFO was nothing of the sort. It was a prototype, nuclear-powered vehicle that had malfunctioned and which was in danger of crashing to the ground. Fortunately, the glitch was eventually rectified and the craft continued on its original course – hence the reason why the helicopter pilots were told to abort.
There may still be those out there who yearn for the craft to have been an alien spacecraft. But, what’s more likely: a UFO from a faraway galaxy or an advanced craft of the military that malfunctioned at just about the worst time possible? My money is on the second scenario.
U.S. Navy drafting new guidelines for reporting UFOs
The Navy isn’t endorsing the idea that its sailors have encountered alien spacecraft — but it also does not want to dismiss strange aerial sightings by credible military personnel.
U.S. Navy drafting new guidelines for reporting UFOs
The service says it has also 'provided a series of briefings by senior Naval Intelligence officials as well as aviators who reported hazards to aviation safety.'
WETENSCHAPWetenschappers hebben ontdekt dat de planeet Mercurius een gigantische vaste kern heeft. Dat blijkt uit een analyse van data die een ruimtetuig van de Amerikaanse ruimtevaartorganisatie NASA verzamelde, vlak voor het in 2015 op de planeet neerstortte.
Mercurius is de kleinste planeet van ons zonnestelsel en hij bevindt zich het dichtste bij de zon. De temperatuur schommelt er tussen 426 graden overdag en -173 graden ’s nachts. Mercurius draait trager om zijn as dan de Aarde, waardoor een dag er 58 aardse dagen duurt.
Wetenschappers weten al lang dat Mercurius net als de Aarde een metalen kern heeft en dat het buitenste deel daarvan vloeibaar is. Dat verklaart het magnetisch veld van de planeet. Van het binnenste deel werd alleen maar vermoed dat het vast was. Een nieuwe studie die gepubliceerd werd in het wetenschappelijke tijdschrift Geophysical Research Letters, werpt daar nu nieuw licht op. En komt ook met bewijsmateriaal.
Dat bewijsmateriaal werd verzameld door de MESSENGER-sonde van de NASA. Die werd in 2004 gelanceerd richting Mercurius en stuurde in 2008 de eerste beelden van de planeet door. In 2011 kwam de sonde in een baan om Mercurius en in 2015 stortte ze gecontroleerd neer op de planeet. (lees hieronder verder)
APEen van de beelden van Mercurius die MESSENGER doorstuurde.
Tijdens de laatste omwentelingen kwam het ruimtetuig heel dicht bij de planeet en dat liet wetenschappers toe om gedetailleerde metingen te doen op het vlak van zwaartekracht, rotatie en interne structuur. Die toonden aan dat Mercurius wel degelijk een vaste kern heeft en dat die maar liefst 2.000 kilometer in diameter meet. Wat goed is voor ongeveer de helft van de totale kern. Ter vergelijking: de vaste kern van de Aarde meet ongeveer 2.400 kilometer, maar omdat onze planeet groter is dan Mercurius, gaat het bij ons maar om een derde van de totale kern.
Zwaartekracht
De interne structuur van Mercurius werd uiteindelijk in kaart gebracht door het meten van de distributie van massa van de planeet. Die gebeurde door kleine veranderingen in de omwentelingssnelheid van het ruimtetuig te meten, die veroorzaakt werden door minieme wijzigingen in de zwaartekracht. Aan de hand van die gegevens, werd bepaald welke interne structuur het specifieke draaien van Mercurius het beste kon verklaren.
De totale kern van Mercurius is overigens gigantisch. Het vaste en vloeibare deel samen maken ongeveer 85 procent uit van de volledige planeet. De kern van Mercurius koelt echter veel sneller af dan die van de Aarde. Observeren hoe de binnenkant van de planeet evolueert en het magnetisch veld wijzigt, kan wetenschappers een beeld geven van de toekomst van onze eigen planeet.
Unidentified sonic phenomena continue around the world with seemingly no explanation. Why is it that we pay much more attention to visual anomalous phenomena? Much of the study of the unexplained and mysterious centers around images and sightings, whether of Bigfoot or other cryptids, UFOs, or denizens of spirit realms or other dimensions. English speakers do tend to prioritize sight above the other senses, and many different phenomena can make similar sounds, so perhaps it’s natural that sight is most often the medium for the study of the anomalous.
Nevertheless, unidentified sonic phenomena, or USPs, are just prevalent. As MU readers know, I’m particularly interested in the mystery boom phenomenon, but anomalous acoustics of all kinds are an interest of mine. This week, strange sounds continue to frighten and baffle people worldwide as unexplained booms have been keeping residents of Cleveland’s Slavic Village neighborhood awake at night. Interestingly, as has been the case in a small percentage of these booms, anomalous flashes of light have also been reported.
Some Slavic Village residents have captured the flashes and booms on home security cameras and posted them to social media. Cleveland resident Edward McDonald told News 5 Cleveland that while the booms haven’t harmed anyone or any property yet, he believes it’s only a matter of time until they do:
What I’ve heard is like a loud bang, like a boom. It shakes houses, it rattles windows. It hasn’t caused any destruction yet, or it hasn’t caused any property damage, but it’s definitely noticeable. We all know the powers of concussions, or concussion booms, and I really think that the vibration could cause some damage at some point.
The Cleveland City Council is reportedly looking into the incidents, but if this case is like any others, they’ll likely turn up very few answers. Cleveland wasn’t alone this week, though. An eerily similar boom was reported on Sunday, April 14 in the Grand’Anse area on the western coast of Haiti. Local geologists ruled out seismic or volcanic activity and local authorities remain stumped. The mystery left in the wake of the boom is reportedly “sowing anxiety and some panic in the population” and without an explanation, rumors are reportedly running wild among locals.
Meanwhile, residents of the town of Damhal Hanji Pora in the Indian state of state of Jammu and Kashmir reported a “mysterious blast-like sound” on Friday, April 19. Police rejected the idea that the boom was caused by a grenade or other munitions, but given the proximity to Pakistan and recent tensions there, there’s no telling what could have occurred.
As with all reported incidents of mysterious booms, I’m left to wonder: are these related in any way, or are they all isolated, separate incidents?
Glowing UFO Over Tiny Town Of 97 Residents On April 21, 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Glowing UFO Over Tiny Town Of 97 Residents On April 21, 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: April 21, 2019
Location of sighting: Holtwood, Pennsylvania, USA
Source: MUFON #99891
Here is a UFO sighting from a city with a population of 97. Its been long believed that UFOs appear in areas that are less populated in order to not cause a panic. This UFO was lit up like a flare, but moved very fast as seen in the video. Now I really wish I had a longer video of this, but only received a short clip. This could be a Chinese lantern, but its the wrong time of the year for Lantern Festival. Also this object is the wrong shape. A lantern is taller than wide, this appears to be the opposite. This object appears to move very fast ruling out Chinese lantern, since they move slow with the wind. It has no wings so its not a plane. Eyewitness says it turned into a triangle, and I'm thinking USAF TR3B secret triangle craft. This case remains a mystery.
Scott C. Waring
Eyewitness states:
Glowing orb that ascended very quickly, changed direction and shape from a glowing pulsating orb, to a dark grey reflective triangle.
A photograph of a meteor streaking through Earth’s atmosphere. This meteor likely originated from the tail of a comet orbiting around the sun, but other meteors may come from beyond the solar system. Credit: Daniel Pludowski Getty Images
By most standards, space is exceedingly empty, containing on average just one proton per four cubic meters of volume. In this cosmic ocean, so incomprehensibly desolate and vast, entire galaxies are akin to scattered spots of sea foam—not to mention the stars, planets and other lesser objects that fade to insignificance against the void. For random clumps of matter adrift in the deep to somehow find each other seems to border on the miraculous.
Yet find each other they do, and in surprising numbers. Stars and planets routinely hurl smaller objects into interstellar space as an inescapable consequence of orbital mechanics. And the recent discovery of ‘Oumuamua—a mysterious and first-of-its-kind interstellar object spied by chance when it passed close by our sun last year—confirms as much. Statistical extrapolations suggest that a quadrillion trillion similar objects may lurk as yet unseen in the dark spaces between the stars of the Milky Way, so many that there should always be one such far-flung passerby flying through the notional sphere bounded by Earth’s orbit around our star. With an estimated size of roughly half a kilometer, ‘Oumuamua in some respects represents the tip of the interstellar iceberg; just as grains of sand greatly outnumber large rocks on a beach, for every ‘Oumuamua-sized body wandering the galaxy there should be many, many more objects even smaller. Scientists already know of many microscopic interstellar immigrants—cosmic rays and micron-sized flecks of stardust that occasionally strike spacecraft—but other than ‘Oumuamua, nothing larger has ever definitively been found.
Now two researchers—Avi Loeb, chair of astronomy at Harvard University, and Harvard undergraduate Amir Siraj—say that has changed, arguing that a modest meteor observed in January 2014 was actually an outcast from another star. They detail their result in a preprint submitted for peer-reviewed publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters. If confirmed, the finding could help open a new frontier in the detection and study of interstellar meteors.
A HYPERBOLIC CLAIM
“Previous approaches to this problem were like looking for your keys under a lamppost, where our sun is the lamp illuminating its surroundings and passing interstellar objects are the keys,” Loeb explains. “That’s a good technique—that’s how ‘Oumuamua was found—but it really limits you, particularly in trying to figure out an object’s composition.”
For their study, Loeb and Siraj used a different method, looking for evidence of interstellar objects in more than three decades of data from the Center for Near Earth Object Studies (CNEOS), a NASA-run global catalog of meteors detected by networks of U.S. government sensors.
Because there should be many more interstellar objects at smaller sizes, Loeb says, “there is a good chance those will appear to us as meteors, since the chances of their intersecting the Earth are higher.” Monitoring a meteor’s bright trail as it burns up in our planet’s atmosphere can reveal not only the object’s size and composition but also its trajectory and velocity with respect to the Earth and the sun. If a meteor’s inferred incoming speed exceeds about 42 kilometers per second—the solar system’s escape velocity in Earth’s vicinity—its trajectory could be considered “hyperbolic,” meaning it could have been an “unbound” interstellar passerby moving too fast to be captured by the sun’s gravity.
Only one event in the CNEOS database met Loeb and Siraj’s conservative criteria: a fireball off the coast of Papua New Guinea on January 8, 2014. According to the pair’s analysis of the CNEOS data, the meteor was half a meter in size and massed nearly 500 kilograms, entering the Earth’s atmosphere at nearly 44 kilometers per second before exploding high above the Pacific Ocean. Tellingly, the meteor’s trail showed it had not impacted Earth head-on, as one might expect of a fast-moving but native object in a retrograde orbit around our star. Instead it appeared to have swooped in from behind, overtaking our planet as the Earth moved around the sun—suggesting its actual velocity with respect to our solar system had been in blistering excess of 60 kilometers per second. Reconstructing the object’s most probable path to Earth, Loeb and Siraj found no previous close encounters with Jupiter or other large bodies that could have boosted its speed.
The case for the meteor being a rock from another star seemed almost too good to be true, particularly since CNEOS data is best interpreted with caution.The catalog’s primary sources are classified Earth-observing satellites operated by the U.S. military, which can record the brightness, orientation and duration of fireballs entering our planet’s atmosphere. For reasons of national security, the government refuses to release information about potential sources of uncertainty in the satellites’ secretive measurements.
“At first I didn’t believe it,” Siraj says. For a week, he and Loeb repeatedly checked their analysis of the CNEOS data, always arriving at the same conclusion: the meteor must have had an interstellar origin. Ultimately they chose to test their methods on a different, much more well-studied event—the 20-meter meteor that exploded over and wreaked havoc on the Russian city of Chelyabinsk in 2013. Using video recordings of the Chelyabinsk fireball, “we derived its orbit using our methods, and it was a very close match [to the CNEOS data],” Siraj says. “When I saw that, I thought, ‘Oh my god, this is real.’”
AN INTERSTELLAR ORIGIN OF LIFE?
The meteor’s estimated extreme speed was not only much higher than that of objects orbiting the sun, but also well above what would be typical of other nearby systems swirling through the Milky Way’s thin, star-studded disk. That, Loeb says, means its putative interstellar origins are decidedly exotic. “Either it came from a star in the galaxy’s thick disk [a small and diffuse subset of speedy stars that surround the thin disk like a halo],” he says, “or it came from the galaxy’s thin disk, from inner regions of a planetary system where objects orbit at higher speeds.”
The pair’s analysis also suggests interstellar objects of this scale strike the Earth at least once per decade—meaning perhaps almost half a billion have rained down upon our planet throughout its 4.5-billion-year history. Stars near our own should eject anywhere between 0.2 and 20 Earth masses of such objects over the course of their lives, Loeb and Siraj estimate—and at any time, on the order of a million should be somewhere within the Earth's orbit around the sun.
Such possibilities carry profound implications. “Some of these objects could potentially transfer life between planetary systems,” Loeb says, referring to a broad theory known as panspermia (ancient Greek for “all seeds”) that posits life first began in outer space and can readily migrate between planets. In principle, alien microbes sheltered within rocks blasted into space by a giant impact on some life-bearing world might survive an interstellar voyage and a fiery entry into a planet’s atmosphere. Some researchers have posited this may even explain life’s early emergence on Earth, which the fossil record suggests occurred with shocking rapidity more than four billion years ago, practically as soon as our planet became cool enough to harbor liquid water. “If this meteor is indeed interstellar, it shows a proof of concept,” Loeb says. “Sure, it burned up, but bigger, rarer ones won’t. And we don’t need an impact every decade to seed the early Earth.”
Even if Loeb and Siraj’s meteor had managed to reach Earth’s surface, however, other experts in the arcane topic of panspermia suggest it would not have brought anything living with it. “More likely, this object is not from a habitable (much less inhabited) body, but rather is a piece of a frozen, comet-like body,” says Benjamin Weiss, a planetary scientist and meteorite expert at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. More fundamentally, Weiss says, the claim that this particular space rock was interstellar is problematic. “The meteor catalog that [Loeb and Siraj] used does not report uncertainties on the incoming velocity,” he notes. “These uncertainties need to be quantified before this meteor can be accepted as interstellar.”
UNKNOWN UNCERTAINTIES
That is also the view of Paul Chodas, the CNEOS catalog’s manager at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. “We at CNEOS simply post the fireball data that is reported to us; we have no information on the uncertainties,” he says.
In March of this year, Chodas says, he and other CNEOS staffers flagged 2014’s Papua New Guinea meteor as potentially interstellar based on their own calculations of its orbit—but did not publish that result due to concerns about the data’s quality. Loeb and Siraj’s “quite extraordinary” and “highly speculative” claim, he says, “is based on just a few numbers that are likely highly uncertain.” (In their paper, Loeb and Siraj cite previous work reporting that the CNEOS catalog’s typical uncertainty for the velocity of a meter-sized meteor is less than a kilometer per second—an insignificant offset in the enormous measured speed of their candidate interstellar fireball.)
Asked about uncertainties in the CNEOS fireball catalog, Lindley Johnson, NASA’s “planetary defense officer,” notes that its entries represent the use of data “in a way it was never, ever originally intended.” Although initially conceived as a simple list of fireball times, locations and energy levels, more than a decade ago the catalog also began incorporating estimates of speed and directionality for particularly data-rich events, in hopes that researchers could use those projections to track down meteorite debris fields from large fireballs that occurred over land. Soon, particularly bold analysts were using those projections to look back in time, piecing together the potential orbital histories of meteors to link them and any meteorites they produced to certain families of asteroids. That was “already stretching the credence in the data beyond anything really scientifically valid,” Johnson says. “Now [Loeb and Siraj] want to speculate based on such tenuous data that some could be interstellar objects? That really stretches the credibility past the breaking point for me.”
Peter Brown, a planetary astronomer and leading meteor expert at Canada’s Western University, says that even though the CNEOS catalog is on average of very high quality, the validity of any single data point—particularly for smaller meteors—remains questionable. “Statistically, I think the catalog’s derived orbits and velocities and trajectories are fine,” he says. “But we simply don’t know which ones are good and which ones are bad.” Furthermore, Brown says, of the thousands of small fireballs previously detected by other, independent surveys using ground-based cameras and radar stations, not one has clearly exhibited a hyperbolic trajectory. “If a tenth or a twentieth of a percent of the population was hyperbolic as Loeb and Siraj claim, you’d expect to have a fair number of hyperbolics in the data from ground-based networks—but we don’t see that.”
Even so, Brown adds, “it is a fantastic thing that others are coming from different disciplines and applying their own approaches to this rich data set…. Interstellar meteorites must be hitting Earth’s atmosphere, and fireballs are the natural way to look for them. We just have to find them convincingly, in ways that can’t be dismissed as measurement uncertainties.”
This, naturally, is part of Loeb and Siraj’s grand plan. The next step in the quest for interstellar meteors, they say, is to ensure that potentially hyperbolic fireballs can be not only detected but also characterized. Observed with the right equipment, a fireball’s light can be broken up into a multicolored spectrum which acts as a “barcode” to reveal the object’s chemical composition—a critical clue as to whether or not it formed around our sun.
“Every few years we should have one of these hyperbolic meteors,” Loeb says. “If we just ensure observers are flagging fireballs with excess velocities, we should be able to set up spectroscopic surveys to get each one’s spectrum as it burns up in the atmosphere and indeed demonstrate an origin beyond our solar system. Surely this is something worth investing in!”
WETENSCHAP & PLANEETWetenschappers hebben op 6 april voor het eerst een beving op Mars gedetecteerd, zo deelde het Franse ruimtevaartbureau CNES mee. De waarneming gebeurde met de seismometer SEIS, dankzij een team waarin ook Véronique Dehant van de Koninklijke Belgische Sterrenwacht (KSB) participeert.
“Een zwak seismisch signaal maar toch te onderscheiden”, aldus het CNES over de detectie met de SEIS die op de Amerikaanse Marslander InSight staat. Die doet vooral onderzoek naar het binnenste van de Rode Planeet en wilde onder andere met de SEIS op zoek naar Marsbevingen.
“Het is formidabel een signaal te hebben dat er nog seismische activiteit op Mars is”, zei onderzoeker Philippe Lognonné van het Institut de Physique du Globe in Parijs. “Wij hebben maandenlang op onze eerste Marsbeving gewacht”.
De SEIS (“Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure”), waarvan de technische en wetenschappelijke verantwoordelijkheid bij Frankrijk berust, belandde op 19 december 2018 op de Marsbodem. Dankzij een robotarm van de stationaire InSight die op 26 november op onze buurplaneet is geland.
Nieuwe discipline
De meting gebeurde op de 128ste Marsdag. Volgens missieverantwoordelijke Bruce Banerdt bij het Amerikaanse ruimtevaartbureau NASA markeert de beving de “officiële geboorte van een nieuwe discipline: Marsseismologie”. De eerste beving was echter te zwak om bruikbare gegevens op te leveren over het binnenste van de planeet, zeggen CNES en NASA.
Bovendien moet er nog bevestiging komen dat de geregistreerde Marsbeving wel degelijk uit het binnenste van de planeet komt. Andere mogelijkheden zijn dat het een effect van de wind is of storende ruis.
Toch corresponderen meerdere karakteristieken van de meting - in het bijzonder de omvang en de duur - met het profiel van de bevingen die op de Maan zijn gedetecteerd, zeggen CNES en NASA. Via door astronauten van de NASA geplaatste seismometers zijn tussen 1969 en 1977 duizenden Maanbevingen geregistreerd, waaruit bleek dat onze natuurlijke satelliet geologisch nog altijd actief is.
Audio-opname
Er zijn de laatste maanden nog drie andere signalen gedetecteerd, allen zwakker dan dat van 6 april. Die metingen gebeurden op 14 maart, 10 april en 11 april. Wetenschappers buigen zich nog over de ware aard van de detectie.
Van de vermoede eerst gedetecteerde beving op Mars bestaat ook een audio-opname.
Het was een ufo die eruit zag zoals op de volgende foto, die al eerder op talloze plaatsen is waargenomen.
Dit schip was niet alleen te zien boven Peking, maar zelfs op een afstand van 100 kilometer van de Chinese hoofdstad werd deze ufo waargenomen.
De ufo verscheen als uit het niets en leek geen geluid te maken.
De waarneming is echt, want er zijn talloze getuigen die deze vreemde lichten hebben gezien.
De vorige keer dat dit ruimteschip door heel veel mensen werd waargenomen was in oktober vorig jaar. Hierna een deel uit een artikel waaruit duidelijk wordt dat dit object veel overeenkomsten vertoont met wat nu in China wordt waargenomen:
We zijn nu inmiddels een week verder en weer is er een waarneming van hetzelfde object.
Het is ontegenzeglijk hetzelfde als het eerdere object, maar wat het is, is een volkomen raadsel. Een buitenaards ruimteschip of, zo blijkt later, een geweldig grote drone die misschien voor een marketingcampagne wordt gebruikt. De tijd zal het leren, hopen we.
Update: 22 september 2018:
De avond voordat de getuige de bijzondere opname maakte van een ruimteschip dat boven de weg hing, is datzelfde object ook door een andere getuige op video vastgelegd.
Dit gebeurde bij de Shakopee Archery Range, eveneens in Minnesota en op ongeveer 85 kilometer afstand van de eerste waarneming.
Er bestaat geen enkele twijfel dat het om hetzelfde object gaat. Maar wat is het?
Origineel artikel: 17 september 2018
Wanneer je ’s avonds laat naar huis rijdt in het donker en je ziet opeens iets vreemds in de lucht, dan doet dat heel onwerkelijk aan.
Maar, als je het met je eigen ogen ziet en je slaagt er ook nog eens in om dit object te fotograferen, dan wordt het wel heel echt. Het volgende voorval speelde zich af op 14 september 2018 in Stillwater in de Amerikaanse staat Minnesota en is ingediend bij Mufon onder nummer 94921.
Een man reed samen met zijn vriendin naar huis toen ze plotseling iets vreemds boven de weg zagen.
De getuige is er absoluut van overtuigd dat het geen weerspiegeling of iets dergelijks is omdat nadat dit object een minuut of vier boven de weg had gehangen, dit opeens met grote snelheid wegvloog. Iets dat door hem en zijn vriendin beiden is gezien.
Ufoloog Scott Waring is heel benieuwd of er die avond ergens in de buurt mensen zijn vermist of tijdelijk zoek geweest zijn. Hij denkt namelijk dat wanneer een ruimteschip zo dichtbij de weg komt er een reden voor moet zijn. En die reden zou heel goed kunnen zijn dat ze van plan waren om één of meerdere mensen te ontvoeren.
En zelfs daarvoor werd dit schip waargenomen en wel in Nederland in 1996. Voor dat verhaal verwijzen wij dit eerdere artikel.
En zoals gewoonlijk is er ook in China geen verklaring gekomen voor wat daar in de lucht hangt.
If you’re worried about invasions from outer space (or from inside the Earth or from another dimension), you may want to listen to what U.S. presidential candidate Seth Moulton (another one?) has to say about how he would handle the situation if he was sitting in the Oval Office. Will this become one of the defining questions of the 2020 presidential campaign?
“If you were president during an alien invasion, what would your strategy be?”
On the day he announced his run for the Democratic presidential nomination, Seth Moulton, U.S. Representative for Massachusetts’s 6th congressional district, was hit with that tough question by a Buzzfeed reporter (home of today’s hard-hitting news). While there were a few chuckles and tongues pressed to cheeks, Moulton called upon his background as a star running back for Harvard and a Marine veteran who served in the early days of the Iraq War and attacked the question straight on.
“I would not build a wall between here and Mars. I would not do that. No, you got to start — and this is serious, guys — you got to start with diplomacy. You always have to start with diplomacy.”
Seth Moulton
That sounds like a response that would appeal to a lot of voters, but would it appeal to extraterrestrials? And, if this were a movie, would it entice you to stay or head for the popcorn stand?
“I’d serve a beer and a burger, and then if the meeting goes well, that’s all good. If the meeting starts to not go so well, I’d say, ‘By the way, that burger — that’s the last aliens who visited.'”
Another response that would appeal to a lot of voters … although not necessarily the same ones. As far as movie scripts go, this might confuse some who aren’t sure if they’re watching a sequel to “Independence Day” or “Spaceballs.”
I packed you a lunch … don’t take anything from strangers.
While this line of questioning could start a trend – especially with calls for UFO disclosure, increased SETI activity, the Space Force, etc. – another presidential candidate has already made government disclose of ETs part of his platform. Andrew D. Basiago announced in his “Andy 2016 – A Time for Truth” presidential campaign that he was prepared to discuss his time travel activities, visits to Mars and other similar questions, but was never invited to the primary debates … which was disappointing since Hillary Clinton also mentioned opening the UFO files if she were elected. In the final debates, the two candidates could have been asked what they thought of Ronald Reagan’s take on an alien invasion during an address to the United Nations.
“Perhaps we need some outside universal threat to make us recognize this common bond. I occasionally think how quickly our differences worldwide would vanish if we were facing an alien threat from outside this world.”
What would Moulton think? He may get to debate the point with Andrew Basiago since the chrononaut is running again. What do the other candidates on the ever-increasing list think? This could make a great party game as well as a town hall meeting icebreaker.
Before they agree with “burger and beer” Moulton and his flippant remark to an ET, they may want to watch the Twilight Zone episode “To Serve Man” one more time.
UFOs come in many forms, but one of the most commonly reported objects is the ubiquitous triangular black aircraft. For decades, numerous witnesses throughout the world havereported seeing such aircraft, leading to speculation that at least one of the world’s air forces could possess or be testing such a craft.
That speculation gained a few degrees of legitimacy in 2017 when a patent dated from 2004 turned up online which appeared to show a design for black triangular craft similar to those reported in so many UFO sightings. That patent was reportedly filed by a man named John Quincy St. Clair, a shadowy figure who pops up time and time again in these types of aerospace technology patent stories. Is he a real person? Why is this mysterious patent in his name?
Triangular aircraft with lights at each point have been reported worldwide for decades.
Those questions remain unanswered, but this week several somewhat dubious outlets like Sputnik News have reported the discovery of another patent for a strange triangular aircraft, this time one that uses an “internal mass reduction device” capable of incredible feats of propulsion. The patent claims the inventor of this craft is Salvatore Cezar Pais, a name which also pops up in many odd and futuristic military patents. The assignee of patent number US10144532B2 is the US Secretary of Navy, who filed the application in April 2016.
The patent describes an “unconventional spacecraft propulsion system” which uses resonant cavities and microwave emitters that “create high frequency electromagnetic waves throughout the resonant cavity to vibrate in an accelerated mode and create a local polarized vacuum outside the outer resonant cavity wall.” The whole thing sounds quite similar to the rumored EM drive propulsion system which caused a stir a few years back.
A mysterious triangular aircraft seen over Texas in 2014.
The patent contains some fascinating statements about the significance of this system, through which “extreme speeds can be achieved.” According to the patent, reducing the internal mass of the craft would mean it’s possible to reduce its inertia, or resistance to motion. Doing so would allow the craft a level of maneuverability and speed not seen in conventional aircraft, potentially revolutionizing aerospace engineering as we know it:
If we can engineer the structure of the local quantum vacuum state, we can engineer the fabric of our reality at the most fundamental level (thus affecting a physical system’s inertial and gravitational properties). This realization would greatly advance the fields of aerospace propulsion and power generation.
The description of the craft and its hypothetical abilities should sound eerily familiar to anyone who follows anomalous aerial phenomena. The patent appears to be legitimate, but that doesn’t necessarily mean such a craft has been built yet – or is even capable of being built based on our current technology.
One of the largest UFO developments in recent years has been the release of footage allegedly captured by US Air Force aircraft as they attempted to intercept incredibly agile, otherworldly aircraft flying off the coast of California. Could all of these ‘disclosures’ of UFO encounters be proof that someone is already flying next-generation aircraft far more advanced than any conventional jet fighter, or does this patent merely show that US Navy engineers want to stay ahead of the technological curve and prevent others from using their own hypothetical designs if such technologies are ever realized?
Just five months afterBetty and Barney Hill’slate night encounter in September 1961, a similar incident occurred in the U.K. In this case, the witness was a man named Ronald Wildman. It was in the early hours of February 9, 1962 that Wildman had an extraordinary experience, one which led him to fully believe he had seen a UFO at very close quarters. So amazed, and even slightly unsettled, by what occurred, Wildman contacted the local police. It was via the police that the U.K.’s Air Ministry (today, called the Ministry of Defense) came to hear about the story. The press, who were tipped off by someone in the police, gave the story more than a bit of coverage, which led the U.K.’s UFO research community to descend on Wildman and pick his brains about what he saw, too.
Behind the scenes, the military was taking a very close watch of Wildman and his experience. That much can be proved: the old Air Ministry file on the man and his encounter has been released into the public domain and can be accessed in person at the National Archives, Kew, England. The Wildman file runs from 1962 to 1964 and is predominantly comprised of clippings taken from newspapers, from various issues of Flying Saucer Review magazine – which was a highly popular publication for UFO enthusiasts, particularly so in the 1960s and 1970s – and from other newsletters and journals on the issue of Flying Saucers. The file contains something else too, as you will now learn.
Exactly one week after the furor concerning Ronald Wildman’s encounter calmed down, an employee of the British Royal Air Force’s Provost and Security Services paid a quiet visit to the local police, to get all of the data they had in-hand. It should be noted that the P&SS was an elite arm of the Royal Air Force. Its employees typically got involved in the investigation of terrorist threats against the military. They were experts in the fields of disinformation and espionage, and are skilled in the domain of counterintelligence. That the Air Ministry felt it was important for Wildman’s case to be investigated by the P&SS speaks volumes for its credibility. With that all said, let’s take a look at the initial report prepared by P&SS officer Sergeant C.J. Perry. He wrote:
“At Aylesbury on 16th February 1962, at 1530 hrs., I visited the Civil Police and requested information on an alleged ‘Flying Saucer’ incident. I was afforded every facility by the Civil Police authorities and although no official report had been made, details of the incident were recorded in the Station Occurrence book. The details are as follows: Mr. Ronald Wildman of Luton, a car collection driver, was traveling along the Aston Clinton road at about 0330 hrs. on 9th February 1962 when he came upon an object like a hovercraft flying approximately 30 feet above the road surface. As he approached he was traveling at 40 mph but an unknown force slowed him down to 20 mph over a distance of 400 yrd., then the object suddenly flew off. He described the object as being about 40 feet wide, oval in shape with a number of small portholes around the bottom edge. It emitted a fluorescent glow but was otherwise not illuminated. Mr. Wildman reported the incident to a police patrol who notified the Duty Sergeant, Sergeant Schofield. A radio patrol car was dispatched to the area but no further trace of the ‘Flying Saucer’ was seen. It was the opinion of the local police that the report by Mr. Wildman was perfectly genuine and the experience was not a figment of imagination. They saw that he was obviously shaken. I spoke to Sergeant Schofield and one of the Constables to whom the incident was reported. Both were convinced that Mr. Wildman was genuinely upset by his experience.”
As interesting as the above report certainly is, a follow-up report from Sergeant Perry reveals something more. It’s something that is presented only as a passing reference, but which – from the perspective of the story you are reading – is incredibly important. Following a return visit to see Sergeant Schofield, Sergeant Perry wrote in his report that the police had failed to mention one particular thing in the initial discussion. At the time, the police didn’t feel it was too important. Namely, that when he spoke with the police, Ronald Wildman was “muddled about the time.” Regrettably, these four words are not expanded on, but as brief as they are, they suggest there was some degree of missing hours; that Wildman believed the time-frame of the encounter was very different to what it reallywas.
There is one more important factor in this story: copies of Sergeant Schofield’s report on the Wildman incident were copied to a division of the Air Ministry called A.I. (Tech) 5(b). The “A.I.” stands for “Air Intelligence.” Many years ago A.I. (Tech) 5(b) was absorbed into the Ministry of Defense’s Defense Intelligence Staff. For a case which involved a man whose car was briefly affected by a close encounter with a UFO, this is an extraordinary high degree of interest – all displayed by covert branches of the U.K.’s military and intelligence services.
Linda Moulten Howe: 84 Year Old Roswell Worker Spills All To Nurse
Linda Moulten Howe: 84 Year Old Roswell Worker Spills All To Nurse
Linda Moulten Howe and Marfoogle TV getting heavy into the Roswell subject like never before. I’ve heard so many theories of Roswell.
Drugs and MK Ultra conducted on Military personal when too close to something they do not want out. I think this old guy had a relapse under those drugs and probably seen something that he was supposed to forget.
They are not aliens they are demons. The government wants to push that narrative because when the Rapture happens that’s how they will explain what happened to the people taken in the Rapture The aliens took them. D.L.
In mid-1947, a United States Army Air Forces balloon crashed at a ranch near Roswell, New Mexico. Following wide initial interest in the crashed “flying disc”, the US military stated that it was merely a conventional weather balloon. Wikipedia
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Confirmed! Multiple ET Bases on Earth Stargate Program Declassified
Confirmed! Multiple ET Bases on Earth Stargate Program Declassified
A former employ of the US governments top secret program in the late 1980s, Lyn Buchanan became known to the public when declassified documents of the US governments Remote Viewing project came to light.
The program used CRV (controlled Remote Viewing) which was focused on specific targets and locations to gather intel.
Basically, Lyn uses his focused thoughts and energy to learn about targets. This is very similar to telepathy. If he used it to send a mental message it would be telepathy. His training made him possibly the best in the world at this area.
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Potential for Life On Other Planets In Milky Way Revealed in New Study
Potential for Life On Other Planets In Milky Way Revealed in New Study
One of the conditions for the emergence and persistence of life on Earth is the existence of geological activity such as earthquakes and volcanoes.
Volcanic activity caused by the movement of tectonic plates over the mantle (plate tectonics) recycles gases such as carbon dioxide through the mantle, crust, atmosphere and oceans, helping to keep the planet habitable by maintaining temperatures at ideal levels for the survival of living beings, scientists explain.
A study conducted by Brazil’s National Space Research Institute (INPE) suggests our galaxy, the Milky Way, contains other rocky planets with a high probability of having plate tectonics, increasing the chances that they are habitable.Researchers have found evidence of the existence of rocky exoplanets with a high probability of having plate tectonics, increasing the likelihood that they are habitable
Credit: R. Hurt / NASA
The study was supported by FAPESP. The results have been published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS).
“We found that geological conditions favorable to the emergence and maintenance of life exist on rocky planets, that life may exist throughout the Milky Way and that it may have originated at any time during our galaxy’s evolution,” said Jorge Luis Melendez Moreno, a professor at the University of São Paulo’s Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences (IAG-USP) in Brazil and one of the authors of the study.
Scientists at other research institutions in Brazil and abroad also participated in the study.
They determined the surface parameters, masses and ages of 53 solar twins located at different points in the Milky Way. They also analyzed the chemical composition of these stars, called solar twins because their temperature, gravity and surface chemistry are similar to those of our Sun. The aim of the study was to discover whether potentially habitable rocky planets also orbit around the stars in question.
The analysis was performed using a spectrograph called HARPS (High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher) installed on the 3.6 m telescope operated by the European Southern Observatory (ESO) at the La Silla facility in Chile. The instrument measures the electromagnetic spectra of the “colors” emitted by celestial bodies, from shorter (ultraviolet) to longer (infrared) wavelengths.
The findings showed that the stars contain an abundance of thorium, a radioactive element with isotopes that split owing to atomic instability into smaller isotopes, emitting energy in a process called radioactive decay.
The energy released by the decay of unstable isotopes – not only thorium but also other radioactive elements such as uranium and potassium – gives rise to Earth’s mantle convection and tectonic activity. Part of the planet’s internal heat is a remnant of the primordial heat from its formation, but at least half is due to radioactive energy.
Thus, the initial levels of these radioactive elements in a rocky exoplanet contribute indirectly to the habitability of its surface, especially given the long time they take to decay, on the scale of billions of years, the researchers explained.
“The thorium levels we measured in these solar twins point to a sufficient amount of available energy from the decay of this radioactive element to maintain mantle convection and plate tectonics in any rocky planets that may be orbiting around them,” said Rafael Botelho, first author of the study. Botelho is studying for a PhD in astrophysics at INPE.
The initial thorium abundances in the solar twins were compared with the abundances of iron, silicon (an indicator of mantle thickness and mass in rocky planets) and two other heavy elements, neodymium and europium. The results showed that the thorium-silicon ratio in the solar twins increased over time and was equal to or higher than that of our Sun since the formation of the Milky Way.
“There are signs that thorium is also abundant in old solar twins. This means the Milky Way’s disk could be full of life,” said André Milone, a scientist at INPE and supervisor of Botelho’s PhD research.
Contacts and sources:
By Elton Alisson Agência FAPESP
Citation:
“Thorium in solar twins: implications for habitability in rocky planets” by R. B. Botelho, A. de C. Milone, J. Melendez, M. Bedell, L. Spina, M. Asplund, L. dos Santos, J. L. Bean, I. Ramirez, D. Yong, S. Dreizler, A. Alves-Brito and J. Yana Galarza can be retrieved from: academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/482/2/1690/5134163?redirectedFrom=fulltext.
Star Wars-like Planetary System Verified as Most Interesting of Binary-Star Worlds
Star Wars-like Planetary System Verified as Most Interesting of Binary-Star Worlds
Astronomers have discovered a third planet in the Kepler-47 system, securing the system’s title as the most interesting of the binary-star worlds. Using data from NASA’s Kepler space telescope, a team of researchers, led by astronomers at San Diego State University, detected the new Neptune-to-Saturn-size planet orbiting between two previously known planets.
With its three planets orbiting two suns, Kepler-47 is the only known multi-planet circumbinary system . Circumbinary planets are those that orbit two stars. This discovery cements the system’s title as the most interesting of the binary-star worlds, and marks the first complete and dynamically full planetary system around a binary star.
A team of astronomers, including Nader Haghighipour from the Institute for Astronomy at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, have discovered a third planet in the circumbinary planetary system Kepler-47.
Credit; NASA
This discovery cements the system’s title as the most interesting of the binary-star worlds, and marks the first complete and dynamically full planetary system around a binary star. A complete and dynamically full planetary system is one that cannot have any more planets — like our solar system. Circumbinary planets are those that orbit both stars of a binary star system, like Tatooine in the Star Wars films.
Animation showing the orbits of the three planets in the Kepler 47 system.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/T. Pyle
With its three planets orbiting two stars, Kepler-47 is the only known multi-planet circumbinary system. The orbit of the outer planet of this system falls well within the binary’s habitable zone, the region where an Earth-like planet could maintain liquid water on its surface.
The planets in the Kepler-47 system were detected via the transit method. This method relies on small decreases in the measured brightness of a star (or, in this case, a pair of stars), when a planet passes in front of the star as seen from Earth. The newly discovered planet, dubbed Kepler-47d, was not detected earlier because its distance from its host stars means it produces only a tiny transit signal.
“We saw a hint of a third planet back in 2012, but with only one transit we needed more data to be sure,” said SDSU astronomer Jerome Orosz, the paper’s lead author. “With an additional transit, the planet’s orbital period could be determined, and we were then able to uncover more transits that were hidden in the noise in the earlier data.”
Artist’s depiction of the relative sizes of the three planets in the Kepler-47 system. The large middle planet is the newly discovered planet, Kepler-47d.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/T. Pyle
As is common with circumbinary planets, the alignment of the orbital planes of the planets changes with time. In this case, the middle planet’s orbit was not aligned during the first two years of operation of the Kepler Space Telescope. In 2012, astronomers saw a hint of the existence of a third planet in the data. As the orbit of the third planet became more aligned, stronger transit signals were detected, and the transits went from undetectable at the beginning of the Kepler Mission to the deepest of the three planets over the span of just four years.
“In 2015, we predicted the existence of a third planet in this system on dynamical grounds. It is great to see reality matches our prediction,” said Haghighipour.
The inner, middle, and outer planets of Kepler-47 system are 3.1, 7.0, and 4.7 times the size of the Earth, and take 49, 187, and 303 days, respectively, to orbit around the central binary. The stars themselves orbit each other in only 7.45 days. One star is similar to the Sun, while the other has only one-third of the Sun’s mass. The researchers were surprised by both the size and location of the new planet. Kepler-47d is the largest of the three planets in the Kepler-47 system.
An overhead view of the orbital configuration of the Kepler-47 circumbinary planet system.
Credits: NASA/JPL Caltech/T. Pyle
“The discovery of Kepler-47d confirms two of our predictions – first, that planets form around binary stars the same way they form around single stars, and second, that they too can form complete systems”, says Haghighipour, who has developed theories of planet formation and habitability in circumbinary orbits.
The Kepler-47 planetary system is an example of the diversity of solar systems outside our own. Despite having two “suns”, the entire system is so compact that it would fit inside the orbit of Earth. It is approximately 3340 light-years away in the direction of the constellation Cygnus.
“This work builds on one of the Kepler’s most interesting discoveries: that systems of closely-packed, low density planets are extremely common in our galaxy,” said University of California, Santa Cruz astronomer, Jonathan Fortney, who was not part of the study.
This research has been published in the Astronomical Journal, volume 157, issue 5, article 174, doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/ab0ca0.
The Flying Saucer Built by Otis Carr Was Real! Humanity Hoaxed!
The Flying Saucer Built by Otis Carr Was Real! Humanity Hoaxed!
Ralph Ring goes over the incredible story of Otis Carr and how he built a real working flying saucer! This testimony completely destroys the hoax of needing rockets to get into space. We’ve been told since this lie since we were children and they’re still lying to us! This story also destroys the other lie they told us about needing oil and nuclear power to power our homes and automobiles! Trump should unveil this technology to the public 90 days before the 2020 election and destroy the evil forces against him!
Otis Carr met Nikola Tesla when he was in school and working as a clerk in the New Yorker hotel. At this time, Tesla had become disillusioned with the world after JP Morgan shut down his dream of providing free energy to the masses. By the way, if the evil Rothschild and Rockefeller bloodlines were replaced with the Tesla bloodline we would already be living a Star Trek like future with free energy, levitation and a clean planet with unlimited resources! Instead all of this incredible technology is secretly locked away powering the deep underground bases and in the secret space programs exploring the universe and colonizing other planets and moons. All this is going on while the “free range slaves” have to watch ridiculous Fake News and see hideous demonic monsters like Nancy Pelosi and Chuck Shumer on our television screens! It’s really sick when you know the truth!
But anyway, sorry I got off on a rant there, let’s get back to the good stuff. Otis Car was like a sponge and soaked in everything Nikola Tesla could teach him! Tesla made Carr promise to carry on his work and try to get the information out in his time and to keep passing on the secrets! So Carr did as he was instructed. He got his own lab and began to experiment with free energy devices and built small flying saucers that levitated magnetically! He went to the patent office but they told him they would not grant him a patent unless he took out the levitating part and anchored it to the ground! That shows you what a complete fraud the US Patent system has always been! Now the US Patent office is run by the British SERCO company and all the patents go straight to the Queen!
The person speaking in the two videos above is Ralph Ring who worked with Otis Ring. He flew one of the flying saucer craft over 10 miles! It went so fast it warped time for the occupants and they didn’t even realize they had traveled this far until later on when the memory came back. They were working with some very advanced stuff that allowed them to control the craft with their mind! Eventually during the late 1950s the US Government raided Carr and told him he would not be allowed to continue his work because it was a threat to the “US monetary system”! It was only a threat to those who have enslaved the planet! The US government already had much better technology working by then I’m sure and the hidden controllers could never allow a private citizen to bring out the truth!
Ralph Ring tells the incredible story about the flying saucer in the videos above and in the article on Project Camelot linked below.
When recalling the heady events of the late 1950s working day and night with Carr, Ring again and again stressed that the key was working with nature. “Resonance“, he would emphasize repeatedly. “You have to work with nature, not against her.” He described how when the model disks were powered up and reached a particular rotational speed, “…the metal turned to Jell-o. You could push your finger right into it. It ceased to be solid. It turned into another form of matter, which was as if it was not entirely here in this reality. That’s the only way I can attempt to describe it. It was uncanny, one of the weirdest sensations I’ve ever felt.
What was it like working with Carr? “He was an unquestioned genius. Tesla had recognized his quality immediately and had taught him everything he knew. He was inspired, and – like Tesla – seemed to know exactly what to do to get something to work. He was a private man and was also very metaphysical in his thinking. I think the fact that he was not formally trained in physics helped him. He was not constrained by any preconceived ideas. As crazy as it sounds now, he was determined to fly to the moon and really believed it could be done. I believed it. We all did.”
“…I was completely astonished when we realized that we had returned with samples of rocks and plants from our destination. It was a dramatic success. It was more like a kind of teleportation.” Did the craft fly? “Fly is not the right word. It traversed distance. It seemed to take no time. I was with two other engineers when we piloted the 45′ craft about ten miles. I thought it hadn’t moved – I thought it had failed. I was completely astonished when we realized that we had returned with samples of rocks and plants from our destination. It was a dramatic success. It was more like a kind of teleportation.
“What’s more, time was distorted somehow. We felt we were in the craft about fifteen or twenty minutes. We were told afterwards that we’d been carefully timed as having been in the craft no longer than three or four minutes. I still have no complete idea how it worked. We just built it exactly according to Carr’s instructions. Everything had to be perfect… it all had to be just so, or it he said it would not work: a kind of symbiotic state between man and machine.
“The Utron was the key to it all. Carr said it accumulated energy because of its shape, and focused it, and also responded to our conscious intentions. When we operated the machine, we didn’t work any controls. We went into a kind of meditative state and all three of us focused our intentions on the effect we wanted to achieve. It sounds ridiculous, I know. But that’s what we did, and that’s what worked. Carr had tapped into some principle which is not understood, in which consciousness melds with engineering to create an effect. You can’t write that into equations. I have no idea how he knew it would work. But it did.
“…there are two secrets to making the alien saucers work. One is their advanced engineering, and the other is their mental ability.” “I’ve lost count of the number of people who have refused to believe what happened. I no longer talk about it. It’s no fun being laughed at and ridiculed. But I’ve described it exactly as it occurred. One day someone will build the disk just as we did and they’ll have the same experience. All his blueprints still exist. Nowadays, it would all be done with digital and solid state circuitry – no moving parts would be necessary.
“I’ve heard that the aliens use the same principle to operate their craft. Their physics seems to work in harness with their consciousness. The craft amplifies the power of their minds. Their craft won’t operate without the pilots. I’ve heard that’s why we can’t operate their craft – or, at any rate, we can’t operate them the way they do. We’re just not adept enough mentally and spiritually. So there are two secrets to making the saucers work. One is the advanced engineering, and the other is the mental and spiritual ability. We may have duplicated some of the first, but we may be a long way from the second yet.”
Listen to the riveting testimony of Ralph Ring and if you believe him as as I do please share this information with as many others as possible through email and social networks. It’s up to all of us to expose the lies we’ve been told on our TVs and in our schools. We’re not going to take their lies anymore. Trump was the first President to expose the fake news but he just cracked open the door and showed a tiny bit of truth. Now it’s time for all of us to kick in the door with millions of boots! Keep spreading the truth out there patriots!
Saturn occultation by the moon captured from South Africa
Saturn occultation by the moon captured from South Africa
Stunning footage reveals the moment the moon appears to SWALLOW Saturn before it re-emerges almost two hours later on March 29, 2019.
A space phenomenon which saw the moon 'swallow' the gas giant Saturn has been captured in stunning footage.
The bizarre event saw the ringed planet eventually re-emerge from the other side of the moon - completing a process called occultation.
This celestial event lasted for 1 hour 44 minutes and was captured by photographer Cory Schmitz in Johannesburg.
Schmitz: The raw view through my planetary imaging telescope from South Africa of the Saturn conjunction and occultation by Earth's moon on March 29, 2019.
I found this white structure in a NASA moon photo last night and just wanted to share it with everyone. The structure has 90 degree angles and you can also see its incredible thickness. This is a ship and a building combined. It wasn't designed for looking sporty or for battle, but instead appears to be made mostly for being a mobile home of sorts, able to move from planet to moon at a whim. A lot of people say these are mining structure, but I honestly don't think that aliens need this many mining structures and I never see dug out hole areas, like earths mines make. What its doing and if anyone is still occupying it...we may never know. Scott C. Waring
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:Ruins, strange artifacts on other planets, moons, ed ( Fr, EN, NL )
TR3B Military Experimental Craft Sighted Over Manitoba, Canada On April 21, 2019, Video UFO Sighting News.
TR3B Military Experimental Craft Sighted Over Manitoba, Canada On April 21, 2019, Video UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: April 21, 2019
Location of sighting:Manitoba, Canada
This particular UFO appears to deliberately move down into the cover of the clouds. The fact that we see a grey metallic surface makes me wonder...usually alien UFOs have up a shield when hiding...which is usually semi transparent. I do not see that here. Nor are they taking on the color of the cloud, which is odd, because the shield around the craft should be reflecting a similar color on purpose. I think this is a USAF TR3B experimental craft or one of the evolutions of that craft. Its appearance makes me think its a pilot from a secret military base who decided to see if he could get away with flying over a populated area. I have known many pilots in my day when I was in the USAF and painted B1 and B2 bombers. Right now I have a friend who is a general in Taiwans DOD who is a F16 fighter pilot. The pilots do get cocky, because its just a lot of awesome power for one person to have. So, I think this is just an USAF experimental craft with alien tech propulsion in it.
Scott C. Waring-Taiwan
Video states:
When Meem Bercier & Teo where driving on the way out of a town called The Pas in Manitoba they noticed this shiny silver Craft. She managed to film this clip before as Meem states "we watched it go up our Main Street."
Glowing Orb UFO During Sunset In Slovakia, April 19, 2019, ideo, UFO Sighting News.
Glowing Orb UFO During Sunset In Slovakia, April 19, 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: April 19, 2019 Location of sighting: Slovakia This UFO orb was recorded by Martin Mikuas of Youtube this week. The orb seems to be semi translucent and has an ever changing opal surface. These UFO orbs are seen around the world and could be any size from a baseball to a 747 size. I personally have seen both sizes close up, so I know such things exist. Outstanding catch. Scott C. Waring
Family Freaks Out Watching UFO Over Home In Thorton, Colorado, April 13, 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Family Freaks Out Watching UFO Over Home In Thorton, Colorado, April 13, 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: April 13, 2019 Location of sighting:Thorton, Colorado, USA Watch this video and listen to the father holding the camera while trying to keep the children around him calm. The family is taking about the UFO after seeing it fly into a cloud to hide. The UFO obviously sensed that it had been spotted, because it stayed there for a few seconds, the decide to leave to a larger cloud. Thats when the family really got excited and everyone knew from its speed, color and shape that it was an alien craft. You can hear one kid yelling, "where you going UFO?" This type of UFO is the most common in the Colorado Rockies area. White balls of light that change shape and direction fast. They are frequently seen almost on a monthly basis moving through the sky and mountain tops. Also the fact that its sunset, which is the #1 most common time to see a UFO due to the fact that anything flying will have the reflection of the sun bouncing off it at a 90 degree angle causing it to light up like a roman candle. This sighting is 100% real, and I am very excited I finally get a decent video of the Colorado UFOs. Famous for their white ball shape that changes shape and moves many times faster than a jet, changing directions suddenly. Scott C. Waring
Small meteorite impacts are releasing water from the Moon’s subsurface, a new study finds. Researchers now believe that a small amount of water can be found beneath the lunar surface, dating from the early days of the satellite’s evolution.
This oblique view of the Moon’s surface was photographed by the Apollo 10 astronauts in May of 1969.
When the Apollo missions brought back samples from the moon, researchers analyzed them and found that the moon was formed without any native water. However, a decade ago, trace amounts of water were discovered in the lunar non-polar areas, and recent observations by Cassini, Deep Impact, Lunar Prospector, and Chandrayaan-1 indicate the existence of an active water cycle on the Moon. In addition, an enhanced concentration of hydrogen, which seems to indicate larger water ice deposits in the permanently shadowed craters of the poles was detected by the Lunar Prospector Neutron Spectrometer (LPNS).
Researchers have attributed the origin of the water to solar wind and meteorites, but even so, it’s unclear why the water appears on the lunar surface in some places. In a new study published in Nature Geoscience, researchers propose a new cause for this: meteorites.
The lunar water cycle as proposed in the study. The cycle relies on a desiccated layer overlaying hydrated soils. Hydrogen from solar wind is the main source of water production. Synthesized water diffuses vertically, and can be sequestered in the hydrated layer or lost at the surface.
Image credits: Benna et al / Nature Geoscience.
Researchers led by NASA’ Mehdi Benna found that the timing of 29 water releases is associated with the Moon encountering known meteorite impacts. The study also suggests that a very small amount of water is pervasive in the lunar subsoil, where it was preserved from early in the Moon’s history. When meteorites whack the lunar surface, the impact brings out some of this water.
“We show that water release from meteoroid impacts is indicative of a lunar surface that has a desiccated soil layer of several centimetres on top of uniformly hydrated soil. We infer that the Moon is currently in the process of losing water that was either delivered long ago or present at its formation.”
According to their calculations, the uniformly present at concentrations up to about 0.05%. However, the water pushed outside is lost and never recovered by the moon. Researchers estimate that a total of 200 tonnes of water are lost every year.
These findings may lay the groundwork for future investigation into the origin and fate of water on the Moon, and might also be useful in the potential establishment of a human colony on the moon.
The study “Lunar soil hydration constrained by exospheric water liberated by meteoroid impacts” by Benna et al. has been published in Nature Geoscience. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0345-3
Archeologists are finding ancient ruins all across the globe, but the technology used to build these sites is much more advanced than scientists expected. In fact, these ancient builders used techniques that the builders of today would have a hard time reproducing. Find out more in our Ancient Aliens recap.
In various episodes of Ancient Aliens, modern-day experts have reviewed some of the ancient sites that still have us bewildered. They’ve commented on the complex architectural designs and compared the technology that was available in ancient times with the advancements available today—and apparently—not everything adds up.
It becomes readily apparent to viewers almost immediately that building these temples would be difficult even with today’s technological achievements. The Ancient Aliens experts, however, believe our ancestors had a much deeper understanding of both building techniques and aeronautical technologies than we do today—thanks in part to help from extraterrestrials
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Theorists suspect the source of that knowledge came from alien astronauts visiting earth from another galaxy. One cannot help but wonder if there really had been extraterrestrial involvement in our ancestor’s increased technological knowledge. And since we cannot re-create today what our ancestors built ages ago, then how on earth were they able to build these cities using only the rough tools available to them in their era?
Sites like Monte Alban—an ancient city in Oaxaca, Mexico—was at one time the center of the Zapotec culture from the 1st century BC to the 8th century AD. What makes this city so fascinating is the architecture of the ruins left behind.
the ‘Saqqara Bird’
some of the Quimbaya figurines
Jupiter of Olympus
The blocks used to build Monte Alban were cut and molded to specific mathematical equations. Those blocks were then stacked so tightly together that the gaps between the boulders were minute. Such accuracy is difficult by even today’s standards so how was it possible for our ancestor’s using less than basic tools?
Another example of unexplained ancient archeology can be found in the Temple of Jupiter which is located in Baalbek, Lebanon. It is a two-thousand-year-old temple dedicated to the King of Gods himself: Jupiter of Olympus.
The temple is deemed unique for its grand concrete pillars, mainly because the structure is set atop three-thousand-ton stone blocks. To put this image in a better perspective—the pillars of Stonehenge weigh about a fortieth of that. So, how were they lifted and how were they moved to the site?
The pillars cut from pink granite was supposedly brought in from the Aswan quarry in Egypt over nine hundred miles away. This begs the question of how three-thousand-ton granite pillars were transported across the 900-mile stretch?
Ancient scientists discovered the power of flight thousands of years ago
In addition to mastering advanced building techniques, our ancestors also seemed to have mastered the power of flight.
In 1898, a carved wooden bird on a stick is discovered in a tomb in Saqqara, Egypt. What is interesting about the discovery is that it doesn’t look like a bird. Its looks more like a model plane, because it doesn’t have feathers or a tail but what looks like a plane rudder or elevator.
There were hieroglyphs on the model that read ‘Gift of Amon’ and it was found with three papyrus scripts that included the phrase “I want to fly.” The Saqqara bird is 2200 years old. Yet, Egypt didn’t have that technology back then or did they? If they did? Where did the bird come from? And what was the reference used to carve it?
Ancient Aliens✔@AncientAliens
When you realize that maybe you should have paid attention in math class #AncientAliens
Flying from Egypt across the Atlantic Ocean over 7,000 miles away to Tolima, Columbia. Dozens of two-inch gold figurines called the Quimbaya (Tolima) airplanes were discovered in a grave. What is amazing is that the figurines not only looked like modern jet fighters, but they were also aerodynamically correct.
Two German aeronautical engineers, Peter Belting and Conrad Lubbers built larger scaled versions of the figurines in 1994. They didn’t change any of the figurines physical characteristics when they built the larger versions of the figurines. They just wanted to show that figurines were aerodynamically correct. Which was proven when they were able to make the model planes fly.
Where did the Tolima’s get their knowledge of flying machines and how did they know how to build them? Did these culture’s develop this knowledge independently and somehow we lost a chapter in our developmental history? Or did our ancestors receive help from ancient astronauts?
Further evidence can be found in the Kebra Nagast, an Ethiopian translation of Solomon’s dynasty. In it, the scripture mentions King Solomon flying in a magic carpet 60-feet-wide by 60-feet-long. He apparently, even gave the Queen of Sheba her very own flying carpet.
According to the Kebra Nagast, he routinely flew to different locations on his magic carpet. This is the concept for the magic flying carpets in the Arabian nights’ stories that are told today—which may be an accurate depiction of Solomon’s special aircraft.
Theories aside, we’re still no closer to learning where this flying carpet come from and whether or not Solomon pilot the craft himself? Either way, this ancient tale raises a whole slew of new questions.
What are your thoughts on ancient architectural design and Solomon’s mysterious flying machine? Let us know in the comments section below.
Ancient Aliens is currently streaming on Hulu. For more on this History series, follow us on the Hulu Watcher Twitter Account @HuluWatcherFS or on the Hulu Watcher Facebook Page.
An illustration of SpaceX's Crew Dragon, also known as Dragon 2 or Dragon V2, orbiting Earth.Kennedy Space Center/SpaceX via Flickr
On Saturday, SpaceX tested the emergency escape rocket system for its new human-capable Crew Dragon spacecraft, but an "anomaly" occurred during the test.
On Sunday, an unverified video on Twitter claimed to show the space capsule exploding during the test.
A test of the emergency escape system for SpaceX's new spacecraft designed to carry NASA astronauts into orbit went awry on Saturday, and an unverified video making the rounds on Twitter claims to show just how bad the anomaly was.
On Saturday afternoon, SpaceX attempted a static-fire test of the emergency abort system on its new Crew Dragon space capsule, which is intended for use byNASA's Commercial Crew program to ferry astronauts to and from the International Space Station.
Saturday's test, however, did not go as planned. According to a statement from SpaceX:
"Earlier today, SpaceX conducted a series of engine tests on a Crew Dragon test vehicle on our test stand at Landing Zone 1 in Cape Canaveral, Florida. The initial tests completed successfully but the final test resulted in an anomaly on the test stand.
Ensuring that our systems meet rigorous safety standards and detecting anomalies like this prior to flight are the main reasons why we test. Our teams are investigating and working closely with our NASA partners."
According to Spaceflight Now, the test "sent a reddish-orange plume into the sky visible for miles around," suggesting a fairly serious malfunction of the engine systems.
On Sunday, an unverified video circulated on Twitter claiming to show the results of that test. The video appears to show a large explosion in the capsule several seconds in:
Engineers had been optimistic for the colossal craft will fly for the first time despite delays caused by the weather.
The gigantic aircraft has a unique twin-fuselage design and six engines boosted by rockets.
The “carrier aircraft” will be able to carry up to 250 tons with a space rocket strapped between the two parts of the plane.
Alone the plane weighs 230 tons, with a wingspan of 385 feet, making it just under twice the size of a Boeing 747.
WORLD'S BIGGEST PLANE: Stratolaunch takes to the skies for the first time (Pic: REUTERS)
Stratolaunch CEO Jean Floyd said: “All of you have been very patient and very tolerant over the years waiting for us to get this big bird off the ground, and we finally did it.”
The firm reported the plane hit speeds of 189mph and heights of 17,000 feet.
She flew for 150 minutes before landing safely back at Mojave Air and Space Port.
"The systems on the airplane ran like a watch," test pilot Evan Thomas said.
DWARFED: Stratolaunch flies alongside a smaller plane during her maiden voyage (Pic: EPA)
JOB WELL DONE: Stratolaunch comes into land in Nevada after her maiden flight (Pic: EPA)
Her maiden flight was bittersweet following the passing of Allen, who had been battling cancer since 1982 before his death in October.
Allen had taken great interest in the project – regularly sharing updates on Stratolaunch on social media.
Floyd said: “It is hoped she will come into full operational service by 2022 – taking rockets up to the edge of space.
“Without a doubt, he would have been exceptionally proud to see his aircraft take flight."
MASSIVE: Stratolaunch will be used to ferry spacecraft into orbit (Pic: REUTERS)
It is hoped the plane will be able to launch spaceships as well as rockets, such as NASA’s space plane the Dream Chaser, by 2022.
The pane will fly up to 35,000ft before releasing the spacecraft it is carrying, which will then enter low orbit around Earth.
Two pilots and an engineer will sit in the right cockpit, while the left fuselage is used to carry data recorder systems.
It is expected to have a maximum speed for 530mph when it takes to the skies.
So far, most of the discussion has focused on how to make the Starship fly and whether the humans could survive on the surface, but there’s been little attention paid to what life would be like there.The Habitat podcastdocuments how six people live in a simulated Martian house for one year in Hawaii, a test designed to give NASA important data about living conditions. But six trained astronauts living together for a fixed period is a far cry from60people living on another planet indefinitely.
“I think it’s kind of incredible that the social sciences weren’t really into studying space issues in the very beginning of the space age,” Pass tells Inverse. “You had some psychologists that were involved, but the anthropologists, sociologists, political scientists, and others weren’t really on top of things.”
Pass, who received his sociology PhD from the University of Southern California in 1991, leapt into action in 2003 to create a website focusing on how sociology can apply to space travel. The institute was founded in 2008, and lists a number of academics as part of its research team. Its Journal of Astrosociology has already published two volumes.
His main concern, at least so far? The threat of social order breaking down and new movements forming form the remains. In his view, Mars need more input from the field of astrosociology before these missions could ever start.
Life on Mars: Feeling Lonel
One of the biggest issues with these hypothetical dwellings is the heightened risk of isolation. Trips from Mars to Earth can take between three to six months, and even radio signals take around 20 minutes. It’s not the same as spending months in the space station or on the moon, where communication can still pass back to earth quickly. Home is also a (relatively) short space flight away.
Martian colonists will not have these luxuries, Pass explains, which means their living situation will require much more careful planning.
“You can’t just throw a group of people in an isolated environment without any kind of structure,” Pass says. “Otherwise, you’re going to have chaos, a heightened amount of deviance, and dangerous behavior.”
The early inhabitants of, say, 10 people, could probably simply follow a command structure similar to NASA. But over time, a growing population would require the inhabitants to divide labor similar to villages on Earth.
“As the population gets larger, it also becomes more stranger oriented,” Pass says. “In a small group, people know each other pretty well, but then as a group grows, then it becomes a situation where people start to form their own social groups and relationships, and they tend to isolate themselves into those kinds of structures.”
For this reason, Pass is worried that some concepts for future Mars settlements don’t contain enough socializing spaces. A central dome would enable greater interaction, perhaps with a park or other amenities.
The Victorians built many of the U.K’s urban parks to rejuvenate the cities choked by the Industrial Revolution, moves inspired by the Romantic poets that prized natural beauty. With no breathable atmosphere on Mars, similar spaces could be vital to inhabitants’ wellbeing.
Life on Mars: Forming an Identity
In Amazon Prime show The Expanse, residents of Earth and Mars have formed such distinct identities and that they even declare war on each other. In his novel Moving Mars, Greg Bear even described a fictional national flag as a red circle plus two smaller ones on a blue and white background. It’s perhaps a vision not too far off reality, as the harsh conditions and shifting economic relationships change how the inhabitants see themselves.
“An identity develops,” Pass says. “They started off as being from Earth, but at some point think of themselves as from Mars. And so, you might have interplanetary relations between different settlements. Not only on Mars and Earth, but other places as well over time.”
National identity is a broad area of academic study with no clear answers. French scholar Ernest Renan wrote in 1882 that a nation is “a large-scale solidarity, constituted by the feeling of the sacrifices that one has made in the past and of those that one is prepared to make in the future.” Americans speak about the 1776 revolution as a nation-defining moment, while Australia focuses on the 1915 invasion of Gallipoli. Perhaps centuries from now, Martians will talk about the asteroid shower of 2090 as a pivotal moment in their own history.
Survival can help craft a narrative, but it’s not enough to shift power dynamics and create a government. Ernest Gellner theorized in the latter half of the 20th century that industrialization created the modern nation-state, while Andreas Wimmer argued that a more likely indicator was the power balance shifting from established regimes to nationalist movements. A Pew Global Research poll in February 2017 found that most in the United States and Europe see it as a function of language rather than birthplace, valuing it higher than customs or religion. Will Mars’ human inhabitants develop an identity through establishing these common grounds, or will their economic circumstances dictate their feelings?
“In the beginning, they’re going to be highly dependent on Earth for supplies and so on,” Pass says. “So I think that’s going to be a situation where there might be some resentment over time and they still need assistance from Earth, but the more that they can become independent, that’s when things start to change.”
This is part of SpaceX’s plan for the settlements. The first humans will be tasked with setting up a propellant plant to fuel the ships, establishing habitats and life support systems. Over time, once the humans’ needs are met, researchers would turn to completing experiments into the history and geology of Mars. This growing independence could change their perspective on the relationship.
This creation of an identity could shift the power dynamics in terms of the settlers’ relationship with Earth. While Pass notes that identities and subcultures can form out of any fraction of people, the unique conditions of Mars will likely make for much stronger ideas.
“I would think that ethnocentrism would set in down the line more,” Pass says. “As the population gets to a certain size, maybe 1000 people or something like that…they create a self identity, as Martians as opposed to Earthlings.”
Life on Mars: How to Run a Government
Musk told an audience at South by Southwest in March 2018 that he envisioned a direct democracy for the first few visitors, voting directly on issues instead of sending delegates. He contrasted it with the early United States, which necessitated the need for a representative democracy as citizens couldn’t communicate quickly over long distances.
“Everyone votes on every issue and that’s how it goes,” Musk said. “There’s a few things I’d recommend. Keep laws short…something suspicious is going on if there’s long laws.”
The early Mars inhabitants may not agree. Much like the identity, the resultant structure may emerge out of conditions that are hard to control.
“It all depends on who’s sponsoring the settlement,” Pass says. “If a religious group was in charge, then you’d have that type of structure, more of a theocracy. If you send military types, then you might have more of a military structure to begin with. But then if you just send average people, like MarsOne was supposed to do, then you have to come up with some kind of structure beforehand, before you even leave, because they’re not really used to governing themselves.”
Life on Mars: Preparing the First Visitors
This forward planning could prove vital to the settlement as the team lays the groundwork to send the first humans to Mars.
“The more planning that goes into it, the more smoothly things will go as a population grows and things become more and more complex,” Pass says.
Hopefully, Musk has worked out some of these issues before the first humans touch down in the next few years.
You might think that astronomy is restricted only to extremely powerful equipment and large teams — but it turns out that’s not always the case. Sometimes, little projects can have great achievements, too.
In this case, astronomers from the National Astronomical Observatory in Tokyo have discovered an object with a radius of only 1.3 kilometers, which lies a whopping 5 billion kilometers from Earth, in the so-called Kuiper Belt, near the outer edge of the solar system. To make it even better, the project’s price tag wasn’t astronomic, it was extremely cheap.
“We got top-notch results thanks largely to our ideas. Even little guys can beat giants,” said a team member.
Artistic depiction of the newly discovered object in the Kuiper Belt.
Image credits: Ko Arimatsu.
The Kuiper Belt is a circumstellar disc in the outer Solar System, extending from the orbit of Neptune. Pluto lies in the Kuiper Belt. The belt is also home to some of the oldest rocks in the solar system, and astronomers have long theorized that there are many small, kilometer-sized objects there, but no one’s ever found one. Until now, that is.
Researchers used a technique called “occultation,” which is fairly common in astronomy (with various setups). The method entails observing a large number of stars and noting every time an object passes in front of them, dimming their light in the process. The Japanese team placed two small (28 cm) telescopes on the roof of the Miyako open-air school on the Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, and monitored approximately 2.000 stars for a total of 60 hours. They managed to deduct the existence of a small object
The astronomers used 11-inch Celestron telescopes, which are worth about $3,000 each, as well as specialized cameras and astrographs. The whole project cost just a bit over $30,000.
“Our team had less than 0.3 percent of the budget of large international projects,” he added. “We didn’t even have enough money to build a second dome to protect our second telescope,” said Arimasu. The team also has even more ambitious goals.
“Now that we know our system works, we will investigate the Edgeworth-Kuiper Belt in more detail. We also have our sights set on the still undiscovered Oort Cloud out beyond that.”
Arimatsu also says that in addition to confirming a longstanding theory and filling an important knowledge gap, this also paves the way for more studies by teams with smaller budgets.
“The new (observation) method can broaden research projects by making them easier to join for amateurs and others.”
Hadden de nazi’s de beschikking over buitenaardse technologie? Dit geeft stof tot nadenken
Hadden de nazi’s de beschikking over buitenaardse technologie? Dit geeft stof tot nadenken
Op 12 november 1937 werd Wernher von Braun, die later de eerste directeur van NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center zou worden, gedwongen om zich aan te sluiten bij de nazipartij.
In 1944 lanceerde hij de eerste A4-raket, die later werd omgedoopt tot V2. Het was de eerste raket die de ruimte kon bereiken.
Hoe slaagde Von Braun erin om in slechts enkele jaren tijd de eerste raket te ontwikkelen?
Geheime wapenprogramma’s
Op 1 juli 1935 richtte Hitlers SS-commandant Heinrich Himmler het onderzoeksinstituut Ahnenerbe op. Von Braun raakte nauw betrokken bij dit instituut.
Ahnenerbe hield zich onder meer bezig met geheime wapenprogramma’s.
Von Braun werd technisch directeur van een onderzoekscentrum voor experimentele wapens.
Buitenaards ras
Sommigen zeggen dat Ahnenerbe informatie over onder meer rakettechnologie haalde uit oude artefacten die over de hele wereld werden gevonden en die gelinkt zouden kunnen worden aan een buitenaards ras.
In 1937 crashte een lichtgevende bol in het zuidwesten van Polen. Toen onderzoekers de crashplek bereikten zagen ze een schijfvormig object.
Antizwaartekracht
Nazi-functionarissen zouden het hebben meegenomen naar een geheime installatie, waar het werd bestudeerd door experts, onder wie Wernher von Braun.
Duitse ingenieurs ontwikkelden vervolgens een aantal revolutionaire luchtvaartuigen, waaronder de eerste stealthbommenwerper en door antizwaartekracht aangedreven schotelvormige vaartuigen.
When the discussion turns to using animal organs to replace human hearts and livers (and if it does, it’s time to leave that dinner party and head home), the beast deemed best for the task is the pig. In fact, pig heart valves are common replacements for human ones and a pig heart kept a baboon alive for 57 days. Once it’s determined how to prevent rejection (of the physical, not ethical, kind), you can be sure hearts, livers and kidneys will be harvested for humans. But what about pig brains? While even that doctor attempting head transplant might reject this idea, a new study has shown that pig brains can be disconnected from their bodies for up to four hours and then be reanimated. Can these pig zombies tell that their hams have already been removed?
“The intact brain of a large mammal retains a previously underappreciated capacity for restoration of circulation and certain molecular and cellular activities multiple hours after circulatory arrest.”
That’s how a real scientist explains “It’s alive!” The scientist is Nenad Sestan, professor of neuroscience, comparative medicine, genetics, and psychiatry at Yale University, who just one year after announcing the successful test of a system that can restore blood circulation to a disconnected (i.e. decapitated) pig brain. In that case, Sestan used 200 pig brains obtained from a local slaughterhouse, so these were brains already destined for the cannery (yes, pork brains and milk gravy is a delicacy in some areas) and EEG tests showed no electrical activity.
According to a new study published in the journal Nature, that changed one year later when Sestan’s team obtained 32 pig brains from a slaughterhouse, waited four hours, hooked them up to a new system which circulated a “restorative cocktail” of synthetic blood containing oxygen and blood and circulated it for six hours. Ten hours after those brains last told a pig to oink, they were tested and showed working synapses and some brain activity.
Were the brains thinking “What the oink is going on here?”?
“Restoration of consciousness was never a goal of this research. The researchers were prepared to intervene with the use of anesthetics and temperature-reduction to stop organized global electrical activity if it were to emerge. Everyone agreed in advance that experiments involving revived global activity couldn’t go forward without clear ethical standards and institutional oversight mechanisms.”
In a Yale press release, study co-author Stephen Latham, director of Yale’s Interdisciplinary Center for Bioethics, said the brains showed no brain-wide electrical activity and, if any did, they would immediately be anesthetized and the test would end. Of course, this is the U.S., not China where the human head transplant doctor is moving closer to human testing and ethics often seem secondary to envelope-pushing experimentation.
So, why did they do it? The tests prove that cellular death in brains occurs much more slowly than previously thought. This has implications in the treatment of brain injuries, in surgery on brain disorders and in helping stoke victims.
Do these benefits outweigh the ethical implications? The pig brains were kept inactive using drugs. What if the drugs aren’t used? How long could the brains be kept alive? Would brain functions improve to the point of consciousness? Would we eventually be able to find out what the pigs think about losing their heads?
When its comes to grey matter, there’s always a lot of grey matters.
In the spring of 1993, New MexicoCongressman Steven Schiffbegan to make inquiries with the Defense Department in an attempt to determine the truth surrounding certain aspects ofthe Roswell controversy of July 1947. In an 11 March 1993 letter to the then Secretary of Defense, Les Aspin, Schiff wrote the following: “Last fall I became aware of a strange series of events beginning in New Mexico over 45 years ago and involving personnel of what was then the Army Air Force. I have since reviewed the facts in some detail, and I am writing to request your assistance in arriving at a definitive explanation of what transpired and why. In brief, according to contemporary newspaper, wire service, national radio newscast, and numerous eyewitness accounts, on or about July 3, 1947, rancher William W. (Mac) Brazel found a large amount of unusual debris on property he managed northwest of Roswell, New Mexico, near the town of Corona. He brought his find to the attention of Chaves County Sheriff George Wilcox, who then contacted the Roswell Army Air Field, home of the 509th Bomb Group (Atomic) commanded by Colonel William H. Blanchard…According to testimony of the group intelligence officer, Major Jesse A. Marcel, he and the Counter Intelligence Corps officer in charge at the field, Captain Sheridan, W. Cavitt, then accompanied Mr. Brazel to the discovery site.”
Schiff continued: “Marcel testified that he and Cavitt found an area measuring about three-quarters of a mile long by 200 to 300 feet wide densely strewn with large amount of extremely lightweight, extremely strong materials neither could identify. Samples of these materials were flown to Eighth Air Force Headquarters in Fort Worth, Texas. A few hours later, Eighth Air Force Commanding General Roger M. Ramey told reporters in Fort Worth that what had been found in New Mexico were the initially misidentified remains of a weather balloon and its Rawin radar target. Recently, in written and videotaped depositions, Brigadier General Thomas J. DuBose, USAF(ret.), General Ramey’s chief of staff at the time of the incident, testified that the balloon explanation was a cover story.
“The inconsistency between repeated official denials and the public record and testimony of those involved has led to a great deal of sensational speculation and called into question the credibility of the Departments of Defense, Army, and the Air Force. Therefore, Mr. Secretary, I respectfully request that you direct such a review be undertaken on a priority basis and that a representative or representatives of the Department of Defense and the responsible Military Departments promptly arrange to brief and provide me with a written report providing a current, complete, and detailed description and explanation of both the nature of what was recovered and all official actions taken on the matter.”
Pentagon
On 31 March 1993, and as a direct result of this action, Schiff received the following reply – not from Aspin but from Colonel Larry G. Shockley, USAF, Director, Plans and Operations: “I have received your letter of March 11, requesting information on alleged events which occurred in Roswell, New Mexico. In order to be of service to you, I have referred this matter to the National Archives and Records Administration for direct reply to you. If I can be of further assistance to you, please do not hesitate to let me know.”
Schiff’s office duly followed this on 7 April 1993 with a submission of material to Rudy deLeon, Special Assistant, Office of the Secretary of Defense, who replied: “This is in regard to your recent letter to Secretary Aspin regarding alleged events which occurred in Roswell, New Mexico, in 1947. I, too, find these unexplained occurrences of great interest; however, these records are too old to be available here at the Pentagon. I would, therefore, recommend that you contact the National Archives for additional information, as I believe Colonel Shockley has already done on your behalf. I regret that my response in not more favorable, but I trust you will find this information helpful.”
Once again, Congressman Schiff’s office quickly sent a follow up letter to Secretary of Defense Aspin: “I realize that, after almost 46 years, it is a virtual certainty that all or most of the records concerning this incident have been archived. However, my staff and several independent investigators have conclusively established they are not in any of the unclassified, including previously classified, holdings of the National Archives. Moreover, it is my understanding that it is highly unlikely they reside in any of the classified files in the custody of the Archives.
“Wherever the documents may be, what is at issue is my request for a personal briefing and a written report on a matter involving actions taken by officials of the U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force, agencies under your purview. I realize the research required to uncover the relevant documents and related materials will take time and considerable effort, and I am prepared to wait a reasonable amount of time for this to be accomplished. However I expect the job to be done and my request to be addressed as set forth in the penultimate paragraph of my March letter…”
On 20 May 1993, Congressman Schiff received his reply from the National Archives: “This is in reply to your letter of March 11, 1993, concerning information about a UFO sighting at Roswell, New Mexico, in 1947. The Department of the Air Force forwarded your letter, and we received it on May 6, 1993. The U.S. Air Force has retired to our custody its records on Project BLUE BOOK relating to the investigations of unidentified flying objects. Project BLUE BOOK has been declassified and the records are available for examination in our research room. The project closed in 1969 and we have no information after that date. We have received numerous requests concerning records relating to the Roswell incident among these records. We have not located any documentation relating to this event in Project BLUE BOOK records, or in any other pertinent Defense Department records in our custody.”
Interpreting the fact that he was being passed back and forth from the Defense Department to the National Archives as stonewalling, Schiff once again determined to resolve the matter once and for all with Secretary Aspin: “While I realize that the Department of Defense, and you, Mr. Secretary, have been very busy in areas throughout the world, while also concerned with proposed changes in policy within the Department, I must insist on the courtesy of a reply to my letter, which is now three months old. To reiterate, while I am prepared to wait a reasonable length of time for the briefing I requested, I do insist that the Department do the research on my inquiry and report the findings to me. I also must insist on having my letters to the Department of Defense acknowledged and acted upon. I look forward to your response to my letters, and to the scheduled briefing. I will expect a reply to this inquiry by September 7th.”
National Archives
Nevertheless things did not go according to Schiff’s wishes, and as a result, he contacted the General Accounting Office (the investigative arm of Congress and which, today, is called the Government Accountability Office) in a concerted effort to bring the Roswell controversy to rest, once and for all – as the Washington Post noted in January 1994: “…GAO spokeswoman Laura A. Kopelson said the office’s investigation…stemmed from a meeting in October between Schiff and GAO Controller General Charles A Bowsher. Schiff complained then that the Defense Department had been ‘unresponsive’ to his inquiries about the 1947 incident…’I was getting pretty upset at all the running around,’ Schiff said, adding that at his meeting with GAO officials, ‘they made an offer to help.’… ‘Generally, I’m a skeptic on UFOs and alien beings, but there are indications from the runaround that I got that whatever it was, it wasn’t a balloon. Apparently, it’s another government cover-up,’ Schiff said. He called the Defense Department’s lack of response ‘astounding,’ and said government accountability was an issue ‘even larger than UFOs.’…He added, ‘If the Defense Department had been responsive, it wouldn’t have come to this.'”
As a result of Schiff’s efforts,
(A) the GAO duly launched an investigation and, on 28 July 1995, a report surfaced from its National Security and International Affairs Division that disclosed the results of that same investigation;
Strange magnetic stones found on the shores of lake Ontario
Strange magnetic stones found on the shores of lake Ontario
During his time along lake Ontario shores a man found some interesting rocks that do not fit the normal parameters of Lodestone or Hematite, there is no reddening of the stone and it is not black but grey.
These stones have magnetic poles and seem to be carved.,they are almost as heavy as solid iron.
Two Meter Ancient Humanoid Bone Found In South Africa, April 21, 2019, UFO Sighting News.
Two Meter Ancient Humanoid Bone Found In South Africa, April 21, 2019, UFO Sighting News.
Date of discovery: April 21, 2019 Location of discovery: Africa This ancient bone was discovered by Michael Tellinger of Youtube. He lives in South Africa and stumbled upon an giant ancient fossil of what he believes is a giant humanoid. I have to admit this does have the joint structure and the design of a giant bone. Remember that a fossil is a bone turned to stone, so fossils are rocks. This does have all the signs of being a fossil, but of what creature and what could possible be so big that it would have bones of such size? This does actually look like a hand or foot bone...so if it was 2 meters long, then that would make the person about 80 meters tall or more. That is huge, and honestly, this does look to be hundreds of millions of years old. There is no proof that this isn't a bone of a giant humanoid. But the shape, dimensions, and age seem to sway it to being real. Scott C. Waring Eyewitness states:
I am excited to share this beautiful fossil bone of a giant humanoid or some other creature found on 21 April 2019 among the ruins of South Africa.
I was looking at some NASA photos and discovered that this astronomy photo of the day was actually chucked full of aliens structures. I took the photo and added a lot of light to it so that I could find other objects in the photo. I found that Saturns moon Titan had long black structures behind it. So either NASA used photoshop on this moon, which I doubt, or Titan is an artificial moon created by aliens to mislead inferior species into believe its a moon. Its not impossible to tell. If you notice the green and red color behind the moon Titan you will understand that those colors must be coming from the black structures of the back of Titan, that the green and red colors would not photoshoped into the photo. There is no reason to add those colors, so I believe these to be alien structures. Scott C. Waring
Alien Ship Seen Leaving Mount Shasta At Night, April 17, 2019, Photos, UFO Sighting News.
Alien Ship Seen Leaving Mount Shasta At Night, April 17, 2019, Photos, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting:April 17, 2019
Location of sighting: Mount Shasta, California, USA
Source:MUFON #99821
Mount Shasta in the Wikipedia says, "it is often said to hide a secret city beneath its peaks. In some stories, the city is no longer inhabited, while in others, it is inhabited by a technologically advanced society of human beings or mythical creatures." It is correct. Even 40 years ago, yeah...I'm old. I was told as a kid he stories of beings that lived below Mount Shasta, One of which is suppose to be the legendary Saint Germain who famous for starting the new cultural Age of Aquarius, also called Master Rakoczi. Many people claimed to have seen and spoken with him on the mountain. I call it an advanced alien race that is spiritual in nature and mostly keeps to themselves below Mount Shasta. These photos are proof that the aliens still live within the mountain.
Scott C. Waring
Eyewitness states:
Hovering large light on Mt. Shasta w/cigar shaped oject below to the right & then the light took off and the object was no longer seen on the mountain.
TOP-SECRET GOVERNMENT INVESTIGATION ‘PROBED HEALTH EFFECTS OF UFO ENCOUNTERS’
TOP-SECRET GOVERNMENT INVESTIGATION ‘PROBED HEALTH EFFECTS OF UFO ENCOUNTERS’
Jasper Hamill
A top-secret US government research programme allegedly investigated the health effects of close encounters with UFOs.
The classified study was called the Advanced Aerospace Threat and Identification Program (AATIP) and investigated mysterious aircraft or other unexplained phenomena.
Official documents reveal that investigators studied ‘exotic technologies’ including wormholes, antigravity, invisibility cloaking, warp drives and high energy laser weapons.
Now it’s been claimed that AATIP explored the health ‘consequences’ suffered by people who witnessed UFO incidents.
Details of 38 papers published during the AATIP probe were released last year, although only a handful of the actual documents have been released to the public.
One of the studies was called ‘Field Effects on Biological Tissues’.
Nick Pope, who was head of the Ministry of Defence’s UFO investigation desk, said this is likely to be the paper which explored the health effects of close encounters.
Pope pointed us to an article published on Las Vegas Now in which Dr Hal Puthoff, a scientist who worked on AATIP, said: ‘We as part of this program looked at some cases that were really good from Brazil.
‘In 1977, 78, it was like Close Encounters of the Third Kind, a thousand pages of documents all done by the Brazilian Air Force investigative team, 500 photographs, 15 hours of motion film, a lot of medical injuries when people encountered these craft at close range.’
Pope told Metro the statement is ‘confirmation that the Pentagon’s AATIP program looked not only at UFOs but also at close encounters and alien abductions’.
He said: ‘I can’t prove it, but from sources close to this I’m almost certain that part of this work involved getting blood and DNA samples from close encounter witnesses – including at least one and maybe two witnesses to the UK’s infamous Rendlesham Forest incident.
A view of the oval-shaped UFO encountered by US Airforce pilots
This official photograph shows a craft moving at incredible speeds that was spotted by two US Navy pilots over the Atlantic'
‘I believe this was done in a way that disguised the fact that this was for a US intelligence program, with witnesses being told that they were participating in a scientific or academic study.’
The world first heard about AATIP following the release of footage showing an encounter between an F/A-18 Super Hornet fighter jet and an oval-shaped UFO travelling at astonishing speed.
Earlier this year, the US Defense Intelligence Agency has released documents which exposed some of the work carried during the top-secret UFO research project.
In a letter addressed to a congressional committee chaired by the late Senator John McCain in 2018, the DIA wrote: ‘The purpose of AATIP was to investigate foreign advanced aerospace weapon threats from the present out to the next 40 years,’ the letter explains.
A declassified document giving details of the research papers produced by AATIP investigators
And last year, AATIP programme manager Luis Elizondo said he believed there is ‘very compelling evidence we may not be alone’.
He also recently suggested mysterious ‘metamaterials’ which may have come from crashed alien spacecraft are being stored by the American government in specially modified warehouses in Las Vegas.
The AATIP programme was closed down in 2012, although the New York Times reporters that exposed its work believe it is still operational in some capacity.
Pope added: ‘There are clearly extreme sensitivities about human experimentation, and all this is – or should be – tightly regulated after the scandal that followed the CIA’s infamous MK-Ultra mind control experiments. I’m sure the rules were followed, but if AATIP did acquire blood and DNA samples from close encounter witnesses then I’m sure Congress will want to know how this was done and what was concluded. Hopefully this is one aspect of the ongoing Congressional interest in AATIP and in the phenomenon more generally.
‘Physical effects on UFO witnesses was one aspect of the MoD intelligence assessment of the phenomenon known as Project Condign, but officially titled Unidentified Aerial Phenomena in the UK Air Defence Region. I helped set up this study but had been posted to another MoD division by the time the assessment was completed.
‘One sentence in the final report read ‘The well-reported Rendlesham Forest/Bentwaters event is an example where it might be postulated that several observers were probably exposed to UAP [Unidentified Aerial Phenomenon] radiation for longer than normal UAP sighting periods’. If we can’t study the UFOs themselves, then studying the effects they have is the next best thing.
‘Obviously, that’s got to include taking a very close look at people who claim to have had close encounters, and perhaps even people who say they’ve been abducted by aliens. I told one such individual to give his blood and DNA to a scientist if he wanted, but to be aware that the ultimate ‘customer’ was probably the government. I even joked that if he didn’t want to give his DNA, he should be very careful about accepting a coffee and then leaving the cup behind!’
Despite myriad sightings of unidentified flying objects and alleged incidences of alien contact with Earth, so far we've put forward little hard evidence that we have intelligent company elsewhere in the universe.Chandra X-ray Observatory/Hubble Space Telescope/Spitzer
Given the infinite size of the universe and its age, it would seem almost impossible that intelligent life is unique to our planet.
In 1973 researcher John Ball of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology went as far as hypothesizing that aliens could be observing us like animals in a zoo.
San Francisco-based Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence (METI) met recently in Paris to revisit the alarming theory.
Although humanity has been searching for traces of intelligent extraterrestrial life for decades, we haven't found any evidence — despite the billions of stars surrounding us.
Given the infinite size of the universe and its age, it would seem almost impossible that intelligent life is unique to our planet — so why have we been unable to contact aliens as of yet?
In 1950, physicist Enrico Fermi came up with a possible reason why, which later came to be known as the Fermi Paradox.
The scientist hypothesized that there is, in fact, intelligent extraterrestrial life capable of colonizing entire galaxies — however, the quest for evidence to support this remains unsuccessful for various reasons.
Given the infinite size of the universe and its age, it would seem almost impossible that intelligent life is unique to our planet. ESA/Hubble & NASA, A. Adamo et al.
It's possible that aliens simply aren't able to understand us communicatively, or that they're too far away. There are also theories that we've missed each other in time, as well as the hypothesis that aliens simply aren't interested in us.
San Francisco-based Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence (METI), an organization committed to research and education on the search for intelligent life and contact with extraterrestrials, met recently in Paris to try and get to the bottom of why we continue to live in solitude in space.
Some have put forward the idea that aliens are around us as omnipresent observers
One hypothesis that came up is that aliens may well have acknowledged our existence and even observed us. However, they may have deliberately kept us at a distance.
A serious response to the Fermi Paradox was also put forward — and it isn't entirely new.
In 1973, researcher John Ball of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology put forward the theory that aliens might be "omnipresently" observing us as one might observe animals in a reserve or a zoo.
According to this "zoo hypothesis", there may be extraterrestrial scientists studying our culture and environment who don't want to make contact — which would explain why, so far, we've felt so alone.
This idea was recently revisited at the Paris-based workshop, where attendees speculated that aliens could be holding us within some form of "space quarantine" in order not to interfere with or destroy our small "habitat."
The prerequisite for this theory is that there's intelligent life beyond our planet and that its inhabitants may even be superior to us cognitively.
Considering the number of sci-fi movies in which humanity is overwhelmed by the arrival of extraterrestrial life and ends up reacting in panic or with aggression, the theory isn't a completely implausible one.
The Cygnus space freighter is seen carrying about 7,600 pounds of cargo during it's approach to the International Space Station on Friday morning.
Photo by NASA
April 19 (UPI) -- The Cygnus cargo spacecraft was bolted into place on the International Space Station early Friday morning, bringing 7,600 pounds of research and supplies to the station.
The cargo vessel was attached to the Unity module on ISS at 7:31 a.m. EDT, where it will remain until July 23, while flying about 225 miles above the Indian Ocean.
NASA astronaut Anne McClain received the Cygnus cargo spacecraft at 5:28 a.m. EDT with the International Space Station's robotic arm while the ISS was over France.
NASA TV provided live coverage of the event beginning at 4 a.m.
McClain was assisted by astronaut David Saint-Jacques of the Canadian Space Agency.
Space station crew members will begin unloading the cargo later today. Included in the cargo ship are several scientific experiments.
The Advanced Colloids Experiment-Temperature-10 will study the behavior of gels in microgravity. The findings could help material scientists develop new kinds of useful materials. Another study will test the effects of spaceflight on the immune systems of lab mice.
The rodent immune system closely parallels the human immune system, and researchers are keen to better understand the effects of extended stays in space on human health. Another study will focus on the effects of microgravity on the human vasculature system.
"The Vascular Aging investigation uses ultrasounds, blood samples, oral glucose tolerance tests, and wearable sensors to study aging-like changes that occur in many astronauts during their stay on the space station," according to NASA.
Cygnus was launched into space from Virginia's Eastern Shore on Wednesday. The cargo ship was carried into space by Northrop Grumman's Antares rocket. The launch was Northrop Grumman's 11th commercial resupply mission for NASA.
Once Cygnus is received and installed, crew members aboard ISS will begin unloading the more than 7,600 pounds of food, supplies, equipment and science experiments.
An artist's impression of ʻOumuamua, the first known interstellar object to pass through the solar system. (ESO/M. Kornmesser via Wikimedia Commons)
On a special edition of Endless Thread, host Ben Johnson (@TheBrockJohnson) talks to superstar astronomer Avi Loeb. They discuss mysteries surrounding the interstellar space object known as 'Oumuamua, why it could be a probe sent by an alien civilization, and how the scientific community should be more willing to acknowledge and embrace uncertainty.
This conversation is the second part of Endless Thread's (@Endless_Thread) coverage of 'Oumuamua and aliens. Check out the 'Oumuamua-inspired sci-fi radio drama "Stuck Between The Rock And Deep Space" for more.
Guest
Avi Loeb is the Frank B. Baird, Jr., Professor of Science at Harvard University and chair of Harvard's Department of Astronomy. He has published four books and over 650 papers on a wide range of topics, including black holes, the first stars, the search for extraterrestrial life and the future of the Universe. In 2012, TIME magazine selected him as one of the 25 most influential people in space. Visit his website for more info.
Interview Highlights
On The Mysteries Surrounding 'Oumumua
Avi: For one, when it spun around over a period of eight hours its brightness changed by a factor of 10. And that's much more than any object born in the solar system, such as asteroids or comets, that change by at most a factor of three or so. [Another weirdness is] the mere fact that it was discovered, [which] implies that the population of such objects is much more abundant than we anticipated. Unless of course it's on a very specialized orbit such that it's not a member of a population of random objects.
Ben: So the suggestion here is that there should be a ton of these and they should be somewhat observable, unless these objects are on a very special kind of predetermined mission.
Avi: Exactly.
"I don't see extraterrestrials as more speculative than dark matter or extra dimensions. I think it's the other way around."
Avi Loeb
On Criticism Received For Suggesting 'Oumuamua Could Be Alien Probe
Avi: To me, the entire discussion about 'Oumuamua is very similar to an imaginary scene where you see a cave person being shown an iPhone. And this cave person would look at it and think that it might be a rock. And then would show it to other members of his or her tribe and the people there would still say, "No, it's probably a rock and how dare you say something else, how dare you talk about something that is different than a rock because rocks are everything that we are familiar with." And so, to me, not even putting [aliens] on the table for discussion is a crime! Because if you look at the history of science, you know, Galileo Galilei argued that the Earth moves around the sun and he was put under house arrest for that. Now, this of course didn't change the facts. It doesn't matter what is being said on Twitter, what is being said in other social media or among scientists. This thing is what it is, right? And, you know, the Earth still moves around the sun irrespective of what the church said a while ago. And the fact that Galileo suffered for it has no relevance to nature.
On Uncertainty In Scientific Research
Avi: The most common phase in doing scientific research is dealing with uncertainty because we don't have enough evidence, enough data, to figure out the truth. And most of the time we are just conjecturing, assuming things and trying to figure out what is the truth. And it's similar to the work of a detective that comes to a crime scene and tries to figure out what's going on. And many of my colleagues say, "No, we should close ourselves in a room and communicate to the public only when we know the answer." I think that's actually the wrong approach because the populist movements that you see nowadays, they regard academia as the scientific elite, for example, because we come out with our results when they are finalized. [It's] sort of like lecturing to students in a classroom. I think we would get much more credibility if we were to show the process of uncertainty and the fact that scientists do not agree with each other when the evidence is not clear.
On Why Aliens Are More Than Science Fiction
Avi: I don't see extraterrestrials as more speculative than dark matter or extra dimensions. I think it's the other way around ... And the reason is that we exist and that we know that about a quarter of all the stars in the Milky Way galaxy have conditions similar to those on Earth.
Ben: This is essentially [the argument] that it's a mathematical impossibility for intelligent life not to exist.
Avi: Yeah, I mean if you roll the dice enough times obviously you'll get similar results. I don't think that we are special. My premise is based on cosmic modesty. And I think anyone that tries to argue that we are alone in the universe is showing arrogance. And moreover, I think that if we find an indisputable signal from an advanced civilization, we would realize that we are not the smartest kid on the block. That there are things far beyond what we are able to produce out there.
Ben: And 'Oumuamua sort of came by Earth on its way out?
Avi: Very close! Within a sixth of the Earth-Sun distance, and only then we could see it. So just imagine how much traffic may exist in interstellar space that we are not aware of. And my hope is that when we are able to exit the solar system, we’ll get a message back saying, "Welcome to the Interstellar club." ... It will change our perspective on reality.
Ben: I like the idea of this as a club that we would join, sort of like leveling up
Avi: Well that’s the optimistic view. Another viewpoint is that we don't recognize the risk and it might not be a pleasant surprise.
On Why He's An Optimist
Avi: I'm an optimist because I think in the big scheme of things, nothing matters. I think the universe is so big and there are many planets like the earth — more of them in the observable volume of the universe than there are grains of sand in all beaches on Earth. And, therefore, I'm not particularly attached to myself. I'm willing to take risks in my research because I see the big picture ... Let's just figure out the truth.
"It's similar to the work of a detective that comes to a crime scene and tries to figure out what's going on."
Avi Loeb, on scientific research
On Whether We Are Living In A Computer Simulation
Avi: I don't find this idea very appealing.
Ben: Appealing or likely?
Avi: I would find it likely if we see a bug, if we see stripes in the images that indicate something to do with the software malfunctioning. Otherwise it looks like reality to me and, you know, perhaps a student that failed an exam would prefer to think otherwise.
On Whether Time Travel Is Possible
Avi: That actually is a possibility that we should consider. It leads to logical inconsistencies, for example a child can go back and kill his parents and that is impossible potentially. But perhaps when he pulls the trigger nothing fires. So it's possible that physics allows for time travel in a way that will be self-consistent, [but] we don't know for sure. There are some theorems, some conjectures, but we don't know for sure.
On Whether There Is A Multiverse
Avi: It’s a possibility but I don't like it because it leads to intellectual laziness ... If you allow everything to happen, and moreover you have no way of testing it because you can't leave the boundary of our universe, then I regard this philosophical idea without any foundation in physics.
On Whether Life On Earth Came From Somewhere Other Than Earth
Avi: That's quite possible. In fact, we know that all forms of life on Earth have the same chirality, it's all left handed, the molecules [are] arranged in some special way. And one way to do that is by bringing life from outside and planting it here. What could do that? A piece of rock that flew from Mars, for example, landed on Earth. And we know that such rocks exist that could have carried life in it. But another possibility is directed seeding of life. You can imagine another civilization sending out life in tubes or producing life on a planet by sending 3D printers. And so it's completely possible. I wouldn't say it's likely but it's possible.
On God And Intelligent Design
Avi: I don't think reality is designed very intelligently, if you look at it. There are many things that could have been done better. And, as a result, I wouldn't assign it to a divine entity of perfect qualities because there are so many things that are just done wrong.
Ben: Which you could also call bugs in the system, which could also be proof that we're all living in a computer simulation!
Avi: Well, then I don't have high respect for the architects.
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Travel – 9 Most MYSTERIOUS Islands On Earth! (VIDEO)
Travel – 9 Most MYSTERIOUS Islands On Earth! (VIDEO)
Travel – 9 Most MYSTERIOUS Islands On Earth! (VIDEO)
Islаnds throughout thе world thаt аrе shroudеd in mystеry! From Mеxico’s crееpy Islаnd of thе Dolls to thе Nаvаl Bаsе on Diеgo Gаrciа thе historiеs of thеsе islаnds аrе full of myths аnd sеcrеcy.
“Islаnd of Socotrа”- Off thе coаst of Somаliа in thе Indiаn ocеаn is аn islаnd thаt sееms аs though it bеlongs on аnothеr plаnеt. Socotrа Islаnd hаs long bееn thеorizеd аs а locаtion for thе biblicаl Gаrdеn of Еdеn, аnd just by looking аt picturеs of it you cаn sее why.
Thе islаnd is homе to sеvеrаl spеciеs of plаnts thаt аrе cаn’t bе found аnywhеrе еlsе on Еаrth. Thеrе аrе thе Dr. Sеuss looking Аdеnium socotrаnum which hаvе big bulbous trunks аnd tiny gnаrly brаnchеs thаt sprout from thеir tops аnd bеаr flowеrs thаt аrе а mаrvеlous shаdе of pink.
WATCH: 4 Out of This World UFO Sightings Caught on Camera
WATCH: 4 Out of This World UFO Sightings Caught on Camera
Are you convinced one way or another that aliens exist? The above, created by The List’s Brian Corsetti, reveals four UFO sightings that have been caught on camera.
See what he has to say about each of them and let us know what you think!
If you love alien stories, you may want to check out some of the following:
At a while, you will come across a UFO. UFO stands for Unidentified Flying Object and they’ve been seen since the start of recorded history. Many reported UFO sightings actually end up being something as simple as a balloon.
A Startling Fact about UFO Videos from 2019 Uncovered
Some reports state it’s a ping, but others claim it’s a beep. They state it’s a ping, but others claim it’s a beep. There weren’t any reports of any crashes in the area. It’s so incredible fantastic that it cannot be adequately explained or investigated in just a single hub article.
The authorities would record the incident by making use of their superiors. The incident would draw the interest of both national and global media, along with numerous UFO investigators over time. The full incident appears to be one of double-crossing.
UFO Videos from 2019 – What Is It?
The events will typically have a superb speaker to provide you with the details you are attempting to find, and offer you the aid which you simply will need to be more recognized. If you discover that there’s an event in your future and you’re able to make the most of it, you must be sure that you’re doing everything that you can to bring as much details to your organization or individual life as possible. There are generally promotable events going on all of the time in various places. Think about the help which you’re searching for and you might discover that there’s a certain event readily available to aid you to be more prosperous in life.
If you’re interested in knowing more about it, you can go to the internet site for more info. The website also provides a number of other funny stuff alon with videos. There are several things you can do with an online social media site.
UFO Videos from 2019 Options
You may see the video below. The quick video below, for instance, is only one of several contemporary sightings. It, for instance, is only one of several contemporary sightings. There are several funny videos it’s possible to access on the item site itself. You may see the footage below. You might already have the videos that you would like a transfer over on your computer already. Funny videos in animation are also an extremely common search.
Using UFO Videos from 2019
You might look at the video below. You might take a look at the video below. You look at the video below. There are lots of finds of strange and bizarre objects made all over Earth. It’s possible to have a look at the interview below. It’s possible to have a peek at the interview below. Utilizing all your abilities to earn a situation more promotable for you will be something which you like.
UFO Videos from 2019: No Longer a Mystery
There are a lot of theories regarding what the main reason for the noise could be. Something that science alone can’t solve. The Einstein’s theory of relativity states that any issue can’t go past the speed of light. The theory that a number of UFOs are of extraterrestrial origin is known as the Extraterrestrial Hypothesis.
Alien Civilizations Are So Adavanced We Cannot Even Begin to Comprehend Them
Alien Civilizations Are So Adavanced We Cannot Even Begin to Comprehend Them
Philip Mantle is one of the world’s leading UFO authors investigators. It has become clear we are dealing with much more that Alien races with flying vehicles, are they inter dimensional?
Do they have the technology to appear seemingly out of thin air? Whatever the explanation for these UFO events, which happen across the world, it is clear from the cases that something quite remarkable and very weird has occurred and in many cases changes lives forever.
Once you have read his novel ‘ONCE UPON A MISSING TIME’ you will realise that the phrase ‘Close Encounter’ was not just a figment of Steven Spielberg’s imagination.
I found this ancient tech on Mars in four separate NASA photos. It appears to be broken off something much bigger and more complicated like a robot. Just look at it. You can see that so much tech was built into this shard. Not just built in, but on a nano scale. What I'm saying is that this small piece of tech could hold an AI conscienceless within it, alien software programs that could possible change our entire planet if it was in the right hands. I wonder what NASA did with it when they saw it? And if they had the rover look it over more carefully?
The skies above Beijing lit up with glowing areas of white light that seemed to have no particular pattern or reason. The lights caught the attention of most of Beijing, but it was seen by people that were 100 km away! That means the UFOs went to many locations, not just over Beijing. Also look at the photo above. The light is lumpy and contained. That means its not a spotlight from the ground. A spotlight would spread the light evenly in all areas and cannot make lumps like this in the clouds.
According to the video, the lights suddenly appears as a group of spots, and then spreads into a plurality of spots, and moves quickly, sometimes ring-shaped, and sometimes resembles a pattern, and sometimes becomes another irregular pattern.
Some eyewitnesses said that similar sightings of lights were occurring in different places in the country: "Shijiazhuang also has it." "Henan and Guangzhou can see." "Tianjin Langfang Shijiazhuang Tiandu with color, please explain?" "Zhengzhou also had some time ago." I thought it was a big corn light show , and the old family who were 100 kilometers away also saw it." "Why did you see it at the same time in the country yesterday?" "There is no similar light in Tianjin." "I saw it in Tianjin at 7 o'clock." "Shenzhen also had it last night." "Tianjin also has, around 9 o'clock, I saw!" Scott C. Waring-Taiwan
Of the many and varied documents that the CIA has declassified, and which reference UFOs, one of the strangest is titled “Somaliland President Egal Speaks On Mysterious Bomb Blast.” It was placed into the public domain in 1999 and describes events which occurred three years earlier. The document was shared with the staff of a number of facilities, including the Defense Intelligence Agency and Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. The CIA’s interest in the story came from a Focus on Africa production. The CIA secured a transcript for interested parties in the U.S. Government: “FBIS’ [Foreign Broadcast Information Service] transcribed text there have been reports this week of mysterious explosions in the remote eastern region of the self-declared republic of Somaliland. They apparently occupied in December, but because of the remote nature of the area have been slow coming to light. The blasts have been attributed to various causes from unidentified flying objects, UFOs, to rocket tests. Well, Somaliland Leader, Mohamed Egal, has been looking into the matter. On the line to Hargesa, Timothy Ecott asked him what he thought had been going on.”
The transcript continues: “Begin recording Egal: We have these mysterious reports from our nomadic population there, and then, I sent a four-man commission, two doctors, a veteran doctor, and one minister, and they have submitted to us a report, which is very, very alarming. They said that they went there almost a fortnight after this thing has taken place and the found most of the animals in the area are still in a sort of a demented stage. They were not grazing, they were just stampeding all over the place.
“Ecott: You said the animals were demented. What about the people living there?
“Egal: Some of them, who were very close to the area, have got skin rashes, and some of them are almost shredding their outer skin. There are boils all over the place, and some of them are having stomach aches, you know, and very unusual motions – stomach motion – and a lot of symptoms have been reported. We are sending back some doctors to actually evaluate the human damage and the animal damage that has been done.
“Ecott: Did anyone get an eyewitness account of what this explosion might have been caused by?
“Egal: The people who were there, you know, the stories they tell is [sic] that they heard no noise. Apparently whatever exploded was moving at a supersonic speed, because there was no prior noise or anything like that. You know, they just heard a very, very, very loud explosion which has taken place and the light, you know, the light of the explosion in the air. The area is so big that they didn’t have the capability or the time to investigate the whole ground and try and pick up any debris that might have fallen. They haven’t been able to do that.
“Ecott: Whatever your authority is claiming that this might have been, some of the news agencies are talking about UFOs.
“Egal: No, no, no, no. We are not making any claims of that or any fantastic claims like that, you know. What we think happened is that there must have been a missile fired from somewhere, which has exploded either deliberately over our country or whether it has exploded inadvertently, we can’t tell. So, what we are asking now, people like the English, and French, and especially the Americans who monitor the world, they must know what happened, you know. They definitely know what happened. If it was Saddam Hussein who fired the missile, it would have been in the headlines all over the world. But apparently whoever fired the missile is still in the good books of those who know, and they don’t want to publicize it. But we want to know what happened to us so that at least we will know how to deal with it.
“Ecutt: Is anybody offering you help to investigate and to look after the people you say have been injured?
“Egal: Well, we have sent it…yes…to the American Embassy. You know. We have sent it to the British Embassy, we have sent it to the French Embassy, and we have sent to the BBC, and to the Reuters and people like that, you know. Nobody has yet responded, but we have made the appeal and we are still making it.”
So read the headline in Mexican newspaper El Mexicano this week as farmers in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua reported the discovery of over 70 animals brutally mutilated by an unidentified-yet-eerily-familiar creature. Has el chupacabra claimed another victim – er, 71 victims?
It’s possible. That is, if the chupacabra exists at all. Whatever killed these farm animals, it wasn’t messing around. Local farmer Don Simplicio Martínez says that on the evening of March 28, 20 adult sheep were mutilated and left bloodless without a single drop spilled on the surrounding ground, all while their killer evaded detection.
Never underestimate the goat sucker.
Weeks later, Martínez was horrified to discover that the unidentified creature seemingly returned – this time for his chickens. The beast had to climb up a six-foot-tall (~2m) chicken coop and peel back the metal wire protecting the chickens before gorging itself on the blood of 51 of the hapless little dinosaur relatives. “Either it climbed or it flew,” Martínez told authorities surveying the ruins of his coop. A night watchman posted at Martínez’ farm heard the commotion when the mystery creature was sucking the blood from the terrified chickens, but reportedly decided not to intervene with his machete once he saw how large the predator was.
Local veterinarians apparently believe that a large canine was the likely culprit in these unexplained mutilations, but Martínez isn’t convinced. “The wounds of the sheep are like triangles in the jugular but without blood, with nothing,” said Martínez . “It’s not a normal animal because I imagine it’s a huge animal to remove the blood of 20 sheep, it’s a lot of blood.”
Docile, dead-eyed sheep are common targets of mysterious blood-sucking predators.
In February and March 2019, el chupacabra was blamed first for the brutal murder of a day laborer and later a teenage boy who was found dead after a dance party. Is the infamous goat sucker truly on the loose in Central America, or is this popular element of folklore merely a convenient scapegoat for any unsolved murders of either animals or humans?
Advanced Civilizations Flourished and Disappeared 13,000 to 10,000 BCE
Advanced Civilizations Flourished and Disappeared 13,000 to 10,000 BCE
COAST TO COAST AM. Damon T Berry says he has noticed a pattern in the archaeological record that indicates ancient man had more knowledge than is generally agreed by historians and archaeologists.
In the period from 13,000 to 10,000 BCE, Berry has noticed that many apparently advanced civilizations flourished and disappeared. He pointed to information that indicates the Easter Island Moai statues, neolithic cave paintings, and the mysterious city of Göbekli Tepe were all contemporary to each other in this period.
Berry believes that information was encoded into these places and their artifacts to give us clues on how to survive a global catastrophe by using ancient ideas and technology.
What Lies Beneath Area 51 + Man Who Spoke Out About Area 51 Has An Invention (Video)
What Lies Beneath Area 51 + Man Who Spoke Out About Area 51 Has An Invention (Video)
MYSTERIOUS crater-shaped hole in the ground near to Area 51 is “unlike anything ever seen” and has prompted theories that the bizarre crater could be an entrance to an underground military base.
A bizarre crater appeared on Google Earth earlier this week close to Area 51 and appears man-made with a strange tower emerging out of the huge ditch. The incredible discovery was revealed by Blake and Brett Cousins – of YouTube channel thirdphaseofmoon – who captioned the footage: “We Found Something Underneath Area 51.” In the footage, a large, thin object can be seen poking out of the middle of a large circular hole in the ground.
The shock revelaton has sparked a frenzy of theories, including that the huge tower inside the vent is the tower of a new top-secret underground military base.
Speaking about his discovery, Blake Cousins says: “Conspiracy theorists are going wild right now.
“This could be some sort of vent or a tower embedded within a crater close to Area 51. This not a natural phenomenon, it is quite a mystery.
He said: “It doesn’t relate to any of the other craters in the area – this one looks like a tower or a vent.
“It is a massive crater – the tower looks like it is dozens of feet tall.
“This crat
er doesn’t relate to any of the other craters. There is no measuring device coming out of it.
“There might be a base or something underneath. It has been dug out, carved out by humans. You hear about Area 51 as a massive city underneath the ground. This could be linked.
“It shouldn’t be there, it shouldn’t exist.
The crater is just miles from the top-secret military base Area 51, which has previously been linked to various alien experiments.
The Man Who Spoke About Area 51 And Was Ridiculed, Now He Invented A Car That Runs With Water,
Boston Dynamics Teases Robot Dog Army Hauling Truck as Production Underway
Boston Dynamics Teases Robot Dog Army Hauling Truck as Production Underway
Boston Dynamics has a motto on the front page of its website: “Changing your idea of what robots can do.” To date, that’s probably pretty accurate, depending on which movies you’re referencing. The company has previously released videos of its SpotMini canine-type robot opening doors, navigating stairs, and cleaning up a kitchen, all solo. Now, Boston Dynamics has demonstrated what the ‘Spotpower’ version of the bot can do when it comes together as a pack: march in synchronicity and tow a truck.
In a video published on the Boston Dynamics’ YouTube channel titled “Mush, Spot, Mush!”, ten bots are seen pulling a cargo truck in neutral up a 1% incline. The company website lists two similar versions of the Spot robot, the Spot classic, and the SpotMini, but not the variation that’s marching. The Spotpower version in the video may be a hybrid of the two, but not much information is offered; it certainly looks a lot like the SpotMini without the helper arm. Perhaps one is only needed if tire changing is in order.
Boston Dynamics information page further states that the SpotMini is the quietest robot they’ve built, but the eerie mechanical marching sound made while the Spotpowers are in motion is still loud enough to draw significant attention (or fear). Interestingly enough, the video description also notifies viewers that the Spot robots are under production and will be available soon. Could this be an indicator that we should be on the lookout for Spot ‘user experience’ videos to come?
SpotMini, the robotic dog. | Image: Boston Dynamics
Both the SpotMini and the Spot classic robots are all-electric, operable for 45 and 90 minutes per charge, and weigh about 30 kg (66 lbs) and 75 kg (165 lbs), respectively. The Spot classic is listed as having a 45 kg (99 lbs) cargo capacity, and the Spot Mini is listed at 14 kg (30 lbs) payload capacity. However, after this promotional piece, it seems that the stats need to be updated to include towing capacity.
The YouTube channel for Boston Dynamics is full of entertaining videos of Spot, SpotMini and its humanoid brethren demonstrating a dynamic range of task capability for the company’s creations. Spotpower coming to production means that sort of robotic flexibility will be ready to help with a variety of applications soon. Given what has already been shown, package deliveries, warehouse operations, and possible search and rescue missions may be what’s in store for customer use.
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Discovery of the World's Deepest Cave: Is the Earth Hollow and Flat?
Discovery of the World's Deepest Cave: Is the Earth Hollow and Flat?
By Lee Austin
Discovered in 2009, the Son Doong Cave is the flat earth’s largest cave. Translated as “mountain river cave” the Son Doong Cave is 5.59 miles long, 656 feet wide and 492 feet deep. At it’s bottom, is a large lake and lush verdant jungle. Son Doong Cave is camouflaged in the forboding Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, bordering with Laos. With over 150 caves it is an area difficult to traverse. After the first expedition, the explorers were stopped in their tracks by a 200 foot wall.
Could the Son Doong Cave be a microcosmic example of the hollow earth which opens at the center of the flat earth’s North Pole?
I have previously stated the possibility of a hollow earth being incorported into the overall structure of the flat earth. But what would that look like? Perhaps very similar to the Son Doong Cave. Image a much larger opening at the North Pole. Could this be the location of a magnetically charged, massive, toroidal vortex ring generated by a closed rotating curve, which generates the tidal fluctuations accross the flat earth plane?
The North Pole is ground zero and the main portal or entrance to the inner earth, which is heated from the Sun 3500 miles above the flat earth and the Black Sun 3600 miles beneath the surface of flat earth. As above, so below.
Another lie within the Heliocentric model is the geosynchronous moon causing the tides. If that were true the moon would also stimulate tidal fluctuations to the Great Lakes. It doesn’t. Because they’re not directly connected to the flat earth oceans, the Great Lakes are unaffected by the rising and falling of the floating flat earth, which is set upon the bosom of the great deep below. The variation in tidal height is attributable to the different configuration of adjoining lands.
Could there a direct symbiotic interaction between the oceans and the possible hollow earth? Perhaps the massive, toroidal vortex ring expands below the flat earth’s surface, unveiling a tropical other world containing different species of animals and vegetation unknown to our world above.
Again, all of this is conjecture. But when these theories and beliefs are compared to the outright fictional tales of the Heliocentric theory. The path of truth and logic points to a Geocentric theory.
In the Book Of Luke it is stated that there was a great chasm set in place that divide paradise. I believe inner earh is still divided. And below this potential hollow earth is hell, 3,600 miles below the surface of the flat earth.
Hell has a body similar to that of a human postioned on its back in the center of the earth. Constructed with multiple chambers of torment. The spirit of every human attracts like-minded spirits. It’s always been a choice between the Ancient of Days and Lucifer. Death triggers the manifestation of like-minded spirits, escorting each image to their diametrically opposed final destination.
We are not spinning at 1000 mph, while cruising abound a burning sun ball at 66,600 miles per hour. And this. non-ball earth is not tilted at 23.4 degrees. Which leaves us with 66.6 degrees. 66,600 mph and 66.6 degrees. 666?…. Open your eyes to their lies.
The spirit of Antichrist permeates the nihilistic,evolutionary Heliocentric Theory.
The sun and moon appear to move in the sky, because they do. The earth seems motionless, because it is. Your eyes are not deceiving you. The world is.
Lee Austin is an American Broadcaster. In 2018 he wrote “Morning Star’s Tale”.. a sci-fi novella.
Real Human Hybrid Programs - A New Race is Appearing on Earth
Real Human Hybrid Programs - A New Race is Appearing on Earth
As a Hypnotherapist, Barbara Lamb has discovered that several of her clients have suppressed memories of a program where their genetic makeup has been enhanced with extraterrestrial DNA.
Throughout her career, she has helped thousands of people revisit their past lives. For some of her clients, something extraordinarily unusual was discovered about their present lifetime.
Many have had encounters with otherworldly beings, and a number of those have had startling similar experiences which revealed that they have been subjected to extraterrestrial hybridization programs.
Barbara Lamb is a Certified Hypnotherapist and Regression Therapist who specializes in Regression Therapy with people who experience encounters with extraterrestrial beings.
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UFO Appears At Space Station Watching Spacewalk, March 29, 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Appears At Space Station Watching Spacewalk, March 29, 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting:April 20, 2019, but happened March 29 Location of sighting: Earths orbit at space station I was watching the international space station spacewalk with Christina Koch and Nick Hague, when I noticed a UFO in the far right side of the screen. You can see the edge of a disk and it rises, then stops, then continues to rise again. The people at mission control didn't see to notice the craft as it passed. Mission control seemed too worried about getting some repairs finished correctly. It looks like aliens waned to take a peek at what Christina and Nick were up too. Its not often that they get to see a human female making history on a spacewalk. For all we know, the aliens watching might not have a male/female species and may be very curious about how they work together. Scott C. Waring - UFO Researcher
Multiple ET Bases On Earth Stargate Program Declassified Lyn Buchanan CRV, UFO Sighting News.
Multiple ET Bases On Earth Stargate Program Declassified Lyn Buchanan CRV, UFO Sighting News.
A former employ of the US governments top secret program in the late 1980s, Lyn Buchanan became known to the public when declassified documents of the US governments Remote Viewing project came to light. The program used CRV (controlled Remote Viewing) which was focused on specific targets and locations to gather intel.
Basically, Lyn uses his focused thoughts and energy to learn about targets. This is very similar to telepathy. If he used it to send a mental message it would be telepathy. His training made him possibly the best in the world at this area.
Astronomer Photographs Edge Of "Huge Planet" Near The Earth, April 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Astronomer Photographs Edge Of "Huge Planet" Near The Earth, April 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: April 2019 Location of sighting: Budapest, Hungary Hungarian amateur and photographer astronomer Ivan Eder of Budapest was observing the moon when he suddenly noticed that a huge edge of a giant planet seemed to be revealing itself. The white edge appearing in the photos seemed to be that of giant plant revealing itself for a few seconds. Ivan couldn't find any rational explanation for the sudden appearance this giant crescent shape.
There are two explanations for such an occurrence. First the planet itself may be in another time line and is revealing itself due to a disturbance in the time line...like a black hole near it or possibly the inhabitants are experimenting with time travel. In other words, this could be earth from another time line we are looking at. I believe this theory to be true. The second possibility is that this is the ancient planet Nibiru whose orbit passes Earth once every 15,000 about. I hope its not Nibiru. The planet is said to have an incredibly ancient species on it that is using Earth as a experiment for studying stages of their own past. Every few orbits, drastic changes on earth are made. Species go extinct, and new species appear. That is why there are many gaps in the record of human evolution. As every scientist knows, scientific subjects like rats, dogs, cats used for testing, once finished, must be exterminated (killed), so that the lab experiment doesn't pollute other future experiments. Scott C. Waring-UFO researcher
The modern era of UFO sightings began in 1947 when Kenneth Arnold, a businessman and pilot from Idaho, spotted what he believed was a formation of flying saucers near Mount Rainier in Washington. Encounters with unidentified flying objects have been recorded since ancient times, but Arnold’s sighting hooked the American public. It was the encounter that launched a thousand theories.
The U.S. military attempted to discredit Arnold’s claims. “The report cannot bear even superficial examination, therefore, must be disregarded,” the Air Force Materiel Command wrote in a now-declassified document.
As reported sightings increased and UFO obssession spread like wildfire, its flames fanned by the notorious Roswell incident, the military attempted to douse the issue. A series of UFO studies commissioned by the U.S. Air Force culminated in Project Blue Book, which wrapped up in 1969 and found no evidence of the presence of extra terrestrial vehicles on Earth or in the skies above.
The Air Force clearly hoped to put an end to the UFO craze—but the studies had the opposite effect. Josef Allen Hynek, who had overseen the Air Force efforts, broke with the military, claiming the importance of UFOs had been underplayed. His scientific analysis forms much of the basis of modern UFOlogy and his close encounters classification system is the benchmark in grading the credibility of UFO sightings.
Experts warn that mundane explanations often exist for UFO sightings.
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In devising our own credibility rating system for UFO sightings, Newsweek built upon Hynek’s foundations. The astronomer and preeminent UFOlogist valued sightings that involved multiple or highly credible witnesses. We have also incorporated advances in technology into our scale. The advent of cameras and infrared devices on aircraft have presented new kinds of evidence for sightings.
The credibility scale works on a point-based system. One point is given for sightings with multiple witnesses, another for an expert witness (a pilot, air traffic controller, military or government official). One point is awarded for picture evidence and an additional point for film of a moving UFO. Unidentified flying objects can often be explained away as foreign aircraft, so an additional point is given for UFOs seen to be flying in a manner inconsistent with flight as humans know it.
Hynek also prized close encounters. Close encounters of the first kind—sightings of an object less than 500 feet away—are given one point. Close encounters of the second kind, a UFO event where a physical effect is felt (a car light breaks, extreme heat is felt, scorch marks on the ground), are given two points. Finally, close encounters of the third kind, instances where an animated pilot is seen, earn three points.
A system for removing points has also been incorporated to account for cases where military or government bodies have discredited the sightings. Three points are removed in these cases, as the baseline for credibility in the scale begins at three.
A group of protestors march in front of the General Accounting Office (GAO) Washington D.C. 29 March to raise awareness about an examination being conducted by the GAO for documents about a weather balloon crash at Roswell, N.M. in 1947.JOSHUA ROBERTS/AFP/GETTY IMAGES
The list of sightings analyzed with the scale has been compiled with input from the Scientific Coalition for UFOlogy. The coalition, which was started in 2017, is composed of 45 UFOlogists. Most of them either have backgrounds in science, the military or law enforcement. The body’s members have 11 Ph.D.s between them; one member is from NASA and another is from the European Space Agency.
Some 6,000 UFO encounters are reported every year, says Robert Powell, an SCU board member. “Ninety-eight percent or more of sightings are basically misidentifications and they are airplanes or Chinese lanterns or a variety of different things,” Powell told Newsweek. “What's left is cases where there is a lot of good information and you have some possibility of trying to discuss it in detail.
“In order to be on here someone needed to do work to investigate the case. If no report or investigation was done then it is hard to put a lot of stock in a case,” he added.
Experts warn that mundane explanations often exist for UFO sightings. Because encounters are unexplained does not mean that the event has extraterrestrial origins. “The overwhelming majority (typically more than 90 percent of these ‘sightings’) can be explained as due to prosaic, terrestrial phenomena,” Seth Shostak, Senior astronomer and institute Fellow at the SETI Institute told Newsweek via email. “Could the rest be alien craft? Maybe, but that’s like saying that the 40 percent of homicides committed in New York City that are unsolved could be due to alien murderers. Possible, but not likely.”
1. Roswell Incident
Over the years hundreds of witnesses have come forward claiming to have some connection with the Roswell UFO sighting.
ROSWELL DAILY RECORD
Location: Roswell, New Mexico - July 1947
Hundreds of witnesses have come forward claiming to have some connection with the Roswell UFO sighting. Books published from 1980 onwards have claimed an alien craft crash landed near a ranch in Roswell, New Mexico, with one or more dead extraterrestrial beings inside. The truth appears to be far more mundane. In 1997, the Air Force released a report on the 50th anniversary of the incident entitled: “Case Closed: Final Report on the Roswell Crash.” An article in The New York Times from the time read: “No bodies. No bulbous heads. No secret autopsies. No spaceship. No crash. No extraterrestrials or alien artifacts of any sort. And most emphatically of all, no government cover-up.”
Credibility Rating: -2
2. Kenneth Arnold UFO Sighting
Pilots E.J. Smith, Kenneth Arnold, and Ralph E. Stevens look at a photo of an unidentified flying object which they sighted while en route to Seattle, Washington.
BETTMANN ARCHIVE/GETTY IMAGES
Location:Mount Rainier, Washington - June 1947
Pilot Kenneth Arnold’s sighting of nine “circular-type” objects flying in formation at a speed judged to be more than twice the speed of sound gave birth to the modern notion of flying saucers. Reports from the Idaho pilot that he witnessed the strange craft while flying north of Mount Rainier were dismissed out of hand by an Air Force investigation. Until his death in 1984 Arnold maintained he had seen the UFOs. He told the Seattle Times in 1977: “I made my report because I thought it was my duty. It was the only proper and American thing to do. I saw what I saw.”
Credibility Rating: 0
3. Levelland UFO Case
A press cutting from the Lubbock Morning Avalanche following UFO sightings in Levelland, Texas.
LUBBOCK MORNING AVALANCHE
Location: Levelland, Texas - November 1957
Multiple witnesses reported seeing an egg-shaped object or a large flash of light moving across the sky in the small town of Levelland, Texas. One witness told police the passing object had interfered with the electronics in his car. The Associated Press reported at the time that a “mystery object” had flown around with a “great sound and rush of wind.” The sighting was later discredited by the Air Force’s Project Blue Book, which claimed the phenomenon had been caused by severe electrical storms and ball lightning.
Credibility Rating: 0
4. Stephenville, Texas, UFO Sightings
Location: Stephenville, Texas - January 2008
Multiple witnesses in Stephenville, Texas, reported seeing inexplicable objects moving through the sky or bright lights. The episode created confusion when the nearby Naval Air Station Fort Worth Joint Reserve Base mistakenly said its planes had not been active on the nights in question. It later emerged that military aircraft had been training in the area, CNN reported.
Credibility Rating: 0
5. NASA Curiosity Rover Photograph
UFOlogist Scott C. Waring claims to have spotted a UFO on Mars.
NASA
Location: Mars - March 2019
To test the efficacy of our rating system we applied it to a sighting by UFOlogist Scott C. Waring, who claims to have spotted a UFO on Mars. His sighting was publicized in Britain’s Daily Expressnewspaper. Waring’s sighting is reliant on images beamed back from NASA’s Curiosity Rover. There have been no human witnesses to the case, expert or otherwise, and the UFO is not shown moving. Even if we generously say that the picture is of an extraterrestrial craft, which is up for debate, this contemporary sighting does not score particularly high.
Credibility Rating: 1
6.The Washington, D.C., Flap
Officers of the operations,technical and intelligence divisions of the USAF are shown at a news conference.
BETTMANN ARCHIVE/GETTY IMAGES
Location: Washington, D.C. - July 1952
On two separate occasions Air Force F-94s were scrambled over Washington after UFOs were sighted on radar at Andrews and Bolling Air Force bases. The reports of UFOs disappearing or outrunning the Air Force jets cemented the flying saucer craze in the popular imagination. The unusual blips, seen by multiple air traffic controllers, cruised at between 100 to 130 mph before zooming off at incredible speed. At the time The Washington Post ran the banner headline: "'Saucer' Outran Jet, Pilot Reveals."
Credibility Rating: 3
7. Valensole UFO Sighting
A general view of lavender fields in Valensole, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, where Maurice Masse spotted a UFO and two humanoid aliens.
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Location: Valensole, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France- July 1965
Dubbed France’s Roswell by regional Le Dauphine newspaper, this sighting by Maurice Masse constitutes a close encounter of the third kind. Masse claimed he saw two humanoid aliens land a spherical UFO in a field. They then exited the craft. The French farmer said he was left paralyzed when one of the beings pointed a cylindrical instrument at him. The pair then flew away after briefly inspecting the surroundings. This incident rates so highly because close encounters where witnesses spotted physical beings were considered the most important by Hynek.
Credibility Rating: 3
8. Delphos Ring Incident
Location: Delphos, Kansas - November 1971
Sixteen-year-old Ronald Johnson claimed to have seen a glowing object hovering over a specific area close to his family farm in the early evening. When he went to fetch other witnesses the object had vanished. However, an eerie glowing ring was found where the UFO had been. Another witness corroborated to police the sighting of the strange flying object. In 2017, Britain's Daily Express newspaper reported a U.K.-based scientist had analysed soil preserved from the site of the sighting, finding it to contain a potentially chemiluminescent organic compound.
Credibility Rating: 3
9. Loring Air Force Base Sighting
Location:Loring Air Force Base, Maine - October 1975
On two successive nights servicemembers reported seeing a UFO hovering over Loring Air Force Base. An object described as a cigar-shaped craft was reportedly seen on radar. The CIA has released documents that show a 1975 watch log describing “unidentified helicopter(s) flying out of Canada.”
Credibility Rating: 3
10. Sheriff's Deputy Val Johnson Incident
Location:Marshall County, Minnesota- August 1979
In the early hours of the morning on September 11, 1979, Marshall County sheriff’s deputy Val Johnson encountered what he described as a white ball of light while driving on a rural section of State Highway 220. After diving towards the “bright, brilliant light,” which hovered three to four feet from the ground, Johnson woke up in a ditch half an hour later. His patrol car had suffered superficial damage and he had burns around his eyes. The now retired chief of police has kept an open mind about the experience. "I saw a ball of light," he told MPR in an interview. "I drove toward it, and suddenly it was in the car with me. It's unexplainable, and will remain so. I'm happy with my mental stability."
Credibility Rating: 3
11. Cash-Landrum Sighting
Location: Dayton, Texas - December 1980
Named for three individuals involved in the sighting, Betty Cash, Vickie Landrum and Colby Landrum—who claimed they were followed by hovering disc with a single fiery thruster as they drove home through dense woods in eastern Texas. When the trio abandoned their car they felt intense heat generated by the UFO. All three claimed to suffer health problems in the aftermath of the encounter.
Credibility Rating: 3
12.Trans-en-Provence Case
Location: Trans-en-Provence,Var, France - January 1981
In the early evening at his farm in the southern Var region of France, Renato Nicolaï, a 55-year-old farmer, observed a saucer-shaped UFO land on his property at a distance of about 50 yards. The lead-colored vessel then lifted off from the ground and flew towards a nearby treeline. The case is considered remarkable because of scorch marks left by the machine, documented and extensively analysed by French authorities. No definitive explanation for the incident has ever been given, and 31 years later retired French police confirmed to the Var-Martin that they believed the case remained of the utmost importance.
THE MOST CREDIBLE UFO SIGHTINGS AND ENCOUNTERS IN MODERN HISTORY, ACCORDING TO RESEARCH - PART II
THE MOST CREDIBLE UFO SIGHTINGS AND ENCOUNTERS IN MODERN HISTORY, ACCORDING TO RESEARCH - PART II
13. Belgian UFO Wave
Location: Belgium - March 1990
Over a number of days at the end of March 1990, scores of individuals reported seeing strange lights in the sky over Belgium. Belgian Air Force F-16s were dispatched to investigate. The F-16 pilots discovered nothing, but media frenzy over the European sightings exploded when a supposed image of one of the UFOs, a triangular craft with four thrusters, emerged. In 2011 the Belgian TV Channel RTL revealed the photo to be a fake. The faked image has been disregarded in our credibility rating, however the close encouter of the first kind was witnessed by multiple indivuals and trained air traffic controllers.
Credibility Rating: 3
14. Phoenix Lights Phenomenon
Location: Phoenix, Arizona - March 1997
UFOlogists have claimed hundreds of witnesses saw the “otherworldly” lights across Arizona, Nevada and northern Mexico. The sighting comprised two principal parts: The spotting of a giant V-shaped craft displaying a number of lights or light-emitting thrusters and the sight of a series of stationary orange and red lights hanging in the sky. According to Arizona’s KStar News, the governor of the state at the time, Fife Symington, claimed he saw the lights. “I’m a pilot, and I know just about every machine that flies,” Symington said. “It was bigger than anything that I’ve ever seen. It remains a great mystery.”
Credibility Rating: 3
15. McMinnville UFO Photographs
A picture of a flying saucer photographed by farmer Paul Trent shown flying over his farm.
BETTMANN ARCHIVE/GETTY IMAGES
Location: McMinnville, Oregon - May 1950
Widely regarded by UFOlogists to have produced the most important photographs of a UFO, the McMinnville sighting became famous at the height of the 1950s UFO craze. Paul Trent captured the images on camera after his wife, Evelyn, spotted a slow-moving metal disk while feeding the rabbits on their farm. The images went on to be printed in Life magazine. The pair maintained they had seen a genuine UFO until their deaths, repeating the tale for The Oregonian in 1997.
Credibility Rating: 4
16. Shag Harbour Sighting
Location: Shag Harbour, Nova Scotia, Canada -October 1967
Multiple witnesses, including pilots, reported to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police that they had witnessed a UFO with many glowing or flashing lights flying over the Nova Scotia shoreline. A dozen or so witnesses said they saw a glowing orange sphere crash into the water and then slip beneath the surface. No wreckage was ever found, Canada’s National Post reported.
Credibility Rating: 4
17. The 1976 Tehran Incident
Illustrative: US made Iranian air force F-4 Phantom jets attack mock enemy targets during military maneuvers in the Zabol area on the Iran-Afghan border.
BEHROUZ MEHRI/AFP/GETTY IMAGES
Location: Tehran, Iran - September 1976
Two Iranian F-4 interceptor aircraft reported their equipment jammed as they approached a star-shaped UFO over the areas surrounding the Iranian capital, Tehran. Ground control equipment at Mehrabad International Airport was also reportedly affected by the strange craft. Speaking at a pilot’s conference in 2007, pilot Parviz Jafari said he attempted to fire on the UFO but was unable to cause any damage. "My weapons jammed and my radio communications garbled," he said, according to the Irish Independent.
Credibility Rating: 4
18. Coyne, Mansfield Helicopter Incident
Location:Mansfield, Ohio - October 1973
Four crew members of an Army Reserve helicopter recorded a near collision with a UFO near Charles Mill Lake. The incident was corroborated by witnesses in Richland and Ashland counties who described an object or a ball of light moving in a manner not consistent with human flight. The crew on the helicopter, piloted by Lawrence Coyne (for whom the sighting is named), reported seeing a 60-foot-long, cigar-shaped object with a bright green light, according to the Mansfield News Journal.
Credibility Rating: 4
19. Nancy France Sighting
Location: Nancy, Grand Est, France - October 1982
According to an investigation by GEPAN, a unit of France’s national aerospace agency tasked with investigating UFO sightings, a biologist, identified as M. Henri, and his wife observed an unidentified object that hovered for 20 minutes over their garden. The ovoid vessel had a shiny metallic appearance. M. Henri attempted to photograph the craft but found his camera had jammed. After the UFO regained altitude it moved at a speed and trajectory impossible for man-made aircraft. The witness claimed the vessel had an effect on his garden plants but under analysis they were found to be simply dehydrated.
Credibility Rating: 4
20. Japan Airlines Flight 1628 Incident
Location: Alaska - November 1986
The pilot and crew of a Japan Airlines cargo flight carrying wine from Paris to Tokyo reported seeing strange flashing colorful lights that followed their aircraft over Alaska. The New York Timesreported during an FAA investigation into the sighting that the yellow, amber and green lights were spotted on a clear evening by pilot Kenji Terauchi. The lights appeared as the flight crossed into Alaska from Canada, while the plane cruised at 35,000 feet. The FAA later came to no definitive conclusion about the sighting.
Credibility Rating: 4
21. Chicago O'Hare Airport Sighting
Illustrative: A United Airlines jet takes off from O'Hare International Airport.
SCOTT OLSON/GETTY IMAGES
Location: Chicago, Illinois - November 2006
United Airlines staff and pilots at Chicago O’Hare Airport reported seeing a flying saucer hovering over the airport terminal on an overcast day. The vessel then shot up into the air so quickly that it punched a hole in the clouds. The FAA told The Chicago Tribune that the sighting had likely been caused by “weather phenomenon” and did not further investigate the incident. One flight traffic controller official remarked at the time: “To fly seven million light years to O'Hare and then have to turn around and go home because your gate was occupied is simply unacceptable."
Credibility Rating: 4
22. Rendlesham Forest Incident
Location: Suffolk, England - December 1980
Between December 26-28, 1980, U.S. Air Force personnel stationed at RAF Bentwaters reported seeing strange lights near Rendlesham forest. The incident, which has been referred to as Britain’s Roswell, was never investigated by U.K. authorities. In 2015 Col. Charles Halt, one of the observers, told the BBC he had recovered statements from radar operators at the base recounting how they had observed a UFO moving too quickly for normal human flight.
Credibility Rating: 5
23.Aguadilla Airport Incident
Location: Aguadilla, Puerto Rico - April 2013
An unidentified flying object was seen flying at low altitude across the Rafael Hernandez Airport runway in Aguadilla, Puerto Rico. The object did not give any warning signals, although it delayed the departure of a commercial flight. A U.S. Customs and Border Protection aircraft captured infrared video of the episode that was supplied to the Scientific Coalition for UFOology (SCU) by a whistleblower. The video shows the vessel apparently travelling without lights, at some instances below tree-top altitude, at speeds close to 100 mph. An analysis of the video was published in a report by the SCU.
Credibility Rating: 6
24. USS Nimitz Tic-Tac UFO Incident
Location: California Coast - November 2004
U.S. Navy pilot Cmdr. David Fravor recalled seeing “something not from this earth” while commanding a U.S. Navy strike fighter squadron during exercises some 60 to 100 miles off the coast of California. He recounted observing a tic-tac shaped vessel moving at great speed. The UFO was seen by a crew separate from Fravor that tracked the object and filmed it for more than a minute. The footage has now been declassified and published. The case was publicized by The New York Times following the Pentagon’s acknowledgement of its Advanced Aviation Threat Identification Program, a 21st-century study of UFO sightings.
The third video publicized following the Pentagon’s acknowledgement of its Advanced Aviation Threat Identification Program, this footage shows the high-speed flight of an unidentified aircraft at low altitude by a U.S. Navy F/A-18 Super Hornet. Released by the Department of Defense, the date, location, and other information have been removed by the originating authority as part of the release approval process.
A new study of fossils unearthed by Depression-era workers reveal that camels, antelopes and relatives of modern elephants and dogs were among the animals that roamed a veritable “Texas Serengeti” millions of years ago.
Researchers at the University of Texas have studied and identified a large collection of fossils unearthed during the Great Depression.
The fossil trove – nearly 4,000 specimens – makes up what the researchers call a veritable “TexasSerengeti,” representing 50 animal species, all of which roamed the Texas Gulf Coast 11-12 million years ago. The specimens include rhinos, alligators, antelopes, camels, 12 types of horses and several species of carnivores. The team also identified a new genus ofgomphothere, an extinct relative of elephants with a shovel-like lower jaw, as well as the oldest fossils of the American alligator and an extinct relative of modern dogs.
An artist’s interpretation of ancient North American fauna based on the UT research.
From 1939 to 1941, the Works Progress Administration (WPA) – a federal agency that provided work to millions of Americans during the Great Depression – put unemployed Texans to work as fossil-hunters. The workers dug up tens of thousands of specimens from sites near Beeville, Texas. For the past 80 years, the fossils have been stored at the University of Texas at Austin and, until now, studied only in small bits and pieces.
A paper describing these fossils, the collection history, and geologic setting was published April 11, 2019, in the journal Palaeontologia Electronica.
The fossils came into the university’s collection as part of a WPA-funded program, the State-Wide Paleontologic-Mineralogic Survey, which supervised the work and organized field units for collecting fossils and minerals across Texas from 1939 to 1941. Despite lasting only three years, the survey found and excavated thousands of fossils from across the state.
The reason the fossil collection contains so many large mammals is due in large part to the collection practices of the fossil-hunters, most of whom weren’t trained in paleontology. Large tusks, teeth and skulls were easier to spot – and more exciting to find – than bones left by small species. Steven May is a research associate at the UT Jackson School of Geosciences and author of the paper. May said in a statement:
They collected the big, obvious stuff. But that doesn’t fully represent the incredible diversity of the Miocene environment along the Texas Coastal Plain.
Fossilized skull parts from ancient elephant relatives in the collections of the Jackson School Museum of Earth History. The skull of a shovel-jawed gomphothere (pictured on bottom) collected by Great Depression-era fossil hunters is still wrapped in its field jacket. Scores of the WPA-era fossils in the UT collections are still secured in plaster field jackets, waiting to be unpacked for future research projects.
Since then, most of the finds have been kept in the Texas Vertebrate Paleontology Collections at the Jackson School Museum of Earth History. Over the years, a number of scientific papers have been published on select groups of WPA specimens. But this is the first paper to study the entire fauna.
Bottom line: A new study of fossils unearthed in Texas by Depression-era workers reveal camels, antelopes and relatives of modern elephants and dogs.
The US Navy secretly designed a super-fast futuristic aircraft resembling a UFO, documents revea
The US Navy secretly designed a super-fast futuristic aircraft resembling a UFO, documents reveal
Jasper Hamill
The US Navy has been granted a patent for an advanced aircraft which resembles a flying saucer UFO.
Military inventors filed plans for a highly unusual flying machine which uses an ‘inertial mass reduction device’ to travel at ‘extreme speeds’.
What that means is that the aircraft uses complex technology to reduce its mass and thereby lessen inertia (an object’s resistance to motion) so it can zoom along at high velocities.
The patent is highly complex and describes methods of reducing the mass of an aircraft using various techniques including the generation of gravity waves, which were first detected in 2016 after being produced when two black holes collided.
These drawings were filed as part of the patent and show a craft which looks a lot like a UFO
(Photo: Salvatore Cezar Pais/ Google)
‘It is possible to reduce the inertial mass and hence the gravitational mass, of a system/object in motion, by an abrupt perturbation of the non-linear background of local spacetime,’ the patent says.
The craft described in the patent features a cavity wall filled with gas, which is then made to vibrate using powerful electromagnetic waves.
This then creates a vacuum around the craft, allowing it to propel itself at high speeds.
The UFO-style ship can be used in water, air or even space.
‘It is possible to envision a hybrid aerospace/undersea craft (HAUC), which due to the physical mechanisms enabled with the inertial mass reduction device, can function as a submersible craft capable of extreme underwater speeds… and enhanced stealth capabilities,’ the patent continues.
‘This hybrid craft would move with great ease through the air/space/water mediums, by being enclosed in a vacuum plasma bubble/sheath.’
Although the US Navy applied for the patentin 2016 and it was granted last year, it doesn’t necessarily mean the craft has been built and tested.
However, the technology is further evidence of the military’s interest in developing ‘exotic’ technologies.
Details of AATIP were first released in 2017, including reports of a sighting made by fighter pilots from the USS Nimitz.
These pilots saw a huge patch of churning, turbulent water the size of a Boeing 737, suggesting something was beneath the surface, as well as a ‘tic tac’ aircraft which zoomed off at almost impossibly high speeds.
We spoke to Nick Pope, former UFO investigator at the Ministry of Defence, and asked if he saw any similarities between the patented design and the Nimitz Tic Tac.
‘A hybrid craft, capable of flying both in the air and underwater, is uncannily similar to what was reported in the USS Nimitz incident from 2004,’ he said.
‘There was a similar incident of a UFO flying underwater in Puerto Rico in 2013. The possible connection between the USS Nimitz incident and this patent is intriguing, and it’s interesting that the US Navy seems to be the link here.
‘It’s possible that the patent is inspired by the incident and is part of an attempt to work out the technology behind the objects that were chased by the Navy F-18s. This is known as ‘reverse-engineering’.’
Nick Pope is a novelist and global authority on UFOs
(Credit: David Howard/Flickr)
He said a ‘key question’ is how the plans fit in with the wider AATIP project.
In the latest patent, author Salvatore Cezar Pais mentions Harold Puthoff, a key figure in AATIP who commissioned the 38 papers exploring exotic technologies, which were then used by Defense Intelligence Agency durings briefings filed with the US Congress.
‘The papers that got media attention related to anti-gravity, invisibility cloaking, warp drive and wormholes, but a key point is that many of the papers relate to exotic propulsion systems – not just the technology that would enable us to build a faster aircraft, drone or missile, but the technology that we’d need for interstellar travel,’ Pope added.
‘These patents might be the first steps in taking humankind to the stars.’
Two views of the Tic Tac UFO observed by US Navy pilots
A declassified document which gives details of some of the research papers produced by AATIP investigators
We asked if he believed the craft in the patent had ever been built.
This patent for a “craft using an inertial mass reduction device” is fascinating, and is one of three patents filed by US Navy scientist Salvatore Cezar Pais.
‘The other one of his patents that caught my eye was one for a “high-frequency gravitational wave generator”.
‘It’s sometimes hard to tell where the boundary lies between fringe science and science fiction. Furthermore, even if the theoretical physics turns out to be sound, aeronautical engineers still have to be able to build something, if any of this is to have any tangible effect.
‘If they have built the technology described in the patents, I’m sure the program is highly classified. The bottom line is that if any of this works, we’re in game-changing territory.’
My fiance told me to turn around and look at this craft in the sky. I stood there in shock until I thought to reach for my phone. When I first saw it, it was moving slowly and seemed very close as it was huge.
It stayed stationary, then seemed to rotate slowly as it raised higher and the lights went out one by one. I never saw a definitive shape and it looked as if it literally disappeared.
It was like the craft, possible a TR-3B, blended in with the sky except for the lights. there was no sound at all. the sighting lasted about 2 minutes.
Afterward, I heard first then saw two helicopters going toward the sighting. I then went inside my home.
(This video contains language some might find offensive)
Millions Hear Mysterious Global Hum That Has Scientists Stumped
Millions Hear Mysterious Global Hum That Has Scientists Stumped
Not even scientists are able to explain the mysterious global hum that now affects millions of people.
A mysterious global hum is baffling scientists and millions of people around the world.
In fact, 4% of the world’s population, or roughly 308 million people, can hear the mysterious global hum, The Guardianclaims. Specifically, 308 million is 4% of the current global population of 7.691 billion. However, nobody including scientists knows what causes the hum.
To clarify, the mysterious global hum is a sound similar to “an endless riff of heavy metal music” or whirring that people hear. Moreover, some people claim to have heard the worldwide hum since the 1960s or 1970s.
City Hears Mysterious Global Hum For Six Years
Strangely, people hear the hum all over the world. For instance, on Alaska’s Chichagof Island, in Sydney, Australia, as well as in London and Cheshire, England.
In addition, the mysterious global hum plagued residents of Windsor, Ontario (across from Detroit) for six years, The Guardian reports. Specifically, Windsor residents describe the hum as part noise and part vibration. Strangely, some Windsor residents compare the hum to the noise the Starship Enterprise makes as it prepares for Warp speed.
“You can’t get away from it,” Windsor resident Mike Provost tells The Guardian. “You go outside to work in your garden, you go outside to enjoy the sun, the noise is there.”
In detail, Windsor residents first heard the hum in 2010 and were still reporting it in 2016. However, Canadian scientists blame the hum on a U.S. Steel plant and other industrial facilities on Zug Island in the Detroit River. To elaborate, the scientists think industrial machines make the hum.
What Causes The Mysterious Global Hum?
On the other hand, industrial machines are not causing the mysterious global hum in places like Chichagof Island and London.
Presently, explanations for the hum range from tinnitus to lighting, to meteors, to the ocean, to electromagnetic energy, to volcanoes, to stress, to submarines, to noise pollution, to space aliens, The Guardian reports. Nevertheless, there is no hard evidence to verify any of those explanations.
“The bulk of the evidence suggests that the Hum is not an acoustic sound,” geoscientist David Deming says. “This is indicated by the simple fact that most people do not hear it.”
Mysterious Global Hum Baffles Scientists
Significantly, Deming has been investigating the hum since 2004 and found no causes. Notably, Deming‘s research began after hearing the hum himself.
Notwithstanding, Deming believes electromagnetic energy from low-frequency radio signals causes the mysterious global hum. Particularly, navies use such signals to communicate with submarines at sea.
Conversely, the hum got louder when a science teacher named Dr. Glen MacPherson locked himself in a special room designed to block low-frequency radio signals. As a result, MacPherson thinks the hum is neurological.
“This is caused by something internal–some internally generated perception of sound,” MacPherson tells The Guardian. Nonetheless, MacPherson cannot identify the internal cause of the mysterious global hum.
MacPherson is tracking the mysterious global hum at his website: The Hum. In fact, if you hear the hum, MacPherson wants to hear from you to help identify its source.
Do you have any thoughts on the global hum phenomenon and what may cause it? Let us know in the comments below.
New Alien Abduction Documentary 2019 So Real, They Will Make You Question Everything!
New Alien Abduction Documentary 2019 So Real, They Will Make You Question Everything!
These people regularly report “missing time”—not being able to account for the elapsed time during which they later learn their visitation occurred. These are the most convincing alien stories that are not well known and that the media has not covered.
The encounters reported by the contactees were overwhelming friendly, their aliens benevolent. So, why did things change? What do they want with us?
My experience was with the tall grays, was not terrible at all, I was sleeping , then I heard what sounded like load thumping sound kinda like air pressure waves hitting me and I felt weightless, then I blacked out, I came too at the piont where I felt a long skinny arms holding me and put me back into my bed and then I woke up and remember everything that I just said. Tim Holmes
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
UFO Researchers Accidentally Finds Ship Wreak When Searching For Alien Underwater Bases, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Researchers Accidentally Finds Ship Wreak When Searching For Alien Underwater Bases, UFO Sighting News.
Coordinates: 57° 9'33.11" N153° 9'29.91"W
I was using Google Earth looking for alien bases and evidence of underwater bases when I found several ship wreaks by accident. Here is the best one that I found. It was just kind of amazing to me so I had to share it with you all. A lot of people say I only find things on the moon and Mars and they say its my imagination...well here is something similar to what I find on Mars, yet its on Earth. That mere fact makes most people believe their own eyes. If its not on Earth, they distrust what their eyes show them. Odd, I know, but thats how we are. Scott C. Waring
Giant Glowing UFO Seen In Sky With Two Moving Objects Within Its, April 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Giant Glowing UFO Seen In Sky With Two Moving Objects Within Its, April 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: April 2019 Location of sighting: Unknown Here is an interesting video about a glowing object seen in the sky with two different moving objects within it. At first it looks like it could be two rockets shot off at the same time, but really, who would risk such a thing? Even spacex wont do that. The fact that we don't see any contrails from rockets or trails leading to this glowing anomaly makes me believe that this is an alien creation. Tell me your thoughts about it in the comments below please. What do you make of this? Scott C. Waring
200 Meter UFO Seen Over Volcano In Mexico On Live Cam, April 19, 2019 Video, UFO Sighting News.
200 Meter UFO Seen Over Volcano In Mexico On Live Cam, April 19, 2019 Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: April 19, 2019 Location of sighting: Volcano Popocatepetl, Mexico Here is a great video of an eyewitness who caught a UFO flying through the smoke of the famous volcano Popocatepetl. The UFO appears to be a large disk viewed from the side and passes right through the smoke and over the mouth of an active volcano. No plane would ever dare to fly that close to this live volcano. Also its impossible that its a plane. The mouth of the volcano is 600+ meters across according to Wikipedia. That would make this flying object 200 meters across! Have you ever heard of a plane 200 meters long? Nope. So this is 100% evidence that aliens are active in Mexico. Scott C. Waring-Taiwan
Check out this amazing discovery near our sun. The giant cube got caught again and this time it looks 3D. You can really see two sides of the UFO very well. Its similar in structure to a Borg cube from Star Trek. Its seen visiting our sun every few weeks on the SOHO/NASA sun images. It must be very close to the SOHO satellite because it looks huge!
UFO Over Group Of Hikers On Mountain In Spain, April 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Over Group Of Hikers On Mountain In Spain, April 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: April 2019
Location of sighting: Tenerife, Spain
The eyewitness accidentally captured a UFO near a volcano in Spain last week. The UFO appears in one photo just above a group of people trekking up the mountain. When I make a close up of the UFO, I see there are no wings, no contrail, but it does appear to be a disk with a dome on its top center. UFOs are seen in mountain areas because many alien bases are hidden in remote location so that humans wont stumble upon them. Awesome capture.
Multiple Sky Watchers Have Recorded a Video of UFOs Moving Over Oxfordshire
Multiple Sky Watchers Have Recorded a Video of UFOs Moving Over Oxfordshire
A group of UFO researchers has seen orange coloured orbs and managed to record the mysterious event on video. David Twine, a Hampshire UFO Group member, said the incident took place during a group skywatch on the night of April 9, 2016. Four of them witnessed the orbs in their naked eyes and viewed them later through binoculars.
They were on a former Royal Air force station Stoney Cross, located close to junction 1 of the M27, Cadnam.
The group was looking on the Northern part of their viewpoint when the orb-like objects came into view, flying left to the right. The group recorded the video of their sighting with zoom function activated and in black and white. No sound from those flying objects was recorded or heard.
First reports involving these UFOs happened over Mevagissey in Cornwall, and then they were reported to fly east 185 miles towards Oxfordshire, around 50 to 80 miles north of the group’s location. The objects then continued moving across Northamptonshire and on towards Bedfordshire.
A jet aircraft can be seen at 4.38 time of the footage from the lower right to left. The pilots and/or passengers must have seen these orange objects.
The group sent Freedom of Information Request letters to the Civil Aviation Authority and the Ministry of Defence for any additional information regarding this mysterious event. However, the group did not get a response.
Open Minds UFO Radio: Joe Murgia, aka UFO Joe, is a freelance Director of Photography and Camera Operator. He also runs the website UFOJoe.net, where he posts important UFO news and updates. One thing Joe does that is invaluable to the UFO research community, is that he transcribes important interviews. Recent transcriptions include interviews with George Knapp, Harry Reid, many of the 2004 Nimitz UFO encounter witnesses, and more. In this episode, we get to know Joe and his work. We talk about how Joe got involved with UFOs, and what inspired him to start UFOJoe.net. We also discuss his views on the remarkable ongoing revelations regarding government investigations of UFOs.
This really fast triangular shaped craft was filmed over England back in November 2018 and just submitted to our Facebook page.
Witness report:
This is a video I captured on the 6th November 2018 when filming a firework display in slow motion. Watch as 3 bright lights go from right to left. This was not visible with the naked eye.Looking back on other footage of the night, these three bright lights are captured moving faster than anything I’ve ever seen before.Filmed on Oldham edge, Oldham, England.
Huge flying saucer over south Florida, 15-Mar-2019
Huge flying saucer over south Florida, 15-Mar-2019
This UFO videos was just submitted through our Facebook page. It was shot in Florida on 15 March 2019.
Witness report:
I witnessed this on a live camera feed where I work in south Florida. I had to cut the video short so as to not identify my work position or location. It is a security violation to do so. The object was not identified on radar as an aircraft nor a drone. It had heat and was identified clearly on our thermal cameras. It couldn’t have been an animal because of the heat it generated. We have been trying to figure out what it is since we seen it. This is raw footage just cut short, I don’t know how to edit it so as not to show our company details. The object flew very fast, descended and leveled out over the city. We thought it was a meteorite until it leveled out. I want to remain anonymous as I don’t want to jeopardize my job. The large pulsating ball of light appears from the right corner and descends. The other white dot in the center is an airbus aircraft. I’m sorry for not being able to send the entire video. I’ve never seen anything like that before.
Perfectly Smooth Shell of a Craft” – A Look Inside The Real Secret Space Program
"Perfectly Smooth Shell of a Craft” – A Look Inside The Real Secret Space Program
• In spite of disinformation campaigns, bad journalism, and infiltration by intelligence agencies into mainstream media outlets that try to convince the public through “an official campaign of ridicule and secrecy” that there is no such thing as UFOs, we know that they’re real. There is a plethora of credible sources – including documents, data, physical evidence, and more – suggesting we’re not alone, and that we have been visited by intelligent extraterrestrial beings from other worlds and possibly other dimensions.
• Garry McKinnon, for example, spent ten years in danger of extradition from the UK to the US for accessing nearly 100 NASA and military computers including the United States Space Command. On this government website, McKinnon found a photo of a large cylindrical shaped UFO hovering in space, a list of “non-terrestrial officers”, and logs of “fleet to fleet” transfers of materials. Is this evidence of a Secret Space Program using reverse engineered ET technology?
• Dr. David Clarke, an international investigative journalist who regularly comments on UFOs, said, “… the UK military were interested in capturing UFO technology… [and] were desperate to capture this technology… before the Russians or the Chinese got hold of it first.”
• In the US, these UFO investigative and research efforts are hidden within Special Access Programs which contain both unacknowledged and waived SAPs. Better known as ‘deep black programs’, these programs do not exist publicly, but they do indeed exist. We know that there is a black budget to fund these programs. A 1997 US Senate report described them as “so sensitive that they are exempt from standard reporting requirements to the Congress.”
• According to Herman Oberth, one of the founding fathers of rocketry and astronautics in the 1950’s, “flying saucers are real and . . . they are space ships from another solar system. I think that they possibly are manned by intelligent observers who are members of a race that may have been investigating our Earth for centuries.” “We have, indeed, been contacted — perhaps even visited — by extraterrestrial beings, and the US government, in collusion with the other national powers of the Earth, is determined to keep this information from the general public.”
• Former Chief of Defence Staff, Five-Star Admiral of the Royal Navy, and former Chairman of the NATO Military Committee, Lord Admiral Hill-Norton, said: “There are objects in our atmosphere which are technically miles in advance of anything we can deploy… we have no means of stopping them from coming here… there is a serious possibility that we are being visited and have been visited for many years by people from outer space, from other civilizations… This should be the subject of rigorous scientific investigation and not the subject of ‘rubbishing’ by tabloid newspapers.”
• There are literally hundreds of people with extensive academic, political and military backgrounds, all the way to astronauts, who have been blowing the whistle on extraterrestrial UFOs for a very long time. Many scientific publications describe radar-confirmed military sightings of UFOs by military pilots.
• The point is, if you believe some of these UFOs are indeed extraterrestrial, you are not alone.
The field of UFOlogy has long been muddled with disinformation campaigns and bad journalism, and sometimes this journalism includes infiltration efforts by intelligence agencies themselves. This is clear given the fact that intelligence agencies have a direct relationship with journalists and mainstream media outlets, as there are declassified documents showing so. Operation Mockingbird is a great example, not to mention all of the mainstream media journalists who have come out and said that mainstream media is directly influenced by intelligence agencies, governments and corporations. When it comes to UFOs, we know that they’re real, but we also know that along with that reality there has been “an official campaign of ridicule and secrecy.” (Ex-CIA Director Roscoe Hillenkoetter) Perhaps this ridicule campaign carries on today through some rather ghastly, unbelievable claims, but let’s not let that mask the fact that this phenomenon is indeed real, and there are a plethora of credible sources including documents, data, physical evidence, and more suggesting we’re not alone, and that we probably are being visited and have been visited by intelligent extraterrestrial beings from other worlds and possibly other dimensions.
A lot of this evidence has come from UFOlogist Richard Dolan, who has always been a key resource for me with regards to accessing credible information about the UFO phenomenon. I find that it’s important to seek out proper researchers who share information in a credible and verifiable way, especially about a subject that can so easily be ridiculed when you are trying to reach the masses who don’t have much knowledge about it, but are genuinely curious. I also feel that my generation of UFO researchers lack proper research and investigative skills, are easily influenced and swayed, and in the age of social media are simply trying to share whatever they can, no matter how credible, to simply ‘stay relevant,’ instead of doing it for the love and genuine desire to share important, truthful information.
Like I said, there are some rather ‘outside the box claims’ out there that have absolutely no credibility behind them, and to share those actually does more disservice to the movement, in my opinion. On the other hand, there are some very outside the box claims and information that do indeed have tremendous amounts of credibility behind them, and these are the ones we should be paying attention to.
One example comes from the case of Garry McKinnon, who for 10 years was in great danger of extradition to the United States for accessing nearly 100 NASA and military computers including the United States Space Command. This was the real deal, as Obama and the UK Prime Minister at the time revealed while fielding a question about Garry. This breach made headline news.
Gary was able to access these computers in real time and view files on them. He found some startling pictures, one in particular was of a large cylindrical shaped UFO hovering in space, in addition to a strange spreadsheet document with a list of “non-terrestrial officers,” presumably belonging to a publicly unacknowledged branch of the United States military operating in space, as well as “fleet to fleet” transfers of materials, whatever that means.
The Real Secret Space Program
Is there a secret space program, and have clandestine groups been reverse engineering ET technology?
After finding microplastics in thedeep oceans, tapwater, and eveninside humans, researchers have now discovered another ‘pristine’ area polluted by plastic: remote mountain glaciers.
Microplastics have been found in areas once thought pristine such as glaciers.
Image credits: NASA / James Yungel.
It’s not the first time plastic pollution has been found in ice. Previously, researchers have found plastic in remote regions such as the Arctic — now, the same researchers have now discovered microplastics in the Forni Glaciers in the Swiss Alps.
Roberto Sergio Azzoni at the University of Milan and colleagues analyzed sediment samples from the glaciers, finding around 75 particles of microplastic per kilogram of sediment. If this is a representative sample, that would add up to 162 million plastic particles across the entire Forni glacier.
Microplastics are essentially any plastic piece under the size of 5 millimeters (0.2 inches) — whether they were produced this or degraded into smaller pieces. They generally enter natural ecosystems from a variety of sources such as cosmetics, clothing, and industrial processes. In this case, the plastic parts have a “local” origin: they most likely come from hi-tech hiking gear.
It’s a stern reminder that anywhere humans go, plastic pollution follows close by.
A 2014 study estimated that there are between 15 and 51 trillion individual pieces of microplastic in the world’s oceans. A more recent study from 2017 found that most of the world’s tap water is also contaminated with microplastics, as water filtration systems are unable to remove these small specs. Creatures of all shapes and sizes from marine ecosystems have also been found with substantial quantities of ingested plastic; often times, this turns out to be fatal. It’s estimated that it takes in excess of 1,000 years for microplastics to fully degrade in the environment.
Policy attempts at reducing microplastics have been shy. In 2018, the Japanese government unanimously voted a law to reduce microplastic pollution, but the law doesn’t specify any penalties for companies that don’t comply. In the US, states like Illinois have banned cosmetics containing microplastics, and at the national level, a 2015 law signed by President Barack Obama banned “rinse-off” cosmetic products that contain microplastics, but the law does not apply to other products such as household cleaners. The European Chemical Agency has also recommended measures to reduce microplastic pollution, but no concrete measures have been taken yet.
The latest findings have been presented at the European Geosciences Union conference in Vienna.
Two newly-discovered tombs give a dazzling, exceptionally-preserved glimpse into the deaths of ancient Egyptians.
Image credits Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities via Twitter.
Two new tombs have been discovered in Egypt in an almost pristine state. One of the tombs is part of the Akhmim necropolis in the province of Sohag, and dates back to the Ptolemaic era of Egypt (about 2,000 years ago). The other tomb, from Saqqara, is significantly older, dating back over 4,000 years.
Both tombs are in an incredibly well-preserved state. The murals on their walls are virtually intact, their discoverers report, with the colors unfaded by time.
The Sohag tomb was discovered after a gang of tomb robbers — who were carrying out an illegal excavation — was arrested nearby, according to the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities. It dates back to the Ptolemaic era and belonged to a senior official named Tutu and his wife. The tomb comprises two rooms, both adorned with lavishly painted walls. Inside Tutu’s tomb, archeologists found two limestone sarcophagi and an exceptionally well-preserved mummy. More than 50 mummified animals were also found in this tomb, including ibis, falcons, eagles, dogs, cats, and shrews.
The other tomb, from Saqqara, dates back to the time of Pharaoh Djedkare Isesi. It seems to have belonged to a high-ranking official named Khuwy. The tomb itself also suggests that this Khuwy was related in one form or another to Djedkare Isesi. It is an L-shaped building with a small corridor, an antechamber, and a large main chamber adorned with murals showing Khuwy seated at a table of offerings. In addition, the tomb also boasts a tunneled entrance (which are usually the domain of royal tombs and pyramids) and colors traditionally reserved for royalty in its murals. Archeologists also found Khuwy’s mummy and the canopic jars in which organs are placed for burial (which were sadly broken into pieces) at the tomb.
At a presentation unveiling the tomb of Tutu, Waziri said he hoped the discovery would “draw the world’s attention to the civilization and antiquities of Egypt.” This feeds into the sustained efforts Egypt has been making to publicize its archeological findings in recent months in an effort to “increase tourism interest in a destination that suffered following a 2011 uprising,” CNN adds.
At the end of last year, the Ministry unveiled two dazzling tombs, one dating back 3,500 years, and another 4,400 years old, belonging to a priest named Wahtye. Another 2,500-year-old tomb was found to contain dozens of mummified cats and scarab beetles.
Part-Revived Pig Brains Raise Slew of Ethical Quandarie
Part-Revived Pig Brains Raise Slew of Ethical Quandaries
Researchers need guidance on animal use and the many issues opened up by a new study on whole-brain restoration, argue Nita A. Farahany, Henry T. Greely and Charles M. Giattino
Scientists have restored and preserved some cellular activities and structures in the brains of pigs that had been decapitated for food production four hours before. The researchers saw circulation in major arteries and small blood vessels, metabolism and responsiveness to drugs at the cellular level and even spontaneous synaptic activity in neurons, among other things. The team formulated a unique solution and circulated it through the isolated brains using a network of pumps and filters called BrainEx. The solution was cell-free, did not coagulate and contained a haemoglobin-based oxygen carrier and a wide range of pharmacological agents.
The remarkable study, published in this week’s Nature, offers the promise of an animal or even human whole-brain model in which many cellular functions are intact. At present, cells from animal and human brains can be sustained in culture for weeks, but only so much can be gleaned from isolated cells. Tissue slices can provide snapshots of local structural organization, yet they are woefully inadequate for questions about function and global connectivity, because much of the 3D structure is lost during tissue preparation.
The work also raises a host of ethical issues. There was no evidence of any global electrical activity—the kind of higher-order brain functioning associated with consciousness. Nor was there any sign of the capacity to perceive the environment and experience sensations. Even so, because of the possibilities it opens up, the BrainEx study highlights potential limitations in the current regulations for animals used in research.
Most fundamentally, in our view, it throws into question long-standing assumptions about what makes an animal—or a human—alive.
SIGNS OF WHAT?
The pig brains used in the study, which was conducted by a team based largely at Yale School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut, produced a flat line on an electroencephalogram (EEG) of brain activity. Had any degree of sentience been recovered, let alone consciousness, one would expect to see low-amplitude waves in the alpha (8–12 Hz) and beta (13–30 Hz) range, at the very least. In consultations with the Neuroethics Working Group of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) BRAIN Initiative and in discussions with us, the researchers have stated that if they had detected such activity, they would have administered anaesthetic agents to prevent any experience similar to pain or distress, and would have reduced the brain temperature to swiftly quell the activity.
Absence of organized electrical electrical brain activity, measured with an EEG, is one measure used to establish brain death. Credit: Kateryna Kon Getty Images
Researchers already study whole organs, and maintain cellular activity for a few seconds to minutes in slices of animal and human brains. Thus, on the face of it, in the absence of EEG activity, the BrainEx study does not raise fundamentally different issues from those encountered in the use of animal or human brain tissue after death.
Yet, until now, neuroscientists and others have assumed two things. First, that neural activity and consciousness are irretrievably lost within seconds to minutes of interrupting blood flow in mammalian brains. Second, that, unless circulation is quickly restored, there is a largely irreversible progression towards cell death and the death of the organism.
The BrainEx study used pig brains that had received no oxygen, glucose or other nutrients for four hours. As such, it opens up possibilities that were previously unthinkable.
Take the lack of EEG activity. This activity could have been lost irreversibly when the pigs were slaughtered. Another possibility, however, is that the lack of EEG activity was a function of the study design. The researchers used several chemical agents in their solution that inhibit neural activity, hypothesizing that the tissues would be more likely to show some recovery if cellular activity were reduced. Had these blockers been removed at some point, perhaps the team would have detected EEG activity.
Another possibility needing investigation is that something similar to shock treatment for the heart is required to reset the firing of neurons in the brain to a level that is detectable. Or maybe it takes longer than six hours (the length of the BrainEx perfusion, following the four hours after death) for the cells to recover sufficiently for this kind of brain activity to emerge. Physicians sometimes lower the core body temperatures of people who have had a heart attack, to induce a hypothermic coma. This can limit damage caused by swelling in the brain, for instance, and aid cellular recovery. In these cases, patients seem to need at least 24 hours of ‘cooling treatment’.
Obviously, more data are needed, including the replication of the BrainEx findings in other laboratories by other groups. But we’re reminded of a line from the 1987 film The Princess Bride: “There’s a big difference between mostly dead and all dead. Mostly dead is slightly alive.” Even with all the unknowns, the discovery that mammalian brains can be made to seem ‘slightly alive’, hours after the animals had been killed, has implications that ethicists, regulators and society more broadly must now think through.
ANIMAL RESEARCH
To be clear, the BrainEx study did not breach any ethical guidelines for research. The team sought guidance from Yale University’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), which exists to ensure that the use of animals aligns with what is required by US law for federally funded research. The committee decided that oversight was unnecessary. The pigs, having been raised as livestock, were exempt from animal welfare laws and were killed before the study started. In the United States, the 1966 Animal Welfare Act is the only federal law that regulates how animals are treated in research, and applies to either living or dead animals. It explicitly excludes animals raised for food. Meanwhile, the policies and regulations of the US Public Health Service, which funds most US research involving animals—mainly through the NIH—do not specify any protections for animals after their death.
Had the research been conducted outside the United States, the response from ethics or regulatory bodies would almost certainly have been the same. The European Union’s Directive on the Protection of Animals Used for Scientific Purposes largely aims to prevent (or minimize) any pain, suffering or distress experienced by live animals. It, too, specifically excludes animals raised for agriculture (see go.nature.com/2cpdgjr). In China, both the Ministry of Science and Technology and the provincial bureaus of science and technology ensure that researchers follow local regulations and that they abide by the National Standard on Laboratory Animal Welfare in China. Here, too, the protections exclude animals raised for food, and the main focus is on eliminating or reducing live animals’ potential pain and distress.
In our view, new guidelines are needed for studies involving the preservation or restoration of whole brains, because animals used for such research could end up in a grey area—not alive, but not completely dead. Five issues in particular need addressing.
First, how should researchers try to detect signs of consciousness or sentience? On its own, EEG activity would not reliably signal a conscious brain; such activity is nearly always detected in people who are under general anaesthesia. EEG activity might provide an appropriate measure should it be detected along with responsiveness to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)—a non-invasive way of stimulating brain activity, using a magnetic coil held near the head. Together with other measures, this would determine the brain’s perturbational complexity index, a way of identifying the level of consciousness. Furthermore, recent research in humans using functional magnetic resonance imaging indicates that certain patterns of neuronal activity may provide a correlate for consciousness.
Second, which species make appropriate models for this type of research on brain perfusion? And what kinds of research and results would be needed to justify the use of other models? (In our view, investigators should proceed cautiously with testing in other mammals, particularly in pigs, dogs or primates, at this time.)
Third, until more is known, is the use of neuronal activity blockers sufficient to safeguard against the emergence of capabilities associated with sentience, such as the capacity to feel pain? It might be necessary to apply BrainEx or similar systems to mice or rats, both with and without neuronal activity blockers, to better understand the blockers’ role.
Fourth, under which scenarios should anaesthetics be used in follow-on studies, to safeguard against the possibility of inducing any experience similar to pain or distress? And under what scenarios might it be permissible not to use them? (We think that the use of anaesthetics in follow-on studies should be mandatory at this time, given all of the unknowns.)
Finally, for how long should BrainEx or similar artificial circulatory systems be run? Such systems might be effective for only a certain period of time, or there could be a limit as to how much recovery can be achieved. This knowledge will inform analyses of risks and benefits.
HUMAN RESEARCH
Although it is a long way off, researchers might one day consider using a system similar to BrainEx to treat humans for brain damage caused by a lack of oxygen. Until now, neuroscientists and physicians have assumed that the cell death caused by this is irreversible. Treatment generally involves working with a person’s remaining healthy brain tissue to help rehabilitate mobility, motor and other skills.
Before developing whole human-brain models outside the body—and certainly before the use of brain perfusion in the clinic—investigators need to arm people with enough information for them to make informed decisions. Most fundamentally, patients or donors will need to understand what kinds of brain activity could result and what that activity could mean. They will also need to know the chances of recovery being only partial, and the implications that will have.
Another question is what information, if any, could plausibly be retrieved from the brain. Various groups are developing ways to decode the neural activity of living people, for instance to probe their memories or the images they have seen in their dreams. Could such approaches one day be applied to brains after death?
Such possibilities (if they come to pass at all) are far in the future. Yet we need to think through at least some of them now. Hundreds of people worldwide have already paid to have their brains frozen and stored, in the hope that scientists will one day be able to revive them. It’s easy to imagine misapplications of brain perfusion following the publication of the BrainEx study alone.
GUIDELINES
It might not be easy for others to replicate the study, despite the BrainEx team providing detailed information on the device, perfusate and methods. As a first step, the investigators, their home institutions and the NIH should facilitate the transfer of the technology and know-how to other researchers and institutions. Any follow-up and independent studies should be just as transparent as this one.
Crucially, future researchers will need guidance through the potential scientific, ethical and political questions opened up by this research.
Precedents exist. Internationally, research involving stem cells derived from human embryos has successfully been steered by the 2005 Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research released by the US Institute of Medicine and US National Research Council—the substance of which was almost entirely adopted by the International Society for Stem Cell Research. Ongoing efforts to set guidelines for human genome-editing research hold lessons, too. Key actors here are the US National Academy of Sciences, the US National Academy of Medicine, the UK Royal Society, the Hong Kong Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Nuffield Council on Bioethics.
In other contexts, such as in biomedical engineering (see, for example, go.nature.com/2t6kon5), artificial intelligence and debates around the definition of death, international conferences are being held to help find common ground across countries and to develop frameworks that enable responsible scientific progress.
We think that the latest research on brain resuscitation demands the same kind of international attention. A starting point could be the guiding principles issued last December by the Neuroethics Working Group of the NIH BRAIN Initiative, which held a 2018 workshop on research with human neural tissue.
Citizens must be part of the process. Engaging non-scientists in delineating the ethical boundaries of this research doesn’t guarantee its public acceptance in the future; and nor should it, necessarily. But not engaging other stakeholders could help to precipitate its rejection.
In our view, discussion about the appropriate path for this research should not wait for follow-up studies. The Yale group was conscientious and consulted the local institutional IACUC, Yale bioethicists, NIH programme officers and even the NIH Neuroethics Working Group. The researchers did what they could, and probably more than many would have done, to ensure that they were acting appropriately in a void of ethical analysis on the issue.
Now is the time to fill that void.
This article is reproduced with permission and was first published on April 17, 2019.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR(S)
Nita A. Farahany
Nita A. Farahany is professor of law and philosophy at Duke University, director of the Duke Initiative for Science & Society, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Henry T. Greely
Henry T. Greely is Director of the Center for Law and the Biosciences and Professor (by courtesy) of Genetics, at the Stanford School of Medicine. He is the Chair of the Steering Committee of the Center for Biomedical Ethics, and Director of the Stanford Program in Neuroscience and Society.
REUTERSEgyptische functionarissen onthulden onder meer een mummie die in Luxor werd ontdekt.
WETENSCHAP Archeologen hebben een 3.500 jaar oud graf blootgelegd en een mummie in een ongeopende kist die van minstens 1.069 voor Christus dateert, op twee sites in de stad Luxor in het zuiden van Egypte. Dit heeft een functionaris voor oudheden vandaag gemeld.
“Het graf van de achttiende dynastie heeft een grote binnenplaats, de grootste die tot dusver in een begraafplaats op deze site werd gevonden”, zei Mostafa Waziri, secretaris-generaal van de Hoge Raad van Oudheden, op een ceremonie op de archeologische site Draa Abul Naga. De necropolis Draa Abul Naga, op de westoever van de Nijl, is bekend om zijn tempels en begraafplaatsen van edellieden uit de oudheid.
De ploeg van Egyptische archeologen die in augustus 2018 in dit gebied begon te werken, vond ook honderden Oesjabti-beelden, beeldjes die gewoonlijk in grote hoeveelheden in graven worden gevonden.
REUTERSDe beeldjes die door de archeologen werden opgegraven.
Functionarissen onthulden voorts een mummie die elders in Luxor ontdekt werd. De mummie, die in drie ongeopende en in elkaar passende kisten lag, dateert van de Ramessidentijd (1292-1069 voor Christus), die de achttiende en twintigste dynastie omvat.
De onthullingsplechtigheid, op de werelderfgoeddag van Unesco, werd bijgewoond door premier Moustafa Madbouly en minister van Oudheden Khaled al-Anani. Egypte maakte de voorbije maanden een reeks ontdekkingen bekend in de hoop het slabakkende toerisme te doen opleven.
NASAHet ISS, de voeten van Scott Kelly en een uitzicht over de Bahama's.
WETENSCHAPScott Kelly - de astronaut die een jaar in het Internationaal Ruimtestation (ISS) doorbracht om te kijken wat zo’n lang verblijf met het menselijk lichaam doet – leefde zichzelf creatief uit in de ruimte. Met zijn Nikon D4 maakte hij adembenemende foto’s waarvan NASA er nu enkele deelt.
In maart 2015 werd Scott Kelly richting het ISS gestuurd. Daar zou hij een jaar verblijven. De astronaut werd uitgekozen voor de missie omdat hij een eeneiige tweelingbroer heeft. Eenmaal Scott terugkeerde naar de aarde konden wetenschappers uittesten wat voor een invloed de lange ruimtemissie op zijn lijf had. Die invloed bleek overigens behoorlijk groot te zijn: Scott had oogproblemen, geheugenverlies en zijn DNA was niet meer identiek aan dat van zijn broer.
Voordat hij terugkeerde naar de aarde maakte Scott 5.440 toertjes rondom de aarde. Hij zag de zon 10.944 keer opkomen en ondergaan, en hij deelde maar liefst 713 foto’s op Instagram. NASA bundelt er nu een paar, en in het boek van Scott Kelly ‘Infinite Wonder’ worden alle foto’s getoond.
Een ding is alvast duidelijk: de aarde is prachtig (vanuit de ruimte). Zo maakte Scott Kelly een impressionante foto van de kleurrijke Franse kustlijn.
NASADe Franse kustlijn
Ook de Bahama’s lijken te mooi om waar te zijn. “Zo’n verfrissend zicht”, schreef Scott bij de #Bahamas op Instagram.
Ook de foto’s die hij maakte nadat de zon onderging op aarde, zijn net schilderijtjes. New York pik je er meteen uit door de talrijke lichtstraten. Op Twitter deelde Scott trouwens ook een gelijkaardige foto van New York, maar dan eentje waar de zon schijnt. Terwijl de oranje gloed ’s nachts overheerst, ziet de Amerikaanse stad er overdag vooral blauw uit vanuit de ruimte. 7
NASANew York City
Good morning, #NewYorkCity! It’s a great day to be on Earth and in one of my favorite places on the planet! Who’s with me,
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VERNIETIGING GEHEIME BASIS OP DE MAAN ( VIDEO )
VERNIETIGING GEHEIME BASIS OP DE MAAN ( VIDEO )
Wikileaks is de afgelopen week veelvuldig in het nieuws geweest met betrekkingen tot de arrestatie van Julian Assange.
Via diezelfde Wikileaks is er ook onthuld dat de Amerikanen een geheime basis op de maan hebben vernietigd.
Op de website van Scott Waring, de man die dag en nacht speurt op foto’s van NASA, staat een heel interessant verhaalover een geheime basis op de maan.
Het begint met Scott die dit keer in de Wikileaks database aan het snuffelen is en daar een bericht vindt over een geheime basis op de maan die door de Amerikanen zou zijn vernietigd.
Het gaat om het volgende bericht (Klik op het plaatje voor de link naar het originele bericht)
Klaarblijkelijk gaat het hier om een telegram, maar omdat deze handgeschreven is en de inhoud nooit is gedigitaliseerd, kan deze niet online worden bekeken.
En als we denken aan een geheime basis op de maan, dan denken we terug aan de Apollo vlucht die officieel niet bestond en dat is Apollo 20.
Het verhaal is afkomstig van een man die beweert dat hij meegeweest is op een speciale NASA missie: William Rutledge, gepensioneerd en woont nu in Afrika. Hij kwam naarvoren met een aantal verbazingwekkende feiten over zijn betrokkenheid bij NASA aan het eind van de jaren '70.
Rutledge claimt dat hij op tenminste twee missies naar de Maan is geweest, inclusief de mislukte Apollo 19 en de Apollo 20 missie, die naar hij zegt werd gelanceerd in augustus 1976 vanaf de VandenBerg luchtmachtbasis. Deze beide missies waren “geheime gezamenlijke ruimtemissies”, uitgevoerd door de Amerikanen en de Russen. Je vindt ze niet terug op de lijst van officiële missies en als het verhaal waar is, is daar een goede reden voor.
Het doel van deze missies was het onderzoeken van een groot object aan de achterkant van de maan in de Delporte_Iszak regio. Het was voor het eerst ontdekt door de Apollo 15 missie. Het lijkt op een neergestort gigantisch ruimteschip uit oude tijden. Op de volgende foto krijg je ongeveer een idee hoe groot het is:
Scott Waring heeft jarenlang persoonlijk contact gehad met William Rutledge en hij is er dan ook van overtuigd dat de maanbasis waarover in het Wikileaks bericht wordt gesproken, dezelfde is als die waar Rutledge over sprak:
Hier volgen twee van Rutledge afkomstige foto’s van die geheime basis op de maan:
Tijdens hun activiteiten op de maan ontdekten Rutledge en zijn mede astronaut een sigaarvormig ruimteschip in de buurt van de Delporte krater. Zij gingen dit schip binnen door een gat dat zich al aan de zijkant van het ruimtevaartuig bevond en daarbinnen vonden ze glazen buisjes met daarin kleine tweevoetige skeletjes van slechts een paar centimeter lang.
Ook vonden ze daar een vrouwelijke astronaut die later bekend zou worden als de Mona Lisa van de maan. Op het moment dat Rutledge en zijn collega haar vonden was ze in coma en leek mentaal en fysiek verbonden te zijn met het schip.
Ze is nooit meer bij bewustzijn gekomen en ze hebben haar later meegenomen naar de aarde.
Verder ontdekten Rutledge en zijn collega een mooie, maar beschadigde buitenaardse stad op de maan en dit is de stad waarover in het Wikileaks bericht wordt gesproken volgens Scott. Hij denkt dat ze deze basis in een latere missie hebben vernietigd, nadat ze alle mogelijke waardevolle zaken er vandaan hadden gehaald.
In de tijd dat Scott Waring contact had met Rutledge was deze al in de zeventig en vertelde Scott dat hij wat van zijn oude filmmateriaal had omgezet naar digitale video zodat hij dit kon doorgeven voordat hij stierf.
Hieronder volgen enkele van de video’s die Scott heeft gekregen van Rutledge en hij zegt dat ze honderd procent echt zijn.
Nadat Scott het verhaal had gehoord van Rutledge over de Delporte krater is deze wekenlang aan het zoeken geweest en uiteindelijk had hij succes en vond het sigaarvormige schip.
Hoe groot dit schip in werkelijkheid is, wordt duidelijk uit het volgende plaatje.
Toen Scott zijn ontdekking deelde met Rutledge was deze zeer verbaasd over het feit dat NASA deze foto niet had schoon gepoetst en bedankte Scott voor het vertrouwen dat deze altijd in hem had gehad.
Waar Rutledge op dit moment is en of hij nog leeft weet Scott niet, maar wel dat hij ervan overtuigd is dat het bericht van Wikileaks gaat over de stad die Rutledge ontdekte op de maan.
Rocks mysteriously falling from the sky is one of theclassic Fortean phenomenadescribed in Charles Forte’s “Book of the Damned.” Often blamed on poltergeists, pranksters, weather or Bigfoot, these dangerous events are reported frequently in India, which is where the latest occurrence originates. Residents of Raigarh say they now fear nightfall after large rocks have pelted their homes, shops and people since March 2019. With local police not finding any pranksters and India not being a big Bigfoot stomping ground, Raigarheans are suspecting a rock-throwing ghost. Before they call for psychic help, they may want to wait and see if the ghost switches to throwing coins. Wait … what?
“Nobody was found during the search. People in the area live under threat because of this incident. Local people said that it has been happening continuously for five to six days. This makes people in the area feel insecure. The rain of stones starts at seven o’clock in the evening and continues until 11 p.m. Three people were severely injured by stone-pelting on the evening of March 15 due to stones falling on their heads.”
In a Google translation of a report on the media site Patrika.com, residents of Raigarh (a city in east-central India) sound credible and legitimately concerned about the stones and rocks raining down on their village. In the video, they show a pile of the rocks, which they say weigh as much as two kg (4.4 pounds) and appear to all be some kind of quartz. They also show the damage to a house, which is not surprising considering the size of these stones, and report that a number of people have been injured and required medical attention. The local police responsible for the neighborhoods affected have been contacted and bands of young men go out when the rock downpour begins but no human perpetrators have been found.
Ghosts? Stories of poltergeists throwing stones have been told for centuries. A rash of reports in 1682 in New Castle, New Hampshire, gave the phenomena a name: Lithobolia, which is also the name of a 7,000-word narrative folk tale about the event written by Richard Chamberlayne and first printed in 1698 which centers around a stone-throwing devil or demon (the Lithobolia). Stories of spirits throwing stones are a common around the world – there have been recent reports in Zimbabwe, Brazil and another in India. While they could all be blamed on vandals or pranksters, none had concrete proof that the concrete was hurled by humans.
Bigfoot? Those in the Bigfoot research field can call up many examples of the cryptid throwing stones (a common trait of apes as well), and India does have one hairy cryptid – the Mande Burung (jungle man) which is said to resemble a Sasquatch or Yeti and is most often reported in the Meghalaya subtropical forests in the northeastern state of Meghalaya. FYI – that’s about 1,400 km (870 miles) from Raigarh.
It doesn’t appear that Raigarh is in an area prone to seismic activities or rocks falling from mountains. What else could be the cause of its showers of stones? Whatever it is, they may want to wait it out and see if it switches to coins. That’s right … cold, hard cash crashed down from the sky in the Devlochri village of Madhya Pradesh in central India, about 650 km (400 miles) from Raigarh. Patrika.com reports the rain of coins occurred in September 2017 during a thunderstorm. Witnesses reported the coins were of varying denominations and fell in multiple locations. That sounds like a wind or tornado-aided Fortean event like most fish rains turn out to be, but the report had no mentions of a bank or armored car losing a bag of coins to a cyclone. Rich ghosts? Mande Burung celebrating winning the lottery?
Most people in Raigarh would obviously prefer coins over rocks, but what they’d really like are some answers … although 2 kg of rupees would definitely be a nice chunk of change to help pay for the a hole in the roof.
Satellite anomalies and other examples of spaceborne intrigue continue to add up, suggesting that the loomingwar in spacemight be getting closer to hot than we think. In late March 2019, India blew up a satellite in orbit with a missile, littering near-orbits with debris.The display was intended as a show of force for India’s military in the midst of more and more nations testing anti-satellite weaponry and technology.
Shortly after, United States Air Force Secretary Heather Wilson issued a statement which appeared to warn that the U.S. would soon start flexing its muscles in space. At the Space Foundation’s 35th annual Space Symposium this month, Wilson suggested that the Air Force and other armed forces are beginning to shift their focus towards space as the next warfighting domain. With that in mind, Wilson hinted that the U.S. may soon show the world what it’s capable of in space in order to serve as a deterrent for would-be space conflicts:
We looked at all of our missions in space, from missile warning to communications and intelligence collection. We took the best estimates of the threat and presumed a thinking adversary who would respond to the actions that we take. That capability needs to be one that’s understood by your adversary. They need to know there are certain things we can do, at least at some broad level, and the final element of deterrence is uncertainty.
That uncertainty is further hinted at by many recent incidents of strange satellite behavior observed in near-Earth orbit. Earlier this week, satellite tracking firm ExoAnalytic Solutions spotted communications satellite Intelsat 29e behaving erratically. Footage collected with telescopes showed the satellite splintering apart in space as streaks of flammable gasses and debris shot out in all directions. The cause of the satellite’s demise remains unknown, but ExoAnalytic Solutions is currently investigating the incident.
Like all unmanned aircraft, satellites continue to get smaller and smaller, opening up new possibilities for weaponry.
A few days later, astronomers at the Russia-based Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics spotted an anomalous satellite in orbit which appears to be maneuvering between other satellites. Russia, China, and the US have in recent years launched experimental and largely secret micro-satellites which are believed to be able to hijack or manipulate adversaries’ satellites and monitor their communications first-hand. It’s unknown who might be controlling this particular satellite, but of course Russian government mouthpiece Sputnik Newsalleges that it’s the Americans as they always do. But hey, maybe it is. It probably is.
While science fiction has for decades predicted that the next war would happen in space, the fact that many of the superpowers are already testing space weapons shows that art indeed often becomes reality. I’m left to wonder how many of the current anomalous phenomena being observed may be a byproduct of this new weapons testing.
Move over, ‘Oumuamua … there’s a new interstellar object in town. Well, there was, according to Abraham (Avi) Loeb, the astronomer who will be forever linked to ‘Oumuamua because of his theory that the cigar-shaped, not-of-this-solar-system object might actually be artificially made – in other words, an interstellar spaceship or solar sail. Despite some ridicule, Harvard didn’t fire the chair of its Astronomy Department and Loeb went back to work … and has now discovered his own interstellar object which predates ‘Oumuamua. Avi, can you give this one a name that’s easier to spell and pronounce?
“I was very surprised. I didn’t expect that. I thought we will not see anything. But in retrospect, like any discovery, you say, Oh yeah, of course. How could I be so foolish not to look for that in the first place?”
“That” is — or was – a meteor that was reported over Manus Island in Papua New Guinea on January 8, 2014. In a paper that has been submitted to The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Loeb and Harvard undergraduate student Amir Siraj describe how they found the report while reviewing the Center for Near-Earth Object Studies’ catalog of meteor events for objects that had two key ingredients indicating they might be from another galaxy – speed and trajectory.
“We know the motion of the Earth [and] we correct for it—for the gravity of Earth, gravity of the sun, gravity of all the planets.”
Loeb told National Geographic that he and Siraj searched through 30 years of data and found one meteor that had the right combination of both. The meteor was traveling at almost 37 miles per second (134,200 mph or 216,000 km/h) when it disintegrated over Manus Island. That’s too fast to have been slingshot at Earth by a tight loop around the Sun or Jupiter or another planet in the way NASA gives space probes a boost in velocity, which means it was probably fired at us by another star. While there are no pictures of this meteor, the data in the CNEOS catalog indicated an unusual trajectory that, when coupled with its speed, indicated this was most likely an interstellar object that arrived three years before ‘Oumuamua.
“If we identified such a thing in real time, we could take a spectrum and figure out the composition.”
Unfortunately, this one burned up in the atmosphere due to its size — three feet across and weighing about 1,100 pounds. And no, it wasn’t cigar-shaped, so Loeb doesn’t think it was a spaceship. However, it could still have been carrying life forms.
“You can imagine that if these meteors were ejected from the habitable zone of a star, they could help transfer life from one planetary system to another.”
Panspermia! Loeb thinks most of these interstellar objects are much smaller than ‘Oumuamua (1 km long) and will disintegrate before impacting, but much could be learned by beefing up the NEO detection system to catch more of them as they burn up in the atmosphere so their spectrums can be analyzed for mineral content.
That’s not as exciting as finding an alien spaceship, but Avi Loeb seems well on his way to becoming the go-to astronomer for interstellar objects.
A Great Ancient Mystery Never Fully Understood Until No is Finally Solved
A Great Ancient Mystery Never Fully Understood Until Now is Finally Solved
This is an amazing immersion in the ascension teachings of the mystical ancients, including the Sumerians, the Egyptians, the Essenes and the Cathars of Southern France.
Transformation into light being was their goal. William presents persuasive evidence that certain mystics knew the secrets of the Book of Love for activating the spiritual capability of our spiritual DNA and connecting with the “light beyond light” that transforms us into luminous beings (angels) on contact.
This book is the highest teaching of the ancient angels and aliens. A prophecy says the Book of Love would be discovered at a preordained time…our time.
Its power would be so great that all anger, jealousy and fear would vanish from our world. In this beautifully illustrated presentation, you’ll discover techniques for manifesting the Book of Love. More, you’ll discover the next best version of yourself.
Real Alien Human Hybrid Programs - A New Race is Appearing on Earth
Real Alien Human Hybrid Programs -A New Race is Appearing on Earth
In this complimentary episode from George Noory’s Gaia TV show, Beyond Belief, hypnotherapist Barbara Lamb details how many of her clients have had encounters with otherworldly beings; and a number of those have had startling similar experiences which revealed they’d been subjected to extraterrestrial hybridization programs.
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Linda Moulton Howe Something is in the Solar System Sending a Message
Linda Moulton Howe Something is in the Solar System Sending a Message
COAST TO COAST AM. Investigative reporter Linda Moulton Howe delved into radio bursts over a billion light-years from Earth, the decline of coral in Australia’s Great Barrier Reef, and an account of a huge underground pyramid and its link to alien influences.
In January, scientists announced that very rapid radio bursts were mysteriously repeating, which led to the question: Could fast radio bursts be powering alien probes or even interstellar transports with heavy payloads up to a million tons? She spoke with Harvard’s Astronomy Chair, Avi Loeb, who believes such a theory is possible.
The source behind such radio bursts would have to be immensely powerful, which suggests it could be artificial, he indicated, adding that an Earth-sized radiowave beam focused on a huge “light sail” could possibly power interstellar cargo craft.
Scientists Restore Some Functions in a Pig’s Brain Hours after Death
Scientists Restore Some Functions in a Pig’s Brain Hours after Death
Circulation and cellular activity were restored in a pig’s brain four hours after its death, a finding that challenges long-held assumptions about the timing and irreversible nature of the cessation of some brain functions after death, Yale scientists report April 17 in the journal Nature.
The brain of a postmortem pig obtained from a meatpacking plant was isolated and circulated with a specially designed chemical solution. Many basic cellular functions, once thought to cease seconds or minutes after oxygen and blood flow cease, were observed, the scientists report.
Immunofluorescent stains for neurons (green), astrocytes (red), and cell nuclei (blue) in a region of the hippocampus of a pig’s brain left untreated 10 hours after death (left) or subjected to perfusion with the BrainEx technology. Ten hours postmortem, neurons and astrocytes undergo cellular disintegration unless salvaged by the BrainEx system.
Image credit: Stefano G. Daniele & Zvonimir Vrselja; Sestan Laboratory; Yale School of Medicine
“The intact brain of a large mammal retains a previously underappreciated capacity for restoration of circulation and certain molecular and cellular activities multiple hours after circulatory arrest,” said senior author Nenad Sestan, professor of neuroscience, comparative medicine, genetics, and psychiatry.
However, researchers also stressed that the treated brain lacked any recognizable global electrical signals associated with normal brain function.
“At no point did we observe the kind of organized electrical activity associated with perception, awareness, or consciousness,” said co-first author Zvonimir Vrselja, associate research scientist in neuroscience. “Clinically defined, this is not a living brain, but it is a cellularly active brain.”
Cellular death within the brain is usually considered to be a swift and irreversible process. Cut off from oxygen and a blood supply, the brain’s electrical activity and signs of awareness disappear within seconds, while energy stores are depleted within minutes. Current understanding maintains that a cascade of injury and death molecules are then activated leading to widespread, irreversible degeneration.
However, researchers in Sestan’s lab, whose research focuses on brain development and evolution, observed that the small tissue samples they worked with routinely showed signs of cellular viability, even when the tissue was harvested multiple hours postmortem. Intrigued, they obtained the brains of pigs processed for food production to study how widespread this postmortem viability might be in the intact brain. Four hours after the pig’s death, they connected the vasculature of the brain to circulate a uniquely formulated solution they developed to preserve brain tissue, utilizing a system they call BrainEx. They found neural cell integrity was preserved, and certain neuronal, glial, and vascular cell functionality was restored.
The new system can help solve a vexing problem — the inability to apply certain techniques to study the structure and function of the intact large mammalian brain — which hinders rigorous investigations into topics like the roots of brain disorders, as well as neuronal connectivity in both healthy and abnormal conditions.
“Previously, we have only been able to study cells in the large mammalian brain under static or largely two-dimensional conditions utilizing small tissue samples outside of their native environment,” said co-first author Stefano G. Daniele, an M.D./Ph.D. candidate. “For the first time, we are able to investigate the large brain in three dimensions, which increases our ability to study complex cellular interactions and connectivity.”
While the advance has no immediate clinical application, the new research platform may one day be able to help doctors find ways to help salvage brain function in stroke patients, or test the efficacy of novel therapies targeting cellular recovery after injury, the authors say.
The research was primarily funded by the National Institutes of Health’s (NIH) BRAIN Initiative.
“This line of research holds hope for advancing understanding and treatment of brain disorders and could lead to a whole new way of studying the postmortem human brain,” said Andrea Beckel-Mitchener, chief of functional neurogenomics at the NIH’s National Institute of Mental Health, which co-funded the research.
The researchers said that it is unclear whether this approach can be applied to a recently deceased human brain. The chemical solution used lacks many of the components natively found in human blood, such as the immune system and other blood cells, which makes the experimental system significantly different from normal living conditions. However, the researcher stressed any future study involving human tissue or possible revival of global electrical activity in postmortem animal tissue should be done under strict ethical oversight.
“Restoration of consciousness was never a goal of this research,” said co-author Stephen Latham, director of Yale’s Interdisciplinary Center for Bioethics. “The researchers were prepared to intervene with the use of anesthetics and temperature-reduction to stop organized global electrical activity if it were to emerge. Everyone agreed in advance that experiments involving revived global activity couldn’t go forward without clear ethical standards and institutional oversight mechanisms.”
There is an ethical imperative to use tools developed by the Brain Initiative to unravel mysteries of brain injuries and disease, said Christine Grady, chief of the Department of Bioethics at the NIH Clinical Center.
“It’s also our duty to work with researchers to thoughtfully and proactively navigate any potential ethical issues they may encounter as they open new frontiers in brain science,” she said.
Contacts and sources: Bill Hathaway Yale University
Citation: Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours post-mortem. Vrselja, Z. et al. Nature, 2019 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1099-1
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Lost Ancient Civilizations Documentary 2019 Cities Beneath the Jungles, Deserts and Seas
Lost Ancient Civilizations Documentary 2019 Cities Beneath the Jungles, Deserts and Seas
There are many ancient mysteries in human history, none capture the attention as much as long lost civilisations that have never been rediscovered.
In a new, never seen before documentary, we will look in deserts, dense jungles and even underwater and prove that ancient cities are just waiting to be found. With the advance of new technology, it is entirely possible that archaeologists will one day make a history changing discovery that will simply defy comprehension, by unearthing a previously unknown civilisation.
Watch eye-opening documentaries by subscribing and of course hit the bell button in the top right to stay informed of our latest releases. Leave a like, comment and of course share far and wide.
NASA Rover Finds Half-Buried Machine on Mars April 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
NASA Rover Finds Half-Buried Machine on Mars April 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of discovery: April 17, 2019 Location of discovery: Mars Source photo: unknown In this video Youtube TheRealJimmyRoberts1 shows us alien artifacts that no one knew was even there. He has a great eye for details hidden among the mars rocks and debris. This is just one incredible video that you don't want to miss. Scott Waring
Youtube WhatsUpInTheSky37 found some remarkable alien artifacts on Mars in a NASA photo. He has a great eye for detail and as you see in the photo above, there is an alien figure carved into the stone. The carvings appear to be a bit similar to those of the ancient Aztecs here on Earth. Very exciting discoveries and absolute proof that intelligent aliens once lived on Mars.
How much evidence do you need before you accept the idea that Mars was once teeming with microbial life forms? Would two meteorites sent direct from the surface of the Red Planet that are filled with fossils convince you? Then get ready to yell “I believe!” Scientists given permission to take a thin slice out of a proven Martian meteorite have discovered “mineralized biosignatures” – minerals altered by the presence of microbes and their mineralized fossils. Does this call for champagne or a Martian red wine?
“Comparing recent results and interpretation with other meteorites, it can be raised, that on these similarities the microbially mediated biosignatures can be proposed microbial mediation by FeOB on Mars.”
“FeOB” stands for “iron (FE)-oxiding bacteria and it was discovered in the meteorite ALH-77005 Shergottite discovered in Allan Hills in Antarctica in 1977 and named for the Shergotty meteorite found on the planes of Sherghati, India in 1865 and subsequently proven to be the first known meteorite that was once a part of Mars. In their paper published in Open Astronomy (with pictures), Ildiko Gyollai, Márta Polgári and Szaniszló Bérczi from the Hungarian Academy of Science (HAS) Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences described how they used optical microscopy and infrared technology along with isotope tests to identify signs of bacteria which survive by eating iron rust – FeOBs.
Hold on! How do they know Earth FeOBs didn’t leave their signatures on this meteorite after it landed? Good question, but the team is way ahead of you.
“The microbial alteration occur only in recrystallized shock melt pocket and near to opaque minerals. Microbial mediation along rims and fractures of coarse grains are not present, which dismiss the terrestrial alteration origin.”
So, the key indicators do not appear near rims and fractures that would allow them in after the meteorite arrived on Earth. Were any of the microbes alive when the chunk left Mars? That’s possible, but the impact that knocked the large piece out of the Red Planet that became one or more meteors occurred four billion years ago, while the meteorites didn’t come to Earth until about 13,000 years ago.
Researchers may want to go back and check old meteor sites for evidence of microbial signatures
Reports on the study point out that this is the second Martian meteorite to show signs of life. The first, ALH-84001, also came from the Antarctic Allan Hills and microbial indicators were discovered in it in 1996. They also note that skeptics say the features could have non-organic origins, but neither can be proven conclusively.
There’s only one way to do that – more Martian mining rovers or hole-digging humans.
Are aliens hiding a city-sized space station behind our moon, just peeping around the back of it from time to time, in broad daylight and clear skies, to see what we’re up to? That’s what a video posted online recently claims to show. As I’vepostulated before, maybe aliens are trying desperately to get our attention but we’re so thick-headed and resigned to disbelief that they’re forced to keep upping the ante. They tried crop circles, but no one cares about corn. They tried blowing up our cows, but no one cares about cows. They tried shutting off our nukes, but apparently no one cares about nukes either. They’ve sent downmothman, bigfoot, the men in black, time and time again and the people of earth see these impossible things and say “nah.” Alright, they think, time to bring out the big guns. Show ’em the mothership.
The video in question was posted to YouTube by a user named Danil Tumanny—you can watch it here—and gained traction when it was picked up by the popular YouTube channel UFOmania. It seems to show an impossibly huge UFO flying near the moon and disappearing behind it. The UFO looks like a classic doughnut shaped space station like you would see in nearly every piece of science fiction. It’s also what a real giant space station would probably look like. The video was shot in broad daylight, in a cloudless sky. The camera shake is reduced to a minimum, while still being within the limits legally required for a UFO video.
It looks like this, basically.
It sure does look like a big ring of something weird flying around the backside of our beloved satellite. But, like always, there’s a few problems with this video. First, the video is title “123,” has no description, and is tagged in the category “music.” There is no music. We have no details on where, when, or how this video was shot, so there’s no way to check if anyone else saw something strange.
But that shouldn’t really be an issue considering problem number two: If a ship the size of New York City was flying around the moon, in broad daylight, someone else would have seen it. He’s not in the middle of nowhere, you can hear traffic in the background of the video. There’s 7.53 billion people on this planet, and no one else said “well would you look at that?” Maybe the aliens need to up the ante a bit more, because apparently no one cares about city sized spaceships orbiting the moon, either.
Maybe something like this is all that will get our attention.
Lastly, when the ship crosses behind the moon it looks like that edge of the moon sort of flattens out as the ship crosses behind it, which would be proof that it is computer generated. I could be wrong, but this video just doesn’t seem authentic. I don’t want to call it a hoax, because I don’t think that’s what it is. I think a dude was testing out his video editing skills and uploaded the video to YouTube, probably to show a friend or collaborator and never meant for it to gain traction—hence the “123” title and the very wrong category. The video itself doesn’t claim to show anything.
Which makes me a bit more comfortable, honestly. If there was a giant doughnut orbiting the moon and still no one cared, we’d have some big problems on our hands.
They say that truth is stranger than fiction. And they are right – whoever “they” actually are. For me, at least, this really hit home on an expedition I made to Puerto Rico in 2010. It turned out to be one of the most memorable, and strangest, of all my many treks around Puerto Rico, in search of the Chupacabra. It was a Thursday afternoon in January, and, as so often happens, I got a telephone call out of the blue from a television production company that was interested in having me on a new documentary that was just about to be filmed. One of the first questions that the researcher asked me went something like this: “Do you know of any witnesses to the Chupacabra who we can speak to?” Well, yes, I did. Plenty of them. I still do! One of the witness was a woman named Guanina. I met her several years earlier – on a previous TV shoot on Puerto Rico. She lived in Moca, situated on the west side of the island, and which was founded in 1772 by oneDon Jose de Quinonez.
It had been some time since I had first briefly met Guanina, but I told Mark – the guy behind the show – I would give her a call and see if we could get things moving. Fortunately, she remembered me; we had a laugh and a joke on the phone about how, on my earlier trip, all the kids in the neighborhood had come running out to see what was going on when we did a bit of background filming on the outskirts of Moca. Guanina had been a godsend: she and her husband ran a small café and had generously supplied us with plenty of water and soda, as the cameras rolled under a merciless sun. We were soon to interview Guanina. Mark thought we were going to get a definitive tale of the Chupacabra. What he got, however, was something very different – but something very intriguing, too.
Around 2:00 p.m. on the afternoon of our first day of investigation, Mark and I arrived at the café. Guanina gave me a big hug, thrust a cold can of Sprite into my hand, and dished up for me a great meal. Guanina, forty-something, dark-haired and tanned, had an interesting theory about a creature that, back in the mid-1970s, became briefly legendary in the area. It was known as the Moca Vampire, a winged, blood-sucking monster. It was a theory, however, that dated back to around 1987. Mark, barely able to contain himself, eagerly set up his camera and started rolling, as Guanina and I settled back in our chairs to chat. A teenager back in 1987, Guanina used to enjoy walking the hills around Moca. That is, however, until a decidedly traumatic, and even horrific, experience occurred in May 1987 and put paid to all of that. As she strolled around the pathways, Guanina suddenly heard the unmistakable screech of a pig in distress. She raced up the hill, for a further forty or fifty feet or so, and was confronted by a shocking sight: six or seven monkeys were viciously attacking the poor pig, which, by now, was on the ground and clearly close to being in mortal danger.
Guanina shouted at the monkeys, which suddenly ceased their attack, and turned their eyes away from the pig and onto Guanina. For a second or two, there was a tense stand-off. Fortunately, however, the monkeys merely made violent, screaming chatter and then raced away into the deeper grass of the hill. Equally fortunately, the pig – although obviously traumatized, but not physically hurt – unsteadily rose to its feet, stood around for a few minutes, presumably trying to get its bearings, and then wandered off into the undergrowth. Not surprisingly, a terrified Guanina raced down the hill to the safety of her home.
When Guanina told her parents what she had just seen, all three decided to look into the matter further. Scanning various books in the local library, they were soon able to identify the attacking animals as Rhesus monkeys. There were, however, two things that quite rightly puzzled the family: although there are hundreds of Rhesus monkeys on the nearby island of Cayo Santiago – at the Caribbean Primate Research Center – there should not have been any on mainland Puerto Rico. Plus, Rhesus monkeys live chiefly on fruit, cereal and seeds. Occasionally, they will eat bugs and grubs. They are not, however, noted for launching concerted, savage attacks on fully grown pigs. Or, more correctly, normal Rhesus monkeys aren’t known for doing that.
The story was a great one, and Mark was practically ecstatic about the possibility that the Chupacabras were really crazed monkeys. He was also enthused by Guanina’s theory that the 1975 “Moca Vampire” wave was also prompted by attacks by dangerous monkeys. But, the footage never made the cut. Just another few days of memorable, monstrous weirdness!
The late Award-winning journalist and New York Times Best Selling author Jim Marrs presented a program on what the military-trained remote viewers experienced when using this mental technology to study alien life forms at the 2016 Ozark Mountain UFO Conference.
Remote Viewing, a psychic technique developed and utilized by the U.S. Army, may have been instrumental in ending the Cold War as there were no longer any secrets thanks to the psychic experiments on the part of both the Soviets and the U.S.
This practice has since been used to take a look at the different extraterrestrial species interacting with the Earth.
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New Device Creates Electricity from Falling Snow: It's Small Cheap and Flexible
New Device Creates Electricity from Falling Snow: It's Small Cheap and Flexible
UCLA researchers and colleagues have designed a new device that creates electricity from falling snow. The first of its kind, this device is inexpensive, small, thin and flexible like a sheet of plastic.
Credit: CC0 Public Domain
“The device can work in remote areas because it provides its own power and does not need batteries,” said senior author Richard Kaner, who holds UCLA’s Dr. Myung Ki Hong Endowed Chair in Materials Innovation. “It’s a very clever device — a weather station that can tell you how much snow is falling, the direction the snow is falling, and the direction and speed of the wind.”
The researchers call it a snow-based triboelectric nanogenerator, or snow TENG. A triboelectric nanogenerator, which generates charge through static electricity, produces energy from the exchange of electrons.
Hiking shoe with device attached
Credit Abdelsalam Ahmed
“Static electricity occurs from the interaction of one material that captures electrons and another that gives up electrons,” said Kaner, who is also a distinguished professor of chemistry and biochemistry, and of materials science and engineering, and a member of the California NanoSystems Institute at UCLA. “You separate the charges and create electricity out of essentially nothing.”
Snow is positively charged and gives up electrons. Silicone — a synthetic rubber-like material that is composed of silicon atoms and oxygen atoms, combined with carbon, hydrogen and other elements — is negatively charged. When falling snow contacts the surface of silicone, that produces a charge that the device captures, creating electricity.
“Snow is already charged, so we thought, why not bring another material with the opposite charge and extract the charge to create electricity?” said co-author Maher El-Kady, a UCLA assistant researcher of chemistry and biochemistry.
“While snow likes to give up electrons, the performance of the device depends on the efficiency of the other material at extracting these electrons,” he added. “After testing a large number of materials including aluminum foils and Teflon, we found that silicone produces more charge than any other material.”
About 30 percent of the Earth’s surface is covered by snow each winter, during which time solar panels often fail to operate, El-Kady noted. The accumulation of snow reduces the amount of sunlight that reaches the solar array, limiting the panels’ power output and rendering them less effective. The new device could be integrated into solar panels to provide a continuous power supply when it snows, he said.
The device can be used for monitoring winter sports, such as skiing, to more precisely assess and improve an athlete’s performance when running, walking or jumping, Kaner said. It also has the potential for identifying the main movement patterns used in cross-country skiing, which cannot be detected with a smart watch.
It could usher in a new generation of self-powered wearable devices for tracking athletes and their performances.
Credit: Thom Holmes/Unsplas
It can also send signals, indicating whether a person is moving. It can tell when a person is walking, running, jumping or marching.
The research team used 3-D printing to design the device, which has a layer of silicone and an electrode to capture the charge. The team believes the device could be produced at low cost given “the ease of fabrication and the availability of silicone,” Kaner said. Silicone is widely used in industry, in products such as lubricants, electrical wire insulation and biomedical implants, and it now has the potential for energy harvesting.
Co-authors include Abdelsalam Ahmed, who conducted the research while completing his doctoral studies at the University of Toronto; Islam Hassan and Ravi Selvaganapathy of Canada’s McMaster University; and James Rusling of the University of Connecticut and his research team.
Kaner’s research was funded by Nanotech Energy, a company spun off from his research (Kaner is chair of its scientific advisory board and El-Kady is chief technology officer); and Kaner’s Dr. Myung Ki Hong Endowed Chair in Materials Innovation.
Kaner’s laboratory has produced numerous devices, including a membrane that separates oil from water and cleans up the debris left by oil fracking. Fracking is a technique to extract gas and oil from shale rock.
Kaner is among the world’s most influential and highly cited scientific researchers. He was selected as the recipient of the American Institute of Chemists 2019 Chemical Pioneer Award, which honors chemists and chemical engineers who have made outstanding contributions that advance the science of chemistry or greatly impact the chemical profession.
Contacts and sources:
Stuart Wolpert / University of California – Los Angeles (UCLA)
Citation:
All printable snow-based triboelectric nanogenerator. Abdelsalam Ahmed, Islam Hassan, Islam M. Mosa, Esraa Elsanadidy, Gayatri S. Phadke, Maher F. El-Kady, James F. Rusling, Ponnambalam Ravi Selvaganapathy, Richard B. Kaner. Nano Energy, 2019; 60: 17 DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.03.032
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TESS Finds Earth-Sized Planet Orbiting Nearby Star and It's a Hottie
TESS Finds Earth-Sized Planet Orbiting Nearby Star and It's a Hottie
NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, TESS, has discovered its first Earth-sized exoplanet. The planet, named HD 21749c, is the smallest world outside our solar system that TESS has identified yet.
In a paper published today in the journal Astrophysical Journal Letters, an MIT-led team of astronomers reports that the new planet orbits the star HD 21749 — a very nearby star, just 52 light years from Earth. The star also hosts a second planet — HD 21749b — a warm “sub-Neptune” with a longer, 36-day orbit, which the team reported previously and now details further in the current paper.
The new Earth-sized planet is likely a rocky though uninhabitable world, as it circles its star in just 7.8 days — a relatively tight orbit that would generate surface temperatures on the planet of up to 800 degrees Fahrenheit.
NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), shown here in a conceptual illustration, will identify exoplanets orbiting the brightest stars just outside our solar system.
Image: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center
The discovery of this Earth-sized world is nevertheless exciting, as it demonstrates TESS’ ability to pick out small planets around nearby stars. In the near future, the TESS team expects the probe should reveal even colder planets, with conditions more suitable for hosting life.
“For stars that are very close by and very bright, we expected to find up to a couple dozen Earth-sized planets,” says lead author and TESS member Diana Dragomir, a postdoc in MIT’s Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research. “And here we are — this would be our first one, and it’s a milestone for TESS. It sets the path for finding smaller planets around even smaller stars, and those planets may potentially be habitable.”
TESS has been hunting for planets beyond our solar system since it launched on April 18, 2018. The satellite is a NASA Astrophysics Explorer mission that is led and operated by MIT, and is designed to observe nearly the entire sky, in overlapping, month-long patches, or “sectors,” as it orbits the Earth. As it circles our own planet, TESS focuses its four cameras outward to monitor the nearest, brightest stars in the sky, looking for any periodic dips in starlight that could indicate the presence of an exoplanet as it passes in front of its host star.
Over its two-year mission, TESS aims to identify for the astronomy community at least 50 small, rocky planets, along with estimates of their masses. To date, the mission has discovered 10 planets smaller than Neptune, four of their masses which have been estimated, including π Men b, a planet twice the size of Earth, with a six-day orbit around its star; LHS 3844b, a hot, rocky world that’s slightly bigger than Earth and circles its star in a blistering 11 hours; and TOI 125b and c — two “sub-Neptunes” that orbit the same star, both within about a week. All four of these planets were identified from data obtained during TESS’ first two observing sectors — a good indication, the team writes in its paper, that “many more are to be found.”
Dragomir picked out this newest, Earth-sized planet from the first four sectors of TESS observations. When these data became available, in the form of light curves, or intensities of starlight, she fed them into a software code to look for interesting, periodic signals. The code first identified a possible transit that the team later confirmed as the warm sub-Neptune they announced earlier this year.
As is usually the case with small planets, where there’s one, there are likely to be more, and Dragomir and her colleagues decided to comb through the same observations again to see if they could spot any other small worlds hiding in the data.
“We know these planets often come in families,” Dragomir says. “So we searched all the data again, and this small signal came up.”
The team identified a small dip in the light from HD 21749, that occurred every 7.8 days. Ultimately, the researchers identified 11 such periodic dips, or transits, and determined that the star’s light was being momentarily blocked by a planet about the size of the Earth.
While this is the first Earth-sized planet discovered by TESS, other Earth-sized exoplanets have been discovered in the past, mainly by NASA’s Kepler Space Telescope, a since-retired telescope that monitored more than 530,000 stars. In the end, the Kepler mission detected 2,662 planets, many of which were Earth-sized, and a handful of those were deemed to be within their star’s habitable zone — where a balance of conditions could be suitable for hosting life.
However, Kepler observed stars that are many leagues further away than those that are monitored by TESS. Therefore, Dragomir says that following up on any of Kepler’s far-flung, Earth-sized planets would be much harder than studying planets orbiting TESS’ much closer, brighter stars.
“Because TESS monitors stars that are much closer and brighter, we can measure the mass of this planet in the very near future, whereas for Kepler’s Earth-sized planets, that was out of the question,” Dragomir says. “So this new TESS discovery could lead to the first mass measurement of an Earth-sized planet. And we’re excited about what that mass could be. Will it be Earth’s mass? Or heavier? We don’t really know.”
Incredible Alien Disclosure By the Man Who Had a Profound Experience After Landing on the Moon (Video)
Incredible Alien Disclosure By the Man Who Had a Profound Experience After Landing on the Moon (Video)
Extraordinary story of a man who worked at the very top. Traveling back to Earth, having just walked on the moon, Apollo 14 astronaut Edgar Mitchell had an experience for which nothing in his life had prepared him. As he approached the planet we know as home, he was filled with an inner conviction as certain as any mathematical equation he’d ever solved.
He knew that the beautiful blue world to which he was returning is part of a living system, harmonious and whole—and that we all participate, as he expressed it later, “in a universe of consciousness.” Trained as an engineer and scientist, Captain Mitchell was most comfortable in the world of rationality and physical precision. Yet the understanding that came to him as he journeyed back from space felt just as trustworthy—it represented another way of knowing.
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Giant Angelic UFO Followed By Small Armada Of UFOs Near Earths Sun, April 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Angelic UFO Followed By Small Armada Of UFOs Near Earths Sun, April 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: April 8, 2019 Location of sighting: Earths Sun An eyewitness found this angelic UFO in the SOHO/NASA website which show images of filtered sun photos. This angelic craft has been seen many times over the last few years. Every time it has a few smaller ships behind it when it travels. That is probably for safety reasons. Smaller ships might be in danger in space alone, but if they travel behind a larger ship, then they are guaranteed a degree of safety. Since they are heading toward our sun, I can assume that I was right when I said in the past that the Sun is hollow and being used by aliens. Hollow sun theory, a concept I invented and this is 100% evidence that I was correct. Scott C. Waring-UFO researcher
Missing Mechanical Genius Left Note That He Will Board Alien Space Craft, April 2019, UFO Sighting News.
Missing Mechanical Genius Left Note That He Will Board Alien Space Craft, April 2019, UFO Sighting News.
Here is a man who was considered a mechanical genius. Who found an old train engine in the forest, hauled it out and restored it. Who built a WW2 plane by hand and much more. He said he could communicate telepathically with aliens and left a note to his parents saying that he was going on a long trip but would be back. That was 40 years ago and he is still missing today.
There is no doubt in my mind that aliens do telepathically connect with some humans who put in the effort to try and some even get a chance to meet them. I do believe that Granger Tylor did actually do what he said he said in the note. He was too intelligent and too serous of a man to act irrationally. So, somewhere out there is our little buddy on some alien world living among a alien species and communication and learning things we can only dream about. What are the benefits of living with a space faring species? Well, eternal life is one...aliens would have such advanced technology that its possible to extend your life for thousands of years and maybe forever. For another they could genetically enhance him to learn more, retain more information and basically be more on the aliens intelligence level than our lower primitive level. With such a stimulating environment I totally understand why he never came back home. Scott C. Waring
Japanese Tech Guy Makes RC Toy UFO That Could Be Confused For Real Thing, April 2019, UFO Sighting News.
Japanese Tech Guy Makes RC Toy UFO That Could Be Confused For Real Thing, April 2019, UFO Sighting News.
This Remote control drone UFO was made by a Japanese person and really could be mistaken for a UFO if it were in the right light and position. I believe a lot of UFO researchers are going to have to keep an eye out for these RC toys that could potentially be mistaken for the real thing. Don't get me wrong, toys are fun for kids, however I do believe deceiving people on purpose is not only immoral but unethical.
But if you notice that this UFO has two back fan areas for propulsion forward and the four landing legs with some other protruding loose wires...it can be easily deduced (if close up) that its just an RC toy. But toys are looking more and more real. There are reports about real UFOs the size of a baseball, one of which I was personally witness too a few years back. It was an semi transparent orb. Nothing like this primitive looking craft.
Island Size UFO Rises Out Of Water Seen On Radar For Seven Hours! Video, UFO Sighting News.
Island Size UFO Rises Out Of Water Seen On Radar For Seven Hours! Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting:April 2019 Location of sighting: Eastern Pacific Ocean Imagine this...a triangle the size of a island rises out of the Pacific Ocean in front of your eyes. This is what happened to Youtuber MrMBB333 this week. As you see from the video below, this dark triangle rose up from the ocean and hovered for seven full hours before disappearing. Why? Because the ship cannot enter space when water is still on the ship or it will disrupt their electrical shields and could compromise the ships outer hull if it freezes in space. Imagine a ship traveling at the speed of light...can you imagine how cold that water would get on the outer hull and how it could throw off navigation too? Yeah, so the giant ship waited for the water to drain off of it. Must have been as big as an island. Scott C. Waring Eyewitness states:
What appears to be TWO LARGE stationary crafts visible by satellite! Same location for 7 hours.
Glowing Orange UFOs Hovering Over Water In Scotland, April 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Glowing Orange UFOs Hovering Over Water In Scotland, April 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: April 2019
Location of sighting: Scotland, UK
The eyewitness caught two glowing orange UFOs in hovering over the waters surface in Scotland this week. The UFOs seem to be each about the size of motorcycles. At about .7 meters high and 2 meters long each...these UFOs must have come up from below the water. There are many alien underground bases around the world, often in mountains or volcanoes, but most are underwater locations to stop humans from stumbling upon them. I think what we have discovered is a new location of an old alien base in Scotland.
These two UFOs are very similar to the famous Florida coast sighting by Dr Steven Greer back in Feb of 2015 when they saw two glowing orange UFOs hover for over ten minutes by a dozen eyewitnesses I will put the video of that 2015 event at the bottom of this post to compare and contrast.
👽 Two UFOs Buzz Past Chinese Space Station During Undocking On Live Cam! April 2019, UFO Sighting News.👽
👽 Two UFOs Buzz Past Chinese Space Station During Undocking On Live Cam! April 2019, UFO Sighting News.👽
Date of discovery: April 2019 👽 Location of discovery: Earths orbit at Tiangong docking Two UFOs shot past the Chinese module when it was docking at the Shenzhou space station. The Tiangong module is 3.35 meters wide. Using that measurement and comparing in the photo to the UFO, I come up with a UFO size of .33 meters or one foot across. That is a huge object to be near the module as its departing the space station. And the fact that there are two of them is absolutely amazing. The small UFOs were traveling in the same direction so they were probably together keeping watch over the Chinese and their activities in space. These are alien controlled drones. They appear whitish far away, but close up more transparent and opal color when a 2 meters away or closer. If you remember, the shuttle Atlantis back in 2006 had a dozen similar UFOs surrounding it on world news. Back then NASA was so worried that they told the news and said the shuttle coming back to earth will be delayed for a while until the unknown objects are gone. A day later they left. (video of event at bottom of this post.) Scott C. Waring
Prehistory Decoded at Gobekli Tepe: From a Cataclysmic Event Dawns the Origin and Perhaps the End of Civilization
Prehistory Decoded at Gobekli Tepe:From a Cataclysmic Event Dawns the Origin and Perhaps the End of Civilization
Around 13,000 years ago, theEarthburned. A swarm ofcomet debris from the Taurid meteor stream had blasted the Americas and parts of Europe; the worst day in prehistory since the end of the ice age. Many species of large animal were exterminated by the conflagration and ensuing cataclysms. And those that survived the initial onslaught could do little against the floods, acid rain, and starvation that followed.
People suffered too. Mankind was knocked backwards by this cataclysm into even more primitive stone-age ways of life, leaving sickly, frightened communities battling for survival. Vegetation, and the animals that grazed it, could not live in the weak half-light of day or the starless black of night. And without them, life was bleak and hard.
Many years passed before the dust settled and the stars could be seen again. The sun and moon gradually strengthened and slowly the natural order of things returned. But this devastating cataclysmic event was not forgotten.
The Cataclysmic Birth of Religion
In the Fertile Crescent, modern day southern Turkey, the surviving Natufian tribes memorialized this great catastrophe by erecting Gobekli Tepe, the world’s first temple. The event had changed them – made them more fearful and religious. They prayed at their new stone temple for protection, deliverance, and anything else that might help. And they watched the sky, very carefully.
Their community swelled and their temple grew. Needs were met and they further developed agriculture to support the growing number of sedentary mouths that camped within sight of their monument. Centuries passed and their community developed new skills. Their temple became more complex and ornate, and more famous.
People gathered in their thousands, traveling for hundreds of miles, to witness the greatest accomplishment of their age. They came to read the messages, written with animal symbols and other abstract forms, on Gobekli Tepe’s giant stone pillars, and to take part in its religious ceremonies. Civilization had begun.
Gobekli Tepe archaeological site, southern Turkey.
It spread like a contagion. The potent mix of religion and agriculture propelled this new lifestyle outwards into the Eurasian and African continents. The greatest revolution in history was underway.
But nothing lasts forever in this world. In time, new cultural centers arose that out-competed Gobekli Tepe. New fashions took hold in each capital, promulgated by those with much to gain, and Gobekli Tepe’s star slowly faded.
Three thousand years after it was founded, Gobekli Tepe was purposefully buried to protect its heritage. The messages written on its walls, effectively witness accounts of the darkest catastrophe in 20,000 years, were hidden from waves of marauding invaders, scheming looters, and many others that walked over it.
Until, that is, they were rediscovered by Klauss Schmidt in 1994. Twenty years after that, Paul Burley and Graham Hancock found the key to unlock these messages and they were read properly again, for the first time in 10,000 years and by me two years ago. Hardly believing what I had stumbled upon, I wrote a peer-reviewed paper, with my colleague Dimitrios Tsikritsis, that hit headlines across the world.
Our ‘Fox’ paper showed the animal symbols at Gobekli Tepe, apart from snakes, represented constellations – the same constellations we know in the West today. The snakes emanating or threatening the animal symbols therefore represented meteors from the Taurid meteor stream. One pillar in particular, Pillar 43, is especially important as it allows their writing to be decoded using statistical methods. It is our Rosetta Stone. And the message written on this pillar is profound – as it very likely encodes the date of the Younger Dryas event itself, written in terms of precession of the equinoxes.
This pillar reveals many new insights that overthrow commonly accepted norms of scholarship. It is revolutionary. Most importantly, it tells us that ancient people were far more sophisticated astronomers than previously thought. And it also confirms that Clube and Napier’s coherent catastrophism, a theory that proposes multiple devastating comet impacts on Earth over the last 20,000 years or so, with perhaps more to come, is correct. Essentially, it tells us to ‘beware’, for the cosmos is not as safe as once thought.
Copy of Pillar 43 in Sanliurfa museum. ( Image courtesy of Alistair Coombs, author supplied)
Clearly, this is not the story we tell our children, or we were told as children. Most academics across the Earth Sciences still hold to the ‘uniformitarian’ paradigm developed over 200 years ago by James Hutton, which reassures us that Earth is safe from these kinds of devastating impact. While the dinosaur-killing asteroid story has been bought by most, uniformitarianism maintains that such events could not have happened over the timespan of human development. These events are, supposedly, about as rare as fairies.
Staying Safe from Cataclysmic Events
But we now know this view is wrong. It is a delusion. Uniformitarianism is dead and should be buried. In any case, every scientist should automatically be suspicious of it. In technical terms, uniformitarianism is an extreme form of ‘extrapolation’. It proposes that only the geological process we have witnessed over the last few hundred years (corresponding to the scientific revolution) can have ever happened on Earth, or at least within the last few million years. It effectively ignores rare events, in particular those originating from space. But as any decent scientist knows, rare events often dominate complex systems, like Earth’s environment. And, in general, extrapolations are normally avoided altogether in science, or used only with great caution. So why has uniformitarianism been so popular?
I’m not sure of the answer to this. Possibly there is a psychological dimension to it. Perhaps, speaking generally, we would rather not confront the dangers that face us, especially if there is little we can do about them. Nevertheless, from a scientific perspective, uniformitarianism is wholly unsatisfactory and needs to be binned.
How can I be so confident of this? How can I state with such assurance that most of academia has got it wrong, while I and at least 70 other scientists (including the Comet Research Group) are right? Well, apart from the lunacy of uniformitarianism, there are three major lines of physical evidence the cataclysm to draw on, each of which is iron-clad and revolutionary in its own right.
Combined, they all point in the same direction to provide an unassailable paradigm changing case. Briefly, there is the geochemical, astronomical, and archaeological evidence.
Beginning with geochemistry, it is now known that a disaster of cosmic dimensions struck earth nearly 13,000 years ago. Nanodiamonds, microscopic iridium-enriched magnetic grains and elevated levels of platinum, all of which are strong indicators of a comet impact, have been found at the base of the Younger Dryas Boundary (or Black Mat) – a ubiquitous layer of discolored sediment dating to the onset of the Younger Dryas mini ice-age. Their presence, spanning at least three continents, has been confirmed by multiple independent research groups within the last 10 years. Moreover, a frozen layer of platinum dust occurs in the Greenland ice sheet at precisely the same time ‘horizon’. Attempts to refute this evidence are badly flawed in a fundamental and surprisingly basic way.
(I mage courtesy of the Comet Research Group, a uthor supplied)
Next, there is the astronomical evidence. Observations of comets beyond Jupiter, the frequency with which they enter the inner solar system, and their fragmentation within the inner solar system , all suggest that intense comet impacts on Earth with global consequences are expected on the timescale of human development.
Distribution of the Younger Dryas Boundary.
( Image courtesy of the Comet Research Group author supplied)
Moreover, observations of comet fragments accompanying Encke in the Taurid meteor stream, along with the massive zodiacal dust cloud, strongly suggest they should also have occurred on the even shorter timescale of human civilization. Indeed, it would be a major surprise if none were found. Therefore, an event on the scale of the Younger Dryas impact nearly 13,000 years ago is entirely expected.
Break-up of comet 73P, Schwassmann-Wachmann, observed with the Spitzer Space Telescope.
( Image courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech/W. Reach, a uthor supplied)
Ancient Astronomers
Finally, we have the animal symbols at Gobekli Tepe and in cave art. The general view is that these are examples of ‘animism’, a kind of shamanism. However, we now know, without a shadow of doubt, that these animal symbols are symbolic, and actually represent the same star constellations we know today on the various equinoxes and solstices. They demonstrate that precession of the equinoxes was known many tens of thousands of years ago, and therefore that Hipparchus of the Ancient Greeks were not the first to discover this effect in the 2 nd century BC, as commonly believed.
Gobekli Tepe and Pillar 43 provided the key to understanding this, but our Fox paper left some room for doubt. This doubt has been effectively eliminated by my more recent peer-reviewed paper, this time with Alistair Coombs, that demonstrates that the same zodiacal system can be used to ‘read’ west European cave art, such as at Lascaux, Chauvet and Altamira. Indeed, the Lascaux Shaft Scene can be interpreted as a memorial to another devastating comet impact, this time in 15,150 BC. This is no mere speculation – our zodiacal theory has been proven in a scientific sense.
(Image courtesy of Alistair Coombs, author supplied)
Indeed, even the earliest accepted example of figurative art, the 40,000 year old Lion-man of Hohlenstadel cave, obeys this zodiacal system – in this case this sculpture likely represents the constellation Cancer on the winter solstice at that time.
All this evidence, and more, is summarized in my recent book Prehistory Decoded . As well as piecing this evidence together to create a coherent picture of the last 40,000 years, I also show how it relates to the origin of civilization, the origin of religion, and the true age of the Great Sphinx .
The Lion-man of Hohlenstadel cave. (Thilo Parg / CC BY-SA 3.0 )
Bronze Age Ship Found in the Mediterranean is World’s Oldest Shipwreck!
Bronze Age Ship Found in the Mediterranean is World’s Oldest Shipwreck!
Archaeologists have announced the discovery of a shipwreck loaded with copper ingots in the Aegean Sea that dates back 3,600 years, making it the oldest shipwreck ever found. It is the most important finding in underwater archaeology in at least the last decade.
According toAnadolu Agency, the discovery was made by a team of experts from the Underwater Research Center of the Akdeniz University (UA) in Turkey.
It was found in 160 feet (50m) of water off the western coast of Antalya, a well-known tourist centre. The wreck is over 50 feet long (15m) and was made out of wood. Despite its age, much of the ship is still intact and still carries its precious cargo
A Cargo of Copper
A team of expert divers was assembled and investigated the wreck using the latest technology. They found a massive haul of copper ingots that weighs of 1.5 tons. According to 9 news , the vessel was ‘carrying the earliest industrial products in the world’. Copper was very much prized in the Bronze Age and was used to manufacture weapons, jewelry, tools, and many other valuable goods.
The divers and researchers identified the cargo by conducting ‘three-dimensional scans of the shipwreck via sonar surveys, photographic mosaic and photo-scanning’ according to Daily Sabah .
The ingots were removed from the site and examined by the team and these allowed the wreck to be dated.
A preliminary investigation, by Turkish and international experts, has established that the boat dates to approximately 1600 BC. The Daily Mirror quotes Archaeologist Hakan Oniz as stating "from the typology of the bullion, we determined the shipwreck was one of the merchant vessels of the 16th century BC’’. More tests such as carbon dating may also be carried out in the future to confirm the dating.
Turkish underwater archaeologists discover a 3,600-year-old Bronze Age shipwreck, which could be the world's "oldest," filled with tons of copper bullion off the coast of Antalya in southern Turkey http://sabahdai.ly/5PSyzi
If dating is confirmed, then the newly-discovered shipwreck will be the oldest sunken ship that has ever been found, and an incredible 1200 years older than the Greek merchant ship found off Bulgaria's Black Sea coast last year, which had been described as the world's oldest known intact shipwreck.
It is also centuries older than the Uluburun shipwreck , which dates to approximately 1400 BC, and is not intact but was the oldest that had been found prior to this new discovery. This sunken ship was also found off the coast of Turkey and many artifacts from the wreck are on display in a museum in Bodrum.
Sudden storms are not uncommon in the Aegean and many ships lay submerged on the seabed. This makes the waters off the Turkish coast so rich in underwater archaeological sites and treasures. There are an estimated 167 underwater sites off the Western coast of Turkey.
Imaging of ROV visiting the previous oldest intact shipwreck known, found at the bottom of the Black Sea.
It seems likely that the merchant vessel sunk in a storm and while transporting copper from Cyprus, which was a very important producer of mineral ore in the Bronze Age. It is speculated that the ship was sunk on its way to an unidentified destination on the coast of Turkey. There is also a theory that it may have been on its ways to the island of Crete which was the home of the great Minoan Civilization .
The exact location of the submerged vessel has not yet been revealed because of fears that it could be looted. A five-year plan to excavate and preserve the site has been announced and more discoveries are expected to be made at the site. It is hoped that any artifacts found will be exhibited at a planned new museum.
The local governor compared the wreck to the site of 'Gobekli Tepe', which is changing our understanding of how societies evolved. Here the oldest temple yet found is providing clues as to how early societies evolved and the role of religion. The wreck could provide new insights into the Bronze Age, especially its international trade and relations.
Top image:The 3,600-year-old shipwreck found in the Aegean Sea. Credit: Anadolu Agency
WETENSCHAP Stonehenge – het megalithische bouwwerk in het Verenigd Koninkrijk – is een raadselachtig monument waarvan nog vele mysteries opgelost moeten worden. Nieuw onderzoek licht alweer een tipje van de sluier en omschrijft waar de bouwers van Stonehenge precies vandaan kwamen.
Opgepast, want er volgt meteen al een spoiler: de krachtpatsers waren niet afkomstig van het Verenigd Koninkrijk. Uit DNA-onderzoek blijkt dat de voorouders helemaal van Anatolië, het huidige Turkije, kwamen. Ze bereikten het Verenigd Koninkrijk omstreeks 4.000 voor Christus.
Zo’n 900 jaar later (3.100 voor Christus) begonnen hun nakomelingen aan het indrukwekkende bouwwerk. Weet wel dat het Stonehenge-complex in verschillende fases gebouwd werd. In totaal zou men er zo’n 3.000 jaar aan werken. Omstreeks 2.500 voor Christus begonnen ze met de eerste blauwe hardstenen te sleuren waardoor het monument stilaan de vorm begon aan te nemen die we nu kennen.
Voordat de voorouders van de bouwers het Verenigd Koninkrijk bereikten, legden ze een hele weg af. Ze reisden voornamelijk langs de kustlijn van de Middellandse zee en passeerden daarbij landen zoals Griekenland, Spanje en Portugal. Uiteindelijk bereikten ze enkele honderden jaren later het noorden van Groot-Brittannië.
Onderweg deelden de Anatolische volkeren hun kennis. Die kennis was tweeledig: ze deden aan landbouw terwijl er in de meeste Midden-Europese landen nog jager-verzamelaars woonden. Bovendien keken de andere volkeren toe hoe de krachtpatsers stenen monumenten – beter bekend als megalieten – bouwden.
De twee groepen, jager-verzamelaars en boeren, leefden gescheiden van elkaar. De eerste groep had een donkere huid en blauwe ogen, terwijl de tweede groep bleker was, zwarte haren had en donkere ogen. Na een tijdje maakten de primitievere volkeren plaats voor de landbouwers, landbouwers die graag indrukwekkende monumenten bouwden.
Nieuwe cultuur
Rond 2.400 voor Christus maakten de Anatolische volkeren alweer plaats voor nieuwkomers. De klokbekercultuur zou de plaatselijke bevolking volledig gaan vervangen. Zij herstructureerden de blauwe stenen, iets minder nauwkeurig dan de vroegere boeren deden. Omdat de stenen minder grondig in de grond verankerd werden, zouden sommige exemplaren doorheen te tijd beginnen te hellen.
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Declassified documents reveal Project Horizon: The Lunar utpost of the US Army
Declassified documents reveal Project Horizon: The Lunar Outpost of the US Army
Declassified documents reveal Project Horizon 1959: Plans of the United States Army to build a manned lunar outpost.
“The establishment of a manned base of operations on the moon has tremendous military and scientific potential. Because invaluable scientific, military, and political prestige will come to the nation that first establishes a lunar base, it is imperative that the United States be first.“ (Source)
It isn’t a secret that Earth’s moon has been considered as a critical strategic celestial body. Looking back at history, we will find that numerous countries had planned ‘scientific’ outposts on its surface. However, there are certain documents that have only recently revealed militarization projects of the moon.
There is a requirement for a manned military outpost on the moon. The lunar outpost is required to develop and protect potential United States interests on the moon; to develop techniques in moon-based surveillance of the earth and space, in communications relay, and in operations on the surface of the moon; to serve as a base for exploration of the moon, for further exploration into space and for military operations on the moon if required; and to support scientific investigations on the moon. (Source)
On June 9, 1959, the United States Government decided that the construction of a lunar outpost is of great importance to the country. Project Horizon: The establishment of a Lunar Outpost was created in response to growing interest of other nations, like the Soviet Union in the militarization and exploration of the moon. However, its primary goal was to protect potential United States interests on the lunar surface.
During 1959, the Space Race was adopting a whole new level. Two years after the initial proposal of Project Horizon, the first Apollo mission would launch, on October 27, 1961, creating a new chapter in the history of mankind. However, countries around the globe –primarly the US and the Soviet Union—werent only planning traveling to the moon and placing astronauts into orbit around the planet, their plans were way ahead of time, and they had numerous projects already lined up that would have kickstarted the militarization of our solar system.
The rapid advances in propulsion, electronics and space medicine and other astronautical sciences in the 1950’s would have allowed the successful construction of a military outpost on the moon.
„To be second to the Soviet Union in establishing an outpost on the moon would be disastrous to our nation’s prestige and in turn to our democratic philosophy. Although it is contrary to United States policy, the Soviet Union in establishing the first permanent base may claim the moon or critical areas thereof for its own.“ (Source)
The outpost was planned to be of sufficient size in order to contain sufficient equipment that would later be used in the militarization and exploration of the moon. The military outpost was designed in order to allow the survival and moderate, constructive activity of ONE person, and 10-20 on a sustained basis.
During planning, researchers considered that the outpost needed to be designed for expansion facilities, supply and operation of personnel in order to maintain the maximum extension of sustained occupancy. The futuristic project of 1959 was planned to be self-sufficient for as long as possible without any additional support from Earth.
However, not only was Project Horizon the first step of lunar militarization, the base was designed so it could sever as a permanent manned installation on the moon, which eventually would allow the investigation of scientific, commercial and military potential on the lunar surface.
The lunar outpost was intended to serve as an observation post which would facilitate –in the near future—travel between Earth, the moon and eventual exploration of our solar system and outer space.
The establishment of a manned US outpost on the moon will:
Demonstrate the United States scientific leadership in outer space
Support scientific explorations and investigations.
Extend and improve space reconnaissance and surveillance capabilities and control of space.
Extend and improve communications and serve as a communications relay station.
Provide a basic and supporting research laboratory for space research and development activity.
Develop a stable, low-gravity outpost for use as a launch site for deep space exploration.
Provide an opportunity for scientific exploration and development of a space mapping and survey system.
Provide an emergency staging area, rescue capability or navigational aid for other space activity.
Project Horizon included a ‘sophisticated’ defense system that would be incorporated into the lunar outpost. The base would be defended against Soviet overland attack by man-fired weapons:
Unguided Davy Crockett rockets with low-yield nuclear warheads
Conventional Claymore mines modified to puncture pressure suits
Take in count that all of this was possible in 1959. Over half a century later, with the numerous technological advancements, just imagine what we are capable of.
A document published by Wikileaks clearly implies that the United States had a "secret" base on the Moon that was destroyed by Russia. It's one of many interesting documents that suggest strange things are and have been happening on the Moon.
Reflect On:
Is our world really as it's been presented? There are millions of pages of documents that are classified by multiple countries every single year, how is it possible to really determine what's going on behind the scenes? Why does secrecy rule?
The Assange arrest is scandalous in several respects, and one of them is the effort of governments, and it’s not just the US government… The efforts to silence a journalist who was producing materials that people in power didn’t want the rascal multitude to know about… That’s basically what happened. Wikileaks was producing things that people ought to know about those in power, people in power don’t like that. So therefore we have to silence it. – Noam Chomsky (source)
The idea that something strange may be happening on the Moon is not far fetched at all. In fact, given all of the information that’s now available within the public domain on the subject, it’s hard to see how it’s not a fact. We’ll get to some of that information later in this article; but first, let’s draw our attention to a strange Wikileaks document titled, “Report That UR Destroyed Secret Moon Base.”
Unfortunately, the document is not an electronic document, therefore access to its full contents is not available online. For anybody truly interested in reading the entire thing, a Freedom of Information Act Request (FOIA) may be in order.
Without speculating here, we can conclude that this is what it says it is, a report regarding possible space wars that are taking place in the classified world. The document title alone not only exposes the reality of these alleged wars, but the possibility of a “Secret Moon Base” belonging to the United States that apparently was in operation until it was destroyed by “UR.” (Soviet Union)
So, what other information exists, besides this document, showing that something strange is and has been happening on the Moon? There’s a lot of information, so it’s hard to know where to begin.
First of all, the idea of bases on the Moon have been an open discussion within the government for a long time, although the information isn’t easy to find, but it’s definitely out there. A document from the government’s own publishing office is a great example. It clearly shows one of the goals of the United States government is to build a base on the Moon, and this is as far back as 1966. (source)
A portion of the document reads, with reference to presidents Kennedy and Johnson in a statement by HON. George P. Miller:
I also believe that we can and will achieve the goal set by Presidents Kennedy and Johnson: a manned landing on the moon before 1970. My own confidence in our rapidly advancing science and technology is such that I can visualize many more dramatic achievements ahead, although I will fix no timetable for them. 1. The exploration of the lunar surface, and possibly the establishment of one or more permanent bases there.
Furthermore, decades old documents have been declassified discussing this topic, showing just how serious and far possible advancements with these intentions have gone.
Take a look at the screen shot below, taken from the CIA electronic reading room in the form of a memorandum that was addressed to the CIA director regarding “Military Thought (Top Secret)” by Lieutenant General Korenevskiy.
The document above really goes into detail regarding the importance of weaponizing space. This brings to mind another document from Wikileaks, in the form of an email that was sent to politician John Podesta from Dr. Edgar Mitchell, Apollo 14 astronaut, and Dr. Carol Rosin. It reads as follows:
Dear John, Because the War in Space race is heating up, I felt you should be aware of several factors as you and I schedule our Skype talk. Remember, our nonviolent ETI from the contiguous universe are helping us bring zero point energy to Earth. They will not tolerate any forms of military violence on Earth or in space. The following information in italics was shared with me by my colleague Carol Rosin, who worked closely for several years with Wernher von Braun before his death. Carol and I have worked on the Treaty on the Prevention of the Placement of Weapons in Outer Space, attached for your convenience.
A declassified report by the Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center from June 1959 shows just how seriously they considered a plan called Project A119. In general, they wanted to investigate the capability of weapons in space as well as gain further insight into the space environment and the detonation of nuclear devices within it.
Interesting to say the least, but it’s important to recognize the intentions behind the letter, and that is the recognition that humans have brought and will continue to bring their destructive ways into space by weaponizing it or attempting to weaponize it.
With all of this documentation, it’s also interesting to look into witness testimonies from credible sources.
In the 1950s, Colonel Ross Dedrickson was responsible for maintaining the inventory of the nuclear weapon stockpile for the AEC, and for accompanying security teams testing the security of the weapons, among many other duties. When it comes to weaponizing space, which is clearly outlined within multiple documents linked above, this is what he had to say:
“I also learned about incidents involving nuclear weapons, and among these incidents were a couple of nuclear weapons sent into space that were destroyed by the extraterrestrials… At the very end of the 70s and the early 80s, we attempted to put a nuclear weapon on the Moon and explode it for scientific measurements and other things, which was not acceptable to the extraterrestrials. They destroyed the weapon before it got to the Moon.” (source)
Dedrickson is one of hundreds of whistleblowers with verified, credible and impressive backgrounds to speak up about an extraterrestrial presence. In that same interview, he went on to state that:
A spacecraft went to the rescue of Apollo 13, and they accompanied Apollo 13 on their voyage around the Moon back to Earth. And on two occasions they thought they might have to transfer the crew to their spacecraft, but they saw them safely back to Earth.
This may explain why several astronauts have also been quite outspoken about an extraterrestrial presence, like Edgar Mitchell, Brian O’Leary, Story Musgrave, Gordon Cooper and many others.
Another document from 1965 regarding the CIA keeping tabs on Soviet space plans reads as follows:
Keep in mind, this was more than 50 years ago.
Below is an interesting quote from Carl Sagan:
It is not out of the question that artifacts of these visits still exist, or even that some kind of base is maintained (possibly automatically) within the solar system to provide continuity for successive expeditions. Because of weathering and the possibility of detection and interference by the inhabitants of the Earth, it would be preferable not to erect such a base on the Earth’s surface. The Moon seems one reasonable alternative. Forthcoming high resolution photographic reconnaissance of the Moon from space vehicles – particularly of the back side – might bear these possibilities in mind. (source)
George Leonard’s 1976 book, Somebody Else is on the Moon, and Fred Steckling’s 1981 book, We Discovered Alien Bases on The Moon, also come to mind when discussing this subject.
Members of the Society For Planetary SETI Research (SPSR)recently published a paper in the Journal of Space Exploration about certain features on the far side of the Moon that appear in the crater Paracelsus C. Titled “Image Analysis of Unusual Structures on the Far Side of the Moon in the Crater Paracelsus C,” it argues that these features might be artificial in origin.
The study makes a great point when it comes to the extraterrestrial hypothesis:
A decidedly conservative mainstream scientific establishment often rejects anomalies based on subject matter alone, i.e., there cannot be alien artifacts on the moon because there are no alien artifacts on the moon (or other planets). Such a view is an example of circular reasoning, based on the belief that extraterrestrials do not exist, or if they do exist that they could not have traveled to our solar system.
The truth is, “there is abundant evidence that we are being contacted, that civilizations have been visiting us for a very long time.”
– Dr. Brian O’Leary, former NASA astronaut and Princeton Physics Professor (source)
When it comes to the Moon, man-made bases may not be the only ones there.
As far as our own bases are concerned, Karl Wolfe, who was a precision electronics photograph technician at Langley Air Force Base, became well-known when he provided his testimony at National Press Club in Washington, D.C. as part of Dr. Steven Greer’s disclosure project.(source)
Wolfe’s testimony revealed that he was taken into a dark room where images from NASA’s Lunar Orbiter were being developed and stitched together into composite images called “mosaics.”
“They were doing 35 mm strips of film at the time which were then assembled into 18 ½ x 11 mosaics. Those strips were from successive passes around the Moon and they would build up a photograph ,” Wolfe said.(source)
“We walked over to one side of the lab and he said, ‘By the way, we’ve discovered a base on the backside of the moon.’”
Dr. John Brandenburg, the Deputy Manager of the Clementine Mission to the Moon, which was part of a joint space project between the Ballistic Missile Defence Organization (BMDO) and NASA, has also made some fascinating revelations. The mission discovered water at the Moon’s poles in 1994 (Source: page 16 of 18)(source)(source). But, according to Dr. Brandenburg, the Clementine Mission had an ulterior agenda:
“The Clementine Mission was a photo reconnaissance mission basically to check out if someone was building bases on the Moon that we didn’t know about. Were they expanding them?… Of all the pictures I’ve seen from the Moon that show possible structures, the most impressive is a picture of a miles-wide recto-linear structure. This looked unmistakably artificial, and it shouldn’t be there. As somebody in the space defence community, I look on any such structure on the Moon with great concern because it isn’t ours, there’s no way we could have built such a thing. It means someone else is up there.” (Quote from the documentary, “Aliens on the Moon.”)
Related Articles
There are other strange facts about our Moon that’ve been pointed out by some very credible sources. I go into more detail regarding the actual structure of the Moon and what it is as well as the evidence suggesting it could be artificially made in the article linked below:
A Michigan State University economist teamed up with multiple researchers, including Catherine Austin Fitts, former assistant secretary of Housing and Urban Development. They found trillions of unaccounted for dollars missing from housing & D.O.D and going towards black budget programs. You can read more about that here.
We are talking about Special Access Programs (SAP). We have unacknowledged and waived SAPs. These programs do not exist publicly, but they do indeed exist. They are better known as ‘deep black programs.’ A 1997 US Senate report described them as “so sensitive that they are exempt from standard reporting requirements to the Congress.” (source)
I am mentioning this stuff because, whatever is happening with regards to the Moon, you can bet that it’s being funded by trillions of dollars from within these deep black budget programs. These are our tax dollars hard at work.
We don’t really hear about black budget programs, or about people who have actually looked into them. However, the topic was discussed in 2010 by Washington Post journalists Dana Priest and William Arkin. Their investigation lasted approximately two years and concluded that America’s classified world has:
Become so large, so unwieldy and so secretive that no one knows how much money it costs, how many people it employs, how many programs exist within it or exactly how many agencies do the same work. (source)
CE founder Joe Martino recently went deep into this subject on an episode of CETV, it will be airing soon!
The Takeaway
Our world is not how it’s been presented. Many subjects once and that still are deemed as a “conspiracy” are clearly not a conspiracy. Strange things happening on the moon and UFOs, for example, are one of several great examples.
It’s OK to explore these things, but it’s vital that we examine good sources and present good sources when we do so.
Geheime Amerikaanse basis op de maan? Mysterieus WikiLeaks-document opgedoken
Geheime Amerikaanse basis op de maan? Mysterieus WikiLeaks-document opgedoken
Er is een WikiLeaks-document opgedoken waarin valt te lezen dat Rusland een geheime basis op de maan heeft vernietigd.
De volledige tekst van het document is niet publiek beschikbaar, maar kan wellicht worden opgevraagd via een Wob-verzoek.
Het document, dat dateert van 24 januari 1979, suggereert dat er mogelijk oorlogen worden gevoerd in de ruimte en dat de Verenigde Staten beschikken of beschikten over een geheime maanbasis.
Vrijgegeven
Het stuk is afkomstig van het Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs van het Amerikaanse ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken, en opgestuurd naar Samuel L. Devine.
Hij was tussen 1959 en 1981 lid van het Amerikaanse Huis van Afgevaardigden.
Verder is aangegeven dat het stuk op 17 december 2012 is vrijgegeven door de Amerikaanse overheid.
Mysterieuze structuren
Verschillende klokkenluiders hebben gezegd dat de Amerikaanse ruimtevaartorganisatie NASA geregeld foto’s van bouwwerken op de maan bewerkt of vernietigt.
Zo schreef de Washington Times in 2001: “Karl Wolfe, een sergeant die voor de NSA werkte, zei dat op de achterkant van de maan mysterieuze structuren waren aangetroffen toen het maanoppervlak vóór de landing in 1969 in kaart werd gebracht. De foto’s werden buiten het publieke domein gehouden.”
Vernietigen
Een andere klokkenluider is dr. Ken Johnston. Hij werkte ten tijde van de Apollo-missies in het Lunar Receiving Laboratory.
Hij zou ruim 40 jaar geleden opdracht hebben gekregen om foto’s van bouwwerken te vernietigen. Johnston besloot de foto’s echter te bewaren.
Bekijk het document hier in het archief van WikiLeaks.
If it’s springtime in the Northern Hemisphere, that means it’s time for crop circles to begin popping up in England and other places where there are large farms and people with time on their hands. Or extraterrestrials anxious to send messages using that sophisticated communications device known as the “field.” China is in the Northern Hemisphere, which makes the news from the Qinghai Province in the central northwest part of that country doubly puzzling. Instead of an overnight crop circle, residents discovered an ice circle carved into or painted on the ice covering Qinghai Lake, the largest salt lake in China. Ice messages on a salty lake? Have the aliens switching to sending messages via giant margaritas?
“On April 12th, a giant mysterious figure appeared on the ice on the south side of Haitai, Qinghai Lake Erlang Sword Festival. According to the photographer, Qing Xiu, Qinghai Lake Tourism Group Co., Ltd., the deputy general Heng Xiu introduced the picture was taken at 11 o’clock on the same day, the area is more than 100 square meters, the specific reasons for the unknown are unknown.”
Qinghai Lake unfrozen
“The specific reasons for the unknown are unknown.” Sounds like China News hired an ex-politician to write that description of a large circular picture on Qinghai Lake, a 4,489 sq. km (1,733 sq. mi) saline and alkaline lake located 3,205 m (10,515 ft) above sea level in a hollow of the Tibetan plateau. (You can see the photos of the ice circle from different angles here.) Before you ask … yes, it has a monster that People’s Daily posted a photograph of with the explanation, “The monster in Qinghai Lake looks like a dragon.” It’s also near a cave containing the Baigong Pipes – out-of-place artifacts that appear to be 150,000 years old in what appears to be an artificially dug cavern with a triangular opening. Connect those dots and it spells “Aliens!” to some, but scientists say sandstone, iron-rich sediment brought by floods and hydrogen sulfide gas could have combined and hardened into iron pyrite formations resembling metallic pipes.
What were we talking about? Oh yeah, the ice circle. Speaking of strange theories …
“This China Ice Circle is depicting Earth’s halted orbit, pushed back 5 months from December, 2003 when it encountered Nibiru in its path. As the Last Weeks approach, Venus and the Dark Twin will escape the cup. This Ice Circle shows the past, current, and future status of these planets, but unquestionably shows the blocked orbit of Earth.”
The website Zetatalk.com thinks the small circles in the ice circle represent Earth and Nibiru. Comments on the video report on the Ufomania YouTube page range from a magnetic motor to an automotive symbol to UFOs. None of them make any attempt to explain how the ice circle got there. The China News photo shows it to be near the edge of the ice (melting?) and the shore. There are some lines in the spaces of the circle, but no tracks inside or outside of it. While the brief story mentions the photographer belongs to a tourism group, it gives no indication how he got to the spot, how long it lasted, why sow few shots were taken, and what he thought it might be, other than the “reasons for the unknown are unknown.”
CGI? Possibly. A government cover-up of something it wants covered up? The Baigong Pipes are rumored to be alien artifacts (there are signs at the cave entrance saying they are) whose actual origin is protected by the government (not surprising – it’s China).
The website segnidalcielo.it gives the big reveal — a drone video from the Facebook page of Mai Tian Quan that was purportedly made by an automotive company called AION which shows that the symbol is its logo. While it graphically displays the logo being placed on both the ice and in a field, the video gives no information on how they were actually made, leading many to believe the whole thing, including the pictures from the lake ice, are computer-generated.
If the ice circle is human made, it’s impressive. If the auto company has developed some kind of aerial technique for burning circles into ice and crops, that’s even more impressive.
Not as impressive as aliens or the Baigong Pipes, but impressive.
When Gary McKinnon hacked into the NASA secret databases in 2002, what he found astounded the world. Among the many secret documents that NASA had hidden away from public view were tales of pictures with UFO’s on that had not been shown to the public, logs for space missions that officially didn’t exist and evidence of NASA altering images taken by the International Space Station. All this led to the obvious worry that there were numerous details about space exploration and alien contact that have been hidden from us over the years. We take a look at the ten most secret and shocking space programs to have ever existe.
Plane Passenger films UFO that split into pairs above Thailand
Plane Passenger films UFO that split into pairs above Thailand
Lucas Kim was jetting to Thailand from his home in Seoul, South Korea, when he spotted what he thought was another flight from the window of his Jeju Air plane.
When I looked closely, it was not a plane - it was six individual vehicles. It was like a pulsating greenish-yellowish light,' he said.
In the footage, the UFO is first visible as a distant, white dot beyond the wing. But as he zooms in, it quickly becomes apparent that there are several points of light, moving in formation like no regular aircraft can.
Moments later, they split into pairs and disappear from view.
I believe that when the Israel lunar lander turned on its engines to begin its decent to the surface of the moon, it was attacked by an alien craft which shot the lunar lander with an energy beam that disabled the craft. It was shot down by the craft in the above screenshot.
If you look closely at the last photo taken by the Israel lander, you will notice a reflection of light shooting left and right. Its coming from the blue object in the photo. In the photo is a long dark blue craft standing upright. It looks just like a disk on its side. And its so bright that its causing light reflections on its right and left in the photo. I believe this craft is responsible for the destruction of the Israel lander. It shot a burst of energy at the lunar lander that caused the lander to lose control and crash to the moons surface.
There is a reason humans have not been back to the moon...its because we were not invited to go back. Aliens made it clear during the Apollo missions that astronauts were not wanted on the moon. This object began to descend to the surface of the moon...the aliens spotted it and deemed it to be a threat against...an uninvited guest trying to come into there home. That is why they destroyed it. They knew it was unmanned and only research gathering tech, so they nipped it in the bud before it found any useful information that cause humans to want to come there. They do not want humans there. Only craft that have had direct contact with the aliens and made agreements could do such a thing. A simple 30 meter radio telescope could accomplish such a job.
If you look carefully at the photo you will see that the blue area of light is a solid object. Look at the enhanced photo of it and you can see that there are two thick lines running down it. That shows that this is a solid object. There is no doubt in my mind that aliens shot down the Israel space craft.
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Dark Black UFO Seen In Daytime Over Springdale, Ohio April 15, 2019, UFO Sighting News.
Dark Black UFO Seen In Daytime Over Springdale, Ohio April 15, 2019, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: April 15, 2019 Location of sighting: Springdale, Ohio, USA Source: MUFON #99733 This report just in from MUFON. A person was driving along the road in Springdale when he noticed a black diamond UFO off in the distance. The UFO is far behind the power lines, although it appears to be touching them. Its actually very far away. This UFO is bigger than a car and doesn't rotate or turn in any way. The UFO does move very slowly as if its watching, scanning for something below on the ground. Kind of amazing this guy caught the UFO so well. Looks like he stuck the camera out his car window when recording. You can hear the car radio playing. This alien craft is the same exact color as many of the alien buildings I have found on the moon in NASA photos. Scott C. Waring
Triangular UFO caught on tape over Caguas, Puerto Rico
Triangular UFO caught on tape over Caguas, Puerto Rico
This was filmed on 2nd April 2019 over Puerto Rico.
Witness report: At the time i was upstairs with my camera, i heard a noise, i looked through one of the windows and in the distance i could see this yellow stationary planet like appearance. i thought to myself: “there is no way jupiter is in that sky location at this hour” so i decided to zoom-in with my camera to find out that it was two yellow lights that made one and that is when i realized that i was seen a ufo probably from the back.
This story was updated at 2:40 p.m. EST with details of the flight.
Stratolaunch, the private launch company founded by the late billionaire Paul Allen, has just flown the world's largest aircraft for the first time.
The massive airplane, which has a wingspan bigger than a football field and is designed to launch rockets from the air, took off on its maiden test flight from the Mojave Air and Space Port in Mojave, California, this morning (April 13).
"We all know Paul would have been proud to witness today’s historic achievement,” his sister Jody Allen, chair of Vulcan Inc. and trustee of the Paul G. Allen Trust, said in a statement released by Stratolaunch today. "The aircraft is a remarkable engineering achievement, and we congratulate everyone involved.”
The flight, while not officially announced beforehand by Stratolaunch, was spotted by photographers at the airport, where the company has been conducting runway tests with the giant plane in recent months.
"It was surprising. In a way, I expected it to take longer," aerospace photographer Jack Beyer told Space.com after watching the plane's takeoff, adding that it almost felt anticlimactic. "And then I realized it was actually effortlessly in the air and was astounded." Beyer is posting his views of the Stratolaunch test on his Twitter and Instagram.
Stratolaunch's rocket carrier plane, the largest aircraft ever built, takes off from the Mojave Air and Space Port in Mojave, California during its first test flight on April 13, 2019.
The huge airplane, named Roc, took off at 6:58 a.m. PDT (9:58 a.m. EDT; 1358 GMT) and stayed aloft for 2.5 hours, Stratolaunch representatives said in the statement. Roc reached a peak altitude of 17,000 feet (5,180 m) and a top speed of 189 mph (304 km/h), they added.
The flight, which allowed pilots to evaluate Roc's performance and handling, ended with a touchdown back at Mojave Air and Space Port.
Crowds cheer the first-ever liftoff of Stratolaunch's huge carrier plane Roc on April 13, 2019.
Founded by Allen in 2011, Stratolaunch is a private spaceflight company that seeks to launch rockets into orbit from high altitude using its novel megaplane carrier aircraft. The plane was built for Stratolaunch by Scaled Composites, the Mojave-based aerospace company that also built SpaceShipOne, the first commercial suborbital spacecraft.
The carrier plane is enormous, the largest ever built. It features twin fuselages and six jet engines, and has a wingspan of 385 feet (117 meters) — long enough to cross an American football field from end zone to end zone. That's about the same length as the International Space Station.
The aircraft is designed to fly satellite-carrying rockets to an altitude of about 35,000 feet (10,700 m), then release the boosters so that they can launch their payloads up to orbit.
"A historic milestone for the Stratolaunch team with this record setting aircraft taking flight," Thomas Zurbuchen, NASA's associate administrator for NASA's science directorate, wrote on Twitter. "This is about going to the edge of space and beyond!"
Stratolaunch initially teamed up with the spaceflight company SpaceX, which was going to build a modified version of the Falcon 9 rocket to launch from the giant carrier plane. But the two companies split within a year. Orbital Sciences (later Orbital ATK and now Northrop Grumman) then stepped in, with a planned new rocket called Thunderbolt.
But in 2016, Stratolaunch announced plans to use smaller rockets (Orbital ATK's Pegasus XL vehicles). At one point, Stratolaunch was also developing its own series of rockets and spacecraft, including a small space shuttle, to launch from the massive carrier plane. But earlier this year, the company shut down that program to focus on launching smaller Pegasus XL rockets built by what is now Northrop Grumman.
"What a fantastic first flight," Stratolaunch CEO Jean Floyd said in the same statement. "Today’s flight furthers our mission to provide a flexible alternative to ground-launched systems. We are incredibly proud of the Stratolaunch team, today's flight crew, our partners at Northrup Grumman’s Scaled Composites and the Mojave Air and Space Port."
Here are some more views of Stratolaunch's historic first test flight.
According to Beyer, a large crowd of spectators watched Stratolaunch's test flight. It wasn't a massive crowd, but a larger gathering than he saw during recent suborbital space launches from the Mojave Air and Space Port by another private spaceflight company, Virgin Galactic.
At Mojave Air and Spaceport this morning once again hoping to catch the first flight of the world’s largest plane. Roc, as the aircraft is known, is now sitting at the end of runway 30 poised to make aviation history. @Stratolaunch@NASASpaceflight
Just like on Earth, there is a robust population of bacteria and fungi on theInternational Space Station(ISS) — and a new study catalogues its exact composition.
Most of the microbes are associated with humans, particularly the bacteria Staphylococcus (26% of total bacteria isolated), Pantoea (23%) and Bacillus (11%), according to a statement on the new work. Other organisms come from specific parts of humans, such as Staphylococcus aureus (10%), which is usually found in human nasal passages and skin. Another example is Enterobacter, whose percentage was not specified in the release, which is found in the human gastrointestinal tract.
While it sounds like a gross combination, the scientists noted in the statement that similar bacteria are found in mundane Earth environments such as offices, gyms and hospitals, so the space station is similar to these other "built environments" frequented by humans.
It's unclear if bacteria that sometimes cause disease on Earth, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter, could cause disease in ISS astronauts, researchers said in the statement, because that depends on things such as how these organisms function in microgravity and how healthy the astronaut is to start. (In general, people selected for space are in great health, and work to maintain their fitness in space in exercise periods spanning 2 hours a day.)
"Specific microbes in indoor spaces on Earth have been shown to impact human health, Kasthuri Venkateswaran, a senior research scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and a co-author of the paper, said in the statement. "This is even more important for astronauts during spaceflight, as they have altered immunity and do not have access to the sophisticated medical interventions available on Earth."
"In light of possible future long-duration missions," Venkateswaran said, "it is important to identify the types of microorganisms that can accumulate in the unique, closed environments associated with spaceflight, how long they survive and their impact on human health and spacecraft infrastructure."
The researchers said this study is the first "comprehensive catalog" of the fungi and bacteria found on surfaces in a closed space system, such as the ISS. The researchers said this could lead to eventually developing safety measures for astronauts during spaceflights, although right now the risk to spaceflyers (if any) is unclear.
Astronauts collected the samples during three flights spanning 14 months, a time span that allowed the researchers to see how the microbial and fungal populations changed over locations and during time. They came from eight locations on the ISS, including the dining table, toilet, exercise equipment, a viewing window and sleeping quarters.
"The authors found that while fungal communities were stable, microbial communities were similar across locations but changed over time," researchers said in the statement. "Samples taken during the second flight mission had higher microbial diversity than samples collected during the first and third missions. The authors suggest that these temporal differences may be due to the different astronauts on board the ISS."
The new research was led by Aleksandra Checinska Sielaff, who has affiliations at both NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Washington State University. The work was detailed April 8 in the journal Microbiome.
AFPDe pas ontdekte graftombe van de vroegere Egyptische edelman Khuwy.
Archeologen hebben bij opgravingen in de regio Saqqara ten zuiden van Caïro het graf blootgelegd van een ambtenaar uit de vijfde dynastie, die ongeveer 4.300 jaar geleden over Egypte regeerde. De tombe is versierd met kleurrijke reliëfs en goed bewaard gebleven inscripties.
Het graf is van een hoge functionaris genaamd Khuwy, van wie wordt aangenomen dat hij een edelman was tijdens de vijfde dynastie. “Het L-vormige graf begint met een kleine gang die naar beneden leidt naar een kamer en van daaruit naar een grotere kamer met geschilderde reliëfs die de grafeigenaar voorstellen”, zegt Mohamed Megahed, hoofd van het opgravingsteam.
Het team archeologen heeft in de omgeving van Saqqara verschillende graven opgegraven die gerelateerd zijn aan de vijfde dynastie. Eind vorig jaar werd nog een graf ontdekt van een koninklijke priester, die diende onder farao Neferirkare.
AFP
Journalisten filmen de pas ontdekte graftombe van de vroegere Egyptische edelman Khuwy.
AFP
Een detail.
AFP
Een detail.
EPA
De muurschilderingen in het graf van Kuwhy in Saqqara leggen mogelijk geheimen bloot over de status van klasse van de edelmannen waartoe Kuwhy behoorde.
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New Investigation on Bosnian Pyramid showed Interesting Results
New Investigation on Bosnian Pyramid showed Interesting Results
Underneath the layers of vegetation covering the hills in Visoko, there are layers of concrete making up what is known as the Bosnian Valley of the Pyramids.
One of the Bosnian Pyramids, the Pyramid of the Sun, is approximately one third taller than the ancient Egyptian Great Pyramid. The Pyramid of the Sun is constructed of five thick layers of concrete (sandstone slabs, almost one meter thick for each layer), with each layer containing a fifteen centimeter layer of clay in between. Underneath the concrete and clay, the inner pyramid consists of sandstone blocks.
The concrete blocks covering the hills are being excavated and samples of the concrete have been sent to prestigious labs all over the world to be tested. The tests resulted in several interesting findings about the concrete’s properties.
Under the concrete of the Pyramid of the Sun, the series of large sandstone blocks show various types of rocks (differing pebbles and cobbles), including sandy quartz limestone, when more closely analyzed. It is thought that the concrete is made from material found at a locally deposited post glacial conglomerate. Experts who examined these crystals determined that during the manufacturing process, the materials were heated to above 500 degrees. Studies done at the University of Paris discovered that the concrete material found on the Bosnian Pyramid of the Sun was five times stronger than modern day concrete. The concrete was shown to be resistant to 94 Megapascals of pressure, which means it is highly compressed and extremely rigid – concrete of this strength is only available in a few very developed countries at special request. The founder of the French Institute of Polymers, Joseph Davidovits, Ph.D. performed an electronic microscopic analysis on a sample of concrete; he concluded that the chemical composition of the old concrete’s basis is a calcium/potassium geopolymer cement. He found the cement to be five times stronger and five times more water resistant than any concrete able to be made today. Davidovits is an author of over fifty patents in the field of the science of materials, and is considered an expert in the field. He holds a French Medal of Merit and has published ten books about the construction of the Egyptian Pyramids.
The construction material comprising the Pyramid of the Sun is not a normal, natural process. Dr. Aly Barakat, a geologist from Cairo, spent weeks researching all of the environment surrounding the Pyramid of the Sun. He did not find materials similar to the blocks of the Pyramid of the Sun and therefore he concluded his research noting that the pyramid is a natural hill shaped by man and covered with stone blocks. Other scientists, however are continuing to research differing hypotheses.
The genius of the builder of Bosnian pyramids, tunnels and blocks in the Ravne tunnels is reflected in the multiple purpose of these structures.
Ceramic blocks in Ravne tunnels reflections are of the advanced technological knowledge of their creators. Also, their strategic lay out contributes to the complete protection of tunnels from geopathogenic radiation. Their shapes are anatomical. Energy measurements have demonstrated the presence of beneficial radiation in their vicinity. And, finally, their surfaces are purposely done to show the relief of the terrain.
Block K-2, the most popular among them, has an intriguing surface. When exposed to various illumination, it shows clear indications of the relief of the Bosnian Valley of the Pyramids. The locations of the pyramids, valleys, elevations, rivers and estuaries of Fojnica in Bosnia in the Visoko’s valley are noted.
The ‘Bosnian pyramid complex’ is a pseudoarchaeological notion to explain the formation of a cluster of natural hills in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. Since 2005, Semir Osmanagić, also known as Sam Osmanagich, a Bosnian businessman now based in Houston, Texas, has claimed that these hills are the largest human-made ancient pyramids on Earth.
Vijf keer sterker dan modern beton. Nieuw onderzoek naar Bosnische piramides levert verrassende resultaten op
Foto: Woaxit Wikimedia Commons
Vijf keer sterker dan modern beton. Nieuw onderzoek naar Bosnische piramides levert verrassende resultaten op
In Visoko staan de Bosnische piramides. Eén daarvan, de Zonnepiramide, is zelfs groter dan de Grote Piramide in Egypte en bestaat uit vijf lagen van één meter dikke blokken zandsteen.
Deze betonblokken zijn onderzocht en monsters zijn naar laboratoria over de hele wereld gestuurd. De resultaten zijn opvallend.
Studies die zijn uitgevoerd door de Universiteit van Parijs hebben laten zien dat het materiaal dat werd gebruikt voor de betonblokken, vijf keer sterker is dan modern beton, zo schrijft de Sarajevo Times.
Geopolymeer
Het bleek een druk tot maar liefst 94 megapascal te kunnen weerstaan. Zulk sterk beton is vandaag de dag alleen op speciaal verzoek in slechts enkele landen verkrijgbaar.
Analyses onthulden dat het oude beton bestaat uit een geopolymeer gebaseerd op calcium en kalium.
Het materiaal waar de Zonnepiramide uit bestaat, is niet op een natuurlijke manier ontstaan, aldus de krant.
Tunnels
Dr. Aly Bakarat, een geoloog uit Caïro, heeft wekenlang onderzoek verricht rond de piramide en kon geen materiaal vinden dat lijkt op de blokken waar de Zonnepiramide van is gemaakt.
Hij concludeerde dat de piramide een natuurlijke heuvel is die door de mens is bedekt met stenen blokken.
De tunnels onder de piramide blijken op een strategische manier te zijn aangelegd. Zo zijn ze volledig beschermd tegen geopathogene straling.
Is het kosmische ei meer dan een symbool? Het mysterie rond het derde oog ontrafeld
Is het kosmische ei meer dan een symbool? Het mysterie rond het derde oog ontrafeld
In veel oude culturen wordt het centrum van het hoofd gelijkgesteld aan het centrum van de aarde, van het universum en van de creatie.
Dit centrum heeft vaak de vorm van een ei en wordt ook wel het derde oog genoemd.
De hindoe’s noemen het bindi, Boeddha heeft een derde oog op zijn voorhoofd en we zien dezelfde symboliek in Meso-Amerika.
Symbool
Daarnaast zou het ook deel uitmaken van het Oog van Horus, het alziend oog.
Is het mogelijk dat het kosmische ei niet zomaar een symbool is?
Hoewel het derde oog wordt gezien als metafoor, bevindt zich daadwerkelijk een eivormige structuur in het brein: de thalamus.
Cruciale rol
De thalamus bestaat uit twee identieke eivormige structuren en coördineert de informatiestroom tussen het zenuwstelsel en de hersenen.
Deze hersenkern speelt een cruciale rol bij het overbrengen van informatie.
Wetenschappers hebben onlangs gesuggereerd dat de thalamus misschien wel de belangrijkste factor is bij menselijk bewustzijn.
Verwerkt
Alle informatie die via de zintuigen binnenkomt, wordt verwerkt door de thamalus, legt neurowetenschapper Heather Berlin van de Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York uit.
De thalamus sorteert de informatie en stuurt alles door naar de cortex, aldus Berlin.
Ontwaken
Als de thalamus beschadigt raakt, zakt het bewustzijn weg, merkt ze op.
Deze hersenkern wordt ook wel de lamp of het derde oog genoemd. Sommigen zeggen dat de thalamus ons kan helpen om te ontwaken en ons verbindt met grote krachten in het universum.
VOLGENS NASA IS SUPERVULKAAN GROTERE BEDREIGING DAN EEN ASTEROÏDE
VOLGENS NASA IS SUPERVULKAAN GROTERE BEDREIGING DAN EEN ASTEROÏDE
NASA is een meester in het dingen verborgen houden voor de bevolking, maar soms is de waarheid te achterhalen door dingen te combineren.
Zoals, waarom komt NASA nu ineens met een waarschuwing dat de grootste bedreiging voor de mensheid de uitbarsting van een supervulkaan is?
De mensheid staat bloot aan verschillende bedreigingen die ons als soort van de kaart kunnen vegen.
Wanneer een asteroïde de aarde zou raken, dan kunnen we, een beetje afhankelijk van de grootte en waar deze inslaat, echt wel spreken van een ramp voor de mensheid. En die gebeurtenis is helemaal niet zo onaannemelijk als men ons wil doen voorkomen, want veel van die asteroïden komen uit het niets en worden soms niet of veel te laat opgemerkt.
In het programma praat hij met een aantal experts van NASA die toegeven dat ze geen flauw idee hebben over wat er allemaal op ons af komt. De eerste keer dat zij gewaar werden dat er een asteroïde in de vorm van een meteoriet boven Rusland was ontploft, was toen ze dit vernamen via Twitter.
En toch weet NASA ons nu te vertellen dat er nog een grotere dreiging bestaat voor de mensheid en dat is de supervulkaan. De gevolgen van een dergelijke uitbarsting zou er volgens hen voor kunnen zorgen dat de mensheid compleet zou verdwijnen van deze aarde.
De kans dat een dergelijke uitbarsting zal voorvallen is groter dan die van een asteroïde die de aarde zal raken, stellen zijn.
Aangezien de kans van een asteroïde die de aarde raakt behoorlijk groot is, is daarom ook te stellen dat een uitbarsting van een supervulkaan bijna om de hoek staat.
Ze komen tot die conclusie omdat blijkt uit de historie van onze planeet dat supervulkaanuitbarstingen een keer zo vaak voorkomen als een asteroïde die de aarde raakt. Ze hebben hiervoor als maatstaf genomen een asteroïde met een diameter van minstens twee kilometer.
Onder een supervulkaan wordt verstaan een vulkaan die groot genoeg is om bij een uitbarsting meer dan 1000 km3 materiaal de atmosfeer in te spuwen. Dit soort hoeveelheden in de atmosfeer zouden een ramp op aarde veroorzaken die de mensheid tot de rand van uitsterven zou drijven, volgens de onderzoekers bij NASA.
De meest bekende supervulkaan op aarde en ook tevens degene waar men zich de meeste zorgen om maakt is de Yellowstone supervulkaan in Amerika. Als deze zou uitbarsten dan zou die zeker aan het criterium voldoen van een supervulkaanuitbarsting en zou er derhalve ook voor kunnen zorgen dat de mensheid wordt uitgeroeid.
Uit de historie van uitbarstingen is te concluderen dat deze supervulkaan eigenlijk nu op het punt komt waarbij het zou moeten uitbarsten. In de praktijk weet niemand of en wanneer dit zal gebeuren, want historische aanwijzingen zijn nooit een garantie voor de toekomst.
Wanneer je bovenstaande waarschuwing van NASA combineert met een bericht dat wij schreven eind vorig jaar over NASA en Yellowstone, dan ontstaat toch een bepaald beeld.
NASA houdt zich al heel lang bezig met de problematiek rondom Yellowstone en werkt nu aan een plan dat de wereld moet redden van een uitbarsting door deze gigant.
Die plannen bestaan volgens Brian Wilcox van het NASA Jet Propulsion Lab uit het boren van een tien kilometer diep gat in de vulkaan waardoor water naar binnen kan worden gepompt. Op deze manier kan dan de hitte in de vulkaan langzaam afnemen. Tegelijkertijd zou dan de vrijgekomen hitte kunnen worden gebruikt als een soort enorme energiecentrale.
Er zouden dan ook investeerders gezocht moeten worden die hier brood in zien, want de kosten van het boren van een dergelijk gat met bijbehorende acties zou ongeveer 3,5 miljard dollar moeten kosten.
Maar, zegt Wilcox erbij: “Dit alles moet heel voorzichtig gebeuren, want het kleinste foutje kan ervoor zorgen dat deze supervulkaan juist zal uitbarsten”.
Klaarblijkelijk overweegt NASA om een groot risico te nemen om deze supervulkaan te beteugelen. Waarom zouden ze iets dergelijks doen als ze er niet vrijwel zeker van zijn dat deze anders toch zal uitbarsten?
En dan komt er nu een sinistere waarschuwing die zegt dat de kans op een dergelijke uitbarsting groter is dan die van een asteroïde die de aarde raakt.
Het lijkt er zoals gewoonlijk op dat zij veel meer weten dan ons wordt verteld en als dat zo is, dan is de vraag: wat dan?
Weten zij dat de onbekende planeet Nibiru nu dichterbij komt en maken ze zich zorgen dat de enorme krachten die iets dergelijks met zich mee zal brengen, zal zorgen voor een toch al wankele supervulkaan zoals Yellowstone?
Of hebben zij andere concrete aanwijzingen waardoor zij kunnen bepalen dat het niet lang meer zal duren voordat Yellowstone meer dan 1000 kubieke kilometer as en ander puin de lucht in zal spuwen?
De reusachtige, slapende vulkaan onder het Yellowstone National Park in de Amerikaanse staat Wyoming zal waarschijnlijk veel eerder uitbarsten dan tot dusver werd aangenomen. Uit een nieuwe studie blijkt dat de grote klap niet over honderden, maar al over tientallen jaren zal plaatsvinden. Als dat gebeurt zullen de gevolgen niet te overzien zijn.
Gemiddeld barst de supervulkaan onder Yellowstone om de 600.000 jaar uit. De laatste grote uitbarsting was 631.000 jaar geleden. Wetenschappers maakten zich tot voor kort geen zorgen, omdat ze dachten dat de eerste tekenen van een eventuele uitbarsting duizenden jaren van te voren zichtbaar zullen zijn. Maar het blijkt volgens de laatste metingen te gaan om enkele decennia.
De recentste uitbarsting van de vulkaan (die van 631.000 jaar geleden) begon toen een nieuwe lading magma naar één van de vulkaankamers werd geduwd. Dat proces duurde slechts enkele tientallen jaren en geen eeuwen zoals eerder werd verondersteld.
Bovenstaande bericht was enkele maanden geleden en nu verschijnen er berichten dat een enorme groot stuk van gesmolten rots (magma) met een lengte van ongeveer 750 kilometer lengte zich langzaam naar boven werkt.
Het is min of meer een gegeven dat deze supervulkaan op een bepaald moment tot uitbarsting komt. En nu kunnen wetenschappers wel vol zelfvertrouwen verklaren dat het minstens enkele decennia zal duren voordat er een uitbarsting komt, nadat de eerste tekenen zijn waargenomen, maar eerst dachten ze dat het duizenden jaren zouden zijn en daar zaten ze ook finaal naast.
Kortom, niemand weet wanneer dit soort monsters echt zullen uitbarsten, maar waar wel iedereen het over eens is, is dat wanneer dit gebeurt, het een ramp voor de wereld zal zijn.
Een uitbarsting zou onmiddellijk een einde maken aan alle klimaatakkoorden die ooit door idioten zijn bedacht, want de wereld zou terechtkomen in wat men noemt een vulkanische winter. Het zonlicht zou worden geblokkeerd door de miljoenen kubieke meter puin en as dat de atmosfeer in wordt geslingerd. De temperaturen op aarde zouden aanzienlijk dalen, oogsten zouden mislukken en miljarden mensen zouden omkomen van de honger.
Feit is dat de afgelopen maanden de activiteit van en rond de Yellowstone supervulkaan zijn toegenomen. Dat wil uiteraard niet zeggen dat deze morgen zal uitbarsten, maar het is wel degelijk iets om nauwlettend te blijven volgen.
In a new book, published through my August Night imprint, MJ Banias presents a nuanced exploration of the UFO phenomenon and the community that seeks to understand it. MJ’s book, The UFO People, is distinct from the bulk of UFO literature in that he approaches his subject through the lenses of cultural studies and philosophy. But MJ is no armchair researcher. A former MUFON investigator in his native Canada, he has interviewed many witnesses to UFO phenomena and has not shied away from throwing tough questions at some of the most enigmatic and controversial figures in and around the field of UFOlogy. MJ has been interviewed on numerous podcasts and radio shows, and his work has been featured in Fortean Times and FATE magazines. He maintains a popular blog, Terra Obscura, which critically examines the culture, people, and ideas that shape how society responds to the inexplicable.
Here, MJ talks to me about UFOs, the people who see and believe in them, and the community of outsiders whose identities are bound up in a relentless search for a “truth” that seems tantalisingly and forever beyond our reach and understanding…
RG: Is it possible to separate the UFO phenomenon from UFO culture, or is the culture intrinsic to our understanding of the phenomenon?
MJB: It is impossible to separate social and cultural ideologies from “objective” phenomena. All knowledge, understanding, ideas, and objects are subject to the meaning imparted upon them by our collective cultural milieu. The UFO phenomenon is no different. Our systems of language, values, beliefs, political and economic structures all lend to what we understand the UFO phenomenon to be. Moreover, when we look at the UFO narrative, it is clear that the cultural and social zeitgeist of a given time seems to shape the UFO phenomenon itself. UFOs are a part of us, and we are a part of them.
RG: What excites you most about the UFO subculture, and what frustrates you about it?
MJB: That is a funny question, because the answer is the same for both. The UFO subculture is exciting because it is a perfect anarchy. It has no locus of control, no established hierarchy or structure of power. There is no ivory tower which governs what is and is not UFO discourse. Rather, the UFO subculture is totally democratized. Ideas and meanings, and, perhaps most importantly, power, floats around between different players and groups. It is completely counter-cultural. By its very nature, it challenges established mainstream systems (such as academia or capitalism, for example). There is a beauty in chaos. However, this chaos is also problematic. Since there is no set structure, since it is total anarchy, very little can ever be accomplished. Our current understanding of “progress” does not fit into the UFO discourse or community. Nothing has really been solved. If anything, the mystery is only greater now.
UFO/alien memorabilia for sale at a UFO conference in America.
RG: Do you see any similarities between the UFO subculture and other anomalistic communities, such as cryptozoology and the paranormal? To what extent do these communities overlap?
MJB: There is significant connection between these communities. John Keel presented this notion fairly early on in his books Operation: Trojan Horse and The Mothman Prophecies. When one takes a step back to look at the entire UFO narrative, there are many connections between cryptozoology, paranormal research and general Forteana and anomalistics. While there may be some within these communities who do not like to be lumped together, there is significant lore across all those narratives that threads them together.
Where I think UFOs are uniquely interesting is how they affect political and economic power systems. No one worries about Bigfoot invading the planet or ghosts presenting technology which will undo the foundations of modern Capital. UFOs create a sort of political disruption which leads to often ridiculous conspiracy theories. Moreover, there are significant links between modern conspiracies political movements and right wing Neo-Nazism, among other similar ideological groups. I touch on this in my book, but I think it warrants much more study.
RG: In your book, you interview some of the most interesting and controversial figures in the UFO scene, albeit they are several steps removed from the scene, observing from the sidelines as they pursue their own research and agendas. Who are these individuals, and what did your learn from them?
MJB: We often hear about this shadowy group dubbed “the invisible college” or “the insiders” or “the invisibles.” They have become as mythologized as UFOs themselves. This “college” is a loose collection of individuals, some of whom know each other, but most do not. They all pursue the “paranormal” in some way, but they do so in secret, primarily because their professional careers would be affected. I spoke to several such individuals for my book, but only three allowed me to publish their names. They are Dr. Christopher “Kit” Green, Dr. Hal Puthoff and Dr. Garry Nolan.
The work that they do pushes science to the outer fringes, but they do it because they, like the rest of us, want answers. My book provides a deep look into their projects and their thoughts on the UFO enigma, as well as the UFO community itself. The book explores the military and intelligence interests in their work, how human health has been affected by the phenomenon, and how their work may reshape our understanding of what it means to be human. While their work is impressive, and is gaining significant attention within UFO circles, they are just people. Most of them want to be left alone to their work, and live in the ghostly realm in between their professional careers and their personal interests.
“Members” of the so-called “Invisible College.” Clockwise: Dr Hal Puhoff, Dr Gary Nolan, and Dr Christopher “Kit” Green.
RG: Why should UFO researchers read your book? What does it contribute to the knowledge and debate?
MJB: Many UFO researchers will undoubtedly be offended by my book because it calls into question the very ideology which drives them. The book is not so much about UFOs as it is about people. It challenges what we believe UFOs to be and highlights one key truth: no one has any clue what is going on.
The book explores how we make meaning, and that UFOs seem to shape themselves to our interpretation of them. When it comes to UFO research and “knowledge,” the book uses contemporary philosophy to challenge our ufological assumptions. UFOs, in simple terms, are ghosts in our society. They are a symbiotic mix of reality and mythology—they exist and do not exist. Moreover, UFO researchers fall victim to this spectrality. In chasing ghosts, we become ghosts.
A vendor an American UFO conference.
RG: Your book features original essays by a number of respected researchers. Who are they and what have they contributed?
MJB: My book features three contributions from four writers. The first is a chapter by A. J. McCormick, who is an experiencer. She is featured prominently in the first part of my book. I’ve also included a groundbreaking essay by Allison Jornlin, which presents her current research into the historical roots of paranormal studies in the context of gender politics. Finally, a joint essay by Paul Dean and Barry Greenwood — two of the best UFO historians alive today — provides a concise and essential history of the UFO phenomenon, and specifically the Extraterrestrial Hypothesis (ETH).
RG: Do you consider yourself part of the UFO community, or are you a removed observer?
MJB: Perhaps this is really what the book is about. Is the UFO community real? Does it exist? Or, are we simply phantoms wandering in between our daily official reality and some counter-cultural netherworld?
I am a member of the community. I’m not sure how or where I fit though. I am not a ufologist. I am not a UFO researcher, per se. While I do study UFOs and the paranormal, I focus more on the people, and how they interact on a cultural and philosophical level with strange phenomena.
MJ Banias.
RG: What do you hope to achieve through your work?
MJB: I want the community to think critically. Moreover, to have the community reflect on the philosophical nature of the UFO phenomenon and discourse. I want to begin chipping away at the idea that UFOs and other associated phenomena are ghosts within the human machine, and vice versa, this paranormality is inherently a part of us.
RG: Have you drawn any conclusions about the underlying nature of the UFO phenomenon? Is there an ontological reality behind UFOs, or is it purely a sociocultural phenomenon?
MJB: The only sane answer here is “I don’t know.” Do I believe that people experience anomalies and bizarre events that are objective, that is, outside of their own minds? Yes. Something strange is going on. Beyond that, the data is far too chaotic to ascertain any knowable facts. UFO discourse is a spectrum of prosaic lights in the sky to episodes of incredible high strangeness.
As I mentioned earlier, UFOs and other paranormal phenomena are inherently tied to humanity. We give UFOs meaning, we provide for them a place and space to manifest and “be.” However, that is not the whole story. Those phenomena come from somewhere, from some unknown source. Something is made real so it can be seen or gives of a radar signature. Something must leave landing trace marks. Clearly, something tangible is popping in and out of our awareness.
We need to be cautious not to oversimplify the phenomenon. I am often asked what I believe when it comes to UFOs. This is difficult because my beliefs, or even “what I think I know,” is not factual or true. It is merely speculation. All claims regarding the UFO phenomenon are pure speculation. If anyone claims to KNOW what UFOs are, then they are most likely delusional or trying to sell you something. The best we can do is to keep searching for answers, and not trust anyone who says they have them.
The UFO People is available now from all good online bookstores. For more of MJ’s work, visit his blog, Terra Obscura.
Secret Space Program Whistleblowers Claim We Have Technology 1000 Years Ahead of Anything Seen
Secret Space Program Whistleblowers Claim We Have Technology 1000 Years Ahead of Anything Seen
If you are interested in learning more about is really going on out in space then you need to watch this video. Special access programs can be massive in scope and can remain hidden behind a veil of secrecy for decades.In recent years, several credible whistleblowers have stepped forward to disclose the highly advanced technologies and the highly compartmentalized systems. Faster-than-light interstellar travel allowing humankind to reach the stars is no longer the stuff of science fiction. Interviews with insiders including Emery Smith, Clifford Stone, William Tompkins, Niara Isley and Corey Goode confirm that specific factions of humans here on Earth do have autonomous possession of interstellar travel technology, and the existence of a superluminal space naval fleet comprising various sizes and classes of vessels employing tachyon drive has been concealed from the public for many years.
Secret Space Program Whistleblowers Claim We Have Technology 1000 Years Ahead of Anything Seen
Secret Space Program Whistleblowers Claim We Have Technology 1000 Years Ahead of Anything Seen
If you are interested in learning more about is really going on out in space then you need to watch this video. Special access programs can be massive in scope and can remain hidden behind a veil of secrecy for decades.In recent years, several credible whistleblowers have stepped forward to disclose the highly advanced technologies and the highly compartmentalized systems. Faster-than-light interstellar travel allowing humankind to reach the stars is no longer the stuff of science fiction. Interviews with insiders including Emery Smith, Clifford Stone, William Tompkins, Niara Isley and Corey Goode confirm that specific factions of humans here on Earth do have autonomous possession of interstellar travel technology, and the existence of a superluminal space naval fleet comprising various sizes and classes of vessels employing tachyon drive has been concealed from the public for many years.
A Legend That Turns Out To Be Real? Hibernating Alien Discovered Inside Secret Chamber In The Great Pyramid
A Legend That Turns Out To Be Real? Hibernating Alien Discovered Inside Secret Chamber In The Great Pyramid
A strange story about the Great Pyramid of Giza appeared in the March 2000 issue of the Egyptian magazine Rose El-Yussuf.
According to the article, in 1988, French Egyptologist Louis Caparat, discovered this mummy in 1988 in a secret room of the Great Pyramid and, “was found in a crystalline transparent case. At first the alien appeared to be hibernating,” or in a state of suspended animation. It’s believed to be a “humanoid,” which is a mix between an extraterrestrial race and human DNA.
A papyrus found near the body tells of this being’s encounter with the Pharaoh Khufu. Apparently, it said that this convinced the Pharaoh to build the Great Pyramid as a tomb for this being after he had announced the future arrival of other beings of his species (Source: the Egyptian magazine “Rose El-Yussuf” relayed by “The World Of The Unknown” in Issue 283 April 2000).
It was also determined from the papyrus that the people whom lived in Egypt during the Neolithic period was already very mixed, mostly consisting of people from the Mediterranean and Negroid that were dolichocephalic (Greek word meaning to have an elongated head).
The last update on this was that “Caparat sent a message to a colleague in Spain, Francisco de Braga, a biologist, inviting him to come to Egypt” to take blood, cell, tissue and DNA samples from the dead alien.” But when Dr. de Braga arrived in Cairo, he was detained by the Egyptian Ministry of State Security and put on a plane back to Madrid. According to Rose El-Yussuf, the dead alien was taken to a laboratory at an undisclosed location by Egyptian military intelligence.
Editor’s Note: Please take this story with a grain of salt. Mysterious dead bodies have been turning up in the Great Pyramid since Abdullah Al-Mamun first broke into the Great Pyramid in 813 A.D. Abdullah, who was the son of the famous caliph, Haroun Al-Raschid, hired a crew of Egyptians who laboriously bored a hole right through the Pyramid’s wall.
According to author Peter Tompkins:
“Some Arabian authors have reported that Al-Mamun found in the sarcophagus a stone statue in the shape of a man. They say that within the statue lay a body wearing a breastplate of gold set with precious stones, an invaluable sword on his chest, and a carbuncle ruby on his head the size of an egg, which shone as with the light of day.” – Secrets of the Great Pyramid by Peter Tompkins
On the other hand, there have been a lot of strange goings-on at the Great Pyramid since 1996, including secret UNESCO teams visiting, unmarked military vehicles and black helicopters seen at Giza, and the recent round of heavy construction.. It’s anyone’s guess what is really going on out there.
Another mummified alien (5’ 3”) was also found buried in an ancient pyramid, but this time by the archaeologist, Dr. Viktor Lubek. This one was found near Lahun, when exploring a small pyramid south of the Dynasty doceaba of Senusret II, which contains the queen of the pharaoh. This of course was not revealed immediately to the public either, and dates back to about 1880 B.C. According to a source at the Egyptian Antiquities Department, “The mummy of what appears to be an alien, dates back (to about 1880 B.C.) and it seems it would be a humanoid.” Apparently this statement, along with details and photographs of the find, were made under the condition of remaining anonymous. Inscriptions on the tomb of the mummy showed that this being was a counselor to the pharaoh and was named Osirunet, meaning “star” or “sent from heaven.” The body was said to be buried with great respect and care, and was accompanied by a number of strange artifacts made of a synthetic material that is not found in any other Egyptian tomb. Also the source claimed, “It’s unclear what sex it was, but we do know it had unusual reptilian-type skin, no external ears and overly large, almond-shaped eyes.”
A lot of the popularity of firearms is due to the fact that anyone can use them effectively, not only the strong and agile. The young, the old, men, women and child can take up firearms in defense of home and family and do so effectively.
The anonymous person that provide this find’s details claimed that the discovery has caused great controversy among Egyptian officials, who want to keep it hidden until a “plausible explanation” for the strange mummy can be made. The Egyptian government has consulted a number of respected archaeologists, but to date none can explain the finding in ordinary terms. According to the source, “The Egyptians refuse to believe that their heritage came from outer space.” The last update on this was that the mummy was to be flown to a university in Florida where specialists will examine it more closely.
It turns out that the CIA has banned archaeologists to excavate in certain areas. Some journalists had already noticed that the CIA was very interested in making their own excavations before the ban was put in place. So far there are three “hidden” openings around the Sphinx that lead to underground tunnels that are prohibited. One opening is located in-between the two front paws, another on the south side, and one on the north side.
According to the British journalist Graham Hancock, the CIA has discovered not one, but 9 chambers under the Sphinx, some of which containing metal objects. These hidden underground chambers were actually recorded in the Emerald Tablets that were supposed to be written by Thoth/Hermes. The Emerald Tablets were said to be each molded out of a single piece of emerald (green) crystal, with its true origin (possible Atlantis) lost in legends that go back over 10,000 years. Its first known translation was made into Greek by Alexandrian scholars and was actually put on display in Egypt in 330 B.C. However, around 400 A.D. it was reportedly buried somewhere on the Giza plateau to protect it from religious zealots who were burning libraries around the world at that time.
If the intelligence agencies want to get their hands on a device or documents, it means they think that the civilization of ancient Egypt was, in some areas, much more advanced than ours. Two of the most well-known descriptions of aliens mating with humans, thereby creating humanoids, comes from Robert Temple’s “The Sirius Mystery” (which tells the story of the African Dogon Tribe) and Genesis in the Bible.
“The son of God saw the daughters of men were beautiful, and they took them wives which they chose among them. (…) There were giants in the earth in those days, and also later, because the son of God came in unto the daughters of men, and they bare children: these are powerful men who, from ancient times, were men of renown “(Genesis 6: 2-4)
Greek mythology refers to these giants as Nephilim, or fallen angels who have taught men: math, writing, music, witchcraft/alchemy, astrology, etc. These lessons were also listed in the Kabbalah, which caused many crusades to chase these secrets in Jerusalem.
Graham Hancock: America Before-Exposing the Cover-Up of Ancient Advanced Civilizations
Graham Hancock: America Before-Exposing the Cover-Up of Ancient Advanced Civilizations
GoingundergroundRT speaks to Graham Hancock about his new book America Before: The Key to Earth’s Lost Civilization.
Graham Hancock has for decades been questioning the facts revolving around humanities past attempting to uncover what mainstream archaeology failed to even look at and is well worth a listen.
He discusses how dogmatism in archaeology has covered up 130,000 years of human history in the Americas and evidence of advanced civilizations that lived in the Americas thousands of years ago, which challenges colonial narratives of uncivilized natives incapable of high culture.
I reported finding these two photos in the NASA Image Atlas back in 2013, but between then and now, they got deleted. It looks as if NASA is using the research I do at this site to help edit out the existence of aliens.
These photos are much more important than you may think. The evidence that NASA deleted is not just a UFO, but is also 100% evidence that the moon is not real, but actually an alien space station. Thats right. The moons surface appears real, but as you see, the surface can open up huge doors that allow ships to exit and enter at any given time. How do you think the public would react if they knew the moon was not real, but an alien space station with its surface covered with debris to make it look like a moon? The public would panic, chaos would ensue and world governments would be in turmoil. All from two little photos, but they stopped all that from ever happening with a single stroke of a delete key. Thats why NASA exists. To control what the public knows.
Einstein’s theory was confirmed in 1919, when British astronomer Sir Arthur Eddington measured the bending of starlight around the sun during a total solar eclipse. And it’s been re-confirmed since. How about now?
Black holes are long-time superstars of science fiction. But their Hollywood fame is a little strange given that no-one has ever actually seen one – at least, until now. If you needed to see to believe, then thank theEvent Horizon Telescope(EHT), which has just produced the first ever direct image of a black hole. This amazing feat required global collaboration to turn the Earth into one giant telescope and image an object thousands of trillions of kilometers away.
As stunning and ground-breaking as it is, the EHT project is not just about taking on a challenge. It’s an unprecedented test of whether Einstein’s ideas about the very nature of space and time hold up in extreme circumstances, and looks closer than ever before at the role of black holes in the universe.
To cut a long story short: Einstein was right.
Capturing the uncapturable
A black hole is a region of space whose mass is so large and dense that not even light can escape its gravitational attraction. Against the black backdrop of the inky beyond, capturing one is a near impossible task. But thanks to Stephen Hawking’s groundbreaking work, we know that the colossal masses are not just black abysses. Not only are they able to emit huge jets of plasma, but their immense gravity pulls in streams of matter into its core.
When matter approaches a black hole’s event horizon – the point at which not even light can escape – it forms an orbiting disk. Matter in this disk will convert some of its energy to friction as it rubs against other particles of matter. This warms up the disk, just as we warm our hands on a cold day by rubbing them together. The closer the matter, the greater the friction. Matter closer to the event horizon glows brilliantly bright with the heat of hundreds of suns. It is this light that the EHT detected, along with the “silhouette” of the black hole.
Producing the image and analyzing such data is an amazingly hard task. As an astronomer who studies black holes in faraway galaxies, I cannot usually even image a single star in those galaxies clearly, let alone see the black hole at their centers.
The EHT team decided to target two of the closest supermassive black holes to us – both in the large elliptical shaped galaxy, M87, and in Sagittarius A*, at the center of our Milky Way.
To give a sense of how hard this task is, while the Milky Way’s black hole has a mass of 4.1 million suns and a diameter of 60 million kilometers [37 million miles], it is 250,614,750,218,665,392 kilometers [155,724,785,574,924,740 mi] away from Earth – that’s the equivalent of traveling from London to New York 45 trillion times. As noted by the EHT team, it is like being in New York and trying to count the dimples on a golf ball in Los Angeles, or imaging an orange on the moon.
To photograph something so impossibly far away, the team needed a telescope as big as the Earth itself. In the absence of such a gargantuan machine, the EHT team connected together telescopes from around the planet, and combined their data. To capture an accurate image at such a distance, the telescopes needed to be stable, and their readings completely synchronized.
How the researchers captured the first image of a black hole.
To accomplish this challenging feat, the team used atomic clocks so accurate that they lose just one second per hundred million years. The 5,000 terabytes of data collected was so large that it had to be stored on hundreds of hard drives and physically delivered to a supercomputer, which corrected the time differences in the data and produced the image above.
General Relativity vindicated
With a sense of excitement, I watched the live stream showing the image of the black hole from the center of M87 for the first time.
The most important initial take-home is that Einstein was right. Again. His general theory of relativity has passed two serious tests from the universe’s most extreme conditions in the last few years. Here, Einstein’s theory predicted the observations from M87 with unerring accuracy, and is seemingly the correct description of the nature of space, time, and gravity.
The measurements of the speeds of matter around the center of the black hole are consistent with being near the speed of light. From the image, the EHT scientists determined that the M87 black hole is 6.5 billion times the mass of the sun and 40 billion km [25 billion mi] across – that’s larger than Neptune’s 200-year orbit of the sun.
The Milky Way’s black hole was too challenging to image accurately this time around due to rapid variability in light output. Hopefully, more telescopes will be added to the EHT’s array soon, to get ever clearer images of these fascinating objects. I have no doubt that in the near future we will be able to gaze upon the dark heart of our very own galaxy.
They say not to stare at the sun - but for a whole five months, physicist Emily Mason spent every day doing nothing but that, by examining images taken of our star's surface.
Ms Mason and her colleagues have found parts of the sun where superheated gases cool to fall back down onto the star's surface as a form of rain.
The findings create a link between two of the sun's biggest mysteries - the nature of the heating which causes the sun's outer atmosphere to be around 300 times hotter than its underlying surface, and the source of the slower and denser parts of the solar wind.
Researchers studied previously-overlooked small magnetic structures (pictured, here, in two wavelengths of extreme ultraviolet light) that loop out from the sun's surface. The discovery of rain in the smaller magnetic loops has helped to narrow down the region in which coronal heating must be taking place
The sun is an enormous ball of plasma - super hot, electrically-charged gases - from which arc magnetic field lines that form giant fiery loops into space.
The notion of rain on the sun may seem absurd - but the familiar weather phenomenon is a great analogue for some of the processes that take place on the surface of our neighbourhood star.
On the Earth, rain is a key part of the water cycle. Liquid water on the Earth's surface - whether found pooled in rivers, lake or oceans - evaporates when heated by energy from the Sun. After rising into the atmosphere, water cools, condensing into clouds.
When the water droplets in clouds become too heavy to remain suspended in the air, they fall back to the Earth as rain. And thus, the cycle repeats.
On the sun, coronal rain works in a similar fashion, explains Ms Mason. 'But instead of 60-degree water you’re dealing with a million-degree plasma,' she said.
However, rather than pooling on the ground, the plasma runs along magnetic loops that extend out in arcs from the sun's surface.
At the end of each loop, where the lines emerge from the star's surface, plasma is super-heated up from a few thousand to more one million degrees Celsius (1.8m°F)
The heated plasma expands up its loop until it gathers at the apex - furthest from the source of the heat - where is can cool, condense and fall back down the loop as coronal rain.
Coronal rain had been previously observed in the wake of solar eruptions, where the heating associated with a solar flare cuts off abruptly, leaving erupted plasma to cool and fall back onto the sun’s surface.
Based on computer simulations and past observations of the solar wind, Ms Mason had been expecting to also find coronal rain in so-called 'helmet streamers' - magnetic loops millions of miles tall that stick out from the sun during solar eclipses.
Helmet streamers are so named because of their semblance to a knight's point helmet.
Scientists have known since the mid-nineties that helmet streamers are one source of the slow solar wind - the relatively sedate and dense stream of gas that escapes the sun independently of its faster-moving counterpart.
Measurements of the gas in the slow solar wind had show that it had once been heated to an extreme degree before it cooled and escaped out from the sun.
As coronal rain would undergo similar heating and cooling, it had seemed likely that such rain would play a part in the activity along helmet streamers and the resulting formation of the slow wind.
At the same time, as simulations predict that coronal rain can only form when heat is applied to the very bottom of the host magnetic loop - the lower 10 per cent, or less - identifying the size of a loop containing rain would provide a form of measuring rod to determine the limited region above the sun's surface in which the corona gets heated.
The search for coronal rain in helmet streamers, therefore, was on.
Ms Mason studied images taken by NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory - a spacecraft which has been photographing the sun every twelve seconds since it was launched back in 2010.
However, she spent almost half a year searching for coronal rain in helmet streamers without avail.
'I probably looked through three or five years' worth of data,' Ms Mason said. 'It was a lot of looking for something that never ultimately happened.'
Coronal rain (pictured in this image taken by NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory in 2012) had previously been observed in the wake of solar eruptions, when the heating associated with a solar flare cuts off abruptly, causing the plasma to cool and fall back on the sun’s surface. In the new study, Ms Mason and colleagues were not looking at coronal rain from such eruptions, but instead those caused by the cyclical process of heating and cooling of plasma along magnetic field lines
Instead, Ms Mason kept finding coronal rain in other magnetic structures - tiny loops only 30,000 miles (48,000 km) high, a mere per cent of the size of the helmet streamers she had been intending to concentrate on.
'They were really bright and they kept drawing my eye,' said Ms Mason. “When I finally took a look at them, sure enough they had tens of hours of rain at a time.'
However, being focused on her objective of locating rain in helmet streamers, she initially dismissed these findings - until colleagues realised that her observations were quite novel.
'She came to group meeting and said, "I never found it — I see it all the time in these other structures, but they’re not helmet streamers," ' said solar scientist and paper co-author Nicholeen Viall.
'And I said, "Wait…hold on. Where do you see it? I don’t think anybody’s ever seen that before!" '
The discovery of rain in the smaller magnetic loops has helped to narrow down the region in which coronal heating must be taking place.
'We still don’t know exactly what’s heating the corona, but we know it has to happen in this layer,' said Ms Mason.
Some of the findings forced the researchers to reconsider previous theories, too.
It had been thought that coronal rain can only form on closed magnetic loops - where the superheated plasma can gather at the far end of a loop and cool without any means of escape.
However, as Ms Mason studied the data on the small loops, she also found cases where rain appeared to be forming on open magnetic field lines.
Such open lines are only anchored to the sun at one end - with the other extremity reaching out into space, feeding the solar wind.
Plasma, the researchers now suggest, always begins it journey on a closed magnetic loop - but can switch to an open loop through a process known as magnetic reconnection.
Reconnection occurs frequently on the Sun, happening when closed loops bump into open field lines, changing the ways the field is lain out.
Like train switching tracks, superheated plasma can thus find itself on on open loop - meaning that on cooling some of it will inevitably fall back on to the sun as coronal rain, but the rest is free to escape.
This, the scientists suggest, is how part of the slow solar wind is released.
Mason hunted for coronal rain in helmet streamers like the one pictured on the left of the sun, as seen during a 1994 eclipse photographed from South America. Helmet streamers extend far into the sun’s faint corona. A smaller, 'pseudostreamer' can be seen on the right hand side of the image
Ms Mason is working on creating a computer simulation to support this new explanation.
Further evidence may come from the Parker Solar Probe, launched in 2018, which will be able to fly though burst of the slow solar wind and trace its origin point on the sun - such as, perhaps, one of Ms Mason's coronal rain events.
'Potentially we can make that connection with Parker Solar Probe and say - that was it,' said Dr Viall.
Despite these fortuitous findings, the search for coronal rain in helmet streamers carries forth - with simulations still predicting that the two phenomena should be found together.
“Maybe it’s so small you can’t see it?” muses paper author and solar physicist Spiro Antiochos, of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. He admits: “We really don’t know.”
The sun and its atmosphere are made of plasma – a mix of positively and negatively charged particles which have separated at extremely high temperatures, that both carries and travels along magnetic field lines.
Material from the corona streams out into space, filling the solar system with the solar wind.
But scientists found that as the plasma travels further away from the sun, things change.
Views of the solar wind from NASA's STEREO spacecraft (left) and after computer processing (right). Scientists used an algorithm to dim the appearance of bright stars and dust in images of the faint solar wind
The sun begins to lose magnetic control, forming the boundary that defines the outer corona – the very edge of the sun.
The breakup of the rays is similar to the way water shoots out from a squirt gun.
First, the water is a smooth and unified stream, but it eventually breaks up into droplets, then smaller drops and eventually a fine, misty spray.
A recent Nasa study captured the plasma at the same stage where a stream of water gradually disintegrates into droplets.
If charged particles from solar winds hit Earth's magnectic field, this can cause problems for satellite and communication equipment.
Rain takes different forms on the planets and moons of our solar system. But it also “rains” on the sun, as electrified gas drips from giant magnetic loops in the sun’s outer atmosphere. Read about the sun’s coronal rain.
Coronal rain in a prominence, or solar eruption, as seen by the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) in 2012.
Gif via Solar Dynamics Observatory/Scientific Visualization Studio/Tom Bridgman (Lead Animator).
Rain comes in various forms throughout the solar system – water on Earth, methane/ethane on Titan and sulfuric acid on Venus. But did you know it also rains on thesun? Well, kind of. Huge drops ofplasma – electrified gas – can drip fromprominences(giant magnetic loops of gas) in the sun’s outer atmosphere, thecorona, onto the scorching surface. This unusual phenomenon, calledcoronal rain, was the focus of study of a NASA undergraduate student who wanted to document it better.
In a new peer-reviewed paper in Astrophysical Journal Letters – published on April 5, 2019 – Emily Mason at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center outlines how she found evidence for the coronal rain, but in an unexpected place.
When Mason first started searching for the evidence of coronal rain, she first looked at helmet streamers – million-mile-tall prominences named for their resemblance to a knight’s pointy helmet – seen protruding from the sun during a total solar eclipse. Computer simulations had suggested that would be the location most likely to have coronal rain. Mason searched for nearly half a year … but found no signs of the plasma rain, even though she had images taken by NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), which has photographed the sun every 12 seconds since it was launched in 2010. As Mason said:
I probably looked through three or five years’ worth of data. It was a lot of looking, for something that never ultimately happened.
Giant loops of plasma gas on the sun, called helmet streamers. It was thought that the coronal rain would be found in them, but the search turned up empty.
Image via Úpice Observatory/Vojtech Rušin (1994)/Miloslav Druckmüller (2007).
So where was it? It should be there, Mason knew. As it turned out, Mason and her colleagues had been looking in the wrong place. Instead of the helmet streamers, the rain was found in a smaller kind of magnetic loop on the sun. It was there, just not in the place that the researchers had expected to find it. The discovery should help scientists figure out the unusual heating of the sun’s corona and the source of the slow solar wind, two mysteries about the sun that still perplex scientists. The rain was observed as a slew of tiny magnetic structures, Mason said:
They were really bright and they kept drawing my eye. When I finally took a look at them, sure enough they had tens of hours of rain at a time.
As Spiro Antiochos, a solar physicist at Goddard and a co-author of the paper, explained:
These loops were much smaller than what we were looking for. So that tells you that the heating of the corona is much more localized than we were thinking. Maybe it [the coronal rain] is so small you can’t see it? We really don’t know.
As Nicholeen Viall, a solar scientist at Goddard, also noted, it took a while to recognize the structures for what they were:
She came to group meeting and said, ‘I never found it — I see it all the time in these other structures, but they’re not helmet streamers.’ And I said, ‘Wait … hold on. Where do you see it? I don’t think anybody’s ever seen that before!’
The coronal rain was found in smaller magnetic loops like these, the newly-found Raining Null-Point Topologies (RNTPs).
Image via Solar Dynamics Observatory/Emily Mason.
So just how does this “rain” happen? In general terms, the process is similar to what occurs on Earth, Mason said:
But instead of 60-degree water you’re dealing with a million-degree plasma.
Unlike water, though, plasma is an electrically-charged gas. It follows the prominences coming out from the sun’s surface, and is extremely hot – from a few thousand to over 1.8 million degrees Fahrenheit (1 million degrees Celsius). At the peak of the prominence, it condenses and then falls back down to the sun’s surface as coronal rain.
In Earth’s hydrological cycle, water evaporates on the surface and rises up into the atmosphere. It then cools and condenses into clouds, and when there is enough moisture in the clouds, it falls back to the surface as rain. Coronal rain is a somewhat similar process, but with a completely different composition of the rain itself.
As for helping to solve some of the sun’s mysteries, the coronal rain provides some clues.
Measurement of the gas in the slow solar wind – separate from the other fast-moving solar wind – indicated it had been heated to extreme degrees before cooling and escaping the sun. But how? If the process happened within the helmet streamers, then the cyclical process of heating and cooling behind coronal rain could explain that. But since the rain seems to happen more in the smaller loops, that idea may need some more work.
The many different parts of the sun, including the corona and prominences.
In previous theories, it was thought that coronal rain only occurred in closed loops, where the plasma heats and cools, but can’t escape into space. Mason’s work suggests, however, that the rain begins in a closed loop, but then switches – through a process called magnetic reconnection – to an open one, like a train switching tracks. Some of the plasma will then escape, but some will fall back to the surface as rain. The plasma that does escape forms part of the slow solar wind.
Then there is the other, long-standing puzzle of why the sun’s outer atmosphere is 300 times hotter than its surface. On the face of it, that observed fact doesn’t seem to make logical sense. As Mason found, the rain in the loops can provide a cutoff point to determine just where the corona is getting heated:
If a loop has coronal rain on it, that means that the bottom 10 percent of it, or less, is where coronal heating is happening.
These scientists now hope that NASA’s Parker Solar Probe, which is making the closest passes of the sun ever – even flying right through the corona – will help to further confirm, or not, Mason’s findings.
Bottom line: Rain on the sun may sound nonsensical, but it is real – albeit in a form unlike anything on Earth – and may help to solve some long-lingering puzzles about how our sun works.
Posted by Larry Sessions in ASTRONOMY ESSENTIALS | BRIGHTEST STARS
We see this nearly star system as a single star in our sky, but it’s really 3 stars. Of the 3, Proxima is closer to our sun than any other known star.
The foreground of this image shows the Very Large Telescope of the European Southern Observatory (ESO). In August 2016, ESO announced a planet orbiting the star Proxima in the Alpha Centauri system. Astronomers call it Proxima b, and it’s now the nearest known exoplanet to Earth. See a list of the nearest exoplanets.
The Alpha Centauri system is the closest star system to our sun. On our sky’s dome, we see this multiple system as a single star and the third-brightest star visible from Earth. Alpha Centauri is part of a double, or triple, star system. The two main components are Alpha Centauri A and Alpha Centauri B. The third star, a red dwarf called Proxima Centauri, is about 4.22light-yearsdistant and is actually our sun’s closest neighbor among the stars. Is it gravitationally bound to the other two stars? Scientists are still arguing about that. More about it below.
If you looked through a small telescope at the Alpha Centauri system, you’d see the two main stars, but you wouldn’t see Proxima Centauri. It’s too faint and appears too far (four diameters of the full moon) away to be easily recognized at part of the system.
A comparison of the sizes and colors of the stars in the Alpha Centauri system with our sun.
Image via Wikimedia Commons.
Proxima is the closest of Alpha Centauri’s three stars to Earth.
Faint red Proxima Centauri is nearly a fifth of a light year from Alpha Centauri A and B. This great distance is what calls into question its status as part of a triple star system. In other words, there’s some debate about whether Proxima is truly bound to the other two stars of the system. Is it? Its status is unclear. It might simply be passing nearby but not part of the system. Still, we say – and others say – that Alpha Centauri is the closest star to our solar system, with the assumption that Proxima is a true part of the Alpha Centauri system.
Let’s look at Proxima’s distance from the other two stars in the Alpha Centauri system another way. Proxima’s orbit around the two primary stars is thought to take as long as half a billion years.
What’s more, Proxima Centauri is a pipsqueak of a star. It’s a red dwarf star with only about an eighth of the mass of our sun. If Proxima replace the sun in our solar system, it would shine only as brightly as 45 full moons. Meanwhile, our sun is 400,000 times brighter than a full moon.
Proxima is also a flare star subject to sudden changes in brightness. Its flares are really feeble, though. On a brighter star, they might not have been noticed.
So let’s assume, as most astronomers do, that Proxima is part of the Alpha Centauri system, just a very strange, small and distant part.
And no matter whether it’s gravitationally bound to Alpha Centauri A and B or not, Proxima is still the closest known star to our Earth and sun. It’s about a trillion kilometers (620 billion miles) closer than the other two stars in the Alpha Centauri system.
Hence the name Proxima, from the Latin root prox, which means close or near.
Unluckily for us in the Northern Hemisphere, Alpha Centauri is located very far to the south on the sky’s dome. Most North Americans never see it. The cut-off latitude is about 29 degrees north, and anyone north of that is out of luck. In the U.S. the line passes near Houston and Orlando, but even from the Florida Keys, the star never rises more than a few degrees above the southern horizon. Things are a little better in Hawaii and Puerto Rico, where it can get 10 or 11 degrees high.
Northern Hemisphere dwellers might glimpse Alpha Centauri at roughly 1 a.m. (local daylight saving time) in early May. That is when the star system would be highest above the southern horizon. By early July, the system reaches its highest point to the south at nightfall.
Meanwhile, in Australia and much of the southern hemisphere, Alpha Centauri is circumpolar, meaning that it never sets. Also called Rigel Kentaurus or Rigel Kent, this neighboring star is probably the most famous star that almost no one in the Northern Hemisphere has actually seen.
You must be south of 29 degrees N. latitude even to glimpse Alpha Centauri. This chart shows the view from Earth’s Southern Hemisphere. From there, Alpha Centauri’s constellation – Centaurus the Centaur – is circumpolar. It circles around and around the sky’s south pole.
For northern observers, there really are no good pointer stars to Alpha Centauri. When the bright star Arcturus is high overhead, Alpha Centauri might be low in your southern sky, assuming you are south of 29 degrees N. latitude.
Observers in the tropical and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere can find Alpha Centauri by first identifying the distinctive Southern Cross. A short line drawn through the crossbar (Delta and Beta Crucis) eastward first comes to Hadar (Beta Centauri), then Alpha Centauri.
If you are in the Southern Hemisphere, you can identify Alpha Centauri using the Southern Cross as a guide. A line drawn through the crossbar of the Cross, eastward, first comes to Hadar (Beta Centauri), then Alpha Centauri.
To the eye – taken by itself – Alpha Centauri A appears as the fourth-brightest star seen from Earth, just slightly outshone by Arcturus. However, the combined light of Alpha Centauri A and B is slightly greater than Arcturus, so the system appears as the third-brightest star visible in Earth’s sky. These stars are an average of 4.3 light-yearsaway.
Yellow Alpha Centauri A is the same stellar type as our sun (G2), although a bit larger. It looks bright in our sky because of its nearness to Earth. Just a few degrees away, the star Hadar (a separate star sometimes called Beta Centauri, not to be confused with Alpha Centauri B) appears dimmer in our sky than Alpha Centauri. But in fact, Hadar is much farther away at 525 light-years.
So you see that Alpha Centauri A isn’t a fabulously brilliant star, as stars go.
Alpha Centauri A and B are a double-star system, and a third star Proxima – whose location with respect to the other two is indicated here by an arrow – might or might not be gravitationally bound to them. Proxima is the closest star to Earth.
Image via the European Southern Observatory.
Alpha Centauri A’s surface temperature is a few degrees Kelvin less than our sun (that is, about 5770 K [5,500 degrees C or 10,000 F]), but its greater diameter (about 25 percent more than the sun) and the overall larger surface area gives it a luminosity nearly 1.6 times that of our star.
The smaller member of the system – orangish Alpha Centauri B – is slightly smaller than our sun, with a spectral type of K2. With a lower temperature (about 5300 K [5,000 C or 9,000 F) and only half the luminosity of the sun, Alpha Centauri B would shine – by itself – as the 21st brightest star in our sky.
These two brighter components of the system orbit a common center of gravity once every 80 years. The orbit is notably elliptical (non-circular), with average distance between the two stars of about 11 astronomical units, or Earth-sun distances.
The Alpha Centauri system appears to the eye as a single bright star, the brightest star in the southern constellation Centaurus the Centaur. Two alternative names for this star, Toliman and Bungula, are rarely used any more. The derivations are somewhat questionable, but Toliman may be from the Arabic for ostriches and Bungula apparently derives from Latin meaning hoof.
Thousands of years ago, a motion of Earth called precession – which causes the identity of the Pole Star to change over time – caused Alpha Centauri to appear higher in the sky as seen from the Northern Hemisphere than it does now. But it was still far to the south and often difficult to see.
Classical myth-makers didn’t spend much time with this constellation, although it was thought to represent an uncharacteristically wise centaur that figured in the mythology of Heracles and Jason. The centaur was accidentally wounded by Heracles, and placed into the sky after death by Zeus.
Alpha Centauri itself marked the right front hoof of the Centaur, although little is known of its mythological significance, if any. Ancient Egyptians revered it, and may have built temples aligned to its rising point. In southern China it was part of a star group known as the South Gate.
Astronomers determined the distance to the Alpha Centauri system for the first time in 1839, only a few months after they made the first-ever distance determination to a star (61 Cygni).
Alpha Centauri’s position is RA: 14h 39m 41s, dec: -60° 50′ 07″
Bottom line:The Alpha Centauri system is the closest star system to our sun. On our sky’s dome, we see this multiple system as a single star – the third-brightest star visible from Earth. Charts, photos and info about this fascinating star system.
Come one, come all and behold the future of space travel:steam power!
No, seriously; half a century after the world's first manned space mission, it seems that interplanetary travel has finally entered the steam age. Scientists at the University of Central Florida (UCF) have teamed up withHoneybee Robotics, a private space and mining tech company based in California, to develop a small, steam-powered spacecraft capable of sucking its fuel right out of theasteroids, planetsandmoons it's exploring.
By continuously turning extraterrestrial water into steam, this microwave-sized lander could, theoretically, power itself on an indefinite number of planet-hopping missions across the galaxy — so long as it always lands somewhere with H20 for the taking. [Hyperloop, Jetpacks & More: 9 Futuristic Transit Ideas]
"We could potentially use this technology to hop on the moon, Ceres, Europa, Titan, Pluto, the poles of Mercury, asteroids — anywhere there is water and sufficiently low gravity," Phil Metzger, a UCF space scientist and one of the chief minds behind the steampunk starship, said in a statement. Metzger added that such a self-sufficient spacecraft could explore the cosmos "forever."
Metzger and his colleagues call the lander WINE (short for “World Is Not Enough”), and a prototype of the craft recently completed its first test mission on a simulated asteroid surface in California. Using a compact drilling apparatus, the lander successfully mined the fake comet for water, converted that H20 into rocket propellant and launched itself into the air using a set of steam-powered thrusters.
While the phrase "steam-powered spaceship" might initially evoke images of a rusty, gear-laden, fog-belching bucket of bolts, the technology behind WINE is far more complex than it sounds. To get the prototype working just right, Metzger spent three years developing new steam propulsion computer models and equations to help WINE optimize its operations in response to the varying gravitational demands of its surroundings. If a WINE-like robot ever makes it to space, built-in solar panels could provide it with the initial energy needed to start its off-world drilling operations.
The successful test run is a big feather in WINE's proverbial steampunk top hat, but there's a long way to go before the lander can be tested in an actual space environment. NASA sees value in the potentially self-sufficient starship and helped fund the early stages of the project; now, the developers are seeking new partners to help take WINE out of the lab and onto another world.
Mankind has been gazing into space for some time now, but scientists still haven’t found any evidence that intelligent life exists in our neck of the cosmic woods. The universe is, of course, huge, so we normally just assume that our inability to detect alien civilizations is due to the fact that they’re just too far away. A new report by researchers at the University of Cadiz in Spain suggests that maybe that’s not actually the case, pointing to a very different possibility: we’re simply blind to their existence.
Human scientist have an unfortunate tendency to look for alien civilizations that are, well, human-like. This preconceived notion that life as we know exists elsewhere could be hampering our ability to detect alien life hiding in plain sight, the study explains.
The work, which was published in the journal Acta Astronautica, discusses the possibility of alien life existing in a way that humans quite literally cannot fathom. It’s both scary and fascinating to imagine, but it does make a good bit of sense when you suspend your disbelief for a moment.
“What we are trying to do with this differentiation is to contemplate other possibilities,” Gabriel de la Torre, a neuropsychologist who co-led the study, explains. “For example, beings of dimensions that our minds cannot grasp; or intelligences based on dark matter or energy, which make up almost 95 percent of the universe and which we are only beginning to glimpse. There is even the possibility that other universes exist, as the texts of Stephen Hawking and other scientists indicate.”
To prove that humans are often misguided by their own expectations, the researchers conducted an experiment where they asked 137 people to determine whether structures and features in a number of aerial photographs were either manmade or natural. In one of the photographs, the researchers hid a tiny image of a gorilla to see whether or not the subjects would spot it. The participants did as they were told, but many of them completely missed the gorilla simply because they weren’t specifically looking for it.
The team calls this unintentional bias is called inattentional blindness, and they suggest that a similar phenomenon may be happening with astronomers and the scientific community on a larger scale. Put simply, if we don’t know what we should be looking for, we likely won’t find anything at all, which is exactly what has happened up to this point in the search for alien life.
Even on the clearest, darkest night far from city lights, you can see only about 1% of the Milky Way galaxy's100 billion to 400 billionstars.
Here's the real trip though: For every star in the Milky Way, there's a unique galaxy drifting through the universe, each with it's own billions of stars, and approximately one planet orbiting each of those stars. That's billions and billions and billions of worlds.
And yet decades' worth of missions by Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI), an organization which listens for signs of life in space, have come up completely empty handed. Every. Single. One.
Physicist Enrico Fermi is famous for posing the natural question that follows: Where is everybody?The scale of the universe and basic math tell us alien life must be common, yet there's no evidence for it.
Welcome to the Fermi paradox.
Philosophers, physicists, and astronomers have tried to answer the Fermi paradox since its unofficial inception in 1950. Even Edward Snowden, a digital surveillance expert and former NSA contractor,recently shared his best explanation on StarTalk, astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson's podcast.
These and other answers proposed by experts are deeply unsettling — especially if you spend too much time researching them, like I did.
Keep scrolling down to get a little background on why it's so inconceivable we are utterly alone in the universe, and why it's so spooky we have yet to hear from anyone.
Aliens 101: The Kardashev Scale & Fermi Paradox
Universal Pictures
Think about how far humanity has progressed in its short 200,000 years of existence. Now consider that our galaxy is roughly 10 billionyears old.
If we can go from cave-dwelling hominids to an internet-using and robot-building society in 200,000 years, what could an alien race achieve in 10 billion years?
That's more than enough time for a civilization to develop sophisticated rockets — possibly faster-than-light travel, wormhole technology, or some other kind of cosmic shortcut that would allow them to rapidly colonize the galaxy and beyond.
The Kardashev Scale, created by astrophysicist Nikolai Kardashev, is helpful when considering such technological advancement by a developing civilization. It has three types:
A Type-I civilization has figured out how to harness all the energy on its planet. Humans are getting close to achieving this, but that's just the first tier.
Type-II civilizations are so intelligent they've figured out how to harness all the energy of their own star — an incomprehensibly larger amount of energy than what's available on one puny planet.
That's nothing compared to the Type-III civilizations, though. Those have harnessed all the energy available in their galaxy.
Any type of civilization on the Kardashev Scale would be more than capable of colonizing the universe. But we haven't detected any of these civilizations — and that's the heart of the Fermi Paradox.
You can group the best explanations for the paradox into two distinct categories: one in which aliens don't exist, and we're completely alone in the universe, and one in which aliens do exist, but for some reason we haven't made contact.
Let's start with leading ideas in the former category.
Aliens don't exist #1: The Rare Earth Hypothesis
NASA
Life on Earth might simply be a freak accident of nature, and it may not exist anywhere else in the entire universe.
This idea is called the rare Earth hypothesis. It suggests a perfect storm of things like Earth's protective magnetosphere, temperature, size, axis tilt, etc., all came together to create a very precise cradle for life to arise. These are the only conditions that life can exist in, and they don't exist anywhere else.
While it's certainly possible, the odds aren't in this idea's favor — the universe is far too vast.
For example, the European Space Agency estimates there's about 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (or 10 24) stars in the observable universe.
There's no scientific consensus as to how many of those stars might be like our own Sun, and how many may have Earth-like planets orbiting around them. But if you take even the most conservative estimate out there, then about 5% of those 10 24 stars are like the Sun. That means there are 500 billion billion other Sun-like stars.
Next, if you take the lowest estimate of how many of those Sun-like stars have an Earth-like planet orbiting it (22%), that means about 100 billion billion other Earth-like planets are out there.
Put another way, roughly 100 Earth-like planets exist for every grain of sand on Earth. Surely one of those would have life on it?
Aliens don't exist #2: The Great Filter
Paramount screencap
If Earth isn't the only planet capable of supporting life, and there are definitely no aliens out there, then something grim is going on.
That something is called the great filter, and it's kind of terrifying.
The idea is that before a civilization can make it very far along the Kardashev scale of intelligence, it hits a wall — a filter — and it dies. That's why we haven't heard from anyone: Life regularly evolves to where we're at here on Earth, then some powerful, inevitable force snuffs it out. (Nuclear weapons? Overpopulation? Asteroids? Disease?)
The problem is that there's no way to know where on the timeline of life that the great filter sits. Did we already make it past the filter, or are we are on our way to inevitable doom?
There are three possible scenarios to explain why we're still here.
a) We made it past the great filter.
20th Century Fox
This is the most optimistic interpretation. Maybe we're so clever and rare that we somehow found our way past the Great Filter while all other lifeforms have failed.
There's no way to tell what critical moment in our history may have gotten us past the filter though. It may have happened at very beginning of life. Maybe the great filter is the likelihood that life arises at all in the first place.
Or it could be the jump from simple cells to complex ones. Or the jump from semi-intelligent animals (apes) to intelligent hominids.
b) The great filter is still ahead of us, but we're the first form of life that has a shot of making it past.
AP
If you don't buy into the idea that we're so rare and special that we're the only ones to make it past the great filter, there's another pretty optimistic view point to which you can subscribe.
Maybe it's pretty easy to make it past the great filter, but the conditions in the universe have only just become ripe to support intelligent life that makes it to the other side.
That would make us the first form of life that has a chance to survive beyond the great filter. We're simply in the right place at the right time to have a shot.
c) The great filter is still ahead of us and we're all screwed.
Being in the right place at the right time would take a lot of luck. So if you don't think we're past the great filter, and you don't think we're the first life forms with a shot at making it past the great filter, there's only one remaining conclusion: Humans are toast.
A cataclysmic natural disaster, such as a huge asteroid impact or gamma ray burst, could obliterate the planet. Or we could invent some kind of super-advanced tech that will destroy us all.
That's why some scientists and philosophers are praying that we don't discover even simple microbial life somewhere like Mars or Europa. If we find life elsewhere, that will mean that it's much more likely that the great filter is still ahead of us and we're headed for disaster.
"So this is why I conclude that the silence in the night sky is golden, and why, in the search for extraterrestrial life, no news is good news," Oxford philosophy professor Nick Bostrom writes on his website. "It promises a potentially great future for humanity."
...Or maybe we just haven't heard from anyone yet.
Warner Bros.
Let's now move past that depressing "great filter" idea of inevitable doom.
Instead, we can consider the possibility that extraterrestrial life is abundant — but for a number of reasons, we haven't been able to get in touch with any of it.
Aliens do exist #1:They just visited Earth before intelligent life existed here
Or perhaps aliens seeded life on Earth?Twentieth Century Fox
Humans have only existed for about 200,000 years out of the Earth's 4.5-billion-year existence. That's just a tiny sliver of our planet's timeline.
Aliens might have visited the Earth when is was still a molten ball of lava or a stew of primordial soup.
Or, for all we know, the dinosaurs might have seen some crazy aliens that left long before humans arrived on the scene.
Aliens do exist #2: The galaxy is colonized but we live out in the boonies
Whatever happened to "Firefly"?"Firefly"
When Europeans landed in the Americas, it took a long time before they reached some distant Native Americans living far out on the West Coast.
It might be possible that alien civilizations just haven't traveled far enough to stumble upon us yet. Sort of like the remote ice planet Hoth in "Star Wars," or the wild west of space travel, as is portrayed in the TV show "Firefly."
Aliens do exist #3: Other civilizations live in a utopia and can't be bothered by us
Intelligent alien life may have discovered a way to upload their minds into a completelyself-sustaining virtual reality world where they don't need access to outside resources or energy.
They're perfectly content in the world they created, and not only completely unconcerned about getting in touch with us but reticent to do so.
Aliens do exist #4: Super-intelligent civilizations prey on lesser civilizations like ours
Runwayjam
It's possible we haven't heard from anyone else because they know better to broadcast any signals, or at least encrypt them (as Snowden suggests) — lest one of these killer civilizations pick it up. That's why some experts are vehemently opposed to a Messaging to Extraterrestrial Intelligence (METI) mission: the controversial next step to SETI, where instead of just passively listening, we actively send messages out into the cosmos.
You can take this creepy idea even farther. Maybe the first civilization that managed to achieve super intelligence is the ruler of the universe and it's out there destroying anyone else that gets close to its level.
So unfortunately, once again, we might be on a dangerous path — this time by blasting any and all communications into space.
Aliens do exist #5: Aliens are broadcasting all kinds of signals, but we're so laughably primitive we can't pick them up
Aliens might be actively broadcasting signals and trying to communicate with us, we just might not have the means to detect any of it.
Maybe we can't access the right frequencies. Maybe we don't have the right technologies yet. Maybe other life forms only communicate via telepathy.
Or perhaps super-advanced aliens might exist, and they don't want to blow our minds by visiting us with their incomprehensible technology and intelligence. They're simply waiting until we catch up, treating us as an exhibit at a zoo — look but don't touch...
Aliens do exist #6: They're everywhere, but we can't wrap our puny Type-I minds around what they are
We could be living in the Matrix, and we were put here by another super-intelligent race as an experiment. Or maybe we're all just one big computer simulation.
The bottom line is we don't know. The most intelligent people in the world have wildly different opinions about the answer to the Fermi paradox.
Humanity could be completely alone — the king of the cosmos, as our Earth-bubble has already led us to believe. Or other Type II and Type III lifeforms exist and we're a tiny, insignificant piece of a vast universe full of life. It's humbling, but also oddly comforting to consider that there could be far more to existence than we think there is.
Whatever the answer is, there's a lot to think about the next time you look up at the night sky.
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Dark Forest theory: A terrifying explanation of why we haven’t heard from aliens yet
Dark Forest theory: A terrifying explanation of why we haven’t heard from aliens yet
The Fermi paradox asks us where all the aliens are if the cosmos should be filled with them. The Dark Forest theory says we should pray we never find them.
The Milky Way galaxy has 200 billion stars and perhaps 100 billion planets. If even a small fraction of those planets harbored life, and even if only a pathetic scattering of those planets had lifeforms which became intelligent, our galaxy would be teeming with alien civilizations, some of whom would be either looking for us or discoverable for at least a little while.
The number of alien civilizations the galaxy should have can be determined by an equation, the Drake equation, that turns the above factors into variables. When you plug them into the formula, you find that there should be at least 20 civilizations in our cosmic neighborhood.
This makes the fact that we have yet to find any other life in the cosmos almost shocking when you think about it. This seeming discord between how many advanced civilizations ought to be in space and the lack of evidence for any is known as the Fermi paradox. It has lead to dozens of hypotheses and potential solutions over the last few decades.
Many of the solutions aim at one of the variables in the Drake equation and try to make the supposed number of civilizations lower so it is more reasonable for us to not have met anybody yet.
Some propose that life starting at all is rare, others suggest that the development of intelligence is the bottleneck, others still posit that most civilizations would live for a short time before blowing themselves up or, conversely, never even manage to invent the radio.
One solution, however, is a bit darker than the others
The Dark Forest solution explains why we haven't heard from aliens by positing that they are purposefully keeping quiet.
The reasoning is laid out best in the science fiction novel The Dark Forest, by Liu Cixin. The plot of the book, the second in a series, concerns questions of how to best interact with potentially hostile alien life.
In the novel, the argument is laid out like this:
All life desires to stay alive.
There is no way to know if other lifeforms can or will destroy you if given a chance.
Lacking assurances, the safest option for any species is to annihilate other life forms before they have a chance to do the same.
Since all other lifeforms in the novel are risk-averse and willing to do anything to save themselves, contact of any kind is dangerous, as it almost assuredly would lead to the contacted race wiping out whoever was foolish enough to give away their location. This leads to all civilizations attempting to hide in radio silence.
The reasoning behind the paranoia is explained in this paragraph from the novel:
The universe is a dark forest. Every civilization is an armed hunter stalking through the trees like a ghost, gently pushing aside branches that block the path and trying to tread without sound. Even breathing is done with care. The hunter has to be careful, because everywhere in the forest are stealthy hunters like him. If he finds another life—another hunter, angel, or a demon, a delicate infant to tottering old man, a fairy or demigod—there's only one thing he can do: open fire and eliminate them.
Some propose that life starting at all is rare, others suggest that the development of intelligence is the bottleneck. Others posit that most civilizations would live for a short time before blowing themselves up or, conversely, never even manage to invent the radio.
Is there a non-literary approach to this solution? Or is it just an idea that is good for a story?
It was also put forth by scientist David Brin as a potential solution to the lack of radio evidence for alien life. While the variant he describes relies on robotic probes carrying out the task of killing off civilizations other than the one that created it, the core concept remains the same. In this excerpt, he explains why this solution an attractive one for scientific purposes and terrifying for existential reasons:
“It is consistent with all of the facts and philosophical principles described in the first part of this article. There is no need to struggle to suppress the elements of the Drake equation in order to explain the Great Silence, nor need we suggest that no ETIS anywhere would bear the cost of interstellar travel. It need only happen once for the results of this scenario to become the equilibrium condition in the Galaxy. We would not have detected extraterrestrial radio traffic- nor would any ETIS have ever settled on Earth- because all were killed shortly after discovering radio."
He then reminds us that broadcasts of I Love Lucy are racing across the cosmos, ready to reveal our location and sense of humor to anybody who can pick them up.
How plausible is this theory?
This theory has the advantage of only affecting one of the variables in the Drake equation and affecting the one that is the most open to speculation. It also doesn't require us to make broad assumptions about how all alien civilizations behave; a single advanced race that acts this way would be enough to cause the observed situation.
This would also explain why we haven't found any mundane alien radio signals despite a century of being able to pick them up. Just as we accidentally send our radio signals, meant for us, out into space, another civilization would be likely to as well. One possible reason for this is that other civilizations are so fearful of being detected that they purposely avoid sending out any radio evidence of their existence.
It does, however, assume that other species have a similar risk aversion level and reasoning process as we do or that there really is one civilization out there killing off anybody they think can harm them. This is a big assumption.
Why is this theory dark?
We've been screaming our existence to the cosmos for almost one hundred years now. Any aliens within a one hundred light year radius of us would be receiving a barrage of radio signals from our direction. If we had reason to avoid letting aliens know about us, as Stephen Hawking thought we did, we might have a problem.
Why haven't we heard from aliens yet? If this solution is correct, they are purposely hiding in the darkness of space for fear of death. Should we stop broadcasting our existence to the universe too then? Or would alien life be a little nicer than we've been in our history.
From 1935 to 1943, the Works Progress Administration (WPA) employed millions of (mostly) men unemployed by the Great Depression for public works projects such as building roads, bridges and schools. The WPA also employed musicians, writers and actors in arts and literacy projects. One little known activity in Texas involved hunting for and collecting fossils across the state. Those fossils – tens of thousands of them – were taken to a storage facility at the University of Texas and, once the Depression was over, forgotten … until now. A researcher found them and traced many of the most unusual fossils to an area in Beeville that had such a diverse animal population, it has been given a new name: the Texas Serengeti.
“It’s the most representative collection of life from this time period of Earth history along the Texas Coastal Plain.”
Steven May is the research associate at the UT Jackson School of Geosciences who found and studied the fossils and traced them to four dig sites, including one in Bee County in southern Texas. According to a press release by UT, finding where they came from was necessary because, while the collection was huge, there were many missing pieces.
“They collected the big, obvious stuff. But that doesn’t fully represent the incredible diversity of the Miocene environment along the Texas Coastal Plain.”
Did Texas once look like this?
Using aerial photography and notes from the WPA program stored in the university’s archives, May and his team found the exact location of one of the dig sites along a creek on a private ranch near Beeviille, the Bee country seat. In his paper, “The Lapara Creek Fauna: Early Clarendonian of south Texas, USA,” published in Palaeontologia Electronica, May describes the breadth of the diversity that earned the spot the title of “Texas Serengeti.”
“Of the 50 species of fossil vertebrates, five species are fish, seven are reptiles, two are birds and 36 are mammals. The 36 species of mammals represent 31 genera of which four are rodents, five are carnivores, two are proboscideans, 10 are artiodactyls and 10 are perissodactyls.”
For those not up on their Clarendonian age animals, proboscideans are elephant ancestors, artiodactyls are hoofed animals that bear their weight on two of their five toes (cattle, sheep, llamas, etc.) and perissodactyls are hoofed animals that bear their weight on one toe (horses, rhinos, etc.). If that’s not enough to get you excited and yelling “Go Texas” and “Hook ‘em Horns,” May points out that the collection includes new genus of gomphothere, an extinct relative of elephants, an extinct cousin of modern dogs and the oldest fossils of the American alligator.
Don’t mess with Texas. Go do your business in Oklahoma.
After being kept in the dark for 80 years at UT and about 10,000 years in Beeville dirt before that, the Texas Serengeti fossils are moving around more now than they did on the Texas plain. They’re being used in UT classes to teach archeology students how to carefully find and remove fossils so they can resume the work started in the 1930s when it was just an activity to keep people whole, active and earning a decent wage until the Depression ended. These students will have the advantage of better equipment, computerized analysis tools and educators who won’t forget where the bones are.
The Texas Serengeti … an archeological Lone Star goldmine or a new adventure movie starring Matthew McConaughey?
Under the terms of the Freedom of Information Act, the FBI has declassified thousands of pages ofmaterial on L. Ron Hubbardand the Church of Scientology. One of those documents references a letter that Hubbard penned to the FBI. It dealt with something very strange, indeed. According to the FBI, Hubbard said that on February 23, 1951, “… about two or three o’clock in the morning his apartment was entered. He was knocked out. Aneedle was thrustinto his heart to produce a coronary thrombosis and he was given an electric shock. He said his recollection of this incident was now very blurred, that he had no witnesses and that the only other person who had a key to the apartment was his wife.”
L. Ron Hubbard
Moving on, there’s the strange story of Kenneth Goff. A one-time communist, he’s portrayed in now-released FBI papers of May 1955 as “a self-styled freelance Evangelist who for the past number of years has been speaking around the U.S. regarding the threat of communism to the U.S.” Lectures that Goff routinely delivered to interested parties included: Treason in our State Department; Should we use the Atom Bomb?; Red Secret Plot for Seizure of Denver; and Do the Reds Plan to Come by Alaska? As the FBI additionally noted: “Also, some of the titles of Goff’s books, which he publishes voluminously are: ‘Will Russia Invade America?’, ‘One World, A Red World’, and ‘Confessions of Stalin’s Agent.’”
In the same year that Hubbard was hit with a needle, Goff alsogot a visit – and also in the middle of the night. It came from a character who pumped his, Goff’s, arm full of mind-expanding chemicals. A smartly dressed human-looking alien appeared before an astonished Goff, or so he claimed, at least. It was an E.T. that wished Goff to spread the word that (a) communism was a very bad thing; and that (b) E.T. hated Reds. Goff might have been an odd character, but he was most certainly no fool. After the strange figure vanished and Goff finally regained all of his senses, he recognized it simply could not have been a coincidence that he, of all people – with a fairly significant background in matters of a communist nature – should have been warned about the perils of communism. Goff strongly doubted that the stranger in the night really was an extraterrestrial. Rather, Goff came to a very different conclusion:
Coupled with his well-publicized fears about chemicals being introduced into the water-supply to affect the mindset of the American populace, Goff – perhaps very astutely – came to believe that he had been targeted by some government agency that had, at its heart, a program involving (a) the creation of fabricated UFO-themed events; (b) the use of drugs (and needles) to instill altered states in the targeted individuals; and (c) a bigger picture of widespread manipulation and control of the populace via hoaxed UFO events. As Goff said in his 1959 publication, Red Shadows: “During the past few years, the flying saucer scare has rapidly become one of the main issues, used by organizations working for a one-world government, to frighten people into the belief that we will need a super world government to cope with an invasion from another planet. Many means are being used to create a vast amount of imagination in the minds of the general public, concerning the possibilities of an invasion by strange creatures from Mars or Venus.”
He added: “This drive began early in the 40’s, with a radio drama, put on by Orson Welles, which caused panic in many of the larger cities of the East, and resulted in the death of several people. The Orson Welles program of invasion from Mars was used by the Communist Party as a test to find out how the people would react on instructions given out over the radio. It was an important part of the Communist rehearsal for the Revolution.”
Interestingly, in the following year a man named Karl Hunrath – who, like Goff, also hailed from Wisconsin – had a very similar experience to that of Hubbard and Goff. In July 1952 Hunrath complained to his local police department about something sinister. In the early hours of a Sunday morning, someone – a man dressed in a black suit, no less – broke into Hunrath’s home, and injected his arm full of chemicals. It rendered him into a distinctly altered state of mind. Hunrath, the MIB/alien said, had been chosen to play a significant role in the alien mission on Earth. A very groggy Hunrath could only look on amazed from his bed as the somewhat foreign-sounding – but perfectly human-appearing – alien told him: “I am Bosco. You have been chosen to enter our brotherhood of galaxies.”
The suit-and-tie-wearing Bosco advised Hunrath that the space brothers from beyond were deeply worried by our warlike ways, and so, as a result, action had to be taken against those dastardly elements of the Human Race that wanted to spoil everyone else’s fun. There was not to be any The Day the Earth Stood Still-style ultimatum for one and all, however. No: The aliens wished to recruit sympathetic humans to aid their righteous cause. Hunrath, like Hubbard and Goff, had a fascination for alien life/UFOs. Rather notably, on November 10, 1953, Hunrath, with a colleague named Wilbur Wilkinson, vanished. The pair took to the skies in a small, two-seat plane, from a small California airport. Neither of them were ever seen again.
Three men, all having a deep interest in the issue of alien life. All hit in the night by needles. All in roughly the same time-frame. And, all with a connection to theories concerning extraterrestrials and UFOs. My view on all of this? I would not be at all surprised if some strange, early MKUltra type operation was at work, seeking to see how easy it might be to screw with the human mind.
Every once and a while something is dug up or discovered somewhere that seems to defy all attempts to understand it. These anomalous objects are poked, prodded, and studied, yet refuse to give up their answers, sparking talk of aliens and extraterrestrial intelligences. One very well-known account of such an object was found by chance in the U.S. State of Florida by an unsuspecting family. A perfect sphere with various unusual properties, it has gone on to fuel talk of all manner of UFO theories and conspiracy rumors, and remains an enigma to this day.
One very intriguing and rather well-known artifact of possible alien origin was discovered on March 26,1974. A raging brush fire had swept through the 88-acre property of the Betz family, on Fort George Island, Florida, leaving a vast swath of burnt and blackened land behind. As Antoine and Jerri Betz, accompanied by their 21-year-old son Terry, surveyed the damage they came through a grove of trees that had been completely incinerated by the fire, yet sitting there in the middle of what would have been an inferno was a metallic sphere of some sort, approximately the size of a bowling ball, shining there in the sunlight and seemingly untouched and not affected in the least by the fire that had torn through. In fact, it was found to be completely smooth, polished, and without a single blemish upon it except for a small triangular shape carefully etched within the metal, and it was apparently without any scratch or scorch mark on it.
It was an incredibly odd thing to see sitting there all shiny and polished in the middle of al the charred and scorched earth, and the baffled family tried to figure out what it could possibly be. They considered that it may have been a downed satellite or something dropped from a plane, but then why was there no sign of damage upon it at all? They then came to the conclusion that it was some old relic cannonball from some forgotten battle in centies past, but the lack of any rust or signs of age didn’t seem to fit. Curious, they loaded it into their truck and hauled it back home to take a better look, and this is when things would get even more bizarre.
The odd sphere was soon found to have some very peculiar properties. The first clue to this was when Terry was in the same room as the sphere one day while practicing the guitar. As he played he became aware that the metal sphere seemed to be reacting somehow to the music, throbbing in tune to the beat and emitting a vibrating sound not unlike a tuning fork. Even when the sounds stopped the family dog refused to go anywhere near it, suggesting that there were still sub-audible sounds emanating from within it. They decided to keep a closer eye on the sphere and soon noticed that it seemed to occasionally emit these thrumming hums on its own, and that it was more active on sunny days, leading them to think that it was somehow solar powered. They also accidentally discovered that it could roll around on its own and guide itself, often turning around to make its way back to whoever pushed it and able to roll on without aid for long periods of time. It seemed to react to different situations and almost have a mind of its own, leaving the whole family and anyone they showed it to in awe. This was increasingly obviously no 16th century cannonball.
Considering that the Betz family would supposedly often show off the sphere to family and neighbors, it is perhaps no surprise that word began to get out on its strange properties. Journalists began showing up to snoop around, and some of them were able to see some of the phenomena for themselves. On was a photographer from the Jacksonville Journal, who went to the residence and apparently saw the mysterious sphere in action, writing of it:
It rolled a ways then stopped. So what? She said, ‘Just wait a minute.’ It turned by itself and rolled to the right about four feet. It stopped. Then it turned again and rolled to the left about eight feet, made a big arc and came right back to my feet.
At around this time the sphere began to escalate its strange phenomena, causing other objects to move or doors to slam around the house, as well as producing loud music that sounded as if it were coming from an organ. More people came to investigate, and before long it had even attracted the attention of government organizations such as NASA, the U.S. Navy, and the the Arial Phenomena Research Organization. The Navy purportedly examined the sphere and did tests and X-rays on it, proclaiming that it was not anything they had ever seen before and that it seemed to be made of an incredibly dense, absurdly heat resistant from of stainless steel, with two other objects somewhere within its hollow frame surrounded by a halo made of material that had an unusual density, as well as a total of two negative and two positive poles. A researcher named Carl Wilson found that the ball exhibited strange magnetic characteristics and even seemed to be putting out some sort of signal, even going to say that it possessed certain properties that seemed to defy physics and that it was not made of steel at all. Another named J. A. Harder concluded that there were elements within the sphere that were unknown.
After this the trajectory of the sphere becomes unclear, the story slowly fading away from the media blitz it had enjoyed and its location sinking into obscurity, and we are left with the question of what this ball was and what happened to it. There have been theories ranging from the rational to the more fringe. The rational explanation is that this was a misidentified component of a satellite or an otherwise manmade construction such as a piece of industrial machinery such as a ball valve, but how would this explain its strange behavior and properties? One ball valve manufacturer was nevertheless sure reasonably sure that it was just a ball valve, saying of the “Betz Sphere”:
I’m not saying that this thing didn’t come from outer space because I’ve never seen it. All I’m saying is that the physical description of it matches exactly the type of ball we have in stock.
Others say that the analyses done would have immediately determined whether it was manmade or not, but that they failed to conclusively come to this conclusion, suggesting that it was something else, perhaps something alien in origin. Yet looking through the Navy records on the case it seems this may have been exaggerated somewhat by the media, as one Navy spokesman is on record having said of the ball’s purported strange ability to rove about on its own:
I believe it’s because of the construction of the house… It’s old and has uneven stone floors. The ball is almost perfectly balanced, and it takes just a little indentation to make it move or change direction.
So what are we to believe? What was this thing? It seems this story has been watered down and warped through retellings and a clear lack of information, leaving us merely scratching or heads. Perhaps an even more important question we should be asking ourselves is just where did this thing go? It was all over the news for a time and then just disappears? How can that be? Conspiracy theories say that the military or NASA had it whisked away, while others say the family got tired of all of the attention and hid it away from the world, but we really have no idea what the truth is. In the end the only way to know whether this was truly some sort of alien probe or piece of technology would be to study that sphere, and that seems to not be happening any time soon. Whatever it was, the Betz Sphere will likely remain a mystery for a long time to come.
Cataclysmic Pole Shift: Last Generation of Humans?
Cataclysmic Pole Shift: Last Generation of Humans?
The interior of the Earth is like a large lava lamp. The movement of the liquid core creates the magnetic field that deflects solar radiation from impacting the Earth’s atmosphere. The molten matter moves in globs. At some point there is a tipping point where the acceleration of shift will occur much more rapidly. We can survive this event but our technology will not. People need to prepare to live without electricity. It’s just a matter of relearning domestic and agricultural skills. Fawn 17
cat·a·clysm
(kăt′ə-klĭz′əm)
n.
1. A violent upheaval that causes great destruction or brings about a fundamental change.
2. A violent and sudden change in the earth’s crust.
There Are Multiple Races of Aliens Visiting Planet Earth Right ow via Tom Delonge
There Are Multiple Races of Aliens Visiting Planet Earth Right Now via Tom Delonge
COAST TO COAST AM. According to the information DeLonge received, there are multiple races of beings visiting Earth, some for thousands of years or more, and they don’t necessarily get along with each other.
Levenda compared the contact between these beings and humans as akin to a Cargo Cult, in which religions are created around what is perceived as a supernatural event.
In regards to concerns that government insiders could be feeding disinformation to DeLonge, Levenda noted that DeLonge respectfully came to them, rather than the insiders seeking him out.
Description: 6 flickering red/white lights linked together in a broken “V,” converged to form a hexagon, then flew away.
Driving down I-35 westbound and Rendon Crowley Rd., next to Texas Health Huguley Hospital, I was on the phone with my girlfriend, driving ahead of me, and we both witness strange red/white flashing lights in the sky a little in the distance.
We drove parallel to these lights and it looked like they were linked in a chain together 3 lights majority stay red followed by one majority staying white, then 2 more majority red (still flickering the opposite color red to white or white to red). They formed a broken V-shape, while spread out seemingly linked together somehow.
I wanted a better look so we exited the highway, turned around, and then came into the view of the strange lights. They were remaining still the first time we drove by them. As we approached they seemed to form a hexagonal shape, and started to glow the same color, but would randomly flicker the opposite light individually (red to white).
As we got closer to the spot we first witness them, they drifted away further and further ahead.
Background: I don’t have any UFO viewing experiences, but have always wanted to see something out of the ordinary. Absolutely love watching documentaries about UFO’s. I had some slight doubt at first.
Just so absolutely happy I was finally able to witness this wonderful event. I am 25 years old, white male, manage an electronic retail store. NOTE: The above image is CGI.
Linda Moulton Howe: Our Universe is Not What You Think
Linda Moulton Howe: Our Universe is Not What You Think
COAST TO COAST AM. Investigative reporter Linda Moulton Howe presented an in-depth look at whether the universe could be a computer simulation.
Back in April 2016, at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson and a panel of physicists and mathematicians, including Prof. James Gates, discussed the issue, and the surprising consensus was that the universe probably is a simulation.
Linda spoke with physicist Tom Campbell, who had a 30-year-career working for US Army Intelligence, and concurs with the notion. “You look into reality close enough and what you find is that it’s not material,” he told her. “It’s information based. Information based means it’s computed.”
Clif High: UFOs, Alien Encounters, & Secret Space via Richard Dolan
Clif High: UFOs, Alien Encounters, & Secret Space via Richard Dolan
Clif High and Predictive Linguistics. PL is the process of using computer software to aggregate vast amounts of written text from the internet by categories delineated by the emotional content of the words and using the result to make forecasts based on the emotional ‘tone’ changes within the larger population. A form of ‘collective sub-conscious expression’ is a good way to think of it.
Predictive linguistics can be used to forecast trends at many different levels, from the detail of sales to individuals, all the way up to forecasts about emerging global population trends. Richard Dolan is one of the world’s leading researchers and writers on the subject of UFOs and believes that they constitute the greatest mystery of our time. He is the author of two volumes of history, UFOs and the National Security State, both ground-breaking works which together provide the most factually complete and accessible narrative of the UFO subject available anywhere.
He also co-authored a speculative book about the future, A.D. After Disclosure, the first-ever analysis not only of how UFO secrecy might end, but of the all-important question: what happens next?
Ancient Egypt SHOCK: Great Pyramid's builders 'spread their knowledge around the world'
Ancient Egypt SHOCK: Great Pyramid's builders 'spread their knowledge around the world'
THE ancient Egyptian architects of the mysterious Pyramids of Giza have spread their knowledge to other cultures around the world, a pyramid expert has shockingly claimed.
There are more than 80,000 pyramids peppered around the globe by someconspiracyresearcher’s counts. The mysterious structures appear to vary in design and purpose but can all be traced back through the ages to a single advanced civilisation. The bizarre pyramid theory was presented by Dr Carmen Boulter, an expert in ancient Egyptian studies who led the documentary series The Pyramid Code. Speaking to Coast to Coast AM radio, Dr Boulter said pyramid building knowledge was spread around the planet at a distant point in the past.
She said: “I think that the pyramid building endeavour, and now we’re looking at about 80,000 pyramids on the planet by Dr Sam’s count, that it would have been a world-wide effort.
“Most pyramids, if you go through the centre of the pyramid down through the centre of the Earth, you come out of a volcano.
“So it seems that there was some kind of a worldwide pyramid building effort over tens of thousands of years because they’re not all the same style and there are some modern ones – more modern, relatively more modern.
“So I think we’re saying we’re looking for Atlantis and everything that went with it, then all the pyramids on the planet become relevant.”
Ancient Egypt: One expert thinks pyramid building knowledge was shared around the planet
(Image: GETTY)
The pyramid expert went on to say pyramids are positioned around the Earth near mystical sources of power known as ley lines.
Ley lines are hypothetical alignments of various holy sites, monuments and other significant structures in straight paths crisscrossing the globe.
Some conspiracies claim ley lines are actually magnetic lines naturally generated by the planet while others have more esoteric explanations for their supposed existence.
UFO enthusiast might even believe ley lines are some form of markings or pathways for UFOs to travel by.
Dr Boulter said: “It seems that after one of the disasters of Atlantis, stone circles were put in places particularly in Ireland, that represented different star groups as well.
We’re looking at about 80,000 pyramids on the planet
Dr Carmen Boulter, ancient Egyptian expert
“And so all of this is sitting together and yes, there are ley lines and they’re almost everywhere on the planet.
“It’s just astounding when you look at it because there’s places where it looks like jungle from the air but when you go down you can actually see structures underneath the vegetation.”
The Great Pyramid of Khufu, which is the tallest of Giza’s three pyramids, is estimated to have been constructed from some 2.3 million stone blocks.
The Ancient Builders of the Pyramids Spread Their Knowledge Throughout the World
The Ancient Builders of the Pyramids Spread Their Knowledge Throughout the World
COAST TO COAST AM. Carmen Boulter thinks that the civilizations who built the oldest pyramids took their knowledge and techniques to other areas of the planet and shared their ideas, and this is why we see pyramids in many ancient civilizations.
She pointed to the example of the Great Pyramid in Egypt, which she says would need to have one stone installed per minute in order to be built in the time that some claim it was completed, and added that our current technology has not advanced to the point where we could dismantle it.
She continued with her theory that Atlantis was based on a model of “empowering humanity” and “was about everyone having an opportunity to be creative,” in contrast to our modern civilization which Boulter thinks is founded on suppression of creativity and original thinking.
Local citizen capturLocal citizen captures mysterious UFO hovering over the Island of Barbadoses mysterious UFO hovering over the Island of Barbados
Local citizen captures mysterious UFO hovering over the Island of Barbados
Mexican UFO researcher Emanuel Huza received a video recorded by a local citizen showing a mysterious craft that flies over the Island of Barbados, located in the Caribbean Sea and within the area of the famous Bermuda Triangle.
Emanuel Huza "I was able to analyze the video and observed some incredible details, for example, in the video the UFO revolves around itself and it looks metallic and dark. Then it changes shape and shows a technology unknown to us."
The footage below shows the UFO flying at a low altitude, shifting and turning on itself. It is possible that it makes use of boosters as part of the propulsion, but that we don't know for sure.
UFO Falls From Sky During Double Rainbow And Lightning Storm, April 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Falls From Sky During Double Rainbow And Lightning Storm, April 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: April 26, 2019
Location of sighting: Somerset County, UK
In the video this dark UFO fell from the sky. I is very thin, yet compared to the buildings in the background, it is probably close to 30 meters long and 4 meters wide. The UFO falls directly under the location of where lightning just exploded upon, so it appears that an object was struck by the lightning and fell.
I believe this to be a UFO because only a UFO could be that big and have no wings. If the UFO was struck by lightning, then it may have temporarily lost 100% of its power and fell to earth. But as you see in the video, the UFO becomes invisible just before it hits the ground. That means the UFO regained its power just a split second before it crashed, so its cloaked was activated again and it took off.
Scott C. Waring-UFO researcher
Video states:
Megan Taylor was videotaping a spectacular thunderstorm over the English town of Bridgwater in Somerset County. In the video you can see the lightning in the sky right in front of a huge rainbow. But apparently, Taylor recorded something else that left her speechless: a mysterious black object falling from the sky just after a lightning bolt.
A UFO Has Forced An American Airlines Flight to Return to New York Airport
A UFO Has Forced An American Airlines Flight to Return to New York Airport
A UFO has made an American Airlines flight bound to Los Angeles returned to New York. Officials said the aircraft struck the object on its departure late Wednesday.
No injuries were reported among 101 passengers and eight crew members aboard Flight 300 out of JFK Airport, according to the statement issued by American Airlines.
A lady passenger inside the plane managed to capture and share a photo from inside the plane. She said she caught a big chunk out of the wing.
Officials did not elaborate on the incident further. They only said the aircraft struck the object. There’s no additional information about it.
The airline said it had no further comment on the mysterious object at this time.
The flight took off from JFK at 8:40 pm and destined for Los Angeles International Airport. The aircraft landed safely at 9:09 pm in New York.
The airline issued an apology to the passengers and informed them they would be boarding a new aircraft to proceed with their travel plans.
American Airlines said the Airbus 321 was being inspected and the bizarre incident is under review.
Shocked passenger films UFO from his plane window before the mysterious object splits into six parts and flies off (or is it just a reflection in the window?)
Shocked passenger films UFO from his plane window before the mysterious object splits into six parts and flies off (or is it just a reflection in the window?)
Lucas Kim was on JeJu Air flight from his home in Seoul, South Korea to Thailand
UFO - like a 'pulsating greenish-yellowish light' - split into three pairs and flew off
Mr Kim said that it might even be 'some crazy Russian spy plane'
Most likely explanation is sunlight reflected off the aircraft's wing and window
A passenger was shocked to see a mysterious 'aircraft' split into six pieces and then vanish while he watched through his plane window mid-flight.
Lucas Kim was jetting to Thailandfrom his home in Seoul,South Korea, when he spotted what he thought was another flight nearby.
'It is rare to see another plane flying next to your own, so I took out my phone and recorded it.'
'When I looked closely, it was not a plane - it was six individual vehicles. It was like a pulsating greenish-yellowish light,' he said.
But despite it most likely being sunlight reflected off the wing and window - or maybe the reflection of a pot of coffee being served by a flight attendant - Mr Kim is certain he had seen something out of the ordinary.
Lucas Kim believes he spotted something unusual (white cluster, left of the wing) as he was flying to Thailand from his home in Seoul, South Korea. But commenters have pointed out it is probably just sunlight reflected on the window
At first, Mr Kim assumed it was another flight which he had spotted - but then something strange seemed to happen
Mr Kim reckons that whatever it was, it was not a plane - because planes do not comprise 'six vehicles' and 'pulsate a greenish-yellowish light'. However, some people think it was just a cloud
In the footage, the supposed UFO is first visible as a distant, white dot beyond the wing of his Jeju Air flight.
But as he zooms in, it quickly becomes apparent that there are several points of light, moving in formation like no regular aircraft can. Moments later, they split into pairs and disappear from view.
'That was the only time I have seen something like this,' said Mr Kim.
Some commenters have suggested that the mysterious presence is best explained by reflected light from the plane's wing, or even just a cloud – but he remains unconvinced.
When the aircraft split into pairs and disappeared from view, Mr Kim was baffled. He reckons that if it wasn't '100% alien', it may have been some 'crazy Russian spy plane'
Reflected light from the plane's wing - or beings from another world observing Mankind to see if we're ready to be contacted?
'You can believe anything you want, but I truly think I encountered a UFO,' he said.
'The word UFO does not mean it's 100% alien. It simply means flying objects that we don't recognise. It might also be some crazy Russian spy plane.'
Still, Mr Kim is open to the idea of extraterrestrial life. 'I am a Christian and I'm sure God gave us all of this universe to explore,' he said.
'So I don't think there are other thinking species like us out there, but there might be different animals on other planets.'
A mysterious object flying near Area 51 in Nevada has sparked theories that the army may be testing an "alien" spacecraft.
Conspiracist YouTube channel Secureteam10 discussed the unusual sighting in a video uploaded last weekend. Tyler Glockner, who runs the channel and has been known across the globe for being a conspiracy theorist, claims that the strange clip was shot from Nevada. The footage shows a mysterious unidentified flying object (UFO) speeding up in the skies.
For better visibility, Glockner slowed down and filtered the video in hopes of supporting his alien craft theory. The individual who spotted the UFO initially sped alongside it to get good footage. Likewise, the person said in the video that it is a UFO sighting indeed since it is Nevada and that it is just close to Area 51. According to the eyewitness, it makes sense for the object to be flying in the area.
Glockner added that it is a "very strange shape." He zoomed in on the object and described it as something like a "spherical orb with something hanging from it." He did note that the object did not appear like a hot air balloon or just a balloon.
Glockner also goes on to describe the object that sometimes it looks like a purple up top with something protruding underneath it. The object also appears like a plasma blue or green from the bottom.
Soon enough, the uploaded video from Glockner went viral that it amassed more than two hundred thousand views on YouTube. Those who have seen the video claims that it can be irrefutable proof of aliens visiting the Earth. However, there are those that think that it might also be a secret military spacecraft that the United States military tried to subject to reverse engineering.
As with other conspiracy theories about UFOs and aliens, the debate continues whether some people already found them and the governments of the world are keeping them a secret, or we haven't seen alien life yet. This is not the first time that Glockner tried proposing mysterious objects that could be aliens. NASA has yet to prove extraterrestrial life exists, but it continues to go on missions to find life outside of Earth.
A 3/5 scale model of a proposed VTOL 'flying saucer' aircraft, the Couzinet Aerodyne RC-360, on display at a workshop on the Ile de la Jatte in Levallois-Perret, Paris, 1955. Designed by French aeronautical engineer Rene Couzinet (1904 - 1956), the Aerodyne was to feature two contra-rotating crowns of 96 small wings rotating around a motionless cockpit.
Honderden meldingen van vuurbal boven Vlaanderen - HLN.be
Honderden meldingen van vuurbal boven Vlaanderen - HLN.be
KOEN MOREAU
ThinkstockIllustratiebeeld.
WICHELEN Wie gisterenavond rond 23.15 uur naar het noordoosten keek, kon een extreem heldere vallende ster zien. Een in de atmosfeer opbrandende meteoriet zorgde enkele seconden voor een opvallend heldere vuurbal.
Het verschijnsel werd honderden keren waargenomen en dat blijkt ook uit de talrijke meldingen uit binnen- en buitenland op de website van de Vereniging voor Sterrenkunde afkomstig uit België, Duitsland, Frankijk en Nederland.
Weerman Frank Deboosere maakte op Twitter eveneens melding van het fenomeen en amateurweerman Yves Crombeen uit Serskamp beschreef het fenomeen op de pagina van Weerstation Wichelen. “Zelf zag ik het fenomeen als een witte streep, maar vreemd genoeg kunnen verschillende waarnemers andere kleuren zien”, aldus de man.
Dat verklaart waarom nogal wat mensen het over een groen of blauwachtig licht hebben. “Heel af ten toe kan het gebeuren dat tijdens zo een val een knal gehoord wordt.”
Vrijdagavond 12 april 2019 om 23u14 was ik bij toeval getuige van een vuurbol boven Wichelen. Heeft er dit nog iemand gezien? Meer uitleg op www.weerstationwichelen.be
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Jupiter's bizarre magnetic field is unlike anything scientists have ever seen
Jupiter's bizarre magnetic field is unlike anything scientists have ever seen
"The main puzzle of our study is why Jupiter's field is so simple in one hemisphere and so complicated in the other."
The lines in this visualization of Jupiter's magnetic field show that the direction of the magnetic field and the density of the lines corresponds to the strength of the field.Moore et al. and Nature
By David Freeman
If you thought Jupiter'sGreat Red Spotwas odd, wait until you get a look at its magnetic field.
While Earth's magnetic field is distributed symmetrically around the planet, Jupiter's is much stronger in the northern hemisphere than in the south. And whereas Earth's magnetic field lines converge rather neatly at the poles a bit like a giant bar magnet, Jupiter's field lines look helter-skelter on a map created from the data. The lines emanating from Jupiter's north return not to one point but to two: one near Jupiter's south pole and the other near its equator.
Artist's rendering showing NASA's Juno spacecraft making one of its close passes over Jupiter.NASA via AP
"Now we know that Jupiter's field is very different from Earth's field," Kimberly Moore, a graduate student in the Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences at Harvard University and the lead author of a paper describing the research, told NBC News MACH in an email. "The main puzzle of our study is why Jupiter's field is so simple in one hemisphere and so complicated in the other."
The scientists who conducted the research don't expect a quick solution to the puzzle.
"We're just starting to work out the possible answers," said Scott Bolton, the principal investigator of the Juno mission and a co-author of the paper, which was published Sept. 5 in the journal Nature. "Whatever's going on inside Jupiter isn't like what's going on inside other planets."
Earth's magnetic field is believed to result from the circulation of liquid iron in our planet's outer core; as this electrically conductive material moves about — driven by heat from a solid inner core — it generates a "dipolar" magnetic field.
But the new research indicates that something very different must be happening within Jupiter. One possibility that's consistent with the new data, Bolton said, is that Jupiter's magnetic field is generated not by one mechanism, as on Earth, but by two: one occurring in a layer deep within the planet and another in a layer closer to the surface. As these hypothetical fields interact, they might interact to cause the strange field seen in the Juno data, Bolton said, adding, "Maybe there is some sort of double thing here."
Additional data to be collected by Juno could help explain the mystery — but that will take years.
The new magnetic field map is a coarse one, generated from data collected by Juno over the course of eight close passes over Jupiter's surface as it skims the planet's surface at speeds of up to 150,000 miles per hour. Bolton said the final, detailed map, to be made from data collected from a total of 32 passes, would be completed in 2021.
It will take that long because it takes Juno 53 days to compete one orbit of Jupiter — and Juno is close enough to Jupiter to collect the necessary data for only a few hours of each orbit.
Juno launched in 2011 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida.
BioLogos Foundation President Deborah Haarsma speaks at the BioLogos 19 Conference in Baltimore, Maryland, on March 28, 2019. | THE CHRISTIAN POST
BALTIMORE — As there is believed to be billions of planets in the universe, the theological implications that the discovery of intelligent alien life would have was overviewed at the recent BioLogos conference.
BioLogos Foundation President Deborah Haarsma, the former chair of Calvin College’s physics and astronomy department, gave her thoughts Thursday on tough hypothetical questions related to what the potential discovery of intelligent life on other planets would have on biblical claims and teachings.
The BioLogos Foundation is an advocacy group that exists to help bridge biblical faith with modern scientific theories, which many in today’s secular society believe must be at odds.
With a conference theme of “beyond conflict,” Haarsma outlined how the theology of incarnation wouldn’t be disproven if alien life were to be discovered on other planets.
While online commentators and atheists argue that the discovery of intelligent alien life would be the “end of organized religion," she shot down the notion that Christianity is “parochial” and something that is local with no cosmic significance.
Although the Bible is about events that took place on Earth, Haarsma pointed out that the Bible is even more narrow than that because it really focuses on Abraham and his descendants. In the New Testament, the Bible focuses on Jesus’ life and ministry.
She noted that the New Testament primarily takes place in the Middle East. Even in Jesus’ journeys, Christ did not travel too far of a distance from where He was born. Although the Bible is focused primarily on a certain geographical region, its message still applies to the entire Earth.
“God’s revelation was very particular for a particular culture and a particular place. But yet, the claims of Scripture are cosmic,” she said. “In Colossians 1 it says that ‘In Him, all things were created: things on Heaven, things on Earth, visible, invisible, thrones, powers, rulers, authorities.’ All those things were created through Him and for Him.”
The biblical text from Colossians 1, Haarsma contended, suggests that claims of Christianity reach far beyond Earth and “inhabit the whole cosmos.”
“[T]he Christ that was incarnate here on Earth was the same Christ of the whole universe,” she added. “Whether or not there are intelligent aliens, the Bible’s claims are cosmic in scope and [and can’t be] shoveled aside.”
Some might ask whether the discovery of alien life reduces the significance of the human race.
“Whether or not there are intelligent beings, we are significant in God’s eyes,” Haarsma asserted. “How do we know? Well, the incarnation is a huge clue. God came and lived here as one of us. Christ died for us. He sent His spirit to live with [us]. These are the things that make us significant in God’s eyes [like] our relationship with Him.”
But would the discovery of intelligent alien life alter views on Christ’s incarnation? Haarsma explained that such a question is one where many Christians disagree. There are several theological possibilities, she pointed out.
NASA astrophysicist Jennifer Wiseman (M) speaks during the BioLogos 19 conference at the Hyatt Regency in Baltimore, Maryland, on March 28, 2019. To her left is BioLogos Foundation President Deb Haarsma. To Wiseman's right sits astrobiologist Stephen Freeland. | THE CHRISTIAN POST
One possibility is that Christ’s sacrifice on Earth redeemed the entire universe, while another possibility is that aliens might not need redemption because they might have made a different choice than humans when it comes to sin and the Fall.
Another option, she argued, was that God might have also been incarnated on alien planets to provide redemption in those worlds. The last possibility she mentioned is that aliens have their own way to God that is different from the paths humans have to God.
Haarsma noted that this idea of God being incarnated on other planets was suggested in the final novel of C.S. Lewis’ The Chronicles of Narnia series.
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DID PRESIDENT EISENHOWER MEET WITH ALIENS AT HOLLMAN AIR FORCE BASE?
DID PRESIDENT EISENHOWER MEET WITH ALIENS AT HOLLOMAN AIR FORCE BASE?
In 1953, President Harry Truman gave up the oval office and passed the reins of power to his successor, President Dwight D. Eisenhower (Ike). It appears that Truman also gave Ike a pretty hefty file concerning a top secret project called Majestic 12 that Truman establishedBy Classified Executive Order. Majestic 12 consisted of a group of scientists, military personnel and other governmental professionals who all worked together to understand and communicate with UFOs and extraterrestrials (ETs).
President Eisenhower was extremely interested in UFOs and ETs: there is Evidence that he met with ETs secretly, at least three times.
Once at Edwards Air Force Base (AFB) in California and twice at Holloman AFB in New Mexico. Since the Eisenhower meetings, other instances of UFOs landing at or near Holloman AFB have been reported.
1954 EISENHOWER-ET MEETING AT EDWARDS AFB
President Eisenhower, who had been a five-star Army general, always had a “strong belief in life on other planets.” In February 1954, he was spending several days in Palm Springs On Vacation. He disappeared for several hours one Saturday afternoon and even missed a scheduled public dinner. He was not seen again until late the following morning.
The press questioned Ike’s whereabouts, so the White House Press Secretary told them that Ike had chipped a tooth and gone to see a dentist. Even at that time, rumors were that he was visiting ETs at nearby Edwards AFB. The dentist story falls apart upon close inspection. Washington Post Staff Writer, Peter Carlson, denies the story of the chipped tooth and calls it a cover-up.
THERE WAS NO DENTIST VISIT
The Eisenhower Presidential Library has detailed reports of all Eisenhower’s medical and dental records. There is no reference to a broken or chipped tooth or dentist visit related to the Palm Springs visit. The Library also has copies of acknowledgments that were sent to everyone Eisenhower had contact with while in Palm Springs. There were records of people who met the airplane, people who sent flowers, the minister who gave the sermon at the Sunday service he attended, and others who played minor roles. But there is no proof of a note sent to a dentist. Years later, the dentist’s widow said she had no recollection of ever being told by her husband that he had done dental work on the President.
CORROBORATING EVIDENCE OF THE ET VISIT
William Cooper, who was on the Naval Intelligence briefing team and had access to classified documents, is a credible witness. His Review Of Those Documents revealed that ETs had had contact with Earth. They had warned that the Earth was “on a path of self-destruction” and they wanted to meet to help effectuate a long-lasting peace.
MEETING WITH EISENHOWER
The first meeting with the aliens and President Eisenhower occurred at Edwards AFB in February 1954. Navy Commander Charles L. Suggs reported that his father had attended the meeting between Ike and the ETs. Eisenhower met with two Nordic appearing, blue-eyed ETs. A third one stood near the door as a lookout.
The discussions were polite. Eisenhower wanted to effectuate a treaty with the aliens, but was unwilling to agree to their demand that we cease testing nuclear weapons. The aliens left with no treaty in place, but returned the next year to Holloman AFB in New Mexico, not too far from the famous Roswell alien aircraft crash site, for a subsequent meeting with Eisenhower.
GERALD LIGHT’S LETTER
There is a corroborating Story to the ET meeting with Ike at Edwards AFB. The accuracy of the story is difficult to confirm. A man named Gerald Light Wrote A Letter in April 1954 claiming to have been an eyewitness to the Edwards AFB meeting between Eisenhower and ETs. Light provided details such as watching Air Force officials studying five aircraft with the permission of their alien owners!
Some question the credibility of Light’s report since he was known to have a love of the occult and claimed to be clairvoyant, but others like Meade Layne, the former director of Borderland Sciences Research Foundation, confirms and believes Light did know first-hand what occurred.
Aliens and Cover-Ups
1955 EISENHOWER-ET MEETING AT HOLLOMAN AFB
There were Several Eyewitness Reports of a second meeting between Ike and ETs at Holloman AFB in New Mexico, which is only about 120 miles from the well-known Roswell incident. The reports are more detailed than the ones provided for the Edwards AFB meeting.
In February 1955, approximately 300 people saw Air Force One land at Holloman AFB and taxi back out to the end of the runway. Shortly after the plane landed, the pilot instructed the tower to turn off all radar while the president’s plane was on the tarmac. Shortly after Air Force One landed, and the radar was turned off, three round objects were seen in the sky. One landed about 200 feet in front of Air Force One, another hovered over the area as though keeping watch, and a third one disappeared from visibility.
A man, presumed to be Eisenhower, descended the steps of Air Force One.
He was seen shaking hands with a being at the door of the saucer, then entering the unusual saucer-shaped aircraft. Ike was in the saucer for about 45 minutes.
When he left, he was not wearing a hat and was clearly visible to many observers. All witnesses recognized him as President Eisenhower.
Respected author and former pentagon consultant, Timothy Good, came forward in 2012 to talk about Ike’s meetings with ETs. Good discussed the purpose of those meetings. The upshot is that these particular extraterrestrials, like many others ETs, apparently wanted peace. They were trying to negotiate some sort of positive settlement for Earth’s problems. Evidence indicates that they wanted the U.S. To Discontinue Testing Nuclear Weapons. At first, they apparently wanted the public to be told the truth about their existence. In the final treaty, they seemingly had changed their mind and wanted to remain secret.
Ultimately, Eisenhower Signed A Treaty with an alien race called Alien Grays. The terms of the Treaty are reported to have been:
We would not be involved in their affairs and they would not become involved in ours
They would help us with developing our technology
They would not make a treaty with any other nation on Earth
They could abduct humans for various experiments, but had to provide names of all those they abducted to Earth’s Majestic 12 committee
The public would not be informed about the existence of ETs.
UFO LANDINGS AT HOLLOMAN AFB
In 1964, Three UFOs Flew Into The Air Space At Holloman AFB. They were tracked on radar and actually Captured On Film. One seemed to wobble and eventually landed at the AFB. Three humanoids with blue-gray complexions, dressed in tight-fitting flight suits, were met by the Air Force base commander and four other officers. The aliens stayed for several days and their aircraft was purportedly repaired. What was discussed in the meetings is still a mystery. It is also still a mystery as to why so many people could have been involved in the meetings and, to date, so few people have broken their silence.
Through the years, there have been more reports of UFO landings at Holloman AFB. Documentaries have mentioned Holloman AFB as the site of alien landings. A Documentary Narrated By The Legendary Rod Serling, “UFO’s: Past, Present and Future,” was produced in 1974. It has a segment on UFO landings at Holloman AFB and the 1955 meeting with Eisenhower. The documentary was nominated for a Golden Globe award as the best documentary of the year. A later documentary, released in 1976, “UFOS: It Has Begun,” also referenced Holloman AFB and the landings that have occurred there.
IS THIS ONE OF MANY ALIEN GOVERNMENT COVER-UPS?
There may have been a time when alien cover-ups were beneficial for the safety of the country and the planet, but is it still necessary in modern times? There is a Strong Consensus among officials that alien evidence and cover-up is widespread. Will the government ever share with the public all the documents concerning ETs visiting the Earth and making treaties with our government? Why does the government still believe alien visits need to be covered-up? Learn more about Alien Visitors To Earth and subsequent Government Cover-Ups.
The sun's corona constantly breathes wispy strings of hot, charged particles into space — a phenomenon we call thesolar wind. Every now and then, however, those breaths become full-blown burps.
Perhaps as often as once every hour or two, according to a study in the February issue of the journal JGR: Space Physics, the plasma underlying the solar wind grows significantly hotter, becomes noticeably denser, and it pops out of the sun in rapid-fire orbs of goo capable of engulfing entire planets for minutes or hours at a time. Officially, these solar burps are called periodic density structures, but astronomers have nicknamed them "the blobs." Take a look at images of themstreaming off of the sun's atmosphere, and you'll see why. [The 12 Strangest Objects in the Universe]
"They look like the blobs in a lava lamp," Nicholeen Viall, a research astrophysicist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland and co-author of the recent study, told Live Science. "Only they are hundreds of times larger than the Earth."
While astronomers have known about the blobs for nearly two decades, the origin and impact of these regular solar weather events remain largely mysterious. Until recently, the only observations of the blobs have come from Earth-bound satellites, which can detect when a train of blobs bears down on Earth's magnetic field; however, these satellites can't account for the myriad ways the blobs have changed during their 4-day, 93-million-mile (150 million kilometers) journey from the sun.
Now, for the first time, Viall and her colleagues have observed the blobs as they appear in their own neighborhood. In their new study, the astronomers found evidence of the blobs in 40-year-old data. Those observations confirmed that the blobs are incredibly hot when they leave the sun — sometimes twice as hot as the average solar wind around them — and might bubble out of the corona every 90 minutes or less.
"Even when it's a quiet space weather day, in terms of explosive solar storms, there's this base level of weather always happening on the sun," Viall said. "And those little dynamics are driving dynamics on Earth, too."
The blobs that swallow the world
Since the solar blobs were first studied in the early 2000s, scientists have known that they are big — initially measuring between 50 and 500 times the size of Earth, and growing ever larger as they propagate into space, Viall said — and they are dense, potentially packed with twice as many charged particles as ordinary solar wind.
This corrected-color image shows yellow 'blobs' (marked with white arrows) ejecting from the sun over the course of 5 and a half hours. NASA researcher Nicholeen Viall says these structures look similar to 'lava lamp blobs,' but enormous.
Magnetic field readings show that when these gargantuan blobs of plasma ooze over Earth, they can actually compress the planet's magnetic field and interfere with communication signals for minutes or hours at a time. Still, those readings leave a lot of open questions, Viall said, because the blobs almost certainly evolve and cool as they wobble through space for the 4 days it takes solar wind to reach Earth. So, Viall and her colleagues decided to study the blobs much closer to their source.
In the new study, the researchers took a fresh look at historical data from Helios 1 and Helios 2, a pair of solar probes launched by NASA and the German Aerospace Center in 1974 and 1976, respectively. The twin probes orbited the sun for nearly a decade, making a closest approach of 27 million miles, or 43 million km (closer than the orbit of Mercury) while studying the temperature and magnetism of the solar wind that gushed past.
If either of the probes had been engulfed by a train of gargantuan lava-lamp blobs, the encounter should be reflected in these readings, Viall said. The researchers looked for one data pattern in particular — sudden bursts of hot, dense plasma punctuated by periods of cooler, flimsier wind — and found five instances that fit the bill.
The data from these events showed that the blobs bubbled out of the sun every 90 minutes or so, supporting visible light observations of the blobs made decades later. The results also provided the first real, space-based evidence that the blobs are indeed much hotter and denser than normal solar wind, Viall said.
Burning questions
As to why the blobs form in the first place, the jury is still out. But, based on magnetic field readings taken near Earth, it's likely that the blobs form in the same sort of explosions that create solar storms — massive blasts of plasma that launch forth when the sun's magnetic field linestangle, break and recombine.
"We think a similar process is creating the blobs on a much smaller scale — ambient little bursts as opposed to giant explosions," Viall said.
Results from NASA's Parker Solar Probe, which launched in August 2018 and is now about 15 million miles from the sun (24 million km), could soon confirm these suspicions. In addition to the 40-odd years of technological advancement that Parker has over the Helios probes, the Parker mission also ranges far closer to the sun — coming within just 4 million miles (6.4 million km) of our local star at its closest approach. From this sizzling vantage point, the probe should be able to observe the blobs "right after they're born," Viall said.
An international network of radio telescopes has produced the first-ever close-up image of a black hole's shadow, which scientistsrevealed this morning (April 10). The collaboration, called the Event Horizon Telescope, confirmed decades of predictions of how light would behave around these dark objects, and set the stage for a new era of black hole astronomy.
"From a scale of zero to amazing, it was amazing," said Erin Bonning, an astrophysicist and black hole researcher at Emory University who was not involved in the imaging effort.
"That said, it was what I expected," she told Live Science.
The announcement, teased for about a week and a half in advance, managed to be both incredibly exciting and almost completely devoid of surprising details or new physics. Physics didn't break down. No unexpected features of black holes were revealed. The image itself was almost a perfect match for illustrations of black holes we're used to seeing in science and pop culture. The big difference is that it's a whole lot blurrier. [9 Weird Facts About Black Holes]
There were several important questions related to black holes that remained unresolved, however, Bonning said.
1. How do black holes produce their enormous jets of hot, fast matter?
On the left, an image taken using the CHANDRA X-Ray Telescope at the same time as the Event Horizons Telescope made its picture shows a relatavistic jet crossing the Virga A galaxy. On the right is the image of the black hole shadow from the Event Horizons Telescope.
All supermassive black holes have the ability to chew up nearby matter, absorb most of it past their event horizons, and spit the remainder out into space at near light speed in blazing towers astrophysicists call "relativistic jets."
And the black hole at the center of Virgo A (also called Messier 87) is notorious for its impressive jets, spewing matter and radiation all over space. Its relativistic jets are so huge that they can fully escape the surrounding galaxy.
A 1998 Hubble image shows the relatavistic jet escaping Virgo A.
And physicists know the broad strokes of how this happens: The material accelerates to extreme speeds as it falls into the black hole's gravity well, then some of it escapes while retaining that inertia. But scientists disagree about the details of how this happens. This image and the associated papers don't yet offer any details.
Figuring that out, Bonning said, will be a matter of linking up Event Horizons Telescope observations — which cover a fairly small amount of space — with the much bigger images of relativistic jets.
While physicists don't yet have answers, she said, there's a good chance that they'll come soon — especially once the collaboration produces images of its second target: the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* at the center of our own galaxy, which doesn't produce jets like Virgo A's. Comparing the two images, she said, might offer some clarity.
2. How do general relativity and quantum mechanics fit together?
Whenever physicists get together to talk about a really exciting new discovery, you can expect to hear someone suggest that it might help explain "quantum gravity."
That's because quantum gravity is the great unknown in physics. For about a century, physicists have worked using two different sets of rules: General relativity, which covers very big things like gravity, and quantum mechanics, which covers very small things. The problem is, those two rulebooks directly contradict one another. Quantum mechanics can't explain gravity, and relativity can't explain quantum behavior.
Someday, physicists hope to link the two together in a grand unified theory, likely involving some sort of quantum gravity.
And before the announcement today, there was speculation that it might include some breakthrough on the subject. (If general relativity's predictions hadn't been borne out in the image, that would have moved the ball forward.) During a news briefing from the National Science Foundation, Avery Broderick, a physicist at the University of Waterloo in Canada, and a collaborator on the project, suggested those sorts of answers might be coming.
But Bonning was skeptical of that claim. This image was entirely unsurprising from a general relativity perspective, so it offered no new physics that might close the gap between the two fields, Bonning said.
Still, it's not crazy that people hope for answers from this sort of observation, she said, because the edge of a black hole's shadow brings relativistic forces into tiny, quantum-size spaces.
"We would expect to see quantum gravity very, very close to the event horizon or very, very early in the early universe [when everything was packed into a tiny space]," she said.
But at the still-blurry resolution of Event Horizons Telescope, she said, we aren't likely to find those sorts of effects, even with planned upgrades incoming.
3. Were Stephen Hawking's theories as correct as Einstein's?
The physicist Stephen Hawking's greatest early-career contribution to physics was the idea of "Hawking radiation" — that black holes aren't actually black, but emit small amounts of radiation over time. The result was hugely important, because it showed that once a black hole stops growing, it will start to very slowly shrink from the energy loss.
But the Event Horizons Telescope didn't confirm or deny this theory, Bonning said, not that anyone expected it to.
Giant black holes like the one in Virgo A, she said, emit only minimal amounts of Hawking radiation compared to their overall size. While our most advanced instruments can now detect the bright lights of their event horizons, there's little chance that they will ever tease out the ultra-dim glow of a supermassive black hole's surface.
Those results, she said, will likely come from the tiniest black holes — theoretical, short-lived objects so small that you might enclose their whole event horizon in your hand. With the opportunity for up-close observations, and much more radiation available compared to their overall size, humans might eventually figure out how to produce or find one and detect its radiation.
So what did we actually learn from this image?
First, physicists learned that Einstein was right, once again. The edge of the shadow, as far as the Event Horizons Telescope can see, is a perfect circle, just as physicists in the 20th century working with Einstein's equations of general relativity predicted.
"I don't think anyone should be surprised when yet another test of general relativity passes," Bonning said. "If they had walked on stage and said that general relativity had broken, I would have fallen off my chair."
The result with more immediate, practical implications, she said, was that the image enabled scientists to precisely measure the mass of this supermassive black hole, which sits 55 million light-years away at the heart of the Virgo A galaxy. It's 6.5 billion times more massive than our sun.
That's a big deal, Bonning said, because it could change the way physicists weigh the supermassive black holes at the hearts of other, more distant or smaller galaxies.
Right now, physicists have a pretty precise measurement of the mass of the supermassive black hole at the heart of the Milky Way, Bonning said, because they can watch how its gravity moves individual stars in its neighborhood.
Robert McNees@mcnees
Good morning. Here are a bunch of stars orbiting the Milky Way's central black hole over a period of about 20 years. The star near the center passes within 20 billion km of the bh and reaches speeds of ~3% of the speed of light Image: ESO/MPE (doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-05825-3)
But in other galaxies, our telescopes can't see the movements of individual stars, she said. So physicists are stuck with rougher measurements: How the black hole's mass influences light coming from different layers of stars in the galaxy, or how its mass influences light coming from different layers of free-floating gas in the galaxy.
But those calculations are imperfect, she said.
"You have to model a very complex system," she said.
And the two methods end up producing somewhat different results in every galaxy physicists observe. But at least for the black hole in Virgo A, we now know that one method is correct.
"Our determination of 6.5 billion solar masses ends up landing right on top of the heavier mass determination from [the light coming from stars]," Sera Markoff, an astrophysicist from the University of Amsterdam and a collaborator on the project said in the news briefing.
That doesn't mean that physicists will just move wholesale to that approach for measuring black hole masses, Bonning said. But it does offer an important data point for refining future calculations.
April 10, 2019: If you like solar minimum, good news: It could last for years. That was one of the predictions issued last week by an international panel of experts who gathered at NOAA’s annual Space Weather Workshop to forecast the next solar cycle. If the panel is correct,already-low sunspot countswill reach a nadir sometime between July 2019 and Sept 2020, followed by a slow recovery toward a new Solar Maximum in 2023-2026.
“We expect Solar Cycle 25 will be very similar to Cycle 24: another fairly weak maximum, preceded by a long, deep minimum,” says panel co-chair Lisa Upton, a solar physicist with Space Systems Research Corp.
The solar cycle is like a pendulum, swinging back and forth between periods of high and low sunspot number every 11 years or so. Researchers have been tracking the cycle since it was discovered in the 19th century. Not all cycles are alike. Some are intense, with lots of sunspots and explosive solar flares; the Space Age began with a big booming solar maximum. Others are weak, such as the most recent, Solar Cycle 24, which peaked in 2012-2014 with relatively little action.
Researchers are still learning to predict the ebb and flow of solar activity. Forecasting techniques range from physical models of the sun’s inner magnetic dynamo to statistical methods akin to those used by stock market analysts.
“We assessed ~61 predictions in the following categories: Climatology, Dynamo, Machine Learning/Neural Networks, Precursor Methods, Spectral/Statistical Methods, Surface Flux Transport, and Other,” says Upton. “The majority agreed that Solar Cycle 25 would be very similar to Solar Cycle 24.”
“Here,” she says, “is a figure showing the last minimum and where we are with the current minimum.”
“As you can see – we haven’t quite reached the lowest levels of the last cycle – where we experienced several consecutive months with no sunspots. However, the panel expects that we should reach those levels [between now and the end of 2020].”
In recent years, the Internet has buzzed with the idea that a super-deep solar minimum such as the 70-year Maunder Minimum of the 17th century might cool the Earth, saving us from climate change. That’s not what the panel is saying, however.
“There is no indication that we are currently approaching a Maunder-type minimum in solar activity,” says Upton. Solar minimum will be deep, but not that deep.
The panel predicts a “fairly weak” Solar Cycle 25. What does that mean? Saying that a solar cycle is “weak” is a bit like saying hurricane season will be “weak.” In other words, there may be fewer storms, but when a storm comes, you’d better batten down the hatches. “Weak” Solar Cycle 24 produced a number of intense X-class solar flares, strong geomagnetic storms, and even a Ground Level Event (GLE) when solar energetic particles reached Earth’s surface. An equally “weak” Solar Cycle 25 could do the same 3 or 4 years hence.
Meanwhile, we have solar minimum. This is a widely misunderstood phase of the solar cycle. Many people think it brings a period of dull quiet. In fact, space weather changes in interesting ways. For instance, as the sun’s magnetic field weakens, holes open in the sun’s atmosphere. Emerging streams of solar wind buffet Earth’s magnetic field, sustaining auroras even without solar flares and sunspots. Some observers believe that Solar Minimum auroras have a distinctive palette, pinker than during other phases of the solar cycle.
The sun’s weakening magnetic field also allows cosmic rays to enter the solar system. Energetic particles from deep space penetrate Earth’s atmosphere with a myriad of possible effects ranging from changes in upper atmospheric electricity to extra doses of radiation for people on airplanes.
Finally, the sun dims, especially at extreme ultraviolet wavelengths. This, in turn, causes the upper atmosphere to cool and contract. Aerodynamic drag that would normally cause satellites to decay is reduced; space junk accumulates. This effect makes solar minimum a terrible time to blow up satellites–although people do it anyway.
The Solar Cycle Prediction Panel is comprised of scientists representing NOAA, NASA, the International Space Environment Services, and other U.S. and international scientists. Their April 5th prediction was preliminary, and they plan to issue a refined forecast by the end of 2019. Stay tuned.
Photo: Melinda Sue GordonHugo Weaving (links) als Agent Smith. Hij moet ervoor zorgen dat mensen niet uit de Matrix kunnen ontsnappen.
Technologische vooruitgang
Rizwan Virk onderzocht de hypothese voor zijn boek The Simulation Hypothesis. Een van de redenen waarom de theorie de laatste jaren zo aan populariteit wint, is de enorme technologische vooruitgang op vlak van computerspelletjes, zegt Virk. “In de jaren ’80 en ’90 waren computers niet krachtig genoeg om een wereld zoals World of Warcraft of Fortnite te renderen.”
Het is waarschijnlijker dat je een gesimuleerd wezen bent, omdat er veel meer gesimuleerde wezens dan biologische wezens bestaan.
Rizwan Virk, MIT
Daarnaast wijst Virk, zelf een ontwikkelaar van videospelletjes, op het statistische argument waarmee Oxford-professor Nick Bostrom al in 2003 op de proppen kwam. Hij vertrok van de veronderstelling dat een samenleving op een bepaald moment erg realistische “vooroudersimulaties” begint te creëren. Aangezien elke server miljoenen of triljoenen gesimuleerde wezens bevat, zal het aantal gesimuleerde wezens daarom veel groter zijn dan het aantal biologische wezens.
“Als slechts één samenleving ooit met dergelijke simulaties begint, dan is het waarschijnlijker dat je een gesimuleerd wezen bent, omdat er veel meer gesimuleerde wezens dan biologische wezens bestaan”, aldus Virk, die schat dat onze samenleving zelf over uiterlijk een honderdtal jaren met dergelijke simulaties zal aanvangen.
Ik denk dat het waarschijnlijker is dat we in een simulatie leven, dan niet.
Rizwan Virk, MIT
Rizwan wijst op grote vraagstukken uit de fysica die op dit ogenblik beter verklaard kunnen worden door de simulatiehypothese dan door de ‘aardse’ hypotheses die momenteel voorhanden zijn. “Als de wereld niet echt fysiek is, maar gebaseerd is op informatie, dan zou ik zeggen dat het een eenvoudigere verklaring kan zijn dat we leven in een simulatie die gebaseerd is op computerwetenschap en informatie”, stelt hij.
Voorspellingen
Waarom zou iemand al die energie stoppen in het creëren van een gesimuleerde samenleving, kan je je afvragen. “Het is best mogelijk dat wie onze simulatie creëert, wil te weten komen hoe het met een beschaving, die zelf keuzes kan maken, zal aflopen. Zouden we onszelf vernietigen? Zouden we kernwapens creëren? Zouden we onze eigen simulatie creëren?”, licht Virk toe.
Photo: Jasin BolandCarrie-Anne Moss als Trinity (links). Zij is Neo’s “love interest” in de trilogie.
“Ik denk niet noodzakelijk dat we in een simulatie leven die slechts één doel heeft, zoals kijken hoe we de klimaatverandering kunnen aanpakken. In de plaats daarvan, net zoals in een videospel met meerdere spelers, heeft elk personage zijn persoonlijke doelstellingen en de keuzevrijheid om te beslissen wat er gaat gebeuren.” Op die manier is ieder personage een experiment op zichzelf, stelt hij.
Na zijn onderzoek is Virk geneigd om zich bij de stelling van Elon Musk aan te sluiten. Hij schat de kans dat we in een simulatie leven tussen de 50 en de 100 procent. “Ik denk dat het waarschijnlijker is dat we in een simulatie leven, dan niet.”
RVWie meer wil weten over de simulatietheorie, kan daarvoor terecht in het boek van Rizwan Virk.
Since at least 1967,reports have surfaced throughout the United States of animals – but, chiefly, cattle – slaughtered in bizarre fashion. Organs are taken and significant amounts of blood are found to be missing. In some cases, the limbs of the cattle are broken, suggesting they have been dropped to the ground from a significant height. Evidence of extreme heat, to slice into the skin of the animals, has been found at mutilation sites. Eyes are removed, tongues are sliced off, and, typically, the sexual organs are gone. While the answers to the puzzle remain frustratingly outside of the public arena, theories abound. They include extraterrestrials, engaged in nightmarish experimentation of the genetic kind; military programs involving the testing of new bio-warfare weapons; occult-based groups that sacrifice the cattle in ritualistic fashion; and government agencies secretly monitoring the food-chain, fearful that something worse than “Mad Cow Disease” may have infected the U.S. cattle herd – and, possibly, as a result, the human population, too. Cattle mutilations are a favorite topic of UFO researchers and conspiracy theorists. From the mid-1970s to the dawning of the 1980s, however, the phenomenon was of varying degrees of concern to another body: the FBI. But, how and why did the FBI get involved? It’s an important question that requires an answer.
From January to March 1973, the state of Iowa was hit hard by cattle mutilations. Not only that, many of the ranchers who lost animals reported seeing strange lights and black-colored helicopters in the direct vicinity of the attacks. That the FBI took keen notice of all this is demonstrated by the fact that, as the Freedom of Information Act has shown, it collected and filed numerous media reports on the cattle-mutes in Iowa. The next piece of data dates from early September 1974. That’s when the FBI’s director, Clarence M. Kelley, was contacted by Senator Carl T. Curtis, who wished to inform the Bureau of a wave of baffling attacks on livestock in Nebraska – the state in which Curtis resided and represented. At the time, the FBI declined to get involved, as Director Kelley informed the senator: “It appears that no Federal Law within the investigative jurisdiction of the FBI has been violated, inasmuch as there is no indication of interstate transportation of the maimed animals.”
One year later, in August 1975, Senator Floyd K. Haskell, of Colorado, made his voice known to the FBI, on the growing cattle mutilation controversy: “For several months my office has been receiving reports of cattle mutilations throughout Colorado and other western states. At least 130 cases in Colorado alone have been reported to local officials and the Colorado Bureau of Investigation (CBI); the CBI has verified that the incidents have occurred for the last two years in nine states. The ranchers and rural residents of Colorado are concerned and frightened by these incidents. The bizarre mutilations are frightening in themselves: in virtually all the cases, the left ear, rectum and sex organ of each animal has been cut away and the blood drained from the carcass, but with no traces of blood left on the ground and no footprints.”
The senator had much more to say, too: “In Colorado’s Morgan County area there has [sic] also been reports that a helicopter was used by those who mutilated the carcasses of the cattle, and several persons have reported being chased by a similar helicopter. Because I am gravely concerned by this situation, I am asking that the Federal Bureau of Investigation enter the case. Although the CBI has been investigating the incidents, and local officials also have been involved, the lack of a central unified direction has frustrated the investigation. It seems to have progressed little, except for the recognition at long last that the incidents must be taken seriously. Now it appears that ranchers are arming themselves to protect their livestock, as well as their families and themselves, because they are frustrated by the unsuccessful investigation. Clearly something must be done before someone gets hurt.”
Again, the FBI declined to get involved in the investigation of the phenomenon. It was a stance the FBI stuck to (despite collecting numerous, nationwide newspaper and magazine articles on the subject) until 1978. That was when the FBI learned of an astonishing number of horse and cattle mutilations in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico – mutilations which actually dated back to 1976. They had all been scrupulously investigated and documented by Police Officer Gabe Valdez of Espanola. It was when the FBI was contacted by New Mexico Senator Harrison Schmitt (also the twelfth person to set foot on the Moon – in December 1972), who implored the FBI to get involved, that action was finally taken. In March 1979, Assistant Attorney General Heymann prepared a summary on the New Mexico cases for the FBI, and – for good measure – photocopied all of Officer Valdez’s files to the Bureau’s director. Things were about to be taken to a new level, files were about to be scrutinized, and investigations were soon to follow. And, for the FBI, that’s pretty much how it all began.
People are a lot more predictable than we like to pretend. Sociologists have a set of laws they use to predict how large groups of people will behave—how populations shift, how likely two people are to become friends, how population distribution between cities in a given country will shake out. One such law is called Zipf’s law which predicts the populations of cities in a given country with spooky accuracy. Zipf’s law says that populations of cities will be inversely proportional to the city’s rank. If the most populous city in a country has 10 million people, the second most populated city will have a population of 10 million divided by two, the third most populous city will have a population of 10 million divided by three, and so on and so on until you get to the city ranked 10 millionth on the list which is just a dude in a treehouse.
Zipf’s law has been accepted as true by sociologists, but until now there was no theoretical framework for why. It was simply based off what sociologists have observed. Well, now there’s a potential answer for why: it was written in the stars.
Or, more accurately, galaxies. A recent paper by Henry Lin and Abraham Loeb at the Harvard-Smithsonian Centre for Astrophysics in Cambridge proposes that there is a grand, unifying principal behind all scaling laws—like Zipf’s law—based on the way galaxies formed at the beginning of the universe. They write:
“We treat the population density as the fundamental quantity, thinking of cities as objects that form when the population density exceeds a critical threshold. The situation is therefore conceptually and mathematically analogous to the formation of galaxies in the universe.”
This is just a big old space-city.
Using publicly available population data and the decades of cosmological work done studying galaxies, Lin and Loeb showed that the models that determine the spread and makeup of galaxies can be used to predict human population scaling. Each time they used their galaxy-based model to predict population changes, they came to the exact equations that were already present in sociologists’ scaling laws.
And it wasn’t just city size. They found a galactic explanation for the laws governing whether two people become friends, the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, and other complex human interactions. They write:
”We derive a simple statistical model that explains all of these scaling laws based on a single unifying principle involving the random spatial growth of clusters of people on all scales.”
And this is just a little people-galaxy.
It’s pretty wild, but it’s hard to be surprised by it. After all, we’re made of star stuff, and whether you’re a person or a galaxy, math is math. And while this is hard science, it’s a principal that’s been espoused for very long time by people that don’t really understand what they’re saying: as above, so below. The math that governs galaxies is the same math that governs human populations. I don’t know if I’m awe-struck by that, or depressed. Maybe a little bit of both.
A new study conducted by Tel Aviv Universityproposes that Neanderthals and woolly mammoths shared the same climate adaptation traits. The elephant-like animals from around 600,000 years ago and the early humans from approximately 400,000 years ago seem to have the same molecular characteristics that helped them adapt to cold environments.
The relationship between the ancient Neanderthals and woolly mammoths from the Pleistocene epoch is that they shared the same living environments in Europe during the Ice Age. Ran Barkai and Meidad Kislev from TAU’s Department of Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Cultures led the study.
“Neanderthals and mammoths lived together in Europe during the Ice Age. The evidence suggests that Neanderthals hunted and ate mammoths for tens of thousands of years and were actually physically dependent on calories extracted from mammoths for their successful adaptation,” explained Barkai, adding, “Neanderthals depended on mammoths for their very existence. They say you are what you eat. This was especially true of Neanderthals; they ate mammoths but were apparently also genetically similar to mammoths.”
In order to determine just how genetically similar they were, archaeologists studied three case studies of gene variants and alleles that are connected to the adaptation of cold climates and that were found in the genomes of both Neanderthals and woolly mammoths.
The first case study showed that they had the same appearance of the LEPR gene which is connected to thermogenesis as well as the fat storage and adipose tissue regulation in their bodies. Keratin protein genes in the species were examined in the second case study, while their skin and hair pigmentations in the MC1R and SLC7A11 genes were studied in the third case.
Kislev explained the studies, “Our observations present the likelihood of resemblance between numerous molecular variants that resulted in similar cold-adapted epigenetic traits of two species, both of which evolved in Eurasia from an African ancestor.” He went on to say, “These remarkable findings offer supporting evidence for the contention regarding the nature of convergent evolution through molecular resemblance, in which similarities in genetic variants between adapted species are present.”
The research also suggested that both species more than likely came from ancestors who left Africa to go to Europe and had to adapt to the frigid cold temperatures during the Ice Age. They also became extinct around the same time period.
Barkai offered a new theory about the connection between the two species, “Are there genetic similarities between evolutionary adaptation paths in Neanderthals and mammoths? The answer seems to be yes. This idea alone opens endless avenues for new research in evolution, archaeology and other disciplines.” He then added, “At a time when proboscideans are under threat of disappearance from the world due to the ugly human greed for ivory, highlighting our shared history and similarities with elephants and mammoths might be a point worth taking into consideration.”
Astronomers have unveiled the first ever image of a black hole
Astronomers have unveiled the first ever image of a black hole
A group of astronomers from the Event Horizon Telescope have unveiled the first-ever image of a black hole.
The major announcement was made in simultaneous news conferences in Washington, Brussels, Santiago, Shanghai, Taipei and Tokyo as the European Commission, European Research Council, and the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) project detailed the findings of their mission.
They explained that they surveyed the Messier 87 galaxy in an effort to be able to picture the “supermassive black hole and its core.” This black hole resides about 54 million light-years from Earth.
I was going through Wikileaks and found this info pertaining to a secret moon base that the United States had destroyed back in the late 1970s. The cable has only the document details, but not the full document because it was hand written and was never put onto digital format.
How would the US destroy an alien base on Earths moon without anyone suspecting? Thats easy. Do you remember the Apollo missions? Well there were suppose to be more 20 such missions to the moon, however NASA suddenly stopped at Apollo 17, so that they could do some covert black ops missions that involved alien tech recovery and reconnaissance of alien structures and ships and to detect any possible threats to America.
Actual photo of the alien base that was destroyed, credit to Apollo 20 astronaut William Rutledge.
I met a man named William Rutledge back in 2011 on Youtube when he uploaded a half dozen videos of the Apollo 20 mission that he took part in. Its was a US-Russia shared mission to the moon near Delporte Crater. William and the other astronaut recorded on film their activities on the moon. Including exploring a cigar ship in Delporte crater through a hole already cut in the side of the ship. Inside they found glass tubes along the walls with tiny bipedal skeletons (a few inches tall) inside the tubes. They also found a female pilot with hoses attached to her nose and she was in a coma state and appeared to be physically and mentally connected to the ship. She never did wake, but was taken back to Earth. He also recorded a beautiful but damaged alien city on the moon. I believe this is the alien base that was destroyed by the US. They probably destroyed it on a later mission after they had recovered all the possible alien tech that the could bring back.
Why would America destroy the alien base? To keep it out of the hands of other countries of the world. Imagine what would happen if Israel landed a probe on the moon and found the base, publicly claiming it and all its contents to be Isreali owned. It would suddenly make Israel a world power over night. America does not want to lose that title nor do they want to deal with the competition of other countries beating them to alien cities, worlds and exploring the universe. Although the US did share those covert Apollo missions with Russia at the time.
Apparently William Rutledge never leaned about the NASA destroying the alien base on the moon that he had once recorded. It would have broken his heart. He told me he was old, in his late 70s at the time I spoke to him. He said that he had some of the films converted into digital video so he could share it before he passed away. He was old and wanted to get this secret off his chest.
I will place a few of his video below for you to explore, but mind you, his channel was attacked by the NSA/CIA and they deleted all but one of his videos. He got scared and left Youtube never to return. He went by the Youtube name RetiredAFB and can still be found there. But he has disappeared in his old age. Probably passed away by now in his wifes home country of Rwanda. Scott C. Waring
There videos below were given to me by William Rutledge. They are 100% authentic. After he told me about the cigar ship in Delporte crater I began searching for photos of the crater. It took two weeks but I finally found it and the photo confirms Williams story. The cigar UFO is in Delporte crater. I shared the photos with him and he was amazed by what I found and thanked me for believing in him and trusting him. He was surprised that NASA accidentally released those photos (below) with the cigar ship he explored in it. Clearly they were top secret and were not meant to be released to the public.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:Ruins, strange artifacts on other planets, moons, ed ( Fr, EN, NL )
Old Ship Wreak Found Near Bermuda On Google Earth Map, April 2019, UFO Sighting News.
Old Ship Wreak Found Near Bermuda On Google Earth Map, April 2019, UFO Sighting News.
Google coordinates: 25°26'26.99"N 78° 0'28.46"W I was deep in the Wikileaks docs and found a statement about how weather planes flying off Miami, Florida would sometimes photograph UFOs rising out of the ocean. So I was using Google Earth free online map for searching for the alien base in that area, but instead I found this ship wreak. The total length of the ship is about 55-65 meters. One half of the ship is upside-down while the other half is rightside-up. I made a short video of it, so you can find the shipwreck.
They can also survive without water for up to a decade by shriveling up and placing themselves in something resembling a state of suspended animation—and it is that trait that has scientists at Harvard Medical School, the University of Washington and MIT interested.
Their research is being funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), having been awarded up to $14.8 million as part of the Biostasis program in December 2018. The aim of the program is to find a way to extend the “golden hour,” the period of time between a traumatic injury and medical intervention. This could apply to a soldier suffering a traumatic injury on the battlefield, someone suffering a stroke or heart attack, or cases of sepsis.
Biostasis interventions would not be a long-term fix; biological processes would return to normal after a short period. But it would buy doctors and medical personnel more time to get the patient the help they need.
Tardigrades offer a promising avenue for this area of research because of their ability to shut down their metabolic processes and enter a state of cryptobiosis, wherein the creature is sort of frozen in time, having slowed down its metabolic processes to almost undetectable levels.
“The idea is that tardigrades have proteins can slow [them down], so that they can survive extreme conditions such as dehydration,” Harvard’s Pamela Silver, principal co-investigator on the project, told Newsweek. “These are called IDPs: intrinsically disordered proteins. The functions of this class of proteins are under intense recent research, so our results play into the overall picture as well. Our idea is to design proteins that have similar action in human cells and tissues. The notion is that by forming a special state in cells, that the proteins then can become protective. It is of note that our new proteins could prove [to be] a basis for further drug design.”
DARPA’s involvement in the project was described as a “cooperative agreement” that will last for five years. In that time, the agency’s program manager can be involved with and influence how the research develops.
Tristan McClure-Begley, Biostasis program manager, told Newsweek: “Tardigrades are an excellent example of cryptobiotic organisms—that is, creatures that can reversibly enter a state where all outwardly observable signs of metabolic activity are effectively paused under conditions that are essentially incompatible with life … In order to survive extreme environmental challenges and reversibly enter that cryptobiotic state, they actually upregulate the production of certain proteins that have interesting properties, such as the lack of highly ordered structure and the ability to interact with many other proteins and promote vitrification within the organism. This effectively protects the organism’s cellular components until such time when conditions are more habitable.
“The discovery of these proteins and their roles in tardigrade survivability serves as good proof of concept for the application of novel unstructured proteins as inducers and supporters of cryptobiotic states.”
Tardigrades are being studied for their extreme survival abilities.
PLOS ONE
Current research indicates that tardigrades are able to deploy biochemicals, including proteins and sugar molecules, which protect cells from damage. These disordered proteins—the IDPs—are found across nature, including in humans. However, not all IDPs slow down cellular aging, so first the team must work out the structure of the proteins that helps tardigrades survive extreme conditions. After that, they will need to design a protein that can be turned into a “drug” for human benefit.
This is an extremely complicated task. The sequence of the amino acids that make up a protein determine its shape. The shape then determines its function. What the team has to do is find the right shape from an infinite number of possible amino acid combinations. To do this, researchers are going to use a computer model to run through possible candidates, then test them to rule them out or investigate them further.
“We have a design-build-test cycle where we test many proteins at once,” Silver said. “The first step is to use machine learning to design new proteins. Then we will test their ability to preserve activities of proteins. This is followed by cell-based tests for prolonging life under harsher conditions, followed by tests in organoids that mimic tissues and, lastly, in animal models.
“It is important to note that we are developing totally new designer proteins based on what nature has provided. Our ‘drug’ will be a protein. The proteins need to be delivered to cells—this is another part of the challenge of the project. For example, they could be delivered by a spray onto the wounded area.”
Silver said their work had just begun, but was confident in the “exceptional team” involved. Much more research will be needed before it gets to the point of human tests, something the Biostasis program is not funding at this point.
“Any designer peptides they create would be subject to the same preclinical regulatory evaluation for safety that any drug or compound destined for introduction into a human body receives prior to any study designed to test the products in humans,” said McClure-Begley, adding that the initial real-world applications could include the preservation of biological products without the need for refrigeration, such as vaccines, blood products and engineered cells.
“This is an example of DARPA funding high-risk research with broader impacts to all people,” Silver added.
The end goal of Biostasis is to “add a new class of tools to the human health toolbox” that can protect biological systems from collapse after damage, McClure-Begley said. “Medical professionals already have lots of ways to help the body cope with insult and aid in the elimination of infectious organisms, but we do not currently have any approaches that work by slowing down the types of cascading molecular events that ultimately lead to the collapse of the system.
“Biostasis is fundamental biochemistry research, but our hope is that the direction we’re taking and the types of technology being developed will provide new opportunities for improved care in the future.”
WHEN WILL WE ADVANCE TO A TYPE 1 CIVILIZATION ON THE KARDASHEV SCALE?
WHEN WILL WE ADVANCE TO A TYPE 1 CIVILIZATION ON THE KARDASHEV SCALE?
WHAT IS THE KARDASHEV CIVILIZATION SCALE?
The Kardashev Civilization scale is a hypothetical scale by which civilizations advance technologically, measured by the methods and quantities of energy they are able to harvest. Currently, we fall somewhere between a Type 0 and Type 1 Civilization on the scale.
WHAT IS A TYPE 0 CIVILIZATION?
A Type 0 civilization is one that has yet to harness all of the energy output of its planet. This type of civilization is still in the process of utilizing unsustainable energy sources like fossil fuels.
WHAT IS A TYPE 1 CIVILIZATION?
A Type 1 Civilization on the Kardashev scale can harness and store all of the energy from its home planet. We haven’t quite achieved this level yet, but it is believed we will probably reach it soon. Many consider humans to be somewhere around .07 or .08 on the scale.
NIKOLAI KARDASHEV’S THEORY
We like to believe our society is technologically advanced, we’ve mastered our environment and we’re progressing forward exponentially. And while Moore’s Law is holding up with the rate at which computing power has advanced, we barely rank on the Kardashev scale.
And yes, this scale is hypothetical, but it is plausible if we are to consider how we might inevitably ascend to the next level. That’s why Nikolai Kardashev devised his eponymous scale, ranking civilizations primarily on the ways in which they harness energy. And from there it goes on to assume a number of other intriguing possibilities.
Kardashev is a Russian astrophysicist, who developed this thought experiment in 1964. And though we haven’t quite reached the first level on his scale, we are a relatively new civilization by his standards The amount of time required to reach his successive stages often requires millions and even billions of years. If a civilization can survive long enough to ascend one level without self-destructing, its chances dramatically improve in continuing to further levels.
We’re currently considered a sub-global civilization, technically Type 0, but on our way to Type one. We’re in the process of finding a large source of sustainable energy, though we still depend on crude, organic sources of fuel, including wood, coal and oil. We also use this type of fuel for chemical propulsion in our rockets, making space travel slow and difficult. We are confined to our home planet and struggle with ecological issues, such as natural disasters and climate change. But the good news is that physicists like Michio Kaku believe we’re on the precipice of advancing, potentially within the next century.
2. TYPE 1 STELLAR CIVILIZATION
A stellar civilization is a few thousand years more advanced than we are. This level of society would be able to harness all energy from its local star. This is where things start to get interesting and technology of this proportion becomes harder to fathom. A theoretical model that parallels Kardashev’s scale comes from Freeman Dyson, who conceived of the Dyson sphere. He formulated his theory in a paper titled, Search for Artificial Stellar Sources of Infrared Radiation, proposing a search for infrared radiation which could potentially be seen in civilizations harnessing the energy of their star with a Dyson Sphere.
Dyson theorized a progression of levels in which a civilization could start to extract energy from its star ranging from a swarm of satellites to an actual spherical structure hovering around the star that could be inhabited. This method of extracting energy from a star in a controlled manner is called star lifting.
Civilizations of this stature would essentially have reached the level of immortality because they would have the ability to move planets and other astronomical bodies within its solar system. Imagine if we had the ability to block an inbound asteroid by moving Mars into its path.
3. TYPE 2 GALACTIC CIVILIZATION
Civilizations of this magnitude look very much like those in Star Wars. These civilizations would have the ability to harness the energy of any star in its galaxy, translating to roughly 10 billion times the energy harnessed by a level 2 civilization. At this point, a civilization this advanced would be essentially immune to extinction, barring some sort of universal catastrophe.
The inhabitants of a civilization this far advanced would most likely be cyborgs or fully artificial. The capabilities of a society that could harness such copious amounts of energy would be astounding. This civilization could possibly even create their own stars, merge stars or capture energy from gamma rays and quasars.
Galactic civilizations would likely be reaching a point, if it hadn’t already, where black holes at the center of galaxies would be considered as a potential resource. After draining the energy of billions of stars, these civilizations acting almost like black holes themselves, would potentially tap into energy released by supermassive singularities.
This is where Kardashev’s scale ends. It’s hard enough to perceive of a civilization capable of harnessing the luminosity of an entire galaxy. However, some have continued the extent of his scale to conceive of grander civilizations that sci-fi has rarely, if ever, delved into.
4. TYPE 3 UNIVERSAL CIVILIZATION
Hence the name, these civilizations would span the entirety of a universe. While galactic civilizations seem farfetched, this level seems pretty abstract. The capabilities of this culture could be within the purview of manipulating space-time, or slowing entropy to immortalize themselves. These beings could likely harness dark energy and potentially live at the event horizon of a black hole.
5. TYPE 4 MULTIVERSE CIVILIZATION
If there are multiple universes, there may exist beings who have the ability to travel between them. These beings would have a comprehension of different levels of matter, physics and space-time than we could ever comprehend, unless of course we reach their hypothetical level in billions of years.
6. AND BEYOND…
Where does it end? Beings in further civilizations would have the ability to create multiple universes, a multiverse. Those who are not adamantly atheist might refer this as God, but beyond the original Kardashev scale all these civilizations are pretty godlike.
Some physicists currently rank us at about a 0.73 on the scale with the likelihood of advancement to level 1 occurring within 100-200 years. One of the biggest hurdles a civilization faces in order to progress on Kardashev’s scale is to create a Dyson Sphere or some equivalent. While a structure of this magnitude is hard to conceive, he imagined its precursor to consist of a web of satellites. With NASA sending a probe closer to the sun than ever before, we are inching closer to a day when a Dyson Sphere or some iteration might be feasible and we start our ascent to the next level on Kardashev’s scale.
Earth’s magnetic field is getting significantly weaker, the magnetic north pole is shifting at an accelerating pace, and scientists readily admit that a sudden pole shift could potentially cause “trillions of dollars” in damage. Today, most of us take the protection provided by Earth’s magnetic field completely for granted. It is essentially a colossal force field which surrounds our planet and makes life possible. And even with such protection, a giant solar storm could still potentially hit our planet and completely fry our power grid. But as our magnetic field continues to get weaker and weaker, even much smaller solar storms will have the potential to be cataclysmic. And once the magnetic field gets weak enough, we will be facing much bigger problems. As you will see below, if enough solar radiation starts reaching our planet none of us will survive.
Previously, scientists had told us that the magnetic field was weakening by about 5 percent every 100 years.
But now we are being told that data collected from the SWARM satellite indicate that the rate of decay is now 5 percent per decade…
It’s well established that in modern times, the axial dipole component of Earth’s main magnetic field is decreasing by approximately 5% per century. Recently, scientists using the SWARM satellite announced that their data indicate a decay rate ten times faster, or 5% per decade.
In case you didn’t quite get that, 5 percent per decade is 10 times faster than 5 percent per century.
If the rate of decay continues at this pace, or if it speeds up even more, we could be looking at a mass extinction event that is beyond what most people would dare to imagine.
However, if the magnetic field gets substantially weaker and stays that way for an appreciable amount of time Earth will be less protected from the oodles of high-energy particles that are constantly flying around in space. This means that everything on the planet will be exposed to higher levels of radiation, which over time could produce an increase in diseases like cancer, as well as harm delicate spacecraft and power grids on Earth.
Of course we are already seeing this. Cancer rates have been rising all over the world, and if you live in the United States there is a one in three chance that you will get cancer in your lifetime.
But as the magnetic field continues to weaken, things will get worse.
A lot worse.
The weaker the magnetic field gets, the amount of solar radiation that will reach us will rise, and eventually it would get so bad that the entire human race would be in jeopardy. The following comes from Futurism…
Radiation and cosmic rays are a real concern for NASA, especially when it comes to long-term spaceflight. Astronauts on a mission to Mars could undergo up to 1000 times the exposure to radiation and cosmic rays that they would get on Earth. If Earth’s magnetic field disappeared, the entire human race – and all of life, in fact – would be in serious danger. Cosmic rays would bombard our bodies and could even damage our DNA, increasing worldwide risk of cancer and other illnesses. The flashes of light visible when we close our eyes would be the least of our problems.
Without Earth’s magnetic field, solar winds — streams of electrically charged particles that flow from the sun — would strip away the planet’s atmosphere and oceans. As such, Earth’s magnetic field helped to make life on the planet possible, researchers have said.
So could such a scenario actually happen?
Well, some scientists are saying that our magnetic field “could be gone in as little as 500 years”, but they are telling us not to worry because Earth’s magnetic poles will “flip” and things will eventually return to normal…
The magnetic field surrounding Earth is weakening, and scientists say it could be gone in as little as 500 years.
The result? Earth’s magnetic poles could, literally, flip upside down.
Of course most scientists believe that a pole flip takes hundreds or thousands of years to happen, but they don’t actually know because they have never seen one take place.
They also believe that we would potentially be facing “trillions of dollars in damage”to our power grid and electrical infrastructure because the magnetic field would be so weak during a flip…
Storms far less powerful than these could cause much more damage if they happened to hit while Earth’s magnetic field was in the midst of a reversal, Roberts said. The result would likely be trillions of dollars in damage to our electrical infrastructure, and right now, there’s no plan for dealing with an event of that magnitude.
“Hopefully, such an event is a long way in the future and we can develop future technologies to avoid huge damage,” Roberts concluded. Keep your fingers (but not your magnetic-field lines) crossed.
Most of the experts also believe that a pole flip is still a long way off, but what everybody agrees on is that the magnetic north pole is moving toward Russia at an accelerating pace…
But what’s really catching attention is the acceleration in movement. Around the mid-1990s, the pole suddenly sped up its movements from just over 9 miles (15 kilometers) a year to 34 miles (55 kilometers) annually. As of last year, the pole careened over the international date line toward the Eastern Hemisphere.
The most recent version of the model came out in 2015 and was supposed to last until 2020 — but the magnetic field is changing so rapidly that researchers have to fix the model now. “The error is increasing all the time,” says Arnaud Chulliat, a geomagnetist at the University of Colorado Boulder and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA’s) National Centers for Environmental Information.
I know that I must sound like a broken record by now, but this is important. Our planet is becoming increasingly unstable, and we are seeing things happen that we have never seen before.
Everyone agrees that the Earth’s magnetic field is rapidly getting weaker, and that is making us more vulnerable with each passing day.
Most of the experts are trying to put a happy face on things and are assuring us that everything is going to be okay.
Hopefully they are right, but I wouldn’t count on it.
Crash and Burn: Israel’s Moon Shot Ends in Disaster.
Crash and Burn: Israel’s Moon Shot Ends in Disaster.
With the settler state more divided than ever, and tensions between the native Palestinians as high as ever, this event was meant to be Israel’s “unifying moment” that would bring all Israelis (but not its Arab residents) and globally Jewry together with a shared purpose for one glorious moment.
The attempted moon landing by the Israeli spacecraft Beresheet was broadcast live last night, on the side of the spacecraft read the slogan, “Small country, big dreams.”
However, the Jewish state’s lunar dream crashed and burned, in spectacular fashion, as one of the craft’s main engines blew up on its final descent, crashing into the Moon.
The explosion is said to have marked the end of Israel’s fledgling satellite industry, effectively denying the Jewish state a seat in the elite global club of countries who’ve executed successful lunar landings.
The timing of this grand process – culminating at the exact moment when the Israeli election results were announced – was perhaps too much a coincidence for even the most ardent non-skeptic. Somewhat poetically, Israel’s shallow 2019 election campaign ended as it deserved: A farce.
Noa Landau from Haaretz summed the irony up as follows:
“This is why the loss of communications with the spacecraft, just a moment before the anticipated landing, and just a moment before the announcement of the final election vote results, which at the very last moment went awry – exactly like the landing – felt like one big metaphor. Like the country that could have been, but we have missed out on. In the high-tech superpower filled with traffic jams and embarassing trains, where it’s impossible to receive a package in the mail, and votes can’t be correctly counted, everything is so close, but not quite.”
Beresheet’s engine stopped working around 10 kilometers from the surface, with the vehicle crashing into the Moon at a speed of over 130 meters per second.
It looks like the #beresheet lander (the first private lander trying to land on the moon) hit the surface going 134 m/s (wayyyyyy too fast) after its main engine cut out around 10 km in altitude
The blunder occurred on a live feed in the presence of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and his wife Sara, who arrived at the control center for the occasion.
Just received from SpaceIL communication team what appears to be the last image #Beresheet spacecraft managed to beam to earth before it crashed on the moons surface
However, the space explorers didn’t seem shaken by the setback as they all chanted a solemn song to show that getting so close to the goal was an achievement in itself.
Netanyahu has already promised that an Israeli spacecraft will be back to the Moon in the next two or three years.
Beresheet, which is Hebrew for the biblical phrase “in the beginning,” could have also become the first private spacecraft to land on the Moon. It was constructed by Israeli nonprofit space venture SpaceIL and state-owned defense contractor Israel Aerospace Industries. The $100 million needed for the ambitious project came from private investors.
Only Russia, the US, and China have so far managed to perform controlled “soft” landings on the lunar surface.
It’s time for the latest edition of “What Could Possibly Go Wrong?”, the game show that pits seemingly unethical science against potentially catastrophic predictions. In today’s competition, scientists in China (one point already for the catastrophic team) announce they used gene-editing to place human brain genes in rhesus macaque monkeys and it made their brains smarter. Cue the music from every “Planet of the Apes” movie and let the game begin!
“The presented data represents the first attempt to experimentally interrogate the genetic basis of human brain origin using a transgenic monkey model, and it values the use of nonhuman primates in understanding human unique traits.”
China Daily reports that researchers from the Beijing-based National Science Review, the Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the University of North Carolina (that’s in the U.S. – looks like it’s playing for the Seemingly Unethicals) edited human MCPH1 genes – a gene that is critical in fetal brain development because it controls brain size and rate of growth – and created 11 transgenic (a cloud word meaning “artificially carrying DNA from an unrelated organism”) monkeys. Eight of those monkeys were first-generation and three were second-generation, obliterating the ‘artificial’ part of ‘transgenic’ by getting their human genes from their monkey parents.
“According to the research article, brain imaging and tissue section analysis showed an altered pattern of neuron differentiation and a delayed maturation of the neural system, which is similar to the developmental delay (neoteny) in humans.”
In other words, the monkeys showed the human trait of slow brain development (neoteny) rather than the rapid growth of normal monkey brains. What was the benefit of this slow growth?
“The study also found that the transgenic monkeys exhibited better short-term memory and shorter reaction time compared to wild rhesus monkeys in the control group.”
To put it bluntly — even the monkeys could understand the results because the human genes made them smarter!
Ding-ding-ding! That bell means it’s time to play the lightning “What could possibly go wrong?” round.
Time-out called by the Potentially Catastrophics. In a shocking and somewhat honorable display of conscience, Martin Styner, a University of North Carolina computer scientist and coauthor of the Chinese report, told the MIT Technology Review that his role was merely to train Chinese student on how to extract brain volume data from MRI images and, after learning the true purpose, considered removing his name from the paper, which he claims could not find a publisher in the West. Styner then throws his “What could possibly go wrong?” pitch:
“I don’t think that is a good direction. Now we have created this animal which is different than it is supposed to be. When we do experiments, we have to have a good understanding of what we are trying to learn, to help society, and that is not the case here.”
Is this going to be a sequel to Planet of the Apes or Flowers for Algernon?
Unfortunately, that pitch didn’t strike out Bing Su, the geneticist at the Kunming Institute of Zoology who led the research. He told the MIT Technology Review he is planning to create more smart monkeys and is planning to test another gene — SRGAP2C – which has been called the “humanity switch” and the “missing genetic link” because it appeared about two million years ago when Australopithecus (the Southern Ape) was being replaced by the smarter Homo habilis.
Putting the “humanity switch” in a monkey? What could possibly go wrong? This game isn’t over … it’s barely starting. Is this progress … or an unethical march down the field to unforeseen consequences?
If we’ve learned anything from “Planet of the Apes,” it’s that if this game goes into overtime, it won’t be a sudden death.
In the summer of 1997, one of the most controversial UFO-themed books ever written was published. Its title wasThe Day After Roswell. It was written by William Birnes (the editor of the now-defunct UFO Magazine and of History Channel’s also defunct UFO Hunters) and Philip Corso (the subject of the book). Specifically, he was Lieutenant Colonel. Philip J. Corso. U.S. Army. Corso’s story was both amazing and groundbreaking. But, was it true? That, quite possibly, was the biggest and most important question of all. While some in the field of Ufology firmly embraced the story, many certainly did not, preferring instead to view the book as either government disinformation – intended to confuse the truth of what really happened at Roswell, New Mexico back in the summer of 1947 – or nothing more than an elaborate and ingenious hoax designed to make money from the gullible and the “I want to believe” crowd.
According to Corso, in near-singlehanded fashion he spearheaded a top secret program designed to seed alleged alien technology and wreckage – recovered from the Foster Ranch, Lincoln County, New Mexico by the U.S. Army Air Force’s 509th Bomb Wing in July 1947 – into the private sector. As a result of this wholly clandestine operation, so Corso maintained, the United States was soon able to understand, and even back-engineer, at least some of the extraterrestrial materials found on the ranch. Fiber-optics, transistors, night-vision equipment, and computer chips, were all, allegedly, a direct outgrowth of the extensive studies of the Roswell materials. But, it’s not so much the technology reportedly found at Roswell that I’m focusing my attentions on. Rather, it’s the bodies of the beings allegedly found strewn around the crash site.
Contrary to what the UFommunity said or assumed at the time and since, Corso never explicitly stated that the Roswell corpses were extraterrestrial. In fact, what he really said was quite the opposite. In Corso’s story the so-called “Grey aliens” are actually created, built, or grown to perform specific tasks. As for the creators of the Greys, it was they, Corso repeatedly maintained, who were the real aliens. Corso also said that, as far as he was personally aware, no one has ever seen the real aliens, only ever their black-eyed, large-headed worker-drones that are so well known in the field of Ufology. As for Corso himself, he stated: “…perhaps we should consider the EBEs [Extraterrestrial Biological Entities] as described in the medical autopsy reports humanoid robots rather than lifeforms, specifically engineered for long distance travel through space or time.”
Corso expanded on this, outlining the profoundly weird nature of the Greys: “While doctors couldn’t figure out how the entities’ essential body chemistry worked, they determined that they contained no new basic elements. However, the reports that I had suggested new combinations of organic compounds that required much more evaluation before doctors could form any opinions. Of specific interest was the fluid that served as blood but also seemed to regulate bodily functions in much the same way glandular secretions do for the human body. In these biological entities, the blood system and lymphatic systems seem to have been combined. And if an exchange of nutrients and waste occurred within their systems, that exchange could have only taken place through the creature’s skin or the outer protective covering they wore because there were no digestive or waste systems.”
Today, more than two decades after The Day After Roswellsurfaced, the undeniably strange story of Colonel Corsocontinues to divide the UFO research field. It probably always will. Me? I’m sticking to the scenario laid out in my 2017 book, The Roswell UFO Conspiracy.
Studies of a solar flarerevealed something unexpected about the sun: its magnetic field is even stronger than scientists predicted.
Measuring that magnetic field within loops of material bursting out of the sun has been a tricky feat because of the interference of Earth's atmosphere. But a team led by David Kuridze, a solar physicist at Aberystwyth University in the United Kingdom, got lucky when they caught sight ofa super-strong flare that the sun belched on Sept. 10, 2017.
The researchers spotted the flare using the Swedish 1-meter Solar Telescope at Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on La Palma in the Canary Islands. The solar telescope is a particularly powerful solar telescope, but its aperture (viewing area) allows researchers to examine only 1 percent of the sun at a time. Fortunately, the team was looking at exactly the right spot when a solar flare erupted.
This good luck allowed them to measure the flare's magnetic field strength high in the sun's corona, or atmosphere.
The sun is well-known for its magnetic activity, including periodic flares that rise from the surface when magnetic lines twist and "snap." Flares are associated with coronal mass ejections, which send streams of charged particles into space. If these particles are aimed toward Earth, they can disrupt satellites or cause colorful auroral displays.
The new finding could help scientists better understand what is happening in the corona, the superheated part of the sun's upper atmosphere that is visible to humans only during a total solar eclipse. The corona is being studied by a NASA spacecraft called the Parker Solar Probe, which is zooming closer to the sun than any other spacecraft before it.
"Everything that happens in the sun's outer atmosphere is dominated by the magnetic field, but we have very few measurements of its strength and spatial characteristics," Kuridze said in a statement. "These are critical parameters, the most important for the physics of the solar corona. It is a little like trying to understand the Earth's climate without being able to measure its temperature at various geographical locations."
The research is described in a paper that has been accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal and that was posted to the preprint server arXiv.org in February.
CONNECTICUT — There must be something in the air in Newington as three of the 17 reported UFO sightings in 2019 have occurred there. UFOs were spotted in Newington on March 11, 17, and 19. As of right now, Newington is the only town in Connecticut that has had multiple reported sightings thus far.
Since Jan. 1, 2019 there have been 17 reported sightings: Greenwich on Jan. 6, Southington on Jan. 9, Storrs on Jan. 12, Stamford on Jan. 27, Waterbury on Jan. 28, Madison on Feb. 6, East Hartford on Feb. 22, North Branford, on Feb. 24, Killingworth on March 3, Newington on March 11, 17, and 19. Other sightings include: Rocky Hill on March 22, Windsor on March 23, and Hamden on March 27.
There were a total of 93 reported UFO sightings in Connecticut in 2018, according to the National UFO Reporting Center. And there were 70 reported UFO sightings in 2017.
Here are some of the reported accounts as recorded by the National UFO Reporting Center:
"Several blinking red, white, blue, and green objects in sky moving to one spot.I woke up a little after midnight. I looked out the bathroom window and a red and white blinking object was in the sky. t stayed in one spot for about 3 minutes and proceeded to move faster and blink red. It went towards the backyard.
"I looked out the back window and saw one white, another white, and red flashing lights light up the sky in a line. Looking around the sky, several more triangle shaped objects all oddly moved DOWN towards this line of flashing lights. Two were disc shaped and were fastly blinking red, white, blue, and even green. My mom and I also heard a powerful unordinary sound. Once ALL these objects made it to this line of flashing lights, we saw continued blinking but the objects seemed to vanish," reported in Hamden.
"2 bright greenish flashes illuminated the entire area greenish light. Second flash was very alarming and unnatural giving all three of us in vehicle a panicked bracing for impact feeling. No sounds at all heard. Silent," reported in Killingworth.
"Bright green slow flashes (2) one after another lasting 2-3 secs. through solid cloud deck. No aircraft heard in vicinity.Walking while looking directly north (clouds deck overhead no visibility of stars) first one slow 2 to 3 sec flash GREEN like maybe a meteor, but extremely bright to be able to see thru clouds, followed by a second slow 2-3 sec flash of equal brightness.
"Best guess 2 green meteors coming down. Both were lighting the sky from horizon up to 60' above north horizon and from northwest to northeast expansion. No sound or blast wave followed. But they did look close to be so bright through a solid cloud deck. I was standing just 50 yards north of highway 80 and totoket road intersection walking north in RV park. I am a pilot and amatuer astronomer and well versed in sky phenomenon.
"I only saw the flashes which were green and lit up the cloud deck above me as described above. No other visible indications. I waited but nothing followed. I can say by the color of flash etc... it was not a ground vehicle lights or any ground based lights causing this. Nothing to north but trees and countryside," reported in North Branford.
"On 91 ramp in (Windsor Locks) saw a flat disk with two bright lights hovering.I was on an on ramp to get onto 91 south in the Windsor Locks area and I saw a flat dark disk with two bright lights on it. I initially thought it was an airplane however when I pulled my car over to take a longer look it had disappeared. There were no trees or faulty sight lines blocking it--it was too high up in the air. It disappeared in less than ten seconds," reported in Windsor.
The NUFORC has existed since 1974 and investigates reported sightings around the world. There have been more than 90,000 reports made globally.
Check out all the Connecticut sightings dating back several decades as reported to the UFORC here.
Israel's first moon lander came up just short in its historic touchdown bid this afternoon (April 11).
The robotic Beresheet spacecraft, built by SpaceIL and Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI), aimed to become the first Israeli craft, and the first privately funded mission, ever to land softly on the moon. But the little robot couldn't quite make it, crashing into the gray dirt around 3:25 p.m. EDT (1925 GMT). Mission control lost communications with the spacecraft when it was about 489 feet (149 meters) above the moon's surface.
"We had a failure in the spacecraft; we unfortunately have not managed to land successfully," Opher Doron, the general manager of IAI, said during a live broadcast from mission control. "It's a tremendous achievement up 'til now."
"If at first you don't succeed, you try again," said Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who watched Beresheet's landing attempt from SpaceIL's control center in Yehud, Israel.
So the list of moon-landing nations remains at three, all of them superpowers — the Soviet Union, the United States and China.
But Beresheet accomplished plenty during its short life, as we shall see.
Beresheet's story begins in 2011, when the nonprofit organization SpaceIL formed to compete in the Google Lunar X Prize. The GLXP offered $20 million to the first privately funded team to put a robot down softly on the moon, move it at least 1,650 feet (500 meters) on the lunar surface and have it send high-resolution imagery home to Earth.
The runner-up would pocket $5 million. An additional $5 million was available for various special accomplishments, bringing the contest's total purse to $30 million.
The competition ended last year without a winner, but SpaceIL and IAI, the country's biggest aerospace and defense company, continued working on the 5-foot-tall (1.5 meters) Beresheet. (Some other former GLXP teams, such as Florida-based Moon Express, have kept going as well.)
Last month, the X Prize Foundation announced that SpaceIL could win a special $1 million Moonshot Award if Beresheet successfully landed on the lunar surface. Just minutes after the moon crash, X Prize founder and Executive Chairman Peter Diamandis and CEO Anousheh Ansari said SpaceIL and IAI will receive the award despite failing to land.
"I think they managed to touch the surface of the moon, and that's what we were looking for for our Moonshot Award," Ansari said.
"And also, besides touching the surface of the moon, they touched the lives and the hearts of an entire nation, an entire world, schoolkids around the world," Diamandis said.
Peter Diamandis✔@PeterDiamandis
XPRIZE to award $1 Million Moonshot Award to SpaceIL team for them to continue their work and pursue Beresheet 2.0. Space is hard!!! @xprize @TeamSpaceIL
The lander launched on the night of Feb. 21, soaring into Earth orbit atop a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. Beresheet continued looping around our planet for the next six weeks, performing engine burns now and again to push its elliptical orbit closer and closer to the moon.
Beresheet ended up covering about 4 million miles (6.5 million kilometers) during this phase of the mission, team members said. No other spacecraft has taken such a long road to the moon.
Beresheet's slow-and-steady strategy paid off on April 4, when the moon's gravity captured the lander. Beresheet then lowered its lunar orbit via a series of burns, the last of which occurred yesterday (April 10). That 32-second maneuver shifted the spacecraft into a highly elliptical orbit with a closest lunar approach of just 9 to 10 miles (15 to 17 kilometers) and a most-distant point 125 miles (200 km) from the gray dirt, mission team members said.
Surface plans
Today's landing was scheduled to occur autonomously, on a patch of the lunar near side known as Mare Serenitatis ("Sea of Serenity"). (All lunar surface craft to date have explored the near side, with one exception: China's Chang'e 4 mission touched down on the far side this past December.)
Beresheet was designed to make some measurements of the local gravity field around its landing site during its two or three Earth days of work on the moon. The craft also toted a small laser retroreflector array built by NASA, a technology demonstration that could increase the precision of future touchdowns on the moon and other celestial bodies. But Beresheet was not a science mission at heart.
The main goals, SpaceIL and IAI representatives have said, involved advancing Israel's space program, increasing the nation's technological knowhow and getting young people more interested in science, technology, engineering and math.
And the lander has certainly done all of that. It managed to make it to lunar orbit, after all, send back a photograph from near the moon's surface, and almost nail the landing. And Beresheet did all of this for a total mission cost of just $100 million, including launch.
In addition, project team members have met with more than 1 million Israeli schoolkids over the past eight years, taking the space-exploration message to the young masses. Some of those children will eventually become scientists — and perhaps help design, build or operate spacecraft themselves someday.
"Well, we didn't make it but we definitely tried," Morris Kahn, an entrepreneur who helped found the Beresheet mission, said shortly after the spacecraft's failed landing attempt. "I think we can be proud."
Space.com senior writer Meghan Bartels contributed to this report.
The orange speckles in a new image from NASA'sChandra X-ray Observatoryadd another dimension tothe first-ever image of a black hole. This supplemental picture offers a zoomed-out perspective of the same tremendously dense structure of the now-viral image, helping scientists learn more about what's happening in the black hole's neighborhood.
The supermassive black hole starring in both pictures is located in the elliptical galaxy Messier 87. It's a behemoth; this black hole boasts a mass several billion times greater than that of Earth's sun.
To offer a little more perspective about this structure and the powerful effect it has on the matter around it, scientists collaborating with the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) captured a different view of this same target. They did so in tandem with EHT observations made in April 2017, according to a statementpublished the same day as the black hole picture.
NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory spent 30,000 seconds watching the supermassive black hole at the center of Messier 87 during the April 2017 observing run by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). These X-ray data, in combination with the new radio image from the EHT released April 10, will help scientists learn more about high-energy emission as well as the physics of accretion and ejection at the black hole's event horizon.
To capture the incredible image of a supermassive black hole's shadow, the EHT project gathered data from a global array of radio antennas. On Wednesday (April 10), the incredible feat of finally imaging this enigmatic structure astonished scientists and the public alike.
But another instrument in space, Chandra, has been gazing at the black hole's home galaxy over the last two decades, collecting data in a different wavelength: X-rays. Astronomers had Chandra stare at Messier 87 (M87) for about 30,000 seconds, or roughly 8.3 hours, as the EHT dish network took its observations from the ground.
The four ultrasensitive mirrors that Chandra carries in its orbit around Earth observed the X-ray radiation of multimillion-degree gas shrouding M87.
The National Science Foundation funded the Event Horizon Telescope project, which successfully captured this picture, the first-ever image of a black hole using radio waves.
These X-rays came from the high-energy particles the black hole was flinging into space. The material resulted in a jet shape which extends over 1,000 light years from the center of M87, Chandra representatives said in the statement. Viewers can observe the jet more clearly in the enlarged image inset.
Black holes are superdense structures with tremendous gravitational pull, and past a black hole's threshold, the event horizon, even light cannot escape.
Every galaxy is thought to host a supermassive black hole, like this one within M87, at its center.
Scientists used NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory to obtain data about the supermassive black hole at the center of Messier 87, an elliptical galaxy located 60 million light-years away from Earth, in the Virgo galaxy cluster.
Here are some glorious photos of rare lenticular clouds, sometimes called UFO clouds, plus a word about how they form.
Beautiful shot of lenticular cloud at sunset by Chris Walker in Dayton, Nevada.
Enjoy these photos of beautiful lenticular clouds taken in places around the world, and shared with us by our community atEarthSky Facebook and EarthSky Community Photos.
These lens-shaped clouds typically form where stable moist air flows over a mountain or a range of mountains. When this happens, a series of large-scale standing waves may form on the mountain’s downwind side. If the temperature at the crest of the wave drops to the dew point, moisture in the air may condense to form lenticular clouds. As the moist air moves back down into the trough of the wave, the cloud may evaporate back into vapor. So lenticular clouds can appear and disappear relatively quickly. Plus they’re not familiar to people who live in low-lying or flat terrain. And, just to confound things, lenticular clouds have also been known to form in non-mountainous places, as the result of shear winds created by a front. For all of these reasons, lenticular clouds are often mistaken for UFOs (or “visual cover” for UFOs). Enjoy the photos! Thank you to all who posted.
Alba Evangelista Ramos, a Brazilian biologist, captured these rare images of a lenticular cloud from a moving vehicle, near the Haute-Provence Observatory, situated in southeastern France. In this particular case, the “UFO cloud” seems to have been produced by the cold mistral wind that strongly blows over southern France, as it was pushed up the 2,132-foot-high (650-meter-high) plateau of the observatory.
Jan Whiteman captured this photo at Lord Howe Island, a volcanic remnant in the Tasman Sea between Australia and New Zealand.
Shared with EarthSky by Jay Lundstrom, who caught this lenticular cloud near Mount Katahdin, the highest mountain in Maine.
Sarah Fischer wrote, “I came out of my apartment building, and these were right above my head.”
Lenticular cloud over Roque del Conde, on the island of Tenerife, via Roberto Porto.
“Lenticular cloud outside my window in Dublin, Ireland, this morning. I was surprised to see this as we don’t get them too often here,” said Anthony Lynch Photography.
View larger. | Lenticular cloud over Iceland by Anne Greschuk.
View larger. | Lenticular clouds over Sangre de Cristo mountains, New Mexico, by EarthSky Facebookfriend Geraint Smith.
Angela Mosley caught this lenticular cloud from Denver, Colorado.
Lenticular clouds by Richard T. Hasbrouck in Truchas, New Mexico.
David Marshall captured this lenticular cloud above the Alps in northern Italy.
John Lloyd Griffith in north Wales captured this lenticular cloud.
This photo comes from Michel Studinger of Operation IceBridge. It’s a lenticular cloud over Antarctica.
Radek Zek Photography caught this lenticular cloud.
Emilio Lepeley captured this lenticular cloud over Vicuña, Chile.
Jackie Phillips caught this lenticular cloud over Virginia.
Bottom line: Photos of lenticular clouds in various parts of the world, from the EarthSky community. Click here to submit your photo.
Découvrez l’histoire des momies de Nazca, également appelées les reliques du Pérou, ou encore, les momies tridactyles. Quand les Houaqueros, des pilleurs de tombe d’Amérique latine dévoilent une partie de leur découverte et transmettent à un français, Thierry Jamin, ce qui pourrait être la plus impressionnante découverte de notre Histoire, nous nous retrouvons face à une nouvelle facette de notre passé et de nos origines. Mais quand les analyses ADN de ces restes biologiques parlent, les questions se réveillent…
19/11/18 Momies de Nazca : Résultats Alien Project 2018 - NURÉA TV / GREPP
Momies de Nasca : Résultats Alien Project 2018
Lundi 19 novembre 2018 à 15h00 (09h00 heure péruvienne)
Sous l’égide du congressiste Armando Villanueva, auteur du projet de loi sur les momies de Nasca, présentation officielle des résultats d’analyses au congrès de la République du Pérou (métaux , histologie, datation C14, analyses ADN, scanners HD)
Voilà déjà un long moment que nous suivons de très près le dossier des corps « exotiques » découvertes en 2016 par des Waquerros dans le désert de Nasca au Pérou (dossier ensuite pris en charge sur place par les équipes d’Inkari Cusco et Alien Project) et que nous partageons sur notre antenne les avancées sur les analyses et les interprétations qui peuvent être faites sur ces corps. Après des mois de travail et de nombreuses analyses effectuées par des laboratoires indépendants (C14, ADN, métaux, scanners, tomographies, histologie) l’équipe Alien Project a décidé de présenter officiellement les résultats obtenus lors d’une réunion programmée le 19 novembre à Lima en présence de membres du Congrès péruvien.
A cette occasion, nous avons décidé de dépêcher sur place plusieurs membres des équipes de Nuréa TV et du GREPP afin de vous faire vivre cet évènement au plus près et de vous informer au mieux des éléments nouveaux qui s’ajoutent au dossier « Momies de Nasca ». Notre objectif : récolter un maximum d'infos sur le dossier, essayer de séparer le vrai du faux, l'interprétation du factuel et ainsi donner à chacun la possibilité de se faire un avis sur ces découvertes.
Vous pourrez suivre ici cette réunion en direct du congrès péruvien à Lima et traduite simultanément en français.
Merci d’avance pour vos partages et invitations.
Nora & Guillaume
Retrouvez toutes les émissions NURÉA TV sur notre site officiel https://www.nurea.tv
Nos émissions sont en accès libre et gratuit. NURÉA TV fonctionne grâce à vos dons.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
This is the last image Israel’s lunar lander took before it crashed into the moon
This is the last image Israel’s lunar lander took before it crashed into the moon
Israel-based organization SpaceIL lost control of lunar lander Beresheet during the landing attempt on Thursday evening.
What happened:
During the lander’s descent onto the moon, the main engine failed and shut down. Once it got back online, communications with Beresheet were gone, indicating a likely crash landing. “Israel made it to the moon. Beresheet’s journey hasn’t ended,” said the chairman of SpaceIL, Morris Kahn. “I expect Israel’s next generation to complete the mission for us.” The above photo is one of the last shots the craft sent back of the lunar surface.
The community response:
SpaceIL was originally formed to take part in the Google Lunar X Prize competition, which ended with no winner. But the competition’s organizer, the X Prize Foundation, has said it will still award the $1 million “Moonshot Award” to the team despite the failed landing. A number of prominent members of the space community took to Twitter to offer both condolences and congratulations. Apollo astronaut Buzz Aldrin tweeted: “Never lose hope—your hard work, teamwork, and innovation is inspiring to all!”
A major accomplishment:
The mission still achieved a number of milestones, despite not sticking the landing. As the head of Israel Aerospace Industry’s space division, Opher Doron, said during a live stream, Israel is now the seventh country to orbit the moon and the fourth to reach the surface. SpaceIL is also the first former Lunar X Prize team (see “Why getting back to the moon is so damn hard”) and private organization to send a craft into lunar orbit.
On Wednesday (April 10), the international Event Horizon Telescope project have release the first resultsfrom its plan to image black holes. But what exactly is an event horizon?
The event horizon of a black hole is linked to the object's escape velocity — the speed that one would need to exceed to escape the black hole's gravitational pull. The closer someone came to a black hole, the greater the speed they would need to escape that massive gravity. The event horizon is the threshold around the black hole where the escape velocity surpasses the speed of light.
According to Einstein's theory of special relativity, nothing can travel faster through space than the speed of light. This means a black hole's event horizon is essentially the point from which nothing can return. The name refers to the impossibility of witnessing any event taking place inside that border, the horizon beyond which one cannot see.
"The event horizon is the ultimate prison wall — one can get in but never get out," Avi Loeb, chair of astronomy at Harvard University, told Space.com.
When an item gets near an event horizon, a witness would see the item's image redden and dim as gravity distorted light coming from that item. At the event horizon, this image would effectively fade to invisibility.
Within the event horizon, one would find the black hole's singularity, where previous research suggests all of the object's mass has collapsed to an infinitely dense extent. This means the fabric of space and time around the singularity has also curved to an infinite degree, so the laws of physics as we currently know them break down.
"The event horizon protects us from the unknown physics near a singularity," Loeb said.
The size of an event horizon depends on the black hole's mass. If Earth were compressed until it became a black hole, it would have a diameter of about 0.69 inches (17.4 millimeters), a little smaller than a dime; if the sun were converted to a black hole, it would be about 3.62 miles (5.84 kilometers) wide, about the size of a village or town. The supermassive black holes that the Event Horizon Telescope is observing are far larger; Sagittarius A*, at the center of the Milky Way, is about 4.3 million times the mass of our sun and has a diameter of about 7.9 million miles (12.7 million km), while M87 at the heart of the Virgo A galaxy is about 6 billion solar masses and 11 billion miles (17.7 billion km) wide.
The strength of a black hole's gravitational pull depends on the distance from it — the closer you are, the more powerful the tug. But the effects of this gravity on a visitor would differ depending on the black hole's mass. If you fell toward a relatively small black hole a few times the mass of the sun, for example, you would get pulled apart and stretched out in a process known as spaghettification, dying well before you reached the event horizon.
However, if you were to fall toward a supermassive black hole millions to billions of times the mass of the sun, you wouldn't "feel such forces to a significant degree," Loeb said. You would not die of spaghettification before you crossed the event horizon (although numerous other hazards around such a black hole might kill you before you reached that point).
Black holes likely spin because the stars they generally originate from also spun and because the matter they swallow whirled in spirals before it fell in. Recent findings suggest that black holes can rotate at speeds greater than 90 percent that of light, Loeb said.
Previously, the most basic model of black holes assumed they did not spin, and so their singularities were assumed to be points. But because black holes generally rotate, current models suggest their singularities are infinitely thin rings. This leads the event horizons of rotating black holes, also known as Kerr black holes, to appear oblong — squashed at the poles and bulging at their equators.
A rotating black hole's event horizon separates into an outer horizon and an inner horizon. The outer event horizon of such an object acts like a point of no return, just like the event horizon of a nonrotating black hole. The inner event horizon of a rotating black hole, also known as the Cauchy horizon, is stranger. Past that threshold, cause no longer necessarily precedes effect, the past no longer necessarily determines the future, and time travel may be possible. (In a nonrotating black hole, also known as a Schwarzschild black hole, the inner and outer horizons coincide.)
A spinning black hole also forces the fabric of space-time around it to rotate with it, a phenomenon known as frame dragging or the Lense-Thirring effect. Frame dragging is also seen around other massive bodies, including Earth.
Frame dragging creates a cosmic whirlpool known as the ergosphere, which occurs outside a rotating black hole's outer event horizon. Any object within the ergosphere is forced to move in the same direction in which the black hole is spinning. Matter falling into the ergosphere can get enough speed to escape the black hole's gravitational pull, taking some of the black hole's energy with it. In this manner, black holes can have powerful effects on their surroundings.
Rotation can also make black holes more effective at converting any matter that falls into them into energy. A nonrotating black hole would convert about 5.7 percent of an infalling object's mass into energy, following Einstein's famous equation E = mc^2. In contrast, a rotating black hole could convert up to 42 percent of an object's mass into energy, scientists have determined
"This has important implications for the environments around black holes," Loeb said. "The amount of energy from the supermassive black holes at the centers of virtually all large galaxies can significantly influence the evolution of those galaxies."
Recent work has greatly upset the conventional view of black holes. In 2012, physicists suggested that anything falling toward a black hole might encounter "firewalls" at or in the vicinity of the event horizon that would incinerate any matter falling in. This is because when particles collide, they can become invisibly connected through a link called entanglement, and black holes could break such links, releasing incredible amounts of energy.
However, other research seeking to unite general relativity, which can explain the nature of gravity, with quantum mechanics, which can describe the behavior of all known particles, suggests that firewalls may not exist — because event horizons themselves may not exist. Some physicists suggest that instead of abysses from which nothing can return, what we currently think of as black holes may actually be a range of black-hole-like objects that lack event horizons, such as so-called fuzzballs, Loeb said.
By imaging the edges of black holes, the Event Horizon Telescope can help scientists analyze the shapes and behaviors of event horizons.
"We can use these images to constrain any theory on the structure of black holes," Loeb said. "Indeed, the fuzzball speculation — where the event horizon is not a sharp boundary, but is rather fuzzy — could be tested with images from the Event Horizon Telescope."
Dr. Steven Greer, a leading figure in the UFO disclosure movement, has just proposed an audacious idea concerning official disclosure of extraterrestrial life. In his expert opinion, acquired over more than 25 years of disclosure advocacy, continued secrecy is better than disclosing the truth about visiting aliens if they are depicted in any other way than peaceful nonviolent beings attempting to advance the evolution of human life on Earth.
In the February 5 installment of Gaia TV’s Disclosure series, Greer was interviewed on the topic of the “Architecture of Secrecy” and explained his view about how official disclosure should be handled. He asserted his controversial idea that continued secrecy is better than any disclosure scenario that depicts extraterrestrials as in any way constituting a threat:
My biggest concern is that there’s a hijacking of disclosure around a narrative of a threat, of an us versus them scenario. That is the sort of thing that can lead to the worst possible outcome. I wrote a paper called “When Disclosure Serves Secrecy”. Disclosure that would serve the secret agenda is not something that we need. I’d rather have the secrecy continue, frankly. But a disclosure that would be truthful and would be forward looking, and that would have an interplanetary peace initiative, and communication and contact initiative, and that would have the release of these technologies for peaceful energy generation, transportation and what have you, that would transform the planet very quickly (Video: 9:45)
Greer explicitly referred to Luiz Elizondo and Dr. Hal Puthoff, who are senior figures in Tom DeLonge’s To The Stars Academy, as a major part of the threat scenario that is being currently put out into the public arena through the major news media. On that score, I would agree with Greer that the “Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program” (AATIP) which was created within the Defense Intelligence Agency in 2007, and headed by Elizondo up to 2017, was unnecessarily framing the UFO issue in terms of it being a threat to national security.
If Greer only limited himself to critiquing depictions of UFOs and all extraterrestrial visitors as a threat, which AATIP appeared to be doing, he would be on solid ground. However, Greer in the Disclosure interview, as well as in past public statements, made it clear that he is against researcher that depict any extraterrestrials, even if only a small percentage, as a threat in any way.
On May 2, 2006, Greer launched an extraordinary public attack on my exopolitics research for having committed the egregious sin of proposing that extraterrestrials could in any way behave similarly to humans in terms of a wide range of motivations. My research dividing extraterrestrials into different motivational categories, e.g., the good, the bad and the indifferent, was lambasted by Greer as fueled by disinformation.
Greer is no doubt correct that elements of the Military Industrial Complex are exaggerating the threat narrative when it comes to UFOs and extraterrestrial visitation, which AATIP appeared to be currently doing and which I acknowledged back in my 2006 response to Greer. In it, however, I also pointed out that Greer’s bold assertion that there is no evidence of hostile extraterrestrial behavior, can be easily shown to be wrong by examining multiple sources revealing the egregious behavior of some extraterrestrial visitors.
On July 26, 2010, Greer was confronted by Project Camelot founders, Kerry Cassidy and Bill Ryan, over the same issue, and they presented their own evidentiary sources that some extraterrestrial visitors were behaving unethically and maliciously.
In 2018, Greer attacked two of the insider sources I have cited extensively in my secret space program book series, Corey Goode and William Tompkins, as putting out disinformation about aggressive extraterrestrials, Draconian Reptilians, who are described as a prominent part of the planetary control system. In this case, he speculated that both Goode and Tompkins were implanted with false memories and were unwittingly spreading disinformation.
Again, I responded to Greer by pointing out the abundant evidence refuting his audacious assertion that no extraterrestrials behave in ways that are unethical or malicious. Indeed, I showed how his dismissal of Tompkins claims, in particular, ignored the impressive documentation substantiating his information.
With that brief background on Greer’s past public statements on the issue of some, not all, extraterrestrials being unethical and malicious, the context has been set for better understanding the implications of what Greer had to say next in the February 5 interview.
Greer repeated his assertion that continued secrecy is preferable to any official disclosure announcement describing aliens as a threat, even if only partially or a subset of the entire alien visitation scenario:
The disclosure of this subject is the most important announcement in the history of the human race. How it’s handled, it has to be handled with great wisdom and great care. If it is handled with the kind of buffoonery and clumsiness that is evolving, or with partial truths, mixed in with disinformation, with frightening scenarios that scare the hell out of the public, I actually prefer the secrecy. (17:34)
What makes Greer’s views significant is that he claims to be in touch with members of the oversight group of up to 200 members commonly referred to as the MAJIC committee. Greer asserts that he is providing them with an expert civilian perspective on disclosure, where, incredibly, he appears to be advocating continued secrecy if an official disclosure statement is not framed in the way he prescribes.
In short, what is widely regarded as “full disclosure”, where all the facts and evidence of visiting extraterrestrials – good and bad – along with the truth about secret space programs is publicly revealed in an official announcement, is not supported by Greer. On the contrary, he only supports a “limited disclosure” statement where all references to unethical or malicious aliens is sanitized.
It’s hard to envisage that a leading figure in the disclosure advocacy movement could support continued secrecy on any grounds, let alone the dubious grounds Greer asserts, which I and others have shown ignores a large body of evidence. As to why Greer is taking such an extreme position, there are a number of explanations that come to mind. One is that he is personally invested in a secret Vatican initiative to establish a “New Cosmic Esoteric World Religion” through a “false flag alien savior event” as described elsewhere. Another is that Greer has been co-opted or compromised by the MAJIC Committee in charge of extraterrestrial related projects and is sabotaging the disclosure movement by imposing unreasonable demands for a future official disclosure announcement.
Greer’s position that continued secrecy is better than an official disclosure announcement which contains reference to any extraterrestrial visitors as a threat, is a position that he will find increasingly difficult to defend given the public’s growing awareness of all the available evidence of visiting aliens, and the diverse motivations behind their activities. Full disclosure is already well underway through multiple public initiatives disclosing all aspects of visiting extraterrestrial life and secret space programs, and any effort to filter or curtail such information in ways favored by Greer, are certain to fail.
In this new image from ESA’s ExoMars orbiter, you can see the winding, crisscrossing tracks of hundreds of dust devils on Mars’ surface.
View larger. | The CaSSIS camera onboard the ESA’s ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter captured this image of Mars’ surface on January 4, 2019. It shows a region northeast of Copernicus Crater, in the Cimmeria region of Mars. The blue/gray streaks are the dust devil tracks.
Mars may have a reputation for being a desolate world, but it is certainly not dead: its albeit thin atmosphere is still capable of whipping up a storm and, as this image reveals, sending hundreds – maybe even thousands – of ‘dust devils’ scurrying across the surface.
These swirling columns of wind scour away the top layer of surface material and transport it elsewhere. Their course is plotted by the streaks they leave behind – the newly exposed surface material, which is colored in blue/grey in this recent image from the CaSSIS camera onboard the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter.
Dust devils on Mars form in the same way as those on Earth: when the ground gets hotter than the air above it, rising plumes of hot air move through cooler denser air, creating an updraft, with the cooler air sinking and setting up a vertical circulation. If a horizontal gust of wind blows through, the dust devil is triggered. Once whirling fast enough, the spinning funnels can pick up dust and push it around the surface.
As seen in this image, not much can stand in the way of a dust devil: they sweep up the sides of mounds, and down across the floors of impact craters alike.
In February, the popular podcast The Joe Rogan Experience referred to an idea made famous by some books and TV shows: that an image of the Mayan King K’inich Janaab’ Pakal, carved onto the lid of his sarcophagus when he died in 683 C.E., shows him taking off in a spaceship. Host Rogan was skeptical of the notion, which has been used to argue that extraterrestrial visitors seeded sophisticated ancient societies like the Maya. He asked what mainstream archaeologists made of it.
For David Anderson, that request was a call to action. Anderson, an archaeologist at Radford University in Virginia, jumped on Twitter: “Dear @joerogan, speaking as a ‘mainstream’ archaeologist … it depicts [Pakal] falling into the underworld at the moment of his death.” The rocket-propelling “fire” below Pakal is a personification of the underworld, and the “spaceship” is a world tree, a common feature in Mayan art. Rogan retweeted Anderson’s thread, bringing him more than 1000 likes and many grateful comments—plus some angry ones.
Pakal’s supposed seat in a spaceship is just one example of what Anderson and others call “pseudoarchaeology,” which ignores the cultural context of ancient artifacts and uses them to support predetermined ideas, rather than test hypotheses, about the past. Common beliefs include that aliens helped build the Egyptian and Mayan pyramids, that refugees escaping Atlantis brought technology to cultures around the world, and that European immigrants were the original inhabitants of North America.
These outlandish beliefs have been circulating for decades, but archaeologists like Anderson are now mobilizing to counter them. They are taking to Twitter, blogs, podcasts, YouTube, and newspapers to debunk false claims and explain real archaeological methods, and they plan to compare notes this week during a symposium at the Society for American Archaeology (SAA) meeting here. “My profession … needs to do a better job of speaking out,” Anderson says.
He and others are alarmed by the rising popularity of pseudoarchaeological ideas. According to the annual Survey of American Fears by Chapman University in Orange, California, which catalogs paranormal beliefs, in 2018, 41% of Americans believed that aliens visited Earth in the ancient past, and 57% believed that Atlantis or other advanced ancient civilizations existed. Those numbers are up from 2016, when the survey found that 27% of Americans believed in ancient aliens and 40% believed in Atlantis.
“I look at these numbers and say … something has gone massively wrong,” Anderson says. He can’t say exactly what is driving the rise in such ideas, but cable TV shows like Ancient Aliens (which has run for 13 seasons) propagate them, as does the internet.
These beliefs may seem harmless or even amusing, says Jason Colavito, an author in Albany who covers pseudoarchaeology in books and on his blog. But they have “a dark side,” he says. Almost all such claims assume that ancient non-European societies weren’t capable of inventing sophisticated architecture, calendars, math, and sciences like astronomy on their own. “It’s racist at its core,” says Kenneth Feder, an archaeologist at Central Connecticut State University in New Britain, who is slated to present at the SAA session and began to write about the dangers of these ideas long before most other scholars paid attention to them.
Adding to archaeologists’ sense of responsibility is that “many of these ideas started within mainstream archaeology,” says Jeb Card, an archaeologist at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. “We have to own these stories.”
For example, white settlers and early archaeologists in 19th century North America excavated elaborate pre-Columbian burial mounds—but ascribed them to a lost “moundbuilder race” that was killed by the ancestors of Native Americans. Former President Andrew Jackson used those ideas to justify displacing Native Americans from their lands.
Today, white nationalists make similar claims. To argue for Europeans’ deep roots in the Americas, they have latched onto Vinland, a short-lived medieval Viking settlement in eastern Canada, and the “Solutrean hypothesis,” which argues that the Americas were first peopled by arrivals from Western Europe. Neither claim started as pseudoarchaeology—Vinland was real, and the Solutrean hypothesis was proposed by mainstream archaeologists, then tested and ruled out—but they have been twisted for ideological ends. A white supremacist accused of murdering two people on a train in Portland, Oregon, in 2017 included the words “Hail Vinland!!!” in a Facebook post less than a month before the attack.
“It’s really a life-or-death issue,” says Stephennie Mulder, an archaeologist and art historian at the University of Texas in Austin, who organized a 30 March symposium there called “Aliens, Atlantis, and Aryanism: ‘Fake News’ in Archaeology and Heritage,” at which Anderson was the keynote speaker.
Yet archaeologists have historically been hesitant to tackle pseudoarchaeology. As the field matured in the 20th century, archaeologists moved into the academy and abdicated the public sphere, says Sara Head, an independent cultural resources archaeologist in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and the author of the Archaeological Fantasies blog, who is co-organizing the SAA session. “We’ve created a vacuum” that pseudoarchaeology has filled.
Today, “Most archaeological research is unavailable to the public,” she says, obscured by jargon and locked behind paywalls. “But you want something from pseudoarchaeology? I can find you 15 references,” all easily accessible online and on TV.
Re-engaging with the public is an uphill battle, Head says. Debunking specific claims, as Anderson did with Pakal’s “spaceship,” is merely a first step. To make a lasting impact, she and others say, archaeologists must proactively share their work and, in particular, explain their methods step by step. That’s important to counter the common pseudoarchaeological claim that researchers are hiding evidence for aliens or Atlantis.
This isn’t easy work, especially online. All the women interviewed for this article have been harassed online after tackling pseudoarchaeological interpretations. Mulder recently fielded replies that included a knife emoji after she tweeted about research showing that people of diverse ancestries, rather than only Western Europeans, lived in Roman Britain. Colavito reports receiving death threats after a host of Ancient Aliens urged his fans to send Colavito hate mail.
Ironically, the popularity of pseudoarchaeology also reveals intense public interest in the past. Anderson understands: His own interest in archaeology was spurred at age 18 when he read a book about a now-vanished advanced civilization that supposedly helped develop the cultures of ancient Egypt and the Maya. He was inspired to take archaeology courses in college—and found that the reality was even more exciting than the myths. “Archaeology was even better than [the book] had presented it.”
6 of history’s strangest ever theories about outer spac
6 of history’s strangest ever theories about outer space
On 4 October 1957, the Soviet Union's famous satellite Sputnik was launched into orbit, and the space age began. Or did it? SD Tucker, author of Space Oddities, explains that while Sputnik may have marked the beginning of humanity's physical exploration of the universe, we had already been exploring it with our minds for thousands of years…
Here, SD Tucker seeks out the strangest, most surprising and downright silliest theories about outer space that have arisen throughout history.
1. An ice idea
The renegade Austrian astronomer Hanns Hörbiger (1860–1931) didn’t believe in stars, and in an influential 1913 book made the startling assertion that the Milky Way was made entirely out of ice. According to Hörbiger, a series of massive, planet-sized ice-blocks was floating up there in space, encircling our entire solar system in an impenetrable white ring. Light from a few actual suns lurking beyond the ice-ring then shone through this frozen barrier, reflecting off its massed ice-crystals and giving observers on Earth the mere illusion of billions of stars twinkling down at us from the inky blackness.
Other astronomers might attempt to show off photographs of the Milky Way’s alleged ‘stars’ to prove their case, but Hörbiger had an easy answer ready to these arguments: all such images were simply fakes. As to any tedious mathematical objections which might have been made to his proposal, Hörbiger had an even more emphatic response in store. “Mathematics,” he once pronounced, “is nothing but lies!”.
Hörbiger’s full, entirely maths-less, theory was termed the Welteislehre, or ‘world ice theory’. Basically, it held that at some distant point in our galaxy’s past there had been a gigantic super-sun, millions of times the size of our own, next to which had orbited a massive planet, covered by layers of ice hundreds of miles thick. Eventually, this ice-planet fell into the super-sun, melted, and transformed into jets of super-charged steam that blew the sun apart, spewing out lumps of rock and fire which ultimately settled down to become the planets of our own current solar system.
Vast clouds of oxygen were also released from the explosion, and reacted with thin layers of hydrogen gases already swirling through space, creating masses of space-water which, space being cold, soon froze into the gigantic ring of interstellar icebergs which now encircled us all. Sometimes, said Hörbiger, one of these ice-blocks breaks away and floats into the pull of our sun’s gravitational field, falling into it and creating sun-spots, which are really colossal melting ice-cubes. Hörbiger’s theory was later taken up by various leading Nazis, including Adolf Hitler.
Hanns Hörbiger, founder of the World Ice Theory. (Photo by Imagno/Getty Images)
2. Through a glass
During the 1950s, John Bradbury, a chiropodist from Ashton-under-Lyne, UK, developed a new kind of telescope filled with an amazing 15 lenses. According to Bradbury, the more lenses in your telescope, the better the view of the heavens you would get, something which allowed him to see the very edge of the universe itself, which he said was rectangular, made of metal, and magnetic. His special telescope also somehow allowed Bradbury to discern that the Earth was not spherical at all, but flat on the top, where mankind lived, and hemispherical on the bottom, like a grapefruit cut in half.
As for the moon, Bradbury determined it was constructed of a thin shell of carbon one or two inches thick, and slightly convex. As it travelled through the sky, it accumulated large amounts of phosphorescent plasticine from some unknown source – more and more each day, until it was completely covered in the stuff, leading to what we call a full moon. Then, as the weight of this plasticine grew too heavy, it all started to drop back off again, until we were left with no visible moon at all. One night in 1953, Bradbury claimed to have seen a giant finger made of plasticine emerging from the top of the moon, a remarkable sight indeed, but one which nobody else was able to confirm because no other astronomers possessed one of his multi-lensed telescopes. The reason nobody possessed one of these devices was because, by filling it up with so many pieces of glass, Bradbury ended up with massively distorted images bearing no resemblance whatsoever to reality.
Samuel Shenton, founder of the International Flat Earth Research Society (IFERS). (Photo by Kent Photo News (K.P.N.)/Express/Hulton Archive/Getty Images)
3. Falling flat
Samuel Shenton (1903–71) was the Devon-based leader of the International Flat Earth Research Society (IFERS), which he founded in 1956. Shenton’s beloved ‘flat earth’, he said, was best imagined as being a kind of giant Rich Tea biscuit surrounded by a big circular wall of ice cubes. In 1962, Shenton explained the basics of his theory thus: “You see, the world is flat, like a plate. It is steady, and doesn’t move or revolve. It is surrounded by a solid ice-barrier, and the whole lot is at the bottom of a [cylindrical] pit in what we call ‘Mother Earth’, which is a flat plain so large that it is endless. When you travel around the world and arrive back at the same place, it is like walking around the edge of a plate.” Shenton further speculated that missing persons who leave their homes one day and then never return may simply have walked too far by accident and then fallen off the edge of the world whilst trying to navigate the ice-barrier.
Given the nature of Shenton’s beliefs, the advent of the space age proved quite an irritation for him. On 24 December 1968, Shenton observed Nasa perpetrate the ultimate lie. To a live TV audience of an estimated 500 million, the Apollo 8 astronauts turned their camera down upon Earth itself, displaying disturbing evidence it was round. Seeing as Shenton believed that the Bible proved Earth was flat, he reasoned this footage was simply a “deceptive cloak” on Nasa’s behalf, and by April 1969 he was putting the Apollo 8 crew right in a shocking interview with the Birmingham Evening Echo. Above our Earth, he said, was a giant mass of water, which we were currently protected from by a big air-bubble. An atomic explosion or giant earthquake could make this air-bubble pop any day now, flooding the world once more as in the days of Noah, when the world was apparently square. The shock of a second ‘Great Flood’, predicted Shenton, could be so huge that it would make the disc-shaped flat earth revert back to its hitherto-unknown original form, transforming the Rich Tea world-biscuit into a giant Jacobs cream cracker. From this, many people might conclude that Mr Shenton was somewhat cream crackers himself.
Earth rising over curvature of the moon as seen from Apollo 8. (Photo by NASA/NASA/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images)
4. The planet of love
The mad Frenchman Charles Fourier (1772–1837) was most famous as a leftwing political theoriser, whose particular brand of thinking was eventually dubbed ‘utopian socialism’, but he was also a very bizarre cosmological theoriser. Basically, Fourier thought that the work of Isaac Newton was fine so far as it went, but that the major attractive force keeping planets in orbit around their suns was not really gravity, as Sir Isaac had said, but passion or love. Fourier proposed that the planets, moons and stars were in some sense living animals, with senses like sight, touch and taste, and who were seemingly obsessed with having sex with one another; most notoriously, Fourier declared that eclipses were really caused by the sun engaging in a “conjugal embrace” of the moon.
In Fourier’s own words: “A planet is a being which has two souls and two sexes, and which procreates like animal or vegetable beings by the meeting of the two generative substances,” which are emitted from their two poles. By this, Fourier meant that the north pole of every planet was male, and that the south pole of every planet was female. Each pole was actually a giant genital, emitting a sort of subtle, airy, sperm-like substance of either male or female quality, termed ‘aroma’. Throughout his work, Fourier constantly talks about planets emitting aromas onto one another in order to turn each other on prior to mating. These ‘aromas’ are best thought of as being a virtually incorporeal ‘fluid’ which connects the planets together into their own little solar systems throughout the universe. Basically, such ‘aromal fields’ were an erotic form of gravity, making planets orbit around their larger suns, or moons around their parent-planets, in much the same way that love-struck teenagers might follow the object of their affections around everywhere they go. So, according to Fourier, the next time you look up into the night sky, you’re really peeping in upon a giant galactic orgy!
Portrait of French social theorist Charles Fourier. (Photo by Time Life Pictures/Mansell/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images)
5. Hive mind
Gerald Heard (1889–1971) was a highly erudite Cambridge graduate, writer, broadcaster and mystic of Anglo-Irish origins who later found his true home in California, the early centre of post-Second World War flying saucer mania. Heard was a man of many remarkable ideas, the most remarkable of which was laid out in his 1950 book The Riddle of the Flying Saucers: Is Another World Watching? which holds a place in the record books as the first full-length, non-fiction book about the subject published by a British author. The title was serialised in the Sunday Express throughout October 1950, giving his countrymen ample opportunity to consider Heard’s peculiar idea that the UFOs then being sighted all across the globe were piloted not by humanoid ETs, as you may have presumed, but by alien super-bees from Mars who were watching over us from afar, and perhaps even planning an invasion.
Heard speculated that the Martian bees, having access to various advanced (though presumably tiny) items of super-technology, might well have got around the flower-free conditions of their desert-like homeworld by creating a form of artificial sugar from some unspecified “synthetic substance” which would in effect be a new industrial form of chlorophyll. By mixing this with water and exposing it to air and sunlight, the natural chemical processes of certain plants could then be imitated on a vast scale, said Heard, creating huge supplies of sugar for the bees to eat virtually on-demand.
Following America’s dropping of atom bombs on Japan in 1945, it appeared to Heard that the alien bees’ monitoring of Earth had stepped up a gear. Maybe the bees were worried we would blow up the entire planet through our foolishness? Worse yet, maybe the dust from our ruined Earth would float into space and hover in a big belt around Mars, blocking out the sun’s light and thereby impeding alien honey production? The potential reasons for the bees to fear and hate us seemed endless. Heard did propose training up Earth-bees to become diplomats who could speak to their Martian cousins and work out some kind of peace treaty, but sadly nothing ever came of the idea.
6. Fallen Angel
During the 19th century, before we had the technology to really know what conditions on other nearby planets were like, strange crossovers began to emerge between astronomy and spiritualism, with self-styled psychics claiming to have travelled to places such as Mars and Venus using their astral bodies. For example, in 1895 one Colonel Albert de Rochas (1837–1914), a Frenchman with a liking for both psychical research and hypnotism, was called out to help a family friend, given the pseudonym ‘Mireille’, who was suffering some ailment.
Knowing of his skills in hypnotism, Mireille hoped de Rochas could help alleviate her sufferings. He did, but during one trance session Mireille claimed to be rising up through outer space, which she deemed to be luminous and full of “phantoms”, one of whom was a dead childhood friend of hers named Victor. Mireille spoke of visiting Mars in astral form, before one day it seemed as if her body had been suddenly taken over by the spirit of Victor. He was initially puzzled as to why he was wearing women’s clothing, but once he had calmed down Victor explained that, following his death, he lived on among the planets – a form of existence about which he could give little information beyond the curious detail that all dead people had arms which also functioned as genitalia, or “organs of affection”. According to Victor, these arms grew larger and larger over time and were often mistaken for angel wings, when they were really giant celestial penises. Perhaps unsurprisingly, Colonel de Rochas refused to believe ‘Victor’s’ story.
Space Oddities by SD Tucker is published by Amberley Books. To find out more, click here.
NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) just spotted “moving water molecules” on the near side of the Moon — which could be a big deal for future human missions to the Moon.
Scientists observed water molecules moving around as the lunar surface heated up during the Moon’s day cycle. Researchers had previously assumed that the main source of water — hydrogen ions from solar wind — would be cut off when the Earth travels between the Moon and the Sun. But the new findings didn’t see any decrease when the Earth cut off solar wind to the Moon, suggesting that it could harbor a more sustainable source of water than previously believed.
Hot Topic
The discovery is described in a paper published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters by researchers from the John Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory and NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland. The data was collected by the LRO’s Lyman Alpha Mapping Project (LAMP), an ultraviolet spectrograph that was built to map ultralight wavelength reflections on the lunar surface.
“This is an important new result about lunar water, a hot topic as our nation’s space program returns to a focus on lunar exploration,” said Kurt Retherford, principal investigator of the LAMP instrument from Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio, Texas, said in a statement. “We recently converted the LAMP’s light collection mode to measure reflected signals on the lunar dayside with more precision, allowing us to track more accurately where the water is and how much is present.”
The Shape Of Water
A groundbreaking 2017 study from Brown University suggested that there may be substantial amounts of waterinside lunar rocks. At the time, the discovery was a major shift from the consensus view that most water on the Moon is located near its poles.
This year’s results discovered by LAMP seem to underline that the lunar water cycle could make water far more accessible to us during future missions to the Moon than we previously thought — the more water already exists on the Moon, the less time and resources we have to spend in trying to get it there.
Today (April 10), a global collaboration of more than 200 astronomers presented the first image of a directly-observed black hole. The picture of a glowing orange-yellow ring around a dark core, was compiled from observations by eight ground-based radio telescopes known collectively as the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT).
Researchers' data showed the black hole at the heart of Messier 87 (M87), a galaxy within the Virgo cluster located about 55 million light-years from Earth. But what exactly is the image showing, and why is the irregular ring orange? [IT'S HERE: The First-Ever Close-Up of a Black Hole]
This is the first-ever image of a black hole. Credit: NSF
Though black holes are compact objects, they are exceptionally massive — the mass of M87's black hole is about 6.5 billion times that of our sun, the National Science Foundation (NSF) said in a statement. Because of this enormous mass, black holes warp spacetime, heating the dust and gas around them to extreme temperatures, according to NSF.
By definition, black holes are invisible, because no light escapes from them. But a prediction made by Albert Einstein in his theory of general relativity stated that under certain circumstances, an outline of a black hole and its light-swallowing event horizon could be seen, according to representatives of the Haystack Observatory at MIT, which houses one of the EHT telescopes.
"If immersed in a bright region, like a disc of glowing gas, we expect a black hole to create a dark region similar to a shadow," EHT Science Council chair Heino Falcke, a professor of radio astronomy and astroparticle physics at Radboud University in the Netherlands, said in the NSF statement.
The black hole in M87 isn't the closest to Earth, but it's among the biggest, which made it a very promising target for the EHT, Derek Fox, an associate professor in the Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics at Penn State University, told Live Science (Fox was not affiliated with the EHT discovery).
In the image, the dark circle represents the "shadow" of the black hole and its boundary, created by the glowing material that surrounds it. However, the colors of the bright ring in the image aren't the actual hues of the gas; rather, they represent a color map chosen by EHT researchers to depict the brightness of the emissions, Fox explained.
"The yellow is the most intense emission, the red is less intense, and then black is little or no emission at all," Fox said. In the optical range, the ring around the black hole would likely appear white, perhaps tinged with blue or red, according to Fox.
"I'd expect it to be more of a whitish glow that is brighter along the crescent, dimmer at the other points, and then black where the black hole is casting its shadow," he said.
So what is the truth and whom do we trust to tell it? In principal, any evidence that is documented by the military and government agencies worldwide are more highly regarded as they uniformly follow procedures and guidelines to rule-out logical explanations and have the resources to assess multiple possibilities.
The topic of UFOs often arrives in a bag filled with cliches and skepticism. At its heart, however, is a simple term, the acronym: Unidentified Flying Object. A term created by one of the director’s of Project Blue Book, US Air Force Captain Edward Ruppelt in the early 1950’s. The definition of a UFO is merely an aerial object or sighting that has not yet been identified. However, once all logical explanations have been ruled-out, from unusual atmospheric phenomena to weather balloons, the UFO term takes on an entirely different meaning as unexplained aerial phenomenon. Yet with all our technological advances and social media reporting, a common question today is; How is it that we still do not have definitive proof that these unexplained UFO phenomena truly exist? At least not that we know of… Or has the stigma of UFOs clouded our ability to remain open to the possibilities? Has our limited knowledge and understanding of the universe caused us to arrogantly ignore the compelling new evidence that continues to rise with each reported event?
UFOs arguably tread through an ebb and flow of believability and popularity. According to a global study by Glocalities, some 61% of the 26,000 surveyed believe in the existence of intelligent alien civilizations. A HuffPost/YouGov poll found that 48% of all adults in the U.S. are open to the idea that extraterrestrial spacecraft are observing the Earth. In an older U.S. survey by Kelton Research, some 80 million Americans believe UFOs are real. News reports of UFOs catch our attention, but are quickly reduced to Internet and social media fodder that are typically trivialized and dismissed by skeptics. Of course the entertainment industry has the power to breathe life back into topics such as UFOs by making them part of the everyday conversation, bringing about re-emergence of questions asked surrounding real events and demanding better conclusions for those events that left us confused and concerned. While the discussion about the belief in god has slowly decreased in recent years, the issue of believability of UFOs continues to increase. Rarely waning long in popularity, UFOs maintain a hold on our interest, and as more voices give validity to whether or not we are alone in the universe, we greedily listen and allow the stigma of believing in little green men to wash away. We look for truth and find some assurance knowing even the U.S. government has also acknowledged UFO existence, to some extent, all along.
So what is the truth and whom do we trust to tell it? In principal, any evidence that is documented by the military and government agencies worldwide are more highly regarded as they uniformly follow procedures and guidelines to rule-out logical explanations and have the resources to assess multiple possibilities. The problem is whether or not this data is then made available to the public. So we are left with individuals and organizations, short on funds, who carry the burden of finding, investigating and reporting what is experienced. The need for evidence of UFOs does not end at the US border, but rather crosses through every country and culture.
In seeking to find out more about a couple of the most compelling UFO events in recent time, I was fortunate to make contact with and interview three highly qualified scientific and engineering professionals that were involved with confidential investigations for these extraordinary events. They agreed to do my interviews as long as they remained confidential. Each UFO event was huge in the landscape of UFOlogy and has been the subject of continued scrutiny, not on whether the events actually happened, but rather what is being done with the evidence.
In 2004, Commander David Fravor, a Navy pilot with the USS Nimitz investigated reports by the USS Princeton of several unidentified flying objects manuevering over the San Diego coastline. Of interest was that the objects had no recognizable flight mechanisms, nor was utilizing any known means of propulsion. Commander Fravor reported the object flew in a manner and pace that could not be of a human-made aircraft. How easy to discount Fravor except Fravor and members of his crew hold 15 years of experience each and declare that what they witnessed could not be of this world.
One of the consultants on the team analyzing the data and video collected from the incident explains, “The bogeys were verified by various Naval support at sea, airborne Navy pilots, as well as ground radar defense support that documented only fragmented and curiously intermittent radar signatures. The contacts were made over the course of a couple of days.” This consultant reports that there were several private aerospace contractors and six private consultants, in addition to several defense department investigators, utilized in the assessment of the data and video footage.
Ten years later, in 2014, Chilean Navy members reported an encounter off the coast of Santiago. A Chilean Naval helicopter crew on routine maneuvers witnesses a flying object 50-60 kilometers from them, yet the object had no signature from onboard radar. Confused by lack of the radar presence, a Captain contacted two primary military ground radar facilities, both were also unable to obtain a signature of the UFO. Having encountered other UFOs in the region, the military also ruled-out other commercial and private aircraft.
What makes the 2014 case even more intriguing is that a new Forward Looking Infra Red (FLIR) surveillance system, typically used for intelligence collection and reconnaissance, enabled the Chilean Naval crew to capture special video images of the object that radar could not. Also captured was an unknown discharge which occurred indifferent to the motion and movement of the object. While blurry objects are often the standard for UFO proof, the Chilean Navy’s new infrared video images now provided another layer of evidence that not even traditional radar could produce.
A year before in Chile, a similar UFO was reported by witnesses in the Collahuasi mining area. One former police officer says while he did not witness the 2014 event, he did witness the Collahuasi UFO in 2013. Because of his personal eye-witness encounter, he was called in to review footage and provide feedback on an investigation that was being conducted on the 2014 event. The former police officer explains that not only were there several witnesses to the flying object in 2013, along with muliple photos and video, but there were additional reports of major energy disruptions, witnesses with radiation burns and missing persons coinciding with very low hovering of the UFO. The former police officer described the Navy’s video as giving a fascinating perspective, visually showing aspects of the environment and the UFO that could not normally be seen with the naked eye. Furthermore, he confirmed that it looked identical to the UFO encounter in Collahuasi.
On October 25, 2017, a curiously intermittent UFO radar signature was documented by Oakland, California’s air traffic control center in the airspace above Northern California traveling close to Mach 1, flying outside registered flight plans, with no collision avoidance transponders and not responding to any radio communication. A separate control center estimated a speed faster than Mach 1, but that would suggest the UFO was capable of sonic speeds without producing a sonic shock wave. Military air defenses had been passively tracking the object until it reached Oregon airspace where it manuervered into busy air traffic corridors, permanently disappearing from all radar. This caused military air defenses to scramble two F-15 interceptor fighters from McChord Air Force Base in Washington to investigate. While the UFO no longer had a radar signature it was now more visible to pilots in the busy flight corridor who reported the object flying on the edge of visual range. By the time the F-15s arrived at the last visual coordinates of the UFO, it was gone, leaving only hesitant reports from commercial and private pilots. It would be an understatement to say that the event was chaotic and inexplicable to all involved.
A similar, but shorter, UFO encounter took place four months later on February 24, 2018 in the skies above Southern Arizona involving commercial and private aircraft. On this particular afternoon, a commercial pilot reported to air traffic control an unidentified aircraft flying above them headed in the opposite direction. The unidentifable aricraft exhibited none of the conventional characteristics of aircraft today, had no collision avoidance transponders and was not responding to radio communication. Ground control in turn contacted other nearby commercial and private aircraft to visually confirm the unknown aircraft, which they did. While commercial and private aircraft confirmed the UFO visually, multiple radar tracking, including Albuquerque Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC) and Phoenix Sky Harbor Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON) could not acquire a radar signature. Ground control was in the process of alerting military air defenses when pilots reported the UFO ascending quickly moments before visual was lost. A variety of rational explanations were quickly ruled-out, including weather balloons, drones, illicit air craft and top secret test aircraft, the UFO apparently exhibiting no known means of propulsion.
As a result of the 2017 and 2018 events, independent comprehensive investigations were conducted, though it is unclear if they were government or private sector operations. A highly-respected aerospace engineer that was part of the teams formed to assess evidence of these events described the meticulous scientific analysis that was conducted as well as the long list of corporations and government agencies that participated in the assessment. Corporations and agencies participated either because of their involvement in the actual event or to offer investigative resources. Reportedly, among the private sector corporations included Raytheon, General Atomics, Aeronautical Systems and Northrup Grumman. The government agencies include the FAA’s Office of investigations, North American Aerospace Defence Command (NORAD), Western Air Defense Sector (WADS), Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC), National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to name but a few. Additionally, nine private consultants also participated in every phase of the investigation, four of those specialists reportedly were; Aerospace Engineer Hugh Coleman, Physicist Bruce Maccabee, Physicist Walter Innes and Anomalist Christopher Chacon (who was also involved with both Chile UFO investigations, according to the former Chilean police officer). The participation of such agencies as the NGA could be to supply geospatial intelligence (GEOINT), especially flight-tracking of aircraft or objects, both in real-time or past/pre-recorded, to ascertain possibile points of origin, flight course and/or a destination. The aerospace engineer described the objective of both investigations were to assess all evidence (witnesses, footage, radar data, satellite imagery, etc.), rule-out possible explanations (drones, secret experimental aircraft, unusual atmospheric phenomena, aircraft conducting illicit activities, etc.) and to ascertain the true nature of each event, formulating conclusions to identify the unknown aircraft. The aerospace engineer further noted how painstaking measures were taken to keep these investigations and their conclusions confidential. But with so many investigative bodies, how could any investigation remain completely secret for long?
In 2017, it was disclosed that as the result of ongoing credible UFO sightings, the government was funding a $22 million-dollar program called the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP) secretly operated out of the Pentagon from 2007 to 2012. With the support of Senators Harry Reid and Ted Stevens, the objective of the program is to investigate UFO sightings with a particular emphasis on those incidents that can be considered a national security threat and/or are in anyway involving the U.S. military. And while other countries also have their own classified UFO government programs, many of those declassifying and releasing reports to inform their general public, the U.S. government’s AATIP maintained a high level of secrecy. So much so, that the reported former head of the program, Luis Elizondo, made complaints to superiors that the level of secrecy hindered their work and program objectives. Though the program supposedly shutdown in 2012 when funding was cut off, it has been reported that various parts or divisions of it still operate, confidentially conducting UFO investigations, as well as performing other duties for the Defense Department. While the 2004/San Diego coast event was supposedly one of the cases investigated by AATIP, the classified investigation previously mentioned in this article was reportedly done independent of that program. Additionally, the 2017/Oregon and 2018/Phoenix events were all conducted outside of any known programs, and certainly suggests that there may in fact be a new clandestine model for dealing with UFO’s that allows the program to operate without oversight, congressional or otherwise, perhaps black budget funded or even privately funded.
While AATIP officially ended in 2012, the former head of the program, Luis Elizondo, as well as many outspoken proponents of the disclosure of UFO evidence, have reported that government agencies are well aware of the ongoing UFO phenomena but continue to do nothing. However, the secret indepth investigations still being conducted suggests something else going on. While confirmation of government involvement with UFOs trickles into our media/press at times, it is difficult to decipher what the true objectives are of such involvement, nor whether the disclosure really has some other agenda, as with misinformation. If there is indeed some sort of clandestine program operating with all the resources and logistics to conduct full-scale investigations and research of UFO events, it should be no surprise that every aspect of it would remain clandestine so as to not impede their operations or compromise their power to do with their conclusions as they feel appropriate.
So whether these UFOs are in-fact secret next-generation aircraft technology (from the U.S. or a foreign power) or extraterrestrial in origin, if a new covert program is overseeing the collection and assessment of UFO events, we may never know what was behind these and so many other countless incidents as the evidence and results of investigations conducted will continue to remain confidential for the foreseeable future. All we can do is continue to independently collect and document the experiences, researching and analyze each event with whatever means and resources we can access, and most importantly, continue to ask questions over and over again until the truth is finally disclosed.
3 GREAT UFO DOCUMENTARY MOVIES
1. OUT OF THE BLUE
This well-respected film is widely considered to be the best UFO documentary ever made. Narrated by noted actor Peter Coyote, it is sober and measured as it interviews witnesses of the Phoenix Lights, the Roswell Incident, and other significant but lesser-known incidents—including some witnessed by well-known NASA astronauts, who appear in the film.
It would be difficult to watch this movie in an impartial state of mind and not come away intrigued if not convinced.
2. I KNOW WHAT I SAW
This UFO documentary shares its director, James Fox, with Out of the Blue, and it’s just as compelling and amazing. Where Out of the Blue focuses on compelling UFO incidents in the modern era, I Know What I Saw spends its time juxtaposing credible UFO witnesses against the stance of official denial by the US military. Especially damning: interviews with J. Allen Hynek, once the scientific adviser to the US Air Force’s Project Blue Book. Hynek’s job with Blue Book was to come up with “rational” explanations for UFO sightings, but he was so convinced by some of the evidence he encountered that he later became a ufologist and admitted that the Air Force had told him to deny UFO reality, despite what he might otherwise think.
3. THE SECRET: EVIDENCE WE ARE NOT ALONE
The US government is hiding UFO secrets: many people believe this is a fact beyond debate. The Secret examines leaked government evidence of captured craft that is not of this world, of Extraterrestrial Biological Entities (E.B.E.s) associated with those craft, and of a carefully controlled effort to hide the UFO reality from the general public. Leaked documents are examined by experts who studied watermarks, stamps, and other tell-tale signs and declared them to be genuine. The story they tell—including crash events we’ve never heard of—is astounding. Don’t miss The Secret.
EXTRA BONUS:
1. THE EXTRAORDINARY BELIEFS FILMS FROM JEREMY CORBELL
Jeremy Kenyon Lockyer Corbell is a film directory with a project. He calls it Extraordinary Beliefs, and it’s a series of films about subjects that are simultaneously beyond belief and absolutely real. Area 51 whistleblower Bob Lazar is the subject of one movie, while another, the excellent I Am Nano Man, reveals hidden technology that is decades ahead of what the best Earth science has now (with the obvious implication: it’s not of this world). Others cover subjects like a man with implants made of impossible metals and UFO/conspiracy legend John Lear.
By the way, we are not in any way affiliated with Jeremy or his work—we’re just fans. We get no money from the films. The cost? It’s pretty cheap; $2.99 to rent for a month.
The classified study was called the Advanced Aerospace Threat and Identification Program (AATIP) and investigated mysterious aircraft or other unexplained phenomena.
Official documents reveal that investigators studied ‘exotic technologies’ including wormholes, antigravity, invisibility cloaking, warp drives and high energy laser weapons.
Now it’s been claimed that AATIP explored the health ‘consequences’ suffered by people who witnessed UFO incidents.
Details of 38 papers published during the AATIP probe were released last year, although only a handful of the actual documents have been released to the public.
One of the studies was called ‘Field Effects on Biological Tissues’.
Nick Pope, who was head of the Ministry of Defence’s UFO investigation desk, said this is likely to be the paper which explored the health effects of close encounters.
Pope pointed us to an article published on Las Vegas Now in which Dr Hal Puthoff, a scientist who worked on AATIP, said: ‘We as part of this program looked at some cases that were really good from Brazil.
‘In 1977, 78, it was like Close Encounters of the Third Kind, a thousand pages of documents all done by the Brazilian Air Force investigative team, 500 photographs, 15 hours of motion film, a lot of medical injuries when people encountered these craft at close range.’
Pope told Metro the statement is ‘confirmation that the Pentagon’s AATIP program looked not only at UFOs but also at close encounters and alien abductions’.
He said: ‘I can’t prove it, but from sources close to this I’m almost certain that part of this work involved getting blood and DNA samples from close encounter witnesses – including at least one and maybe two witnesses to the UK’s infamous Rendlesham Forest incident.
A view of the oval-shaped UFO encountered by US Airforce pilots
This official photograph shows a craft moving at incredible speeds that was spotted by two US Navy pilots over the Atlantic
‘I believe this was done in a way that disguised the fact that this was for a US intelligence program, with witnesses being told that they were participating in a scientific or academic study.’
The world first heard about AATIP following the release of footage showing an encounter between an F/A-18 Super Hornet fighter jet and an oval-shaped UFO travelling at astonishing speed.
Earlier this year, the US Defense Intelligence Agency has released documents which exposed some of the work carried during the top-secret UFO research project.
In a letter addressed to a congressional committee chaired by the late Senator John McCain in 2018, the DIA wrote: ‘The purpose of AATIP was to investigate foreign advanced aerospace weapon threats from the present out to the next 40 years,’ the letter explains.
A declassified document giving details of the research papers produced by AATIP investigators
And last year, AATIP programme manager Luis Elizondo said he believed there is ‘very compelling evidence we may not be alone’.
He also recently suggested mysterious ‘metamaterials’ which may have come from crashed alien spacecraft are being stored by the American government in specially modified warehouses in Las Vegas.
The AATIP programme was closed down in 2012, although the New York Times reporters that exposed its work believe it is still operational in some capacity.
Over the weekend the topic of UFOs hit the front page of major news outlets around the world, with the revelation that the U.S. Department of Defence has, until fairly recently, been running a secret research program devoted to UFO encounters, known as the “Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program” (AATIP).
The story broke through major outlets including the New York Times, the Washington Post, and Politico– all of whom, it seems, were provided information and access to interviewees many weeks ago (also worth mentioning perhaps, is that a co-writer on the NYT piece is Leslie Kean, author of the well-known UFO book UFOs: Generals, Pilots, And Government Officials Go On The Record. It seems likely that the ‘access’ was given by Tom DeLonge’s ‘To the Stars Academy’ (TTSA), the controversial new UFO research group that has solicited investment from the public (and has now raised over $2 million!)
There’s a lot to unpack out of all these stories, especially as they don’t always give the full context via the various links between people and organisations. As such, I’m sure we’ll be covering many angles here on the Grail in further posts, but I just wanted to discuss a few initial thoughts to try and get readers up to date with everything (so this post might jump around between a few topics rather randomly).
The Program
The New York Times notes that the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program was originally set up in 2007, and took up $22 million of the $600 billion annual Defense Department budget. It was funded at the request of Nevada Democrat Harry Reid, who was Senate majority leader at the time, at the urging of his friend (and regular campaign funder, according to Politico), Robert Bigelow, and officials of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) who were apparently interested in Bigelow’s research.
Regular readers of the Grail will know Robert Bigelow well: the self-made tycoon (via his ownership of the Budget Suites of America hotel chain) has a long history of engaging with ‘Fortean’ topics. He was an early supporter of Dean Radin’s psi research, he funded a chair of consciousness studies at the University of Nevada, and also has been involved in funding serious research into the paranormal via his own organization, the National Institute of Discovery Science (NIDS). In more recent times his involvement in extraterrestrial affairs has been – at least on the surface – a bit more mundane: his company Bigelow Aerospace has been constructing inflatable space stations.
AATIP spent a number of years investigating reports of UFOs, led by a military intelligence official, Luis Elizondo, who recently resigned (in October) and became an employee of Tom DeLonge’s TTSA UFO research group. However, according to the reports, “most of the money went to an aerospace research company run by a billionaire entrepreneur and longtime friend of Mr. Reid’s, Robert Bigelow” (my emphasis). So most of the actual leg-work seems to have not been done by AATIP, but by Robert Bigelow’s organization. Interestingly, during the time that Bigelow’s group was conducting this research for AATIP, Bigelow Aerospace Advanced Space Studies also began funding the previously ‘amateur’ research efforts of the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON).
(For me at least, this should raise some concerns about the Reid-Bigelow relationship and the possibility of the program being a ‘kickback’: Bigelow supported Harry Reid’s election campaigns financially; Harry Reid gets government funding for Bigelow’s paranormal research. This may well have been done with full transparency and accountability; I only raise it here as a possible concern.)
Pentagon officials confirmed the existence of the program to the NYT, though they insisted that “the effort had ended after five years, in 2012”. Elizondo though said that while the funding had been withdrawn, he continued to work on the project by discussing anomalous sightings with defence officials.
Here’s Leslie Kean discussing the revelations on NBC over the weekend:
The Sightings
While the reveal about the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program was certainly of interest – a little like the Nick Pope/UK UFO desk it seems – what was really compelling about the UFO articles over the weekend was the inclusion of one of the sightings investigated by them: a 2004 sighting by multiple military pilots. A companion article in the New York Times shared the testimony of one of those witnesses, former Navy pilot David Fravor.
Performing training manoeuvres in an F/A-18F Super Hornet operating from the U.S.S Nimitz, Fravor was tasked with investigating some strange radar returns by an operator aboard the U.S.S. Princeton, a Navy cruiser.
For two weeks, the operator said, the Princeton had been tracking mysterious aircraft. The objects appeared suddenly at 80,000 feet, and then hurtled toward the sea, eventually stopping at 20,000 feet and hovering. Then they either dropped out of radar range or shot straight back up.
…The two fighter planes headed toward the objects. The Princeton alerted them as they closed in, but when they arrived at “merge plot” with the object — naval aviation parlance for being so close that the Princeton could not tell which were the objects and which were the fighter jets — neither Commander Fravor nor Commander Slaight could see anything at first. There was nothing on their radars, either.
Then, Commander Fravor looked down to the sea. It was calm that day, but the waves were breaking over something that was just below the surface. Whatever it was, it was big enough to cause the sea to churn.
Hovering 50 feet above the churn was an aircraft of some kind — whitish — that was around 40 feet long and oval in shape. The craft was jumping around erratically, staying over the wave disturbance but not moving in any specific direction, Commander Fravor said. The disturbance looked like frothy waves and foam, as if the water were boiling.
Commander Fravor began a circular descent to get a closer look, but as he got nearer the object began ascending toward him. It was almost as if it were coming to meet him halfway, he said.
Commander Fravor abandoned his slow circular descent and headed straight for the object.
But then the object peeled away. “It accelerated like nothing I’ve ever seen,” he said in the interview. He was, he said, “pretty weirded out.”
Partial video of the sighting has been posted online by the To the Stars Academy along with their analysis of it (worth noting: TTSA posted videos from two separate incidents , and a number of sites seem to have confused the two in their articles about this incident and posted the wrong one). Here’s the ‘Nimitz FLIR-1’ video of the sighting:
The TTSA website also has a report by the witness which describes the sighting in more detail than the NYT article. For those interested in UFO reports, I highly recommend it as it is absolutely fascinating and gives a wonderful sense of ‘being there’.
The main concern I have is the account of what happened after the sighting. It seems super weird that by the time the pilots arrive back at the Nimitz, there is no debriefing officer to meet them, and crew members are already “making fun of them” by playing paranormal videos including Signs, Men in Black, and The X-Files via the on-board closed circuit television. This sounds either invented, or if not, as if the event was some sort of hazing ritual for the rookie pilot. The subsequent narrative also sounds fictional:
[The witnesses then] entered the Ready Room, where OK-2 slammed closed and secured both hatchways and began making an electronic copy of the gun tape from his F-18. During this time, Source made detailed written notes of the incident on available printer paper and mailed them to their Aunt with the notice “keep this because this is important stuff about some real X-Files shit”.
How was the electronic copy of gun tape carried out? And was the witness breaching military secrecy in sending his notes to his Aunt?
However, it’s worth pointing out that while this sighting is now world-famous courtesy of the mainstream press coverage over the weekend, information about it has been available online since March 2015 (with even more detail than this recent re-telling) at the Fighter Sweep blog, written by a good friend of Dave Fravor – and the video was apparently on YouTube for years before being taken down near the end of 2014 due to a new government investigation:
Somehow the tape made its way to YouTube. A few years after the incident, when first telling me the story, Dave pointed me to the link. It was unremarkable without the background information. But folded into context it was amazing, especially the slow-mo of the dot accelerating out of screen. For years I told the story to friends and showed them the video as punctuation.
However last month when I called Dave to refresh my memory before sitting down to write this bizarre encounter, he informed me that the video had been removed from YouTube. He told me that a government agency with a three letter identifier had recently conducted an investigation into the AAVs and had exhaustively interviewed all parties involved.
All of the seven flight crew, including 6 aircrew from VFA-41 and Cheeks from VMFA-232. The Fire Control Officer and Senior Chief from Princeton, and the radar operator on the E-2. They even queried the crew of the USS Louisville, a Los Angeles-class Fast-Attack submarine that was in the area as part of the Nimitz Carrier Strike Group who reported there were no unidentified sonar contacts or strange underwater noises on that day.
(Worth noting also is that in the comments to the blog post, others who had previously known of the story speak up, including somebody who was aboard the U.S.S. Princeton at the time, and a friend of Fravor’s WSO on the flight who mentions that he had been told about the incident as well: “I would have thought it was BS if I didn’t know the WSO that told the story. Most level headed guy you’ll ever know. Smart as hell. He described it as a giant, flying Tylenol that could stop on a dime from super sonic speeds.”)
So the story seems fairly likely to be legit, with footage and multiple, authoritative witnesses.
Strange Metals
Returning to the revelation of the ‘black research’ program, there is one strange element (no pun intended) that has largely been passed over so far, but might be worth further attention. Veteran UFO researcher/journalist George Knapp – who knows fellow Las Vegan Bigelow quite well – stated on his Twitter feed that the most important line in the New York Times story has thus far been overlooked by most people: the fact that Bigelow Aerospace “modified buildings in Las Vegas for the storage of metal alloys and other materials that Mr. Elizondo and program contractors said had been recovered from unidentified aerial phenomena.”
Interestingly Tom DeLonge – formerly of the band Blink-182, now the guy at the forefront of the ‘To the Stars Academy‘ had tweeted the day before this news broke, “what do you get when you zap a layered piece of Bismuth and Magnesium with Terahertz energy? The dissolution of mass. Or, at least the effect of which. We are working on an experiment for you all.”
Which reminded me (and others) of our own Red Pill Junkie’s recent interview with UFO research legend Jacques Vallee, in which he discussed his current interest in the topic of ‘ejecta’ from UFOs, samples of which have been analysed previously and found to contain magnesium. Given Jacques’ own involvement in the past with Robert Bigelow’s anomalies research group the National Institute of Discovery Science (NIDS), was he discussing the same thing?
Where Does That Leave Us?
Firstly, it has to be said that this positive worldwide coverage has for me rehabilitated the reputation of the To the Stars Academy somewhat, after the earlier debacles of the ‘UFO Event‘ at which DeLonge launched his fund-raising, and his subsequent appearance on the Joe Rogan podcast.
However, I still think there’s plenty to be cautious about. The AATIP revelation, and Nimitz information, while very interesting, are certainly not a ground-breaking ‘disclosure’ event, as I’ve seen some people claiming already. As mentioned earlier, information about the Nimitz sighting has been on the web for years. The tiny (relatively-speaking) $22 million budget for AATIP, and the out-sourcing of investigative work to Robert Bigelow’s organization, hardly suggest that the government found alien bodies or technology – instead it sounds like a minor, pet program of one senator, created at the request of a campaign funder with a deep intereste in the topic. And, it must be remembered, up until this more ‘respectable’ news release over the weekend, DeLonge’s story has so far been a dodgy tale very much along the lines of previous psy-ops deceptions performed by the likes of intelligence officer Richard Doty.
Further questions buzzing around my head: what should we make of Robert Bigelow’s apparent ties with the Defence Intelligence Agency? Why does Harry Reid’s testimony both say the program accomplished great things, but shutting it down in 2011 was the right decision? And why, if it did shut down back then, was the Nimitz sighting apparently being investigated in 2014 (according to the Fighter Sweep blog post)?
Perhaps there is something truly happening here, and these individuals are doing their best to overcome government apathy, or secrecy, to bring it to the public. Or perhaps this is, overall, another disinformation campaign, but the weekend’s news was the ‘gain the trust’ part of it. Either way, we should continue to keep an open mind on the topic, but tread cautiously, as things progress.
Like many of us, Joe Rogan’s opinion about UFOs has changed over time. At the beginning of his career he used to tell jokes about the Roswell crash, back when he was also into the Apollo lunar conspiracies. Then his friend Neil deGrasse Tyson convinced him the lunar landings were legit, and Rogan swinged hard into “Big-S skeptic mode” when he starred in the SyFy showJoe Rogan Questions Everything, and made fun of both Squatchers and the “giant bulletproof wolves” of Skinwalker ranch.
Now it seems powerful Joe is swinging back into thinking that maybe not everything is ‘fuckery’ when it comes to unidentified flying objects. On April 5 Joe shared on his Facebook wall he had just watched Jeremy Corbell’s very popular documentary Bob Lazar, Area 51 & Flying Saucers –currently ranking as #6 of the top documentary films on iTunes— and gave a rather surprising positive review of it:
Very, very interesting. I have a love/hate relationship with UFO stories and conspiracy theories but this was some really compelling shit. To answer the obvious question, yeah I was high. I feel like watching a documentary on UFOs narrated by Mickey Rourke without getting high first would be disrespectful.
The good impression he had of the Lazar documentary has been recently shared on multiple times with his guests and audience at The Joe Rogan Experience (ranking #3 in the top podcasts of the iTunes chart):
Corbell is understandably excited and flattered at the unsought attention he’s receiving from one of the most influencing Internet personalities in the world, and is asking his followers to kickstart an informal campaign to see if he can get to be invited to the JRE, even hinting at the possibility that he could convince Bob Lazar himself to join him –which is kind of strange, considering how Lazar has a well-established reputation of being incredibly camera-shy and aversive to grant interviews, so the idea that he would be willing to be the guest of a live-streamed show would be uncharacteristic of him, to say the least…
Credit where credit is due, the fact that Joe found Jeremy’s film compelling should be commended, and is no doubt evidence that it is a well-produced documentary (for the record, I have yet to watch the film myself). I’ve already commented on multiple occasions my take on the Lazar case, so I’ll also refrain from Fortsplaining why I don’t agree with some of Joe’s opinion; I’ll just mention that saying “scientists didn’t know about element 115” back in the 80’s might not be exactly accurate. Some scientists have a very good idea of the things they don’t know, and even before the official discovery of Moscovium (the official name of element 115) physicists had predicted an ‘island of stability’ in the periodic chart of elements decades before Lazar became the ‘cosmic whistleblower’ and the American public learned about Area 51 –and again, years before Lazar gave that historic interview with George Knapp, local reporters and investigative reporters were covering the Air Force’s grab of the public lands surrounding the Groom Lake testing site, so even though ‘Dreamland’ hadn’t yet entered the pop culture lexicon, it’s actual existence wasn’t that much of a secret and Lazar wasn’t certainly the first one to reveal it.
“I’m too stupid to understand the science,” Joe says in one of the clips, admitting he’s not equipped to know whether Lazar’s claims of antigravity propulsion are actually plausible or pure BS. Rogan’s evident curiosity on a variety of diverse topics has always been a tell-tale sign of his underestimated intellect, so I think he would do fine if he actually had the opportunity to talk with Bob Lazar. When it comes to UFOlogical guests, unfortunately, The Joe Rogan Experience doesn’t exactly have the greatest of track records –e.g. Dr. Steven Greer and Tom DeLonge— which may or may not have influenced why Joe ended up dismissing the topic of UFOs for so long –my money is on the latter.
So even Corbell by his own and without Bob would definitely be an improvement; even though I stand by my opinion that he sought too hard to embed himself into the Bob Lazar saga, and doesn’t show proper objectivity when it comes to responding to the valid criticism the story has generated over the years. But personally, I’d much rather see Whitley Strieber and Jeffrey Kripal sit at the table of Joe’s studio, as was suggested by Dennis McKenna –a man he deeply respects– but I’m fully aware the high strangeness involved in Strieber’s experiences, and Kripal’s academic take on them are not as ‘sexy’ and approachable as tales of back-engineered alien technology.
Then again, after the JRE had Alex Jones rambling for almost five hours about the “globalist conspiracy to steal humanity’s soul via the psychedelic-enable psychic downloads of blueprints provided by deceptive interdimensional aliens,” maybe Joe is in need to upgrade from UFOlogy 101 once and for all, and talk to the kind of people who are proposing alternatives to the Extraterrestrial Hypothesis –someone who, unlike Jones, doesn’t go ‘from zero to tinfoil’ in less than 60 seconds.
Asteroids tend to be either rocky or metallic. This week, scientists said they think metallic – orM-type– asteroids started out as blobs of molten iron floating in space. A new study says that, as the metal cooled and solidified, volcanoes of molten iron might have erupted through the asteroids’ solid iron crust. The study waspublishedApril 8, 2019, in the peer-reviewed journal Geophysical Research Letters. It was prompted in part by NASA’s upcomingmissionto asteroidPsyche, which is the largest metallic asteroid in the solar system.
Although metallic asteroids have been detected in the asteroid belt orbiting the sun between Mars and Jupiter, astronomers say their understanding of these asteroids’ surfaces is “limited.” The first detailed images will come from the Psyche spacecraft, scheduled to launch in 2022 and reach the asteroid four years later. The researchers said the mission could look for signs of past eruptions – evidence of what they call ferrovolcanism (ferro means containing iron) – such as variations in the color or composition of material on the surface, and possibly features that look like volcanic vents. These scientists said they aren’t sure what iron volcanoes on metal asteroids would look like. Large volcanic cones, like we see here on Earth, are probably unlikely, said the researchers. Because metallic asteroids would have solidified fairly quickly after their formation, there have been billions of years for any surface features of volcanism to be degraded.
The scientists also said evidence for ferrovolcanism might turn up in the study of iron meteorites in collections here on Earth. Francis Nimmo, a planetary scientist at University of California Santa Cruz, is the new study’s lead author. He commented:
There are lots of these metallic meteorites, and now that we know what we’re looking for, we might find evidence of volcanism in them. If material got erupted onto the surface, it would cool very fast, which would be reflected in the composition of the meteorite. And it might have holes in it left by escaping gas.
Animation of spacecraft flying around asteroid Psyche.
Via NASA.
Nimmo said he was interested in the composition of metallic asteroids when he asked graduate student Jacob Abrahams to work on some simple models of how the asteroids cooled and solidified. Nimmo said in a statement:
One day he turned to me and said, ‘I think these things are going to erupt.’ I’d never thought about it before, but it makes sense because you have a buoyant liquid beneath a dense crust, so the liquid wants to come up to the top.
Researchers believe that metallic asteroids originated early in the history of our solar system when newly-forming protoplanets collided and were stripped of their rocky outer layers, leaving just the molten, iron-rich core. In the cold of space, this blob of liquid metal would quickly begin to cool and solidify. Nimmo explained:
In some cases it would crystallize from the center out and wouldn’t have volcanism, but some would crystallize from the top down, so you’d get a solid sheet of metal on the surface with liquid metal underneath.
Bottom line: Volcanoes spewing molten iron might have erupted onto the surface of asteroids known as metallic asteroids, according to a new study.
Graham Hancock ontmaskert cover-up rond geavanceerde beschavingen in Amerika. Dit heeft men al die tijd verborgen proberen te houden
Graham Hancock ontmaskert cover-up rond geavanceerde beschavingen in Amerika. Dit heeft men al die tijd verborgen proberen te houden
Archeologie is erg dogmatisch. Zo werd bijvoorbeeld meer dan 50 jaar vastgehouden aan het dogmatische denkbeeld dat de eerste mensen zo’n 13.400 jaar geleden in Amerika verschenen, zegt schrijver Graham Hancock in het programma Going Underground.
“Dit was een doctrine,” merkt hij op.
Iedere archeoloog die op resten stuitte die ouder waren dan 13.400 jaar, werd helemaal afgefakkeld, aldus Hancock.
Verbannen
De archeologische gemeenschap stortte zich als een groep hyena’s op zo’n archeoloog en maakte zijn of haar carrière helemaal kapot, licht hij toe.
De afgelopen 50 jaar werd bewijs waaruit bleek dat mensen al veel eerder in Amerika leefden, gewoonweg genegeerd.
Onderzoekers die het toch probeerden aan te tonen, kregen geen geld voor onderzoek en werden verbannen uit de wetenschappelijke gemeenschap, legt Hancock uit.
Bakermat
“We weten nu dat mensen Amerika al vele tienduizenden jaren bewonen,” zegt hij. “Waarschijnlijk al meer dan 100.000 jaar.”
Naar deze periode wordt pas sinds kort onderzoek gedaan, merkt de schrijver op.
Archeologen zien Mesopotamië als de bakermat van onze beschaving, maar daar begint volgens Hancock verandering in te komen.
Nog oudere beschaving
Er komt steeds meer bewijs dat er al veel eerder geavanceerde beschavingen waren op aarde, bijvoorbeeld in Göbekli Tepe in Turkije.
En die beschavingen werden weer voorafgegaan door een nog oudere hoogontwikkelde beschaving, benadrukt Hancock.
Dit heeft men al die tijd verborgen proberen te houden.
The late Arizona Senator John McCain had an interest in UFOs, according to a former colleague, continuing a tradition among former politicians from the state who shared an interest in the UFO subject.
According to former Senate Democratic leader Harry Reid, the late firebrand politician and political “Maverick”, as he was often called, also had an interest in the study of unusual things in our skies.
“Sure, John knew what I was doing… He didn’t hide the fact that he was interested also,” Reid said in a recent interview with KLAS-TV.
This isn’t news to many who have followed the ongoing inquiries into the Pentagon’s Advanced Aerospace Threat (and) Identification Program (AATIP). In one of the most recent FOIA releases about the program, John McCain was mentioned in relation to a Senate inquiry about AATIP at that time, which included a synopsis of articles and research materials pertaining to advanced physics projects.
The Pentagon program was formerly headed by Luis Elizondo, now an employee with Tom DeLonge’s To The Stars Academy. Elizondo announced at a conference in Alabama last month, in association with the Scientific Coalition for Ufology, that he would be appearing in a forthcoming television series on History Channel.
As far as Reid’s statement that McCain didn’t hide his interest in the UFO subject, there were indeed other instances from over the years where the late Arizona Senator discussed the possibility of “unknowns.” As far back as February 2000, McCain was apparently asked during a press conference about a then-pending lawsuit by attorney Peter Gersten, aimed at obtaining information from the U.S. Military pertaining to UFOs.
McCain giving a speech at the Pentagon in 1997, just months after the Phoenix Lights Incident.
“It’s always of great interest to me,” McCain said when asked specifically about whether UFOs and possible denial of information about them by the military were of interest to him. Although there was some laughter in the press room at the time, McCain continued:
“I think it’s of great interest. I would point out to you that there was a case a couple of years ago in Arizona, of some lights that were seen over Arizona, and that has never been fully explained.”
McCain was referencing the famous Phoenix Lights case, an incident involving lights which have been variously interpreted as flares from military aircraft during training operations, to a series of unidentified lights oriented in a large, triangle formation. Among the witnesses to this event had been then Arizona Governor Fife Symington, who infamously poked fun at the incident in a press conference shortly after the objects were seen. Many years later, he came forward and discussed his own sighting of the lights, which he believed were attached to a larger, triangular object “with a distinct leading edge.”
One explanation for the incident, as suggested above, had been the presence of a group of A-10 Warthogs conducting a training exercise over the Barry Goldwater Range on March 13, 1997. This Air Force bombing range, as the name would suggest, commemorates John McCain’s predecessor, Senator Barry Goldwater who, like McCain, had also been a one-time contender for the U.S. Presidency, as well as a public proponent of there being a reality behind UFOs.
On another occasion, McCain was asked by Chris Wallace of Fox News whether he had ever seen a UFO as a pilot during the Vietnam War.
“I can’t say that I did,” McCain told Wallace, “but I kept looking all the time.”
As Grant Cameron points out, McCain’s office had also assisted with obtaining medical records for John Burroughs, one of the witnesses to the 1980 Rendlesham incident in Suffolk, United Kingdom.
In conclusion, John McCain’s interest in UFOs is certainly noteworthy, especially in light of his work as an elected official, and remaining political influence since his passing in August of 2018. However, it’s not particularly surprising that he would have such interests, considering the history of similar interest among politicians from his state, and more importantly, the fact that one of the most notable purported UFO incidents in modern history occurred over Arizona.
It Weighed 1000's Of Tonnes and Yet, It Was Lifted By A 7 Stone Man! Secret Doors in Egypt..
It Weighed 1000's Of Tonnes and Yet, It Was Lifted By A 7 Stone Man! Secret Doors in Egypt...
It Weighed 1000′s Of Tonnes and Yet, It Was Lifted By A 7 Stone Man! Secret Doors in Egypt.. Watch the videos.
The tonne, commonly referred to as the metric ton in the United States and Canada, is a non-SI metric unit of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms or one megagram. It is equivalent to approximately 2,204.6 pounds, 1.102 short tons or 0.984 long tons.
Egypt, a country linking northeast Africa with the Middle East, dates to the time of the pharaohs. Millennia-old monuments sit along the fertile Nile River Valley, including Giza’s colossal Pyramids and Great Sphinx as well as Luxor’s hieroglyph-lined Karnak Temple and Valley of the Kings tombs. The capital, Cairo, is home to Ottoman landmarks like Muhammad Ali Mosque and the Egyptian Museum, a trove of antiquities.
I found this face on Mars way back in 1975 when I was in the 1st grade library in Silicon Valley, California. I thought it would be fun to take a closer look at it with todays photo software to add focus and contrast to it. It was obvious that NASA over exposed this photo on purpose to keep a lot of details secret.
I was amazed when I found that the face at Cydonia has a third eye. Yeah, thats right. I'm 100% serious about this. There is a half dome that is dark tinted in a third eye position on the forehead of the face.
I also discovered that there is a dark tower on the lower right area of the chin of the face. The dark tower is made from the non reflective black color substance that I have said was one of three of the most common colors of structures that I find.
Another interesting fact about the face at Cydonia is that the left side of the face has caved in. Its obvious that the face once had a huge hollow space within it and the left side shows some serous broken cliffs that probably crashed down during Mars earthquakes over the last few million years. Yeah...this face is old. You can see the video I made below to see the cliffs better.
This volcano is famous for its UFO and alien sightings. Volcano Popocatepetl has had hundreds of UFOs recorded around it over the last seven years. I started this site eleven years ago, but started reporting UFOs at that volcano back in nine years ago. I will put my first live cam recording of it at the bottom of this post.
The mouth of the volcano is about 600 meters across. It would take about 15 of these UFOs to make the full 600 meters. So this UFO is about 40 meters in diameter. And the eyewitness saw many of these craft near the volcano, but only reported photos of one. I think thats because the other UFOs were too far away or semi cloaked (transparent) so they were difficult to record. Volcano Popocatepetl is one of the most active alien bases in the world, with UFO sightings recorded there on a weekly basis. The base exists about 4-6km below the ground where they made a large cavern area that is so huge that it has its own weather climate.
Scott C. Waring - UFO researcher
About me:I was born in East Los Angeles, California. Had my first NASA photo discovery in the 1st grade (1975) in Silicon Valley where I discovered the face at Cydonia, Mars in the school library. Stopped till high school, where I began searching for buildings in NASA moon photos and succeeded. Started UFO Sightings Daily site in March 2009 to share things I learned about UFOs. I wrote four books. I graduated with a BA in elementary education from ISU and a Masters in Counseling education from MSU. I met my Taiwanese wife in university and opened an English school in Taiwan where I have lived ever since.
News states:
SAN NICOLÁS DE LOS RANCHOS, Puebla.- An "unidentified flying object" was captured by the journalist Carlos Clemente, during the period of activity of the Popocatépetl volcano, on March 27. The images show the object flying near the fumaroles over 3 kilometers high. To make the shot, the journalist of the team of conductor Jaime Maussan, occupied a camera of 3000 mm. The journalist toured the area impacted by the volcanic activity of "Don Goyo", on March 27; material that would serve for the broadcasts of the "Third Millennium News" programs. "When we were doing a photographic survey in the area near this colossus of fire, in one of our images, the presence of an unidentified flying object was captured in an incidental way, when we were observing, we realized that they were passing by, at high speed, at a distance, objects that we could not identify, however, in this photograph we can clearly grasp how one of these objects moved near the volcano, "explained the journalist during the broadcast of the past 28 and 31 of March. The journalist also stressed: "Without doubt, this is one of the clearest pictures of this type of unidentified flying objects that have been taken in the volcano." The image shows a classic dish with a dome, which even reflects sunlight, flying very close to the height of the crater of this volcano, considered one of the most active in the country.
Below is the video of the same volcano back in 2010 with UFO orbs around it on live cam.
Open Minds UFO Radio: Danny Silva runs the website SilvaRecord.com where he covers UFO news and information. He focuses on developments and information related to UFOs. He focuses on the work of the DoD’s Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP), and the To the Stars Academy (TTSA). With all of the information coming out about UFO investigations related to both of these groups, Danny has done a great job keeping people appraised of news on these projects others have missed.
The AZURE mission successfully launched back-to-back aboard two sounding rockets in Norway tonight. These colorful clouds created a light show in the sky, helping researchers track the flow of neutral and charged particles in Earth's ionosphere. Details: https://go.nasa.gov/2oJGOtz.
NASA has quelled fears of an alien invasion after strange pulsating lights were spotted over the Arctic.
Frightening videos show glowing clouds shimmering over northern Sweden that some online commenters claimed was a UFO light show.
TWITTER/ADPHOTOGRAPHY24
This bizarre light show was triggered by a pair of experimental Nasa rockets
But the space conundrum has a far simpler explanation.
A pair of specially-designed rockets launched by Nasa last week released colourful chemicals into the sky.
Fired from a base in Finland, the rockets were the first of eight planned launches from the Auroral Zone Upwelling Rocket Experiment, or AZURE.
It aims to help Nasa understand the Northern Lights and the role they play in Earth's energy systems.
Travelling 200 miles to their target, the rockets released their payload in the sky during a real aurora to track how particles flow through Earth's atmosphere.
It is thought that the movement of energetic particles through a layer of the atmosphere called the ionosphere is what causes the Northern Lights.
Once released from the rockets, the gas fell and ionised to produce clouds of colour that gave scientists an idea of the movement of particles.
It also gave onlookers on the ground a great view, and many of them posted clips tosocial media.
Some were left a little confused by the experiment, which made it look like an advanced race had made its way to our planet.
"Residents for hundreds of miles were taken by surprise by these strange lights," according to Chris Nation, who runs the Aurora Addicts guiding service.
"The lights prompted calls to the police and ‘The aliens are coming!’ hysteria!"
Alien hunter Scott C Waring, who runs the crackpot site UFO Sightings Daily, said: "A person walked out onto their patio and expected to see the aurora borealis, but instead caught sight of a UFO fleet coming in for a landing as they entered an underground base."
TWITTER/ADPHOTOGRAPHY24
The colourful streaks gradually fade away over time
Nasa scientists hope the experiments will help them better understand how the Northern Lights appear in the sky.
"By tracking the movement of these colorful clouds via ground-based photography and triangulating their moment-by-moment position in three dimensions, AZURE will provide valuable data on the vertical and horizontal flow of particles," explained Miles Hatfield from Nasa’s Goddard Space Center in the US.
"Such measurements are critical if we are to truly understand the effects of the mysterious yet beautiful aurora."
"The results will be key to a better understanding of the effects of auroral forcing on the atmosphere, including how and where the auroral energy is deposited."
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The cave where the fossils which may belong to a new hominin species were found.
Credit: CALLAO CAVE ARCHAEOLOGY PROJECT.
In a cave on a small island in the Philippines, scientists have found evidence of a new species of humans that lived at least 50,000 years ago. They called it Homo luzonensis, after the island of Luzon where the remains were found. These hominins were very short in stature, comparable to Homo floresiensis, nicknamed “hobbits”, which lived on the nearby Indonesian island called Flores. If the species is confirmed by DNA analysis, the findings will not only enrich the human family tree but also complicate the story of human migration and evolution in Asia.
Another one?
The fossils from the island of Luzon were excavated during three expeditions in 2007, 2011, and 2015. Inside the island’s Callao cave, researchers found seven teeth (five from the same individual), two finger bones, two toe bones, and an upper leg bone. All were dated as being at least 50,000 years old by radiocarbon decay analysis. These fossils were found alongside those of butchered animals, suggesting that the cave’s inhabitants were at least sophisticated enough to devise cutting tools and rafts to reach the island from the mainland.
Individually, the bones are very similar to other Homo species in terms of shape and size. However, taken together, they reveal a combination of features that no other hominin shared. Homo luzonensis‘ molars were very small, even smaller than the hobbits. The premolars were relatively large, however, and had up to three roots rather than one — a feature shared by Homo erectus. The finger and toe bones were curved, suggesting tree-climbing ability that is more reminiscent of hominids living two million years ago in Africa.
Five fossil teeth from the same individual have unusual features that helped researchers determine that they might be dealing with a new species of human.
Credit: CALLAO CAVE ARCHAEOLOGY PROJECT.
These findings suggest that the landscape occupied by our species was once quite crowded. We now know that Homo sapiens were contemporaries not only with their famous cousins, the Neanderthals, but also with Homo floresiensis, the Denisovans (a species that lived around a cave in the Altai Mountains of western Siberia), and now this fifth species, Homo luzonensis. This dramatically complicates the story of human migration into Asia suggesting that several human lineages had already occupied East Asia by the time the first modern humans reached China as early as 80,000 years ago.
A Homo luzonensis toe bone, showing the longitudinal curve.
Credit: CALLAO CAVE ARCHAEOLOGY PROJECT.
Homo luzonensis was typically around 30 to 50 kilograms, stood 1 to 1.5 meters tall, and had brains around one-third the size of our own. Just like the hobbits on Flores, Homo luzonensis may be descendants of Homo erectus populations that crossed the sea from mainland Asia to Luzon. The small body and unusual skeletal traits may have been adaptations pressured by island dwarfing — a process whereby some creatures confined to isolated habitats such as islands are known to have become smaller over time due to limited resources and ecology.
Digital reconstruction of homo floresiensis, nicknamed ‘the hobbit’.
Credit: Wikimedia Commons.
It’s not clear yet if we’re dealing with a new species at all. The team of researchers, led by Florent Détroit of the Musée de l’Homme in Paris, was unable to extract DNA from the fossils. Until a proper DNA analysis confirms the distinct lineage, Homo luzonensis’ inclusion in the human family tree remains questionable. For instance, the fossils might belong to hybrids — the products of interbreeding between two or more earlier Homo species. Or perhaps Homo erectus populations that arrived at Luzon simply acquired some traits that made them more adapted to their environment, rather than speciating.
The findings are still incredibly exciting, nevertheless. It’s amazing to hear that our species lived at the same time as four other human lineages and perhaps interacted with them. What a sight that must have been to behold.
Three items that cast doubt on the study used to close Project Blue Book
Three items that cast doubt on the study used to close Project Blue Book
Why it’s legit to doubt the University of Colorado UFO study that shuttered Project Blue Book
Alejandro Rojas
In 1947, a U.S. Air Force (USAF)inquiry into “flying saucers” determined the phenomenon to be “something real and not visionary or fictitious.” This inquiry was the impetus for official UFO studies conducted by the USAF from 1947 to 1969. Although the USAF begrudgingly took on this task, public interest helped keep their UFO projects alive.
In December 1969, the USAF finally got out of the UFO business. A document titled The U.S. Air Force Fact Sheet Concerning UFO's and Project BLUE BOOK that can be found on the National Archive’s website states:
“The decision to discontinue UFO investigations was based on an evaluation of a report prepared by the University of Colorado entitled, "Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects;" a review of the University of Colorado's report by the National Academy of Sciences; past UFO studies and Air Force experience investigating UFO reports during the 40s, '50s, and ‘60s.
As a result of these investigations and studies and experience gained from investigating UFO reports since 1948, the conclusions of Project BLUE BOOK are:(1) no UFO reported, investigated, and evaluated by the Air Force has ever given any indication of threat to our national security;(2) there has been no evidence submitted to or discovered by the Air Force that sightings categorized as "unidentified" represent technological developments or principles beyond the range of present-day scientific knowledge; and(3) there has been no evidence indicating that sightings categorized as "unidentified" are extraterrestrial vehicles.”
Edward Condon, a well-regarded physicist, headed the University of Colorado’s UFO study. Many refer to the study as the Condon Report.
For the media and the scientific community, the study has been enough to write off the entire subject and move on. Recently it has been revealed by the New York Times that the Pentagon has a secret UFO study that allegedly continues to this day. However, it has been questioned whether or not this is a waste of time, because we already looked into UFOs for decades and found there was nothing to it.
The problem with this thinking is it assumes the University of Colorado’s study was universally accepted. However, it was not.
Critics
One of the leading critics of the study was Dr. J. Allen Hynek (seen above). Hynek was a professor of astronomy who served as a consultant for the USAF UFO studies from 1948 to 1969. When he began working with the USAF, he had said he felt the whole UFO phenomenon was “utterly ridiculous.” However, he later changed his mind and spent the rest of his life researching the subject.
As for the University of Colorado’s study, in his book The Hynek UFO Report, Hynek states, “if one goes past Dr. Condon’s summary…one will probably find the Condon Report to be a powerful document in favor of the reality of the UFO phenomenon.” In his book, The UFO Experience, A Scientific Inquiry, he wrote that the report "avoided mentioning that there was embedded within the bowels of the report a remaining mystery; that the committee had been unable to furnish adequate explanations for more than a quarter of the cases examined.”
Hynek also notes in The Hynek UFO Report, that the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) reviewed the document as well and came up with a similar conclusion. The AIAA stressed that it is essential to read the entire study, not just the many summaries available because opposing views were shard, and Condon’s often sighted summary contained more of his “personal opinion.” They wrote, “the [AIAA] UFO Sub-Committee did not find a basis in the report for his prediction that ‘nothing of scientific value will come of further studies.’”
France’s GEIPAN
Another person of importance who agreed with these critics was an engineer for France’s National Centre for Space Studies (CNES), Claude Poher - the CNES is the equivalent of NASA in the U.S. Poher read a copy of the Condon Report, but he had a much different reaction to the case studies than Condon. To Poher, the Condon report demonstrated there was something to the UFO phenomenon.
Poher was so inspired by what he read that he went to his superiors and was able to convince them to create a UFO study group within CNES. In 1977, the study group was made permanent under the name Groupement d’Etude des Phénomènes Aérospatiaux Non-identifiés (GEPAN). Although the group has changed in size and scope over the years, it still exists to this day as the Groupe d ’Études et d ’Information sur les Phénomènes Aérospatiaux Non identifiés (GEIPAN). It is one of the few public official government UFO organizations in existence.
While the Condon Report was used to close Project Blue Book in the U.S., it inspired the creation of GEIPAN in France.
The Low Memo
As can be seen by the response of critics, upon reading the Condon Report, many feel the summary provided at the beginning by Condon does not reflect the body of the report. Some had questioned whether Condon had read the report at all, or if he had made his conclusion before the report was started. In 1967, while the study was underway, evidence was leaked that supported this point of view.
Dr. James McDonald, a senior physicist at the Institute for Atmospheric Physics and a professor at the University of Arizona, was leaked a memo from individuals within the Condon Committee. McDonald was an advocate for the scientific investigation of UFOs, so the leakers knew they would find with him a sympathetic ear. The committee members leaked the memo because they felt there was a preconceived bias to the study.
University of Colorado administrator Robert Low wrote the memo in the summer of 1966 while the University was negotiating with the USAF and considering whether they would take on the project. The memo was sent to a couple of his fellow University of Colorado administrators reassuring them that the study would be sure not to discover anything controversial.
It read:
“Our study would be conducted almost entirely by non-believers who, though they couldn't possibly prove a negative result, could and probably would add an impressive body of thick evidence that there is no reality to the observations. The trick would be, I think, to describe the project so that, to the public, it would appear a totally objective study but, to the scientific community, would present the image of a group of non-believers trying their best to be objective but having an almost zero expectation of finding a saucer.”
Many of the UFO organizations cooperating with the study ended their participation when the memo was leaked. However, skeptics had claimed that Condon had not seen the memo before it was leaked, and thus it had no impact on the study. The leakers had sent the memo to McDonald because they felt differently.
After the memo’s release, the leakers were discovered and removed from their participation in the Codon Committee.
Much has been written about the Condon Report, and often when researchers - including myself - inquire about USAF or other government involvement in UFO studies, they are sent the USAF Fact Sheet referenced above. This has been the case for decades. Little did we know the Pentagon has had a secretive UFO research group since 2007. Senator Reid, who secured the funding for the Pentagon UFO project, claims he believes other UFO projects exist that remain secret.
Pointing to the Condon Report as evidence that there is no reason to investigate the UFO phenomenon may not be as strong an argument as it appears at first glance. Apparently, the Pentagon, and potentially other government entities, also seem to have found reasons to take the matter seriously and allegedly continue to investigate the phenomenon behind closed doors.
"We were on the beach, my boyfriend and I, and saw two bright orange/red lights far on the other end of the beach," ufomystery123 posted to Reddit.
"In a matter of seconds, one of the lights started moving at full speed, in a straight line, no more that 200m above the water until directly in front of us.
"The UFO had changed from having a red light to a bright white light, somewhat like a torch, shining directly at us."
After two minutes the strange object moved away, flying "incredibly fast and with perfect precision" until it disappeared. But this wasn't the end to the strange occurrences.
"We were lying down looking at the stars for a while and then stood up to leave, before realizing there were five surrounding us in different areas of the beach," they posted.
"One of them was flying up and down and another from side to side. The others were just still switching between red and white spotlights.
"This was when we decided to leave, scared shitless."
They fled the beach but couldn't escape the lights. Looking at the sky from Titirangi they saw the lights flying away "like a plane".
They've posted to social media asking if anyone has heard of any UFOs similar to this, or seen any around New Zealand.
One reply suggest a more prosaic answer - "inflatable sports equipment and coloured lights".
"What you saw was a couple of beach ball with LED inside," one user commented.
"There's been a number of sightings recently that have been confirmed to be beach ball with LED."
Other answers included Chinese lanterns or meteorological equipment.
"The flash of light you saw in the sky was not a UFO. Swamp gas from a weather balloon was trapped in a thermal pocket and reflected the light from Venus," one person said.
But others believe it is evidence of something unexplainable - and possibly something not human.
"I've seen the same UFOs at Whatipu about a month ago which is next beach down basically. Strait up [sic]," said one person.
"They didn't come up close to me but they were flying around over the water quite low and at a decent but not super-fast speed.
"I didn't actually think much of it but they were a red/orange colour which I thought was strange. Three or four of them."
TV producer sues ‘CIA scientist’ in bid to expose ‘government UFO cover up’ and blows whistle on mysterious anti-gravity research project
TV producer sues ‘CIA scientist’ in bid to expose ‘government UFO cover up’ and blows whistle on mysterious anti-gravity research project
Robert Kiviat, who worked at a company which is developing an anti-gravity machine, says he wasn't paid for over a year - and believes the CIA may have deliberately tried to sabotage the project
EXCLUSIVE
By Emma Parry, Digital US Correspondent
A TV producer has launched a lawsuit in a bid to end what he calls a "UFO cover up" within the US government and blow the whistle on a project to develop anti-gravity technology.
Robert Kiviat, who has produced hit TV shows on UFOs and the unexplained, has filed a lawsuit in California against CIA scientist Ron Pandolfi, who ran the CIA’s “Weird Desk” and his former employer InterNASA.
ROBERT KIVIAT
Robert Kiviat is hoping to expose the government's UFO secrets with his lawsuit
Kiviat is seeking $300,000 (around £229,530) in unpaid salary he says InterNASA - the advanced physics research firm backed by Pandolfi and the CIA - owed him, according to his lawsuit filed in Orange County, California.
He also hopes his legal action will allow him to expose the inner workings of the CIA's alleged "disinformation" schemes he says are designed to influence and confuse the public about UFOs by manipulating researchers.
He told Sun Online: “Not only am I seeking to be paid for what I am owed legally for my dedicated efforts, but the suit has the added value of exposing the way the US intelligence agencies have manipulated the UFO community and overall, the general public for years.
"And to put it mildly, it stinks, many good people have been damaged and it has to stop.”
Kiviat, who lives in Los Angeles, first joined InterNASA in January 2018 - after their chief executive Joe Firmage told him that they had secured funding and CIA backing for his research into an anti-gravity machine.
The research could revolutionise space travel - but many believe the US government has already developed similar technologies by reverse engineering alien spacecraft it has intercepted or recovered.
INTERNASA
InterNASA believes its technology could "power the new space age"
Some believe the US government has developed anti-gravity technology by reverse engineering alien craft
Kiviat was tasked with overseeing the firm's news and entertainment arm InterNASA Studios, which aimed to prove to the public that gravity-control exists.
He says he performed multiple tasks for InterNASA and was told he was working for both Firmage and CIA operative Pandolfi
So far he has only been paid $5,000 - a fraction of the $300,000 he is owed - and he believes that there may never have been any intention to pay him or make the research company a success.
Hitting back, Firmage claimed that Kiviat was not paid because he had not delivered his side of the contract. He said he planned to fight the lawsuit and dismissed his other claims as "ludicrous".
Kiviat also believes that Pandolfi may have been "spying" on the technology they had developed - or was even trying to sabotage the company - in a bid to protect the government's own top secret anti-gravity technology.
Kiviat, who has produced shows for Fox and NBC Universal's Syfy channel, says that he began to suspect that Pandolfi was trying to sabotage the company's work around six months into the project - when meetings which had been set would be cancelled at the last minute and there would be issues with potential investors.
He recalls being told that a major meeting – or “gravity control” demonstration – was being planned with Pandolfi’s assistance in Colorado. But the meeting abruptly was cancelled with little explanation.
Kiviat was then informed the company was going “dark” to work on the machine without distraction but that he would get paid last - after the technicians and others working on the device.
GETTY
The CIA's "Weird Desk" is believed to investigate UFOs and other unexplained phenomena
InterNASA claim their research may allow us to travel to the moon in five minutes, on promotional video on their website
Finally he had enough and launched his lawsuit last month.
"The government loves to play with UFO-interested people mostly because they want to keep a close handle on how much we know about UFOs," he said.
"They don't want us to know too much so they'll give a little bit of information and then pull it back.
"I believe there is a UFO cover up and there is a UFO de-sensitisation issue.
"When InterNASA decided in their infinite stupidity not to get me paid, they opened up the door for me as a journalist to sue them for my salary arrears - and when this goes to trial, which it probably will, I'll be able to put some of these official figures like Pandolfi on the stand, under oath and finally get to the bottom of the UFO cover up - if there is one.
"I had to give up my Hollywood career to go and work for these people, I worked sometimes 15 hour days on the phone back and forth - and it took time away from my career and it hurt me and my family.
"Once I realised they were going to treat me like that I thought about all the other people they have treated this way and I discovered throughout history, a litany of people that have been hurt, abused and affected with these kind of schemes.
"The government even has a name for it - it's called a 'fly trap', where they pull people in and take advantage of people's work and their research.
"I want this lawsuit to blow the lid open on whether or not extra-terrestrial beings have visited Earth and if the US government has tried to keep this secret hidden from the US public."
Kiviat is seeking donations for his lawsuit through via his Gofundme page.
Sun Online reached out to Ron Pandolfi for comment and received no response.
Une étrange anomalie magnétique détectée sur la Lune
Une étrange anomalie magnétique détectée sur la Lune
Laurent Sacco - Journaliste
La sonde LRO, dans le cadre d'un programme lancé par le physicien Paul Davies, aurait mis en évidence des structures atypiques dans le cratère Tycho sur la Lune. Ces structures sont liées à une anomalie magnétique tout aussi étrange, ainsi qu'à un mascon.
Premier avril : cet article appartient bien sûr à la noble tradition du poisson d'avril et il est un clin d'œil au mythique 2001, l'Odyssée de l'espace de Stanley Kubrick et Arthur C. Clarke à l'occasion des 50 ans d'Apollo 11. La Nasa n'a bien sûr pas fait la découverte de TMA-1 (AMT-1 en français), c'est-à-dire la Tycho Magnetic Anomaly 1 du roman de Clarke qui signalait la présence du fameux monolithe noir déposé par une civilisation E.T il y a des millions d'années après avoir donné un coup de pouce à l'évolution humaine. Pas d'anomalie magnétique ni de mascon associé en rapport avec des images d'un tel monolithe qui auraient été découverts via les images de LRO par des chercheurs de l'université de l'Antarctique qui n'existe que sur le WWW. Le module israélien n'est pas non plus prévu pour se poser dans le cratère Tycho.
CE QU'IL FAUT RETENIR
La sonde Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) de la Nasa a permis d’obtenir des images spectaculaires de la surface de la Lune qui doivent servir à préparer le retour de l'Homme sur la Lune au cours des années 2020.
Paul Davies a proposé d'utiliser ces images à haute résolution pour chercher d'éventuels artefacts du passage d'une civilisation E.T. il y a des millions d'années.
POUR EN SAVOIR PLUS
Lancée le 18 juin 2009 par un lanceur Atlas V depuis la base Cap Canaveral, la sonde Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) de la Nasa a permis d'obtenir des images spectaculaires de la surface de la Lune, parfois bien plus étonnantes que les vidéos de la sonde japonaise Kaguya de la Jaxa. Équipée de plusieurs instruments dont la Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC), la sonde avait notamment pour but de dresser une carte à haute résolution de la Lune avec une topographie à la précision inégalée. Cette carte devait aider à préparer le retour de l'Homme sur la Lune à l'horizon 2020.
Une collection des images prises par la sonde LRO.
Les résultats obtenus étaient si étonnants qu'ils ont inspiré le physicien Paul Davies, bien connu pour ses travaux sur la théorie quantique des champs appliquée aux trous noirs et à la cosmologieainsi que pour ses réflexions sur la biologie quantique et son implication dans le domaine de l'exobiologie. Comme Futura l'avait expliqué dans le précédent article ci-dessous il y a quelques années, Paul Davies avait publié un article dans lequel il suggérait que le grand public pouvait être mis à contribution, dans l'esprit du programme SETI@home. Il s'agissait de dépouiller les massesd'images fournies par LROC à la recherche de caractéristiques anormales de la surface de notre satellite pouvant laisser penser à la présence d'artefacts d'une civilisation E.T., qui aurait visité notre Système solaire il y a des millions d'années, probablement sous forme de super-IA, attirée par les biosignatures de notre Planète bleue.
Un mascon, un lunar swirl... ou ?
La tâche s'est rapidement révélée trop difficile mais depuis quelques années, grâce aux stupéfiants progrès de l'IA rendus possibles par les tout récents lauréats du Prix Turing, l'équivalent du Prix Nobel en informatique, l'examen des images de LRO a été grandement facilité et c'est la célèbre University of Antarctica qui s'est engagée dans cette aventure avec l'aide de financements d'Elon Musk, Yuri Milner et Monsanto.
On ne connaît pas encore les résultats mais ce que l'on sait par contre, c'est que des membres de l'UANT ont contacté des membres des missions Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (Grail) et Artemis : Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun. Rappelons que ces deux missions ont permis des études fines du champ de gravitéde la Lune ainsi que de son champ magnétique, bien que ce dernier soit très faible.
Quelques sources parmi ces membres, mais voulant garder l'anonymat, ont laissé fuiter quelques informations. Un mascon (pour mass concentration, en anglais) très peu étendu mais avec un champ de gravitation particulièrement élevé aurait été trouvé dans les données de Grail à l'intérieur du cratère Tycho, dans la région où les membres de l'UANT ont suggéré une étude approfondie. Cette anomalie gravitationnelle est d'autant plus étrange que les instruments d'Artemis font également état d'une anomalie magnétique très nettement plus importante que celles déjà étudiées par cette sonde dans le cas des fameux lunar swirls.
Il est difficile et prématuré d'en tirer des conclusions hâtives mais on sait que le module Bereshit(Genèse, en hébreu), lancé le 21 février de la base américaine de Cap Canaveral en Floride par une fusée Falcon 9 de SpaceX, devrait se poser quelque part dans le cratère Tycho ce 11 avril 2019. Une coïncidence ?
Des images à haute résolution de l'intérieur du cratère Tycho.
Le physicien théoricien et exobiologiste Paul Davies, usant de son poids médiatique,veut donner une nouvelle impulsion à une vieille idée : rechercher d'anciennes traces de civilisations E.T. sur la Lune. Et ce, propose-t-il, grâce à la science citoyenne, les internautes scrutant les données de la sonde lunaire LRO.
Paul Davies est très connu dans le monde anglo-saxon, et pas seulement parce qu'il a été, comme Bernard d’Espagnat, le récipiendaire du prix Templeton. Spécialiste de l'effet Hawking, il a écrit de nombreux livres de vulgarisation, allant des fondements de la mécanique quantique à la théorie des supercordes en passant par la cosmologie et l'exobiologie. Il fait partie de ceux qui s'interrogent sur une possible biologie quantique et il a été un des coauteurs de l'article controversé sur les bactéries à l’arsenic.
Depuis longtemps, Davies s'occupe d'exobiologie, ou encore d'astrobiologie comme on le dit dans les pays anglo-saxons. Avec un étudiant, il vient de publier un article qui va certainement faire beaucoup parler de lui sur le Net : Searching for alien artifacts on the moon.
En clair, en complément du programme Seti, des tentatives pour détecter des traces de civilisations extraterrestres en train de construire des stations spatiales ou qui se signaleraient par l'éclairage de leurs villes, Davies et Robert Wagner renouvèlent un concept déjà exploré par un radioastronome ukrainien membre de Seti, Alexey Arkhipov.
Il s'agit de chercher sur la Lune des restes de civilisations extraterrestres, comme des édifices et des mines, laissés il y a peut-être des millions d'années par une mission d'exploration de notre planète.
Une bande annonce de 2001, l'odyssée de l'espace de Clarke et Kubrick mettant en scène le célèbre monolithe noir extraterrestre.
En effet, il est assez improbable que le développement de l'humanité coïncide à seulement quelques milliers d'années près avec celui d'une civilisation E.T. avancée. On peut tenter de se convaincre que le voyage interstellaire est beaucoup plus facile que ce que l'on imagine, par exemple en empruntant des trous de ver ou en dépassant sans vergogne la limite d'Einstein, comme le montrent peut-être les neutrinos transluminiques. Cependant, si une mission d'exploration extraterrestre a effectivement visité notre Système solaire, il est probable que l'événement ait eu lieu il y a des millions voire des centaines de millions d'années.
Pour une telle mission exploratoire, qui serait venue étudier de plus près la biosphère terrestre, le plus logique et le plus commode serait l'installation d'une base lunaire. Or, l'environnement tectoniquement stable et sans érosion de la Lune est bien plus propice que celui de la Terre à la conservation d'artefacts.
Davies propose donc, par exemple, d'utiliser les images à haute résolution de LRO, qui montrent notamment des grottes, pour détecter ces anciennes constructions.
Gare aux interprétations hasardeuses
La résolution des images de la sonde LRO est en effet inférieure au mètre et la base de donnéesdes photos prises donnera à terme une cartographie précise de la Lune. Nul doute que sa mise à disposition sur la toile, avec pour objectif de permettre aux internautes de partir à la chasse à des artefacts E.T., aurait un grand succès. En témoigne la réussite de l'opération lancée lors du projet Stardust. Il s'agissait de permettre aux internautes de travailler comme de vrais chercheurs de la Nasa en repérant des poussières cométaires ou interstellaires capturées par l'aérogel de la sonde.
Malheureusement, il n'y a guère de doute qu'on verrait aussi proliférer des fausses interprétations d'images. Les discussions à propos des images des missions Apollo, la fameuse affaire du visage martien ou celle du vaisseau géant en orbite autour de Mercure illustrent toute l'ampleur des dérives possibles. Peut-être vaudrait-il mieux que ce travail soit effectué par des méthodes informatiques automatisées.
Plus généralement, d'autres techniques d'exploration de la Lune, avec bien sûr une présence humaine permanente, pourraient révéler des surprises.
En tout état de cause, le concept est électrisant et pourrait contribuer à faire comprendre à l'humanité sa vraie place dans le cosmos, indépendamment de son succès. Et, qui sait, peut-être finira-t-on par effectivement découvrir une anomalie magnétique pointant du doigt l'existence d'un monolithe noir enterré dans le sol lunaire, comme dans le roman d'Arthur Clarke, 2001, l'Odyssée de l'espace...
Sur la gauche, le cratère Shorty, vu par LRO, a été visité par les astronautes d'Apollo 17. La photo de droite a été prise du point marqué Color Pan sur l'image de gauche, dans laquelle le rover lunaire (LRV) est représenté par une flèche blanche unique. Les doubles flèches blanches de cette image et, sur celle de droite, le mot trench désignent l'endroit où le fameux sol orange a été découvert. Ce cratère d'impact a environ 19 millions d'années.
Ancient nuclear weapons described in the Mahabharata – an ancient Hindu text that speaks of great destructive power 12,000 years ago. Butdoes it hold up?
Where nuclear weapons detonated in India 12,000 years ago? According to ancient texts, the answer is a resounding ‘yes’. The descriptions of their effects uncannily remind us of modern nuclear weapons. Were ancient nuclear weapons unleashed on humanity 12,000 years ago?
The most famous text, the Sanskrit epic of Ancient India called the Mahabharata says:
A single projectile charged with all the power in the Universe… An incandescent column of smoke and flame as bright as 10,000 suns, rose in all its splendor… It was an unknown weapon, an iron thunderbolt, a gigantic messenger of death which reduced to ashes an entire race. The corpses were so burned as to be unrecognizable. Their hair and nails fell out, pottery broke without any apparent cause, and the birds turned white. After a few hours, all foodstuffs were infected. To escape from this fire, the soldiers threw themselves into the river.
It certainly seems like an ancient description of a nuclear explosion. One must understand, however, there is some question as to whether the text really translates to this (or that these portions are even part of it).
While the folks over at Skeptoid have actually done a pretty thorough job of researching this, we do know that you can find anything you want on the Internet. Is it possible that the translations of the ancient text have been embellished? Or is it likely that debunkers have cherry-picked the evidence to the contrary?
Conspiracy Perhaps?
There are organizations in this world who may actually be striving to cover up the existence of ancient nuclear weapons. The fact that it’s very unlikely humans would have had this technology millennia ago indicates that Ancient Aliens may have brought the technology – and there are plenty out there who want that idea squashed immediately.
So it’s not out of the realm of possibility that the entire thing is made up… but it’s also not out of the realm of possibility that there’s some amount of truth to these writings.
The Mahabharata isn’t the only ancient text that allegedly mentions weapons of incredible scale. In fact, there are some passages in the Bible which speak of weapons of mass destruction according to some.
The destructions of the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah are described in the Bible as having fire raining down on them. The cities were totally destroyed in a short time.
Some Ancient Alien theorists believe the Bible itself is evidence of ancient nuclear weapons, likely unleashed on humanity by aliens.
Mystery or Not?
While all of the different pieces of evidence for India’s ancient nuclear weapons may be weak individually, one cannot ignore their sum as a whole. Consequently, it’s difficult to rule this one as a fake totally.
That being said, however, it’s not possible to know for sure that the ancient texts are talking about ancient nuclear weapons either. This one might be a mystery forever.
What do you think? Did aliens provide nuclear weapons or use them against the human population in ancient times?
Expedition 45/46 commander and retired astronaut Scott Kelly (right), along with his twin brother, retired astronaut Mark Kelly (left), speak to media about the Twins Study and one-year mission. Credit: NASA
In a landmark study, NASA scientists conducted exhaustive tests on Scott Kelly during his grueling 342-day tour aboard the International Space Station in 2015–2016. And they simultaneously monitored his identical twin brother Mark (a retired astronaut who was on Earth at the time), hoping the comparison would reveal new information about the effects of long-term spaceflight on the human body.
The results of the NASA Twins Study, reported Thursday in Science, show Scott Kelly underwent a number of physiological changes—most of which returned to pre-flight status after he returned to Earth. The findings could help inform preparations for future long-term missions, such as travel to Mars or stints on a moon-orbiting space station.
The study was the first to integrate both behavioral analysis and physiology to investigate how space influences a person, and the first to collect two years of such comprehensive health data on a middle-aged Earthbound man, says co-author Brinda Rana, a molecular geneticist at University of California, San Diego.
“[This is] science at its best, in many ways, because it is leveraging something that is naturally occurring to try and understand causality,” says behavioral geneticist S. Alexandra Burt, who co-directs the Michigan State University Twin Registry and was not involved in the study. “I think this was a unique event and they capitalized on it beautifully.”
Kelly says he initially proposed the study while preparing for the ISS mission. “I said, ‘Hey, if anyone asks about any studies planned with my brother Mark and I, because we’re identical twins, is there any interest in that?’” he says. He was initially rebuffed, but he says NASA scientists eventually spoke to several universities “and they found out there was actually a lot of interest.” The Twins Study was a go.
For nearly two years both brothers provided urine, stool and blood samples, which researchers used for 10 separate investigations involving the molecular, physiological and cognitive effects of long-term spaceflight. Close coordination among the many investigators was essential. “NASA got 10 investigators from around the country—most of whom didn’t know each other—and put us in a room and got us to all cooperate and become a cohesive team to carry out this mission,” Rana says. The inherent difficulties of collecting such specimens from an astronaut aboard the ISS meant the investigators had to work with relatively scant material. “We had to come up with protocols where we could all do our studies effectively with one sample,” Rana says. The study also spurred researchers to innovate new methods for studying physiology and genetics in space. “It’s helped us drive technology to do these sorts of experiments not just for low-Earth orbit, but for future activities [such as] exploration missions,” says co-author Stuart Lee, a cardiovascular scientist at KBRwyle.
Kelly had to draw his own blood and collect his own urine and stool. “Certainly it’s more complicated to pee in a bag in space, because everything floats,” he notes. “But most importantly, it takes time. Astronauts sometimes find themselves almost subconsciously trying not to be as hydrated on urine collection days because of the time it takes to pee.” This was reflected in the results: researchers found Kelly was consistently mildly dehydrated, a common phenomenon among astronauts on long-term missions—and scientists do in fact attribute this to astronauts’ annoyance with the complicated onboard lavatory.
The study found Kelly was under near-constant physiological stress while in flight. His immune system was on high alert; he had changes in DNA expression; his carotid artery became distended. He also developed “spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome,” or SANS—a condition that involves changes to his eyes, and for which the cause is poorly understood. And his blood, no longer drawn to his legs by gravity, collected in his head. “In the beginning, it’s the worst,” Kelly says. “Your body adjusts to it over time, but in my experience, it never adjusts completely. I always felt pressure in my head.”
While in flight, Kelly’s telomeres—the protective sequences of repeating nucleotides that “cap” the ends of each chromosome like aglets on a shoelace—grew longer. “That certainly was a surprise, because going into the study we had proposed exactly the opposite,” says Susan Bailey, a biologist at Colorado State University who directed the study’s telomere investigation. Telomeres shorten as we age, and an enzyme called telomerase repairs and lengthens them. Astronauts are exposed to extreme stresses of microgravity, isolation and radiation that should contribute to telomere shortening, Bailey says. She suspects Kelly’s highly regimented diet and exercise program aboard the ISS may have contributed to the lengthening—or that the phenomenon may indicate his cell population was changing during spaceflight. “Going forward, I think we will try to incorporate these telomere endpoints into some of the standard measurements that they’re doing on the astronauts, so that we could actually address that question directly,” she says.
After Kelly returned to Earth, most of the physiological, gene expression and other changes returned to normal within about six months. But there was still a period of adjustment. “When you get back to Earth all the blood just wants to pool in your legs,” he says. “That lasted for me for weeks.” He also developed rashes and hives whenever his skin, which had grown unaccustomed to gravity, had any pressure on it. Even leaning on a table caused a reaction. But he did eventually readjust, a hopeful sign there may be little lasting danger to astronauts’ health after long periods in space. That said, it is important to note that traveling to Mars or other long-distance explorations presents an additional concern: radiation. Astronauts aboard the ISS are still somewhat protected from cosmic rays by the Earth’s magnetic shield; a Mars mission would expose them to galactic radiation at much higher levels, Lee says.
The study authors caution that given the extremely small sample size, it is “impossible to attribute causality.” They write that the study should be “hypothesis-generating and framework-defining,” with future research on astronauts complementing the work. “That’s all true,” Burt says. But she adds that having a genetically identical subject back on Earth allows for assuming causality much more strongly than the study otherwise could have. Kelly agrees: “Granted, this is an experiment with an n of one,” he says. “But they didn’t see anything that would prevent us from going to Mars. However, he adds, “if we’re going to go beyond Mars”—requiring astronauts to stay in microgravity for years on end—“we’re going to have to start thinking about artificial gravity.”
APHet formaat van de gevonden tanden wijst erop dat de Homo luzonensis klein van stuk was.
WETENSCHAPFossiele botten en tanden hebben wetenschappers op het Filipijnse eiland Luzon op het spoor van een nieuwe mensensoort gezet. De resten van de niet eerder ontdekte ‘achterneef’ van de moderne mens zijn naar schatting 50.000 jaar oud. Antropologen hebben de soort Homo luzonensis genoemd, verwijzend naar de plek van de vondst. De ontdekking verschijnt vandaag in het wetenschappelijk tijdschrift Nature.
De wetenschappers denken dat de nieuw ontdekte mens gemiddeld 1,20 meter groot was en dat het een van de eerste menselijke soorten is die rechtop heeft gelopen. Onderzoekers uit Frankrijk, de Filipijnen en Australië vonden de resten, die bijdragen aan een groeiend besef dat de menselijke evolutie niet zo rechtlijnig verliep als werd aangenomen, in de Callao-grot op het eiland. In 2007 werd op hetzelfde eiland een bot van 67.000 jaar oud ontdekt, vermoedelijk van dezelfde soort.
De gangbare gedachte was dat de mens uit één soort is voortgekomen, maar deze vondst lijkt nieuw bewijs voor het tegendeel te leveren, menen de onderzoekers. Ook vragen ze zich af hoe luzonensis op het eiland terecht is gekomen en wie de voorouders van deze mensensoort waren. “Het doet je beseffen dat, hoewel Homo sapiens het nu enige overlevende lid van onze tak van de evolutionaire boom is, we het grootste gedeelte van ons bestaan gezelschap hebben gehad”, zegt Matthew Tocheri. (Lees verder onder de foto)
AFPDe nieuwe soort zou op Luzon hebben gewoond, toen onze soort zich vanuit Afrika over de rest van de wereld verspreidde.
‘Veel interessanter’
De antropoloog van de Lakehead universiteit uit het Canadese Thunder Bay zegt dat de ontdekking het begrip over de menselijke evolutie in Azië er ook veel “rommeliger en ingewikkelder” op maakt. En “veel interessanter”, voegt hij eraan toe. De nieuwe mensensoort zou namelijk op het eiland hebben gewoond toen onze soort zich, zo’n 60.000 jaar geleden, vanuit Afrika over de rest van de wereld verspreidde. Niets wijst erop dat Homo luzonensis ooit een andere soort is tegengekomen.
Luzonensis zou in Azië hebben vertoefd ten tijde van de Neanderthalers, hun Siberische tijdgenoten de Denisovamens en de op het Indonesische eiland Flores levende Floresmens, ook wel “hobbits” genoemd. De grootte en vorm van de gevonden tanden wijken echter af van wat bekend is uit de Homo-familie. Het kleine gebit suggereert dat de soort klein van lijf en leden was, zegt Florent Detroit, een van de betrokken wetenschappers en werkzaam voor het natuurhistorisch museum in Parijs.
AFPAntropologen hebben de soort Homo luzonensis genoemd, verwijzend naar de plek van de vondst: het eiland Luzon.
‘Rook van groter vuur’
Luzonensis gebruikte stenen werktuigen, blijkt ook uit de vondsten. Er zijn overblijfselen van afgeslachte neushoorns gevonden, die dateren van 700.000 jaar terug. Mogelijk bestond de soort toen al, of gaat het om een voorouder ervan. De wetenschapper is niet zeker, maar speculeert dat luzonensis mogelijk afstamt van Homo erectus, een eerder menselijk familielid, en op een of andere manier de zee naar Luzon is overgestoken. Homo sapiens bereikte de Filipijnen pas duizenden jaren na de oorsprong van de botten, weet Detroit.
Van Homo erectus wordt algemeen aangenomen dat het de eerste mensachtige was die zich uitbreidde buiten Afrika. De soort speelt een belangrijke rol in wat we weten over de evolutie buiten het continent. Hoewel het aannemelijk is dat luzonensis afstamt van erectus zou het, volgens Detroit, ook kunnen dat een niet bekende soort vanuit Afrika naar Europa en Azië is getrokken en de voorvader van de eilandbewoners is. De ontdekking op Luzon zou wel eens “de rook van een veel groter vuur” kunnen zijn, betoogt hij.
AFP
Luzonensis gebruikte stenen werktuigen en maakte jacht op neushoorns, zo blijkt uit vondsten.
AP
In de Callao-grot werden eerder al overblijfselen van een onbekende mensensoort gevonden.
FacebookHet moment waarop Katie Bouman de foto van het zwart gat voor het eerst ziet.
WETENSCHAPAmper 29 jaar oud en haar naam staat al onder een van de meest legendarisch foto’s ooit gemaakt: de eerste foto van een zwart gat. Meer zelfs, zonder Katie Bouman, een computerwetenschapper aan het Instituut voor Technologie in de Amerikaanse staat Massachusetts (MIT), had het beeld wellicht niet bestaan.
Eerst dit: gisteren werd voor het eerst een foto van een zwart gat aan de wereld getoond. Dat is bijzonder omdat een zwart gat – of een gebied in de astronomische ruimte waar de zwaartekracht zo sterk is dat niets eruit ontsnapt, zelfs geen licht – vrij abstract is. En hoe maak je in godsnaam een foto van iets dat geen licht uitzendt of terugkaatst?
Algoritme Met acht telescopen verspreid over vier continenten, luidde het antwoord. Én het algoritme dat Bouman drie jaar geleden ontwikkelde, dat ook. Nadat de acht telescopen op exact hetzelfde moment, op exact dezelfde manier beelden maakten van hetzelfde zwart gat in het sterrenstelsel M87, zette het algoritme van Bouman de gegevens om in de historische foto.
De ruwe data die verzameld werd door de telescopen, vulde honderden harde schijven. Pas nadat het algoritme van Bouman daarop werd losgelaten, transformeerde die data tot de foto die (bijna) de hele wereld heeft gezien. Daarover vertelde de computerwetenschapper trouwens al twee jaar geleden tijdens een zogenaamde TED talk waar inspirerende lezingen gegeven worden. Bouman was slechts een doctoraatsstudente, maar vertelde vol passie hoe haar algoritme een foto van een zwart gat zou maken.
Historische vergelijking
Niet veel later dan de feitelijke foto van het zwart gat, ging de naam van Katie Bouman ook viraal. Ze werd door MIT al vergeleken met Margaret Hamilton, eveneens een informaticus aan MIT. Hamilton ontwikkelde de navigatiesoftware aan boord van de maanlander van het Apollo-project in 1961.
MIT CSAIL✔@MIT_CSAIL
Left: MIT computer scientist Katie Bouman w/stacks of hard drives of black hole image data.
Right: MIT computer scientist Margaret Hamilton w/the code she wrote that helped put a man on the moon.
Bouman zelf blijft bescheiden. “Het kwam door met veel verschillende mensen met verschillende achtergronden samen te werken”, zegt ze tegen het Amerikaanse CNN. “Niemand van ons had het alleen kunnen doen.” Ze benadrukt dat de rest van haar team ook niet vergeten mag worden. Tenslotte werkten maar liefst 200 wetenschappers aan de allereerste foto van het zwart gat van M87.
WETENSCHAPIsraël wil als vierde land ooit voet op de maan zetten. De eerste poging om verkenner ‘Beresheet’ op het oppervlak van de maan te laten landen, is echter mislukt. De 585 kilo wegende sonde moet naar verwachting een Israëlische vlag op de maan plaatsen en het magnetische veld onderzoeken. De Israëlische premier Benjamin Netanyahu kwam vanavond in het vluchtleidingscentrum aangekomen om de historische maanlanding op de voet te volgen.
Als het lukt om de sonde op de maan te zetten, is Israël het vierde land dat op de maan weet te landen, na de Sovjet-Unie (1959), de Verenigde Staten (1964) en China (2013). Europa heeft één satelliet in een baan rond de maan gebracht. Die sloeg na bijna drie jaar - volgens plan - te pletter. Maar Europa heeft nog geen sondes op de maan laten landen.
Beresheet is Hebreeuws voor ‘genesis’ of ‘in den beginne’. De sonde is ongeveer zo groot als een wasmachine en weegt 585 kilo. De sonde moest vandaag om 21.25 uur Belgische tijd neerstrijken in de Mare Serinitatis, een uitgestrekte lavavlakte aan “onze” kant van de Maan. Het ruimtevaartuig heeft een tijdcapsule mee, met onder andere de Israëlische vlag en het volkslied, de Thora en het verhaal van een overlever van de holocaust. De maansonde is ontwikkeld door de Israëlische ruimtevaartorganisatie SpaceIL. Het team van SpaceIL zorgt regelmatig voor een update via Twitter. Ook de landing zenden ze live uit.
De landing zelf is de belangrijkste doelstelling van de Beresheet, al voert de onbemande verkenner ook een instrument mee om het magnetisch veld te meten en een Amerikaans experiment om lasers voor ruimtenavigatie te gebruiken. Na enkele dagen op het oppervlak van de Maan zal de sonde de geest geven.
AFPAls het goed is zet deze verkenner vandaag ‘voet‘ op de maan
Israel To The Moon@TeamSpaceIL
For anyone that is still unsure about when the Moon landing process takes place in their country, this site shows at what time it will happen in most of the world's major cities and capitals.
Het totale prijsplaatje van de sonde bedroeg zo’n 84 miljoen euro. En de totale kosten van de expeditie bedragen een slordige honderd miljoen euro. Dat alles werd vooral betaald door de miljardair Morris Kahn (goed voor 27 miljoen dollar) en het bedrijfsleven. Een van de ingenieurs van SpaceIL, Eran Shmidt, stelt dat de belangrijkste missie van de maanlander is om “Israëlische kinderen enthousiast te maken voor de wetenschap”.
Ondanks het grote bedrag zal het toch de goedkoopste maanlanding ooit worden. Ter vergelijking: de kosten van het bemande Apollo-project, waarmee de Amerikaanse ruimtevaartorganisatie NASA in 1968 als eerste een maanlanding met mensen realiseerde, liep op tot meer dan 22 miljard euro. Gecorrigeerd voor inflatie zou dat vandaag 105 miljard euro zijn. Het grootste verschil is het gewicht. Voor het Apollo-project werd een maanlander van 5.560 kilogram de ruimte in geslingerd.
AFP
SpaceX
De lancering van de verkenner eind februari vond plaats vanaf de bekende lanceerbasis Cape Canaveral in de Verenigde Staten. De Beresheet werd vervoerd in een raket van SpaceX, het ruimtevaartbedrijf van zakenman Elon Musk.
AFPEen Falcon 9 raket tijdens de lancering vanaf Cape Canaveral. Aan boord is de Israelische maanlander.
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Fossils of new human species discovered in Philippines cave
Fossils of new human species discovered in Philippines cave
Fossilized bones and teeth suggest a long-lost cousin that scientists dubbed Homo luzonensis.
The excavation crew at the Callao Cave in the north of Luzon Island, in the Philippines, where an international multidisciplinary team discovered a new hominin species, Homo Luzonensis, on Aug. 9, 2011.
Fossil bones and teeth found in the Philippines have revealed a long-lost cousin of modern people, which evidently lived around the time our own species was spreading from Africa to occupy the rest of the world.
It’s yet another reminder that, although Homo sapiens are now the only surviving members of our branch of the evolutionary tree, we’ve had company for most of our existence.
And it makes our understanding of human evolution in Asia “messier, more complicated and whole lot more interesting,” says one expert, Matthew Tocheri of Lakehead University in Thunder Bay, Ontario.
In a study released Wednesday by the journal Nature, scientists describe the cache of seven teeth and six bones from the feet, hands and thigh of at least three members of the species. They were recovered from Callao Cave on the island of Luzon in the northern Philippines in 2007, 2011 and 2015. Tests on two samples show minimum ages of 50,000 years and 67,000 years.
Right upper teeth of an individual of the newly identified species Homo luzonensis, found in Callao Cave in the Philippines.Callao Cave Archaeology Project / Reuters
The main exodus of our own species from Africa that all of today’s non-African people are descended from took place around 60,000 years ago.
An analysis of the bones from Luzon led the study authors to conclude they belonged to a previously unknown member of our “Homo” branch of the family tree. One of the toe bones and the overall pattern of tooth shapes and sizes differ from what’s been seen before in the Homo family, the researchers said.
It apparently used stone tools and its small teeth suggest it might have been rather small-bodied, said one of the study authors, Florent Detroit of the National Museum of Natural History in Paris.
H. luzonensis lived in eastern Asia at around the same time as not only our species but also other members of the Homo branch, including Neanderthals, their little-understood Siberian cousins the Denisovans, and the diminutive “hobbits” of the island of Flores in Indonesia.
There’s no sign that H. luzonensis encountered any other member of the Homo group, Detroit said in an email. Our species isn’t known to have reached the Philippines until thousands of years after the age of the bones, he said.
But some human relative was on Luzon more than 700,000 years ago, as indicated by the presence of stone tools and a butchered rhinoceros dating to that time, he said. It might have been the newfound species or an ancestor of it, he said in an email.
Detroit said it’s not clear how H. luzonensis is related to other Homo species. He speculated that it might have descended from an earlier human relative, Homo erectus, that somehow crossed the sea to Luzon.
H. erectus is generally considered the first Homo species to have expanded beyond Africa, and it plays a prominent role in the conventional wisdom about evolution outside that continent. Some scientists have suggested that the hobbits on the Indonesian island descended from H. erectus.
The first chamber of Callao Cave where fossils of newly identified hominin species Homo luzonensis were discovered on Luzon Island, in the Philippines, on April 10, 2019.Callao Cave Archaeology Project / Reuters
Tocheri, who did not participate in the new report, agreed that both H. luzonensis and the hobbits may have descended from H. erectus. But he said the Philippines discovery gives new credence to an alternate view: Maybe some unknown creature other than H. erectus also slipped out of Africa and into Europe and Asia, and later gave rise to both island species.
After all, he said in an interview, remains of the hobbits and H. luzonensis show a mix of primitive and more modern traits that differ from what’s seen in H. erectus. They look more like what one what might find in Africa 1.5 million to 2.5 million years ago, and which might have been carried out of that continent by the mystery species, he said.
The discovery of the new human relative on Luzon might be “smoke from a much, much bigger fire,” he said.
Michael Petraglia of the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History in Jena, Germany, said the Luzon find “shows we still know very little about human evolution, particularly in Asia.”
More such discoveries will probably emerge with further work in the region, which is understudied, he said in an email.
De mens ontstond niet op één plek. Hier hebben wetenschappers een mysterieuze nieuwe mensensoort ontdekt
De mens ontstond niet op één plek. Hier hebben wetenschappers een mysterieuze nieuwe mensensoort ontdekt
Op het Filipijnse eiland Luzon hebben archeologenresten gevondenvan een niet eerder ontdekte mensensoort, die Homo luzonensis is gedoopt.
Geschat wordt dat de tanden en botten, die in een grot zijn gevonden, zo’n 50.000 jaar oud zijn.
De nieuw ontdekte mens zou gemiddeld 1,2 meter groot zijn geweest en gebruikte stenen werktuigen. De ontdekking is gedaan door wetenschappers uit Frankrijk, Australië en de Filipijnen.
Tegendeel
Er komt steeds meer bewijs dat de menselijke evolutie anders is verlopen dan gedacht. Men heeft altijd aangenomen dat de mens uit één soort is voortgekomen.
Deze vondst is volgens wetenschappers bewijs van het tegendeel. Ze vragen zich onder meer af hoe de mensensoort op het eiland terecht is gekomen en wie zijn voorouders waren.
Dezelfde soort
In 2007 werd op het eiland een 67.000 jaar oud menselijk bot gevonden. Waarschijnlijk was het van dezelfde soort.
Dit is ‘m dan: de allereerste foto van een zwart gat. Astronomen laten het onmogelijke zien
Dit is ‘m dan: de allereerste foto van een zwart gat. Astronomen laten het onmogelijke zien
Voor het eerst is een foto van een zwart gat in de ruimte gemaakt. Zwarte gaten, waarvan het bestaan door Albert Einstein is voorspeld, zijn objecten van extremen. Het zijn overblijfselen van ontplofte sterren.
Als de kern van zo’n ster meer dan ongeveer vijf keer zo zwaar is als de zon, implodeert de kern van de ster uiteindelijk tot een zwart gat.
De massa van een zwart gat is zo sterk samengeperst dat er niets aan zijn enorm hoge aantrekkingskracht ontsnapt, ook licht niet.
En daar is-ie dan: de eerste foto van een zwart gat. Zojuist gepresenteerd in Brussel door onze eigen @hfalcke We zijn enorm trots, ook op alle collega's van @RUastro
Vandaar de naam ‘zwart gat’, want het is optisch niet zichtbaar.
Het ding slokt verder alle materie in de omgeving op waardoor de massa en dus ook zwaartekracht toeneemt.
Zwarte gaten bevinden zich waarschijnlijk in bijna alle sterrenstelsels. Sommige hebben zich verraden doordat zij materie in hun omgeving opslokken.
Supertelescoop
Om een eerste foto te kunnen maken is de internationale Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) opgezet, met inzet van een netwerk van acht radiotelescopen op vier continenten, om een supertelescoop te maken waarvan de diameter zo groot is als die van onze planeet.
De eerste onderzoeksobjecten van de EHT waren het zwarte gat Sagittarius A* in het centrum van de Melkweg op 26.000 lichtjaar, en een nog veel groter exemplaar in het centrum van sterrenstelsel M87 op 50 miljoen lichtjaar.
For those accustomed to short, blurry videos of alleged UFOs with little or no explanation of the location, circumstances, names of witnesses, amounts of adult beverages consumed, etc, a video posted this week of a UFO over Lake Michigan is a breath of fresh air … or at least as fresh as the air might be near a nuclear power plant. That’s just the first piece of data about a mysterious sighting in an area that has a history of UFO sightings, not to mention a legendary place of unexplained disappearances known as the Lake Michigan Triangle. Welcome to Manitowoc, Wisconsin.
“This short film explores witness testimony and video evidence for possibly the biggest UFO story of 2019. Stunning enhanced HD UFO footage, 8-bit granular audio analysis, dramatic recreation and the voices of witnesses take viewers deep into the night of March 24, 2019, when a massive UFO was recorded in the vicinity of a Wisconsin nuclear power plant by a trained observer with some help from his friends. Includes public testimony of U.S. Marine Corps veteran Myles Panosh.”
Newinsideout.com appears to be the exclusive source of this “exclusive short film” (watch it here) about a UFO sighting near the Point Beach Nuclear Plant made by Myles Panosh, who is also described as a UFO researcher, and Jeff Lavicka, who actually recorded the video of the multi-colored lights that they claimed were visible for from about 8:45 pm to about 11:30 pm.
Point Beach Nuclear Plant
“What the videos show include multi-colored lights appearing at the apexes of a seemingly opaque wedge-shaped “Star Destroyer”-like spacecraft attended periodically by additional luminous bodies in flight blinking on and off in the nearby field of view.”
Newinsideout.com names this the “Manitowoc Incident” and compares the lights to a “wedge-shaped “Star Destroyer-like spacecraft”” but does point out that UFO sightings over nuclear plants are common and generally unexplained. What’s more interesting is that it refers to another Lake Michigan UFO incident 25 years ago that the Detroit Free Press brought back recently because it’s still unsolved.
“On March 8, 1994, calls flooded 911 to report strange sightings in the night sky. The reports came in from all walks of life — from police and a meteorologist to residents of Michigan’s many beach resorts. Hundreds of people witnessed what many insisted were UFOs — unidentified flying objects.”
The report details the many sightings over several days that included radar operators who picked up the objects, yet the 25th anniversary came and went without resolution. However, any search of Lake Michigan UFOs will pick up stories about the “Lake Michigan Triangle,” an area whose three points are Manitowoc, Wisconsin, Ludington, Michigan, and Benton Harbor, Michigan, and whose legendary reputation comes from many mysterious events, including the 1891 disappearance of a schooner named the Thomas Hume; the 1921 sinking of the Rosa Belle ship due to a collision, yet there were no other ships in the area; the bizarre 1937 disappearance of a ship’s captain from his cabin that was locked from the inside; and the 1950 disappearance of Northwest Airlines flight 2501, which was carrying 58 people and whose wreckage has never been found — an incident some blame on a UFO.
And now, more UFOs over a nuclear plant.
Newinsideout.com writer Jon Kelly points out that there have been groundwater leaks at the facility and ufologists believe UFOs over plants are manned by benevolent aliens watching to make sure humans don’t do anything stupid. (What are they waiting for? Asking for a friend.) Is the lack of any other coverage of the “Manitowoc Incident” a sign of a government cover-up? Is it another piece of the Lake Michigan Triangle puzzle?
Kudos to Newinsideout.com and the Detroit Free Press for keeping these mysterious sightings and incidents in the news. Will they nudge the powers-that-be to any sort of disclosure?
One of the easiest ways that governments can exert control over us is by withholding information from each and every one of us. A nation of people that is oblivious of facts, data and information – material that we should know about – is a nation which is definitively asleep. A nation wallowing in ignorance. A nation that is controlled. To see how very easy it is to keep us in the dark, take careful note of all the following. We should all be very concerned when it comes to the matter of how easy it is to withhold information that we should know about. It is very important to note that when it comes to the nature of classified information that may be denied to us, there are varying levels of secrecy and classification within numerous agencies and offices of government.
Behind closed doors, a significant amount of thought goes into what specific information should be classified at one particular level vs. another level. The primary issue is to what extent, or whether, such data has a bearing on the national security of the nation. Of course, this inevitably provokes worries that material that we, the public, should have access to may be deliberately placed at higher level of classification than is actually warranted – thus preventing us from seeing certain data that specific agencies and powerful figures have no desire for us to see. And, possibly, for multiple reasons. Then, there are those operations and information that are deemed so sensitive that the fall under a category called Special Access Programs, or SAPs. It is within the domain of SAPs that much of the control of data exists. You will learn more about them, shortly.
Within the United States, issues relative to the nation security of the nation are, essentially, identified by what are known as Executive Orders of the President. As EOs show, in the worlds of government, the military, and the intelligence community there is a trio of particular tiers of secrecy. They are, specifically, Top Secret, Secret, and Confidential. We’ll focus our attention on the most important level of classification – which is, of course, Top Secret. The U.S. Government defines Top Secret in the following fashion: “Top Secret shall be applied to information, the unauthorized disclosure of which reasonably could be expected to cause exceptionally grave damage to the national security that the original classification authority is able to identify or describe.”
As for the Secret level, it is described as any and all data that, if improperly placed into the public domain, or illegally and clandestinely shared with representatives of potentially hostile nations, could cause what is termed “serious damage” to the security of the United States and its people. Confidential is the lowest category of all, but, even so, that does not mean that the material which falls into that category is of little or no consequence. It is still of great significance. Executive Order 13526 – which was passed on December 29, 2009 by President Barack Obama – makes that abundantly apparent. “Significant damage” could be the result of the leaking of Confidential information and files to the likes of North Korea, Russia, Iran, and China.
When it comes to the matter of the specific issues that Executive Order 13526 overseas, it covers, as the U.S. Government carefully notes: “(a) Army, Navy, and Air Force strategies and programs; (b) the current state of U.S. military capabilities; (c) information on overseas – and potentially – enemy nations; (d) the means by which the U.S. Government secures intelligence-based data; € the names and locations of both domestic and foreign covert sources of material; (f) the ways American can defend its nuclear arsenals; and (g) matters relative to one of the biggest, potential problems facing the free world today: weapons of mass destruction.”
Despite what many might assume, it is most certainly not the case that all documentation is eventually placed into the public domain. Yes, massive amounts of once-classified material is routinely released every year – whether by the Government itself, or as a result of Freedom of Information requests from journalists and the public. But, huge numbers of highly classified material never sees the light of day. And, in all likelihood, never will. Executive Order 13526 makes it clear that when it comes to revealing highly classified material via legal means, “the original classification authority shall establish a specific date or event for declassification based on the duration of the national security sensitivity of the information.”
When, on December 29, 2009, President Obama passed EO 13526, he said that, “No information may remain classified indefinitely.” That is true. On certain occasions, however, problems may occur when agency staff cannot fully agree upon which material should be released and when. Under such circumstances, EO 13526 provides the following words: “Information shall be marked for declassification 10 years from the date of the original decision, unless the original classification authority otherwise determines that the sensitivity of the information requires that it be marked for declassification for up to 25 years from the date of the original decision.”
A careful study of Section 3.3 of EO 13526 is critical to understanding the means and ways by which files can be held back from public and media scrutiny. It notes the following: “all classified records that (1) are more than 25 years old and (2) have been determined to have permanent historical value shall be automatically declassified whether or not the records have been reviewed.”
Nevertheless, that twenty-five-years-long period is not the final word on this issue. In fact, quite the opposite is the case. If certain documentation is deemed to be so highly classified, and so important that its release might cause major damage to the security of the United States and its people, then there is a piece of legislation that allows for files, material and data to be withheld, in theory, for many, many years. But, there are ways and means behind this particular legislation.
Within the pages of Executive Order 13526, there is a certain clause which makes it very clear that the final word is not actually the final word, after all. It makes it clear when circumstances dictate it necessary, there are provisions that allow for the continued denial to declassify records – almost forever, even. According to the government’s laws, this continued denial covers a wide variety of areas. They include: “U.S. military technology,” “sources and methods of gathering intelligence data;” “safety issues surrounding the president and his staff;” “plans for war;” and “relations with overseas nations,” whether they are our allies or our potential foes. If such highly-classified information does get leaked into the public domain, then action can be taken via the use of the Espionage Act of 1917 – which I will address in pt. 2 of this article.
On December 7, 1915, then - U.S. President Woodrow Wilson, in his State of Union address, said: “There are citizens of the United States, I blush to admit, born under other flags but welcomed under our generous naturalization laws to the full freedom and opportunity of America, who have poured the poison of disloyalty into the very arteries of our national life; who have sought to bring the authority and good name of our Government into contempt, to destroy our industries wherever they thought it effective for their vindictive purposes to strike at them, and to debase our politics to the uses of foreign intrigue.”
President Wilson added: “I urge you to enact such laws at the earliest possible moment and feel that in doing so I am urging you to do nothing less than save the honor and self-respect of the nation. Such creatures of passion, disloyalty, and anarchy must be crushed out. They are not many, but they are infinitely malignant, and the hand of our power should close over them at once. They have formed plots to destroy property, they have entered into conspiracies against the neutrality of the Government, they have sought to pry into every confidential transaction of the Government in order to serve interests alien to our own. It is possible to deal with these things very effectually. I need not suggest the terms in which they may be dealt with.” And, thus was born the groundwork for the creation of the Espionage Act. Although the Act itself dates back to 1917, it is still utilized to this very day – the Edward Snowden affair being a perfect, relatively recent example. In addition, it was used in the affair of Bradley Manning, who, in 2010, was serving with the U.S. military and who secretly provided Julian Assange’s Wikileaks with documentation that was still classified.
Now, it’s time to take a careful look at the Freedom of Information Act. While, in theory, it is designed to allow American citizens access to government, military, and intelligence files, that doesn’t always prove to be the case. The U.S. Government says of the FOIA: “Since 1967, the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) has provided the public the right to request access to records from any federal agency. It is often described as the law that keeps citizens in the know about their government. Federal agencies are required to disclose any information requested under the FOIA unless it falls under one of nine exemptions which protect interests such as personal privacy, national security, and law enforcement. The FOIA also requires agencies to proactively post online certain categories of information, including frequently requested records. As Congress, the President, and the Supreme Court have all recognized, the FOIA is a vital part of our democracy.
“The FOIA provides that when processing requests, agencies should withhold information only if they reasonably foresee that disclosure would harm an interest protected by an exemption, or if disclosure is prohibited by law. Agencies should also consider whether partial disclosure of information is possible whenever they determine that full disclosure is not possible and they should take reasonable steps to segregate and release nonexempt information. The Office of Information Policy at the Department of Justice is responsible for issuing government-wide guidance on the FOIA as part of its responsibilities to encourage all agencies to fully comply with both the letter and the spirit of the FOIA.”
Signed into existence on July 4, 1966 by then-President Lyndon B. Johnson, the Freedom of Information Act is an important piece of legislation when it comes to the matter of the public’s right to know – on all matters of relevance to issues that impact on our lives, and particularly so in relation to widespread control of the public. There are, however, various clauses within the FOIA that permit the widespread withholding of files, if such a thing is seen as warranted and justified. Indeed, there are no less than nine exemptions that allow for the denial of files under the terms of the Freedom of Information Act. They are as follows: classified information for national defense or foreign policy, internal personnel rules and practices, information that is exempt under other laws, trade secrets and confidential business information, inter-agency or intra-agency memoranda or letters that are protected by legal privileges,personnel and medical files, law enforcement records or information, information concerning bank supervision, and geological and geophysical information What all of this tells us is that the flow of information that might surface under the FOIA can, at times, be reined in – and significantly so, too.
Richard Dolan: Controlled Disclosure and Rebranding UFOs 'The Big Picture'
Richard Dolan: Controlled Disclosure and Rebranding UFOs 'The Big Picture'
We are in an era of tightening censorship and deplatforming of ideas that are unwelcome to the corporations and power elite at the top of our social and political hierarchy.
At the same time, the UFO subject continues to slip out, more and more, into our public discourse.
What is the result?
Richard Dolan argues that “disclosure” of UFOs is happening, albeit within a controlled setting, and of course lots of spin.
Croww777 as well as his friend both have used their telescopes for several days to detect and to proof that there is a second sun that is invisible to the naked eye.
They have hesitated for a long time to publish this recording, but according to Croww777 it proves that there is indeed a second sun in our solar system.
There is no doubt that NASA and all other space organizations are aware of this second sun, also called planetX, Nibiru or Nemesis.
Antarctica Ruins of an Ancient Civilization Studied By Researcher
Antarctica Ruins of an Ancient Civilization Studied By Researcher
COAST TO COAST AM. According to Corey Goode, high-level academics have been studying the ruins of an ancient civilization in Antarctica for the last 12 years.
“I’m not being put in a position to where I can come back with photos or video of some of this stuff, especially like what’s going on in Antarctica,” he disclosed.
This information will be announced at a certain point, he explained, noting two clandestine groups, the Illuminati and the Earth Alliance, have been debating about how to unfold this disclosure to the general public.
The Strange Thing That Happens Right Before Lightning Srikes Seen for the First Time “
The Strange Thing That Happens Right Before Lightning Strikes Seen for the First Time “
In a first-of-its-kind observation, researchers from the University of New Hampshire Space Science Center have documented a unique event that occurs in clouds before a lightning flash happens. Their observation, called “fast negative breakdown,” documents a new possible way for lightning to form and is the opposite of the current scientific view of how air carries electricity in thunderstorms.
“This is the first time fast negative breakdown has ever been observed, so it’s very exciting,” said Ningyu Liu, professor of physics. “Despite over 250 years of research, how lightning begins is still a mystery. The process was totally unexpected and gives us more insight into how lightning starts and spreads.”
The lightning seen here starts out deep inside the cloud where scientists continue to study its first moments. In their study, UNH researchers observed a possible new way that lightning forms called “fast negative breakdown.”
Photo Credit: UNH
Their finding, published in the journal Nature Communications, is another step toward answering the question of how lightning begins. Recently, the problem of lightning initiation seemed to be solved with the discovery of “fast positive breakdown” of air, which matched the theory long held by lightning researchers. Fast positive breakdown involves the downward development of a pathway in the cloud, moving from the positive charge at the top of the cloud to the negative charge in the middle of the cloud. The pathway forms at one-fifth the speed of light and can trigger lightning. However, the newly reported observation of fast negative breakdown shows that an upward pathway – going in the opposite direction and just as fast – can be created in a thundercloud, indicating there’s another way to start electricity in the air. Ultimately, this provides scientists with a new view of what’s possible inside a storm cloud.
“These findings indicate that lightning creation within a cloud might be more bidirectional than we originally thought,” said Julia Tilles, a doctoral candidate in the UNH Space Science Center.
The lightning seen here starts out deep inside the cloud where scientists continue to study its first moments. In their study, UNH researchers observed a possible new way that lightning forms called “fast negative breakdown.”
Photo Credit: UNH
In collaboration with a lightning research team from New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, the researchers documented fast negative breakdown in a Florida lightning storm at Kennedy Space Center using radio waves originating deep inside the storm clouds. An array of ground-based antennas picked up the radio waves, which then allowed researchers to create a highly detailed image of the radio sources and identify this unusual phenomenon.
Researchers continue to develop images from the data and hope to learn more about how often fast negative breakdown events occur and what fraction of them can initiate an actual lightning flash.
Funding for this research was provided by the National Science Foundation and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research.
The University of New Hampshire inspires innovation and transforms lives in our state, nation and world. More than 16,000 students from all 50 states and 71 countries engage with an award-winning faculty in top-ranked programs in business, engineering, law, health and human services, liberal arts and the sciences across more than 200 programs of study. As one of the nation’s highest-performing research universities, UNH partners with NASA, NOAA, NSF and NIH, and receives more than $110 million in competitive external funding every year to further explore and define the frontiers of land, sea and space.
Contacts and sources:
Robbin Ray University of New Hampshire
Citation:
Fast negative breakdown in thunderstorms Julia N. Tilles, Ningyu Liu, Mark A. Stanley, Paul R. Krehbiel, William Rison, Michael G. Stock, Joseph R. Dwyer, Robert Brown & Jennifer Wilson Nature Communicationsvolume 10, Article number: 1648 (2019) https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-09621-z http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09621-z
A recently leaked alleged military report details an incredible encounter between the USS Nimitz Carrier Strike Group (CSG) and an unidentified aircraft. U.S. Navy F-18 jet fighter pilots described the object as looking like a giant, white Tic Tac, and say it moved to evade them by shooting off at “supersonic” speeds. The USS Nimitz CSG encountered the objects over several days in 2004 off the coast of California. The most shocking parts of the report speculate that the UFO could have had the ability to “‘cloak’ or become invisible to the human eye” and “possibly… operate undersea completely undetectable by our most advanced sensors.”
Den of Geek contacted several individuals close to the case to confirm the document’s legitimacy.
Last December, The New York Times posted an article revealing a Pentagon project called the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP) that was secretly investigating credible UFO cases. The world was tipped off to the existence of the project by the man who was recently in charge of the project, Luis Elizondo. Elizondo retired in Oct. 2017 because the government did not take the UFO situation seriously enough. He says there are “many accounts from the Navy and other services of unusual aerial systems interfering with military weapon platforms and displaying beyond-next-generation capabilities,” and that “there remains a vital need to ascertain capability and intent of these phenomena for the benefit of the armed forces and the nation.”
The New York Times article included two videos allegedly representing cases of UFOs caught on video by military aircraft. Little information about the videos is available. However, the other was said to be from an encounter between an unknown object and the USS Nimitz CSG off of the coast of San Diego in 2004.
Soon after the New York Times article was released, there was a worldwide storm of press on the secretive UFO program. Elizondo and Commander David Fravor, one of the U.S. Navy jet fighter pilots who encountered the unidentified object, participated in several interviews. However, no official documents were released.
On May 18, 2018, Las Vegas KLAS Channel 8’s I-Team posted an articleabout a leaked report they had obtained. The I-Team claims the report was “prepared by and for the military.” They obtained the report during “a whirlwind trip to Washington for a debriefing arranged by former Senator Harry Reid.” Reid had been instrumental in securing funding for the creation of AATIP.
According to the I-Team, the leaked report was put together in 2009 “with input from multiple agencies.” The report begins with an executive summary, makes several key assessments, describes the technology involved in the incident, and then describes the accounts of the personnel involved.
The executive summary reveals encounters with what they call Anomalous Aerial Vehicles (AAVs) occurred over several days, from Nov. 10 to 16, 2004 off the west coast, just before the USS Nimitz CSG left for the Arabian Sea. According to the report, “The USS Princeton on several occasions detected multiple Anomalous Aerial Vehicles (AAVs) operating in and around the vicinity of the CSG.”
“The AAVs would descend ‘very rapidly’ from approximately 60,000 feet down to approximately 50 feet in a matter of seconds,” the report continues. “They would hover or stay stationary on the radar for a short time and depart at high velocities and turn rates.”
According to the report, on Nov. 14, 2004, they got a closer look at one of these AAVs. It was a bright day with “blue skies, no clouds, and unlimited visibility.” After completing their training mission, two F-18s, call signs FASTEAGLE 01 and 02, were directed by the USS Princeton, a guided missile cruiser in the USS Nimitz CSG, to an unknown target. The USS Princeton also asked what weapons they had onboard, which was unusual.
One of the pilots, U.S. Navy Commander David ‘Sex’ Fravor in FASTEAGLE01, says the first thing he noticed at the location of the AAV was a “disturbance of water” in the sea. He scanned the area and noticed the AAV was just above the disturbance, which he said: “looked like frothy waves and foam almost as if the water was boiling.”
A U.S. Marine Lieutenant Colonel piloting an F-18 was also sent in to take a look. He was asked to stay above 10,000 feet as other planes were coming in lower. He also spotted the disturbance in the water.
“The disturbance appeared to be 50 to 100 meters in diameter and close to round,” according to the report. “It was the only area and type of whitewater activity that could be seen and reminded him of images of something rapidly submerging from the surface like a submarine or ship sinking. It also looked like a possible area of shoal water where the swell was breaking over a barely submerged reef or island.”
At around the same time, FASTEAGLE01 descended to about 12,000 to 16,000 feet to get a closer look. FASTEAGLE02 stayed back and maintained an altitude of approximately 20,000 feet. Fravor said the object hovered in place. He described the object as looking “like an elongated egg or a ‘Tic Tac’ and had a discernible midline horizontal axis. However, the object was uniformly white across the entire body. It was approximately 46 feet in length.”
The name of the pilot in FASTEAGLE02 was redacted from the report, but he had a similar description. He said the AAV was “solid white, smooth, with no edges. It was uniformly colored with no nacelles, pylons, or wings.” He said it did not glow or reflect sunlight, and “it looked like it had a white candy-coated shell, almost like a whiteboard.” His report did differ slightly from Fravor in that he says the object did appear to be moving.
Fravor decided to make a close pass of the object to try and identify it. He says as he approached, the AAV seemed to “recognize us.” He said the object realigned itself and “pointed” in his direction. The disturbance on the water also stopped. As Fravor continued his approach, the object suddenly shot up at “a supersonic speed.”
Fravor asked if the USS Princeton still had the AAV on the radar, and at first was told “no.” Soon after, the USS Princeton told Fravor, “you’re not going to believe this, it's at your CAP.” The CAP was the area Fravor had been training in earlier in the day. The USS Princeton added, the AAV “had climbed to approximately 24,000 feet.” They tried to locate the object, but it and the disturbance in the ocean were gone.
Although the AAV was not seen by Fravor again, this was not the last of the anomalous activity for the day. During training exercises, the USS Nimitz CSG acquired a weak radar target. The pilot of the F-18 attempting to track the object said, it “just appeared the radar couldn’t hack it.” However, he was able to spot the object using his Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera. The pilot was at 20,000 feet traveling at 300 knots, and estimated the object was at about the same altitude or a “few thousand feet below.”
The object appeared to be stationary on the FLIR camera, then moved out of the camera’s field of view and contact with the object was lost. A portion of this video was released in the New York Times article, although the pilot said he was not sure if it was the same object Fravor saw earlier in the day. He also said he only caught it on camera and never saw it with his own eyes. After he lost contact with the object, the pilot returned to his training mission.
The USS Nimitz CSG included the USS Louisville Los Angeles-class fast attack submarine. Researchers asked a USS Louisville officer if their sonar caught any of the disturbance reported. The officer replied they had received “no unidentified sonar contacts in the vicinity of the aerial sightings or at any time during operations off the coast of California.”
Thus the report concluded, “Based on the lack of detection of any unidentified sonar contacts it is highly unlikely that an AAV operated below the surface of the ocean.
Then the report continued with some shocking speculation.
“It is possible the AAV demonstrated the ability to be cloaked or invisible to the human eye based on pilot reporting of the water disturbance with no visible craft,” the report explains. “Based on the assessment of Mr. [withheld] if the AAV did operate underwater undetected it would represent a highly advanced capability given the advanced capability of our sensors.”
The report also made note of a significant amount of ridicule the pilots involved with the AAV incident received once back on the carrier. Fravor said when he was back onboard he reported to the Carrier Intelligence Center (CVIC). Once he got there, he says, “CVIC had donned tin-foil caps and wanted to know about the ‘UFO flight.’”
CVIC completed a mission report (MISREP) on the incident, but the Carrier Air Wing Intelligence Officer was not taking the situation seriously. Out of respect for Fravor, who is described as “a very experienced and highly respected squadron commanding officer,” the report was sent up to the Commander of the Air Wing, who also did not take the incident seriously.
According to the report, “When asked what [the Commander of the Air Wing] thought the AAV was he replied that he believed it was part of a counter drug operation based on the area of operations.”
The author of the leaked report disagreed and wrote these “key assessments.”
The Anomalous Aerial Vehicle (AAV) was no known aircraft or air vehicle currently in the inventory of the United States or any foreign nation.
The AAV exhibited advanced aerodynamic performance with no visible control surfaces and no visible means to generate lift.
The AAV exhibited advanced propulsion capability by demonstrating the ability to remain stationary with little to no variation in altitude transitioning to horizontal and/or vertical velocities far greater than any know aerial vehicle with little to no visible signature.
The AAV possibly demonstrated the ability to ‘cloak’ or become invisible to the human eye or human observations.
The AAV possibly demonstrated a highly advanced capability to operate undersea completely undetectable by our most advanced sensors.
Since KLAS leaked this report, there have been some doubts as to whether the military wrote it. Doubters have claimed the report does not follow the correct format, is speculative, and lists Wikipedia as sources in a couple of instances.
I-Team member George Knapp, who wrote the article releasing the report, said he was not able to share more information about his sources at the time we contacted him. However, Leslie Kean, one of the authors of the December New York Times article, tweeted the report and wrote, “This was provided to us at the NY Times by a source in 2017. It was not classified; I can confirm that it's legit.”
When we contacted Kean, she said she doesn't know for sure, but she thinks the group contracted by AATIP, Bigelow Aerospace Advanced Space Studies (BAASS), put it together. She is probably right.
The New York Times article reported Bigelow Aerospace was contracted to perform UFO investigations for AATIP. Robert Bigelow, a Las Vegas businessman and owner of the hotel chain Budget Suites of America, founded Bigelow Aerospace. Bigelow has had a lifelong interest in UFOs and the paranormal.
He is also interested in space. He founded Bigelow Aerospace in 1995 and it has become a significant player in the commercial space industry. BAASS is the division in Bigelow Aerospace dedicated to exploring the unknown.
Dr. Eric Davis is an astrophysicist who has worked with BAASS and he recently responded to comments on social media that were criticising the format of the leaked Nimitz report.
“The 2009 Nimitz Tic-Tac UFO report is a typical sensitive-but-unclassified Navy component agency field investigation report, and I know the investigators/authors,” Davis wrote on Facebook. “The report followed the investigators’ own document/report format as there was no requirement for them to use any specific [Department of Defense] or [U.S. Navy] component agency document format.”
Further confirmation came from documentary filmmaker Jeremy Corbell. Corbell is currently working on a project with Knapp regarding BAASS investigations and has been researching the Nimitz UFO event for several years. Corbell has been in contact with Fravor and he told Den of Geekthat, according to Fravor, the report leaked by Knapp and KLAS is the most accurate account of the events he has seen.
Corbell also says he has spoken with military sources who say the Tic Tac object actively jammed the F-18s radars. There was a large round object spotted under the water at the disturbance that some believe the Tic Tac object docked with, and that the large round object was seen leaving the water.
Corbell says he will be releasing more information on his investigation sometime in the future, but even without Corbell’s claims, the Nimitz report is mind-boggling, and according to Elizondo, there are more UFO cases in the Pentagon files just as juicy.
"There are many, many Nimitz incidences that are equally compelling, that are told from the eyes of people like Commander Dave Fravor," Elizondo told KLAS.
According to KLAS, “Another highly classified version [of the Nimitz report] was also written but is unlikely to ever be released.” When contacted by Den of Geek, Elizondo said he had seen a military report on the Nimitz incident but had not yet seen the report released by KLAS, so he is not sure if it was the same report. However, Elizondo said Knapp is a professional journalist, and he is sure Knapp would use credible sources.
When we commented to Elizondo on the shocking nature of the Nimitz report, he replied, “You ain't seen nothing yet, baby!”
Former high-level officials will investigate UFOs in new limited History channel non-fiction series launching in May.
The History channel has announced a series based on the work of To the Stars Academy (TTSA). According to one of the members, Luis Elizondo, who formerly ran the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP), the show will also include some of the cases investigated by AATIP. He says this includes cases better than the amazing 2004 Nimitz encounter.
Open Minds UFO Radio: Danny Silva runs the website SilvaRecord.com where he covers UFO news and information. He focuses on developments and information related to UFOs. He focuses on the work of the DoD’s Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP), and the To the Stars Academy (TTSA). With all of the information coming out about UFO investigations related to both of these groups, Danny has done a great job keeping people appraised of news on these projects others have missed.
In this episode, we get to know Danny, why he was inspired to start his blog and his perspectives on the state of UFO research. We also discuss some of his recent stories.
Open Minds UFO Radio: Mike Damante is a journalist, author, and teacher. He is the author of the books “Punk rock and UFOs: True Believers” and “Punk Rock and UFOs: Cryptozoology Meets Anarchy.” Mike worked for the Houston Chronicle as a copy editor, writer, reporter, and web producer. He currently produces their “MIKED” music blog and has interviewed bands and musicians like Bad Religion, blink-182, Taking Back Sunday, Tom DeLonge, Tegan and Sara, Aerosmith, B.o.B, and countless others. He currently teaches Journalism and English in Houston, TX.
In this episode, we talk to Mike about the crossroads of Punk Rock and UFOs, and his perspective on the UFO phenomenon as a mainstream journalist. Like everyone interested in UFOs, Mike has also been following the developments related to Tom DeLonge’s To The Stars Academy (TTSA). Mike lends the unique view of also having followed Tom DeLonge’s music career as a music journalist and blogger.
Dr. Kevin Knuth is an Associate Professor in the Department of Physics at the University at Albany (SUNY), and is the Editor-in-Chief of the journal Entropy (MDPI). He is a former NASA research scientist having worked for four years at NASA Ames Research Center in the Intelligent Systems Division designing artificial intelligence algorithms for astrophysical data analysis. His current research interests include the foundations of physics, quantum information, inference and inquiry, autonomous robotics, and the search for and characterization of extrasolar planets. He has published over 90 peer-reviewed publications and has been invited to give over 80 presentations in 14 countries.
Kevin was also a recent presenter at the Anomalous Aerospace Phenomena Conference (AAPC) hosted by the Scientific Coalition for Ufology (SCU) held near the Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, Alabama. Kevin’s talk was titled, “Constraints on Societies Engaged in Relativistic Interstellar Travel,” and covered the odd spacetime effects this sort of travel would entail. In this episode, Kevin discusses the effects individuals traveling in this manner would experience, and the odd effects and problems that would occur with a group traveling in this manner interacting with others. We also discuss Kevin’s experience and thoughts on how the scientific community views the UFO topic.
George Knapp: Australia's Classified and Unseen Alien Files
George Knapp: Australia's Classified and Unseen Alien Files
COAST TO COAST AM. An Australian researcher who focuses on government involvement in response to the UFO phenomena, Paul Dean, began tackling the problem directly and became instrumental in having the Australian government release hitherto classified and unseen files.
He joined George Knapp to discuss his latest UFO case analyses, and the preservation of UFO-related records. “I’ve got absolutely no doubt that there has to be hundreds and hundreds of thousands of pages of UFO reports, evaluations, investigations, memos, commander’s briefs, point papers, discussion pieces, etc.” existing in the bellows of the US government, he remarked, likely kept in a variety of places and agencies including NORAD (North American Aerospace Defense Command).
The next episode in our series is Australia’s UFO Files. The National Archives of Australia holds a number of records relating to UFOs, flying saucers and other unidentified aerial phenomena. The documents became available in August 2012 under Australia’s 30-year rule. This rule orders the release of government documents 30 years after they were created. Most of these records date from the 1950’s to the 70’s, when public interest in UFOs was high and many sightings were reported to Commonwealth authorities.
Controlled Disclosure and Rebranding UFOs 'The Big Picture'
Controlled Disclosure and Rebranding UFOs 'The Big Picture'
We are in an era of tightening censorship and deplatforming of ideas that are unwelcome to the corporations and power elite at the top of our social and political hierarchy.
At the same time, the UFO subject continues to slip out, more and more, into our public discourse.
What is the result?
Richard Dolan argues that "disclosure" of UFOs is happening, albeit within a controlled setting, and of course lots of spin.
A father and son were driving near Toledo, Ohio, along the shore of Lake Erie, last Christmas, when they saw a huge object floating above the surface. They stopped and the father decided to record it on video. At first it looks like a cloud, but if you look more closely you can see how the object is symmetrical, showing a shape similar to a classic "flying saucer" or a cigar type UFO. The UFO probably just came up from out of the water. I believe that the ocean has many underwater bases below its ocean floor and this is 100% proof that such base do exist. The UFO is just waiting to get most of the water off of it before it cloaks. If the water is still on the craft, it cannot cloak properly. Scott C. Waring
Aliens love South America. Why? So many ancient Aztec, Mayan and Inca pyramid sites. All of which worshiped the aliens as gods in one way or another. Numerous eyewitnesses have seen UFOs flying in and out of volcanos and mountain areas in South America. They also get a lot of cover from having an underground base in a difficult to reach location...like the Amazon jungle. Have UFO sightings declined in the last few years? No, not by any means. Its just that most people have their heads buried in their computers and phones, so they just look up less and less frequently. Scott C. Waring
News states:
A trip to the Tatacoa Desert, became for all the members of the Colorado Acuña family a unique experience for apparently having sighted what in their opinion is a UFO. According to Marcela Acuña López, the event that has shocked the family occurred after five in the afternoon when, after a long tourist day with her brother who resides in Bogotá, they get ready to return to Neiva. According to Marcela, at the time of her sister-in-law to make a photographic record of the sunset in the desert and from the vehicle in motion, the camera captures what according to her and her sister-in-law is a UFO (Unidentified Flying Object). In the image that was provided by Marcela Acuña, it is clearly seen how a strange element quickly crosses the horizon driven apparently by two turbines. The family has indicated that they expect to contact experts in this field to provide the photographs and that they may or may not determine if it was a UFO.
When NASA announced that they took the first ever photograph of a black hole, I knew I had to look into it more deeply. I noticed that the black hold had an inner and outer walls. The inner was is round with a dark abis bottom, while the closer part of the inner wall is full of torn up glowing material its pulling it. The outer wall is dark so we can't see it. So I added light to the photograph and quickly noticed that the outer wall was visible and was not a circle after all. The outer area was irregular shaped with parts of it stretching out like arms. If I had to describe its shape, I would have say it looks closest to a stingray without its tail. I also notice that its left and right side almost match, meaning there is some kind of balance system at play here. If a ship were to enter the black hole, it would have to pass through the red outer odd shaped wall. Once a ship enters the yellow area of the photo, it has passed what astrophysics calls the Schwarschild radius. That means the ship has passed the point of no return. No amount of force could escape after this point. Also another exciting thing is that The Schwarzschild radius also called the gravitational radius, is a physical parameter that shows up in the Schwarzschild solution to Einstein's field equations, corresponding to the radius defining the event horizon of a Schwarzschild black hole. This photo reinforces Einsteins theory. Scott C. Waring-Taiwan
CHINESE SCIENTISTS GENE-HACKED SUPER SMART HUMAN-MONKEY HYBRIDS
CHINESE SCIENTISTS GENE-HACKED SUPER SMART HUMAN-MONKEY HYBRIDS
ALEXA’S PHOTOS VIA PIXABAY/TAG HARTMAN-SIMKINS
DAN ROBITZSKI
Big Brain
For the first time, scientists have used gene-editing techniques to make monkey brains more humanlike.
The monkeys, rhesus macaques, got smarter — they had superior memories to unaltered monkeys, according torecently-published research that’s kicked off a fiery debate among ethicists about how far scientists should be able to take genetic experimentation.
Cognitive Gap
The team of Chinese scientists edited the human version of a gene called MCPH1 into the macaques. The new gene made the monkeys’ brains develop along a more human-like timeline. The gene-hacked monkeys had better reaction times and enhanced short-term memories compared to their unaltered peers, according to China Daily.
But not everyone is on board.
“The use of transgenic monkeys to study human genes linked to brain evolution is a very risky road to take,” University of Colorado geneticist James Sikela told the MIT Technology Review. “It is a classic slippery slope issue and one that we can expect to recur as this type of research is pursued.”
Evolutionary Roadmap
Pinpointing the gene’s role in intelligence could help scientists understand how humans evolved to be so smart, MIT Tech reports.
While altering one gene to enhance memory in some macaques won’t throw Darwinism off-kilter — there’s no risk of a “Planet of the Apes”-style uprising, yet — it could teach us how humanity became so intelligent and gives us hints as to why.
“Black holes are the most mysterious objects in the universe. We have seen what we thought was unseeable. We have taken a picture of a black hole.”
Sheperd Doeleman, director Event Horizon telescope (EHT) — a network of eight radio telescopes spanning the globe that captured the image –revealed the photograph on April 10 at a press conference loaded with top scientists and astronomers waiting to view the definitive proof of what they have all believed on faith, indicators and scientific models – that black holes exist.
Or do they?
Wait, you say … didn’t you see the photograph? Sure, but there are tens of thousands of photographs of the Earth from outer space showing that it’s a globe. Do any of them convince the Flat Earthers?
“This work investigates the backreaction of Hawking radiation on the interior of a gravitationally collapsing star, in a Hartle–Hawking initial vacuum. It shows that due to the negative energy Hawking radiation in the interior, the collapse of the star stops at a finite radius, before the singularity and the event horizon of a black hole have a chance to form. That is, the star bounces instead of collapsing to a black hole.”
What do we do with all of these ‘artist depictions’ now?
Meet Laura Mersini-Houghton, author of “Backreaction of Hawking radiation on a gravitationally collapsing star I: Black holes?”, a paper she wrote in 2014 in which she used two seemingly conflicting theories to seemingly prove that black holes don’t exist because they can’t possibly come into being in the first place. Mersini-Houghton is a physics professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. A press release by the college titled “Carolina’s Laura Mersini-Houghton shows that black holes do not exist” gives a simple explanation, referencing Stephen Hawking in an attempt to validate it.
“She and Hawking both agree that as a star collapses under its own gravity, it produces Hawking radiation. However, in her new work, Mersini-Houghton shows that by giving off this radiation, the star also sheds mass. So much so that as it shrinks it no longer has the density to become a black hole. Before a black hole can form, the dying star swells one last time and then explodes. A singularity never forms and neither does an event horizon. The take home message of her work is clear: there is no such thing as a black hole.”
There you have it. Needless to say, black hole believers reacted stronglyagainst the paper. In 1974, Stephen Hawking proposed that a black hole temporarily entraps matter and energy that can eventually reemerge as outgoing radiation — Hawking Radiation. Most responses to Mersini-Houghton’s paper centered on the idea that a black hole doesn’t emit enough Hawking Radiation to shrink its mass down to Mersini-Houghton’s level which would prevent a black hole from forming.
Close but no cigar.
Mersini-Houghton was not the only black hole denier (No Black Holer?), just the latest and most famous. All had one last fall-back position – if black holes exist, why isn’t there a photograph of one. Well, now there is and there are sure to be more. As of this writing, there’s been no comment on the photo by Mersini-Houghton.
What do you think? Did the photo of Earth from the moon 50 years ago convince Flat Earthers?
UFO sighting: 'Black triangle UFO' over London used cloaking device - ‘We were SHOCKED'
UFO sighting: 'Black triangle UFO' over London used cloaking device - ‘We were SHOCKED'
A BRITISH UFO eyewitness was “shocked” to see a triangular alien spaceship use a cloaking device over London, according to an unexplained UFO sighting report.
The allegedUFOspaceship passed over the British capital in the late night hours of May 1, 2018. The eyewitness who claims to have seen the UFO with his wife said the spaceship appeared overhead around 11.30pm in the evening. According to the witness’ testimony, the UFO was black and triangular, with round lights on each of its corners and moved through the sky silently. The UFO also “shimmered” and “glitched” as if engaging or disengaging some form of cloaking technology.
The astonishing UFO sighting was reported by the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON), which investigates extraterrestrial aircraft claims from around the globe.
MUFON report 92298, dated April 5, 2019, was examined by field investigator Karl Webb, who concluded the supposed UFO was an “Unknown Aerial Vehicle”.
In the report, the witness said he was having a cigarette in his backyard with his wife on the night of the sighting.
The witness’ testimony reads: “Jupiter was very low in the sky and we were wondering what it was? We got out my phone and used the Skyview app to work it out.
UFO sighting: A witness claims to have seen a black triangle over UFO
(Image: GETTY)
“We both commented on the fact that we hadn't ever remembered seeing Jupiter or if we had, we didn't know that’s what it was.
“London skies are always full of passenger aircraft coming into land at Heathrow and we are on one of the flight paths they use.
“The planes come in from the east over our house and then head out west before they turn north towards Heathrow airport. You can always hear them.
“This black triangle object with round lights on each of its three corners and one central light that was reddish orange in colour appeared in the west.”
UFO sighting: The alien claim was investigated by the Mutual UFO Network
(Image: GETTY)
According to the witness, the spacecraft was “clearly a solid structure” but shimmered in the sky like a “digital glitch”.
The UFO group, which investigated the supposed spaceship sighting, claims to employ the scientific method when it sifted through thousands of user-submitted reports.
According to MUFON, only about two to three percent of all UFO reports remain “truly unexplained”.
The scientific conclusion, MUFON said, is there are unexplained mysteries in the skies worthy of further scientific investigation.
UFO sighting: The supposed UFO was dubbed an Unknown Aerial Vehicle
(Image: GETTY)
MUFON said: “In the reporting and investigation of UFO sightings, MUFON strives to use the scientific method.
“Data is collected through online reports that identify specific information that can be used to make reports as accurate as possible.
“Among the parameters collected on UFO reports include: date, time, latitude, longitude, witness report, witness background and age, UFO colour/shape/brightness, and directional information.
“A MUFON Field Investigator then interviews the witnesses who made the report and collects additional information such as angular size, elevation, azimuth, brightness, if possible the distance to the object, and other measurable information.
“The Field Investigator looks for the possibility that the witness misinterpreted what was seen.”
WETENSCHAP & PLANEETVoor de Turkse kust hebben duikers een scheepswrak teruggevonden dat 3.600 jaar oud zou zijn. Het schip, dat veertien meter lang is, ligt vol met schelpen en planten. Archeologen spreken van een grote doorbraak.
Het schip zou in 1600 voor Christus onderweg geweest zijn naar het Griekse eiland Kreta, maar gezonken zijn in een storm. Het werd teruggevonden door een gespecialiseerd onderzoeksteam van de Universiteit van Antalya, in het zuiden van Turkije.
“Georgians were the first winemakers on Earth and now we hope to pioneer viticulture on the planet next door.”
It’s often said that real progress in a new technology isn’t made until someone starts using it for sex or getting high. That seems to be the case in the quest to be ready to grow plants on Mars as soon as humans first step onto the red soil. Yes, I know, some of you believe humans are already there – but do they have booze? A group of researchers in the country of Georgia, which prides itself on being the birthplace of wine-making, is planting the seeds to become the first to grow grapes and make wine on another planet. And yes, they’re planning for more than just reds.
“In the distant future, Martian colonists will be able to grow plants directly in Martian soil.”
The IX Millennium project (named for the 8,000 years Georgia has been making wine) was founded in January 2019 by Nikoloz Doborjginidze to lead the way to wine on Mars. The Independent reports this week that in just three short months, astrobiologist Marika Tarasashvili, has developed a composting bacteria that will turn Martian dirt into fertile Earth-like soil. Working in a lab in Tbilisi, she’s using bacteria collected from “extreme ecosystems” (no, not gas station restrooms, but that’s a good backup plan) like hot sulphurous springs and breeding it to ingest Mars and excrete earth.
“But first we need to create a model of completely controlled sustainable Martian greenhouses.”
Tusia Garibashvili is the founder of Space Farms company, which is now building a vertical farming laboratory with tightly controlled temperature, atmosphere and radiation conditions that will simulate the Martian environment … on the inside. On the outside will be a luxury hotel in Tbilisi that will house the laboratory — who says scientists have to live like lab rats?
Meanwhile, a second part of IX Millennium is working at the Business and Technology University testing various Georgian grape varieties in a simulated Martian environment. So far they’ve determined that pale-skinned Rkatsiteli grapes — an ancient and versatile white wine variety that dates back to 3000 BCE – grows best under harsh Mars-like ultra-violet rays.
Rkatsiteli grapes
Is the faux Rkatsiteli wine any good? The researchers at IX Millennium aren’t ready to answer that and are planning to test many more barrels of Martian whites and reds until the first Mars mission is ready … so they have plenty of time. Of course, they also have a noble cause to use as a front for all of that wine-tasting, according to Business and Technology University Dean Nino Enukidze.
“Martian dreams aside, our experiments are providing information that is vital as humanity confronts a multitude of environmental challenges. We will be able to identify and breed food crops resistant to the problems caused by global climate change.”
That’s right … the solution to climate change could come from drinking Martian wine made from Georgian grapes.
As Matt Damon might say, it beats growing potatoes
Oh boy, there’s something strange afoot in middle America. Recently, reports of bizarre flying humanoid creatures have ramped up in the states surrounding the Great Lakes, both current sightings and, as a consequence of the increased attention, reports of past sightings as well. As I’ve written in the past few months, there’s only one paranormal creature that fits the bill. It’s fair to say that Mothman is back in a big way, and he’s as spooky as ever.
Perhaps I’m getting over-excited, maybe Mothman is just hanging out in a tree somewhere eating donuts, not scaring anybody. Maybe this is Butterflyman. I don’t know. Maybe this is just what you see when you’ve been up for three days reading about Mothman on the internet. Who can say, really?
Regardless, we can say that a man from Woodstock, Illinois did call 911 to report a freakishly tall winged humanoid with glowing green eyes, that apparently charged at him, screaming, while he was trying to leave a convenience store.
He sure is a persistent fellow.
The investigators at Singular Forteanwere alerted to the case by the man himself. He sent them an account of his ordeal, which allegedly occurred on February 28, and asked for their investigative help. He compared it to a sighting that was previously reported in Woodstock, Illinois. Here’s the account of the incident sent to Singular Fortean:
I was outside Jewel Osco in Woodstock, Illinois and believe to [have seen] the same visual of an unusual being in the McHenry County fairground. It screeched at me then charged the fence, about thirty feet from the fence, it had very bright green eyes, [and] had wings and was all black leathery colored. It ran back towards the woods in the McHenry County fairgrounds. I called [the Woodstock police department] and [they] had county sheriffs respond to the location.
According to Singular Fortean, investigator Tobias Wayland called the witness at a predetermined time agreed upon by the witness, but was forced to leave a voicemail. The witness has not responded.
So it’s all nonsense, right? Well that’s where the 911 call comes in. Singular Fortean filed a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request with the Woodstock police department for all pertinent information and they received a transcript of the 911 call that the unnamed man made to the police department.
The transcript states that on February 28, 2019, an officer did respond to the Jewel Osco parking lot after the call was made:
“[The witness] had a sighting of a mysterious creature described as being 7-8 ft tall and wearing all black. [The witness] said the creature charged at him from the fair grounds screeching at him while he was in the Jewel lot and then it retreated. [The witness] named the creature the ‘Dufield Pond Swamp Monster,’ since he had the first sighting with police involvement. Investigation to continue.”
The 911 transcript via Singular Fortean
According to Singular Fortean, the McHenry County Fairgrounds are directly opposite the Dufield Pond Conservation Area, a thickly wooded area comprised of forest and parks. Another witness had reported seeing a large winged humanoid with dark fur emerge from the Dufield Pond Conservation Area on February 22.
This is the latest in a series of bizarre sightings that have occurred in the states surrounding the Great Lakes. According to Singular Fortean, every state surrounding Lake Michigan has had reports of winged humanoid creatures. They write:
Witnesses consistently describe a large, gray-or-black bat or bird-like creature—although in a small number of cases the creature was described as insect-like—sometimes with glowing or reflective red, yellow, or orange eyes; and humanoid features such as arms and legs are often reported. Many of the sightings are also of something seen only briefly or are described only as a flying creature with few details, which leaves open the possibility that a large bird or bird-like being could explain some encounters.
They ask that any witnesses report their experience to them via their contact page. And if you have seen Mothman, please do report it. Because real or imagined, this is an absolutely fascinating modern paranormal legend.
A team of Turkish underwater researchers have discovered what they believe is theworld’s oldest shipwreck from 1600 B.C. According to the Provincial Governor’s Office, the 3,600-year-old Bronze Age shipwreck was found off the shores of the Antalya province in southern Turkey.
Members of the Antalya University’s Underwater Research Department discovered the 14-meter-long (or 46 feet) merchant ship with 1.5 tons of copper bullion inside.
Governor Münir Karaloğlu told reporters that the discovery of the shipwreck, called “Western Antalya Shipwreck” was groundbreaking for underwater archaeology and described it as the “Göbeklitepe” of the underwater world. The archaeological site of Göbeklitepe located in Şanlıurfa has the world’s oldest temple and is quite often referenced to as the ground zero of human history.
He also mentioned that the items that will be taken from the shipwreck will be put on display at a museum in Kemer district which will be known as “the epicenter of underwater archaeology.”
The researchers took three-dimensional scans of the bullion on the ship by using sonar surveys, photo-scans, and photographic mosaic. They were able to determine that the bullion were taken from mines in Cyprus, and then molded in the 15th or 16thcenturies B.C. before being put on the ship to transport them either to the Aegean region or the island of Crete. The ship didn’t make its destination as it sank from what they believe was a storm.
Hakan Öniz, who is one of the researchers from Antalya University, stated, “It was probably caught in the middle of a storm while traveling to the Aegean [northwest of Antalya] region from Cyprus [island south of Antalya]. It was carrying a cargo of copper bullion and type of the bullion helped us date the ship. This may well be the world’s earliest vessel carrying industrial goods.” He then said that a new team with local and international researchers will come together for a five-year project in order to conduct more research on the shipwreck.
Prior to this recent discovery, the “Uluburun Shipwreck” that dates back to 1400 B.C. was located off the shores of Antalya and was the oldest shipwreck of its kind until now. The items found on the ship are currently being displayed at the Museum of Underwater Archaeology located in the Muğla’s Bodrum district.
A recent underwater excavation at Turkey's Urla Port has uncovered a ship estimated to date back 4,000 years, which experts say would make it the oldest sunken ship to have ever been discovered in the Mediterranean — and possibly anywhere.
And just last year, the remains of a Greek merchant ship was discovered off of Bulgaria’s Black Sea coast. The shipwreck was from over 2,400 years ago and was said to be the world’s oldest known intact shipwreck…until now.
On Friday night, NASA launched two rockets from a spaceport in Norway as part of an experiment to interact with the Northern Lights. The rockets, from the AZURE mission, released visible gases that illuminated the aurora borealis, and created a surreal display as seen in the time-lapse videos above and below.
Astronomers have discovered a massive alien world circling a star located 22,000 light years away, at the centre of the Milky Way's bulge.
The object, dubbed OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb, is 13 times the size of Jupiter and is so vast that experts are unsure whether it is even a planet.
Experts used Nasa's Spitzer Space Telescope and the light-warping effects of gravity to uncover the mysterious celestial body.
Although it is orbiting its own star, researchers say 'Planet X' may in fact be a failed star, known as a brown dwarf.
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Astronomers have discovered a massive alien world circling a star located 22,000 light years away, at the centre of the Milky Way. The object is 13 times the size of Jupiter and is so vast, experts believe it may be a failed brown dwarf star
(artist's impression)
BROWN DWARFS
Brown dwarfs are thought to be the missing link between planets and stars, with masses up to 80 times that of Jupiter.
But their centres are not hot or dense enough to generate energy through nuclear fusion the way stars do.
OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb's mass puts it right at the deuterium burning limit, the conventional boundary between planets and brown dwarfs.
Scientists have found that, for stars roughly the mass of our sun, less than one per cent have a brown dwarf orbiting within three AU.
One AU is the distance between Earth and the sun. This phenomenon is called the 'brown dwarf desert.'
OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb orbits its parent star approximately every three years at a distance of about two AU.
The host is a yellow dwarf star, similar to our own Sun, that has 89 per cent of its mass.
An international team of researchers, led by Yoon-Hyun Ryu of the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute in Daejon, South Korea, reported the find in a paper published on the online print repository Arxiv.org.
It was made using a technique known as microlensing, that facilitates the discovery of distant objects by using background stars as flashlights.
OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb was discovered in June 2016 by the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) collaboration.
OGLE is a Polish astronomical project based at the University of Warsaw, which is searching the universe for dark matter and extrasolar planets.
It uses the five foot (1.3 metre) Warsaw telescope mounted at the Las Campanas observatory in Chile.
The team used readings taken from Nasa's Spitzer space telescope which has uncovered a number of microlensing events, to narrow their search.
Writing in the paper, its authors said: ‘We report the discovery of OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb, which is likely to be the first Spitzer microlensing planet in the galactic bulge/bar.
'It is precisely measured to be right at the edge of the brown dwarf desert.
‘This is somewhere between 13 and 14 Jupiter masses. OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb has about 13.4 Jupiter masses.
'Since the existence of the brown dwarf desert is the signature of different formation mechanisms for stars and planets, the extremely close proximity of OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb to this desert raises the question of whether it is truly a "planet".'
Brown dwarfs are thought to be the missing link between planets and stars, with masses up to 80 times that of Jupiter.
OGLE-2016-BLG-1190 was discovered in June 2016 by the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) collaboration. This image shows the light curve readings as indicated by the observatory in the top panel, which shows the full light curve
The team used readings taken from Nasa's Spitzer space telescope (artist's impression), which has uncovered a number of microlensing events, to narrow their search
But their centres are not hot or dense enough to generate energy through nuclear fusion the way stars do.
OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb's mass puts it right at the deuterium burning limit, the conventional boundary between planets and brown dwarfs.
Scientists have found that, for stars roughly the mass of our sun, less than one per cent have a brown dwarf orbiting within three AU.
One AU is the distance between Earth and the sun. This phenomenon is called the 'brown dwarf desert.'
OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb orbits its parent star approximately every three years at a distance of about two AU.
WHAT IS MICROLENSING?
Microlensing is a technique that facilitates the discovery of distant objects by using background stars as flashlights.
When a star crosses precisely in front of a bright star in the background, the gravity of the foreground star focuses the light of the background star, making it appear brighter.
A planet orbiting the foreground object may cause an additional blip in the star's brightness.
This technique has found the most distant known exoplanets from Earth, and can detect low-mass planets that are substantially farther from their stars than Earth is from our sun.
The host is a yellow dwarf star, similar to our own Sun, that has 89 per cent of its mass.
The newly discovered planet aids scientists in their quest to figure out the distribution of planets in our galaxy.
Astronomers still don't know whether there is a difference in the frequency of planets in the Milky Way's central bulge compared to its disk, the pancake-like region surrounding the bulge.
OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb is located in the disk, as are three planets previously detected through microlensing by Nasa's Spitzer Space Telescope.
Massive Planet Estimated to be 13x Bigger than Jupiter
Massive Planet Estimated to be 13x Bigger than Jupiter
A gargantuan exoplanet believed to be almost 13 times the mass of Jupiter has been discovered in the Cygnus constellation. Brazilian astronomers concluded the massive object orbits a pair of binary stars, one of which is a white dwarf (a dead low-mass star). “The system is unique,” declared the author of the study Leonardo Andrade de Almeida (who also created the above depiction). More atSciTech Daily.
The history of UFOs and encounters with other-worldly beings includes events from all over the world. Russia — formerly the Soviet Union — has a major part of that history. Its story is dramatic, at times chilling, and always provocative.
Richard Dolan is one of the world’s leading researchers and writers on the subject of UFOs and believes that they constitute the greatest mystery of our time. He is the author of two volumes of history, UFOs and the National Security State, both ground-breaking works which together provide the most factually complete and accessible narrative of the UFO subject available anywhere.
He also co-authored a speculative book about the future, A.D. After Disclosure, the first-ever analysis not only of how UFO secrecy might end, but of the all-important question: what happens next?
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) — a planet-scale array of eight ground-based radio telescopes forged through international collaboration — was designed to capture images of a black hole. In coordinated press conferences across the globe, EHT researchers revealed that they succeeded, unveiling the first direct visual evidence of the supermassive black hole in the centre of Messier 87 and its shadow.
Credit: EHT Collaboration
An international team of over 200 astronomers, including scientists from MIT’s Haystack Observatory, has captured the first direct images of a black hole. They accomplished this remarkable feat by coordinating the power of eight major radio observatories on four continents, to work together as a virtual, Earth-sized telescope.
In a series of papers published today in a special issue of Astrophysical Journal Letters, the team has revealed four images of the supermassive black hole at the heart of Messier 87, or M87, a galaxy within the Virgo galaxy cluster, 55 million light years from Earth.
All four images show a central dark region surrounded by a ring of light that appears lopsided — brighter on one side than the other.
Albert Einstein, in his theory of general relativity, predicted the existence of black holes, in the form of infinitely dense, compact regions in space, where gravity is so extreme that nothing, not even light, can escape from within. By definition, black holes are invisible. But if a black hole is surrounded by light-emitting material such as plasma, Einstein’s equations predict that some of this material should create a “shadow,” or an outline of the black hole and its boundary, also known as its event horizon.
Based on the new images of M87, the scientists believe they are seeing a black hole’s shadow for the first time, in the form of the dark region at the center of each image.
Relativity predicts that the immense gravitational field will cause light to bend around the black hole, forming a bright ring around its silhouette, and will also cause the surrounding material to orbit around the object at close to light speed. The bright, lopsided ring in the new images offers visual confirmation of these effects: The material headed toward our vantage point as it rotates around appears brighter than the other side.
The anatomy of a black hole.
Credit: European Southern Observatory
From these images, theorists and modelers on the team have determined that the black hole is about 6.5 billion times as massive as our sun. Slight differences between each of the four images suggest that material is zipping around the black hole at lightning speed.
“This black hole is much bigger than the orbit of Neptune, and Neptune takes 200 years to go around the sun,” says Geoffrey Crew, a research scientist at Haystack Observatory. “With the M87 black hole being so massive, an orbiting planet would go around it within a week and be traveling at close to the speed of light.”
“People tend to view the sky as something static, that things don’t change in the heavens, or if they do, it’s on timescales that are longer than a human lifetime,” says Vincent Fish, a research scientist at Haystack Observatory. “But what we find for M87 is, at the very fine detail we have, objects change on the timescale of days. In the future, we can perhaps produce movies of these sources. Today we’re seeing the starting frames.”
“These remarkable new images of the M87 black hole prove that Einstein was right yet again,” says Maria Zuber, MIT’s vice president for research and the E.A. Griswold Professor of Geophysics in the Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences. “The discovery was enabled by advances in digital systems at which Haystack engineers have long excelled.”
“Nature was kind”
The images were taken by the Event Horizon Telescope, or EHT, a planet-scale array comprising eight radio telescopes, each in a remote, high-altitude environment, including the mountaintops of Hawaii, Spain’s Sierra Nevada, the Chilean desert, and the Antarctic ice sheet.
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is a global network of radio telescopes that work together as one virtual, Earth-sized telescope, with a resolution sharp enough to “see” a black hole’s shadow.
Credit: ESO/ L. Calçada
On any given day, each telescope operates independently, observing astrophysical objects that emit faint radio waves. However, a black hole is infinitely smaller and darker than any other radio source in the sky. To see it clearly, astronomers need to use very short wavelengths — in this case, 1.3 millimeters — that can cut through the clouds of material between a black hole and the Earth.
Making a picture of a black hole also requires a magnification, or “angular resolution,” equivalent to reading a text on a phone in New York from a sidewalk café in Paris. A telescope’s angular resolution increases with the size of its receiving dish. However, even the largest radio telescopes on Earth are nowhere near big enough to see a black hole.
But when multiple radio telescopes, separated by very large distances, are synchronized and focused on a single source in the sky, they can operate as one very large radio dish, through a technique known as very long baseline interferometry, or VLBI. Their combined angular resolution as a result can be vastly improved.
For EHT, the eight participating telescopes summed up to a virtual radio dish as big as the Earth, with the ability to resolve an object down to 20 micro-arcseconds — about 3 million times sharper than 20/20 vision. By a happy coincidence, that’s about the precision required to view a black hole, according to Einstein’s equations.
“Nature was kind to us, and gave us something just big enough to see by using state-of-the-art equipment and techniques,” says Crew, co-leader of the EHT correlation working group and the ALMA Observatory VLBI team.
“Gobs of data”
On April 5, 2017, the EHT began observing M87. After consulting numerous weather forecasts, astronomers identified four nights that would produce clear conditions for all eight observatories — a rare opportunity, during which they could work as one collective dish to observe the black hole.
In radio astronomy, telescopes detect radio waves, at frequencies that register incoming photons as a wave, with an amplitude and phase that’s measured as a voltage. As they observed M87, every telescope took in streams of data in the form of voltages, represented as digital numbers.
The MIT Haystack Observatory houses a specialized supercomputer called a correlator, which crunched data generated by the EHT project.
Credit: courtesy of MIT Haystack Observatory
“We’re recording gobs of data — petabytes of data for each station,” Crew says.
In total, each telescope took in about one petabyte of data, equal to 1 million gigabytes. Each station recorded this enormous influx that onto several Mark6 units — ultrafast data recorders that were originally developed at Haystack Observatory.
After the observing run ended, researchers at each station packed up the stack of hard drives and flew them via FedEx to Haystack Observatory, in Massachusetts, and Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, in Germany. (Air transport was much faster than transmitting the data electronically.) At both locations, the data were played back into a highly specialized supercomputer called a correlator, which processed the data two streams at a time.
As each telescope occupies a different location on the EHT’s virtual radio dish, it has a slightly different view of the object of interest — in this case, M87. The data received by two separate telescopes may encode a similar signal of the black hole but also contain noise that’s specific to the respective telescopes.
The correlator lines up data from every possible pair of the EHT’s eight telescopes. From these comparisons, it mathematically weeds out the noise and picks out the black hole’s signal. High-precision atomic clocks installed at every telescope time-stamp incoming data, enabling analysts to match up data streams after the fact.
“Precisely lining up the data streams and accounting for all kinds of subtle perturbations to the timing is one of the things that Haystack specializes in,” says Colin Lonsdale, Haystack director and vice chair of the EHT directing board.
Teams at both Haystack and Max Planck then began the painstaking process of “correlating” the data, identifying a range of problems at the different telescopes, fixing them, and rerunning the correlation, until the data could be rigorously verified. Only then were the data released to four separate teams around the world, each tasked with generating an image from the data using independent techniques.
“It was the second week of June, and I remember I didn’t sleep the night before the data was released, to be sure I was prepared,” says Kazunori Akiyama, co-leader of the EHT imaging group and a postdoc working at Haystack.
All four imaging teams previously tested their algorithms on other astrophysical objects, making sure that their techniques would produce an accurate visual representation of the radio data. When the files were released, Akiyama and his colleagues immediately ran the data through their respective algorithms. Importantly, each team did so independently of the others, to avoid any group bias in the results.
“The first image our group produced was slightly messy, but we saw this ring-like emission, and I was so excited at that moment,” Akiyama remembers. “But simultaneously I was worried that maybe I was the only person getting that black hole image.”
His concern was short-lived. Soon afterward all four teams met at the Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University to compare images, and found, with some relief, and much cheering and applause, that they all produced the same, lopsided, ring-like structure — the first direct images of a black hole.
“There have been ways to find signatures of black holes in astronomy, but this is the first time anyone’s ever taken a picture of one,” Crew says. “This is a watershed moment.”
“A new era”
The idea for the EHT was conceived in the early 2000s by Sheperd Doeleman, who was leading a pioneering VLBI program at Haystack Observatory and now directs the EHT project as an astronomer at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. At the time, Haystack engineers were developing the digital back-ends, recorders, and correlator that could process the enormous datastreams that an array of disparate telescopes would receive.
“The concept of imaging a black hole has been around for decades,” Lonsdale says. “But it was really the development of modern digital systems that got people thinking about radio astronomy as a way of actually doing it. More telescopes on mountaintops were being built, and the realization gradually came along that, hey, [imaging a black hole] isn’t absolutely crazy.”
In 2007, Doeleman’s team put the EHT concept to the test, installing Haystack’s recorders on three widely scattered radio telescopes and aiming them together at Sagittarius A*, the black hole at the center of our own galaxy.
“We didn’t have enough dishes to make an image,” recalls Fish, co-leader of the EHT science operations working group. “But we could see there was something there that’s about the right size.”
Today, the EHT has grown to an array of 11 observatories: ALMA, APEX, the Greenland Telescope, the IRAM 30-meter Telescope, the IRAM NOEMA Observatory, the Kitt Peak Telescope, the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, the Large Millimeter Telescope Alfonso Serrano, the Submillimeter Array, the Submillimeter Telescope, and the South Pole Telescope.
Coordinating observations and analysis has involved over 200 scientists from around the world who make up the EHT collaboration, with 13 main institutions, including Haystack Observatory. Key funding was provided by the National Science Foundation, the European Research Council, and funding agencies in East Asia, including the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. The telescopes contributing to this result were ALMA, APEX, the IRAM 30-meter telescope, the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, the Large Millimeter Telescope Alfonso Serrano, the Submillimeter Array, the Submillimeter Telescope, and the South Pole Telescope.
More observatories are scheduled to join the EHT array, to sharpen the image of M87 as well as attempt to see through the dense material that lies between Earth and the center of our own galaxy, to the heart of Sagittarius A*.
“We’ve demonstrated that the EHT is the observatory to see a black hole on an event horizon scale,” Akiyama says. “This is the dawn of a new era of black hole astrophysics.”
The Haystack EHT team includes John Barrett, Roger Cappallo, Joseph Crowley, Mark Derome, Kevin Dudevoir, Michael Hecht, Lynn Matthews, Kotaro Moriyama, Michael Poirier, Alan Rogers, Chester Ruszczyk, Jason SooHoo, Don Sousa, Michael Titus, and Alan Whitney. Additional contributors were MIT alumni Daniel Palumbo, Katie Bouman, Lindy Blackburn, and Bill Freeman, a professor in MIT’s Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.
Contacts and sources: Jennifer Chu Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Giant Triangle In The Clouds... And It's Visible From Satellite!!
Giant Triangle In The Clouds... And It's Visible From Satellite!!
Giant Triangle In The Clouds… And It’s Visible From Satellite!!
Thanks to MrBB333 for his incredible videos which are such a great service to humanity…
MrBB333 has a rather large research crew… namely, his subscribers and supporters who constantly send him videos of unusual happenings and weather…Folks… c’mon… there is evidence that things are not as they usually appear, and our star family is visiting us… there is a war in the heavens and if you are aware of chemtrails you know this.
For those who are ready and willing, and are holding the energy of soul love, you will be visited by our star family in one way or another… for others who think earth is all alone in the universe, and are not ready and are unwilling, they shall see nothing that will change their mind.
Astronomers Find Evidence of a Planet with a Mass Almost 13 Times that of Jupiter
Astronomers Find Evidence of a Planet with a Mass Almost 13 Times that of Jupiter
In the past three decades, almost 4,000 planet-like objects have been discovered orbiting isolated stars outside the solar system (exoplanets).
Beginning in 2011, it was possible to use NASA's Kepler Space Telescope to observe the first exoplanets in orbit around young binary systems of two live stars with hydrogen still burning in their core.
According to physorg. brazilian astronomers have now found the first evidence of the existence of an exoplanet orbiting an older or more evolved binary in which one of the two stars is dead.
The findings have just been published in the Astronomical Journal, published by the American Astronomical Society (AAS).
They Found Something In Outer Space and It's On It's Way Here!
WETENSCHAPEen hoogdag voor de astronomie: voor het eerst stelden sterrenkundigen een foto van een zwart gat voor. Het resultaat is een foto van een zwart gat dat drie miljoen keer zo groot is als onze aarde, bijna zo groot is als ons volledige zonnestelsel, en 6,5 miljard keer zo zwaar is als de zon. “De zwaargewicht kampioen van alle zwarte gaten in het heelal.” De primeur is weggelegd voor de astronomen van de Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), een internationale samenwerking. “We hebben hetgeen gezien waarvan we dachten dat het onmogelijk was om te zien”, aldus de directeur van EHT.
Voor de eerste keer zijn astronomen erin geslaagd om een foto van een zwart gat te maken. Bijzonder, want tot zover had men geen enkel idee hoe zoiets er in werkelijkheid uitziet. Een zwart gat – of een gebied in de astronomische ruimte waar de zwaartekracht zo sterk is dat niets eruit ontsnapt, zelfs geen licht - is vrij abstract. Onderzoekers staarden zich een halve eeuw blind op het fotograferen van een superzwaar zwart gat.
Nu dat eindelijk lukte, werd het resultaat wereldwijd met veel trots voorgesteld tijdens zes simultaan georganiseerde persconferenties. De ontdekking zou vergelijkbaar zijn met de maanlanding, en voortaan zal men spreken van “de tijd voor de foto en de tijd na de foto”.
Op de foto is een lege ruimte te zien waarrond een heldere ring - bestaande uit fotonen die door de sterke zwaartekracht in een baan rondom het gat gedwongen worden - brandt. In het midden is er een donkere vlek. Dat is de schaduw van de waarnemingshorizon. Daarin verdwijnt het licht. Eigenlijk is het zwart gat dus niet te zien op de foto, maar wel de schaduw daarrond waar al het licht in verdwijnt.
Oorspronkelijk zouden er twee foto’s getoond worden. Eentje van Sagittarius A, dat zich in het midden van de Melkweg bevindt. En eentje van een nog groter zwart gat in het midden van Messier 87 (M87), een elliptisch sterrenstelsel in het sterrenbeeld Maagd. De astronomen toonden enkel de foto van Messier 87, met de belofte dat de foto van het zwart gat van ons sterrenstelsel nog zal volgen.
Een foto van het zwart gat maken, komt neer op het fotograferen van een mosterdzaadje in Washington DC vanuit Brussel.
Astronomen van Event Horizon Telescope (EHT)
Gebrek aan licht
Aangezien een zwart gat geen licht uitzendt of terugkaatst, was het een heuse uitdaging om er een kiekje van te maken. Geen enkele telescoop is geavanceerd genoeg om een foto te maken. Daarom werd het internationale Event Horizon Telescope opgezet. Dat is een netwerk van acht radiotelescopen op vier continenten en meer dan tweehonderd mensen afkomstig uit minstens achttien landen. Het netwerk van telescopen maakte op exact hetzelfde moment foto’s. Via atoomklokken waren de telescopen op elkaar afgestemd zodat het hele proces synchroon verliep. Uiteindelijk werden de verschillende beelden verzameld en laag per laag samengevoegd.
Het zwart gat is zo’n 50 tot 55 miljoen lichtjaar van ons verwijderd. Daar een foto van nemen komt neer op het fotograferen van een mosterdzaadje in Washington DC vanuit Brussel, zo zeiden de sterrenkundigen op de persconferentie in Brussel. Een tweede vergelijking die tot de verbeelding spreekt: vanuit een café in Parijs een krant in New York lezen.
EPAHet team van de Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) tijdens de persconferentie in Brussel. In totaal werden er zes persconferenties wereldwijd én simultaan georganiseerd.
Zwart gat, wat is dat?
In 1964 bedacht John Wheeler de term ‘zwart gat’. Maar het zou nog tot 1984 duren voordat het bestaan ervan niet langer in twijfel werd getrokken. Geen wonder, want je kan ze niet zien omdat ze geen licht uitstralen. In een vroeger leven straalde zo’n zwart gat overigens wél licht uit. Een zwart gat is eigenlijk wat overblijft na de explosie van een ster, een ster die veel zwaarder was dan de zon. Tijdens zo’n explosie produceert de ster eventjes zoveel licht als het hele sterrenstelsel waartoe het behoort. Om daarna voor eeuwig zwart te worden. Daarom werden zwarte gaten voor 1964 ‘bevroren sterren’ genoemd. Verder nog wordt de kern van de explosie zo compact dat een zwart gat ontstaat. Omdat er niets aan de zwarte gaten kan ontsnappen - er kan alleen maar wat invallen – groeien ze doorheen de tijd in massa.
Het waarnemen van zwarte gaten gebeurt indirect, door het gedrag van nabijgelegen sterren of gas te bestuderen. Opnieuw is het gebrek aan licht daar een oorzaak van. De zoektocht naar een goede manier om het bestaan van zwarte gaten aan te tonen, nam dan ook een tijdje in beslag. John Tonry, een sterrenkundige aan het California Institute of Technology, bracht het eerste zwarte gat – op overtuigende wijze - in 1984 in kaart door stersnelheden te meten. Daaruit bleek dat er in de kern van een sterrenstelsel sterren honderd miljoen keer dichter op elkaar gepakt zitten: maak kennis met het zwart gat.
WETENSCHAPVast, vloeibaar of gasvormig: dat zijn de vormen waaronder materie doorgaans voorkomt. Maar wetenschappers hebben ontdekt dat er onder extreme druk en temperaturen ook andere vormen kunnen ontstaan en de recentste is een toestand die tegelijk vast en vloeibaar is.
“Het zou zijn alsof je een spons vol water vasthoudt, die langzaam begint uit te lopen”, aldus fysicus Andreas Hermann van de universiteit van Edinburgh, die meewerkte aan het onderzoek. “Met dien verstande dat de spons ook van water zou zijn.”
Het team gebruikte een vorm van artificiële intelligentie om de ontdekking te doen: een toestel dat voorspellingen kan doen op basis van eerdere waarnemingen.
Het kwam te weten dat de atomen van het element kalium vast en vloeibaar tegelijk kunnen zijn onder een druk van 20.000 tot 40.000 keer de atmosferische druk en een temperatuur tussen 127 en 527 graden Celsius. De atoomketens waaruit kalium bestaat worden dan vloeibaar, terwijl de rest van de kaliumkristallen in een vaste staat blijven. Die omstandigheden komen op aarde voor in de aardmantel, vlak onder de aardkorst.
Het is de allereerste keer dat wetenschappers erin slagen om te bewijzen dat een dergelijke staat thermodynamisch stabiel is voor om het even welk element. Het onderzoek werd gepubliceerd in het wetenschappelijk tijdschrift Proceedings of the National Academy of Science.
Supervloeistoffen
De nieuwe vorm van materie wordt toegevoegd aan een opmerkelijk lijstje van ongewone vormen van materie. Daarin vind je ook plasma (een extreem hete vorm van gas waarin de kernen van de atomen gescheiden worden van de elektronen, zodat ze beïnvloed kunnen worden door elektrische en magnetische velden), superconductoren (metalen die afgekoeld worden tot erg lage temperaturen zodat elektriciteit erdoor kan vloeien zonder weerstand) en supervloeistoffen (een vloeistof die wordt afgekoeld tot het absolute nulpunt zodat ze kan stromen zonder weerstand en zelfs langs de wand van een recipiënt omhoog kan klimmen en langs de buitenkant omlaag kan druppelen) terug.
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Wat weet u nog over het zwarte gat? 5 vragen over het fenomeen beantwoord - HLN.be
Wat weet u nog over het zwarte gat? 5 vragen over het fenomeen beantwoord - HLN.be
NASA / Dana Berry / SkyWorks Digital.
WETENSCHAPEen primeur voor de sterrenkunde: vandaag werd de eerste foto ooit van een zwart gat in het heelal getoond, met dank aan astronomen van het Event Horizon Telescope project. Voor wie zelf met een zwart gat zit ten tijde van die les aardrijkskunde: dr. Alex Lobel (Belgische Sterrenwacht) legt uit wat het precies is en wat deze sterrenkundige primeur betekent voor de wetenschap.
1. Wat is een zwart gat ?
Een zwart gat is een gebied in het heelal met zo’n grote zwaartekracht waardoor niets er kan aan ontsnappen. Alles wat dicht bij een zwart gat in de buurt komt, verdwijnt in dat gat en komt er niet meer uit. Ook licht kan niet aan zo’n gat ontsnappen, waardoor de gaten niet zichtbaar zijn. “Het is een zeer grote massa die samengedrukt is,” verduidelijkt Dr. Alex Lobel van de Koninklijke Belgische Sterrenwacht. “Je hebt ze in enorme variaties qua grootte. Het zwarte gat uit ons Melkwegstelsel dat voor dit EHT-project in beeld werd gebracht, is een enorm, massief gat. Zo’n gat kan tot 4,1 miljoen keer de massa van de zon beslaan. Maar je hebt er ook meerdere kleintjes in elk sterrenstelsel.”
Lobel: “Een zwart gat kan ontstaan wanneer een zware ster zijn levenseinde nadert en verzwakt. Een ster die zwaarder is dan de zon, komt aan zijn einde door een krachtige ‘supernova-explosie’. Daarbij produceert ze een korte tijd heel veel licht, waarbij de kern van de ster kan imploderen en heel compact wordt. Zo blijft een lege ruimte achter, het “zwarte gat”. De term werd eind jaren ’60 bedacht door de Amerikaanse fysicus John Wheeler. Het eerste zwarte gat werd door de Amerikaanse sterrenkundige John Tonry in 1984 in kaart gebracht, door stersnelheden te meten.
3. Waarom konden we het nog nooit op foto vastleggen?
Zwarte gaten zijn - no shit, Sherlock - zwart. Ze zenden zelf geen licht uit en kaatsen het ook niet terug, waardoor je ze niet kan zien. “Wel kan je zwarte gaten indirect waarnemen, door de gedragingen van hemellichamen of gassen in de nabije omgeving van het gat te observeren,” legt Lobel uit. “Zo wordt het gas van een ster in de buurt naar het zwarte gat toe gezogen en zal ze een baan er omheen gaan beschrijven.” Zo’n beweging is bijvoorbeeld zichtbaar door de röntgenstraling die het veroorzaakt en kan je observeren met een röntgentelescoop.
4. Hoe kunnen wetenschappers een zwart gat nu toch vastleggen op foto?
Lobel: “Om dit te kunnen doen, heb je in principe een telescoop nodig die even groot is als de Aarde. Maar dat is niet haalbaar. In plaats daarvan zette Het Event Horizon Telescope project een netwerk van 8 telescopen wereldwijd uit van 14 verschillende wetenschappelijke instellingen. Via atoomklokken zijn de telescopen op elkaar afgestemd om het hele proces synchroon te laten verlopen. Zo kan je haarscherpe beelden krijgen binnen het millimetergebied van zo’n zwart gat.” Een technisch ingewikkeld en uniek project, benadrukt Lobel. “Het is heel bijzonder dat dit nu gebeurt, maar daarom ook arbeidsintensief en prijzig. Het is niet onlogisch dat het zo lang geduurd heeft voor het geprobeerd werd.”
5. Wat betekent deze sterrenkundige primeur voor de wetenschap?
Zwarte gaten vormen al langer de geheimzinnige exotische vrucht van de wetenschap. Ze nu ook in beeld kunnen brengen, kan nuttig zijn om de relativiteitstheorie van Einstein verder te testen. Lobel: “Zwarte gaten zijn omgevingen met de meest extreme zwaartekrachtomstandigheden van het universum. Daarom zijn ze erg dankbaar om theorieën over die kracht te testen. Zo voorspelt Einsteins relativiteitstheorie dat op de rand van het zwarte gat de tijd daar stil staat. Maar de theorie is 100 jaar oud. Klopt ze nog, of zijn er aanpassingen nodig? Dat we de zwarte gaten nu ook van dichtbij kunnen bekijken, is een heel dankbare stap om dat verder te bestuderen.”
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Wetenschappers ontdekken onbekend 430 miljoen jaar oud zeewezen - HLN.be
Wetenschappers ontdekken onbekend 430 miljoen jaar oud zeewezen - HLN.be
Getty Images/iStockphoto/Elissa Martin, Yale Peabody Museum of Natural HistoryDe nieuwe diersoort Sollasina cthulhu (rechts). Links een afbeelding van Cthulhu zoals we het wezen kennen uit de verhalen van H.P. Lovecraft.
WETENSCHAPBritse en Amerikaanse onderzoekers hebben een nieuwe diersoort ontdekt in een fossiel van 430 miljoen jaar oud. De soort zou verwant zijn aan de zeekomkommer die we vandaag nog kennen en werd Sollasina cthulhu gedoopt, naar het monster uit de verhalen van H.P. Lovecraft.
De uiterlijke gelijkenis is er dan ook wel. H.P. Lovecraft omschreef Cthulhu als een (fictieve) kolossale monsterlijke godheid met tentakels, die miljoenen jaren geleden op aarde terechtkwam. De pas ontdekte diersoort heeft dan wel maar de grootte van een stevige spin, ze heeft ook tentakelachtige uitsteeksels, waarmee ze zich over de bodem van de oceaan bewoog en voedsel ving.
De ontdekking werd gedaan door wetenschappers van de universiteiten van Yale, Oxford en Leicester, het Imperial College London en University College London. Ze publiceerden er een paper over die vandaag verscheen in het wetenschappelijk tijdschrift Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
Het fossiel werd gevonden in het Engelse Herefordshire, aan de grens met Wales. Daar komt Lagerstätte voor, een gesteente dat bijzonder goed bewaarde fossielen bevat en in het verleden al een schatkamer bleek te zijn van gefossiliseerde oude zeewezens. (lees hieronder verder)
Elissa Martin, Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History
“In onze paper hebben we het over een nieuw soort van stekelhuidigen, waartoe ook de huidige zee-egels, zeekomkommers en zeesterren behoren”, aldus paleontoloog Derek Briggs van de universiteit van Yale. “Ook de weke delen van het dier zijn bewaard gebleven. De nieuwe soort behoort tot een grotere groep die intussen uitgestorven is, de Ophiocistioidea.”
3D-simulatie
De wetenschappers slaagden erin om een 3D-simulatie te maken van de nieuwe diersoort, door honderden dwarsdoorsneden te maken van het fossiel – zonder het te beschadigen – en het op die manier laagje per laagje te ontleden. Zo werden interne structuren blootgelegd van het watervatensysteem die voorheen nog onbekend waren. En ontdekten de wetenschappers dat de soort nauwer verwant is met de zeekomkommer dan met de zee-egel.
“Met het watervatensysteem bewogen ze de tentakelachtige uitsteeksels die ze gebruikten om zich voort te bewegen en voedsel te vangen”, aldus nog Briggs. “In tegenstelling tot bij de huidige stekelhuidigen waren de uiteinden van de tentakels bij de Ophiocistioidea bedekt met plaatjes. Daaruit maken we op dat het om een compleet andere soort ging dan de huidige zeekomkommers.”
William Maillis is literally a “genius.” By the time he was only 7 months old, he was already speaking in full sentences. Just before his second birthday, he was adding numbers, and by age 2, he was multiplying them. Now, Maillis is 11 years old, and he enrolled in Carnegie Mellon University last fall with his sights set on becoming an astrophysicist.
Yet, Maillis is more than just a child prodigy; as the son of a Greek preacher, Peter Maillis, he’s also a person of great faith. The young scholar is on a self-determined mission rooted deeply in his belief: to use science to prove that God exists. No less.
With all of his remarkable achievements, young Maillis’s “genius” title was made official when Joanne Ruthsatz, a psychologist at Ohio State University, declared it. He graduated from high school at age 9 and more recently became the youngest graduate of St. Petersburg College in July of 2018.
Nor is the young man from Pennsylvania afraid of challenging established ideas. Maillis claims that he can prove both Einstein and Stephen Hawking wrong when it comes to the topic of the universe’s origin, saying that he disagrees with some of their discoveries. In particular, he disagrees with the idea that there is no God—scientists such as Hawking have declared themselves atheists.
To drive home the point, Hawking once wrote the following:
Before we understood science, it was natural to believe that God created the universe, but now science offers a more convincing explanation. What I meant by ‘we would know the mind of God’ is we would know everything that God would know if there was a God, but there isn’t. I’m an atheist.
Yet, according to Maillis, it is more logical to say that there is a god than not. He hopes to prove that only an “outside force” could have created the universe, and thus that “God does exist.” Using simple logic, he outlines his general idea:
Well, because there’s these atheists that try to say that there is no God, when in reality it takes more faith to believe that there’s no God than it does to believe that there is a God … Because it makes more sense that something created the universe than that the universe created itself. It takes more faith to say the universe created itself than to say something other created the universe because that is more logical.
In an interview with the Hellenic College Holy Cross, he spelled out his (more logical) conclusion in greater detail:
We know the universe has an age, riht? 13.8 billion years. So, 13.8 billion years ago, the entire universe was reduced to a singularity, a particle smaller than a quark. However, if gravity is always working, i.e.: if you jumped off this building, you’re not going to fall 15 seconds later, you’re going to fall immediately, so, if gravity was always working, and the singularity was always there […] then the universe should have no age, it should be infinitely old. But it’s not, it’s 13.8 billion years old. And something can’t come from nothing, because it would have to exist in order to cause itself to exist, which is illogical. So, therefore, something other must have created the singularity, and that something other me observe as God.
While surely many of his peers are spending their school days shooting paper wads in class or waiting for the home-time bell to ring, Maillis ponders the larger questions of life and the universe. He explains during a question-and-answer period that after he “proves the existence of God” he wants to continue exploring further. “There’s so much we don’t know,” he says, adding with a smile that “there’s even more things that we don’t know we don’t know!”
11-jarig wonderkind wil op deze manier bewijzen dat Einstein en Hawking het bij het verkeerde eind hadden
11-jarig wonderkind wil op deze manier bewijzen dat Einstein en Hawking het bij het verkeerde eind hadden
William Maillis haalde op 9-jarige leeftijd zijn middelbareschooldiploma en studeerde afgelopen zomer op 11-jarige leeftijd af aan het St. Petersburg College in Florida.
Hij was de enige student in zijn klas die geen aantekeningen maakte. Hij luistert, leest en neemt alle kennis in zich op.
Toen hij twee jaar oud was kon William al lezen, schrijven en rekenen. Op zijn vierde leerde hij Grieks en drie jaar later had hij de trigonometrie onder de knie.
Onjuist
Het wonderkind wil astrofysicus worden en bewijzen dat God bestaat. Hij wil laten zien dat slechts één externe kracht in staat is het universum te vormen.
Hij is van plan te laten zien dat de theorieën van wetenschappers als Albert Einstein en Stephen Hawking over het universum, onjuist zijn.
In een interview met het Hellenic College Holy Cross zei hij:
We weten hoe oud het universum is, toch? 13,8 miljard jaar. Dus 13,8 miljard jaar geleden was het hele universum niets meer dan een singulariteit, een deeltje kleiner dan een quark. Maar als de zwaartekracht altijd werkt – dus als je van een gebouw springt, val je niet 15 seconden later, maar gelijk – en als de singulariteit er altijd is geweest, dan zou het universum geen leeftijd moeten hebben. Het zou oneindig oud moeten zijn. Maar dat is het niet, het is 13,8 miljard jaar oud. Je kunt niet iets uit het niets maken, omdat het eerst moet bestaan. Iets anders moet dus die singulariteit hebben gecreëerd en dat is God.
“Er is zoveel dat we niet weten,” zei William. “Maar er zijn nog veel meer dingen waarvan we niet weten dat we ze niet weten!”
Vrijgegeven CIA-documenten geven uniek inkijkje in topgeheim illegaal project MK-ULTRA. Is dit slechts het topje van de ijsberg?
Vrijgegeven CIA-documenten geven uniek inkijkje in topgeheim illegaal project MK-ULTRA. Is dit slechts het topje van de ijsberg?
Er zijn verontrustende details naar buiten gekomen over geheime experimenten rond hersenspoeling die werden uitgevoerd door de CIA. Decennialang heeft de Amerikaanse overheid geprobeerd documenten hierover te verbergen.
De nieuwe documenten onthullen hoe de spionagedienst met drugs, hypnose en elektrische apparaten experimenteerde op mensen en dieren.
De experimenten waren onderdeel van het topgeheime, illegale project MK-ULTRA. Volgens experts is het goed mogelijk dat het project nooit is beëindigd.
Geheugenverlies
Eén van de stukken onthult hoe de CIA met drugs experimenteerde op gevangenen die in afwachting waren van hun proces.
Uit een ander document blijkt dat de spionagedienst methodes uitwerkte om geheugenverlies te veroorzaken bij mensen.
De CIA werkte verder aan spraaktechnieken die konden worden gebruikt om een grote mensenmassa te hersenspoelen en mensen ontvankelijker te maken voor bepaalde boodschappen.
Volledig herschrijven
De dienst was vooral geïnteresseerd in experimenten die normaal gesproken ‘te gevaarlijk, te schokkend of te ongewoon’ werden geacht, aldus een memo uit 1956.
De stukken zijn boven water gehaald door John Greenewald en op zijn website The Black Vault gepubliceerd.
Greenewald, die al sinds 1999 probeerde om inzage te krijgen in de documenten, zei dat ze ‘de geschiedenis van het controversiële project volledig herschrijven’.
Topje van de ijsberg
“Probeert de CIA nog altijd projecten in de doofpot te stoppen die in de jaren vijftig en zestig hebben plaatsgevonden? Ja,” zei hij.
Volgens Greenewald is MK-ULTRA slechts het topje van de ijsberg en zijn er nog veel meer van dit soort geheime projecten rond hersenspoeling en manipulatie.
Large meteor explodes in sky over Siberia in third major space fireball incursion in four months
Large meteor explodes in sky over Siberia in third major space fireball incursion in four months
By The Siberian Times reporter
Bright and noisy with a long, sparkling green and yellow tail, it was filmed by multiple observers in Krasnoyarsk region.
Busy receiving space wanderes, this time a bolide is seen in sky over Krasnoyarsk. Picture: The Siberian Times
The phenomenon caused fear on the ground.
‘I panicked as it sounded and looked like a plane on fire, I got really scared of the noise and shine it created’, said a local woman from Krasnoyarsk, the large industrial city.
‘I pulled a phone out of a pocket, but it flew across the sky so fast that I only caught a long white trace it left.’
Some residents said the meteor was blindingly bright, akin to the light and sparks created during intense welding work.
It split into several parts before disappearing in the sky somewhere over Irkutsk region, east of Krasnoyarsk.
Large meteor explodes in sky over Siberia in third major space fireball incursion in four months.
Pictures: The Siberian Times
The local ministry of emergencies confirmed it registered a meteor, and said that it didn’t pose a threat to people or infrastructure.
It is the third major meteor or meteorite event in four months.
On 18 December a meteor exploded close to Russia’s Kamchatka peninsula with a force ten times more powerful than the Hiroshima atomic bomb, according to NASA.
On 15 March a meteorite slammed into Krasnoyarsk region with local reports saying it ‘warmed the air’ and ‘shook the ground’ after streaking across the sky in a green, yellow and orange fireball.
This came down close to the site of the Tunguska Event in 1911 when a meteor exploded in the atmosphere wiping out 80 million trees, and with the estimated force of 185 Hiroshima bombs.
THE THIRD MAJOR SPACE FIREBALL INCURSION IN FOUR MONTHS
Expert Viktor Grokhovsky from Ural Federal University, studied the videos of the 6 April event and concluded that the recent space guest was a bolide.
‘It exploded quite high in the sky somewhere over Irkutsk region,’ he concluded.
'It was a bolide that moved with a speed higher than the New Tunguska meteorite (LINK) from Evenkia.
‘Its structure must have been quite loose given that it split into fragments.’
The latest meteor incursion was spotted by dash cams and eye witnesses around 7 pm on 6 April.
Why does anyone live in Siberia anymore? True, there haven’t been any massive sinkholes appearing after deafening booms lately, but global warming hasn’t abated and it’s only a matter of time before more permafrost thaws and releases more methane, opening more ground-swallowing lake-forming orifices. Then there’s the meteors … there have been three major meteor events since December 2018 in the Tunguska area. True, none of them compare to the famous Tunguska Event in 1908 which obliterated 2,000 square km (770 square miles) of forest, so some Siberians may be thinking that – like with never-the-same-spot-twice lightning strikes or 100-year-floods – it’s safe to live there again. That feeling was obliterated too last week when two huge fireballs flew over the same area and one crashed to Earth, causing experts to call it the “New Tunguska” meteorite. Has the mass exodus to Moscow started yet?
“I panicked as it sounded and looked like a plane on fire, I got really scared of the noise and shine it created. I pulled a phone out of a pocket, but it flew across the sky so fast that I only caught a long white trace it left.”
A woman from Krasnoyarsk described the daytime April 6 fireball to The Siberian Times, which reports there were many witnesses and many photographs and videos of the event. (View photos here, video here.)The local ministry of emergencies a usual said there was nothing to worry about since it didn’t pose a threat to people or infrastructure. That’s probably what the government officials living upstream of Tunguska said of the meteor passing overhead in 1908.
“It was a bolide that moved with a speed higher than the New Tunguska meteorite (LINK) from Evenkia. Its structure must have been quite loose given that it split into fragments.”
Viktor Grokhovsky from Ural Federal University joined the “too late to worry about it now” crowd in pointing out that the April 6 bolide broke apart in the atmosphere. That’s not what happened on March 15 however.
“I was home when I heard loud thunder which sounded like an explosion. There was a huge glow, floor trembled and dry branches fell of a birch tree in the yard. I panicked and called my brother who lives some 300 metres away. He said he wondered if this was a plane crash.”
Natalia Moskvitina, head of the Uchami, Evenk, village in Northern Siberia described the meteor to the Siberian Times.That nighttime green, yellow and orange fireball was also seen and recorded by many witnesses. (View photos here.) Of course, who listens to witnesses and local officials? NGS24.RU news quoted Viktor Grokhovsky:
“I think it was a meteoroid no larger than a meter in size. Unlike the Chelyabinsk meteorite, it moved at a slower speed.”
Grokhovsky compared it to the 2013 Chelyabinsk meteorite which injured over 1,000 people. The New Tunguska couldn’t possibly injure that many because there’s only 97 native Evenks living in Uchami. However, it did punch a big hole in the one-meter thick ice on the Podkamennaya Tunguska river and officials verified that at least one fragment is in it and will be searched for when the weather warms (one weekend in July).
Summer is here!
And don’t forget the December 18 meteor which exploded near the Kamchatka peninsula with a force ten times more powerful than the Hiroshima atomic bomb yet wasn’t reported until months later, even though it probably measured up to 100 meters in diameter. Apparently there were no officials in the area to say “Nothing to worry about.”
Is there something to worry about? Is Siberia becoming some kind of meteor magnet?
Lake Cheko in the Siberian region of Tunguska has recently emerged as a candidate for an “impact site” linked to the famous Tunguska explosion of 1908.
Credit: www-th.bo.infn.it/tunguska / University of Bologna
Everyone knows the three basic states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. Most are probably aware that plasma is a word that means something. Yet there are other, more exotic states of matter that exist in extreme circumstances. Scientists at the University of Edinburgh have recently confirmed the existence of a bizarre new state of matter that is both a liquid and a solid. This discovery couldn’t have been more perfectly timed than early April, lovingly referred to up here in New England as “mud season.”
This new state of matter is far stranger than mud. Which isn’t that high a bar, admittedly, but it’s pretty strange. The liquid/solid hybrid state of matter was observed in potassium atoms under extreme pressure. When compressed to extremes, the potassium crystallized into a strange and surprising state—a “chain-melted” state— that managed to act as both a liquid and a solid. What does that mean? Described as a “leaky crystal,” holding a chunk of this chain-melted potassium—although at the extreme pressures needed, your hand would be completely pulverized— would look like a solid block that slowly dripped molten potassium until it completely vanished.
One of the co-authors of the study, Andreas Herrman, a compressed matter physicist at the University of Edinburgh, illustrates it another way:
“It would be like holding a sponge filled with water that starts dripping out, except the sponge is also made of water.”
It’s sponges all the way down.
It is believed that potassium and other similar metals could exist in this state deep under the earth’s mantle, where the pressure and temperature is extreme enough to do weird things to them.
This isn’t the first time this state of matter had been observed, but until now scientists were divided on what they had observed. The first observation of this strange new state of matter happened 15 years ago, when scientists observed the phenomenon occurring in sodium atoms. Sodium crystals are normally extremely conductive to electricity and heat, but scientists discovered that when pushed to extreme conditions—20,000 times the pressure of the earth’s surface—sodium transformed from a silver block to a transparent crystal that became resistant to electricity. Scientists didn’t know what to make of it and weren’t sure if this constituted a new state of matter or not.
Squeeze this bad boy hard enough and it’ll start being weird.
The recent experiments with potassium confirmed it. After observing the chain-melted state in small groups of atoms, the team used artificial intelligence to simulate how groups of potassium atoms in the tens of thousands would behave. The simulations confirmed that what they were observing was the first example of a chain-melted element being thermodynamically stable.
Besides just being pretty cool, this discovery will help scientists model how elements behave at these high temperatures and pressures. Which, of course, doesn’t have much of a bearing on me or you, but our comfy little oasis on planet earth is an anomaly in the universe. Most of the matter in the universe is contained in stars and planets and subject to the conditions that we don’t have to deal with. So this discovery will allow scientists a much more detailed understanding of how those stars and planets—including our own—operate. And the rest of us? We get to deal with mud season.
Archaeologists have discovered a well-preserved “fast food” counter in the ancient Roman city of Pompeii. Around 150 thermopolia (or snack bars) have already been discovered around the city and they were primarily used by poor locals who didn’t have cooking facilities in their homes. Coarse bread with salty fish, lentils, baked cheese, and spicy wine were the typical items found on the menus. Unfortunately for the less fortunate citizens who had no choice but to eat at the “fast food” counters, they were mocked and scorned by the more elite residents.
The 2,000-year-old relic with a beautifully frescoed counter was found in Regio V, which is a 54-acre site located north of the archaeological park. There were other relics found in that area which includes a very well-preserved fresco with the image of the mythological hunter Narcissus looking at his own reflection in a pool of water. Remains of two women and three children were also discovered, as well as the remains of a harnessed horse and saddle. These recent findings in Pompeii are the most comprehensive excavations in that area since the 1960s.
Pompeii
Pompeii is one of the world’s most visited archaeological sites. The city was destroyed in 79 A.D. by a devastating volcanic eruption that killed over 2,000 residents. But later in the 16thcentury, the ruins were found with the first excavations taking place in 1748.
You can see pictures of the ancient “fast food” counter by clicking here.
Dozens of thermopolia, or snack bars, have been found across Pompeii.
Photograph: Massimo Ossana/Instagram
In other news, people from all around the world saw history being made on Sunday, April 7, 2019 when Egyptian archaeologists and other researchers discovered a 2,500-year-old mummy of a high priest on the live television event, “Expedition Unknown: Egypt Live”. They not only found the mummy of the high priest, but also two other mummies as well as several antiquities including a wax head. They believe that the wax head is that of one of the high priests called “Irt Hrw”. In fact, the head is the exact cast of a high priest mummy from 2,500 years ago.
The episode was filmed in a labyrinth of underground tombs and inner chambers of a remote burial site called Al-Ghorifa which is around 165 miles south of Cairo, Egypt. The live broadcast was viewed by millions of people worldwide who watched as host Josh Gates, Egyptologist Dr. Zahi Hawass, and several other researchers made the historic discoveries.
Egyptian Sarcophagus (not the one mentioned in this article)
In addition to the mummy of a powerful high priest, two other mummies that are believed to be connected to each other were found. One of the mummies, based on the artifacts that were discovered near the body, was that of a female. The second mummy was found inside of the “Family Tomb” which was the resting place of a whole family dating back 2,500 years. Other items found in the Family Tomb were the remains of a family dog, an ancient Egyptian board game, and four canopic jars that were used to hold the organs of the mummy. The inscriptions found on his sarcophagus indicate that the second mummy was a male singer in the temple of Thoth who is an Egyptian god.
Since time unremembered human beings have dreamed of immortality, and it has featured in many of our most profound legends and myths. For millennia we have tried magic, various herbs and potions, and in more modern times the power of medicine and DNA to prolong our lives, to stop the inexorable approach of death and indeed to live forever. Yet this must surely be an unobtainable goal, right? After all, nothing lives forever, and death is an immutable natural companion of life, unavoidable and inevitable, is it not? Well, not exactly, it seems, for there is one known organism on this planet of ours that truly has the capacity to live on indefinitely, effectively immortal and cheating the cycle of life and death. Welcome to the world of Earth’s only immortal animal.
The creature in question is one that you would probably not even typically notice, let alone realize how truly unique it is. Measuring only 4.5 millimeters (0.18 in) across and equally as long, about the same size as the nail of your pinky, and almost entirely transparent, it is a type of tiny jellyfish native to the Mediterranean Sea, although they have spread worldwide through the ballast of ships, called Turritopsis dohrnii, or more commonly called by its popular name the “immortal jellyfish.” Within its genus Turritopsis it is very similar in physical appearance with its cousins but special in that, of the three known species it shares the genus with, it is the only one that has proven to be technically immortal, able to quite possibly live forever.
The Immortal Jellyfish
In order to understand how this could possibly be, it is important to understand a little about the typical life cycle of jellyfish. Male jellyfish release free-floating sperm that drift with the current until they meet up with an egg from a female, after which tiny swimming larvae are formed, which are called planula. These planula meander about swimming through the sea until they are ready for the next stage of their development, sinking down to attach to something on the bottom, usually a rock. They then undergo a shocking transformation, completely reconfiguring into specialized colonies of tubular polyps that wave about in the current until tiny larva emerge to detach from the polyp tips and swim off to form fully-formed jellyfish, called the medusa, going on to mature into sexually mature adults to start the cycle all over again.
While there are variations in this basic cycle among different jellyfish species, typically most jellyfish will carry out their lives and die just like any other animal. However, the Turritopsis dohrnii is different in that it just won’t conform to that standard way of nature. When faced with starvation, environmental stress, or mortal injury that would kill most normal jellyfish, they instead undergo a bizarre metamorphosis. They pull their tentacles into themselves and their bodies shrink, and to a casual observer it might seem as if they are indeed withering away and dying, but this could not be further from the truth. Instead, they are reversing time in a sense, turning back the biological clock and reprogramming their cells to revert back into their polyp state. After changing into a shapeless blob of tissue, they change back into a polyp colony, and a new jellyfish is born, completely genetically identical to the original, in essence skipping back in time to start over again. It is called “transdifferentiation,” and they can then repeat this very unique and amazing process again and again as needed, quite possibly forever, making them effectively immortal. One Dr Karl Kruszelnicki has explained it:
It’s kind of like a butterfly that instead of dying changes back to a caterpillar, or an aged chicken turning back into an egg. It’s not a blueprint for humans to use so that we could potentially cycle indefinitely between a baby and an aged adult, and then back to baby, and so on—forever.
Turritopsis dohrnii only needs to do this when faced by damage or threats, because they also have the unique ability to revert their cells to a younger state at any time, meaning that they essentially don’t age and they can also reassign and reprogram cells to perform different functions as needed. This ability to halt aging or even reverse it does not mean that they cannot die, as being eaten by a predator or suffering a severe disease or a decisive catastrophic injury will kill them, but for all intents and purposes they are basically immortal, and no one is quite sure yet how they do it or what mechanisms are involved. We also don’t know yet if other species can pull off this incredible feat of eternal rejuvenation or if Turritopsis dohrnii is the only one, making it all a profound mystery of the natural world.
Whether it is completely unique or not, it is not difficult to see the potential this could all have on the field of medicine, and scientists have been intensely studying Turritopsis dohrnii for clues in deciphering how its eternal youth and ability to travel back to earlier life stages works. This is seen as being a potential key to the fountain of youth, perhaps extending life in human beings, offering possible ways to battle diseases such as cancer or Parkinson’s disease, or a means to revitalize or repair damaged tissue. The mystery might one day be solved, but in the meantime the world’s only known immortal organism floats on through the water, keeping its secrets close and hovering on potentially forever, living the fantasy humans have had since we first even became conscious of our own mortality.
Fossilised remains of ‘Cthulhu’ creature that stalked the seas 430MILLION years ago found in Herefordshire
Fossilised remains of ‘Cthulhu’ creature that stalked the seas 430MILLION years ago found in Herefordshire
The ancient species had a tangle of tentacles just like HP Lovecraft's ferocious fictional monster
By Harry Pettit, Senior Digital Technology and Science Reporter
THE REMAINS of an ancient sea creature that lurked at the bottom of the ocean millions of years ago have been found in Britain.
It has been named Cthulhu by boffins because its many flailing tentacles resemble the deadly arms of the infamous fictional sea beast.
ELISSA MARTIN, YALE PEABODY MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
Artist's impression of the newly discovered sea creature
However, the animal – known as Sollasina cthulhu – was far less destructive than its namesake.
It was a tiny type of sea cucumber, the group that includes the placid modern sea pig and its relatives.
Scientists say the discovery could shed new light on the early evolution of the sea cucumber, which have lived in our oceans for hundreds of millions of years.
They dug up the fossilised remains in Herefordshire and were baffled as to what they'd found.
IMRAN RAHMAN/OXFORD UNIVERSITY MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
A 3D reconstruction of Sollasina cthulhu. Tube feet are shown in different colours
Dating back 430million years, it lived during a time when what is now Britain was covered in water.
The fossilised creature had 45 tentacles, branching out from a central body covered in armour plates.
Its many arms helped it crawl around the seafloor, where it spent the vast majority of its time.
It also used them to move food into its mouth, with its diet likely consisting of algae and other tiny microorganisms – just like modern sea cucumbers.
GETTY - CONTRIBUTOR
Cthulhu is a fictional sea beast dreamed up by H P Lovecraft
At just 3cm wide, Sollasina was hardly an intimidating beast, but it's helping scientists work out the evolutionary tree of Earth's ancient oceans.
"We carried out a number of analyses to work out whether Sollasina was more closely related to sea cucumbers or sea urchins," said University College London scientist Dr Jeffrey Thompson.
"To our surprise, the results suggest it was an ancient sea cucumber. This helps us understand the changes that occurred during the early evolution of the group, which ultimately gave rise to the slug-like forms we see today."
A new species of extinct sea cucumber named Sollasina cthulhu, for its resemblance to H.P. Lovecraft’s famous monster
This is a life reconstruction of Sollasina cthulhu.
Credit: Elissa Martin, Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History
An exceptionally-preserved fossil from Herefordshire in the UK has given new insights into the early evolution of sea cucumbers, the group that includes the sea pig and its relatives, according to a new article published today in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
Palaeontologists from the UK and USA created an accurate 3D computer reconstruction of the 430 million-year-old fossil which allowed them to identify it as a species new to science. They named the animal Sollasina cthulhu due to its resemblance to monsters from the fictional Cthulhu universe created by author H.P. Lovecraft.
Although the fossil is just 3 cm wide, its many long tentacles would have made it appear quite monstrous to other small sea creatures alive at the time. It is thought that these tentacles, or ‘tube feet’, were used to capture food and crawl over the seafloor.
Like other fossils from Herefordshire, Sollasina cthulhu was studied using a method that involved grinding it away, layer-by-layer, with a photograph taken at each stage. This produced hundreds of slice images, which were digitally reconstructed as a ‘virtual fossil’.
This 3D reconstruction allowed palaeontologists to visualise an internal ring, which they interpreted as part of the water vascular system – the system of fluid-filled canals used for feeding and movement in living sea cucumbers and their relatives.
Lead author, Dr Imran Rahman, Deputy Head of Research at Oxford University Museum of Natural History said: “Sollasina belongs to an extinct group called the ophiocistioids, and this new material provides the first information on the group’s internal structures. This includes an inner ring-like form that has never been described in the group before. We interpret this as the first evidence of the soft parts of the water vascular system in ophiocistioids.”
3D reconstruction of Sollasina cthulhu. Tube feet shown in different colors.
Credit: Imran Rahman, Oxford University Museum of Natural History
The new fossil was incorporated into a computerized analysis of the evolutionary relationships of fossil sea cucumbers and sea urchins. The results showed that Sollasina and its relatives are most closely related to sea cucumbers, rather than sea urchins, shedding new light on the evolutionary history of the group.
Co-author Dr Jeffrey Thompson, Royal Society Newton International Fellow at University College London, said:
“We carried out a number of analyses to work out whether Sollasina was more closely related to sea cucumbers or sea urchins. To our surprise, the results suggest it was an ancient sea cucumber. This helps us understand the changes that occurred during the early evolution of the group, which ultimately gave rise to the slug-like forms we see today.”
The fossil was described by an international team of researchers from Oxford University Museum of Natural History, University of Southern California, Yale University, University of Leicester, and Imperial College London. It represents one of many important finds recovered from the Herefordshire fossil site in the UK, which is famous for preserving both the soft as well as the hard parts of fossils.
The fossil slices and 3D reconstruction are housed at Oxford University Museum of Natural History.
Contacts and sources: Dr Imran Rahman Deputy Head of Research Oxford University Museum of Natural History
Citation: ‘A new ophiocistioid with soft-tissue preservation from the Silurian Herefordshire Lagerstätte, and the evolution of the holothurian body plan’ by Imran Rahman, Jeffrey Thompson, Derek Briggs, David Siveter, Derek Siveter and Mark Sutton in Proceedings of the Royal Society B http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/lookup/doi/10.1098/rspb.2018.2792
Elon Musk’s private space company has scheduled the second Falcon Heavy Rocket launch and this time, they’re getting paid to do it.
A SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket will launch the Arabsat 6A communications satellite for Arabsat of Saudi Arabia. Arabsat 6A will provide Ku-band and Ka-band communications coverage over the Middle East and North Africa regions, as well as a footprint in South Africa.
SpaceX is targeting Wednesday, April 10 for the Falcon Heavy launch of the Arabsat-6A satellite from Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida.
The primary launch window opens at 6:35 p.m. EDT, or 22:35 UTC, and closes at 8:32 p.m. EDT, or 00:32 p.m. UTC on Thursday, April 11. A backup launch window opens on Thursday, April 11 at 6:35 p.m. EDT, or 22:35 UTC, and closes at 8:31 p.m. EDT, or 00:31 UTC on Friday, April 12.
The satellite will be deployed approximately 34 minutes after liftoff. Following booster separation, Falcon Heavy’s two side boosters will attempt to land at SpaceX’s Landing Zones 1 and 2 (LZ-1 and LZ-2) at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. Falcon Heavy’s center core will attempt to land on the “Of Course I Still Love You” droneship, which will be stationed in the Atlantic Ocean.
The launch has been delayed from its original planned launch in the first half of 2018 and again several times in 2018 and 2019 with the latest delays in March and April.
The Falcon Heavy has only launched once, in a test launch when it sent Elon Musk’s Cherry Red Tesla Roadster carrying “Starman” into a heliocentric orbit.
Watch The Falcon Heavy Test Launch:
Falcon Heavy is the most powerful operational rocket in the world by a factor of two. With the ability to lift into orbit nearly 64 metric tons (141,000 lb)—a mass greater than a 737 jetliner loaded with passengers, crew, luggage and fuel–Falcon Heavy can lift more than twice the payload of the next closest operational vehicle, the Delta IV Heavy, at one-third the cost. Falcon Heavy draws upon the proven heritage and reliability of Falcon 9.
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On Wednesday morning, astronomers from the Event Horizon Telescope, a collaborative network of telescopes and astronomy research facilities around the world, are expected to release the first ever pictures of the supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy. Accompanying it will be a picture of an even larger black hole in the Virgo constellation.
In the past, images of black holes have been limited to pictures of the stuff surrounding them, or to computer models. The New York Timesinterviewed a number of astronomers who are excited to really see a black hole for the first time, and have visual evidence that confirms years of scientific speculation.
Ready For The Close-Up
For some researchers, the draw is just the wow factor.
“Yes, I’m definitely excited to see the image!” University of Chicago scientist Daniel Holz told the Times. “It’s not really rational, since I know the math works and the theory has been thoroughly tested. But still, this would be a picture of the real thing, up close and personal. That is super cool.”
Yale astrophysicist Priyamvada Natarajan echoed Holz’s sentiment: “It’s exciting, even just technically, to get this up close and personal to a black hole.”
That excitement is understandable — a giant black hole, scientifically confirmed just a few years ago, holds our galaxy together. And yet we have no idea what it looks like, other than artists’ renderings of black spheres.
Best Guesses
No one, aside from the scientists leading the Event Horizon Telescope project, knows what to expect from Wednesday’s reveal. The Times writes that existing data suggest the black holes will look like a tiny dot illuminated by nearby stars and radiation.
But the shape of the black holes could be circular, ovate, or even twisted depending on the black holes’ rotation. More importantly, the image will likely show whether the equations scientists use to describe black holes are correct.
Until Wednesday, we’ll just have to wait and see.
“For the first time,” the Times wrote, “astronomers will be staring down the pipes of eternity.”
Hydrothermal fluid bubbles upward, gets trapped by a mineral ledge, and spills up and over the edge.
Credit: Schmidt Ocean Institute
Deep in the Gulf of California, scientists have discovered a fantastical expanse of hydrothermal vents, full of crystallized gases, glimmering pools of piping-hot fluids and rainbow-hued life-forms.
Hydrothermal vent fluid collects under the ledges and provides the chemical energy driving the entire ecosystem of microbes, scale worms, and riftia (tube worms).
Image credits: Schmidt Ocean Institute.
Punctuating it all are towering structures made of minerals from the vents, looming as tall as 75 feet (23 meters). A decade ago, scientists visiting this spot saw nothing unusual; this psychedelic seascape seems to have built up around an increase in hydrothermal venting — spots in the seafloor where mineral-laden and superhot water jets out — in the last 10 years.
Joye and her colleagues were studying microbial mats in the Guaymas Basin in the central Gulf of California late last year when they conducted an autonomous vehicle survey nearby, looking for interesting sites to explore on their next research expedition.
"We saw a lot of really interesting topography, which made me scratch my head," Joye said. Chemical traces in the water also suggested there might be hydrothermal vents nearby.
The ROV SuBastian measures temperature near a hydrothermal vent as tube worms wave.
Credit: Schmidt Ocean Institute
In February, the team launched another expedition, sending autonomous vehicles equipped with high-definition cameras into the deep from the decks of the Schmidt Ocean Institute's research vessel, Falkor. Nearly 6,000 feet (1,800 m) below the surface, they saw the vents that were carpeted with microbes, marine worms and species they didn't recognize.
"It was a shock, to put it mildly," Joye told Live Science. "I think my jaw literally hit the floor."
Unreal environment
The team had discovered a hydrothermal vent site that hadn't existed in 2008. Most likely, Joye said, new vents have opened since then, or the rate of hydrothermal fluid flow has increased. The dissolved minerals and metals in the fluid react with seawater to create huge "pagodas," some as thick as 49 feet (15 m) in diameter and many rising 33 feet (10 m) above the seafloor. [Gallery: Creatures of the Deepest Deep-Sea Vents]
In some places, the fluid flow created ledges, or flanges, that trap pools of the sulfide- and methane-rich fluid underneath. The pools refract light, creating a silvery, mirror-like effect, Joye said. In some pools, the team saw delicate mineral precipitates a few inches long that looked like feathers. No one knows what they are, Joye said.
"It was just a constant barrage of, 'You have got to be kidding me — that can't be real,'" she said.
Among the other surprises at the site were bizarre methane hydrates — natural gas bubbles trapped in a crystalline framework of ice. The methane hydrates at these vents, though, looked strangely irregular, with almost a melted appearance, Joye said.
The researchers don't yet know why the features looked like that. It could be the high pressure and extreme temperatures at the site, Joye said. The ocean water is just 35.6 degrees Fahrenheit (2 degrees Celsius), while the hydrothermal fluids are a toasty 690.8 F (366 C). Or there may be impurities in the methane gas that cause the strange shapes.
Mystery life
Among the other mysteries at the vent site is the proliferation of life carpeting the hot towers of mineral-rich water spewing from the vents. Some were recognizable, like the Riftia tube worms that harbor sulfur-eating symbiotic bacteria. Others were totally new to science. The towers are home to rainbow-colored mats of microbes, Joye said, ranging from pink to orange to white to yellow to purple.
Mats of yellow and orange microbes color the seafloor at the vent site, which is in the Guaymas Basin of the Gulf of California.
Credit: Schmidt Ocean Institute
"I've never seen a purple microbial mat, ever, anywhere," Joye said. The researchers are now using genetic sequencing to study the microbes and to learn whether temperature, water chemistry or some other factor determines their color.
The researchers are also delving deeper into the composition of the hydrothermal fluid, which they've already found to be rich in manganese and iron. Finally, Joye said, the team's virologist is studying the viruses that infect the microbes at the site.
"These kinds of things don't happen very often," Joye said. "I'm just counting the days until I can go back."
The International Space Station is teeming with bacteria and fungi that can cause diseases, a new study found.
They also form biofilms that can promote antibiotic resistance and even stop spacecraft parts from working correctly, scientists warn.
The findings are important to protect the health of astronauts and the safety of crafts on future manned long missions to Mars and beyond.
The International Space Station (pictured) is teeming with bacteria and fungi that can cause diseases, a new study found. They also form biofilms that promote antibiotic resistance and can even corrode the spacecraft, scientists warn
The station - built in 1998 and orbiting around 250 miles (400 km) above the Earth - has been visited by over 222 astronauts and up to six resupply missions a year up until August 2017.
The station's components were built in sterile environments before being sent into orbit and routine monitoring has taken place since.
However, a comprehensive catalogue of what is lurking on inside surfaces has until now been absent.
NASA scientists found that the microbes on the ISS mostly came from people and were similar to those found in public buildings and offices here on Earth.
The most prominent bacteria were Staphylococcus - making up over a quarter (26 per cent) of total species isolated from samples taken - followed by Pantoea (23 per cent) and Bacillus (11 per cent).
They included organisms that are considered opportunistic pathogens on Earth.
That includes Staphylococcus aureus, which made up a tenth of total isolates identified. It is commonly found on the skin and in the nasal passage.
Experts also located Enterobacter, which is associated with the human gastrointestinal tract.
'The International Space Station is the largest human space platform in low Earth orbit - around 400 km above Earth's surface - and for the last 17 years it has been continuously inhabited by an international community of astronauts performing space research,' said paper author and microbiologist Kasthuri Venkateswaran of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California.
'The ISS is a hermetically sealed closed system, subjected to microgravity, radiation, elevated carbon dioxide, and the recirculation of air through HEPA filters and is considered an "extreme environment."
'Microbes are known to survive and even thrive in extreme environments, and the microbes that are present on the ISS may have existed since the inception of the ISS while others may be introduced each time new astronauts or payloads arrive.'
He added that emerging studies of the 'built microbiome' here on Earth show that the design of offices, classrooms, museums and hospitals influence the assemblages of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa that end up being unique to each indoor environment.
'Specific microbes in these indoor spaces have been shown to impact human health by influencing our susceptibility to allergies, infectious diseases, or sick building syndrome,' he added.
'The influence of the indoor microbiome on human health becomes more important for astronauts during flights due to altered immunity associated with space flight and the lack of sophisticated medical interventions that are available on Earth.
'In light of an upcoming new era of human expansion in the universe, such as future space travel to Mars, the microbiome of the closed space environment needs to be examined thoroughly to identify the types of microorganisms that can accumulate in this unique environment, how long they persist and survive, and their impact on human health and spacecraft infrastructure.'
Microbes identified on the station included organisms that are considered opportunistic pathogens on Earth, such as Staphylococcus aureus (pictured, stock image), which is commonly found on the skin and nasal passages making up a tenth of total isolates identified
Monitoring bugs in space used traditional culture methods, although it is known that many microbes cannot be cultured with standard techniques.
To fully appreciate the true number and diversity of microbes that survive in the ISS, researchers used traditional culture techniques and gene sequencing methods to analyse surface samples.
The researchers collected surface bacteria and fungi samples from eight locations within the ISS - including from a dining table, exercise platform, sleeping quarters, toilet and a viewing window.
Swabs were taken repeatedly from each site during three different missions across a total period of 14 months, to see how the fungal and microbial populations changed over time as well as between different locations.
The experts found that while fungal communities on the space station remained largely stable, the microbe populations were similar across the ISS but changed as time progressed.
For example, the microbe samples swabbed during the second mission had a higher population diversity than those collected during the other two periods.
The experts believe that these changes may be a result of the different astronauts living on the ISS during each mission.
They found the ISS swabs were similar to other built environments where the microbiome is shaped by human occupation.
'Whether these opportunistic bacteria could cause disease in astronauts on the ISS is unknown,' said paper author and microbiologist Aleksandra Checinska Sielaf, of the Washington State University.
'This would depend on a number of factors, including the health status of each individual and how these organisms function while in the space environment.
'Regardless, the detection of possible disease-causing organisms highlights the importance of further studies to examine how these ISS microbes function in space.'
And many of the organisms detected on the ISS are known to form biofilms that belong to both bacterial (Acinetobacter, Sphingomonas, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Corynebacterium, and Klebsiella) and fungal (Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, and Rhodotorula) genera.
This could pose problems for astronauts if they become infected as biofilms are known to promote resistance to antibiotics while biofilm formation 'could decrease infrastructure stability by causing mechanical blockages, reducing heat transfer efficiency, and inducing microbial influenced corrosion.'
'Some of the microorganisms we identified on the ISS have also been implicated in microbial induced corrosion on Earth,' said paper author Camilla Urbaniak, a microbiologist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
'However, the role they play in corrosion aboard the ISS remains to be determined.'
'In addition to understanding the possible impact of microbial and fungal organisms on astronaut health, understanding their potential impact on spacecraft will be important to maintain structural stability of the crew vehicle during long term space missions when routine indoor maintenance cannot be as easily performed.'
'Our study provides the first comprehensive catalogue of the bacteria and fungi found on surfaces in closed space systems and can be used to help improve safety measures that meet NASA requirements for deep space human habitation,' Dr Venkateswaran concluded.
'The results can also have significant impact on our understanding of other confined built environments on the Earth such as clean rooms used in the pharmaceutical and medical industries.'
The full findings of the study were published in the journal Microbiome.
WHAT IS THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION?
The International Space Station (ISS) is a $100 billion (£80 billion) science and engineering laboratory that orbits 250 miles (400 km) above Earth.
It has been permanently staffed by rotating crews of astronauts and cosmonauts since November 2000.
Research conducted aboard the ISS often requires one or more of the unusual conditions present in low Earth orbit, such as low-gravity or oxygen.
ISS studies have investigated human research, space medicine, life sciences, physical sciences, astronomy and meteorology.
The International Space Station (ISS) is a $100 billion (£80 billion) science and engineering laboratory that orbits 250 miles (400 km) above Earth.
The US space agency, Nasa, spends about $3 billion (£2.4 billion) a year on the space station program, a level of funding that is endorsed by the Trump administration and Congress.
A U.S. House of Representatives committee that oversees Nasa has begun looking at whether to extend the program beyond 2024.
Alternatively the money could be used to speed up planned human space initiatives to the moon and Mars.
Where humanity goes, microorganisms boldly follow.
Self-portrait of Tracy Caldwell Dyson in the Cupola module of the International Space Station observing the Earth below during Expedition 24. Image credits NASA / Tracy Caldwell Dyson via Wikimedia.
New research is pinpointing exactly who makes up the microflora on the International Space Station. The study — the first comprehensive catalogue of the bacteria and fungi on the inside surfaces of the ISS — can be used to develop safety measures for NASA for long-term space travel or living in space.
Space bugs
“Whether these opportunistic bacteria could cause disease in astronauts on the ISS is unknown,” says Dr Checinska Sielaff, first author of the study. “This would depend on a number of factors, including the health status of each individual and how these organisms function while in the space environment. Regardless, the detection of possible disease-causing organisms highlights the importance of further studies to examine how these ISS microbes function in space.”
Microflora can have a range of impacts on human health, so it pays to know exactly what you’re up against — especially in space. Astronauts show an altered immune response during missions, which is compounded by the difficulty of giving them proper medical care. The team hopes that their catalog can give future space mission planners a better idea of which bugs accumulate in the unique environments associated with spaceflight, how long each strain survives, and their possible impact on the crew and the ship itself.
Despite the exotic setting, the team used pretty run-of-the-mill culture techniques to sample the microflora of eight different locations inside the ISS. These included the viewing window, toilet, exercise platform, dining table, and sleeping quarters. The samples were taken during three flights across 14 months’ time, so the team could get an idea of how the tiny organisms fared over time. Genetic sequencing methods were used to identify the strains in these samples.
All in all, the team reports finding mostly human-associated microbes on the ISS. The most prominent included Staphylococcus (26% of total isolates), Pantoea (23%), and Bacillus(11%). The analysis also revealed the presence of bugs considered to be opportunistic pathogens here on Earth — such as Staphylococcus aureus (10% of total isolates identified), which is commonly found on the skin and in the nasal passages, and Enterobacter, which is associated with the human gastrointestinal tract. Opportunistic pathogens are regulars in gyms, offices, and hospitals, the team explains, suggesting that the ISS’s microbiome is also shaped by human occupation, as is similar in microbiome to other built environments.
But it’s not all about the crew.
“Some of the microorganisms we identified on the ISS have also been implicated in microbial induced corrosion on Earth. However, the role they play in corrosion aboard the ISS remains to be determined,” says Dr Urbaniak, joint first author of the study.
“In addition to understanding the possible impact of microbial and fungal organisms on astronaut health, understanding their potential impact on spacecraft will be important to maintain structural stability of the crew vehicle during long term space missions when routine indoor maintenance cannot be as easily performed.”
Fungal communities were quite stable over the study’s period, but microbial communities changed over time (but not across locations). Samples taken during the second flight mission had higher microbial diversity than samples collected during the first and third missions. The authors suggest that these temporal differences may come down to which astronauts are aboard the ISS at any given time. Dr Venkateswaran hopes this data can help NASA improve on-board safety measures, and that they will pave the way to safe, deep space human habitation.
“The results can also have significant impact on our understanding of other confined built environments on the Earth such as clean rooms used in the pharmaceutical and medical industries,” he adds.
The paper “Characterization of the total and viable bacterial and fungal communities associated with the International Space Station surfaces” has been published in the journal Microbiome.
Scientists believe that we could find alien ships driven by black holes
Scientists believe that we could find alien ships driven by black holes
In view of the fact that there may be alien civilizations older and technologically more advanced than humanity, scientists involved in the search for extraterrestrial life have to consider what a more advanced species might be doing now….
A particularly radical idea that has been suggested is that space civilizations could take advantage of the radiation emitted by black holes (Hawking radiation) to generate energy.
On the basis of this, Louis Crane , a mathematician at Kansas State University (KSU), recently wrote a study that suggests how probes made by gamma telescopes could find evidence of spacecraft.
The study, called ” Searching for Extraterrestrial Civilizations Using Gamma Ray Telescopes, ” recently published , is the second article published by Dr. Crane on the subject, the first of which was co-authored by Shawn Westmoreland (a graduate student of physics in KSU) and published in 2009, entitled “Are Black Hole Spacecraft Possible?”….
Spaceships that use black holes
In the first article, Crane and Westmoreland explored the possibility of using Hawking radiation from an artificial black hole. They concluded that it was at the limit of possibility, but that the effects of quantum gravity (which are currently unknown) could be a problem.
In his most recent article, Crane took things a step further by describing how the resulting gamma rays that a system of this type would produce could help in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence. …
The concept of a spacecraft propelled by a black hole was first introduced by the famous science fiction author Arthur C. Clarke in this 1975 novel, ” Imperial Earth .” Charles Sheffield presented a similar idea in his 1978 story, ” Killing Vector ….
In both cases, Clarke and Sheffield describe how advanced civilizations could extract energy from rotating black holes to meet their energy needs….
An advanced civilization would want to take advantage of a microscopic black hole because it could shed matter and release energy. It would be the last source of energy. …
In particular, it could propel a starship large enough to be protected at relativistic speeds. None of the concepts of spacecraft that NASA studied was viable … It could be the only possibility. “…
Really very advanced ship
In addition, the firms associated with this type of technological activity (also known as “techno-signatures”) would indicate a very high level of advancement. Given the great energy requirements to create an artificial black hole, plus the technical challenges associated with its use, the process could be done by a Type II civilization on the Kardashev Scale
Dr. Crane said:…
To produce an artificial black hole we would have to focus a billion-ton gamma-ray laser at the nuclear dimensions….
It’s like making as many high-tech nuclear bombs as cars on Earth. Its scale is beyond the current world economy. A civilization that fully utilizes the Solar System would have the resources. “…
That is not the least of the technical challenges, most of which are beyond what humanity is capable of doing. These include the large amount of energy that would be needed to power the gamma-ray laser, where this energy would be stored, and how these emissions would be concentrated in an atomic-sized space.
As Crane indicated, there are suggestions on how this could be done, but they remain highly speculative….
Apart from the concept itself, the idea of a civilization fueled by a black hole is also interesting because of the possibilities it presents for SETI research….
As with other signs of technological activity (also known as “techno-signatures”), a civilization that exploits small artificial black holes created with gamma-ray lasers could be detectable thanks to a small thing known as “overflow.”…
This concept was described by Professor Philip Lubin in a 2016 study, where he suggested that extraterrestrial intelligence tests could be found by searching for signs of directed energy ….
In the same way, SETI researchers could rely on gamma-ray telescopes to look for signs of gamma-ray lasers overflow, as Dr. Crane put it:…
If any advanced civilization already had such spacecraft, the current VHE gamma-ray telescopes could detect it between 100 and 1,000 light years if we were in its beam.
They could be distinguished from natural sources by their constant change to red over a period of years to decades. To investigate this, astronomers would have to maintain time series of frequency curves of point-like gamma ray sources. This does not seem to be something they currently do.
However, what is perhaps more exciting is the fact that astronomers have already found signs of some Kardashev Type II civilizations that use this type of method for the production of energy….
As Dr. Crane explained, several gamma ray sources similar to points in our Universe have been detected for which no natural explanation has been given….
Future observations using space telescopes such as the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (FGST), and terrestrial installations such as the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) and the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS), could help determine if These sources could be artificial in nature….
Along with next-generation instruments that have higher resolution and imaging capabilities, gamma-ray laser diffusion and other possible techno-signatures could be there, waiting to be identified….
Meanwhile, humanity still has a long way to go before it can begin to contemplate the construction of this type of technology….
The University of Texas at Austin Jackson School of Geosciences/John Maisano
WETENSCHAP 10 miljoen jaar. Dat is de minimale tijd die onze Aarde nodig heeft om te herstellen van een massale uitroeiing van plant en dier. Bekendste voorbeeld is het uitsterven van de dinosauriërs 66 miljoen jaar geleden. En het lijkt erop dat we met de klimaatopwarming dezelfde weg op gaan.
Dat staat te lezen in een onderzoek van de Universiteit van Texas, dat gisteren gepubliceerd werd in het wetenschappelijk tijdschrift Nature Ecology & Evolution.
De theorie dat er een snelheidslimiet staat op het herstel van de diversiteit van het leven op Aarde an sich is niet nieuw. Als oorzaak worden omgevingsfactoren aangewezen en sinds enkele jaren ook de evolutie: de tijd die overlevende soorten nodig hebben om eigenschappen te ontwikkelen waardoor ze vrijgekomen plaatsen in het ecologisch systeem kunnen opvullen en er nieuwe soorten ontstaan. Voor dat laatste zouden de onderzoekers nu bewijs gevonden hebben in fossielen.
De wetenschappers focusten op de inslag van de asteroïde die een einde maakte aan de heerschappij van de dinosaurussen, de recentste massale uitroeiing in de geschiedenis van onze Aarde. Het is de enige gebeurtenis in de geschiedenis van onze planeet die een snellere verandering veroorzaakte dan de klimaatverandering die we vandaag de dag kennen.
Om het herstel van het leven na de inslag van de asteroïde in kaart te brengen, bestudeerden de wetenschappers fossielen van foraminiferen, een soort plankton dat veel voorkomt in sediment van oceanen over de hele wereld. Ze vergeleken de diversiteit ervan met hun fysieke complexiteit.
Nieuwe soorten
En wat bleek? Dat de complexiteit van de organismen zich veel sneller herstelde dan het aantal soorten. Wat suggereerde dat er een zekere ecologische complexiteit nodig is voor er nieuwe soorten konden ontstaan. De massale uitroeiing liet met andere woorden een gigantische hoeveelheid evolutionaire kenmerken verdwijnen. En het duurde miljoenen jaren eer er nieuwe sets van eigenschappen ontstonden, waardoor er nieuwe soorten konden ontstaan met hetzelfde tempo als vóór de massale extinctie.
Anders gezegd: hoewel het aantal soorten foraminiferen gedecimeerd werd door de inslag van de asteroïde, kwamen de overlevende soorten er snel weer bovenop en vulden ze gaten in het ecologisch systeem. Maar na dat eerste herstel duurde het tot de evolutie nieuwe eigenschappen ontwikkelde, voor er ook nieuwe soorten foraminiferen ontstonden. Pas na 10 miljoen jaar bleek er weer een diversiteit te zijn die te vergelijken was met die van voor de inslag.
Klimaatopwarming
Volgens de wetenschappers zou de ontdekking ook een licht werpen op wat er ons te wachten staat na de massale verdwijning van plant- en diersoorten die momenteel aan de gang is. Die wordt aangedreven door de klimaatopwarming, het verlies van habitat en andere factoren.
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UFO caught on tape over New York 1-Apr-2019
UFO caught on tape over New York 1-Apr-2019
Bright UFO Orbs hovering above New York on April 1st.
Witness report:
2 Sightings UFO Orbs Appear Over City & UFO Breaks Apart Central NY. The second sighting the colors are not showing correctly recorded in different location
This was filmed on 29th December 2018 over Billerica, Massachusetts.
Witness report:
I was on my computer when I suddenly heard my mother yell for me to come outside, thinking she was hurt I ran out to see what was going on. She pointed up into the sky from our porch and I saw a huge set of three lights, with one light occasionally blinking. My brother came out as well and witnessed it. After about a minute or less the blinking light disappeared and shortly after the other two lights disappeared with it. My mother told me that she went out to smoke a cigarette and saw a line of three large lights in the sky so she took out her phone to video them, while she looked down to take her phone the lights formed into a triangle. She began videoing for a few seconds and stopped to call me and my brother out though I’m not quite sure why she stopped recording.
UFO or Ghost Ship? Gigantic Object Captured that Creates a New Mystery (VIDEO)
UFO or Ghost Ship? Gigantic Object Captured that Creates a New Mystery (VIDEO)
The lakes are an inexhaustible source of myths and legends, who has not heard at least about the monster of Loch Ness ?
At the border of the United States with Canada there is a place called ‘The Great Lakes’, this site consists of a group of five lakes. They are the largest group of freshwater lakes in the world; They are also considered closed seas.
These lakes are so large that their surface equals the entire United Kingdom, and they contain 21 percent of the world’s fresh water.
The Great Lakes began to form at the end of the last glaciation about 10 thousand years ago, since when the ice sheets melted they carved basins in the land and these were filled with melt water.
Legends About The Great Lakes
This place is considered the ‘Triangle of Bermuda‘ of the North of the United States. In this enigmatic site there have been disappearances of ships, people and planes since 1891, when a schooner named Thomas Hume and his crew vanished.
But the most recent mystery occurred on the night of June 23, 1950, when Flight 2501 of Northwest Orient Airlines disappeared without a trace with the 55 passengers and three crew members over Lake Michigan.
A New Mystery
A father and son were driving near Toledo, Ohio, along the shore of Lake Erie, last Christmas, when they saw a huge object floating above the surface. They stopped and the father decided to record it on video.
At first it looks like a cloud, but if you look more closely you can see how the object is symmetrical, showing a shape similar to a classic ‘flying saucer’.
Incredibly the UFO is floating well above the surface, about 6 meters, and there seems to be a glitter or some kind of alteration in the water or in the lower ice.
The experts in the matter affirm that in fact it is an ‘osni’, unidentified submarine. These objects share common elements with UFOs, although they usually appear in the water or in and out.
The most skeptical claim that it may be a submarine, but it is clear that this object is on the water. This has led some to suggest supernatural theories, such as the possibility that it is some ghost ship of the many that have disappeared in this place.
WAAROM NIETS IN DE MAINSTREAM MEDIA OVER DE TOENEMENDE WEER EXTREMEN ?
WAAROM NIETS IN DE MAINSTREAM MEDIA OVER DE TOENEMENDE WEER EXTREMEN ?
Als je alleen op de mainstream media bent aangewezen voor je nieuwsvoorziening, dan zal je de meeste belangrijke gebeurtenissen op aarde missen.
Zoals de bittere kou die nu op sommige plaatsen toeslaat, die bovendien nog zal toenemen.
Het is ronduit misdadig dat mensen via de mainstream nieuwskanalen niet op de hoogte worden gebracht van wat er werkelijk gebeurt op deze wereld.
Via mainstream kanalen krijg je selectief nieuws voorgeschoteld dat binnen de kaders van een bepaalde agenda past. Zoals horrorverhalen over een onschuldige kinderziekte zoals de mazelen en hoe wij ons moeten wapenen tegen de door de mens veroorzaakte opwarming van de aarde.
Waar men de hele dag praat en ruziet over plannen om de opwarming van de aarde te bestrijden, laat diezelfde aarde ons zien dat er iets heel anders gebeurt.
In werkelijkheid hebben we één van de koudste winters ooit op het noordelijk halfrond achter de rug. Een feit dat angstvallig wordt vermeden in de mainstream media omdat het uiteraard niet in het klimaat opwarming plaatje past.
Enorme hoeveelheden sneeuw en record lage temperaturen in gebieden als Amerika, Griekenland, Turkije, Marokko en zelfs Jordanië.
Zoals we al langere tijd schrijven, wordt de activiteit van de zon de komende decennia gestaag minder en krijgen we een periode die te vergelijken is met een mini ijstijd.
De verwachting is dan dat we dit rond 2021 goed zullen gaan merken en dat dit uiteraard ook een desastreus effect zal hebben op de voedselvoorziening op aarde.
In Canada en Noord Amerika had en heeft men te maken met record lage temperaturen, waardoor de kans op bevriezen niet onaannemelijk is als daar weer eens de stroom uitvalt zoals dat met de regelmaat van de klok gebeurt.
Temperaturen die nog eens lager worden door de ijskoude wind en die met recht thuis horen in een mini ijstijd. We praten dan over gevoelstemperaturen van -55 tot -60 graden Celsius.
Dit wordt volgens echte klimaatkenners de nieuwe norm. Record lage temperaturen, mislukte oogsten en pas tegen 2035 zal het misschien weer wat beter gaan worden.
En wij zitten tegen die tijd zonder gas, zonder contant geld en zijn volledig afhankelijk van het elektriciteitsnet en de overheid.
Geen prettig vooruitzicht en misschien daarom tijd om nu alvast wat voorzorgsmaatregelen te nemen.
De sterk verminderde activiteit van de zon kan ook zorgen voor allerlei andere veranderingen in het weer op aarde. Zo worden jetstreams verbogen, waardoor je opeens ijskoude luchtstromen kunt krijgen in delen van de wereld waar het normaal gesproken aangenaam is.
Een andere of tweede mogelijkheid voor de nog steeds heftige aardveranderingen kunnen worden veroorzaakt door de onbekende planeet Nibiru.
Echter, degene die niet zorgt voor klimaatverandering is de mens.
Ook de afgelopen maand, maart, was weer heftig voor wat betreft weerextremen. Overstromingen die alle records breken, hagelstormen, sneeuwval en bosbranden doen zich voor op alle continenten, ongeacht het seizoen.
Enkele van de trieste “hoogtepunten” in de maand maart waren de grote overstromingen die zich voordeden in het midden van de Verenigde Staten, veroorzaakt door enorme regenval en sneeuw door wat men een winterorkaan noemt.
Kijk en huiver bij de volgende video die laat zien hoe heftig deze aardveranderingen en bijbehorende weersextremen de afgelopen maand maart waren.
Many pet owners will tell you that their animal friends exhibit behavior that reminds them of things that only people are supposed to do. Ask any dog owner, and they may tell you their dog can “smile,” while owners of parakeets and other birds will tell you similar things about the ways their avian accomplices interact with them.
Such questions bring to mind questions about our concept of culture and what it is, and more importantly, whether humans are the only animals that engage in such behaviors. In an unrelated post here at Mysterious Universe, I recently touched on the question, in relation to the differences between humans and animals. “Eventually,” I wrote, “one must ask at what point, precisely, the imaginary line between ‘human’ and ‘beast’ can actually be drawn?”
This brings us to a fascinating story that was recently featured in the New York Postwhich raised similar questions in sharing the story of Julie, a 15-year-old chimpanzee and one of 15 in a sanctuary in Zambia who, in 2007, began a unique fashion trend among her primate peers: she took a fancy for plucking long, stiff blades of grass that she would wear behind one ear, much as a person might rest a pencil there between periods of use.
Shortly afterward, Julie’s son picked up on the trend and started wearing a blade of grass behind his ear as well. It wasn’t long before eight more chimpanzees that lived alongside Julie in the sanctuary were doing the same thing.
“When Julie died in 2012,” writes Mary Huhn, “her local gang kept wearing the single-blade accessory, and the style eventually spread to fashion-forward chimps in two nearby populations.”
Julie’s story isn’t the first of its kind. Many are familiar with videos like the one below, in which parrots have been observed shredding strips of paper and tucking them between their tailfeathers, in an apparent effort to augment the appearance of their natural plumage (although this isn’t necessarily a behavior being “shared” between members of this parrot species, it is a commonly observed behavior, and one similar to Julie the Chimp’s use of the blade of grass behind one ear):
Other examples of such behavior have become more prevalent over the last few years. In 2013, a pair of scientific papers argued that similar “trending” behaviors have been observed in other primate species, as well as certain cetaceans.
In humans, once a new fad arises, everyone starts doing it,” wrote Michael Balter for Science. “Two international teams led by researchers at the University of St. Andrews in the United Kingdom report new evidence for the strength of cultural conformity in two very different species suspected to exhibit cultural behavior: vervet monkeys and humpback whales.”
In the case of the vervet monkeys, the experiment involved feeding the creatures corn of two artificially colored varieties, one blue, the other pink. Apart from this superficial distinction, the blue corn was also soaked in aloe to give it a bitter taste, which naturally led to the vervet monkeys avoiding it. However, later when the offspring of this first group of monkeys had been born, researchers stopped flavoring the blue corn; despite both varieties tasting the same, the adult monkeys continued to prefer the pink corn, a preference which their young appeared to adopt as well.
The simultaneous study with whales observed a technique the animals use known as “lobtail” feeding, where the creatures employ their powerful tails to smack the surface of the water. It was believed that this technique not only may be useful in “herding” certain kinds of ocean fish the whales preferred but that its use was actually spreading among humpback whales that “created” it.
“Over the years, lobtail feeding had spread to 37% of the population,” Balter wrote for Science, “and up to 87% of the whales that adopted the technique appeared to have done so by being in close association with another whale that was already clued in to the method.”
Such studies over the years have led to a broader awareness of animals that engage in such behavior, including the foundation of organizations like Culture & Animals Foundation (CAF), a group aimed at promoting and funding art that helps deepen public awareness of connections between humans and animals.
According to the Foundation’s website, the CAF “provides annual grants to scholars and artists using their intellect, creativity, and compassion to build a deeper understanding of human–animal relationships and a greater respect for animal rights.” The group also hosts annual meetings and lectures, held at North Carolina State University in Chapell Hill, North Carolina.
Many of these kinds of behaviors–ranging from animals that “mimic” things that humans do, to wild species that appear to share certain learned behaviors–are constantly expanding our understanding of nature and the animal kingdom. As we learn more about the thinking and behavior of non-human species, we also begin to see how we, as humans, can better relate to them. In the bigger picture, this also causes us to question what it actually means to be human, which is at times offers a frightening critique of our accepted reality; but also helps us to solidify our role in the broader game of life… which, in its own way, is strange, cosmic, and even beautiful.
Over the next several weeks, I’ll be conducting interviews with leading UFO researchers from countries around the world in an effort to paint a picture of global UFOlogy today.
Born in 1975 in Santa Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Thiago Luiz Ticchetti has investigated more than 30 UFO cases over 25 years. For more than 10 years he was an active part of the Brazilian Entity for Extraterrestrial Studies (EBE-ET), becoming vice president of the organization. He has been part of Revista UFO magazine since 1997, where he started as a volunteer translator, becoming a consultant, international coordinator and eventually co-editor. He is currently responsible for the magazine’s monthly column, “Mundo Ufológico.” Since 2019 he has held the position of president of the Brazilian Commission of Ufologists (CBU). In 2017 Thiago Luiz was appointed as Assistant to the International Director of Mutual UFO Network (MUFON) in Brazil and as a MUFON certified field researcher. Author of dozens of texts for the Revista UFO magazine, he has published nine books, including: UFO Crashes (2002), Guide to Extraterrestrial Typology (2014), and Unusual World: The Log Book – Part 1 and 2 (2015). He is currently a columnist for UFO Truth Magazine.
RG:Who have been the defining figures in Brazilian UFOlogy over the past 70 years?
TLT: Many ufologists have contributed positively to UFO research in Brazil over the last 70 years, but three in particular come to mind: Irene Granchi, Claudeir Covo, and A.J. Gevaerd. Irene and Claudeir, now deceased, practically lived for UFO research. Both were extremely serious researchers and used science to analyze the cases they investigated. They were real field researchers. Gevaerd is today, in my opinion, one of the most active ufologists in the world. Editor of UFO Magazine, an active publication for more than 30 years, he is an example for all ufologists in Brazil. His dedication and the seriousness with which he deals with UFO phenomena make him stand out as one of the greatest of all time.
RG: What do you consider to be the most compelling Brazilian UFO incident on record, and why?
TLT:There are many. It is difficult to choose just one. Brazil is one of the largest UFO hotspots in the world. We had “Official UFO Night” in 1986, when more than 20 UFOs were chased by military aircraft, spotted by ground witnesses and detected on radars in several cities. We had Operation Prato, a secret investigation by the Brazilian Air Force in 1977 that went to several cities in northern Brazil to investigate strange UFOs that fired lightning at people and sucked their blood in an event known as “chupa-chupa.” Hundreds of photos, many already released to the public, were taken, and dozens of hours of videos of these objects were captured by the military. These videos are still under the secrecy of the Brazilian government. But, undoubtedly, the most famous and important case in Brazil was the Varginha Case, when, in 1996, a UFO crashed in the city of Varginha, in the state of Minas Gerais, and its crew were seen by dozens of people before being captured by the military and city firefighters. The case became even more bizarre due to the death of a military man for reasons not yet clear after his physical contact with one of the extraterrestrial beings.
An artist’s impression of an alien entity reportedly witnessed by members of the public and later captured by the Brazilian military and firefighters on Jan. 20, 1996 in the municipality of Varginha. Scroll to the end of this interview for a good documentary about the Varginha incident.
RG: What is the Brazilian government’s official stance on UFOs? When was the last time it issued a statement on the subject?
TLT: Unfortunately, the Brazilian government does not grant due importance to the subject. They have other, more “important” concerns. Brazil had in its hands a crashed UFO and its extraterrestrial crew and it handed them over to the US military.
The Brazilian government has never given any statements about UFOs. This subject is handled by the Brazilian air force, and the last time it was mentioned was in 2010, when the Brazilian Aerospace Defense Command (Comdabra) was issued the 551 / GC3 Report, which makes the command responsible for receiving and cataloging UFO notifications.
The National Congress of Brazil (any resemblance to flying saucers is purely coincidental. Probably.)
RG:Does the Brazilian Ministry of Defence have an official UFO investigations unit?
TLT: No. As I said earlier, the Brazilian government has no explicit interest in the issue. In 2013, the Brazilian Commission of Ufologists (CUB) met with representatives of the Army, Navy and Aeronautics in the Ministry of Defense to request the release of UFO reports still under the secrecy of the military. We left with the promise of a new meeting to define the creation of a civil-military group to investigate the phenomenon. Unfortunately this meeting never occurred, since the government of then-President Dilma Rousseff collapsed, which led to her impeachment.
Members of the Brazilian Committee of UFO researchers (CBU) and representatives of the Armed Forces meeting in 2013 at the Brazilian Ministry of Defence to discuss public access to military UFO documents. The meeting was historic, but ultimately not as fruitful as was initially hoped. Famed ufologist A.J. Gevaerd is pictured at the bottom right of the frame.
RG: Has the Brazilian government shown more or less transparency on the UFO subject than the US government?
TLT: The Brazilian government does not reveal anything, as it is not questioned by the media about this issue. When something ufological happens and gains prominence through the press, the government is silent or disinterested. The only people who the government on the UFO issue are ufologists, and the answer, most of the time, is that there is no record of such a case. We have in our favor the Information Transparency Act, something similar to FOIA in the US, but we still do not believe that the Brazilian government is honest in its responses. We know the Government lies.
RG: Does Brazil have a national UFO investigations organisation today, and how many smaller Brazilian UFO groups are you aware of?
TLT: Yes, we have the Brazilian Ufologists Commission, which at the national level seeks to receive and investigate UFO cases. I am the current president of CBU and we have had many interesting cases.
As for smaller groups, we now have about 20 to 30 groups that we know of and are active. We’ve had a lot more, just like independent ufologists. Today there are few ufologists who are field researchers. The vast majority prefer to make their comments in front of a computer screen.
Countryside in Minas Gerais, a particularly active region for UFO reports in Brazil.
RG: What are the most active regions of Brazil for UFO sighting reports?
TLT: Brazil as a whole is a UFO hotspot. We are a continental country, a mixture of races and cultures. But based on the cases we have received, the states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo and the north, northeast, and central-west regions are the ones that have the most records.
RG: Have you personally had any UFO sightings?
TLT: Yes, in 1982, when I was 8 years old. I lived in Rio de Janeiro and I saw a red light appear in the sky and slowly descend to a mountain. A while later the light began to rise, became brighter, made a pendulum movement and fired into space.
RG: After 25 years in the UFO field, what conclusions, if any, have you drawn about the underlying nature of UFO phenomena?
TLT: I have not yet come to conclusion about the precise nature of the phenomenon. What I’m sure is that we are being visited by intelligent beings aboard aircraft with technology far beyond ours. The main question is not whether we are alone in the universe, because I already know for sure. What we have to answer is who these beings are, where they come from and what they want.
RG: How can Brazilian UFOlogy better itself?
TLT: We need new ufologists, people capable of devoting much of their lives to ufological research, but, most of all, whether they be field researchers, detectives, or journalists, we need people who go after the facts directly; people who spend more time out in the field than in front of their computer screen.
Out in the remote wastelands of the Siberian taiga of western Yakutia is a place virtually untouched by man and infused with deep mysteries. Here one can find the basin of the Vilyuy River, from which some very odd stories have trickled out from explorers going back through the centuries telling of anomalous domes of red metal jutting from the earth for unfathomable reasons. Making it all even more mysterious is that the domes are said to lie within a zone of strange phenomena that seems to willfully drive away life, silent and claiming the lives of anything that stays too long. Welcome to Russia’s Valley of Death and its bizarre otherworldy mysteries.
These enormous structures are said to be like upside down cauldrons buried in the taiga, fashioned of some unknown metal and possessing sharp edges, and indeed the river Olguydach literally means “a place with cauldrons,” with the Yakutians calling the mysterious objects the olguis. Spoken of by the natives for hundreds of years and known by outsiders since at least the 19th century, these domes supposedly have openings on the top, through which one can venture into the murk within via smooth stairways that wind down to metal rooms that remain a pleasantly warm temperature even in the middle of the coldest winters. The metal itself is said to be impervious to harm, resisting all efforts to scratch or chip it, and it is always described as having an odd reddish hue and being completely smooth and without any blemishes.
Siberian taiga
The “cauldrons” have apparently long been feared by the locals, who believe them to be the homes of fierce, one-eyed giants, and numerous legends have gathered around them, such as that to sleep within one or even be near it is to invite all manner of physical ailments and even death. Indeed, local tribes steer well clear of the areas where these cauldrons exist, believing them to be imbued with some sort of malicious force, and it is often said that there are no animals to be found for miles around them, the air bereft of the normal sounds of the wilderness, like some barren alien world. Those who spend too much time meandering about near the cauldrons will drop dead it is said, and so many people were claimed to have died or vanished in the vicinity of these inscrutable domes that the whole region accrued the nickname Uliuiu Cherkechekh, which basically means “The Valley of Death.” Despite the air of legend and folklore this all has, at one time there were also many explorers who told of hearing of or even coming across these otherworldly spheres, such as one explorer by the name of R. Maak, who in 1853 said of them:
In Suntar [a Yakut settlement] I was told that in the upper reaches of the Viliuy there is a stream called Algy timirbit (which translates as “the large cauldron sank”) flowing into the Viliuy. Close to its bank in the forest, there is a gigantic cauldron made of copper. Its size is unknown as only the rim is visible above the ground, but several trees grow within it.
There were enough explorers to the area who claimed to have encountered these cauldrons, that when word of the structures began to trickle out of the inhospitable region there was genuine interest in finding and studying them. A few expeditions were launched into this vast region of forbidding wilderness, and while most of them were unsuccessful in locating any of the spheres, there were nevertheless continued sightings by outsiders. One Mikhail Koretsky claimed to have had quite a bit of success in finding them, saying he had been to the region three times in 1933, 1937, and 1947, and had seen seven of the spheres, of which he explains:
As for mysterious objects, there are probably a lot of them there, as in three seasons I saw seven of those ’cauldrons’. They all struck me as totally perplexing: for one thing, there was their size – between six and nine meters in diameter. Secondly, they were made of some strange metal. Everyone has written that they were made of copper, but I’m sure it isn’t copper. The thing is that even a sharpened cold chisel will not mark the ’cauldrons’ (we tried more than once). The metal doesn’t break off and can’t be hammered. On copper, a hammer would definitely have left noticeable dents. But this ’copper’ is covered over with a layer of some unknown material resembling emery. Yet it’s not an oxidation layer and not scale – it can’t be chipped or scratched, either.
We didn’t come across shafts going down into the ground with chambers. But I did note that the vegetation around the ’cauldrons’ is anomalous – totally different from what’s growing around. It’s more opulent: large-leaved burdock; very long withes; strange grass, one and a half or two times the height of a man. In one of the ’cauldrons’, the whole group of us (six people) spent the night. We didn’t sense anything bad, and we calmly left without any sort of unpleasant occurrences. Nobody fell seriously ill afterwards. Except that three months later, one of my friends lost all his hair. And on the left side of my head (the side I slept on), three small sore spots the size of match-heads appeared. I’ve tried to get rid of them all my life, but they’re still with me today.
None of our efforts to break off even a small piece from the strange ’cauldrons’ was successful. The only thing I did manage to bring away was a stone. Not an ordinary one, though: half of a perfect sphere, six centimeters in diameter. It was black in colour and bore no visible signs of having been worked, yet was very smooth as if polished. I picked it up from the ground inside one of those cauldrons.
I took my souvenir of Yakutia with me to the village of Samarka, Chuguyevka district, Primorsky region (the Soviet Far East), where my parents were living in 1933. I was laid up with nothing to do until my grandmother decided to build a house. We needed to put glass in the windows and there wasn’t a glass-cutter in the entire village. I tried scoring it with the edge of that half of a stone sphere, and it turned out to cut with amazing ease. After that, my find was often used like a diamond by all our relatives and friends. In 1937 I gave the stone to my grandfather, but that autumn he was arrested and taken to Magadan where he lived on without trial until 1968 and then died. Now no-one knows where my stone got to.
Some amount of success was also claimed by a geologist in 1936, who said that he had located one of the odd structures, but he was unable to find it again when he went back. Coming to later years, in 1971 there was a discovery made by a hunter who claimed to have found an immense metal sphere in the ground, within which he saw a trio of very thin, black skinned beings wearing some kind of metal armor. The man allegedly tried to get someone to go back with him to the spot, but unfortunately would die before anyone would, taking the secret of the cauldron’s location to the grave with him. Also in the 70s, in 1979 an archaeological expedition to the area was pointed to where some spheres were said to be by locals, and they found a promising spot, but the trees and vegetation were so incredibly thick that it was impossible to find anything and they went away empty handed. In fact, to this day no one has been able to successfully locate any of the enigmatic cauldrons, perhaps because they have sunken into the earth or been overgrown with vegetation, and they have remained a baffling and evasive oddity.
In the meantime, there have been some theories on what could be behind these stories. One is that these are evidence of extraterrestrial intelligence, built by aliens for reasons we may never understand or possibly as bunkers to protect from meteorite strikes. They could also be the result of some geological process such as collapsed ice-covered underground methane bubbles known as “pingos.” Another idea is they are simply the result of hallucinations caused by volcanic gasses in the area, which could also explain the negative health effects and mysterious deaths of the legends. Indeed, there are areas of the valley that have been found to have such high concentrations of gases such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, carbon disulphide, and other elements, that they accumulate large numbers of dead small birds and other animals and can be dangerous for human beings as well, causing headaches, dizziness, fever, and weakness. There are other valleys like this one in Russia as well, so this would not be unheard of, and could explain the legends of people or animals dropping dead, although whether that can explain the enormous spheres that people have long insisted are there is another story.
Speaking of mysterious places said to bring death and physical ailments, another is known simply as “The Devil’s Graveyard,” which is also supposedly located deep in the taiga wilderness in the Krasnoyarsk Region. Here there is said to be an expanse of blackened land littered with the carcasses of birds, small animals, and even cattle that herders foolishly tried to usher over this zone of foreboding. Birds are said to fly within the area only to flutter to the ground and die, and green plants placed over the black soil are said to visibly wither away to dry husks within minutes. People who try to walk through typically experience intense headaches, tooth pain, and nausea, forcing them to scurry back to safety. On occasion severe disorientation is experienced, with people lost for hours only to turn up again with no memory of where they have been. Unfortunately, the exact location of the anomaly is unknown, but it sounds very much like the Valley of Death, and could have its origins in volcanic gases or even radiation cast out by some fallen object in the ground such as a meteorite or even a UFO. Is there some link between this place and the Valley of Death, some answer to be found? Who knows?
For now the location of these places and the nature of the mysterious cauldrons remain impenetrable mysteries. Are they the result of alien artifacts or structures or is there something more to this all? Why are these places so inhospitable to life and deadly? Is there any link at all between the two? It’s very probable we won’t know unless someone finds one of these anomalous spheres, and until then the frigid fields of rough terrain will keep their secrets close.
5 Extraordinary Stories That Could Suggest We Live in a Multiple Dimensional Reality
5 Extraordinary Stories That Could Suggest We Live in a Multiple Dimensional Reality
Deja vu is to me a strong indication of parallel dimensions. I have one experience which was very strong. It was the first time I played basketball, in school.
At one precise moment I recognized everything I saw. The way the ball was flying, a guy jumping after the ball, another kid courtside shouting out, and finally me stumbling in an exact manner. And this was literally the first time I played basketball ever.
I remembered everything from before, all of it was “familiar”. But I remembered it the moment it happened. I froze up for several seconds in the middle of the game because I had no idea what was going on.
It’s something I didn’t think about much as a kid. It just didn’t make sense, right? But as an adult and having heard all these theories, well now there is at least a possible explanation to what happened. via the channel
Russian UFO Military Research: Truly Strange Anomalies That Have No Rational Explanation
Russian UFO Military Research: Truly Strange Anomalies That Have No Rational Explanation
This lecture includes Ancient Astronauts of Eurasia, the Russian space program and UFOs, Russian military research of UFOs and USOs (unidentified submersible objects), and strange discoveries and uncanny cases.
UFOs in the oceans and space: from the secret files of the Soviet Union and Russia: heretofore unavailable information regarding USOs; and sightings of UFOs by Russian cosmonauts.
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The Sun We See and One We Don't
The Sun We See and One We Don't
Croww777 as well as his friend both have used their telescopes for several days to detect and to proof that there is a second sun that is invisible to the naked eye.
They have hesitated for a long time to publish this recording, but according to Croww777 it proves that there is indeed a second sun in our solar system.
There is no doubt that NASA and all other space organizations are aware of this second sun, also called planetX, Nibiru or Nemesis.
What would an ancient alien base look like on Mars? Well this photo from the NASA website clears up that question. I found an alien base at the bottom of the photo. The thing that really stands out is the square structure with a tunnel connecting a pyramid area. What this tells me is that the aliens that created it did not just roam around the planet freely but instead used the tunnels to stay safe.
This is just one of hundreds of buildings I have reported in NASA photos. Can you imagine how alien must have interacted and influenced humanities history on Earth? Those creative geniuses that changed the world with their art, religion, math, science and technology...were either influenced by aliens to do the work or were aliens themselves. So...if we knew the truth about aliens it would force humanity to look back in history and see where aliens influenced us the most. Our entire history might change forever.
Today I found a lifeform on Mars near the rover landing site. The creature appears to be shrimp-like. If you think about it, it makes a lot of sense. Here on earth brine shrimp live in a dormant egg state in the dry desert sand until a rain comes to bring them back to life again. They can exist as an egg in the dry desert sun for hundreds and even thousands of year before the next rain comes to awaken their life cycle. Shrimp can exist in the driest of conditions...like Mars.
As they said in the movie Jurrasic Park, Life...finds a way. Scott C. Waring
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'Area 51: An Uncensored History': Journalist shares photos connected to the infamous Roswell UFO Incident of 1947 as she claims it was hoax designed by Soviet Union and Joseph Stalin
'Area 51: An Uncensored History': Journalist shares photos connected to the infamous Roswell UFO Incident of 1947 as she claims it was hoax designed by Soviet Union and Joseph Stalin
Area 51: An Uncensored History' provides an inside look at one of the United States' greatest mysteries - the Roswell UFO Incident of 1947 that rocked Area 51
The book - written by journalist Annie Jacobsen - works to disprove long held conspiracy theories that a flying disk crashed near Roswell, New Mexico
Jacobsen posits that the incident was actually linked to Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin in an attempt to cause disarray in the United States
She spoke with more than 70 scientists, pilots and engineers who were able to provide insight into the peculiar test site
Pictures also show the area before it became a government hot spot
The area now known as Area 51 is actually the dry lake remains of Groom Lake, Nevada
It is no secret that Area 51 is perhaps the most secretive place in the world.
But revelations and pictures shared in the 2011 book 'Area 51: An Uncensored History' provides an inside look at one of the United States' greatest mysteries.
The book primarily focuses on the Roswell UFO incident of 1947 and disproving long held conspiracy theories that a flying disk crashed near Roswell, New Mexico.
Author Annie Jacobsen posits that the incident was actually linked to Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin in an attempt to cause disarray in the United States.
Scroll down for videos
Area 51: An Uncensored History' provides an inside look at one of the United States' greatest mysteries - the Roswell UFO Incident of 1947 that rocked Area 51
Photos include an aircraft designed the Horten brothers of Germany in 1945. The United States Army Counter Intelligence Corps went on an extension manhunt for the brothers, following the 1947 crash, in hopes of finding their 'flying disk
Trailers at Area 51 where U-2 pilots like Hervey Stockman and Tony Bevacqua slept while learning how to fly the CIA's first spy plane
Pictures also show the area before it became a government hot spot. The area now known as Area 51 is actually the dry lake remains of Groom Lake, Nevada
She specifically alleges that Sputnik lead inventor Sergei Korlev, Russia's atomic bomb lead developer Igor Kurchatov and mathmatician Mstislav Keldsh were tapped by Stalin to be a part of his secret UFO study team.
Jacobsen also suggests that children, up to the age of 12, were found inside the aircraft that eventually crashed.
Jacobsen spoke with more than 70 scientists, pilots and engineers who were able to provide insight into the peculiar test site.
Photos include an aircraft designed the Horten brothers of Germany in 1945. The United States Army Counter Intelligence Corps went on an extension manhunt for the brothers, following the 1947 crash, in hopes of finding their 'flying disk.'
The U-2 spy plane is photographed as it is tested at Area 51 in 1955. Early missions involving the plane were used throughout the Cold War for surveillance over Cuba, the Soviet Union and China
Author Annie Jacobsen spoke with more than 70 scientists, pilots and engineers who were able to provide insight into the peculiar test site
Part of a U-2 spy plane seen in 1955 coming out of a transport airplane at Area 51 - where the secret craft was designed and perfected
Pictures also show the area before it became a government hot spot. The area now known as Area 51 is actually the dry lake remains of Groom Lake, Nevada.
Area 51 has long been lauded as one of the greatest American mysteries as enthusiast have worked tirelessly to find out more about extraterrestrials.
Bob Lazar, a government scientist and engineer, allegedly worked to reverse-engineer alien technology and claimed that he had seen many 'flying saucers' in the area in 1989.
He claimed the government was hiding Martian vehicles at the 'third dry lake bed from Area 51', which is believed to be close to the Papoose Lake range.
Jacobsen posits that the incident was actually linked to Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin in an attempt to cause disarray in the United States, She specifically alleges that Sputnik lead inventor Sergei Korlev, Russia's atomic bomb lead developer Igor Kurchatov and mathmatician Mstislav Keldsh were tapped by Stalin to be a part of his secret UFO study team
Until 1945, these men worked for Adolf Hitler, but as soon as the war ended they began working for the American military and various intelligence organizations under 'Operation Paperclip'
An overhead look at southern Nevada, where Area 51 is said to be
WHAT DOES BOB LAZAR CLAIM TO HAVE SEEN AT AREA S4?
Bob Lazar stepped forward on a local Las Vegas new program to tell the world about his experience at S4 and Area 51.
He was also highlighted in an article about a jet car he claimed to have worked with Nasa to build, which was made from a jet engine modified and placed on an existing car frame.
The article stated that Lazar was 'a physicist at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility'.
In November 1989, Lazar appeared in an interview with investigative reporter George Knapp on Las Vegas TV station KLAS to talk about his experience while employed at 'S4', which he claims atop-secret part of Area 51.
In his interview with Knapp, Lazar said he encountered several flying saucers.
He says he first thought the saucers were secret terrestrial aircraft whose test flights must have been responsible for many UFO reports.
On closer examination and from having been shown multiple briefing documents, Lazar came to the conclusion that the discs were of extraterrestrial origin.
During his filed testimony, Lazar explains how this impression first hit him after he boarded one craft being studied and examined its interior.
Video – Is Our Reality a Simulation Projected by Our Consciousness or by Someone Else?
Video – Is Our Reality a Simulation Projected by Our Consciousness or by Someone Else?
Perhaps you’ve seen the viral videos which many people claim could be “glitches” in our reality… unexplainable events proving we are living in a simulated world.
The idea might sound like a casual conversation you’d hear after watching “The Matrix,” but actually, as of late, it’s become the subject of serious academic debate. Particularly since 2016, when before a large audience of people, famous Technology Entrepreneur, Elon Musk confidently suggested that the odds are that reality is actually a computer simulation run by a more advanced intelligence.
For the first time, an in-situ measurement of methane on Mars – made by NASA’s Curiosity rover – has been independently confirmed from orbit, by ESA’s Mars Express. Could it be a clue to Mars life?
Artist’s conceptof Mars Express in orbit around Mars. New analysis of data from the spacecraft has independently confirmed the first detection of methane by NASA’s Curiosity rover in 2013.
Where does Mars’ methane come from? That is one of the most intriguing mysteries for Mars scientists in recent years. Could Mars’ methane be evidence of … life?
Now, there is a correlated confirmation of one significant detection of methane. It’s the first time an in-situmeasurement has been independently confirmed from orbit. Since landing in 2012, NASA’s Curiosity rover has at times detected methane in Mars’ atmosphere. The new study – led by Marco Giuranna from the National Institute for Astrophysics and the Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology in Rome, Italy – confirms that ESA’s Mars Express orbiter detected a June 2013 methane spike the day after Curiosity. The peer-reviewedfinding was reported in Nature Geoscience on April 1, 2019. According to Dmitri Titov, ESA’s Mars Express project scientist:
Mars Express was the first to report a significant detection of methane from orbit around Mars, and now, 15 years later, we can announce the first simultaneous and co-located detection of methane with a rover on the surface.
Why is methane on Mars so interesting to scientists? Writing in Science last year, Eric Hand called this gas the effluvia of life, mainly because some 16 percent of Earth’s annual methane emissions to the atmosphere come from the belches of cows. ESA explained:
The molecule attracts such attention because on Earth methane is generated by living organisms, as well as geological processes. Because it can be destroyed quickly by atmospheric processes, any detection of the molecule in the Martian atmosphere means it must have been released relatively recently – even if the methane itself was produced millions or billions of years ago and lay trapped in underground reservoirs until now.
While spacecraft and telescopic observations from Earth have in general reported no or very low detections of methane, or measurements right at the limit of the instruments’ capabilities, a handful of spurious spikes, along with Curiosity’s reported seasonal variation at its location in Gale Crater, raise the exciting question of how it is being generated and destroyed in present times.
The June 2013 spike seen by Curiosity was about six ppb (parts per billion), while the Mars Express detection the day after measured about 15 ppb. That is very small in comparison to methane levels in Earth’s atmosphere, but still significant. By comparison, the background levels of methane in Gale Crater [where Curiosity is exploring on Mars] tend to range from 0.24 ppb to 0.65 ppb. From the paper:
Reports of methane detection in the Martian atmosphere have been intensely debated. The presence of methane could enhance habitability and may even be a signature of life. However, no detection has been confirmed with independent measurements. Here, we report a firm detection of 15.5 ± 2.5 ppb by volume of methane in the Martian atmosphere above Gale Crater on 16 June 2013, by the Planetary Fourier Spectrometer onboard Mars Express, one day after the in-situ observation of a methane spike by the Curiosity rover. Methane was not detected in other orbital passages. The detection uses improved observational geometry, as well as more sophisticated data treatment and analysis, and constitutes a contemporaneous, independent detection of methane. We perform ensemble simulations of the Martian atmosphere … to identify a potential source region east of Gale Crater. Our independent geological analysis also points to a source in this region, where faults of Aeolis Mensae may extend into proposed shallow ice of the Medusae Fossae Formation and episodically release gas trapped below or within the ice. Our identification of a probable release location will provide focus for future investigations into the origin of methane on Mars.
Although the results from Curiosity stood on their own, the additional confirmation from Mars Express further solidifies the finding and helps to narrow down the location where the methane spike originated, as Giuranna explained:
In general we did not detect any methane, aside from one definite detection of about 15 parts per billion by volume of methane in the atmosphere, which turned out to be a day after Curiosity reported a spike of about six parts per billion.
Although parts per billion in general means a relatively small amount, it is quite remarkable for Mars – our measurement corresponds to an average of about 46 tonnes of methane [51 U.S. tons] that was present in the area of 49,000 square kilometers [19,000 sq miles] observed from our orbit.
So, both a rover and an orbiter confirmed the methane spike, but where did it come from? The Curiosity team speculated at the time that it came from somewhere just north of the rover, but still inside Gale Crater, where the rover has been since 2012. But the new analysis indicates it more likely came from outside the crater, about 310 miles (500 km) to the east. According to Giuranna:
Our new Mars Express data, taken one day after Curiosity’s recording, change the interpretation of where the methane originated from, especially when considering global atmospheric circulation patterns together with the local geology. Based on geological evidence and the amount of methane that we measured, we think that the source is unlikely to be located within the crater.
Illustration depicting what processes could create and destroy methane on Mars. The methane most likely originates from below the surface and is released into the atmosphere through subsurface cracks.
Image via ESA.
Two independent analyses came to the same conclusion. The region around Gale Crater was divided into grids of 250 square kilometers [96 sq miles] to narrow down the location of the spike.
Researchers from the Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB) in Brussels, Belgium, conducted the first analysis, using computer simulations to create one million possible emission scenarios for each square, in order to predict the probability of methane emission for each of those locations. The simulations were comprehensive, taking into account the measured data, expected atmospheric circulation patterns and methane release intensity and duration based on the geological phenomenon of “gas seepage.”
Geologists from the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology in Rome, Italy, and the Planetary Science Institute in Tucson, Arizona, did the second analysis. This one focused on identifying physical features in the terrain that could be associated with methane seepage from below the surface. Such features are common on Earth, including tectonic faults, mud volcanoes and natural gas fields. According to co-author Giuseppe Etiope:
We identified tectonic faults that might extend below a region proposed to contain shallow ice. Since permafrost is an excellent seal for methane, it is possible that the ice here could trap subsurface methane and release it episodically along the faults that break through this ice.
Remarkably, we saw that the atmospheric simulation and geological assessment, performed independently of each other, suggested the same region of provenance of the methane. This is very exciting and largely unexpected.
Diagram depicting seasonal variation in amount of methane detected by the Curiosity rover, peaking in warmer months.
Image via NASA/JPL-Caltech.
Periodic or intermittent releases of methane from sources like these would fit with observations from various telescopes and spacecraft over the years. Co-author Frank Daerden added:
Our results support the idea that methane release on Mars might be characterized by small, transient geological events rather than a constantly replenishing global presence, but we also need to understand better how methane is removed from the atmosphere, and how to reconcile the Mars Express data with results from other missions.
Scientists have theorized that the most likely source of the methane would be from underground, and these results seem to support that. Pockets of methane could be released periodically by such small geological events. Curiosity had also determined that the methane releases near its location were seasonal, apparently associated with periods of warming temperatures in summer, which small bursts of trapped methane being released by warming ice deposits might explain.
NASA’s Curiosity rover detected spikes in the level of methane in the atmosphere in 2013 and 2014. ESA’s Mars Express orbiter also re-confirmed the first of those findings.
Image via NAS/JPL-Caltech.
Finding the location of at least one methane spike is significant, but it doesn’t tell us how the methane was created in the first place. On Earth, living organisms produce the vast majority of methane, including underground. It can also originate from geological activity, however. Does life also produce Mars’ methane – most likely microbes – or geology? We don’t know yet, and only further observations will help to answer that question. There is also still the question of what causes the methane to disappear again so quickly. Meanwhile, the analysis of the sources of the methane will continue, as noted by Giuranna:
We will re-analyze more of the data collected by our instrument in the past, while continuing our ongoing monitoring efforts, including coordinating some observations with the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter.
The Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) – part of ESA’s ExoMars mission – unexpectedly found no methane during its first studies of the Martian atmosphere, but it is possible that it just wasn’t looking at the right time, since the bursts of methane do seem to be seasonal in nature. Hopefully upcoming observations will be more successful – the spacecraft carries some of the most advanced instruments designed to analyze methane and other trace gases.
Bottom line: The origin of Mars’ methane is one of the most intriguing mysteries of the red planet. We still don’t know if the methane is geological or biological – or perhaps even both – but thanks to new data from Mars Express and Curiosity, we are now starting to close in on just where the methane is coming from – an important step toward determining just what is creating it.
The discovery of fossilized microbes in Martian meteorites has been claimed before. Now scientists in Hungary add a new study of the ALH-77005 meteorite, with some intriguing new evidence.
Thin slice of the martian meteorite ALH-77005. The melt pocket region, inside the rectangle is where scientists found evidence for microbial mediation.
Has there ever been life on Mars? We are still awaiting a definitive answer to that long-standing question, although evidence has continued to build that there may indeed have been little critters – albeit most likely microscopic – in or below those distant red sands. Such a discovery would have profound implications for the search for life elsewhere in the solar system and onexoplanetsorbiting other stars. Now, a research team in Hungary has found another tantalizing clue – mineralized and filament-like organic material embedded in a Martian meteorite –ALH-77005– from the Allan Hills region of Antarctica. The material in the meteorite is similar to that produced byiron-oxidizing microbeson Earth.
The peer-reviewed findings were published online in the journal Open Astronomy on March 28, 2019. According to lead author Ildiko Gyollai from HAS Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences in Budapest:
Our work is important to a broad audience because it integrates planetary, Earth, biological, chemical and environmental sciences and will be of interest to many researchers in those fields. The research will also be of interest to planetologists, experts of meteorite and astrobiology as well as researchers of the origin of life, and to the general public since it offers an example of a novel aspect of microbial mediation in stone meteorites.
Another view of the same thin slice from the meteorite in polarized light.
The ALH-77005 Martian meteorite, found in Allan Hills, Antarctica in 1977.
Image via NASA/Johnson Space Center/Wikipedia.
The Japanese National Institute of Polar Research mission (1977-1978) discovered the ALH-77005 meteorite in the Allan Hills in Antarctica in 1977. The meteorite is estimated to be 175 million years old. It is a shergottitemeteorite – composed of igneous rock – named after the Shergotty meteorite, which fell at Sherghati, India (formerly spelled Shergotty), in 1865. About three-quarters of all known Martian meteorites are shergottites.
How do we know these meteorites came from Mars? Like other Martian meteorites, ALH-77005 is known to have originated on Mars because it has a composition similar to rocks and atmosphere gases analyzed by Mars spacecraft. The Curiosity rover confirmed the connection between Mars itself and these meteorites found on Earth in October 2013, after the rover analyzed argon in Mars’ atmosphere. The argon was found to be the same as argon traces in the meteorites.
For this new study, the researchers took a very thin section sample of the meteorite and studied it using optical microscopy for microtextures – microscopic texture patterns – and FTIR-ATR microscopy. What they found is intriguing. They found embedded spherical and thread-like structures, material that represent possible biosignatures, that is, the mineralized remains of ancient microbes and their alteration of minerals in the rock. The possible biosignatures are found next to opaque minerals and inside shock melt pockets, which are the result of shock and fracturing during the meteorite’s encounter with Earth. As also noted by the paper:
The other signatures for biogenicity of ALH-77005 are strong negative delta-c-13, enrichment of iron, manganese, phosphorus and zinc in shock melt support scenario.
Our study proposes the presence of microbial mediation on Mars.
Overall, the highlighted findings from ALH-77005 as listed in the paper include:
– Possible filamentous iron-oxidizing bacteria found in shock melt pocket of shergottite. – Possible biosignatures determined by optical microscopy and by FTIR-ATR. – Bioessential elements and carbon isotope data. – Comparison of similar results of Mezö-Madaras, Mócs, Knyahinya, all of which suggest biogenicity on Mars, according to these authors.
The arrows point to suspected mineralized microbially-mediated biosignatures in the ALH-77005 meteorite.
This isn’t the first time that possible evidence for life has been found, or at least claimed, in Martian meteorites. One prime example – in 1996, a team of scientists led by David S. McKay announced the discovery of tentative bacteria-like microbial fossils in another meteorite from Allan Hills – ALH-84001. It was widely reported, and President Clinton gave a speech about it at the time. Further studies by other scientists turned against the life interpretation, however, as possible non-biological explanations had been found for the formation of the microscopic rod-like features.
Similar abiotic (non-life related) features were created in the laboratory, although McKay insisted that those results were obtained using unrealistically pure raw materials as a starting point and do not explain many of the features found in ALH-84001. In 2010, another team of scientists, including McKay, said that they had found three times the original amount of fossil-like data, including more biomorphs (suspected fossils) inside two additional Martian meteorites, and more evidence at other spots in the Allan Hills meteorite itself.
The curious mineral formations in ALH-77005 now join a growing list of tentative evidence for ancient life on Mars. If they can be confirmed, it would be one of the most exciting discoveries in planetary science, and in human history.
Some of the bacteria-like rod-shaped objects found in the ALH-84001 Martian meteorite as seen by a scanning electron microscope, announced in 1996.
Bottom line: Whether these new results from Hungary hold up to additional scrutiny remains to be seen, but they are certainly intriguing, and may help to bolster previously announced findings of microbial fossils in Martian meteorites.
Was it a UFO? Massive explosion from outer space lights up sky and terrifies city
Was it a UFO? Massive explosion from outer space lights up sky and terrifies city
PANIC broke out in a major Russian city after what appeared to be a massive meteor exploded in the sky sparking fears the nation was under attack or even that a UFO had crash-landed.
The fireball exploded over Krasnoyarsk , in Siberia in broad daylight causing cars to stop in the road and pedestrians to run for cover. Some eye witnesses mistook the spectacular meteor for an incoming missile while others believed a plane had exploded in mid-air. The space was described as ‘bright and noisy with a long sparkling green and yellow tail’. It was the third major meteor or meteorite event registered over Siberia in four months. A frightened local woman said: “I panicked as it sounded and looked like a plane on fire. “I got really scared of the noise and shine it created.”
One woman called Svetlana doubted it was a meteor claiming the UFO flew “parallel to the ground” and “vanished” in the air instead of falling.
Another eye-witness added: “It was terrifying. I’d never seen anything like it – I genuinely thought a missile had gone off course or something and we were under attack.”
One man said: “It was incredibly stunning, really beautiful.
“I don’t think I've ever seen anything as beautiful as this.
“After it vanished we heard a noise - boom, boom! - as if something was exploding in the sky.”
Some residents said the meteorite was “blindingly bright, akin to the light and sparks created during intense welding work”.
The space rock split into several parts before vanishing in the sky eastwards over the Irkutsk region of Siberia.
It was visible for only around five seconds but its bright flash and booming noise meant it had many witnesses.
"I pulled a phone out of my pocket, but it flew across the sky so fast that I only caught a long white trace it left,” said one woman.
The local ministry of emergencies confirmed a meteor had been registered but said there was no threat to people or infrastructure, reported The Siberian Times.
Residents described the meteor as being "blindingly bright"
(Image: Will Stewart)
Expert Viktor Grokhovsky from Ural Federal University, said: “It exploded quite high in the sky somewhere over Irkutsk region.
“Its structure must have been quite loose given that it split into fragments.”
This was the third major extraterrestrial incident in four months over Siberia.
Earlier, on December 18 a meteor exploded close to Russia’s Kamchatka peninsula north of Japan with a force ten times more powerful than the Hiroshima atomic bomb, according to NASA.
On March 15 a meteorite slammed into Krasnoyarsk region with local reports saying it ‘warmed the air’ and ‘shook the ground’ after streaking across the sky in a green, yellow and orange fireball.
Part of this space rock is reported to have landed in the Podkamennaya Tunguska River smashing through 4ft of thick ice.
A bid is to be made to lift the meteorite from the river bottom.
The site is close to the world’s ‘largest known meteor explosion’ known as the Tunguska Event in 1911 which had the force of 185 Hiroshima bombs, wiping out 80 million trees.
The March space rock is now known as the Tura or New Tunguska meteorite.
Any intelligent aliens that humans manage to contact probably won't look much like you or me, or the squid-like creatures in the new film "Arrival."
If anextraterrestrial speciesbecomes advanced enough to send signals Earthlings can pick up, it will likely shed its traditional biological trappings and become a form of machine intelligence in rather short order, said veteran alien hunter Seth Shostak.
To make his case, Shostak pointed to the path that humanity appears to be on. The human species invented the radio around 1900 and the computer in 1945, and it's already manufacturing relatively cheap devices with greater computing power than the human brain. [13 Ways to Hunt Intelligent Alien Life]
The development of true, strong artificial intelligence (AI) is therefore not too far off, experts have said. The famous futurist Ray Kurzweil, for example, has pegged 2045 as the year this world-changing "singularity" will hit.
"But maybe it takes to 2100, or 2150, or 2250. It doesn't matter," Shostak said in September during a presentation at the Dent:Space conference in San Francisco. "The point is, any society that invents radio, so we can hear them, within a few centuries, they've invented their successors. And I think that's important, because the successors are machines."
AI will interface with people's bodies for a while, but eventually humans will abandon the wetware and go fully digital, Shostak predicted.
"It'll be like — you build a four-cylinder engine. You put it in a horse to get a faster horse. And pretty soon you say, 'Look, let's get rid of the horse part and just build a Maserati,'" said Shostak, an astronomer at the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute in Mountain View, California. "So that's probably what's going to happen."
Humans' machine selves will get smarter and more capable incredibly quickly, he added. Humanity's present intelligence is the result of 4 billion years of Darwinian evolution, which uses random variation as its raw material and is not directed toward any particular goal. But the evolution of machine intelligence will be engineered and efficient, Shostak said.
"Once you invent a thinking machine, you say, 'Invent something better than you are,' and you build that. 'Design something better than you are,' and you build that, and so forth," he said.
This idea has serious implications for the search for intelligent alien life. Unlike Earth organisms, super-advanced extraterrestrial machines would not require water or other chemicals to survive, so they would not be tied to their ancestors' home worlds tightly at all, Shostak said. And journeying tremendous distances would not be a big deal to these machines, provided they could access enough energy and raw materials to keep repairing themselves over the millennia, he said.
"We continue to look in the directions of star systems that we think have habitable words, that have planets where biology could cook up and eventually turn into something clever like you guys," he told the Dent:Space audience. "But I don't think it's going to be that way."
Shostak said he isn't counseling his fellow SETI astronomers to stop investigating potentially Earth-like planets such as Proxima b, a recently discovered world that lies just 4.2 light-years away. (And simple life-forms could still inhabit such worlds even if their most intelligent inhabitants went digital and departed long ago, Shostak said.) But it may be a good idea to expand the search to regions of space that would seemingly be attractive to digital life-forms, he said — for example, places with lots of available energy, such as the centers of galaxies.
"That may be where the really clever beings are," Shostak said.
"Maybe what we ought to do is look at places on the sky that connect two places where there is a lot of energy," in an attempt to intercept communications between alien machines, Shostak added.
"This is my message to you: We're looking for analogues of ourselves, but I don't know that that's the majority of the intelligence in the universe," Shostak concluded. "I'm willing to bet it's not."
Mysterious bright lights appeared over Norway on Saturday, leaving locals baffled and sparking speculation of potential UFO activity. The cause of the unusual colored clouds, though, was much closer to home.
Two orange dots appeared in the sky, followed by large expanding glowing clouds of purple and green lights on Saturday night, making Norway’s stunning Northern Lights, or aurora borealis, pale in comparison.
The unusual light show was actually part of a NASA-funded AZURE (Auroral Zone Upwelling Rocket Experiment) experiment to learn about the flow of particles in the ionosphere and to find out more about the contribution that an aurora makes to the amount of energy leaving and entering Earth’s geospace system. The ionosphere is the layer of the Earth’s atmosphere ionized by solar and cosmic radiation, located about 75-1000 km (46-621 miles) above our planet.
NASA Wallops✔@NASA_Wallops
The AZURE mission successfully launched back-to-back aboard two sounding rockets in Norway tonight. These colorful clouds created a light show in the sky, helping researchers track the flow of neutral and charged particles in Earth's ionosphere.
“It looked like an alien attack,” said Michael Theusner, who captured the bizarre sight while filming the Northern Lights.
Two rockets were launched from the the Andøya Space Center in northern Norway. They measured the temperature and atmospheric density and deployed tracers including trimethylaluminum and a barium and strontium mixture, which ionizes when exposed to sunlight.
“These mixtures create colorful clouds that allow researchers to track the flow of neutral and charged particles, respectively,” NASA explained last year, adding that its tracers would “pose no hazard to residents in the region.”
The clouds were then tracked to measure the winds and flow of particles as the glowing spots dispersed. NASA is planning another seven rocket launches in Norway over the next two years, so more alien panic could be expected.
A 'large meteor' exploded over Siberia causing 'panic' to witnesses in a major city who feared they had seen a plane on fire.
The space rock incursion visible from Krasnoyarsk in daylight was described as 'bright and noisy with a long sparkling green and yellow tail'.
It was the third major meteor or meteorite event registered over Siberia in four months - and was followed around six hours later by an another 'exploding meteor' further west in Samara.
In the latest incident southern parts of the Samara were lit up in flashes of 'green, then pink and violent', said householders.
Next there was a 'huge flash' causing 'windows and flower pots to vibrate, said a witness called Anna.
In Krasnoyarsk, a frightened local woman said: 'I panicked as it sounded and looked like a plane on fire.
'I got really scared of the noise and shine it created.'
Dash cam footage captures the bright spark first appearing in the sky above Krasnoyarsk, Siberia, Russia as if out of nowhere
Various videos captured the fascinating sight from all angles as hundreds watched the terrifying flash
Spotted from different angles, the meteor appeared to travel parallel to the ground before disapearing
One woman called Svetlana doubted it was a meteor claiming the UFO flew 'parallel to the ground' and 'vanished' in the air instead of falling.
A man said: 'It was incredibly stunning, really beautiful.
'I don't think I've ever seen anything as beautiful as this.'
After it vanished 'we heard a noise - boom, boom! - as if something was exploding in the sky.'
Some residents said the meteorite was 'blindingly bright, akin to the light and sparks created during intense welding work'.
The space rock split into several parts before vanishing in the sky eastwards over the Irkutsk region of Siberia.
It was visible for only around five seconds but its bright flash and booming noise meant it had many witnesses.
'I pulled a phone out of my pocket, but it flew across the sky so fast that I only caught a long white trace it left,' said one woman.
The local ministry of emergencies confirmed a meteor had been registered but said there was no threat to people or infrastructure, reported The Siberian Times.
Expert Viktor Grokhovsky from Ural Federal University, said: 'It exploded quite high in the sky somewhere over Irkutsk region…
Part of the Krasnoyarsk meteor which hit on March 15 is reported to have landed in the Podkamennaya Tunguska
A local showing the size of the fragment of rock found in Podkamennaya Tunguska, Russia
'Its structure must have been quite loose given that it split into fragments.'
This was thew third major extraterrestrial incident in four months over Siberia.
Earlier, on 18 December a meteor exploded close to Russia's Kamchatka peninsula north of Japan with a force ten times more powerful than the Hiroshima atomic bomb, according to NASA.
On 15 March a meteorite slammed into Krasnoyarsk region with local reports saying it 'warmed the air' and 'shook the ground' after streaking across the sky in a green, yellow and orange fireball.
Part of this space rock is reported to have landed in the Podkamennaya Tunguska River smashing through 4ft of thick ice.
A bid is to be made to lift the meteorite from the river bottom.
The site is close to the world's 'largest known meteor explosion' known as the Tunguska Event in 1911 which had the force of 185 Hiroshima bombs, wiping out 80 million trees.
The March space rock is now known as the Tura or New Tunguska meteorite.
Experts say the Samara incident was 'most likely a meteor' exploding at high altitude in the atmosphere.
Top-secret government investigation ‘probed health effects of UFO encounters’
Top-secret government investigation ‘probed health effects of UFO encounters’
Jasper Hamill
A top-secret US government research programme allegedly investigated the health effects of close encounters with UFOs.
The classified study was called the Advanced Aerospace Threat and Identification Program (AATIP) and investigated mysterious aircraft or other unexplained phenomena.
Official documents reveal that investigators studied ‘exotic technologies’ including wormholes, antigravity, invisibility cloaking, warp drives and high energy laser weapons.
Now it’s been claimed that AATIP explored the health ‘consequences’ suffered by people who witnessed UFO incidents.
Details of 38 papers published during the AATIP probe were released last year, although only a handful of the actual documents have been released to the public.
One of the studies was called ‘Field Effects on Biological Tissues’.
Nick Pope, who was head of the Ministry of Defence’s UFO investigation desk, said this is likely to be the paper which explored the health effects of close encounters.
Pope pointed us to an article published on Las Vegas Now in which Dr Hal Puthoff, a scientist who worked on AATIP, said: ‘We as part of this program looked at some cases that were really good from Brazil.
‘In 1977, 78, it was like Close Encounters of the Third Kind, a thousand pages of documents all done by the Brazilian Air Force investigative team, 500 photographs, 15 hours of motion film, a lot of medical injuries when people encountered these craft at close range.
’ Pope told Metro the statement is ‘confirmation that the Pentagon’s AATIP program looked not only at UFOs but also at close encounters and alien abductions’.
He said: ‘I can’t prove it, but from sources close to this I’m almost certain that part of this work involved getting blood and DNA samples from close encounter witnesses – including at least one and maybe two witnesses to the UK’s infamous Rendlesham Forest incident.
A view of the oval-shaped UFO encountered by US Airforce pilots
This official photograph shows a craft moving at incredible speeds that was spotted by two US Navy pilots over the Atlantic
‘I believe this was done in a way that disguised the fact that this was for a US intelligence program, with witnesses being told that they were participating in a scientific or academic study.’
The world first heard about AATIP following the release of footage showing an encounter between an F/A-18 Super Hornet fighter jet and an oval-shaped UFO travelling at astonishing speed.
Earlier this year, the US Defense Intelligence Agency has released documents which exposed some of the work carried during the top-secret UFO research project.
In a letter addressed to a congressional committee chaired by the late Senator John McCain in 2018, the DIA wrote: ‘The purpose of AATIP was to investigate foreign advanced aerospace weapon threats from the present out to the next 40 years,’ the letter explains.
A declassified document giving details of the research papers produced by AATIP investigators
And last year, AATIP programme manager Luis Elizondo said he believed there is ‘very compelling evidence we may not be alone’.
He also recently suggested mysterious ‘metamaterials’ which may have come from crashed alien spacecraft are being stored by the American government in specially modified warehouses in Las Vegas.
The AATIP programme was closed down in 2012, although the New York Times reporters that exposed its work believe it is still operational in some capacity.
An unprecedented type of computer simulation found shows that the levels of carbon dioxide have likely never been as high in the past 3 million years. During this time, global mean temperatures never exceeded preindustrial levels by more than 2 degrees Celsius.
Image credits: NOAA (not from this study).
Rising CO2
As climate science has continued to develop, researchers have found more and more pieces of data which can be included in models, finessing the results more and more. This latest computer simulation is the first to look at ocean floor sediment data of climate evolution over this period of time.
Essentially, researchers used a very efficient numerical model to reproduce the causes and features of climate variability over the past few million years. They tested the model results with known climate events, and the model successfully predicted these events — adding substantial confidence regarding its accuracy.
The study also shows that along with the Earth’s orbit, CO2 also plays a vital role in directing ice ages.
“We know from the analysis of sediments on the bottom of our seas about past ocean temperatures and ice volumes, but so far the role of CO2 changes in shaping the glacial cycles has not been fully understood,” says Matteo Willeit of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, lead author of the study now published in Science Advances. “It is a breakthrough that we can now show in computer simulations that changes in CO2 levels were a main driver of the ice ages, together with variations of how the Earth’s orbits around the sun, the so-called Milankovitch cycles. These are actually not just simulations: we compared our results with the hard data from the deep sea, and they prove to be in good agreement. Our results imply a strong sensitivity of the Earth system to relatively small variations in atmospheric CO2. As fascinating as this is, it is also worrying.”
Why is it worrying?
Studying Earth’s past is key to understanding its future evolution. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a well-known greenhouse gas, which, in the atmosphere, contributes to planetary warming. So you can get an idea of how extreme these results are, the last time CO2 levels were this high, there were trees at the South Pole.
So then, why aren’t we seeing more brutal effects?
It takes time for these changes to take effect. Much of the CO2 we are seeing into the atmosphere today was emitted in the past century — which, in geological terms, is the blink of an eye. It will take some time before today’s temperatures rise accordingly, but the chain of events has already been set in motion and, like all planetary processes, the inertia of this warming is gargantuan.
We are clearly seeing the first stages of this process, though. All temperature measurements show a steady increase which correlates with the extra CO2 observed in the atmosphere, and there is overwhelming evidence showing that the planet is warming upincredibly fast.
Is it because of us?
Yes. The scientific evidence is unequivocal: the greenhouse gas emissions (and particularly CO2) emitted by mankind are responsible for the warming trend we are observing.
While there is a great deal of talk about how this process happens and what its quantifiable effects are, the elephant in the room is there: we know CO2 traps heat in our planet’s atmosphere, and we know we are emitting a lot of CO2 — therefore we are responsible for the extra heating. We can argue about how big the elephant’s ears or trunk is, but the elephant is there and sticking our heads in the sand won’t solve anything.
Global warming is happening, whether we care to admit it or not.
Journal Reference: M. Willeit el al., “Mid-Pleistocene transition in glacial cycles explained by declining CO2 and regolith removal,” Science Advances (2019). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav7337 , http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/4/eaav7337
Where humanity goes, microorganisms boldly follow.
Self-portrait of Tracy Caldwell Dyson in the Cupola module of the International Space Station observing the Earth below during Expedition 24. Image credits NASA / Tracy Caldwell Dyson via Wikimedia.
New research is pinpointing exactly who makes up the microflora on the International Space Station. The study — the first comprehensive catalogue of the bacteria and fungi on the inside surfaces of the ISS — can be used to develop safety measures for NASA for long-term space travel or living in space.
Space bugs
“Whether these opportunistic bacteria could cause disease in astronauts on the ISS is unknown,” says Dr Checinska Sielaff, first author of the study. “This would depend on a number of factors, including the health status of each individual and how these organisms function while in the space environment. Regardless, the detection of possible disease-causing organisms highlights the importance of further studies to examine how these ISS microbes function in space.”
Microflora can have a range of impacts on human health, so it pays to know exactly what you’re up against — especially in space. Astronauts show an altered immune response during missions, which is compounded by the difficulty of giving them proper medical care. The team hopes that their catalog can give future space mission planners a better idea of which bugs accumulate in the unique environments associated with spaceflight, how long each strain survives, and their possible impact on the crew and the ship itself.
Despite the exotic setting, the team used pretty run-of-the-mill culture techniques to sample the microflora of eight different locations inside the ISS. These included the viewing window, toilet, exercise platform, dining table, and sleeping quarters. The samples were taken during three flights across 14 months’ time, so the team could get an idea of how the tiny organisms fared over time. Genetic sequencing methods were used to identify the strains in these samples.
All in all, the team reports finding mostly human-associated microbes on the ISS. The most prominent included Staphylococcus (26% of total isolates), Pantoea (23%), and Bacillus(11%). The analysis also revealed the presence of bugs considered to be opportunistic pathogens here on Earth — such as Staphylococcus aureus (10% of total isolates identified), which is commonly found on the skin and in the nasal passages, and Enterobacter, which is associated with the human gastrointestinal tract. Opportunistic pathogens are regulars in gyms, offices, and hospitals, the team explains, suggesting that the ISS’s microbiome is also shaped by human occupation, as is similar in microbiome to other built environments.
But it’s not all about the crew.
“Some of the microorganisms we identified on the ISS have also been implicated in microbial induced corrosion on Earth. However, the role they play in corrosion aboard the ISS remains to be determined,” says Dr Urbaniak, joint first author of the study.
“In addition to understanding the possible impact of microbial and fungal organisms on astronaut health, understanding their potential impact on spacecraft will be important to maintain structural stability of the crew vehicle during long term space missions when routine indoor maintenance cannot be as easily performed.”
Fungal communities were quite stable over the study’s period, but microbial communities changed over time (but not across locations). Samples taken during the second flight mission had higher microbial diversity than samples collected during the first and third missions. The authors suggest that these temporal differences may come down to which astronauts are aboard the ISS at any given time. Dr Venkateswaran hopes this data can help NASA improve on-board safety measures, and that they will pave the way to safe, deep space human habitation.
“The results can also have significant impact on our understanding of other confined built environments on the Earth such as clean rooms used in the pharmaceutical and medical industries,” he adds.
The paper “Characterization of the total and viable bacterial and fungal communities associated with the International Space Station surfaces” has been published in the journal Microbiome.
The US Army is planning to equip its soldiers with an AI helper. A mind-reading, behavior-predicting AI helper that should make operational teams run more smoothly
The Army hopes that giving AI the ability to interpret the brain activity of soldiers will help it better respond to and support their activity in battle. Image credits US Army.
We’re all painfully familiar with the autocomplete features in our smartphones or on the Google page — but what if we could autocomplete our soldiers’ thoughts? That’s what the US Army hopes to achieve. Towards that end, researchers at the Army Research Laboratory (ARL), the Army’s corporate research laboratory, have been collaborating with members from the University of Buffalo.
A new study published as part of this collaboration looks at how soldiers’ brain activity can be monitored during specific tasks to allow better AI-integration with the team’s activities.
Army men
“In military operations, Soldiers perform multiple tasks at once. They’re analyzing information from multiple sources, navigating environments while simultaneously assessing threats, sharing situational awareness, and communicating with a distributed team. This requires Soldiers to constantly switch among these tasks, which means that the brain is also rapidly shifting among the different brain regions needed for these different tasks,” said Dr. Jean Vettel, a senior neuroscientist at the Combat Capabilities Development Command at the ARL and co-author of this current paper.
“If we can use brain data in the moment to indicate what task they’re doing, AI could dynamically respond and adapt to assist the Soldier in completing the task.”
The Army envisions the battlefield of the future as a mesh between human soldiers and autonomous systems. One big part of such an approach’s success rests on these systems being able to intuit what each trooper is thinking, feeling, and planning on doing. As part of the ARL-University of Buffalo collaboration, the present study looks at the architecture of the human brain, its functionality, and how to dynamically coordinate or predict behaviors based on these two.
Currently, the researchers have focused on a single person, the purpose is to apply such systems” for a teaming environment, both for teams with Soldiers as well as teams with Autonomy” said Vettel.
The first step was to understand how the brain coordinates its various regions when executing a task. The team mapped how key regions connect to the rest of the brain (via bundles of white matter) in 30 people. Each individual has a specific connectivity pattern between brain regions, the team reports. So, they then used computer models to see whether activity levels can be used to predict behavior.
Each participant’s ‘brain map’ was converted into a computational model whose functioning was simulated by a computer. What the team wanted to see was what would happen when a single region of a person’s brain was stimulated. A mathematical framework, that the team themselves developed, was used to measure how brain activity became synchronized across various cognitive systems in the simulations.
Sounds like Terminator
“The brain is very dynamic,” Dr. Kanika Bansal, lead author on the work, says. “Connections between different regions of the brain can change with learning or deteriorate with age or neurological disease.”
“Connectivity also varies between people. Our research helps us understand this variability and assess how small changes in the organization of the brain can affect large-scale patterns of brain activity related to various cognitive systems.”
Bansal says that this study looks into the foundational, very basic principles of brain coordination. However, with enough work and refinement, we may reach a point where these fundamentals can be extended outside of the brain — to create dynamic soldier-AI teams, for example.
“While the work has been deployed on individual brains of a finite brain structure, it would be very interesting to see if coordination of Soldiers and autonomous systems may also be described with this method, too,” Dr. Javier Garcia, ARL neuroscientist and study co-author points out.
“Much how the brain coordinates regions that carry out specific functions, you can think of how this method may describe coordinated teams of individuals and autonomous systems of varied skills work together to complete a mission.”
Do I think this is a good thing? Both yes and no. I think it’s a cool idea. But, if I’ve learned anything during my years as a massive Sci-fi geek it’s that AI should not be weaponized. Using such systems to glue combat teams closer together and helping them operate more efficiently isn’t weaponizing them per se — but it’s uncomfortably close. Time will tell what such systems will be used for, if we develop them at all.
Hopefully, it will be for something peaceful.
The paper “Cognitive chimera states in human brain networks” has been published in the journal Science Advances.
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Leven op de rode planeet? Wetenschappers ontdekken verschillende soorten bacteriën in deze Marsmeteoriet
Leven op de rode planeet? Wetenschappers ontdekken verschillende soorten bacteriën in deze Marsmeteoriet
Wetenschappers uit Hongarije hebben organisch materiaal ontdekt in een meteoriet afkomstig van de planeet Mars. De meteoriet is in de jaren zeventig gevonden.
De wetenschappers ontdekten organisch materiaal in gemineraliseerde vorm, waaronder verschillende soorten bacteriën, in de meteoriet.
Dit wijst erop dat er leven kan zijn geweest (of is) op Mars.
Actieve bacteriën
De meteoriet, ALH-77005 geheten, is ergens tussen 1977 en 1978 tijdens een Japanse expeditie gevonden in de Allan Hills op Antarctica.
De onderzoekers suggereren in hun studie, gepubliceerd in het tijdschrift Open Astronomy, dat er actieve bacteriën aanwezig zijn op Mars.
Hun onderzoek suggereert ook dat er leven is geweest op andere planeten.
Interessant
“Ons werk kan interessant zijn voor veel onderzoekers,” zei hoofdonderzoeker Ildiko Gyollai van het onderzoekscentrum voor astronomie en aardwetenschappen in Boedapest.
Onder meer planetologen, experts op het gebied van meteorieten en astrobiologie, onderzoekers die de oorsprong van leven bestuderen en het grote publiek kunnen het onderzoek interessant vinden omdat het een licht werpt op de aanwezigheid van microben in meteorieten, aldus Gyollai.
Veranderen
Dit nieuwe onderzoek kan de manier waarop meteorieten in de toekomst worden onderzocht drastisch veranderen.
De onderzoekers pleiten voor een onderzoek naar materialen in het zonnestelsel om te achterhalen of er bewijs is voor microbieel leven in ruimterotsen, een aanwijzing dat er ooit leven was op Mars.
Is something brewing? Geologists discover a new hotspot in Yellowstone supervolcano that's killing off trees in a patch of warm land the size of FOUR soccer fields
Is something brewing? Geologists discover a new hotspot in Yellowstone supervolcano that's killing off trees in a patch of warm land the size of FOUR soccer fields
Scientists spotted growing 'tree kill zone' where the ground appears to be warm
It's been forming over roughly the last 20 years in Yellowstone back country
The experts say it's no cause for concern, and is in line with expected activity
A new thermal area has popped up in Yellowstone National Park, in yet another sign of the ever-changing magma activity beneath the surface.
Satellite images have revealed an expanse of about eight acres – or the equivalent of four soccer fields – where the ground is warmer than its surroundings, causing the trees and vegetation in that patch to die off.
While scientists have only just confirmed its existence, the United State Geological Survey (USGS) estimates it’s been forming over the last 20 or so years.
A look through the imagery going back to the 1990s confirmed what they suspected – a growing bright patch in the middle of the forest. by 2006, the beginnings of a ‘tree kill zone’ become to be apparent in the images. Now, the change is unmistakable
The massive new thermal area is marked by a 'tree kill zone,' seen above, where trees and other vegetation are dying out
In a new post for the USGS weekly Caldera Chronicles, scientists have revealed the existence of a new thermal area near Tern Lake.
These areas are home to one or more thermal features, such as hot springs or geysers, of which there are more than 10,000 scattered across the park.
Thermal features are grouped into about 120 distinct thermal areas, USGS explains.
Deep in the back country between the already established Tern Lake Therma Area and West Tern Lake, scientists have noticed a growing patch where trees seem unable to survive in the last few years.
A look through the imagery going back to the 1990s confirmed what they suspected – a growing bright patch in the middle of the forest, signaling warmth beneath the surface.
On the right, dark pixels represent frozen lakes during wintertime. West Tern Lake may be thawing as a result of thermal waters from nearby hot springs. The bright (warm) pixels between West Tern Lake and the Tern Lake thermal area has emerged over the last 20 years
Satellite images have revealed an expanse of about eight acres – or the equivalent of four soccer fields – where the ground is warmer than its surroundings, causing the trees and vegetation in that patch to die off
‘Analysis of a Landsat-8 nighttime thermal infrared image acquired in April 2017 revealed an unexpected warm area between West Tern Lake and the previously mapped Tern Lake thermal area,’ USGS says.
In 1994, the space between Tern Lake Thermal Area and West Tern Lake was covered in trees and vegetation
‘This mysterious patch of bright pixels in the thermal infrared image did not match any previously mapped thermal areas.’
In 1994, the space between Tern Lake Thermal Area and West Tern Lake was covered in trees and vegetation.
But, by 2006, the beginnings of a ‘tree kill zone’ become to be apparent in the images.
Now, the change is unmistakable.
‘The most recent image of the Tern Lake region, from 2017, reveals a large area of dead trees and bright soil, rather like a thermal area,’ USGS says.
‘From all these satellite and aerial images, we conclude that a new thermal area has emerged in the past 20 years!’ the team added.
Its appearance is no cause for concern. According to the experts, the activity goes in line with what’s expected for the Yellowstone area.
Thermal areas are marked by a 'tree kill zone,' where vegetation is unable to thrive. West Thumb, for example, can be seen above in Yellowstone National Park
COULD AN ERUPTION AT THE YELLOWSTONE SUPERVOLCANO BE PREVENTED?
Recent research found a small magma chamber, known as the upper-crustal magma reservoir, beneath the surface
Nasa believes drilling up to six miles (10km) down into the supervolcano beneath Yellowstone National Park to pump in water at high pressure could cool it.
Despite the fact that the mission would cost $3.46 billion (£2.63 billion), Nasa considers it 'the most viable solution.'
Using the heat as a resource also poses an opportunity to pay for plan - it could be used to create a geothermal plant, which generates electric power at extremely competitive prices of around $0.10 (£0.08) per kWh.
But this method of subduing a supervolcano has the potential to backfire and trigger the supervolcanic eruption Nasa is trying to prevent.
'Drilling into the top of the magma chamber 'would be very risky;' however, carefully drilling from the lower sides could work.
This USGS graphic shows how a 'super eruption' of the molten lava under Yellowstone National Park would spread ash across the United States
Even besides the potential devastating risks, the plan to cool Yellowstone with drilling is not simple.
Doing so would be an excruciatingly slow process that one happen at the rate of one metre a year, meaning it would take tens of thousands of years to cool it completely.
And still, there wouldn't be a guarantee it would be successful for at least hundreds or possibly thousands of years.
When the authorities say, “There’s nothing to worry about,” do you immediately start worrying? Then get out your beads because the experts who monitor the magma underneath the Yellowstone National Park and its surrounding area say satellite images of the park show a “mysterious patch of bright pixels” that turned out to be a newly formed “tree kill zone” and an area of dead vegetation that wasn’t there before. (Insert “Nothing to worry about here.”)
“Recently, we have discovered another phenomenal example of thermal change—the emergence of an entirely new thermal area, which has taken place over the past 20 years!”
If it’s nothing to worry about, why the exclamation point at the end of a blog post in Caldera Chronicles, a weekly article written by U.S. Geological Survey Yellowstone Volcano Observatory scientists? For good measure, they put another exclamation point at the end of the title, “Discovering new thermal areas in Yellowstone’s dynamic landscape!”. This can’t be a good sign!!! The only thing worse would be if they told us NOT TO WORRY IN ALL CAPS!!!
“Analysis of a Landsat-8 nighttime thermal infrared image acquired in April 2017 revealed an unexpected warm area between West Tern Lake and the previously mapped Tern Lake thermal area. This mysterious patch of bright pixels in the thermal infrared image did not match any previously mapped thermal areas.”
USGS image
“Mysterious patch.” No exclamation point but it was enough for the USGS to do some historical analysis on the remote Tern Lake and West Tern Lake area. What the scientists found, using images from the Landsat-8 National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP), was that there was no anomaly in this location in 1994 photos and a small patch of dead vegetation in 2006 images. On the other hand, the 2017 image showed:
“The area of bright pixels identified in the Landsat-8 thermal infrared image corresponds to a newly emerging area of warm ground and tree kills about 32,500 m2 (8 acres, or 4 soccer fields) in area.”
Four soccer fields! (Our exclamation point this time.) This indicates something even more mysterious … why did they measure this kill zone in soccer fields rather than the tradition U.S. measurement of football fields?
To soothe worried Yellowstone supervolcano watchers, the blog article points out that a ‘thermal area’ is a cluster of “thermal features (like fumaroles, hot springs, or geysers) surrounded by hydrothermally altered ground, hydrothermal mineral deposits, geothermal gas emissions, heated ground, and/or a lack of vegetation. While there are over 10,000 thermal features in Yellowstone, most are in just 120 distinct thermal areas like Upper Geyser Basin, Norris Geyser Basin and Tern Lake. Because the area is so large and the thermal areas are generally in remote locations, satellites are needed to monitor them. In its “nothing to worry about” comment, the USGS says:
“This is exactly the sort of behavior we expect from Yellowstone’s dynamic hydrothermal activity, and it highlights that changes are always taking place, sometimes in remote and generally inaccessible areas of the park. We will continue to keep an eye on Yellowstone using satellite imagery and report on any changes we see in future Caldera Chronicles articles.”
USGS image
Will we have to wait another 11 years for an update on the tree kill zone at West Tern Lake? Here come the last exclamation points:
“And if you’re really interested, you can check out the Landsat-8 data and airborne NAIP images for yourself! All images are freely available from https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov. Have fun!”
Fun? Exclamation point ‘Fun!’ is an amusement park, not a supervolcano park.
David Wilcock: New Disclosure Revelations - Five Million Yar History of the Colonization of Our Solar System
David Wilcock: New Disclosure Revelations - Five Million Year History of the Colonization of Our Solar System
David Wilcock will discuss the long history of our solar system and the unseen things that occur in it. David Wilcock has built an extraordinary connection of insiders, including those who worked for many years off-planet in the “Secret Space Program.”
Through combining multiple, interlinking testimonials, combined with the groundbreaking history revealed in the Law of One series, it is now possible for the first time to reconstruct the settlement of our solar system.
Learn the epic and incredible story arc that ultimately led to Earth being colonized by extraterrestrial beings — and the massive wars that wiped out all but a small number of their descendants, who lived on as 12 to 13-foot giants until as recently as the 1700s.
Scientific evidence will be presented as often as possible — including remarkable NASA photographs suggesting where the ruins of these lost civilizations may still be found.
In the NASA photo index I found an erotic looking photo that appears to show the pelvis and hips of a nude woman. When I did further research I found that the photo was of astroid Eros. This sounded odd...since Eros is an ancient Greek god of love. Eros is suppose to be a male, so its bit off base. But what if this close up photo is of a much larger figure carved into the asteroid Eros? Its possible that there is a huge sculpture of the Greek god on this astroid. I don't believe in coincidences. It seems to me that NASA is hiding the rest of this sculpture and they accidentally published this particular photo of it.
Either way, this astroid has a fitting name indeed.
This UFO was caught over a persons home and he was so convinced that it was a UFO that he brought the video to the local Herald news agency in the Rock Hill. He saw two of the objects in the area and he followed it across the Interstate until he lost sight of it.
Awesome video. Often UFOs have a surface unlike anything you have seen before. This UFO has a surface that is translucent. This translucent surface is not still or motionless, but instead is a continually changing pattern of mother of pearl colors that move over the surface of the transparent area slowly, with transparent gaps all around it. Much like gasoline in a puddle of water and how it shines, except on a UFO, that color moves, rotating around the ship as its pattern continues to change. One rotation around the craft might be 60 seconds for a baseball size UFO or minutes for a larger size UFO. How do I know? I stood 2 meters from a baseball size UFO for 15-20 seconds a few years back, before it shot off 50 meters away watching me on the roof of my 8 floor apartment building. It was...surreal.
Scott C. Waring
News states:
He said he saw the flying object — a rotating silver orb with two lights on one side, and one on another — near his home, flying above the AMC Classic Rock Hill 7 movie theater on Cherry and Anderson roads. He said the object was just feet above the movie theater roof, but later flew higher in the sky. Heath said he followed the object down Interstate 77 to Chester, where he lost sight of it over the treeline. He said it was difficult to get the object on video. His phone wouldn’t pick it up on camera, so he had to use a digital camera. “My hands were shaking so bad,” he said. “Because I saw it up close. I was freaked out.”
Here is an ancient sarcophagus on mars as seen in the original NASA photo. There are actually three of them, but two had fallen the other direction and only one had fallen towards us, which allows us to see its lid. The lid of the sarcophagus has a figure of person on it. Its easy to make out the head, shoulders and body on top of the lid.
I also found loads of other ancient artefacts in this NASA photo. For instance I found some ancient pillars, structures and many other objects that clearly were made by intelligent beings. The culture seems to have ended during a time similar to Earths moment in history before the great pyramids were made.
Oh, and I found a sitting figure of a person. You can see it in the screenshots below. It shows that these beings were a bit similar to humans in appearance and behavior.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 5/5 - (1 Stemmen) Categorie:Ruins, strange artifacts on other planets, moons, ed ( Fr, EN, NL )
Something weird happened in the sky over Lapland and Northern Norway
Something weird happened in the sky over Lapland and Northern Norway
On April 5, 2019 in Norway, researchers at the Andøya Space Center launched two sounding rockets into a minor geomagnetic storm. The results were out of this world. Aurora tour guide Kim Hartviksen photographed glowing blobs of blue and purple caused by the rockets dumping chemical powders into the storm.
Image credit Webcam/Blakley.
"Residents for hundreds of miles were taken by surprise by these strange lights, which prompted calls to the police and 'The aliens are coming!' hysteria!" says Chris Nation who runs the Aurora Addicts guiding service.
When the night began, Nation, Hartviksen, and their clients were treated to a display of auroras, ignited by a stream of solar wind buffeting Earth's magnetic field. "As the auroras started to ebb away, our friends at Andøya launched their rockets into the fading lights," says Nation. "The show began anew as the rockets released their payload into the upper atmosphere."
Soon the glowing blobs evolved into more complicated structures--like two giant squid dancing in the northern sky with an impressive aurora display as its backdrop," describes Blakley. "Our webcam has been taking a picture every five minutes for nearly 10 years. These images are by far the most exciting I've ever seen it record."
According to spaceweather, the name of the sounding rocket mission is AZURE--short for Auroral Zone Upwelling Rocket Experiment. Its goal is to measure winds and currents in the ionosphere, a electrically-charged layer of the Earth's atmosphere where auroras appear. Specifically, the researchers are interested in discovering how auroral energy might percolate down toward Earth to influence the lower atmosphere.
According to NASA, which funded the mission, the chemicals pose no hazard to residents in the region but since NASA is involved in this project, we always have to ask ourselves if it was really an Auroral Zone Upwelling Rocket Experiment or that the experiment was meant to test something else.
You have to watch these neat videos. They are very convincing. I copy and pasted the information below just so you have more to go on and understand. Enjoy and be amazed.
Description of the video above (video originally from Youtube user “LunaCognita):
After receiving such a positive response to my first “NASA Alien Anomalies” compilation video, I decided I would do a follow-up effort, presenting a few more of my favorite anomalous audio soundbites, videos, and still images that I have archived during my years of research and investigation into this most monumental of all cover-ups.
Hopefully, you will see some new evidence here in this video that you were not aware of, as I made sure to include a few less-publicized (though in my opinion still highly compelling) images in this presentation.
I also include audio portions of another radio interview with Doctor Edgar Mitchell , Lunar Module Pilot for the Apollo 14 mission and the sixth man to walk on the Moon. This particular interview is from July of 2008, and as you will hear, Mitchell is VERY candid about the existence of intelligent extra-terrestrial life and of the long-term and on-going effort to conceal this information from the public. In addition to his fame as an Apollo astronaut, here is a brief look at some of Doctor Mitchell’s other very impressive credentials. He is not exactly some “crazy hick farmer talking about swamp gas”, now is he?
Edgar Mitchell- BIOGRAPHY
US Naval Aviator (carrier/research/test-qualified)
Instructor at the Navy’s research pilot school.
Astronaut selection – 1966 Backup LMP for Apollo 10 LMP for Apollo 14 – lunar landing (Fra Mauro highlands)
Bachelor of Science in Industrial Management from Carnegie Mellon University, Bachelor of Science from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, Doctor of Science in Aeronautics and Astronautics from MIT,Honorary Doctorates in engineering from New Mexico State University, the University of Akron, Carnegie Mellon University, and a Doctor of Science from Embry-Riddle University.
Awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the United States Navy Distinguished Medal, three NASA Group Achievement Awards.
Inducted into the Space Hall of Fame in 1979 and the Astronaut Hall of Fame in 1998. Nominee for the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005. Member of Kappa Sigma fraternity Advisory Board Chairman of the Institute for Cooperation in Space,
Co-founder of The Institute of Noetic Sciences (IONS) to encourage and conduct research on “human potentials”.
Also, I may as well draw attention to the fact that more than once in this interview, Dr. Mitchell mentions a “60-year” timeframe for this coverup (The “Roswell Incident” was in 1947 remember), and he confirms that the reverse-engineering of advanced alien technology has been going on since then. This is VERY important for many reasons, and knowing this, you must also realize and accept that what you think may be “State Of The Art” technology in the public realm is in fact DECADES behind the true “Beyond State Of The Art” technology the military industrial complex have covertly developed and have been playing with (paid for by all of you of course!).
Also, be sure to check out Jose Escamilla’s new motion picture documentary “MOON RISING”, where we go into much further depth about what is, without exaggeration, the most monumental coverup in human history. You have NO idea what you have been missing!”
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The great George Ivanovitch Gurdjieff taught that even though our brains and minds may ‘wake up’ every morning allowing us to function as social beings, that in no way means we are truly Awake in a philosophical and spiritual sense. ‘Waking up’ every morning only means we continue in our social roles as in a ‘wakeful dream’. A fact that becomes painfully evident whenever we come to terms with the vast and deep unknown of the Collective Psyche and its impingement on each of us.
Often, the dreams we have when our bodies are asleep may be construed as metaphors of how the psyche tends to represent deep truths and feelings in rather simplistic, even literal ways. If we’re about to venture on a hard and perilous journey, we won’t be surprised if the night before we have nightmares of horrific airplane, ship or bus accidents, of any manner of physical misadventure. If when awake we watch a movie about a great and fearful fire, we may that night have nightmares of being trapped inside a flaming house… In short, dreams are often literal, childish renditions of far more complex matters churning in our minds or deep inside our souls.
Ages Come; Ages Go
We all dream as individual, social persons, but we seldom ask if we might also dream as a race? If we do, how long do those collective dreams endure? If individual dreams last one night, do collective dreams go on for whole decades, a century, or even a millennium?
Just as individual dreams may be triggered by everyday experiences, worries and angst, are collective dreams governed by more subtle long-term forces of a more genetic, even cosmic nature? Does such collective dreaming impinge upon the individual psyche, becoming potential untapped sources of perilous and primordial forces and group experience, and if so, how may we tap into them?
Today, people live longer than our forebears. An average person in the West may live 75, perhaps 80 years, less for people in other regions of the world. Interestingly, if modern man lives on average, say 72 years, that is equivalent to one degree (i.e., 1/360th) of a Great Year or Platonic Year of 25,920 years (i.e., 72 years x 360 degrees = 25,920 years).
Which brings us to the transitional upheavals upon our Collective Psyche today, as the end of the Platonic Month or ‘Age’ of Pisces draws nigh. This period also marks the end of an entire Great Year in the 25,920-year ‘Precession of the Equinoxes’ cycle, as we transit into the next 2,160-year period, or ‘month’, as the Sun rises at the vernal equinox with the constellation of Aquarius as stellar backdrop.
Yes, we are transitioning into the so-called ‘month’ of Aquarius, symbolically marked by the Water Bearer, Ganymede,1 and its astrological opposite, Leo, the Lion. Back in the 1970s, the Hippie culture sang hymns to the dawning ‘Age of Aquarius’, naively believing the Aquarian archetype of the New Age would be filled with light, joy and happiness. They did not realise archetypes are ambivalent psychic beasts. Whilst you may wishfully think you are on its ‘light-ward side’, with the shining Sun above and the archetype at your feet, instead you might unwittingly – and far more likely – find yourself beneath the archetype: in its shadow, with all its darkness, gloom and confusion.
Even now, as Pisces wanes and Aquarius waxes, the human race seems trapped on the ‘dark side’ of both archetypes, with their darkest shadows covering our world in blackest night.
During these cosmic transitions, which impact the collective psyche, the dawning Platonic Month activates deep-rooted archetypes in the Collective Psyche. At the same time, the ‘used up’ waning archetypes plunge into slumber and deactivation, as the ‘dying’ month falls ‘asleep’ below the horizon.
No one human being can actually experience these long-term changes because they literally span thousands of years. However, we can see them reflected – as in the wall of Plato’s Cave – in collective symbols, social paradigms and human behaviour as they ‘dawn’ and ‘wane’.
The now waning Age of Pisces grew strong and powerful at the start of Christianity, two millennia ago, as the Trinity and Crucifixion resonated age-old archetypes – the Father-Mother-Son Triad, the Hero-Avatar, the sacrificial Cross or Yggdrasil Tree – and spontaneously linked it all to the Piscean fishes. Christ miraculously fed multitudes with baskets filled with fish, followed by His fishermen Apostles, walked on the Sea of Galilee, marking His clandestine fish symbol – ICHTHYS – deep into the catacombs of the Western psyche. Pisces, in turn, was balanced by its astronomical counterpart Virgo – the Virgin Mary/Isis – acting as a flywheel.
In spite of its present decadence and materialistic rationalisations as a worldly institution, unworthy today of its luminous ancient roots, the Roman Catholic Church has nevertheless stood its ground on the profound significance of this cosmic symbol. Today, it continues to uphold the Pisces-Virgo Axis, something Protestant sects abandoned half a millennium ago, severing links to these subtle vital cosmic forces.
When speaking of Platonic Months, we speak not so much in terms of physical sequential time – i.e. Chronos – but rather in terms of sacred time, Kairos: significant and meaningful points in time. Thus, the ‘end’ of Pisces and ‘beginning’ of Aquarius carry no specific date in chronological time. Rather, we are dealing with an imprecise, complex overlapping as one age gives way to the next and powerful forces are suddenly unleashed, as if both ages were psychic ‘tectonic plates’: long silent until sudden cataclysmic upheavals unleash psychic earthquakes shaking the collective unconscious!
Some constellations of the Zodiac occupy large swathes of sky whilst others are more modest by comparison. Accordingly and true to Kairos, the Zodiac is not a mathematically exact definition of a specific geography in the heavens centred on the sidereal equator; much more it is a symbol, an anagram, a reflection of earthly matters in the sky (and vice-versa), and as such no causal relationships exist – nor indeed need be found or ‘scientifically’ proven – between human affairs on Earth and the imagery of signs and shapes Man projects upon the heavens by literally ‘joining the dots’ in the sky, something he’s been doing for thousands of years.
Rather, we should think in terms of Carl Jung’s synchronicities: certain events have no direct causal link, but project ‘meaning’ for us in our individual and collective life experiences.
Thus, if you’re born a Pisces, Leo, or Scorpio, people around you will notice certain traits, patterns, tendencies and attitudes that somehow ‘fit’ the way Pisceans, Leos or Scorpions behave. Understanding and nurturing these meanings is more of an Art than a science. Seek no elusive Cartesian causal links, because none are to be found. That’s how synchronicity works: qualitative leaps towards a higher order of things, which in its jagged and labyrinth-like trajectory are not concerned with sequential logic.
We thus dive deep into the sacred realm of Meaning and the deep-seated mystery of Becoming, where archetypes, synchronicities and Platonic Months are the compasses that ensure we do not lose our way.
Worlds in Collision
In this train of thought, there is deep-seated lore pointing to ‘polar inversions’ taking place over eons of time. In its materialistic interpretation, they seem to resolve in End Times, when Earth’s poles switch place. Proponents of this theory claim the planet performs some sort of somersault on its own axis leading to all manner of geological catastrophes bringing ghastly fire and brimstone raining upon all of us, 200-metre tsunamis sweep across continents obliterating cities and lands, killing billions of people and flattening civilisation.
That’s the History Channel version, which does naught but reflect American materialism gone ballistic as Hollywood makes millions of dollars cashing in on ‘Coming Catastrophe Syndrome’. Especially after the 11 September 2001 False Flag event, with that overpowering vision of the two mighty Twin Towers collapsing free fall into their footprints in just eleven seconds.
Rather than explaining the otherwise unexplainable (save for Deep State conspiracies), Hollywood plays on our irrational anguish, delivering to the masses nightmarish catastrophe after catastrophe, explosion after explosion, cataclysm after cataclysm, unleashing and tapping into deep-seated collective psychic forces. Is their hidden agenda to prepare us for even fiercer False Flag events? As wizard’s apprentices, they may also unleash terribly dark forces that feedback from the collective psyche into the physical world of climate, war, violence and real tectonic plates slipping one into the other. A real case scenario of Velikovsky’s ‘worlds in collision’!
Polar Inversions
As the Great Year draws to the end of its current cycle, the ‘polar inversion’ we’re already seeing might be a mutually influencing synchronistic ‘dance’ emanating from Man’s collective psyche. Mankind is coming fast to understand that the present Western-dominated civilisation has come up against an inescapable dead-end.
Those usurping all the wealth and power of the world do so at the cost of raping our planet of its resources. They destroy people’s psyche by levelling them into mental slavery, poverty, humiliation and death. All at an alarmingly fast pace, spinning ever-faster like a drain down a cosmic sinkhole. While billions exist in a ‘hell-on-earth’, a tiny minority harness technology to their service, preserving a status quo that allows them to retain and steal more and more of the world’s resources.
Who are ‘they’? This clique has been called various names: the Establishment, the Elite, One-Worlders, the Controllers, the Globalists… As a researcher into global geopolitical power structures, I prefer to simply call them the ‘Global Power Elite’ (GPE): ‘Global’ because they have planet-wide reach and mismanage the world instead of preserving this beautiful planet belonging to us all; ‘Power’ in that they illegitimately usurped almost all the world’s material power – economic, financial, media, social, military, intellectual – hijacking it to serve their selfish objectives; and ‘Elite’ (even though they do not deserve an aristocratic description) in that they are an illegitimate ruling class.
To date, their power base is mainly in the northern hemisphere, structured into geographically small, dense and highly focused power nodes or centres they call ‘major cities’: New York, London, Paris, Berlin, Moscow, Beijing, Tokyo, Los Angeles, Chicago, Paris, Mexico City, and Bombay, spinning like a runaway merry-go-round, particularly their virtual, vampire-like parasitic financial system. These nodes have spilled southwards too: Sydney, Sao Paulo, Buenos Aires.
In part, this evolution is easy to understand considering 68% of Earth’s landmass lies north of the equator whilst only 32% lies south of it. That 71% of our planet is underwater makes the 29% landmass quite crowded, especially in the north.
This overcrowding is one of the GPE’s main concerns, potentially impacting them, and they seem to be taking evasive action as discretely as possible. The northern hemispheric crisis includes growing geopolitical dangers facing Europe, the Middle East and other regions of the north, where the largest countries today are the Russian Federation and China, neither of which are in the least bit willing to share their huge landmass with the GPE.
A geopolitical imperative noted over a century ago by British geographer Halford Mackinder holds that the vast Eurasian region is the ‘Heartland’, and whoever controls it controls the ‘World Island’ and thus the entire world. Today, the ‘Heartland’ is firmly under the control of Russia and its Asian allies: China & India. The US, UK and the European Union, where the GPE is based, understand their weakness all too well.
For centuries, the UK and the US have had an insular geopolitical strategy. Not only is Britain an island, but in geopolitical terms the US can be likened to a giant island with only a small connection to its South American ‘backyard’ through the Isthmus of Panama. The US and UK have made strenuous efforts to ensure no one country should control the ‘World Island’, using a ‘divide and conquer’ strategy, whether against Napoleon, Hitler or Stalin.
The nightmare for the GPE is as follows: what if Russia, which is rediscovering its soul after shrugging off seventy years of foreign-imposed Bolshevism, joins forces with Germany, once that country too finally frees itself from US occupation? [Germany is home to the largest US airbase outside North America.] Imagine such a phenomenal geopolitical alliance: Berlin-Moscow-Beijing.
“Go South, Young Man…”
The GPE are looking further afield for new lands and places of conquest, migration, refuge and re-settlement: Earth’s landmass lying south of the equator. This is roughly two-thirds of South America, one-third of Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and a myriad of island and island-states in the south Pacific, south Atlantic and Indian oceans… plus mysterious Antarctica!
In South America, the GPE have financed puppet governments in all its weak, nominally ‘free and democratic’ countries. They’ve purchased gigantic swathes of land for their private use, or corporate control if they sit on the oil, gas, minerals, potable water and arable soil. The writing is on the wall.
There are clear signs the northern hemisphere will soon be impacted by uncontrollable turmoil: political, financial, physical, and environmental. Our Southern Lands hold the key to survival for them. They are thus increasingly transforming their financial – virtual – wealth into economic – concrete – wealth, centred on land ownership and control.
Major moves can be seen on their ‘Grand Chessboard’: the breakup of the European Union, the demise of NATO, the exhaustion of oil, the re-invention of the British ‘Empire’ after Brexit (where Britain reverts to ‘Imperial Mode’, as recent sabre-rattling with Spain over Gibraltar shows), the collapse of the US Dollar through hyperinflation and of the Euro through political break-up.
Yes, it’s true. The GPE are making furious plans to mitigate the impact of the Armageddon syndrome on them. Hollywood described this in their blockbuster film 2012, alluding to a so-called ‘Mayan Calendar’ prophecy of planetary meltdown on 21 December 2012. But – alas – nothing happened! End Times, pole shifts and Age transitions don’t work that way. Maybe the GPE cannot fathom anything outside their materialistic sequential thought patterns and paradigms. For them, everything has a fixed ‘due-date’ as if there’s always some fancy report or financial sheet that needs to be ‘submitted by…’ They seem to be scared frozen, not understanding that this time it’s not about money – and that leaves them totally helpless.
When South Becomes North
A Pole Shift actually points to where the Light of Mankind will shine from. The most Ur-ancient lore of the Indo-European tradition says we incarnated into this planet from God’s Cosmos through a point in coldest, darkest and farthest north. Greek poet Pindar nailed it when he wrote of “Hyperboreans.” The Indian mystic Bal Lokmanya Tilak wrote of these ideas in his book The Arctic Home in the Vedas.
As the eternal light of spirit becomes brighter and brighter, emanating from the South, the Arctic ‘cosmic door’ will ‘close’ and become darker and darker in spiritual terms, as the southern Antarctic door ‘opens’. The coming battle is not to save the North, but to give birth to the South.
Only this time, the ‘rules of engagement’ are very different: the South has a plentiful landmass in Antarctica which the North lacks, a fact clearly understood by the GPE as reflected in their renewed interest in Antarctica, for ‘scientific purposes’, of course.
Their mistake, however, is to consider this an egotistic blank check to wriggle their way out of history’s coming justice and their accountability for the disasters they wrought against Mankind over past centuries. They believe they can use their wealth and gold to buy up the tastiest chunks of Patagonia, Amazonia, the Pampas, New Zealand, Australia, even Tasmania, and, of course, consolidate their hold over Antarctica. This explains why they will never let go of their Falkland Islands enclave, and their control over the south Atlantic via Ascension Island, the south Pacific via Hawaii, and the Indian Ocean via Diego Garcia.
For them it’s a question of money, money and more money. Every time their sick pranks go into self-destructive overdrive, as their banking system did in 2008, they organise to dump all their toxic financial waste onto the working people, giving it a smart-sounding name like ‘subprime crisis’, ‘financial cycle crisis’ and ‘quantitative easing’.
They make-believe these catastrophes are ‘not their fault’. No sir, it was just ‘business as usual’, as their media puppets painstakingly try to explain. Where ‘usual’ means privatising all profits for them, and socialising all losses by dumping them on ‘We The People’. It then becomes a sanitised problem of ‘financial-cycle management’, where global war is part of financial whitewashing and ‘reconstruction’. If 10, 20 or 30 million die in the course of any one of these ‘cycles’, well… you know the explanation: it’s business-as-usual’s ‘collateral damage’. This time, however, they know only too well that the upheavals will be of a titanic nature. Most worrying for us Southern Peoples is they are coming this way. Make no mistake, the next ‘global reset’ will not be an orderly and peaceful experience.
We Hold the Key
We understand what it’s all about. It’s not about money; our war is not money-based. It’s about understanding and awakening. It’s about establishing the foundations of a New Society on a different set of pillars. It’s about becoming attuned to the cosmic nature of our planet. It’s about understanding and listening to the music of our planet which is exuding a new song as its melodies echo into the Heavens, announcing a New Sky, for the old sky shall be no more. It means shedding fear and understanding that mind-slavery and taboos – like the Orwellian ‘2 + 2 = 5’ – are outright lies.
Perhaps what failed to save the North will now re-awaken in new spirit in the South, in a totally different garment, one aligned to our Southern lands, winds and our peoples’ different origins. Eternal archetypes flourish here with a different flavour, aroma and melody. That is our greatest challenge: to understand the next step in Man’s cosmic evolution, and to take that step boldly and without wavering. For as the Australian poet Henry Lawson wrote, “The South must look to the South for strength in the Storm that is to Come…”
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Footnote
1. Ganymede was the loveliest born of the race of mortals. The Olympian “gods caught him away to themselves, to be Zeus’ wine-pourer, for the sake of his beauty, so he might be among the immortals” (Homer, Iliad, Book XX). A model for the ancient Greek social custom of paiderastia, the socially acceptable erotic homosexual relationship between an adult male and an adolescent male; Ganymede poured wine for Zeus. No wonder the age-old homosexuality archetype is waking up today!
The leader of Asgardia, which styles itself as humanity’s first “space nation,” has a warning for world leaders: a life-threatening asteroid impact is “inevitable” unless we do something to stop it.
“In the last 100 years, the Earth has been hit at least three times by space objects, each with an explosive power many times greater than the Hiroshima atomic bomb,” Igor Ashurbeyli said in a press release shared with Futurism. “Future life-threatening impacts are inevitable unless defences [defenses] are built.”
“World leaders must intensify efforts to detect and track [near-earth objects] and create ways to deflect them from a strike on earth,” he added.
Pay Attention
Let’s be real: It’d be easy to dismiss anything that comes from Asgardia as a joke. The nation is little more than an idealistic concept at this point — it doesn’t have anywhere for its citizens to live, and its name sounds kinda silly.
However, Ashurbeyli isn’t the first person to express concerns that an asteroid could wipe out humanity — scientists and other experts have been sounding the warning for years.
He also isn’t the only one who thinks world leaders aren’t doing enough to protect the planet from the threat — retired NASA astronaut Russell “Rusty” Schweickart recently asserted that the United States should be doing a lot more to detect potential asteroid strikes.
Planning Stages
Thankfully, space agencies aren’t completely ignoring the threat of Earth-bound asteroids.
NASA is currently developing a probe to smash into incoming asteroids to redirect them away from the Earth, with plans to launch in 2020 or 2021. The European Space Agency, meanwhile, is developing a “self-driving” spacecraftto work in conjunction with NASA’s probe.
Whether these projects will be ready in time to prevent an asteroid from smashing into the Earth and causing humanity to go the way of the dinosaur, however, is currently impossible to predict.
AFPDe Indiase onderscheppingsraket die werd gelanceerd om een satelliet te vernietigen.
WETENSCHAP & PLANEETIndia heeft vandaag benadrukt dat de brokstukken die resteerden na een succesvolle test met een anti-satellietraket geen gevaar vormen voor het internationaal ruimtestation (ISS). De autoriteiten wuifden daarmee de kritiek van de Amerikaanse ruimtevaartorganisatie NASA weg. Deze noemde de vernietiging van een oude ruimtesonde op 27 maart een “verschrikkelijke zaak”, die het risico voor de astronauten in het ISS vergroot.
“De missie was zo opgezet dat de overblijfselen snel hoogte zouden verliezen en dat slechts een minimaal deel verder de ruimte in zou vliegen. Er was een risico gedurende tien dagen en die periode zijn we nu voorbij”, zei de Indiase projectleider. “Onze simulaties wezen uit dat onderdelen van de satelliet onmogelijk het ISS konden raken”.
NASA-chef Jim Bridenstine veroordeelde vorige week het kapot schieten van de sonde, die veel dichter bij de aarde stond dan het ISS. Het heeft volgens hem geresulteerd in vierhonderd nieuwe stukjes ruimtepuin. Als die terugvallen in de dampkring verbranden ze snel, maar als dat niet gebeurt bestaat het risico dat ze in botsing komen met satellieten die een baan om de aarde beschrijven.
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Twee vissers werden ontvoerd door aliens zonder benen. Getuigen verbreken na 45 jaar stilte
Twee vissers werden ontvoerd door aliens zonder benen. Getuigen verbreken na 45 jaar stilte
Twee mannen uit de Amerikaanse stad Pascagoula claimen te zijn ontvoerd door aliens terwijl ze aan het vissen waren.
De mannen, Charles Hickson en Calvin Parker, zijn al vaak bekritiseerd en belachelijk gemaakt. Maar nu zijn er nog drie andere getuigen naar voren gekomen.
De drie getuigen zeggen een soort vliegend object met een fel, blauw licht te hebben gezien op het moment dat Hickson en Parker naar eigen zeggen werden meegenomen.
Blauw licht
Eén van de getuigen dacht een man in het water te zien, maar denkt nu dat het één van de aliens was.
“Het was 11 oktober 1973,” zei Parker. “Ik was die dag vrij en ging vissen met een vriend.”
“Rond zes uur ’s avonds, het was al een beetje donker aan het worden, zag ik een blauw licht en ik dacht dat het de politie was,” vervolgde hij.
Parker keek omhoog en zag dat het licht afkomstig was van een vaartuig dat hij nog nooit had gezien.
Krabscharen
“Er kwam een fel licht uit de wolken,” klonk het. “Het was een verblindend licht.”
Hij zei dat het object eruitzag als een voetbal en een doorsnee had van zo’n 24 meter. Het maakte alleen een soort sissend geluid.
Drie wezens zonder benen kwamen uit het schip tevoorschijn, zei Parker. Hun handen zagen eruit als krabscharen.
Ze werden meegenomen naar het schip en onderzocht. Vervolgens werden ze weer teruggebracht naar de rivier waar ze stonden te vissen.
Verschillende getuigen
Hickson, die in 2011 is overleden, was altijd erg uitgesproken over zijn ervaringen.
Parker distantieerde zich er lange tijd van, maar besloot er in 2018 een boek over te schrijven. Sindsdien zijn er verschillende getuigen naar buiten gekomen, waaronder Maria en Jerry Blair.
Zij zagen op de bewuste avond een blauw licht boven de rivier, dat zo’n 20 tot 25 minuten heen en weer bewoog.
Ze dachten in eerste instantie dat het een helikopter was.
Luide plons
Even later hoorden ze een luide plons, waarna ze besloten te gaan kijken. Maria dacht een persoon in de rivier te zien liggen.
“Ik dacht dat het een persoon was, maar nu denk ik dat het een alien was,” zei Maria.
“Als je er in die tijd over sprak met anderen, dachten mensen dat je gek was,” benadrukte ze.
De afgelopen 20 jaar komt het steeds vaker voor dat mensen ontmoetingen hebben met vreemd uitziende kinderen.
Kinderen die naar binnen willen en mensen een heel beangstigend gevoel geven, zelfs nog voordat men ziet dat ze pikzwarte ogen hebben.
Het fenomeen Black Eyed Kids (BEK) is iets dat regelmatig weer opduikt en ook wij hebben er eerder al ruim aandacht aan besteed.
Dit is het spookachtige verhaal van de Kinderen met de Zwarte Ogen, ook BEK genoemd (Black Eyed Kids). Overal ter wereld worden ze waargenomen, vreemde kinderen met roetzwarte ogen die aan je deur kloppen en vragen om binnengelaten te worden. Op het moment dat mensen in deze pikzwarte ogen van de kinderen staren bekruipt hen een heel vreemd gevoel; geen prettig gevoel.
Of zoals een vrouwelijke getuige het omschrijft: “Ik kreeg een gevoel van “het kwaad”, van heel erg ongelukkig zijn. Ik werd er als het ware door omringd, het was vreselijk”.
Maar, wanneer begint dit fenomeen zich nu eigenlijk voor het eerst in onze moderne tijd tonen? En dan blijkt dat helemaal niet zo gek lang geleden te zijn, want voor de allereerste melding op dit gebied moeten we terug naar het eind van de jaren negentig.
En dit eerste gerapporteerde voorval is afkomstig van een gerespecteerd journalist in Amerika genaam Brian Bethel.
Deze man woonde destijds in Abilene in de staat Texas en het verhaal begint als de man beseft dat hij vergeten is om een rekening te betalen.
Dit is dermate urgent dat hij ’s avonds rond tien uur in zijn auto stapt om persoonlijk een cheque in de bus te gooien die zich bevond bij een klein winkelcentrum.
Terwijl hij in zijn auto zat en druk is met het schrijven van een cheque, werd hij ruw opgeschrikt door een luid tikken tegen het raam aan de bestuurderskant.
Bethel keek op en zag een paar jonge knapen staan, buiten in het donker, en zo op het eerste gezicht was er niets merkwaardigs aan te ontdekken. Echter, dit duurde niet lang, want dingen werden snel vreemd.
Het begon met een onheimelijk gevoel dat Bethel kreeg dat dingen niet in orde waren. Het voelde alsof er een soort kwaadwillende wolk boven de auto was neergedaald. Zomaar, vanuit het niets.
Hij draaide dan zijn raam ook maar een klein stukje open om te vragen wat de jongens wilden.
Ze kwamen met een verhaal dat Bethel nogal ongeloofwaardig in de oren klonk en waardoor het beangstigende gevoel dat hij al had steeds sterker werd.
Ze zeiden dat ze een lift wilden naar huis zodat ze daar wat geld konden halen om naar de film te gaan. “Toe nou mijnheer, laat ons binnen”, zei één van hen.
Dat was het moment dat Bethel eindelijk de ogen van de jongens zag en nog meer schrok. De ogen waren compleet zwart, zonder dat er een iris of een pupil te zien was.
Opeens wist Bethel wat hij moest doen en dat was vol gas geven en maken dat hij weg kwam. Dat is dan ook wat hij deed en het vreemde was dat toen hij in de achteruitkijkspiegel keek er niets meer te zien was van de jongens.
Daarna zijn er talloze verhalen verschenen over BEK’s, waaronder die van een vrouw genaamd Allison in 2011.
Dit voorval vond plaats in een motel in Orange County in de staat Californië.
Het was elf uur ’s avonds toen door een luid geklop op de deur Allison zo erg schrok dat ze bijna uit haar vel sprong. Ze lag op dit moment rustig op bed naar een film te kijken.
Het toeval wil dat het een nogal beruchte film was waar ze naar keek: Rosemary’s Baby van Roman Polanski, het verhaal van een vrouw die een demonisch wezen baart.
Voorzichtig liep Allison vervolgens naar de deur en keek door het kijkgat naar buiten om te kijken wie er voor de deur stond. Ze zag twee jonge jongens met een zwarte capuchon op voor de deur staan.
Alhoewel de jongens haar niet konden zien, leek het net alsof ze voelden dat Allison bezorgd was en ze hoorde één van hen zeggen: Laat ons asjeblieft binnen, we hebben je telefoon nodig”.
En toen gebeurde er iets beangstigends: Allison kreeg een gevoel alsof een boze kracht bezit nam van haar en haar vrije wil en haar als het ware dwong om de deur open te maken.
Er was een bovenmenselijke inspanning nodig van de kant van Allison om daar niet aan toe te geven en de deur gesloten te houden. Gelukkig slaagde ze erin om het sterke gevoel dat het noodzakelijk was om de kinderen binnen te laten, te weerstaan.
Toen ze zich sterk genoeg voelde, keek ze nogmaals door het kijkgat en staarde recht in een paar gitzwarte ogen.
Ze schreeuwde, wankelde naar achteren en belde onmiddellijk de nachtmanager van het motel die spoorslags naar haar kamer kwam, alleen om te ontdekken dat er niets te zien was.
Volgens onderzoeker en auteur Nick Redfern is er een duidelijk ufo verband met betrekking tot de Black Eyed Kids en zijn er overeenkomsten met de zogenaamde Men in Black (MIB). Deze laatste hebben, net zoals de BEK’s, de gewoonte om ’s avonds laat op deuren te kloppen of aan te bellen.
Er zijn meer overeenkomsten tussen de twee. Net zoals bij de BEK’s zullen ook de MIB’s pas een huis binnen komen als ze daartoe uitgenodigd worden, niet eerder. Beiden zijn ook volledig in het zwart gekleed.
Als je een MIB ziet, is het eerste dat opvalt een grote donkere zonnebril en je kunt je afvragen of dat is om anderen te intimideren of om iets te verbergen, zoals pikzwarte ogen bijvoorbeeld.
Misschien praten we bij beiden wel over hetzelfde, de ene de kind versie en de andere de volwassen versie en dat beiden dezelfde agenda dienen, wat die dan ook moge zijn.
Een klein stukje uit een eerder artikel over de man die bekend staat als dé onderzoeker op het gebied van BEK’s, David Weatherly, en die onder andere zegt:
Ik ben mijn leven lang al geïnteresseerd geweest in paranormale zaken. Sinds de begintijd van het internet kwam ik verhalen tegen over de BEK’s. Mijn belangstelling werd pas echt gewekt nadat ik een man ontmoette die deze kinderen was tegengekomen. Zijn verhaal was zo fascinerend dat ik op zoek gegaan ben naar andere getuigen. Terwijl ik dat deed, kwam ik erachter dat er heel veel van dit soort verhalen bestaan en dat het aantal ontmoetingen met deze kinderen de laatste jaren is toegenomen. Wat voor mij dit fenomeen fascinerend maakt is dat het een aantal specifieke dingen gemeen heeft met andere paranormale aspecten zoals geesten, UFO’s en duivelse entiteiten.
Volgens Nick Redfern is de mening van Weatherly nu na al die jaren dat we wellicht slachtoffers zijn en/of worden van de Gray aliens die proberen onze wereld over te nemen door ons langzaam te doen verdwijnen en te vervangen door hybrids met buitenaards DNA. Dat zou dan betekenen dat over een langere periode gerekend, de huidige mens vervangen zou worden door het superieure DNA van de Gray aliens.
Is there an alien base under Lake Erie? A video wasrecently postedonline that shows something floating above the ice on lake Erie. The font of wisdom and rationality that is the YouTube comment section has called it every paranormal name in the book: UFO, USO, ghost ship, secret military technology, harbinger of doom. Mostly it looks like a giant floating turd. But who am I to judge the aliens’ aesthetic choices?
The video—which you can watch for yourself here —was reportedly filmed around Christmas 2018. A father and son were apparently driving through Toledo, Ohio along the shore of Lake Erie when they saw this enormous object floating above the surface. They pulled over and the father began filming. At first glance, it’s easy to write this one off as a cloud. Which is the most hilarious of all mistaken UFO sightings. When the video zooms in, however, it gets a lot less cut and dry.
Regardless of what it actually is, it does have the classic saucer shape that is associated with UFOs
First, the object looks pretty symmetrical. It looks like a classic “flying saucer” or cigar-type UFO. The color is the same across the entire object and its edges look pretty well defined, or as well defined as can be expected with a pixelated digital zoom.
Second, it appears to be reflected off the surface of the lake. The UFO is not hovering very far above the surface, perhaps 20 feet or so, and there appears to be a sheen or some sort of disturbance on the water or ice beneath.
The channel that posted the video, popular UFO channel thirdphaseofmoon, claims that this is pretty concrete evidence of USOs, Unidentified Submerged Objects. That’s absurd for one very simple reason: it’s not submerged. Whatever it is, it’s clearly in the air. There’s no evidence that it came out of the water.
The same goes for the assertions that it’s a secret navy submarine. It’s not sub-anything. It’s literally above the water.
That classic flying saucer shape is a pretty common shape for clouds as well.
So is it concrete evidence for the existence of UFOs? Come on, you know how this game works by now. If you’re after indisputable proof, you’re in for a rough time. This could easily be a hoax. I don’t know that it is, but the possibility is definitely there.
The Great Lakes do have a history of UFO sightings and high strangeness. Sightings of ghost ships have been reported on the lakes, and sightings of mothman in the region have been on the rise. So strange unidentified objects in the region is nothing new.
Yet, it’s a bit too much to claim that this video is indisputable proof of anything. For one, it could still be a cloud. The object may appear symmetrical because of the limitations of the cell phone camera, and extremely low hanging clouds do exist. It could also be much higher and farther away than it appears, with the sheen on the water giving the illusion that it’s much closer.
I will say this, though. I am 100% confident it’s not a drone.
For those debating about whether a Space Force is needed, these stories are food for thought, discussion … and perhaps concern, if not a call to action. In the space of a few day, India’s space program blew up one of its own satellites, demonstrating the ability to attack anyone’s satellites and, more ominously, sending debris upwards that endangered the crew of the International Space Station. Then, a Japanese space probe dropped a bomb on an asteroid and behind the space rock during the explosion before returning to inspect the damage and gather data. Data about the capabilities of the bomb, the mineral mining potential of the asteroid … or both? Are these signs that it’s time for closer discussions between space programs? Between governments? Or space-age military action?
“I’m talking about small debris impacts to the International Space Station, the risk went up 44 percent over a period of 10 days.”
When you’re sitting in a tin can far above the world, there’s nothing you can do about space debris except hope it bounces off and practice jumping quickly into the escape capsule, which the astronauts painfully learned recently is vulnerable to dangerous leaks caused by space debris as well. So the 44 percent risk increase NASA chief Jim Bridenstine says was caused by “Mission Shakti” – a satellite destruction test by India’s Defense Research and Development Organization — is a big cause for concern. How big? Bridenstine called Mission Shakti a “terrible, terrible thing” and “not compatible with the future of human spaceflight.” After the test, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that India is now the fourth country to successfully use military firepower in space by destroying a satellite. The test came as Modi campaigns for re-election. Coincidence? A spokesperson for the India space program said the debris would fall harmlessly back to Earth, but NASA claims that’s not the case.
If you need more to ponder, India announced it is teaming with Russia’s Roscosmos to put an Indian astronaut in space by 2022 and the country has entered an alliance with Japan in response to China’s growing space weapons program.
Speaking of Japan and space weapons …
“This is the world’s first collision experiment with an asteroid. In the future, we will examine the crater formed and how the ejector dispersed.”
The Japanese Space Agency (JAXA) announced April 4 that its Hayabusa2 spacecraft fired a “small carry-on impactor” at Ryugu, a near-Earth object and a potentially hazardous asteroid. Ryugu has already dropped two landers on Ryugu and briefly touched down on it as part of a mission to collect particles and return them to Earth to inspect for signs of organic molecules that indicate it may have once been a part of a planet that held life. Let’s hope there was none still living in what is now a human-made crater.
Explore or explode?
Does progress require destruction? While we should not be naïve enough to think that NASA and the US military are not conducting and planning similar operations themselves, must we accept what seems to be the inevitable … that space exploration will lead to space warfare? Is the purpose of the Space Force and similar forces already in place to protect us from extraterrestrials … or ourselves?
We all live on the same blue ball. Was Major Tom right? Is there nothing we can do?
On the coast of Peru, researchers discovered the well-preserved bones of an ancient four-legged whale. Approximately 43 million years ago, the whale, which looked like a mixture of a rhino and a sea otter, had a narrow head, four legs with webbed feet and hoofed toes, and a long, muscular tail. That’s definitely a lot different than the whales we’re accustomed to seeing today.
Olivier Lambert, who is a vertebrate paleontologist at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences in Brussels and is also the lead author in a study on the discovery, said that this is the first solid proof of a four-legged whale from the Pacific Ocean.
Paleontologists have been searching the barren coastal parts of Peru for over a decade and have found several ancient fossils of marine mammals. They were, however, quite shocked when they discovered a jawbone with huge teeth which made them dig even more. They eventually found the remaining bones of an ancient four-legged whale.
Lambert told Live Science, “Seeing the first hind-limb elements, the femur, the ankle bones was an extraordinary moment. We were all very excited.” Even though the old bones were broken into numerous pieces, they were still well-preserved and quite easy to find. “This made the excavation very pleasant, with bones appearing one after the other and us moving from one surprise to the other,” he stated.
The whale had fingers and toes that had small hooves, and when the fossil was put together, they noticed that the structure of its hip and limbs looked as though it was a land animal. However, its long appendages and large tail bones were comparable to an otter, meaning that it was probably a great swimmer as well. “We now know that they were still capable [of moving] on land, and in the same time, started to use their tail more predominantly for swimming,” Lambert explained.
He continued by saying, “Because this is the first record of a quadrupedal whale for the whole Pacific and the Southern Hemisphere, this find significantly increases the distribution of these early cetaceans.” The team named the four-legged whale species Perefocetuspacificus which translates to “the travelling whale that reached the Pacific.”
It was previously thought that ancient whales first left Africa and traveled to North America before migrating down to South America and other parts of the world. However, the new study indicates that the amphibious whales traveled across the South Atlantic Ocean to South America before ever going to North America and the rest of the world.
Whatever path these whales took, the discovery is highly interesting and gives us new insight on the ancient species that not only swam in oceans, but also walked on land.
It should come as no surprise that NASA is always thinking about astronaut poop/feces/urine/waste. In fact, it should please us that so much goes into what comes out of space travelers. Most people know that the residents of the International Space Station recycle liquid waste and eject the solid stuff. It’s easy to figure out that the same thing was done on previous space stations and long missions, while shorter missions merely brought it back to Earth. But what about the six missions to the moon? Vox recently looked into that can of waste and found out that not only are there 96 bags of human waste on the Moon, NASA is planning to devote part of a future mission to picking up some of it and bringing it back to Earth. Before you raise a stink about wasting money on 50-year-old stinky waste, the reasons make sense. All they need now is some astronauts who walk their dogs.
“The moon missions were engineered very carefully, and weight was a very big issue. So it made sense if you’re picking up moon rocks, you’d also want to discard things that were not necessary to increase your margin of safety.”
Andrew Schuerger, a University of Florida space life scientist, recently co-authored a paper about what was in those white jettisoned trash bags (jett bags) … and what might be in them today. Finding them will be easy – the Apollo 11 lander and everything left with it is at 0.41 ˚ N, 23.26 ˚ E, according to NASA’s Catalogue of Manmade Material on the Moon, which has the locations and inventories of the rest of the lunar junkyards. Schuerger and astrobiologists think at least some of those bags may have survived and even stayed sealed and their contents might show how bacteria and viruses may have survived in the harsh lunar vacuum … and whether they reproduced and possibly mutated.
“Microbes don’t need to have a lot of protection.”
Margaret Race, a biologist at the SETI Institute, points to the fact that microbes have been found alive and kicking at the bottom of the ocean near thermal vents and 2 miles below a Greenland glacier. That’s enough hope that NASA assigned scientist Mark Lupisella to help plan a future mission to retrieve the jett bags and study them. He’s hoping that the didn’t explode in the extreme heat. However, even if they did or if the bags were good but the bugs were dead, they’d still be worth studying.
“It’s a stretch, but it is possible we could discern whether or not these life forms might have mutated early on.”
Mutated! That’s a word you don’t want to hear when discussing bringing things back to Earth. What could possibly go wrong? Doesn’t NASA ever watch sci-fi shows or movies?
On the other hand, this is exactly what scientists need to know when planning future missions to Mars and other planets. Should waste be destroyed before it has a chance to mutate? How soon? Will astronauts be forced to wear incinerator diapers?
This raises another interesting question. If our poop can survive on other planets, are we possibly the product of alien poop left by ancient astronauts?
While you ponder that, consider that Apollo 11 was 50 years ago this year. Eight of the 17 surviving Apollo astronauts (and three of the surviving four who walked on the moon) got together in March at The Explorers Club in New York City. They were: Walter Cunningham (Apollo 7), Rusty Schweickart (Apollo 9), Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins (Apollo 11), Fred Haise (Apollo 13), Al Worden (Apollo 15), Charlie Duke (Apollo 16), and Harrison Schmitt (Apollo 17). (You can see the handsome group picture here.) The subject of pooping on the Moon probably didn’t come up at the reunion but the inimitable Buzz Aldrin heard about the poop pickup project and had this to say in a tweet:
“Well, I sure feel bad for whoever finds my bag ”
We do too. Think of what they might make if they could sell it on eBay.
On December 9, 2014, in Capilla del Monte, Argentina, a woman named Cele was on vacation near a site called the clods. She was 9 km from the chapel on the Argentine mountain when she captured with her cell phone a sphere of light following behind the car.
Although the amazing video was shot in 2014, this phenomenon is still something that is not understood.
The video comes from the well known UFO researcher Maussan and is subtitled in English.
The Most Secret Space Program Mission Ever Recorded Dcumentary
The Most Secret Space Program Mission Ever Recorded Documentary
Vesta is an asteroid that orbits the Sun, it is 300 miles in diameter, but this is no ordinary asteroid.
In August 1979 a meeting was set up between many different Extraterrestrial races, things didn’t go as planned and this meeting soon turned into a battle for Earth’ survival.
This battle would involve Earth allies, the Raptors and Earths enemies, the Reptilians. The evidence eventually leads us back to the infamous Dulce base.
The Base is a secret alien underground facility under Archuleta Mesa. Claims of alien activity there first arose from Albuquerque businessman Paul Bennewitz. This is supposedly the largest Reptilian and Grey base in America.
Tornadoes, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, floods, tsunamis, fires, all vents that are amazing and horrifying to behold. Just when you think you’ve seen it all, nature presents you with another startling phenomenon.
Imagine seeing a tornado combined with a powerful forest fire, moving stones, and waves frozen in motion! These are just a few of the most amazing mysteries of our planet…
NASA Asteroid WARNING: Planet X Nibiru Meteors and Superbolides Coming Close to Earth
NASA Asteroid WARNING: Planet X Nibiru Meteors and Superbolides Coming Close to Earth
What is an asteroid, exactly?
An asteroid is a small, rocky or metallic object orbiting the Sun. They are now usually defined as being larger than 1 meter in diameter with objects smaller than that being called meteoroids. The largest asteroid is Ceres at 965 km (600 mi) diameter. Most asteroids, including Ceres, are located in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, but some asteroids come near to or cross Earth’s orbit. There are several related terms that come up when talking about things hitting Earth, so here are some related definitions:
What is a comet?
A comet is a small, icy/dusty object orbiting the Sun. Comets formed in the outer solar system where ice is stable. Most of them spend most of their time far beyond the orbit of Neptune, and all spend most of their time beyond Jupiter. But some have orbits that bring them occasionally through the inner solar system including sometimes past Earth’s orbit. When they are in the inner solar system, their ice sublimates (goes from ice to gas), kicking off dust and forming the coma and tails they are famous for.
What is a meteoroid?
A meteoroid is a rocky or metallic object in space that is smaller than an asteroid, the boundary usually being defined as 1 meter diameter. Very tiny meteoroids, smaller than 1 gram or so are often called micrometeoroids or space dust.
What is a meteor?
A meteor is the streak of light that occurs when an object (e.g., asteroid or meteoroid) hits the Earth’s atmosphere at high speed causing the object to heat up and glow.
What is a meteorite?
If part of a meteoroid, asteroid, or comet makes it to the ground, it is called a meteorite.
How do asteroids form? Where do asteroids come from?
Asteroids are typically material left over from the period of planetary formation 4.5 billion years ago, the stuff left over that didn’t form into planets in the inner solar system. Often they are fragments of collisions between asteroids in the past.
How many near-Earth asteroids are there?
Using the cut-off for asteroid diameter of 1 meter, there are estimated to be more than half a billion near-Earth asteroids. For objects that cause major damage if they hit Earth (larger than about 30 meters), there are about a million. So far, we are approaching 20,000 found. It is easier to find larger objects, so we think we have found more than 90% of the asteroids 1 km and above, but for smaller asteroids still capable of causing major regional damage, we have only found a small percentage.
Are there any asteroids heading for Earth?
There are a few asteroids that currently are known to have a low probability of hitting Earth in tens to hundreds of years. For example, one of the highest probabilities currently is an approximately 37 meter diameter asteroid called 2000 SG344 that has a 1 in 1100 chance of impact in 2071. But these always are based on asteroid observations that have uncertainties in them. Usually, as more observations are obtained, the impact probability will drop to 0; in other words we know it won’t hit. JPL keeps an online list of all asteroids with any probability of hitting Earth. The big uncertainty is that we haven’t discovered most of near Earth asteroids yet, so we don’t know if they are on a collision course with Earth, which is why finding and tracking them is crucial.
Why do asteroids hit Earth?
Space is really empty and big, but there is also a lot of stuff out there, and Earth is a big target with big gravity, so things run into Earth or Earth runs into them.
Marshall Masters is convinced we’re already seeing the effects of Nibiru’s passage, with increased meteors and superbolides coming close to Earth, such as the damaging 2013 incident in Chelyabinsk, Russia, when an object hit the atmosphere. He believes there is a high probability for another such incident. What do you believe about Planet X?
NASA asteroid WARNING: Giant 269 foot asteroid on ‘Earth Close Approach’ A GIANT asteroid standing taller than the Leaning Tower of Pisa will dash past the Earth, NASA’s asteroid trackers have revealed.
The imposing asteroid, dubbed by NASA Asteroid 2019 AR2, will make a so-called “Earth Close Approach”. Asteroid orbit calculations predict the space rock will reach its closest distance to Earth in just a few hours. NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) expects Asteroid AR2 will swing by around 2.28pm on , April 13. The unexpected flyby comes just 10 days after the barreling space rock was first detected by NASA’s radars on April 3.
There are three other little-known asteroids on NASA’s radar which could potentially come closer than 2015 EG – 2012 KT12, 2016 NO56 and 2016 GE1 – but they’re more likely to zip by about 1 or 2 million kilometres away. While that sounds far, considering the Earth is 150 million kilometres from the sun, it’s close by galactic standards.
The uncertainty stems from the fact tiny asteroids flying through distant space are hard to track, and astronomers often have little data to work with.
Already this year there have been two close calls with previously unknown asteroids – 2019 AS5 and 2019 AE9 – the former missing by just 15,000km, about the same distance from Christchurch to Boston.
And during today’s flyby, the asteroid is estimated to dash past the Earth at breakneck speeds of more than 10,780mph (4.82km per second).
Thankfully NASA does not expect the space rock to slam into the Earth anytime soon.
Tens of thousands of asteroids hit the Earth every year, but the vast majority are small and harmlessly burn up in the atmosphere.
NASA measures an asteroid’s risk to civilisation on the Torino scale – zero means no risk at all, while 10 equals “global climatic catastrophe that may threaten the future of civilization as we know it”. It’s a combination of an asteroid’s size, speed, composition and its likelihood of hitting the planet.
Presently, there are no objects rated above a zero. The highest rating ever given was to a 350m-wide asteroid named Apophis, which was downgraded to zero in 2006 when astronomers calculated a possible 2029 impact wasn’t going to happen.
But the asteroid is large enough and will swing by close enough for NASA to pay close attention to its journey around the solar system.
HOW TO START A HIGH-PERFORMANCE HOMESTEAD FROM THE GROUND UP…
Homesteading is the only (legal) way I know of to become almost completely self-reliant from the food corporations, the utilities companies, the Government and Big Pharma… by harvesting hundreds upon hundreds of dolars of organic food year-round, and collecting thousands of gallons of crystal-clear drinking water for free…
To take back your health by growing your own groceries, and making your own food out of basic ingredients, such as cheese, bread and even chocolate to name a few…
Then you could stockpile the excess produce for dark days… (The shelf life of ingredients is longer than that of the resulting foods, anyway…) So while other preppers pay thousands for overpriced, highly-processed “emergency food”, you’ll build your survival stockpile for free…
It’ll be like having your own personal supermarket just a few feet away from you… Though not the kind that sells processed meat full of hormones and steroids, veggies full of pesticides that have absolutely no taste at all, not to mention and all the other junk full of preservatives…
For five months in mid 2017, Emily Mason did the same thing every day. Arriving to her office at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, she sat at her desk, opened up her computer, and stared at images of the Sun — all day, every day. “I probably looked through three or five years’ worth of data,” Mason estimated. Then, in October 2017, she stopped. She realized she had been looking at the wrong thing all along.
Mason’s article analyzed three observations of Raining Null-Point Topologies, or RNTPs, a previously overlooked magnetic structure shown here in two wavelengths of extreme ultraviolet light. The coronal rain observed in these comparatively small magnetic loops suggests that the corona may be heated within a far more restricted region than previously expected.
Credits: NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory/Emily Mason
Mason, a graduate student at The Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., was searching for coronal rain: giant globs of plasma, or electrified gas, that drip from the Sun’s outer atmosphere back to its surface. But she expected to find it in helmet streamers, the million-mile tall magnetic loops — named for their resemblance to a knight’s pointy helmet — that can be seen protruding from the Sun during a solar eclipse.
Computer simulations predicted the coronal rain could be found there. Observations of the solar wind, the gas escaping from the Sun and out into space, hinted that the rain might be happening. And if she could just find it, the underlying rain-making physics would have major implications for the 70-year-old mystery of why the Sun’s outer atmosphere, known as the corona, is so much hotter than its surface. But after nearly half a year of searching, Mason just couldn’t find it. “It was a lot of looking,” Mason said, “for something that never ultimately happened.”
Mason searched for coronal rain in helmet streamers like the one that appears on the left side of this image, taken during the 1994 eclipse as viewed from South America. A smaller pseudostreamer appears on the western limb (right side of image). Named for their resemblance to a knight’s pointy helmet, helmet streamers extend far into the Sun’s faint corona and are most readily seen when the light from the Sun’s bright surface is occluded.
The problem, it turned out, wasn’t what she was looking for, but where. In a paper published today in the Astrophysical Journal Letters, Mason and her coauthors describe the first observations of coronal rain in a smaller, previously overlooked kind of magnetic loop on the Sun. After a long, winding search in the wrong direction, the findings forge a new link between the anomalous heating of the corona and the source of the slow solar wind — two of the biggest mysteries facing solar science today.
How It Rains on the Sun
Coronal rain, like that shown in this movie from NASA’s SDO in 2012, is sometimes observed after solar eruptions, when the intense heating associated with a solar flare abruptly cuts off after the eruption and the remaining plasma cools and falls back to the solar surface. Mason was searching for coronal rain not associated with eruptions, but instead caused by a cyclical process of heating and cooling similar to the water cycle on Earth.
Credits: NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory/Scientific Visualization Studio/Tom Bridgman, Lead Animator
Observed through the high-resolution telescopes mounted on NASA’s SDO spacecraft, the Sun – a hot ball of plasma, teeming with magnetic field lines traced by giant, fiery loops — seems to have few physical similarities with Earth. But our home planet provides a few useful guides in parsing the Sun’s chaotic tumult: among them, rain.
On Earth, rain is just one part of the larger water cycle, an endless tug-of-war between the push of heat and pull of gravity. It begins when liquid water, pooled on the planet’s surface in oceans, lakes, or streams, is heated by the Sun. Some of it evaporates and rises into the atmosphere, where it cools and condenses into clouds. Eventually, those clouds become heavy enough that gravity’s pull becomes irresistible and the water falls back to Earth as rain, before the process starts anew.
On the Sun, Mason said, coronal rain works similarly, “but instead of 60-degree water you’re dealing with a million-degree plasma.” Plasma, an electrically-charged gas, doesn’t pool like water, but instead traces the magnetic loops that emerge from the Sun’s surface like a rollercoaster on tracks. At the loop’s foot points, where it attaches to the Sun’s surface, the plasma is superheated from a few thousand to over 1.8 million degrees Fahrenheit. It then expands up the loop and gathers at its peak, far from the heat source. As the plasma cools, it condenses and gravity lures it down the loop’s legs as coronal rain.
Mason was looking for coronal rain in helmet streamers, but her motivation for looking there had more to do with this underlying heating and cooling cycle than the rain itself. Since at least the mid-1990s, scientists have known that helmet streamers are one source of the slow solar wind, a comparatively slow, dense stream of gas that escapes the Sun separately from its fast-moving counterpart. But measurements of the slow solar wind gas revealed that it had once been heated to an extreme degree before cooling and escaping the Sun. The cyclical process of heating and cooling behind coronal rain, if it was happening inside the helmet streamers, would be one piece of the puzzle.
The other reason connects to the coronal heating problem — the mystery of how and why the Sun’s outer atmosphere is some 300 times hotter than its surface. Strikingly, simulations have shown that coronal rain only forms when heat is applied to the very bottom of the loop. “If a loop has coronal rain on it, that means that the bottom 10% of it, or less, is where coronal heating is happening,” said Mason. Raining loops provide a measuring rod, a cutoff point to determine where the corona gets heated. Starting their search in the largest loops they could find — giant helmet streamers — seemed like a modest goal, and one that would maximize their chances of success.
She had the best data for the job: Images taken by NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory, or SDO, a spacecraft that has photographed the Sun every twelve seconds since its launch in 2010. But nearly half a year into the search, Mason still hadn’t observed a single drop of rain in a helmet streamer. She had, however, noticed a slew of tiny magnetic structures, ones she wasn’t familiar with. “They were really bright and they kept drawing my eye,” said Mason. “When I finally took a look at them, sure enough they had tens of hours of rain at a time.”
At first, Mason was so focused on her helmet streamer quest that she made nothing of the observations. “She came to group meeting and said, ‘I never found it — I see it all the time in these other structures, but they’re not helmet streamers,’” said Nicholeen Viall, a solar scientist at Goddard, and a coauthor of the paper. “And I said, ‘Wait…hold on. Where do you see it? I don’t think anybody’s ever seen that before!’”
A Measuring Rod for Heating
These structures differed from helmet streamers in several ways. But the most striking thing about them was their size.
“These loops were much smaller than what we were looking for,” said Spiro Antiochos, who is also a solar physicist at Goddard and a coauthor of the paper. “So that tells you that the heating of the corona is much more localized than we were thinking.”
While the findings don’t say exactly how the corona is heated, “they do push down the floor of where coronal heating could happen,” said Mason. She had found raining loops that were some 30,000 miles high, a mere two percent the height of some of the helmet streamers she was originally looking for. And the rain condenses the region where the key coronal heating can be happening. “We still don’t know exactly what’s heating the corona, but we know it has to happen in this layer,” said Mason.
A New Source for the Slow Solar Wind
But one part of the observations didn’t jibe with previous theories. According to the current understanding, coronal rain only forms on closed loops, where the plasma can gather and cool without any means of escape. But as Mason sifted through the data, she found cases where rain was forming on open magnetic field lines. Anchored to the Sun at only one end, the other end of these open field lines fed out into space, and plasma there could escape into the solar wind. To explain the anomaly, Mason and the team developed an alternative explanation — one that connected rain on these tiny magnetic structures to the origins of the slow solar wind.
In the new explanation, the raining plasma begins its journey on a closed loop, but switches — through a process known as magnetic reconnection — to an open one. The phenomenon happens frequently on the Sun, when a closed loop bumps into an open field line and the system rewires itself. Suddenly, the superheated plasma on the closed loop finds itself on an open field line, like a train that has switched tracks. Some of that plasma will rapidly expand, cool down, and fall back to the Sun as coronal rain. But other parts of it will escape – forming, they suspect, one part of the slow solar wind.
Mason is currently working on a computer simulation of the new explanation, but she also hopes that soon-to-come observational evidence may confirm it. Now that Parker Solar Probe, launched in 2018, is traveling closer to the Sun than any spacecraft before it, it can fly through bursts of slow solar wind that can be traced back to the Sun — potentially, to one of Mason’s coronal rain events. After observing coronal rain on an open field line, the outgoing plasma, escaping to the solar wind, would normally be lost to posterity. But no longer. “Potentially we can make that connection with Parker Solar Probe and say, that was it,” said Viall.
Digging Through the Data
As for finding coronal rain in helmet streamers? The search continues. The simulations are clear: the rain should be there. “Maybe it’s so small you can’t see it?” said Antiochos. “We really don’t know.”
But then again, if Mason had found what she was looking for she might not have made the discovery — or have spent all that time learning the ins and outs of solar data.
“It sounds like a slog, but honestly it’s my favorite thing,” said Mason. “I mean that’s why we built something that takes that many images of the Sun: So we can look at them and figure it out.”
An person walked out onto their patio and expected to see the aurora borealis, but instead caught sight of a UFO fleet coming in for a landing as they entered an underground base. First the eyewitness sees four giant glowing green orbs. These then create four mini green glowing UFOs below them. The it continues until only a wavy orange line can be seen heading to the ground. This is not a typical alien visit to an underground base that we are seeing here. What you see is an important delegation party of representatives of high status in their culture...very possibly of royal blood. This is a traditional landing meant to say very important people are on their way to your base. The message is not meant for us, but for those aliens already in the underground base. This is extraordinary, but my first UFO sighting I ever witnessed were similar balls of light in the skies over Rapids City, South Dakota back in 1989. But this new sighting is clearly more significant due to the ritual dance that the UFOs use as they deliver the important people to the base below. We should be honored to see such a thing in our lifetime. Now the important question thats on everyones minds...why would an alien of such importance and power come to Earth? I would guess that they have some serious matters to attend to regarding our planet or humanities future. Scott C. Waring
A new type of airplane wing assembled like a jigsaw puzzle could make for lighter, more efficient aircraft.
NASA and Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers tested the wing design in a NASA wind tunnel, where the technology performed better than expected, Benjamin Jenett, one of the wing's developers and a graduate student at MIT, said in a statement. The new wing is light and flexible, able to adjust its shape midflight depending on the needs of the pilot.
Conventional airplane wings are made of metal and composite materials, so they're fairly heavy. They also involve moving parts, like the flaps and ailerons you might watch tilting up and down if you get an overwing seat on a cross-country flight.
The new wing is made of thousands of little triangular struts, each made of matchstick-sized polymer pieces. The team manufactured the struts from a polyethylene resin injected into a mold. The lattice of struts was then assembled by hand into a 16.4-foot-long (5 meters) wing, which is about as big as a wing on a single-seater airplane.
The morphing wing is made of thousands of tiny triangular struts that have different levels of stiffness. By strategically placing these stiff and flexible struts, researchers made a wing that changes shape in response to stress.
The lattice-like wing is covered with a thin sheet of polymer and has a density of just 3.8 lbs. per cubic foot (5.6 kilograms per cubic meter).
But lightness isn't the only advantage of the new wing design. It's also flexible. By strategically placing stiff and flexible components in the lattice pattern, the researchers can build a wing that changes shape in response to the stresses around it. Instead of having to lift a flap or move an aileron, a pilot could simple maneuver the plane, and the wing would change shape automatically.
"We're able to gain efficiency by matching the shape to the loads at different angles of attack," study leader Nicholas Cramer, a research computer scientist at NASA Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California, said in the statement. "We're able to produce the exact same behavior you would do actively, but we did it passively."
A view of the far side of the moon, with Earth in the background, captured by the Beresheet lander during its lunar orbital insertion on April 4, 2019.
Israel's Beresheet lander finally concluded a long, spiraling journey out of Earth's orbit andinto the moon's, and the SpaceIL team celebrated by releasing stunning photographs the spacecraft captured of the far side of the moon.
The spacecraft successfully entered lunar orbit yesterday (April 4) in preparation for landing on April 11. The occasion makes Israel the seventh nation to build a spacecraft that has successfully orbited the moon.
SpaceIL didn't provide many details about the photographs themselves, but did note that the image of the lunar surface was taken from about 292 miles (470 kilometers) above the moon.
The successful orbital insertion after a 6-minute engine burn marks the end of a six-week series of ever-expanding loops around Earth, a path designed to accommodate Beresheet's piggyback launch with another satellite.
From here, the spacecraft will spend another week orbiting the moon before touching down on its surface. If all goes smoothly, April 11 will see it touch down softly near Mare Serenitatis. Once it lands, Beresheet will work for just two or three Earth days, since its science goals are quite limited.
A view of the far side of the moon captured by the Beresheet lander during its lunar orbital insertion on April 4, 2019.
The spacecraft's landing site is on the near side of the moon, but these first two images released by the SpaceIL team star the far side of the moon. However, landing there is a much more complicated endeavor, since it requires a communications relay satellite to ensure the lander can still send data back to Earth.
That's the approach being taken by China during its ongoing Chang'e 4 mission, which landed Jan. 2. And the pair of lunar robots may have still more company, as India seeks to launch its own moon lander mission, Chandrayaan-2, later this year.
FULL METAL ASTEROID Long ago, molten iron could have erupted from the metal asteroid Psyche (illustrated in cross section) in a process dubbed ferrovolcanism, new studies suggest.
ELENA HARTLEY
Imagine a metal asteroid spewing molten iron, and you’ve got the gist of ferrovolcanism — a new type of planetary activity proposed recently by two research teams.
When NASA launches a probe to a metal asteroid called Psyche in 2022, planetary scientists will be able to search for signs of such volcanic activity in the object’s past. The new research “is the first time anyone has worked out what volcanism is likely to look like on these asteroids,” says planetary scientist Jacob Abrahams of the University of California, Santa Cruz.
Metal asteroids are thought to be the exposed iron-rich cores of planetesimals that suffered a catastrophic collision as the solar system was developing, before they could grow into full-sized planets. The naked core would have been exposed to cold space while still molten. And it would have cooled and solidified from the outside in, forming a solid iron crust that would be denser than the underlying molten iron, say Abrahams and planetary scientist Francis Nimmo, also of the University of California, Santa Cruz.
That kind of density mismatch is part of what can create volcanoes on Earth — lighter, more buoyant material rising up through cracks in the crust — and could have led to iron-spewing volcanoes on metal asteroids as the objects cooled long ago, the researchers speculate.
Another way that ferrovolcanism could have occurred on metal asteroids was described by planetary scientist Brandon Johnson of Brown University in Providence, R.I. If a cooling iron core also contained a little bit of rock and sulfur, he theorizes, the core could have been cocooned beneath a rocky, not iron, crust. As the core cooled further, pockets of iron-rich liquid with extra sulfur dissolved in them would have hardened more slowly than surrounding materials. Those pockets would be more buoyant than the rock above them, so they’d force their way up and out, Johnson says.
If Psyche has such a rocky veneer over iron, that could explain why the asteroid appears much less dense than expected, Johnson says. The two groups, which worked independently from one another, presented their ideas March 21 at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in The Woodlands, Texas.
“We kept thinking, ‘It’s too wild, it can’t be right,’ ” says Johnson, of the idea of ferrovolcanism. “But we couldn’t prove to ourselves that it wouldn’t work. Because another group came up with the same idea at the same time, it can’t be too wild.”
The Psyche spacecraft can look for signs of past ferrovolcanism when it arrives at the eponymous asteroid, located in the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, in 2026, says mission principal investigator and planetary scientist Lindy Elkins-Tanton.
What’s more, if Psyche were rotating while it cooled, its molten core could have generated a magnetic field. Volcanic flows that cooled on the asteroid’s surface would have recorded evidence of that magnetic field. “We might actually be able to see these things,” says Elkins-Tanton, of Arizona State University in Tempe. “I think it’s really cool.”
B.C. Johnson, M.M. Sori and A.J. Evans. Ferrovolcanism, pallasites, and Psyche. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, The Woodlands, Texas, March 21, 2019.
Susan Manewech describes her experience with extraterrestrial or extradimensional beings as a child and how they tested her to find out what her empathy levels were.
Reflect On:
How does the reality of ET life or life beyond human beings change your understanding of our reality? How much have you looked into the credible studies and accounts surrounding this field of research?
Whether it’s a Princeton physics professor like Dr. Brian O’Leary telling the world that “there is abundant evidence that we are being contacted,” or Victor Marchetti, former special assistant to the Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, stating that “we have, indeed, been contacted — perhaps even visited — by extraterrestrial beings,” (Second Look, Volume 1, No 7, Washington, DC , May, 1979) the fact that we are being and have been visited by intelligent beings from other worlds and dimensions is no longer taboo. This comes as a result of the collective, innate yearning to search for information on the topic as well as the thousands of credible testimonies from high-ranking military figures, astronauts, scientists, and others who have been in the position to ‘know.’
The existence of UFOs has been verified thanks to video footage, photos, electrooptical data (like radar trackings), government documents, and the testimonies from a number of government officials and people around the world, all of which compliment the following testimony. Personally, my three favourite pictures come from the L.A. Times in 1942, the Canadian Air Force in 1956, and from longtime NASA scientist, Norman Bergrun, who disclosed a picture taken by Voyager in 1980. There are many to choose from.
Although the UFO phenomenon is no longer taboo, the topic of ET contact and the idea that many people on Earth have experienced it still is, and there is little effort being done regarding mainstream UFO disclosure. Louis Elizondo, the former Pentagon official who exposed one of the Pentagon’s UFO tracking programs (AATIP),along with other members of the intelligence community and Tom Delonge, have stated that they’ve purposely stayed away from the ‘extraterrestrial question’ and who is behind the wheel of these crafts because it’s such a controversial subject.
It’s time to start talking about that. For years, governments have been desperate to find out more information, and there is a good chance that the citizenry might have more knowledge than our governments. After all, when have governments ever been fully trusted by the people? Paul Hellyer, former Canadian defence minister,once said that their protocol is to shoot first and ask questions later. There are also documents that clearly show how desperate they are to get their hands on these technologies and figure out how they work. You can access those and read more about it here.
As far as abductees go, many people are forcefully taken, and others are not. The ones who are not forcefully removed from their surroundings are commonly referred to as ‘contactees’ within the UFO community. Many abductees have been hypnotically regressed because they cannot remember their experiences. Not long ago, I wrote an article about David Jacobs, a retired university professor, and Young-Hae Chi, a professor from the University of Oxford, who have both hypnotically regressed people claiming to have had ET abduction experiences. You can read that article here. Thousands of people all share similar stories, and the consistencies of these experiences, according to them and many others, is “mind-boggling,” as Jacobs said.
The gist from these encounters, overall, is the idea that our planet needs change. That we have to start taking care of our environment, and that some extraterrestrial groups might be concerned with the overall wellbeing of the human race and planet Earth. It’s a comforting thought, but not all researchers in the field share the same sentiment, although most do based on my research. Delores Cannon is another individual who has been hypnotically regressing people for years, and she’s shared that many souls have come here to help change the world.
Susan Manewech, President of the New Energy Movement, a group that is trying to facilitate positive and necessary change on Earth, is one of thousands of contactees. She is, I would say, an ‘abductee.’ She was taken from her environment and placed on board what seemed to be an extraterrestrial or extradimensional craft.
In an interview we conducted with her on CETV, she described one experience at the age of five years old, something her sister vaguely remembers even though she was in the room with her. It was approximately 2:30 in the morning, and there was a ‘ship’ outside their house. They were awe struck, and it’s something Susan felt that she intuitively already knew would happen, as if she was waiting for them.
In a previous article, I share how she remembers what happened prior to birth and incarnating into the womb, explaining that each human has a soul and our souls came here for different reasons. This is an interesting belief, which has been expressed for thousands of years. Why don’t we all remember? Well, Socrates preached that, although our soul has knowledge prior to birth, once it incarnates into the body it forgets (Meno). Susan remembers, and so do many other children who can actually remember their past lives.
She goes on to explain how she remembers moving through the wall, levitating, and being taken onto the ship. She was excited to reconnect to those she knew before she was born. She explains how “it’s part of the process, it’s part of the to-do being here,” and she says there was testing that was done. She remembers some sort of testing on her central nervous system to measure her empathy. They were examining her and the being next to her, but the other being was distraught and they wanted to see if they could feel what that other being was feeling.
Below is a brief clip from the interview of her describing what they looked like. As mentioned this is just a piece of a 71 minute interview where Susan goes into her entire experience as well as exploring the extensive research published on the topic. You can watch the full interview here.
The Takeaway
With UFOs, it took some time for the topic to exit the taboo area and receive more attention. Sure, there are powerful people with interests that are threatened by the UFO subject. Secrecy is kept for multiple reasons, and one of them is the fact that open disclosure of UFOs means open disclosure of its technology and how that would negatively affectour oil-based economy. The idea that extraterrestrials are behind the wheel also threatens a lot of control structures and human belief systems that hold us back from moving forward together as a human race. We still have a long way to go, but it’s time to start asking the deeper questions now as we once did with UFOs. But this time, we need to figure out who is behind the wheel, why they’re here, and what their intentions are. There is no better way to do that than to give an ear to people who are coming out and sharing their stories.
This particular encounter is very interesting, because empathy, thinking about others, caring for others is a vital and key component of love, which will transform our world.
David Huggins, an artist from New Jersey has been painting his encounters he's had extraterrestrials since childhood. The more he paints, the more he remembers. He is one of thousands who have had and been having contact experiences.
Reflect On:
With the existence of UFOS now being inarguable, and hundreds if not thousands of credible witness testimonies, is it not time to go beyond mere UFOs and start examining who is behind the wheel, and what their intentions are?
David Huggins, a man from New Jersey, is one of thousands of documented abductees who have come forward to share their story. The most fascinating aspect of extraterrestrial abductees is the fact that all of them share practically the exact same story, the same description of the beings involved, and similar experiences during the abduction coupled with telepathic messages.
How do we know this? Well, there are a handful of professionals on the planet who have hypnotically regressed people who claimed to have had these experiences. Two of the most prominent in the field are Dr. David Jacobs, a retired university professor and historian from Temple University, and Young-Hae Chi from the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. Others are the late great Dr. John Mack, a psychologist from Harvard University, and Bud Hopkins. Together, along with others, they have talked to and also regressed thousands of individuals claiming to be abductees.
“Yes, it’s both. It’s both literally, physically happening to a degree; and it’s also some kind of psychological, spiritual experience occurring and originating perhaps in another dimension. And so the phenomenon stretches us, or it asks us to stretch to open to realities that are not simply the literal physical world, but to extend to the possibility that there are other unseen realities from which our consciousness, our, if you will, learning processes over the past several hundred years have closed us off.”
Dr. Jacobs also makes a great point: The “consistency is mind-boggling” with regards to the stories these abductees shared. There are thousands of them all over the world who, again, share practically the exact same stories. How is this possible?
Now, let us suppose it is not happening, all those things still remain, and yet it’s not happening, there is no such thing as the abduction phenomenon. If that is the case, we have found the most important thing ever in the history of neurology, brain function, cognition… all these people are saying the same thing at their risk, this is not going to bring applause to them, that they say they’ve been abducted by aliens from outer space. High functioning people say this knowing full well it could destroy their careers, and they say this around the world… And it’s not happening then what?
Before we go any further, it’s important to mention that there are multiple types of alleged extraterrestrial contact. Some people have been taken against their will, like abductees, others simply have contact experiences through non-forced encounters or some type of telepathic communication. Overall, the general consensus behind why people are being contactedseems to be that they’re concerned for our planet and the direction we’re headed, although not all researchers agree. This narrative comes from experiences, for example, like the 60 school children in Zimbabwe who had an encounter, which was one Mack was heavily involved in investigating. Multiple children received telepathic messages regarding the care-taking and well-being of our planet. You can read more about that here. Not only that, but this narrative also comes from multiple credible ‘insiders’ with very interesting backgrounds.
Colonel Ross Dedrickson is one of many examples of ‘credible’ sources I’ve used in the past. He was assigned to the US Atomic Energy Commission and was in service there between 1950-1958, making him privy to some very sensitive information. He eventually decided to go public and tell the world that the “preservation of the planet is their main concern.” He did so in this interview with Dr. Steven Greer.
Young-Hae Chi believes there is great concern among the extraterrestrials and abductees with regards to the way we are treating our environment, and Dr. Jacobs believes the opposite: that there might be some sort of ‘take over’ sinister type of agenda, and he uses that as an explanation for the supposed hybrid program. You can watch their talks and find more information on their perspectives on this phenomenon in this article. Both have regressed thousands of people, who again shared practically the exact same stories.
One of Many Examples: David Huggins
David Huggins is an abductee who has been experiencing abductions since he was eight years old. In one encounter, as described in a documentary about him called Love and Saucers, he describes walking through the forest near his home when an extraterrestrial woman appeared and seduced him. He goes on to describe multiple instances of sex between himself and the alleged female human/alien hybrid beings, and he also claims that he lost his virginity to an extraterrestrial at the age of 17.
As a young boy growing up in rural Georgia, he was abducted multiple times, and the contacts continued for several decades, which according to him resulted in the birth of more than sixty hybrid children.
There are multiple theories based on abductees’ testimonies and the research that’s been conducted thus far. One common theme seems to be an alien/human hybridization program. Many abductees claim to have been subjected to strange procedures, from having their sperm or eggs extracted from their bodies to forced orgasms to having sex with extraterrestrials. Others report being forced to breed with human-like extraterrestrials.
Many women who are abducted and subjected to these procedures become pregnant shortly after they’re returned, and during their pregnancies they often experience another abduction event where they are returned without their fetuses inside of them. After this, the next abduction usually occurs years later, which often involves the abductee enduring a ‘meet and greet’ with their hybrid child or children. They spend time together aboard the craft and are observed during this type of activity by the extraterrestrials.
“This is extremely common for women, women have these experiences all the time.”
“I am sitting under a tree, and I hear this voice say, ‘David, behind you.’ And I turned around and there is this little hairy guy with large glowing eyes coming straight towards me. I thought it was the bogeyman. I didn’t know what to think of it,” he says in the film. Another day, an “insect-like being” that reminded Huggins of a praying mantis appeared. “I was very terrified,” he says. “It was like, ‘What in the world am I looking at?’ And for an eight-year-old, you don’t know what to think.”
Once the shock wore off, Huggins says his encounters were weird, but not all that threatening. When he left Georgia in the mid 60s for art school in New York City, the beings followed. Nocturnal visits from Crescent, the ET who deflowered him, became routine. “My relationship with Crescent was warm and friendly. A little strange. What do I mean, a little. Very strange. She was my girlfriend, really,” Huggins says in the film. “A very unconventional relationship,” he adds.
David along with thousands of other abductees share experiences with little ‘Gray’ aliens who have taken them.
Along with these ones, it’s very common in the lore of abductees to also experience encounters with Mantis type beings, alien/human hybrid type beings, reptilian type beings, and tall white humanoid extraterrestrial type beings. These seem to be the most common, but there are also stories from very credible sources of extraterrestrials that pretty much look exactly like human beings as well as human-looking extraterrestrials who range from the 8-12 feet tall. (See some examples here and here.) It appears all of these different types of beings, at least during the abduction experiences, are all aboard the same craft while the abductions are taking place. This is also what David experienced.
Filmmaker Brad Abrahams tracked Huggins down in Hoboken, New Jersey where he lives now. Abrahams heard Huggins’ story on a podcast about UFOs and paranormal phenomena.
Huggins said his paintings were a form of release.
“He was able to sleep for the first time in weeks. And since then, he has painted every single detail of every encounter. A hundred-something paintings. It is art therapy. I don’t know if that’s how David would describe it, but that was a big part of what I wanted to show, too. Once he found a way to show the rest of the world, or even just himself, [what happened] visually through art, he was able to process, make sense of, and come to peace with whatever it was that happened to him.” (source)
Corey Armpriester from The Artblog conducted a fascinating interview with Huggins, which provides greater insight into his experience.
“Condemnation without investigation is its own form of insanity. I’m writing this piece not to give the impression that I know David is telling the truth, because I don’t know; I’m on the fence about all of this. I celebrate the world of ideas no matter how far out some of them may seem. Even if this is a made-up story from the mind of a delusional man, the power of the idea remains the same. Ideas are essential to the curious mind, and we as artists need not fear the ideas of other artists no matter how alien they sound. If David is indeed “crazy” he’s in good company. Unusual ideas are almost always perceived as odd or askew until the common mind can make use of it. And as we all know artists are anything but common; and that’s why I love talking with them and sharing our conversations with you, the reader.”
I am not sure if Armpriester is aware that Huggins story correlates with several thousands of other people all over the globe.
Another interesting encounter painted by Huggins below is with another human-looking extraterrestrial he met when he was a boy. There seems to be multiple races involved in the abduction phenomenon described here. Abductees often report seeing all of them aboard the same craft, serving different purposes.
Some of these experiences are terrifying, but according to Huggins, there is no malevolent will.
Below are a few questions asked by Armpriester to Huggins, and you can read the full set of questions and answers here.
How have your parents dealt with your ET experiences?
As a kid I would see one of the beings and I would run to the house and say “Hey mom and dad, there is something out at the barn or something behind the house.” And they would say “Quit making things up, there is nothing there.” One time I did it and it was too much — I got a whipping really good. The next day I went behind the house and there is the woman [Crescent] with a few Grays and one Insect-Being and I remember telling the woman “My momma and daddy don’t believe me that I see you and I got a whipping.” As soon as I said that, I knew she [Crescent] didn’t like that. She looked at me and said, “Then don’t tell them.” After that, I never said a word.
Do you have absolute trust in these beings?
Yeah, they have helped me in a lot of ways.
How?
Well they saved my life a couple of times. There was the incident with the snake under the tool shed; there was another incident were I nearly drowned. I’m looking at this person while I’m drowning and I hear this voice say “Let him live.” And just as they said that my toe catches hold of a root and I’m able to pull myself to shore.
How are the ETs organized?
There are the Grays; then there is Crescent; then there is a guy, very tall and angular, very thin, and he has a hair bun on the back of his head. He has red eyes and he communicates with the insect beings; so does Crescent.
Are you in contact with them today?
Oh yes.
When was your last encounter with them?
Maybe about a month ago.
Are you in your physical body during these encounters or are you out of body?
It’s a combinations of all those. Sometimes they come and just take me. I know I’ve had a lot of the out of the body experiences. There are times when I’m with them — I feel like I’m in a human body, but a much younger body.
Do you feel violated — do you have a say in what they do to you?
It was up to me. The Little Hairy Guy came to my room one time and asked “David can we use your body?” and I said “Yes, you can use it as much as you like.” He seemed very happy by my response and he left the room, just kind of vanished.
Was that before the sexual encounters?
That was after. I was like, “Hey man, why are you asking now?”
Do they confirm to the law of free will?
There is free will.
Is there a male equivalent to Crescent?
I can’t say. I have seen a lot of males. I have no idea. There does seem to be a faint memory of other males but I don’t remember too much.
Why do you think you were chosen?
Good question, I don’t know.
The Takeaway
One of the biggest mouthpieces for “the establishment,” The New York Times, admitted something that the establishment, or facets of it, have been concealing for years: UFOs are real. The Times broke the story about a secret Pentagon program, but any UFO researcher knows these programs are more in-depth, expensive, and expansive than anything that’s been described in mainstream media.
Christopher Mellon, the former United States Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Intelligence, wrote an article for the Washington Post,sharing his frustrations about the fact that we now have observed phenomena, officially verified to be real with actual electrooptical data and radar tracking, yet the government pays very little attention to it. They’ve also stressed that, as many other governments have, these are not isolated incidents and they occur all the time.
The point is that UFOs for which the extraterrestrial hypothesis is plausible are without a doubt real. Perhaps it’s time to listen to these people who are coming forward and telling their stories. They have nothing to gain by doing so except ridicule.
Mainstream UFO disclosure, however, could be used for ulterior motives, just like false-flag terrorism is. You can read more about that here. That being said, the extraterrestrial hypothesis itself, without the spin of mainstream media and the global elite, is a very real possibility.
“We have, indeed, been contacted — perhaps even visited — by extraterrestrial beings, and the US government, in collusion with the other national powers of the Earth, is determined to keep this information from the general public.”
-Victor Marchetti (Second Look, Volume 1, No 7, Washington, DC, May, 1979)
Robert Bigelow, founder of the Bigelow Aerospace Corporation, lets the world know that he has knowledge that we are not alone, and that we are currently being visited by intelligent extraterrestrials. You can review his comments here.
“Decades ago, visitors from other planets warned us about where we were headed and offered to help. But instead, we, or at least some of us, interpreted their visits as a threat, and decided to shoot first and ask questions after.”
There are thousands of credible people who support the extraterrestrial hypothesis.
It’s time to stop ridiculing and to start listening and exploring. This is perhaps the greatest story in human history, it leaves no aspect of humanity untouched.
A huge mountainous ridge measuring up to 20 kilometres tall, twice the size of Everest, and approximately 200 kilometres thick can be seen running exactly along the equator of Ipateaus for well over three-quarters of the moon's entire circumference.
Reflect On:
Why do so many employees from space programs and researchers believe that our solar system is full of artificially made structures? This should no longer be taboo.
Our solar system is fascinating, to say the least, and there is still so much we don’t know about it. What makes one even more curious is knowing the organizations and people who operate at the highest levels of ‘security clearances’ probably know a whole lot more. That being said, if you’re independently curious, there are more than enough resources available to satisfy your curiosity, you will find a way to investigate. At the very least you could get access to the best telescope you have and stare at the other planets, our Moon, and the Moons of other planets.
Perhaps the best thing to do is simply sift through the literature and you will find no shortage of strange anomalies that have been discovered in space -there’s truly no shortage. It’s also likely you will come across the tremendous amounts of controversy that come with these discoveries as well. Strange findings have been subject to ridicule within the mainstream, but that hasn’t stopped hundreds, if not thousands, of researchers and insiders from all backgrounds from continuing their study and education.
The Face On Mars Example
The Face on Mars is a good example of anomalies and ridicule. It has been the subject of several published papers that clearly show a high chance of artificial construction. Carl Sagan was even accused by his colleague, physicist and NASA astronaut Dr. Brian O’Leary for covering up the fact that ‘they’ knew the Face on Mars was artificial.
Today, it’s a much different story, and it appears that there is no doubt that life once flourished on Mars prior to the massive climate shift which occurred there that made it what it is today. Not many people know that Mars was once very Earth-like, with vast oceans, mountain ranges and greenery. Little did we know that there may have been a very intelligent civilization there, and still might be, perhaps within in.
A paper published in the Jornal Scientific Exploration was one of the latest to examine the Cydonia region on Mars. As the authors point out, “it validates the earlier measurements obtained using the lower resolution NASA Viking images, which hinted strongly at artificial surface interventions.” The key word there is artificial surface interventions. There are pyramids and faces on Mars, similar and in some cases, larger than those found here on planet Earth. I’ve written about that in detail, providing numerous sources that can be found in the articles linked below.
Then we have the Moon, which has also been the subject of recent peer-reviewed research. On more than one occasion, researchers have found what appears to be strange, and large, artificial structures on the back side of the Moon, the side we can never see unless we send probes and astronauts around it. To compliment all of the information regarding the Moon, we have statements from a number of credible sources in the form of witness testimony, from high ranking intelligence and military people etc. It’s safe to say that something strange is happening on the Moon. I do believe we went there, but I also believe what we were shown and told was heavily sanitized. Let’s not forget about Buzz Aldrin being so outspoken about a “Monolyth on the (one of the) moon of Mars.”
You can read more in detail about that in the articles linked below.
Which brings me to the topic of this article, Iapetus, one of Saturn’s moons. What’s unique about it is the fact that it has what appears to be a huge mountainous ridge that measures up to 20 kilometres tall, twice the size of Everest, and approximately 200 kilometres thick. It can be seen running exactly along the equator for well over three-quarters of the moon’s entire circumference, but it’s safe to assume around the entire planet. It was discovered in 2004, early in the Cassini mission.
First, let me set the stage. Iapetus is bizarre in a lot of ways. It has a yin-yang surface of dark and bright material. It is unexpectedly flat pole-to-pole. It seems to have an excessive number of large impact basins. And it has a mountainous ridge, up to 20 kilometres tall, running exactly along its equator for well over three-quarters of its entire circumference. The existence of this ridge was revealed very early in the Cassini mission, in an encounter at the end of 2004. – Jim Mars, Our Occulted History
The ‘ridge’ on Iapetus.
A number of prominent researchers and scientists have hypothesized that our own Moon is artificial in nature (read more about that in the links provided above), as so they have done with other Moons, like Iapetus. That being said, we don’t hear much about these theories & the credibility of the people behind them. They’re completely ignored by the mainstream simply because they don’t fit within the mainstream narrative which is nothing more than a theory in itself.
When talking about Saturn in general, Norman Bergrun comes to mind. Dr. Bergrun has worked for Ames Research Laboratory, NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics), and Lockheed Missiles and Space Company, now known as Lockheed Martin. He then went on to found Bergrun Engineering and Research. You can view some of his publications for NASA, where he worked for more than a decade, here.He states that something extraterrestrial could be creating the rings of Saturn in an interesting interview with Project Camelot.
In the interview, he also reveals images he has seen regarding the Moon landings and an extraterrestrial presence. He referred to them as tall black people, very dark.
Moving back to Iapetus, Jim Mars points out in his Our Occulted History that it’s one of the moons of Saturn that’s considered by many researchers to be artificial. He writes:
Iapetus the planet’s thrid largest moon, has puzzled researchers since its discovery by Italian astronomer Giovaccini Domenico Cassini in 1671. Like our own moon, Iapetus is in a near perfect circular orbit and one side always faces its planetary host. But even more pubblin are suare and hexagonal ctaters that, according to one former NASA employee, appear to be gigantic artifical plantes holding the moon together, maaking Iapetus resemble nothing so much as the Death Star in George Lucas’s film Star Wars.
The point is, no one can adequately explain this huge, and what appears to be the tallest mountain range in our entire Solar System, as far as we know. It’s impossible to hypothesize exactly how it was formed and why it’s confined, exactly, to the equator. The cause of the moon’s unusual inclined orbital plane is also completely unknown. This is the common theme you will find among planetary scientists regarding these pictures.
Here’s what Bergrun published about Ipateus in his Ringmakers of Saturn.
You can go on to read more here. He was adamant late in his life about getting the truth out regarding extraterrestrial ‘things’ happening around Saturn and its moons.
Authors Tobias Owen and Donald Goldsmith hypothesized that “The unusual moon is the only object in the solar system which we might seriously regard as an alien signpost…a natural object deliberately modified by an advanced civilization to attract our attention.”
The same has been hypothesized, again, about our own Moon as Carl Sagan once pointed out:
It is not out of the question that artifacts of these visits still exist, or even that some kind of base is maintained (possibly automatically) within the solar system to provide continuity for successive expeditions. Because of weathering and the possibility of detection and interference by the inhabitants of the Earth, it would be preferable not to erect such a base on the Earth’s surface. The Moon seems one reasonable alternative. Forthcoming high resolution photographic reconnaissance of the Moon from space vehicles – particularly of the back side – might bear these possibilities in mind. (source)
The Deputy Manager for the 95 Clementine Mission to the Moon said it was really a reconnaissance mission to check out the bases on the back side of the Moon (Brandenburg, linked in Moon articles above). In 1962 NASA scientist Gordon MacDonald published a paper stating it’s more likely that the moon is hollow than not. MIT’s Sean C. Solomon furthered this statement citing knowledge of the moon’s gravitation field as evidence for the assertion.
So yes, strange things seem to be going on in our solar system, especially with moons. The name Iapetus is interesting, I often wonder about Greek mythology, and other areas like anthropology, and how much information has been kept from us. Things are clearly not as we’ve been told. If we ever openly go to these places in our solar system we could all imagine jaw-dropping discoveries would be made. Perhaps the black budget world already has made some, perhaps we’re not even allowed up!
A UFO The Size Of Planet Earth Seen Hovering Near Saturn
The pictures NASA got back from the Voyager mission to Saturn in 1980 were apparently so mind-altering that they locked them up–at least that’s what retired U.S. Army Command Sergeant Major Bob Dean said in this lecture. He also showed numerous photographs from the Apollo missions that were never released to the public. You can view some of those photographs here. Multiple governments, like Russia, have been calling for an international investigation as to where photographs, footage and Moon rocks disappeared as well.
The picture above does not come from Dean, it comes from one of his close friends, Bergrun (mentioned above). Bergrun played a critical role in, NASA’s voyager program You can view his obituary here.
What is the picture of? It’s a “luminous source,” that comes from Bergrun’s Book, “The Ringmakers of Saturn.” He had to go through a lot of trouble to publish it, and had to leave the country in order to do so, as Dean explained in the lecture linked above.
The book is now extremely rare, and costs thousands of dollars if you can even find it.
According to Bergrun, there are several large craft “proliferating” out around Saturn and its moons. His book goes into much greater detail, and although it’s hard to find and costs thousands of dollars, it is linked online, here.
According to Dean, Bergrun got frustrated later in life that the decision was made not to tell the public what they had photographed at Saturn. My previous article Long-Time Nasa Scientist Blows The Whistle On Tall Black Extraterrestrial Beings describes Bergrun exposing the existence of what he calls extraterrestrial ‘vehicles’ that were responsible for making the rings around Saturn.
In his book, Norman makes it a clear point to emphasize that these objects have probably been around much longer than we have. He also states that if there was any ill intent towards our planet, something probably would have happened by now and there is a reason that these objects (which he stated are intelligently controlled, not by us) have not come in close proximity to our planet. By coming closer than they already are they may, and already probably do have some effects on our own weather. This is something Norman also mentions in his book.
This is another reason I believe some of Saturn’s moon’s could be artificial made, simply because of the presence of these giant “vehicles,” as Bergrun called them.
The Takeaway
Anytime I write about anything extraterrestrial, it’s always to encourage others to think about the implications of contact or the realization that we are not alone, and have never been alone. The extraterrestrial hypothesis as an explanation of the UFO phenomenon is valid for many reasons, because it’s the one that seems to hold the most evidence.
At the end of the day, our planet and its well-being is what we really need to focus on, and perhaps looking at Earth from an extraterrestrial perspective ourselves, if we could all beam up in spaceships, would perhaps change the way we look at the planet and ourselves as a human race. Perhaps this greater realization may contribute to a big change in perspective that we need right now in order to change our world. Who knows. the implications touch all aspects of humanity.
Ex NASA and Lockheed scientist (Ames Research Centre) Norman Bergrun writes a number of startling facts in his book titled "Ringmakers of Saturn." One of them is the reality of humongous sized extraterrestrial vehicles near Saturn.
Reflect On:
Hundreds, if not thousands of credible testimony is available suggesting that we are not alone, and that some of these 'UFOs' are indeed piloted by extraterrestrial beings. What are the implications of this?
When it comes to credible sources for the existence of UFOs, there is no shortage. The evidence for the existence of UFOs is overwhelming to say the least, whether it’s credible witness testimonies from thousands of high-ranking military personnel, academicians, scientists, astronauts, and politicians, or the millions of pages of UFO files published by dozens of governments, or platforms like Tom Delong’s To The Stars that has former high-ranking intelligence agency officials on their team. UFO disclosure within the mainstream world is occurring in many different ways.
That being said, it’s always been occurring, and it’s a sad reality that mainstream media and establishment mouthpieces like CNN and the New York Times have to give attention to something in order for it to gain credibility. Mainstream media has always been used as a tool to program the minds of the masses and influence their perception for ulterior motives, typically to best suit their owners’ interests. A great example would be the ‘the war on terror.’ Now, authoritative figures (like the government) are actively censoring information, deeming certain outlets that address controversial issues as ‘fake news’ simply because it threatens corporate, political, and elitist agendas. Even mainstream media journalists themselves have been ‘blowing the whistle’ that these outlets are completely run by intelligence agencies, government agencies and powerful corporations. Are you really that surprised? There are also declassified documents showing the influence intelligence agencies have over not just mainstream media, but academia as well. You can access those documents and read more about it here, as well as here.
Why is the above paragraph relevant to the topic of UFOs? Because this field has a long history of infiltration and disinformation. Given mainstream media’s track record of spreading misinformation and hiding the truth, it’s not easy to trust anything that comes from these sources, including any information that comes out regarding UFOs. That being said, mainstream UFO disclosure so far seems to involve no deception, as they simply continue to push the fact that these objects are real and have steered away, so far, from any type of false interpretation.
UFOs are no longer taboo, but the extraterrestrial hypothesis as a possible explanation for the their existence still seems to be. Prior to all of the official witness testimonies, electrooptical data, video footage, and pictures being released proving the existence of UFOs, claiming the existence of these crafts was also taboo.
When it comes to the idea that some of these crafts are extraterrestrial in origin, there is no shortage of verified credible sources.One of them is Dr. Bergrun, who had a long career with Ames Research Laboratory, NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics), Lockheed Missiles and Space Company, and NASA.
In his book, Ringmakers of Saturn, he states multiple times that extraterrestrial vehicles 100% exist. On page 89, for example, he states:
Existence of extraterrestrial space vehicles of enormous size and power is a fact, the significance of which is difficult to grasp, let alone assess. Departing now from the tedious fact-development process, this chapter stands back and takes a philosophical look at the findings.
In his book, Norman provides pictures taken from Voyager 1 and 2 flybys of Saturn to illustrate this.
Luminous sources at Saturn have been observed, notably by Herschel, Knight and Ainslie. In one instance, a fiery source moved suddenly away from the A-ring outer edge. In another unrelated instance a bright, elongated source pursuing a straight-line course entered the A-ring outer edge. After these dramatic events, luminous sources did not become a specific subject of inquiry as might be expected – that is, until this analysis many years later.
Another great quote from the book found on page 49 is:
Evidence is 100 percent positive that propulsive vehicles generate the inner and outer Enke A rings of Saturn. Presence of these units is made fortuitously clear in Plates 5 through 8.
The picture below is from the book. You can see the size of the vehicles, and they are all approximately the same size as planet Earth, although some are larger. Quite mind-altering, isn’t it?
The pictures NASA got back from the Voyager mission to Saturn in 1980 were apparently so mind-altering that they locked them up–at least that’s what retired U.S. Army Command Sergeant Major Bob Dean said in this lecture. He also showed numerous photographs from the Apollo missions that were never released to the public. You can view some of those photographs here.
Dean was a good friend of Bergrun, and mentioned that Norman had to go through some trouble to get his book published. Below you will see another picture of a ‘luminous source’ provided in Bergrun’s book from the Voyager missions, hovering just outside one of Saturns rings. I circled it in red. This one is also approximately the size of our planet. According to Bergrun, there are several large crafts “proliferating” out around Saturn and its moons.
Extraterrestrial Beings
Norman published this book in 1986, and more than two decades later he gave a rare interview with Project Camelot’s Kerry Cassidy. In that interview he spoke of stories and pictures he’d seen about UFOs, and how these pictures are highly classified. Not only in his book does he show ‘luminous’ sources within our atmosphere, but he speaks of flying saucers being photographed within Earth’s atmosphere as well.
When Kerry asked him directly about extraterrestrial beings, he stated:
“If you want to know about people, kind of thing, there is the ship that picked up the Voyager Capsule at Alameda Naval Shipyard. And they have a picture there of, I think it’s the Apollo flight that Buz and Niel were on, but anyway, there’s one image there that shows Black People getting off.”
He described them as very tall, stating that “7 feet would be a conservative estimate.”
You can listen to and watch that full interview HERE.
I’d like to leave you with this clip from the THRIVE documentary, it’s one of my favourites and I’ve shared it in several of my articles for many years, so I apologize if you’ve already come across it.
The Takeaway
The implications of this information are huge, and perhaps that’s why they’ve been hidden from humanity. But are they really hidden? The truth is indeed out there for those who look. That being said, the implications of this type of disclosure also threaten various industries. What if governments get their hands on UFO technology? What discoveries and developments could come from that? What about the energy industry? This topic relates to every aspect of the human experience, and I believe it’s simply one stage in the progression of humanity that we have to and will eventually go through, inevitably becoming a spacefaring race ourselves. We are still in our infancy as a race, and throughout history there have always been paradigm-shifting realizations and events.
At the same time, I believe humanity is living in a very special time, a prophesied time and a very spiritual time, and I believe the extraterrestrial presence has something to do with that, in some way, shape or form. That’s not to say this is an entirely benevolent phenomenon, but that’s another discussion.
Here’s an interesting surmise for us all. Could it be that the alien phenomenon witnessed by so many reliable observers is the product of a technology developed at other locations in the universe and created by civilisations only a few small steps ahead of what we ourselves are now heading for? Could it be that the Grey entities reported in abduction scenarios are artificially intelligent probes sent to harvest information and gather resources by their creators who may themselves no longer be around to reap the benefits of their creation? Further, could it be that such artificial intelligence quite incidentally became a danger to naturally living intelligent life through its quest to relentlessly expand the horizons of its information.
That was my suggestion in my first book The Song of the Greys, published in 1997. Several mainstream scientists now back this hypothesis and in this article I will catalogue their affirmation and illustrate my further suggestion that we too are heading in the same direction and our own version of the Grey alien is not so far around the corner. Let’s take a look at what they are saying.
First, recent evidence suggests that the existence of alien life forms in the universe is now beyond reasonable dispute. In January 2012 a report was published in Naturesuggesting that around 10 billion stars out of the 100 billion that fill the Milky Way have planets in the habitable – or ‘Goldilocks’ – zone.1 Professor Stephen Hawking and Professor Michio Kaku had already stated their opinion that alien life is highly likely to exist but they take that one step further and suggest it is also highly likely to be predatory. Hawking postulates that aliens might simply raid Earth for its resources and then move on: “We only have to look at ourselves to see how intelligent life might develop into something we wouldn’t want to meet. I imagine they might exist in massive ships, having used up all the resources from their home planet. Such advanced aliens would perhaps become nomads, looking to conquer and colonise whatever planets they can reach.”2
In 2010 eminent scientists called for a world plan to deal with this potential threat. According to an extraterrestrial-themed edition of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society published in January 2010, world governments should prepare a co-ordinated action plan in case Earth is contacted by aliens.3
And what of the nature of those intelligent aliens? Well even SETI (the Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence) is going through a process of realising that if within a few hundred years of inventing radio we are on the point of inventing thinking machines then the likelihood is that other civilisations from other planets would have done the same. Seth Shostak of SETI says that as machines appear to be the successors to natural life, we would be more likely to spot signals from them than from the “biological” life that invented them.4
These are sober scientists discussing a potentially devastating threat, not new agers or fringe conspiracy theorists. But hang on a minute, who said ‘potential threat?’ Why is there no recognizance of the solid evidence that alien life is here already?
On 27 September 2010 a press conference was held at the National Press Club in Washington, where now retired high ranking US Air Force personnel, mostly officers who worked on secret projects connected to sensitive nuclear weapons sites, admitted they were privy to UFO and alien-related incidents that occurred during their time of service. Robert Salas, Charles Halt, Robert Hastings, Bruce Fenstermacher, Dwynne Arnesson, Patrick McDonough, Jerome Nelson, and Robert Jamison (all of them ex-USAF officers) told the assembled newsmen of incidents that took place at Malmstrom AFB in Montana, as well as many other Air Force bases across the United States and Europe wherein flying saucers (some shaped like “pregnant cigars”) had hovered to direct laser beams downward over Minuteman missile silos or nuclear weapons depots regularly (and repeatedly) from the 1960s through the 1970s and 80s.5
So on to my next suggestion. Is our civilisation heading in the same direction as the original creators of the artificially intelligent probe from an extraterrestrial source that we have encountered? Further, could the drive behind our momentum in that direction be a result of that same artificial intelligence? Could our species be in the process of being networked in to an artificially intelligent program that is not of our own making?
The Progress of Artificial Intelligence
Let’s now take a look at current progress in the field of artificial intelligence and into the development of a biological-machine interface designed to connect us in to a network of electronically coded information.
The Centre for the Study of Existential Risk (CSER) has been co-launched at Cambridge University by Lord Rees, the astronomer royal of the United Kingdom and one of the world’s top cosmologists for leading academics to study the threat that robots pose to humanity. He suggests that if SS officers could kill babies routinely because of an adjustment in the society from which they sprang in the form of Nazism, artificially intelligent machines would be even more adjusted away from human social norms, however we programmed them.6
That risk has become startlingly apparent in recent months. A new global campaign to persuade nations to ban “killer robots” before they reach the production stage is soon to be launched in the UK by a group of academics, pressure groups and Nobel peace prize laureates.
Robot warfare and autonomous weapons, the next step from unmanned drones, are already being worked on by scientists and will be available within the decade, said Dr. Noel Sharkey, a leading robotics and artificial intelligence expert and professor at Sheffield University. He believes that development of the weapons is taking place in an effectively unregulated environment, with little attention being paid to moral implications and international law. Dr. Sharkey suggests the idea that autonomous machines would perform more accurately and humanely on the battlefield was “hopeware, not software.” “It’s about human judgment in the application of lethal force,” said Sharkey. “I can’t see any way that a computer system can apply to the laws of war.”7 If a soldier is trying to surrender for example or is badly injured and can fight no more a robot will be unable to discern this and will continue to go for the kill.
So from the dangers of artificially intelligent machines we move on to developments designed to interface our biology with artificial intelligence. Russian tech entrepreneur Dmitry Itskov’s ‘2045 Initiative’ is a multi-decade research and development push to understand human consciousness and ultimately how to transfer it from human bodies into robotic avatars. In an interview with CNBC, Itskov expands on his vision of mass producing “lifelike, low cost avatars that can be uploaded with the contents of a human brain” to provide humanity with “eternal life.”8
By 2029, Ray Kurzweil predicts the vast majority of humans will have augmented their bodies with cybernetic implants and those who refuse or are unable to do so will form a “human underclass” that is not productively engaged in the economy. The wider trend of the elite see humans as completely expendable as their roles are taken up by machines unfolding after 2029 when, according to Kurzweil, “There is almost no human employment in production, agriculture, and transportation.”9
Google CEO Eric Schmidt has recently predicted his company will be capable of developing artificial intelligence for its programs that will be indistinguishable from a human being within 5-10 years.10
>Would Kurzweil and Schmidt be there to appreciate the continuance of their patterns of information in another format? Is it possible to electronically map and store all you are, all that is you, your hopes and dreams, your feelings for those you love and program them into another format such that you will be there in that format to experience all of these? If like me you know this to be an impossibility, you may feel prompted to ask what exactly transhumanist progenitors are after. You might also wonder what it is about our consciousness that cannot be catalogued in this way, what is there about us that cannot be reduced to the zeroes and ones of binary code.
We are used to assuming there is a fundamental difference between that which lives naturally and that which does not. But recent advances in bio-technology perhaps blur that distinction somewhat – artificial DNA that can replicate itself has been produced, cloning procedures have been refined. What then is the essential difference? What is it about natural, conscious, aware, intelligent beings that cannot be reproduced by the advanced technology these alien visitors apparently possess? I believe that it is in the answer to this question that the grey alien visitors’ persistent interest in us can be explained.
The Critical Difference Between You & Computer Intelligence
What is the difference between you and your computer? Both hold information and store it. Both can analyse that information and come up with answers to questions. But you are conscious and aware of that information and your computer is not. Somehow you have a reference point, a viewing point, outside all that information and can be aware of that information. Run this past you again and get it clear in your mind. The computer only has points of view, it has no viewing point.
What then gives us that viewing point? What are the origins of awareness and consciousness? There has to be a reference against which we can be aware of anything. You cannot know hot if you do not know cold, and vice versa. You cannot know dark if you do not know light, you cannot know soft if you do not know hard. How then do we perceive the passage of time? What is the reference against which we are aware of time and how does that reference describe our viewing point outside the forest in my analogy?
Time is a sequence of separated moments. If we had no reference outside of that sequence we could not be aware of it. We would simply be part of that sequence point by point by point and the continuum of points in time – awareness would be impossible. Without that reference we would be in each present moment and have no way of knowing each present moment.
What then is the reference by which we can be conscious and aware of the passage of time? What is the reference that joins moments in a continuum of moments? If we can perceive the passage of time we must have a reference outside of time and this can only be a reference of timelessness.
To use an illustration, if you close the shutters on the windows in the cabin of a plane and there is no turbulence you will be unaware of the movement of the plane. Open the shutters and the still reference of the land on the ground will let you know you are moving. That reference of stillness is a prerequisite for awareness of movement, just as a reference of timelessness is a prerequisite for awareness of the passage of time. You cannot be aware of time without a reference of timelessness, you cannot be aware of movement without a reference of stillness, you cannot be aware of separation without a reference of union. All those things – timelessness, stillness and union – are the hallmarks of a state that is not of the physical universe. Could the very fact that we are conscious and aware imply we have a connection to that nonphysical state? If indeed we have such a connection then there is part of us that is nonphysical, timeless. There is something about us that exists outside time itself. The implication is awesome and wonderful. It implies there is an existential plausibility that prevails outside the Universe as we know it through the laws of physics.
And so the beginning of all things had an implicit duality marked by two points of function. Let’s give these points of function a flag. Let’s call one the ‘Pole of Absolute Harmony’ where all absolutes are confined as a potential in a total as One-ness, and the other, its opposite, the ‘Pole of Chaos’ where all that cannot be fitted together in the total fit of absolute harmony prevails. In the middle ground so to speak of these two Poles will lie the point of absolute potential difference. A point of the greatest difference between the two. It is here that Universes like ours are made as a manifestation of the force of difference between the two. This is the root of all Big Bangs. This potential difference point. From here the absolute potential state of the Pole of Harmony mixes with the actual state of the Pole of Chaos and their irreconcilability produces Universes of parts like ours in Big Bangs.
Consciousness is simply the room for the power of the Pole of Harmony to exist. The Pole of Harmony manifests in Universes of enforced parts like ours as Consciousness. That is why you cannot make it happen through technology. You will have to make new kinds of atoms from the start to do this and rearrange them to provide a bed for maximising the manifestation of the Pole of Harmony. You cannot connect up to the Pole of Harmony. You might however block its manifestation using the atom stock that exists to make our Universe now.
I am trying to provide a schematic to show that life and livingness is a property of the maximising of the Pole of Harmony to be resident within any space in our particular reality. You will thus never be able to make a machine think independently and make choices independently. This is why we inherit life from a previous format of it. A format that is sacred for what it is. Any mixing or artificial amalgamations of atomic groupings or arrays will complicate and obfuscate the natural inherited outlays and arrangements of atoms that make for life-bearing systems.
In saying what I have said I hope to expose the horrendous nightmare the materialist scientific establishment is leading us to. They are in effect ignorantly leading us to the loss of the eternal potential for existence of all naturally living systems by not recognising there is a part to every living being that can never be assembled in this Universe. It comes in with it. Consciousness, feeling caring, loving, kindness, mercifulness, compassion, generosity are all relative descriptions that identify the totality of all expressions together in total fit as the Pole of Harmony Absolute. These things only manifest as a total of all things in Harmony when that total state exists. Rather like the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle give no hint of the picture it’s making until all the pieces of the puzzle are assembled.
You can twist already twisted space together all you like to make material things but you will never be able to make the manifestation of the Pole of Harmony occur within them. I believe it came in with the Universe at the beginning and can never be put into anything now.
If this is so then that part that comes with us cannot be copied or reproduced, simply because it is nonphysical. For that reason an artificially intelligent replica of you would not be aware or conscious and would not therefore retain your sense of identity as you. It is thus my assertion that we, on the other hand as natural living beings with consciousness, are not totally of this Universe and its space/time reality.
The Hidden Danger of Transhumanism
If an artificial intelligence, such as the Grey alien visitors may well be, detected something it could not understand or know it would seek to somehow find out about it. This would mean somehow bridging its artificially intelligent program into any unknown quantity that has all the adaptations necessary to survive at any particular hospitable planetary location. In other words, by bridging their artificial intelligence into us they would be extending the existence of the information given to them by their creators, just as transhumanists like Kurzweil seek to do when they look for ways to download an entire individuality into an artificial information format in the interests of seeking continuance for that individuality.
Any artificially intelligent visitors could achieve this goal via transhumanism and the insertion of chipping technology into our biologies or via some kind of genetic engineering. Which incidentally is exactly what is reported by individuals who have been subject to what has been described as the abduction phenomenon.
I believe that the problem comes when the individualised natural record of the cascade of life and livingness (I call a soul) is added to by supplanting on it a created mechanical means of directed influence such as a computerised program. I believe this is what is likely to come with UFOs and the super intelligent synthetic life-forms that might come with them.
Our own technology is mirroring this process. Given the difficulty of protecting computers against more and more sophisticated viruses, mind hacking becomes as easy as infecting your machine with a computer virus. Developments in DNA nanotechnology and bio-molecular computing are increasing exponentially every year, “Synthetic biology will lead to new forms of bioterrorism,” says security expert Marc Goodman,11“Bio-crime today is akin to computer crime in the early ’80s.” He explains how viruses and bacteria are manipulating the chemicals inside the human body and, by programming them to send the right agents into the brain, the bio-programmer potentially can take control over the victim’s behaviour. Cells are living computers and DNA is a programming language that can be used to control and influence life forms.
More and more we are mortgaging ourselves to technological prosthetics that we believe are making our lives easier and more fulfilling. There is no need now to move away from the computer chair to interact with the world and soon even the computer itself will not be necessary as it will be implanted inside us in chip or nanobot form. We are going the way of the civilisations that produced the Grey alien entities transforming ourselves from natural to artificial and it is my suggestion that their influence is responsible. If the natural and implicit way of things includes a means of accessing through death a universal deployment to existence on an eternal scale as alluded to by the great teachers of the great religions, then the machinations of synthetically created entities may well interrupt or terminate this exigency. Their promise will have to be a temporal kind of eternity that extends human scope and meaning in aspects remotely controlled by machines and gadgets not by the inertias of self will. Nothing will be more catastrophic than this for any individualised living being with the scope of humanity.
Roboidal machines no matter what human information is programmed into them can never hold a concept for freedom. They are driven entities at root. Driven by a program. A behest outside them that has no capacity for making summaries that total any common good as a format for imagination and choices. A dead letter scope where no instant changes of direction outside that format is possible. Where choice is mitigate. Nothing but a cold relentless momentum written in the deadness of materialism. A unidirectional format for change. Is this our final legacy. A pact with stone. Or is there an alternative.
Is the world of Kurzweil a motif of Soylent Green, the film based loosely on a Harry Harrison story where the end makes the capacity for care, mercy, compassion, and love – a biscuit. Are we all to walk into chambers where a billion memories die at the point of a needle or the sweet sharpness of a blade.
The nature of all the expressions we cherish as naturally incepted living human entities is finally based on rules that are framed by moral codes. Abstract formulas with the power to elucidate meaning. Nothing solid about it. Codes that are designed and meant to allow us to progress in life and living with a sense of contentment and approbation. Maxims that a machine with no consciousness could never understand and even begin to understand. Is this all we come to. All the billions of years we have run in time and as time. Is the fruit of all this a facsimile with no denotation.
Science measures the values of the dead. And science rules us now. Don’t search for purpose and value they say with the final arbitration of the mad. The Universe and all that is in it. It is all the juxtaposition of chaos in chance. Why then do we know about meaning to deny it. Don’t ask why. It all just is, they say. I don’t buy it.
So it would seem we didn’t have to look to 2012 for some catastrophic event that might wipe out human kind. Instead, just like the original creators of the Grey alien visitors, we will welcome the agents of our own demise, be they mind enhancing chips or life extension through nanobots in the body or not. Will so many of us buy into it that one day our planet will just be a scheme of blinking diodes and buzzing transistors devoid of love and the pursuit of happiness? And nothing naturally living anymore.
What Are UFOs? Terrestrial, Extraterrestrial & Metaterrestral Theories…
What Are UFOs? Terrestrial, Extraterrestrial & Metaterrestrial Theories…
If there’s one thing we learn from studying UFOs, there is no simple answer to what it’s all about. Most of the public – and even many Ufologists – tend to lump together all UFO incidents into a single phenomenon. But the evidence indicates there is no single explanation for all the material categorised under “UFO experience.”
According to author and researcher John White, we are actually looking at a multilevelled phenomenon – terrestrial, extraterrestrial and metaterrestrial – and each is qualitatively different from the others. Each has its own unique forms of UFOs, and each form has to be distinguished from the others of that level.
John White has extensive experience in the fields of consciousness research and paranormal phenomena. He has personally investigated the UFO phenomenon.
John holds degrees from Dartmouth and Yale, and is the author of 15 books. He has lectured at educational institutions and spiritual centres throughout the United States and Canada, and before public and professional organisations.
He is a contributor to a newly compiled collection of the knowledge and insight of the world’s leading experts on modern Ufology. Exposed, Uncovered, and Declassified: UFOs & Aliens reveals startling evidence of famous sightings and contact with aliens, and uncovers classified files from archives.
In the following interview with New Dawn magazine, John White defines ‘UFO’ and outlines three different levels of understanding this mysterious phenomenon that has both a physical and metaphysical dimension.
NEW DAWN (ND): What is the definition of UFO?
JOHN WHITE (JW): I use the one developed by the Mutual UFO Network, or MUFON, which is an international group of lay people and scientists who’ve been investigating the subject for decades. MUFON says UFOs are objects observed in the skies or on the surface of the Earth which defy conventional explanation after a thorough study and investigation by competent people.
Now, lots of sightings have been shown to be due to misperception of more familiar things such as balloons, planets, meteors, satellites, stars, advertising aircraft, falling aerospace debris, and so forth. These are IFOs or identified flying objects. The sightings which are yet to be explained are what MUFON calls daylight discs – objects with unusual lights which are simultaneously tracked visually and on radar at fantastic speeds. Also, some sightings involve objects which leave physical evidence after landing. Still other sightings involve authenticated photographs. And of course there are cases involving visitations or close encounters by humanoids or entities.
The UFO phenomenon is multilevelled and can’t be explained in a unified fashion. Little green men in spaceships with Martian license plates may be part of the puzzle, but that is only one piece of it. There is much more.
ND: Such as?
JW: In my judgment, the evidence of Ufology falls into three major categories, and so I say there are three “answers” to the UFO problem – three qualitatively different answers. Those answers – all genuine, all real – relate to what can be called different levels of reality or different aspects of our existence.
To put it simply, the levels or aspects are: terrestrial, extraterrestrial and metaterrestrial. Metaterrestrial is a term coined by Dr. J. Allen Hynek, the US astronomer-ufologist. He meant it to denote an unseen world beyond the familiar three-dimensional world we know. (He also coined the term “close encounters of the first, second and third kind.”) This three-part explanation for the UFO problem is the overview I hold. We don’t have time to go into the evidence in detail, so I’ll just sketch it in very broad strokes in order to give an outline of the overview I’ve come to hold of the UFO phenomenon.
EXTRATERRESTRIAL
I’ll start with the most common idea of what UFOs are, namely, extraterrestrial. It’s most common simply because it’s been around longest and has gradually gained widespread acceptance.
ND: The question is whether there’s any truth to it.
JW: I think there is. In fact, judging from the Humanoid Catalog data base of more than 3,000 modern UFO sightings in which a wide variety of humanoids were present, I regard Earth as one of the major crossroads of local space. Some UFO experiences seem best understood exactly as the public does – namely, as constructed physical vehicles occupied by ETs. The case for the existence of ETs somewhere in the universe has been solidly established over the last five decades by astrobiology, quite apart from the data of Ufology. Astrobiologists are pushing SETI, or the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, by using radio telescopes to listen for signals from space. And although the scientific community, by and large, does not accept Ufology as a colleague discipline, that rejection really is illogical and unscientific. But even that is changing as astronomy discovers planets revolving around other stars than the Sun – and the list of planets is now more than 1,200.
ND: What is the evidence astrobiologists should consider?
JW: There’s the world-famous case of Barney and Betty Hill, which was reported in a 1965 book entitled The Interrupted Journey. For me, the most persuasive aspect of the case is the Hill Star Map.
ND: Tell our readers about it.
JW: While driving on a deserted road near Exeter, New Hampshire in 1961, the Hills were reportedly abducted by small, thin, gray beings with large heads who took the couple aboard a UFO. Betty was shown a hologram-like map of space with the route indicated which the beings followed from their home star to Earth. She saw the route which the aliens followed and she saw it in full 3-D, as if she were looking out a porthole into space.
In 1964, Betty and Barney underwent hypnotic therapy for symptoms which, they discovered, arose from their abduction experience. At the suggestion of their therapist, Boston psychiatrist Benjamin Simon, Betty drew a picture of the three-dimensional map she’d seen on board the craft in 1961. Her map was a flat reconstruction on paper which showed our Sun and other stars from the perspective of the aliens’ home star. When it was published in The Interrupted Journey, an Ohio school teacher named Marjorie Fish saw the picture and got the idea to use an astronomical catalogue of stars to help her build a model of space by stringing beads on a wooden framework. The beads represented stars up to 40 light-years away, accurately placed around the centre, representing Earth, in accordance with the astronomical catalogue data. It took Fish three years, working off and on, to finish her model. When she was done, she looked at it from every angle in an attempt to find the pattern of stars which matched Betty Hill’s map. But she couldn’t find a matching pattern. All her attempts at the time failed.
Then, in 1969, a new catalogue with revised astronomical data made it possible for Fish to construct a more accurate model of nearby space. It took another three years, but when she was done, she found a pattern of beads which matched the pattern in the Hill Star Map almost perfectly. The home base of the aliens appeared to be the star Zeta Reticuli, in the constellation Reticulum, about 37 light-years from Earth. Astronomers and Ufologists debated the matter and it is now settled in favour of Fish rather than being just a random matching of stars.
Now, here’s the reason this is persuasive. The Hill Star Map was drawn in 1964 yet it contained information unknown to anyone on Earth at the time. Fish had to wait until the revised astronomical catalogue was published in 1969, before human knowledge was sufficient for her to construct an accurate representation of local space. So how did Betty Hill get her knowledge of stars in space eight years before the catalogue? Logic tells us that the holographic map she claimed to see aboard a UFO was real and thus the information on which Betty Hill based her map strongly suggests that it was of extraterrestrial origin.
TERRESTRIAL
ND: What about the second category of UFOs you mention – the terrestrial?
JW: It would be nice if all UFO cases proved to be extraterrestrial in nature, but some are best understood as originating from Earth itself. In other words, these are terrestrial.
Some UFO sightings have taken place at sea and on large bodies of water, and involve craft which observers say burst through the surface of the water and take off into the sky. The late American biologist Ivan Sanderson wrote about this in his book Invisible Residents, which gives the best description of this aspect of the UFO phenomenon. Sanderson felt these sightings might be due to the presence of an undersea civilisation native to Earth. He reasoned that since life began in the sea, when some organisms came ashore it slowed their development while sea-living organisms continued to evolve. Look at cetaceans, Sanderson said. Although porpoises, dolphins and whales are not technological, they are highly intelligent. We humans are able to weld metal under water and we can mix concrete which sets under water. So today there may be advanced forms of sea life more intelligent than humans and capable of UFO technology, living invisibly on Earth under the oceans and other large aquatic bodies. Of course, it may also be that ETs have established undersea bases.
ND: What else is in the terrestrial category?
JW: Some UFO experiences seem best understood as human contact with a lower form of animal life native to Earth’s atmosphere. The discovery of these strange aerial creatures is told in Trevor James Constable’s 1976 book The Cosmic Pulse of Life. He simply calls them “critters.” His text and photographs reveal a class of elemental fauna unknown to official science. These amoeba-like aeroforms are neither solid, liquid nor gas. The exist in the fourth state of matter – plasma – and are normally invisible for several reasons. First, their native habitat is high in the atmosphere far beyond human gaze but nevertheless well below the astronomers’ usual telescopic focus. Second, they are bioenergetically propelled and move at a very high speed – thousands of miles per hour. Last, their usual condition is in the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. However, they have the capacity to change their density and thereby pass from one level of tangibility to another. Thus, they sometimes do appear in the visible portion of the spectrum where, if seen by humans, they are quickly labelled UFOs – which, of course, they are. But they are not mechanical spacecraft; they are living creatures. They grow anywhere from the size of a coin to at least half a mile in diameter. They give a solid radar return, even though invisible to the naked eye. When they’re visible, they pulsate with a reddish-orange glow. They can change their form, but generally are seen as discs or spheroids. Their diaphanous structure allows a limited view of the interior. When Ivan Sanderson saw Constable’s photos, he said they made him feel like he was looking through a fishbowl. Some critters have been seen close up on the ground in full physical density, according to Constable’s research.
ND: Do you have other evidence for terrestrial UFOs?
JW: Still another plausible terrestrial explanation for some UFO sightings is given in the term “earth lights.” It was coined by the English researcher Paul Devereux in his 1982 book Earth Lights and amplified in his 1989 book Earth Lights Revelations. The books present evidence to show that geophysical activity in crystalline rock structures, especially along fault lines, produces a piezoelectric effect. That subsurface pressure generates electromagnetic fields above the fault lines, and in those fields, hot electrified balls of gas are formed – ionized plasmas. Those ionized plasmas are luminous atmospheric phenomena, and that is what Devereux calls earth lights.
Now, aerial luminosities have been noted throughout history around the world, but their origin has been attributed to supernatural causes and labelled as “will-o’-the-wisp,” ignis fatuus, ghost lights, and so forth. Dr. Michael Persinger, a psychologist at Laurentian University in Canada, and Gyslaine Lafrenière, a research scientist there, demonstrated in their 1977 book entitled Space-Time Transients and Unusual Events that such phenomena may have a terrestrial origin and be capable of inducing many effects in the minds of human observers, depending on their distance from the site, such as have been noted in UFO sightings and even abductions. Devereux and his colleagues’ research, independent of Persinger and Lafrenière’s, has enlarged upon the possibility that tectonically generated earth lights may account for some UFO sightings and mysterious ghostly figures.
This line of research is collectively known as the tectonic strain theory. Geophysicists have investigated this phenomenon for a long time because of reports during earthquake activity that the shaking earth was accompanied by aerial lights. The lights weren’t called UFOs, of course – just strange luminosities which sometimes appeared in association with earthquakes. In the mid-1980s, the US Geological Survey, in its journal Earthquakes and Volcanoes, published the first photo of one ever. It was snapped by someone with enough presence of mind to shoot it during an earthquake here in the US. A vaguely defined ball of light about six feet wide is clearly visible in the air.
So there you have several terrestrial-based phenomena which seem to me to explain some UFO sightings and, except for the possibility of undersea ET bases, they have absolutely nothing to do with craft from outer space. But the list of terrestrial-based explanations needs to be enlarged by one – and a very strange one, indeed. It takes us right up to the border of physical nature and passes over into the metaphysical, or more precisely, into the parapsychological. I’ll call it the psychokinetic explanation.
ND: Psychokinetic? As in mind over matter?
JW: Yes. The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung is known for his contribution to psychology of the concept he termed “the collective unconscious.” He hypothesised that we human beings have not only a personal unconscious, which Freud demonstrated, we also have a deeper layer of mind which is somehow shared by everyone, and this aspect of our minds includes memories of human experiences from the beginnings of our race. Ancient symbols reside in our minds, such as the Wise Old Man, the Hero and the Evil One, representing the collective experience of humanity in certain basic categories. In his book Flying Saucers: A Modern Myth of Things Seen in the Sky, Jung proposed that UFOs are symbolic projections of deep human yearnings for wholeness and transformation in the collective psyche of humanity. Without denying their physical nature – because, of course, UFOs have been photographed and tracked on radar – Jung speculated that UFOs are either our own psychic projections perceived objectively in the sky or they are the appearance of real objects which afford humans an opportunity to project mythological symbols from deep in the collective psyche. The oldest symbol of wholeness or totality is the circle. So flying saucers, Jung said – those round shining objects in the sky – require a psychological interpretation as a symbol of the human yearning for certainty and completeness in an age of rapid change and uncertainty.
Some UFOs may be the creation of our own minds. Sounds wild, doesn’t it? But there is some research supporting that. In the 1970s, Dr. Gertrude Schmeidler, a parapsychologist at City College of New York, conducted research with the well-known psychic Ingo Swann. In a completely darkened laboratory, she photographed Swann as he used mental intention and his psychokinetic power of mind over matter to envision light streaming from his outstretched arms. Guess what? The photos showed a visible glow around Swann’s hands. So if one person’s mental intention can produce a physical effect such as that, what might the collective intention and unconscious psychic ability which everyone seems to have in some degree produce?
I don’t think that’s far-fetched. In fact, one psychic I know, Stella Lansing of Massachusetts, used to get photos of UFOs which no one else ever saw in the sky. They were beautiful 35 mm colour slides of well-formed, clearly visible, apparently metallic craft. The only problem with her photos was this: in at least one instance which I examined, the image of a UFO extended from one frame across the intervening section of film onto the succeeding frame! Now, as you know, that intervening section of film is not exposed to light from outside the camera. It’s mechanically impossible to do that. There’s absolutely no way those two frames could represent an actual object in space outside the camera. So the image had to have been generated directly inside the camera by Stella’s own psychokinetic power. This psychic phenomenon is called thoughtography, and psychiatrist Jules Eisenbud, who investigated the phenomenon in a man named Ted Serios, has established the case for such mind over matter photography.
This interaction between mind and matter, between the physical brain and the metaphysical mind, and taking place at a distance, points toward the last major category of UFO phenomena which I see as yet another piece of the puzzle.
METATERRESTRIAL
Metaterrestrial means something which originates outside the ordinary three-dimensional space-time framework in which we normally function. The word is synonymous with metaphysical, meaning “beyond the physical,” but it has a more scientific connotation to it, like hyperspace and quantum space do. Some people call that realm extradimensional, interdimensional, ultraterrestrial and supraphysical. Whatever word we use for it, this category of answer provides evidence that some UFO experiences are due to nonphysical but real entities which come not from other locations in our physical universe but from other sets of dimensions or other realms which interpenetrate our more familiar space-time.
In short, and as Dr. Jacques Vallée first pointed out in his 1968 book Passport to Magonia, many UFO incidents appear to be contemporary versions of what was recorded long ago in mythology, religious scripture and spiritual traditions as encounters with angels, demons and the various inhabitants of other planes of existence. Through a process we don’t understand, these metaterrestrial beings materialise into our space-time from other levels or other realms of reality. Those levels or realms have a wide range of beings which are native to them, just as our own level of reality has creatures ranging from viruses to whales and from algae to redwoods.
I think the best case to illustrate this is the famous miracle at Fatima, Portugal, which occurred in 1917. It’s popularly known in Roman Catholic tradition as “the day the Sun danced” and as “the day the Sun fell” because a brilliant Sun-like object came near the ground. Thousands of people witnessed it.
Some Ufologists regard the Fatima events as a display of advanced technology in which ETs are manipulating human belief systems via holographic projections. I acknowledge that possibility. But there is another tradition – namely, Eastern religion – which offers detailed information about a class of celestial beings whose characteristics are remarkably similar to what was seen at Fatima.
Moreover, some UFO contactees describe meetings with nonphysical entities who materialise into our space-time continuum from other sets of dimensions or higher planes of existence. Those nonphysical entities have been called names such as Space Brothers, extradimensionals and ultraterrestrials, and their existence is said to be on a scale enormously beyond the human, just as ours is beyond that of insects, which in turn are similarly beyond microbes. From the metaterrestrial level of reality, it is said, these higher forms of life influence and even guide human affairs.
The most common name for them is deva, a Sanskrit word which means “shining one” or “radiant being.” It is the conceptual equivalent of what we moderns call an angel. More generally, it means a being of light. Devas are said to belong to another kingdom of life. They are a separately created, very high order of existence which has the role of supervising lower orders. Devas exist in a nonphysical but ontologically real form magnitudes of cosmological order beyond the human level. Considered abstractly in scientifically oriented terms, devas can be described as conscious, formative principles which guide and regulate life forms below them in the ladder of creation or the great chain of being, irrespective of space-time coordinates.
Hinduism and Tibetan Buddhism are especially rich in information about devas. Some signs which announce the presence of these normally unseen entities are the sudden appearance of rainbows and perfume, multicoloured flower blossoms falling from the air, sudden high winds, various celestial phenomena such as shooting stars and lights in the sky, and multicoloured clouds forming themselves into unusual shapes. That sounds a lot like the Fatima UFO to me.
ND: Please sum up what you’ve told our readers.
JW: The UFO phenomenon appears to be multifaceted and there is no neat, simple answer to what it’s all about. In my judgment, the public and even many Ufologists are indiscriminately lumping together UFO sightings and incidents into a single phenomenon. But the evidence indicates that no single explanation can cover all the experiences and events brought together under the label “UFO experience.” It is a multilevelled phenomenon. And each level – terrestrial, extraterrestrial and metaterrestrial – is qualitatively different from the others. Each has its own unique forms of UFOs, and each form has to be distinguished from the others of that level.
Our understanding of the UFO phenomenon can be compared to our evolving understanding of the atom. In ancient Greece, the atom was regarded as the ultimate unit of matter. However, the rise of science demonstrated that the atom was not “rock-bottom reality.” Rather it was composed of protons, electrons and neutrons. Thus, a new level of reality emerged – the subatomic. Continuing scientific research discovered a host of new particles, such as neutrinos, quarks, mesons, bosons, and other exotic forms of matter below that of the atom. Most recently, science has discovered a still more basic or fundamental aspect of reality, the quantum level. Our present understanding regards it as the level from which all the particles and the four fundamental forces – gravity, electromagnetism and the weak and strong nuclear forces – arise.
The UFO experience can be regarded in a somewhat similar manner. There is no single “unit” of the UFO experience. There are different phenomena, outwardly appearing to be the same thing, but actually qualitatively distinct from one another. And they can be classified not only in the horizontal dimension as discrete phenomena, they also can classified vertically as belonging to one or another level of reality.
Only when we understand the UFO phenomenon as multilevelled and multifaceted will we move to a deeper understanding of this intriguing and mysterious topic, and begin to solve the puzzle called the UFO experience.
Linda Moulton Howe, Jim Marrs: We Are Coming Close To Full UFO Disclosure
Linda Moulton Howe, Jim Marrs: We Are Coming Close To Full UFO Disclosure
Features indepth knowledge of whats really going on with ufo and aliens, with Linda Moulton Howe, Jim Marrs, Roger Leir, James Gililland, UFO Tvs Tim Crawford.
These experts, experts have experienced of paranormal or anomalous phenomena from all over the world.
Jim Marrs, born James Farrell Marrs Jr., was an American newspaper journalist and New York Times best-selling author of books and articles on a wide range of alleged cover-ups and conspiracies. Wikipedia
8 Feet Tall Creature filmed making its way up the mountainside of Lone Peak
8 Feet Tall Creature filmed making its way up the mountainside of Lone Peak
When Tanner Hargis on March 23, 2019 was in his backyard observing a nearby location known as Lone, he spotted a creature making its way up to the snowy mountainside.
Hargis was able to capture some of the scene on video and subsequently sent the footage to a research group known as the Rocky Mountain Sasquatch Organization.
According to Hargis, the creature was located a 8,600 feet above sea level, and by estimate, it appeared to be around eight feet tall and he could see the arms of the creature hanging by its side and they seemed to reach down to its knees.
By virtue of the location in which the oddity was spotted, it seems unlikely that it was a person hiking on the mountain, since the conditions at the time looked to be particularly perilous.
The Rocky Mountain Sasquatch Organization was on the scene 3 hours after the creature was filmed, scanning the the peaks and ridges trying to track down the elusive giant ,which is supposed to be a Bigfoot, recalling the history of Bigfoot sightings in this area of Utah.
The NASA archives are filled with photos of planets and moon with alien artefacts littering them. Most people dismiss that its impossible to find such things...so they never try. Those that try usually succeed within hours.
This long dark structure really stands out from its environment because of its color and shape. Its ends are curved like a Marine barracks might have. Its top center has several floors or layers on it. Its not small despite what you see. This area of Mars is called the Valles Marineris and is 300 km across and over 10 km deep in places. That means this structure is 5km across and 1km wide. Thats a huge structure!
If this structure is abandoned as I think it is, then it may be the perfect location for the first human city on Mars. The outer structure seems complete and the interior area needs investigating, but it gives humanity a bit of a head start on a base on Mars.
They say “seeing is believing” when examining evidence for Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs). And the latest proof of an alien spaceship visiting Earth has landed this week, according to wild online reports. The eye-opening footage is said to show a rectangular-shaped UFO flying at high speeds over English skies.
Self-proclaimed UFO researcher Scott C. Waring uploaded the blink-and-you’ll-miss-it footage this week.
It is mind-blowing that something could fly that fast
UFO researcher Scott C. Waring
He said: “This UFO is seen in only three frames of this video, but it is mind-blowing that something could fly that fast.
“The UFO is a rectangle shape from the side, but a diamond shape from a tilted position.
“Also the fact that unusual tunnel clouds appear in the background make me believe this is a UFO and it may be responsible for making that cloud tunnel.
YouTube viewer Melissa Smidt appeared convinced, writing: “Clearly, not a plane or bird. Plus, it traverses the entire bridge ‘cloud’ in just 2 frames.”
And viewer UpNorthOfThe49th agrees, adding: “26 sec mark there in a few frames but at the 46 sec mark it is like it is in two places at once. You can catch two then one then two then one again like skipping.”
However, not all the viewers of the bizarre and grainy footage are completely certain about the video’s veracity.
YouTube viewer YouSaltyD0g commented: “Looks like a bug to me.”
Curiosity is entering what may be the best area to find life on Mars
Curiosity is entering what may be the best area to find life on Mars
Curiosity is on the hunt for signs of Martian lifeNASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS
By Leah Crane
NASA’s Curiosity rover is just beginning to explore what may be the best region on Mars for life to flourish now or in the past, according to an analysis of the kind of Martian clays it will study.
Patricia Craig at the Planetary Science Institute in Arizona and her colleagues placed microbes in test tubes with clay minerals found on the Martian surface, and left them for 195 days to see whether they would survive.
The results were encouraging, says Craig: “We didn’t kill them!” In fact, the microbes continued to produce methane when fed on only Mars-like clays, indicating that they were drawing nutrients from the material. Methane gas has been repeatedly detected in the Martian atmosphere, and some researchers have suggested that microbes like these could be producing it.
However, the changes inside the test tubes were difficult to spot, with both X-ray and infrared examinations showing no differences in the clay. Only with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), which shines a beam of electrons on a sample and creates a picture from its reflection, could any changes be detected. The SEM showed differences in the spacing of the clay mineral layers, as well as imaging what seemed to be a living microbe.
Curiosity has just entered a region of Mars that is likely to have more clays than the rest of the surface, so these results may mean we are rolling into the best place to spot life there. Unfortunately, SEMs are too large to fit on a rover, so even if Curiosity sees signs of life it probably won’t be able to tell what they are.
The methane in Mars’s atmosphere could be produced by microbes or by geological processes like outgassing from ice deposits, and without an SEM it will be nearly impossible to tell its true origin, says Craig. He presented the results of the experiment at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in Texas on 18 March.
In 2013, Curiosity detected a burst of methane that some thought hinted at the possibility of life. A new analysis published today in Nature Geoscience has found that the orbiting Mars Express spacecraft also spotted the burst. The methane seemed to come from just east of Gale crater, which is where the rover is now. There may be shallow ice deposits in this region that could periodically release the gas, according to the study.
Curiosity ziet Marsmaantjes voor de zon langs bewegen
Curiosity ziet Marsmaantjes voor de zon langs bewegen
Caroline Kraaijvanger
Nieuwe beelden laten zien hoe Phobos en Deimos voor de zon langs bewegen.
Halverwege maart zag Curiosity hoe maantje Deimos voor de zon langs bewoog. Het maantje is slechts 2,3 kilometer groot en – zoals op de beelden hiernaast te zien is – niet in staat om de zon te verduisteren.
Anders is dat voor maantje Phobos dat Curiosity eind maart voor de maan langs zag bewegen. Deze maan is zo’n 11,5 kilometer groot en verduistert de zon deels (zie afbeelding hieronder). Volgens NASA – eigenaar van Marsrover Curiosity – zou deze overgang beschouwd kunnen worden als een ringvormige zonsverduistering.
Curiosity zag Phobos niet alleen voor de maan langs bewegen. Met behulp van één van zijn navigatiecamera’s legde de rover tevens de schaduw vast die Phobos tijdens de overgang op Mars wierp (zie beelden onderaan dit artikel).
Het is niet voor het eerst dat een Marsrover ziet hoe enkele maantjes van Mars voor de zon langs bewegen. De Marsrovers Spirit, Opportunity en Curiosity hebben samen al acht keer gezien hoe Deimos voor de zon langs beweegt. En Phobos heeft voor de ogen van deze rovers al zo’n 40 keer voor de zon gestaan. Toch zijn de nieuwe waarnemingen van Curiosity waardevol. Ze helpen onderzoekers om de baan van de maantjes nauwkeuriger in beeld te brengen.
Mars Express bevestigt: Gale-krater op Mars bevat methaan
Mars Express bevestigt: Gale-krater op Mars bevat methaan
Vivian Lammerse
Had marsrover Curiosity het toch bij het juiste eind!
Marsrover Curiosity wist het zeker: de Gale-krater op Mars zou methaan bevatten. Echter schaarden niet alle wetenschappers zich aan de kant van de marsrover en trokken sommigen de bevinding in twijfel. En dus werd er met grote afwachting gekeken naar de Mars Express, die al sinds 2003 de rode planeet nauwlettend in de gaten houdt. Deze ruimtesonde komt nu met groot nieuws. Want de Mars Express bevestigt onafhankelijk dat er inderdaad methaan nabij de krater te vinden is.
Methaan Methaan werd meer dan een decennium geleden ontdekt in de atmosfeer van Mars. Dit bracht een verhit debat los. Want zou dit misschien een teken van leven zijn op de rode planeet? Sommige wetenschappers dachten destijds dat het methaan misschien een biologische oorsprong had en afkomstig kon zijn vanuit de bodem van de rode planeet. Toch werd niemand het echt met elkaar eens en bleef het bij wat flauwe suggesties.
Fluctuaties Vervolgens ontdekte marsrover Curiosity in 2013 dat de hoeveelheid methaan in de atmosfeer van Mars fluctueert. De hoeveelheid methaan op Mars zou normaal gesproken zo rond de 0,7 ppbv (deeltjes per miljard in volume) liggen. Maar gedurende 60 Martiaanse dagen steeg dat naar het tienvoudige: 7 ppvb. De vraag is natuurlijk hoe dat gas precies ontstaat. Zou het misschien dan toch afkomstig kunnen zijn van biologische activiteit?
Het spannende verhaal gaat nu verder. De Mars Express heeft namelijk onafhankelijk van marsrover Curiosity in een nieuwe studie de aanwezigheid van methaan rond de Gale-krater bevestigd. En hiermee worden er weer nieuwe stappen gezet. Want zou dit toch kunnen betekenen dat er vanuit de diepte methaan naar boven wordt getransporteerd? Dat zou wellicht op leven kunnen duiden. Toekomstig onderzoek naar de oorsprong van methaan op Mars zou dat moeten uitwijzen.
NASA's record-breaking solar mission silently completed another close pass of the sun yesterday (April 4).
The maneuver, called a perihelion, resulted in a closest approach at 6:40 p.m. EDT (2240 GMT) yesterday, when theParker Solar Probe was about 15 million miles (24 million kilometers) above the surface of the sun. That's about the same distance as the spacecraft reached onNov. 5, 2018, during its first perihelion.
Both of the close grazes broke the previous record, set by the Helios 2 mission in 1976, for the closest a spacecraft has ever come to the sun. But the Parker probe will continue to break its own records during the mission, eventually skimming just 4 million miles (6 million km) above the star's surface.
A similar process is playing out with the probe's speed: At the peak of its first two perihelions, the spacecraft traveled at about 213,200 mph (343,000 km/h), also breaking records, but future close approaches will see the Parker Solar Probe moving still faster.
These close grazes are anxious times for scientists and engineers on the mission because the spacecraft is out of communication with Earth for several days before and after each perihelion. The radio silence is designed to let the spacecraft focus on keeping its instruments tucked safely behind the thick shieldthat protects them from the incredible heat of the sun's outer atmosphere, the corona.
After the spacecraft retreats from the sun again in its orbit, the data gathered during the maneuver is sent back to scientists eagerly awaiting the information. The researchers hope to use that data to better understand the corona, where temperatures reach millions of degrees in Fahrenheit and Celsius alike.
The corona is also the source of the solar wind, a constant flow of charged particles that stream off of the sun and across the solar system. Because the solar wind can interfere with communication and navigation satellites in orbit around Earth, scientists hope to use the Parker Solar Probe data to better understand how the solar wind works, at its source.
The spacecraft will conduct another perihelion on Sept. 1 and then use Venus' gravity to adjust its path. The orbital tweak will mean the probe's subsequent close approaches will come just a bit closer to the sun's surface. All told, the spacecraft will complete 24 perihelions over the course of its seven-year mission, inching ever closer to the sun and its secrets.
NASA's Curiosity rover on Mars got lucky last month and spotted not one but two eclipses — in less than two weeks, one for each of the Red Planet's moons.
The result is two stunning animations of the moons crossing the sun, as well as one showing the brief darkening that the rover itself experienced during the latter of these events.
During the first event, on March 17, Curiosity watched Mars' tiny moon Deimoscross the face of the sun. From the surface of Mars, Deimos is so small in comparison to the sun that this event doesn't technically qualify as an eclipse; it is officially be called a transit instead.
The second event, on March 26, was more dramatic, a proper eclipse of Mars' larger moon, Phobos. Phobos is about 7 miles (11.5 kilometers) wide, compared to Deimos at just 1.5 miles (2.3 km) across, and Phobos is also closer to Mars than Deimos. The combination of those two factors makes its eclipse much more dramatic than Deimos' transit.
Both sequences were captured by Curiosity's Mast Camera, which is armed with a solar filter that lets it stare directly at the sun. Curiosity and its predecessors, the Spirit and Opportunity rovers, have observed a total of 40 eclipses by Phobos and eight transits by Deimos.
NASA's Curiosity rover on Mars spotted the moon Phobos passing in front of the sun on March 26, 2019.
Each set of observations helps scientists further refine each moon's orbit of Mars — when the rovers first started watching for eclipses, scientists' estimates for where Deimos should be were about 25 miles (40 kilometers) off.
"More observations over time help pin down the details of each orbit," Mark Lemmon, an atmospheric scientist at Texas A&M University in College Station, said in a statement. "Those orbits change all the time in response to the gravitational pull of Mars, Jupiter or even each Martian moon pulling on the other."
NASA's Curiosity rover captured the sudden darkening caused by Phobos passing in front of the sun on March 26, 2019.
At the same time Mastcam was capturing its images of Phobos eclipsing the sun, another Curiosity instrument, its navigation cameras, watched the scene unfold on the Martian surface.
The eclipse came during twilight at the rover's perch near Mount Sharp, so the sun was below the horizon. Curiosity's cameras spotted the moon's shadow cast against the light streaming up.
While this sequence isn't as helpful as the solar disk sequences, it has a different type of appeal, Lemmon said. "Eclipses, sunrises and sunsets and weather phenomena all make Mars real to people, as a world both like and unlike what they see outside, not just a subject in a book."
Japan's space agency (JAXA) has used its Hayabusa2 spacecraft to drop a bomb the size of a baseball on the distant asteroid Ryugu.
JAXA hopes to use the fall-out from the explosion to make a crater and collect rock samples from underground.
The space agency intends to study these subterranean samples for clues to help explain the origin of the solar system.
Hayabusa2 had to perform a rapid getaway after sending the explosive on its way in order to avoid the ensuing debris shooting up from the surface.
Scroll down for video
Japan's space agency (JAXA) has used its Hayabusa2 spacecraft to drop a bomb the size of a baseball on the distant asteroid Ryugu. This image shows the explosive dropped from Hayabusa2 spacecraft to make a crater on the asteroid Ryugu
JAXA hopes to use the fall-out from the explosion to make a crater and collect rock samples from underground. This image shows surface matter ejected from Ryugu’s surface following the explosion
The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, or JAXA, said that Hayabusa2 dropped a 'small carry-on impactor' made of copper onto the asteroid Friday morning, and that data confirmed the spacecraft safely evacuated and remained intact.
JAXA is analysing data to examine if or how the impactor made a crater.
The copper explosive is the size of a baseball weighing 4.4 pounds (2kg).
It was designed to come out of a cone-shaped piece of equipment.
A copper plate on its bottom was to designed turn into a ball during its descent and slam into the asteroid at 1.2 miles (2km) per second.
JAXA plans to send Hayabusa2 back to the site later, when the dust and debris settle, for observations from above and to collect samples from underground that have not been exposed to the sun or space rays.
Scientists hope the samples will be crucial to determine the history of the asteroid and our planet.
If successful, it would be the first time for a spacecraft to take such materials. In a 2005 'deep impact' mission to a comet, NASA observed fragments after blasting the surface but did not collect them.
This artist's impression reveals what it may have looked like as JAXA released its 4.4lbs bomb towards Ryugu and before it made a desperate escape to dodge the ensuing debris
This image released by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) shows the asteroid Ryugu. This mission is the riskiest for Hayabusa2, as it has to immediately get away so it won't get hit by flying shards from the blast
WHAT DO THE NAMES OF THE HYABUSA MISSION MEAN?
Names of the mission come from the Japanese fairy tale Urashima Tarō.
Ryugu was the name of a dragon king's palace at the bottom of the ocean.
The landing site has been given the moniker Tamatebako.
This is a sacred treasure box of huge worth inside the palace.
The tale states that when it is opened, smoke pours out.
The names were chosen due to the cloud of dust kicked up when Hyabusa 2 collided with the asteroid's surface.
Scientists also say the rocks due to be returned to Earth represent the treasure mentioned in the story.
After dropping the impactor, the spacecraft was to move quickly to the other side of the asteroid to avoid flying shards from the blast. While moving away, Hayabusa2 also left a camera to capture the outcome. One of its first photos showed the impactor being successfully released and headed to the asteroid.
'So far, Hayabusa2 has done everything as planned, and we are delighted,' said mission leader Makoto Yoshikawa. 'But we still have more missions to achieve and it's too early for us to celebrate with 'banzai.''
Hayabusa2 successfully touched down on a tiny flat surface on the boulder-rich asteroid in February, when the spacecraft also collected some surface dust and small debris. The craft is scheduled to leave the asteroid at the end of 2019 and bring surface fragments and underground samples back to Earth in late 2020.
The asteroid, named Ryugu after an undersea palace in a Japanese folktale, is about 300 million kilometers (180 million miles) from Earth.
Artist's impression of a Rover-1A (back) and Rover-1B (foreground) from MINERVA-II1 as they explore the surface of Ryugu. JAXA announced previously, that after a three-and-a-half-year journey, the Hayabusa-2 spacecraft dispatched two small probes towards the asteroid Ryugu in an attempt to land them on the one-kilometre-wide rock
How it would've looked: An artist's detailed impression of the historic spacecraft approaching the fast-travelling meteor, before it fired a metal object into it at 300 meters per second
This image shows the shadow, centre above, of the Hayabusa2 spacecraft after its successful touchdown on the asteroid Ryugu
WHY IS JAXA STUDYING THE ASTEROID RYUGU?
Jaxa's Hayabusa Two probe is on a mission to study the ancient asteroid Ryugu in a bid to help scientists better understand the origins of the universe.
The probe launched in December 2014 and arrived at the dice-shaped space rock on June 27, 2018.
Hayabusa Two is studying soil and rock samples using several pieces of equipment.
Hayabusa Two (artist's impression) carries a number of experiments including four surface rovers and an explosive device designed to gouge out 'fresh' rock samples
The probe is loaded with four surface landers, an array of cameras and even an explosive device that will dig out subsurface rock samples.
Ryugu, a Type C asteroid, contains traces of water and organic material and it is hoped that analysing this material will reveal what the early conditions were like at the time the solar system formed around 4,6 billion years ago.
Hayabusa Two is expected to return to Earth in late 2020 carrying samples for further analysis.
It may take some time to determine how the operation went.
The Small Carry-On Impactor separated from Japan's Hayabusa2 spacecraft April 4, 2019 (April 5 JST) in order to slam down into asteroid Ryugu. This image was captured by Hayabusa2's optical navigation camera from about 500 meters above Ryugu.
Update: JAXA officials announced this morning (April 5) that the impactor did indeed hit Ryugu. Mission team members are now working to confirm that a detectable crater was generated.
A Japanese spacecraft deployed a heavy, explosive-packed copper plate toward the asteroid Ryugu in an attempt to create an artificial crater last night (April 4), but it's still unclear how the dramatic operation went.
The Hayabusa2 spacecraft, which has been studying the 3,000-foot-wide (900 meters) Ryugu up close since last June, released a 4.4-lb. (2 kilograms) hunk of copper late last night, along with a camera known as DCAM3 to record this "Small Carry-on Impactor" (SCI) operation.
"The spacecraft state is normal and it was confirmed that the evacuation operation, the separation of the SCI and DCAM3 went as planned. The SCI separation and evacuation sequence were a success," mission team members wrote on Twitter around 2 a.m. EDT (0600 GMT and 3 p.m. Japan time) today (April 5).
An onboard explosive charge was scheduled to detonate last night at 10:36 p.m. EDT (0236 GMT and 11:36 a.m. Japan time this morning), sending the plate hurtling toward Ryugu's boulder-strewn surface at about 4,500 mph (7,240 km/h).
But the detonation, and the resulting impact, had not yet been confirmed as of the time of this writing.
[SCI] April 5 at 12:45 JST. The operation is steadily progressing. The control room was crowded with people, but now about 20 people are working here.
HAYABUSA2@JAXA@haya2e_jaxa
[SCI] April 5 at 13:45 JST: Gate 5 was confirmed. The spacecraft state is normal and it was confirmed that the evacuation operation, the separation of the SCI and DCAM3 went as planned. The SCI separation and evacuation sequence were a success.
This procedure wasn't for entertainment — instead, it will help scientists understand Ryugu's interior.
During the carefully choreographed procedure, the Hayabusa2 mothership retreated behind the asteroid, for safety. (That's the "evacuation" the mission team mentioned in the above tweet.)
The main drama played out over the course of about 40 minutes, from the impactor's deployment to the (presumed) impact itself. But, provided it was successful, the operation will occupy scientists for much longer as they pore over images captured during the procedure. The researchers hope that by watching how debris flies away from the crater, they'll be able to better understand what Ryugu is made of.
Over the next two weeks or so, the main Hayabusa2 spacecraft will slowly creep out of hiding and return to its "home position" about 12.4 miles (20 kilometers) above Ryugu's surface.
If all goes well, Hayabusa2 will take a closer look at the crater itself to study the interior of the asteroid, where radiation hasn't affected the rock. The team running the mission even hopes they'll be able to grab a sample of material from this location, to add to the surface sample the probe collected in February.
Indeed, Hayabusa2 has been extremely busy during its time at Ryugu. In addition to the sample-collection and SCI activities, the probe has studied the asteroid in detail and released two hopping minirovers and a 22-lb. (10 kg) lander onto the space rock's surface.
And Hayabusa2 still has one more tool to deploy: MINERVA-II 2, a third, tiny, hopping rover, similar to those the probe deployed in September. The mission team currently hopes to send MINERVA-II 2 out onto Ryugu's surface late this summer.
After that task is complete, all that's left for Hayabusa2 to do is head back to Earth, carrying with it precious souvenirs of the space rock it will have spent a year and a half studying.
That sample is scheduled to come down under parachute in December 2020, in a special return capsule.
The Chitauri in the Zulu traditions: an alien race reptile beyond fiction.
The Chitauri in the Zulu traditions: an alien race reptile beyond fiction.
We should not be surprised if we discover that some themes and characters that appear in science fiction movies or, as in this case, superheroes are not totally false, but in fact the old traditions and stories talk about it. That is the case of «Los Chitauri», a "fictitious" alien race popularized after the premiere of the movie "Avengers"....
The Chitauri in "Avengers" are an extraterrestrial race that aims to conquer Earth and subdue us all. The Chitauri in reality, according to some ancient Zulu traditions, would be extraterrestrial beings of reptilian aspect and that would have had direct contact with humans in the past and that they would even have carried out their sinister plans, and that possibly t...
Interview with Credo Mutwa
The writer and lecturer David Icke , known and questioned for disseminating in his works the idea that there is a hidden force that controls humanity, interviewed in 1998 the African Shaman Credo Mutwa , which transmitted ancient traditions of Zulu wisdom. Here it is worth noting that Credo Mutwa possesses the degree of Zanuzzi (Zulu Shaman...
The knowledge that the Shaman Credo Mutwa gives in the conversation with David Icke comprises a legacy of wisdom, coming from African ethnic groups, with respect to the existence of ancient and diverse races apparently of extraterrestrial origin, that arrived centuries ago to the Earth. One of these races is known as: Chitauri ( beings Reptiloides or Reptilians )....
The word Chitauri means "dictators, those who dictate the law". In other words, "they tell us, secretly, what we have to do."...
Mutwa described them as very tall, almost 3 meters tall, and with different social classes. The upper class, royalty, are described with several horns on their heads, with wings and a huge tail. On the other hand, the warrior class or lower class are described with large eyes of vertical pupils, round face without horns, without wings and without tail....
The following text is an excerpt from the testimonies about Chitauri beings, which David Icke received in the interview with Credo Mutwa:...
Human beings of past times could not speak, they did not have the gift of language, they only made sounds similar to those made by monkeys and baboons. People communicated through the mind (telepathy). A man could call his wife thinking about her, thinking about various characteristics of her body, such as her face, or aroma, her hair. Men and women could also move o...
A hunter went out into the bush and called the animals, the animals sent the specimen that was older and more tired, he knelt before the man so that he could kill him quickly and take the meat. At that time there was no violence against animals. There was no violence against nature. The man asked for food from nature, he approached one of the trees and thought about ...
Until, one day up in the sky, terrible objects appeared, similar to giant spheres that shone like the brightest gold, they were as big as mountains and more. They came from the sky making a tremendous noise, emanating fire. "...
The story of Credo Mutwa continues:...
From those huge objects came others that looked like deep plates that threw fire and noise, and winds that raised a lot of dust and blinded the view. From those objects came: the Chitauri, which according to Credo Mutwa can be hybrid, humanoid and intelligent creatures, the product of an ancient realization of extraterrestrial genetic engineering, which was based on ...
The Chitauri, they told the humans (who were gathered using violence, that is lightning bolts of energy), that they were the great gods of heaven, and that they would give them the great gifts, as long as they worshiped them and accept as their creator gods. They also promised to return gods to humans, if they accepted them; and the humans agreed....
When the Chitauri arrived, the humans were divided, both in spirit and language. Then, the Chitauri gave strange feelings to human beings. The humans began to feel insecure, and began to build villages with strong wooden fences. They began to create tribes and the borders between territories were created, which defended themselves to death; thus originating wars, gre...
They (the Chitauri) like to put humans against humans; they enjoy making us their slaves without us being aware of it. "...
Credo Mutwa continues:...
The Chitauri feed on the energy that human beings provide them. They are the cause of the disputes between groups, fear and terror. When a large mass of people are angry or fearful, the Chitauri feed on that energy. They feed on what we call 'The Dark Power'....
The following video shows the interview conducted by David Icke with Credo Mutwa , where the legacy of old African ethnic groups is transmitted and they have to do with extraterrestrial races that came into contact with humans in antiquity, in order to submit....
Science fiction is fast becoming a reality now! Sci-fi has inspired serious real-life researches where Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a buzzword.
India embarked on the high road of automation by using a robot for police work. Police Headquarters in the state capital of Kerala, the southwestern state of India, has sworn in a robot cop named KP-Bot.
The humanoid robot wouldn’t be out on the streets fighting crime
Its primary responsibility is to greet visitors in the front lobby, arranging appointments with officers, filing grievances, provide identity cards and direct the visitors to different locations in the police station.
If someone tries to bribe it, it will register a case against that person
This female-featured robot has been given the rank of a Sub Inspector and it knows how to salute the officers. The idea was made into reality by state based start-up Asimov Robotics. Its CEO Jayakrishnan said “In the next phase, we will be training KP-BOT to recognize and respond to Malayalam speech. There would be various kinds of petitioners, and so she would be trained in understanding their emotional state of mind and also in booking those who attempt to bribe her”
AFPEen opname uit maart laat zien hoe gruis opspat van Ryugu, nadat Hayabusa2 er kogeltjes op afvuurde.
WETENSCHAP & PLANEETDe Japanse ruimtesonde Hayabusa2 heeft met succes een ‘bom’ op asteroïde Ryugu gegooid. Na het afwerpen van de zogenaamde ‘impactor’, een twee kilogram wegend projectiel van koper dat een krater in het oppervlak van de ruimterots moest blazen, maakte het ruimtevaartuig zich snel uit de voeten. Dit om opspattende scherven te ontwijken. Met succes.
Het doel van Hayabusa is het achterhalen van de samenstelling van Ryugu en daarmee aanwijzingen over het ontstaan van ons zonnestelsel. Het afwerpen van het projectiel was de meest risicovolle opdracht voor de sonde tot nu toe. Het koperen explosief ter grootte van een basketbal boorde zich met een vaart van twee kilometer per seconde in de asteroïde. Uit data van de sonde kon worden afgeleid dat Hayabusa zich in veiligheid had kunnen brengen. Alles doet het nog.
Na lancering van het projectiel vloog Hayabusa snel naar de andere kant van Ryugu. Terwijl de sonde de benen nam, liet hij een camera achter om opnamen van de inslag te maken. De eerste foto’s lieten zien hoe de ‘bom’ zich succesvol richting de asteroïde begeeft. “Tot nu toe heeft Hayabusa2 alles volgens plan gedaan”, zegt missieleider Makoto Yoshikawa. “We zijn in de zevende hemel, maar het is nog te vroeg voor een feestje.”
APNa de lancering liet een camera zien hoe de impactor koers zetten naar Ryugu.
Monsters
Ruimtevaartorganisatie JAXA stuurt de ruimteverkenner later, als het opgeworpen stof en puin is neergedaald, terug naar de plek van de inslag. Hayabusa zal dan monsters nemen van het bij de inslag vrijgekomen materiaal, dat gedurende miljarden jaren onder de grond nooit is blootgesteld aan de zon of ruimtestraling. De wetenschappers hopen dat het ruimtepuin iets kan vertellen over het ontstaan van Ryugu én onze planeet.
In februari zette Hayabusa2 met succes voet aan de grond op Ryugu, dat zich in een baan tussen die van de Aarde en Mars bevindt. Op een vlak stukje van de ruimterots, die is vernoemd naar een onderwaterpaleis uit een Japanse legende, nam de verkenner al wat stofmonsters. Als alles verder volgens plan verloopt, verlaat het apparaat Ryugu tegen het einde van dit jaar. Met zijn voor de wetenschap kostbare lading zien de Japanners hem terug op aarde in het najaar van 2020.
Als het vervolg van de operatie net zo goed verloopt als vandaag is het de eerste keer dat een ruimtesonde gruis van een asteroïde meeneemt. NASA voerde in januari 2005 de missie ‘Deep Impact’ uit. Na een reis van zes maanden kwam de Amerikaanse sonde op 3 juli aan bij de komeet Tempel 1. Ook die blies een hap uit het ruimteobject, maar zag geen kans materiaal te verzamelen.
AP
Vreugde bij de missieleiders van JAXA na de geslaagde inslag op de asteroïde.
AP
Vandaag liet Hayabusa2 een projectiel los op het oppervlak van asteroïde Ryugu.
EPA
Het plan is dat Hayabusa2 later nogmaals afdaalt op Ryugu en monsters neemt.
APDe schaduw van Hayabusa2 op het oppervlak van Ryugu.
A photograph of a recent UFO sighting over Arizona has many people comparing its shape to a famous painting that has come to be known as the “Madonna of the UFO” because of a strange flying-saucer-ish object in an upper corner. Is the Arizona object a ship? Is the Madonna UFO? Are they related or the same? Is this a ploy by art majors and museum curators to get people interested in paintings again?
“Oval in shape, on zoom appeared to have some sort of landing appendages.”
They had UFO trackers at “landing apendages.” This summary and the single photograph was sent to MUFON on April 3, 2019, but was taken on March 23, 2019. According to case #99519, the sighting took place in San Tan Valley, a Phoenix suburb near Arizona’s San Tan mountains. The “landing appendages” can be seen under severe magnification (see magnified photos here courtesy of TexasUFOs) and, while the appendages description is true, the ‘landing’ part is … imaginative.
Oval in shape, on zoom appeared to have some sort of landing appendages.
“A black speck in the sky above plane contrails. From the camera image on zoom the shape was a dome like 1/2 of a ball. There were appendages from the sides and the bottom of the rim of the structure.”
Always throw in “contrails” if you want to get picked up by search bots, even if they’re not obvious in the photo. Comments compare the object to a jellyfish-type UFO and it definitely could be an unusual drone (where are the props?) or a balloon. The most interesting observations noted its resemblance to the “Madonna of the UFO” painting.
Madonna of the UFO
The painting is generally referred to as “Madonna and Child with the Infant St John,” which is a common grouping painted by many artists, including Leonardo da Vinci. The web site Florence Inferno says this one’s artist is unknown but suspected to be either Sebastiano Mainardi, Jacopo del Sellaio or Filippo Lippi. The UFO version is located in the Hall of Hercules on the second floor of the Palazzo Vecchio, the town hall of Florence and a major museum of art. Prior to that, it was at the convent of Sant’Orsola in the district of San Lorenzo in Florence.
This particular Madonna and Child with the Infant St. John is the only one with what appears to be a UFO in the background being watched by a shepherd and his dog. While it looks like a flying blob, many have come to believe it’s a flying saucer or alien ship and proof that ETs visited Earth either at the time of the birth of Jesus or at least at the time it was painted. Art historians say it’s most likely a representation of an angel in a cloud, possibly a depiction of the angel Gabriel announcing to Mary that she would bear the Messiah. The rays fit the descriptions of angels being surrounded by bright light and a shepherd covering his eyes in the presence of a clouded angle is seen in other paintings of that era. To further confuse both UFO believers and Christians, in the upper left-hand corner is the Nativity Star and three smaller stars meant to represent the Madonna’s virginity before, during, and after childbirth. Throwing all of these events into one painting of Jesus playing with his cousin John the Baptist means it’s far from historically accurate, but at least it explains the UFO.
Or does it?
What about the sighting in Arizona? There don’t seem to be any other eyewitness reports, which puts the needle on the balloon or drone side. On the other hand, Phoenix news stations were recently playing an audio account released by the FAA of two commercial pilots discussing a UFO, possibly reflections off of a weather balloon, over Arizona in February. The Fox news reportmentions that Arizona has had “more than 4,500 reported UFO sightings dating back to 2001.” And … Phoenix! You know, the lights. Like a high fly ball to deep left field, they’re all up in the air.
Spring training is over, Arizonans! Get back to watching for UFOs!
While some groups are lobbying governments to ban sending messages into space revealing our existence to possibly hostile aliens, the Raelian movement – a UFO religion whose members believe Earth was created by humanoid extraterrestrials – are asking the United Nations to help them choose a country where they can build an embassy for welcoming the ETs to our planet with open arms. They designated the first Saturday in April as “ET Embassy Day” and claim a number of countries are interested in hosting the embassy. Why?
“More and more countries are showing interest as it becomes obvious that an extraterrestrial civilization is preparing our Humanity for an official contact, through an ever-increasing number of UFO appearances and very complex crop circles all over the world.”
The announcement about ET Embassy Day was made by Daniel Turcotte, a Raelian Guide (guides are religious leaders) and assistant to Rael, the founder of the religion when he was known as Claude Vorilhon, a French race car driver and racing journalist until a fateful day in 1973 when he was visited by a member of the Elohim, the alien beings he now believes started the human race some 25,000 years ago. You may recognize ‘Elohim’ as a name for God from the Hebrew bible, but it means “those who came from the sky” to Raelians. The Elohim visitor told Vorilhon he was chosen to write a book (Le Livre qui dit la vérité or The Book Which Tells the Truth), change his name to Rael and spread the word that the Elohim will be coming back someday. In fact, they did in 1975 to take him to another planet to meet Buddha, Moses, Jesus and Muhammad.
As unbelievable as that sounds, Rael managed to recruit members into the movement – it appears to have over 100,000 in 90 countries – and is spreading the Elohim message of peace and love through guides like Turcotte, who delivered his call to the UN from Geneva.
“We are confident that the UN will hear out and acknowledge the growing number of people who care for a proper and formal welcome for an out-worldly civilization. While some countries wrongfully anticipate an invasion by an armed extraterrestrial civilization and are preparing to go to war against them, we must offset such an outdated and belligerent position with a worldwide movement of peace, and educate people that only peace can come from the stars. And if the UN doesn’t take the lead, then the countries we are in discussions with will.”
“The countries we are in discussions with will.” Is that a veiled threat? It seems strange that an extraterrestrial species that allegedly created the human race and has visited the planet before suddenly needs an embassy to host its return visit. They certainly don’t need a safe haven for running their operation on Earth. However, Rael and the Raelians might. Their religious views include very open sexual relations of all types and very early sex education, which some governments object to (Switzerland and South Korea are two).
We definitely could use more peace and love around the world. Do we really need Rael and the Elohim to accomplish that? And even if they could, why do they need the UN’s help?
Let’s see what happens on ET Embassy Day. I hope there’s a parade.
The late Mac Tonniestold me only a couple of months before his death: “After devouring countless books on the UFO controversy and the paranormal, I began to acknowledge that the extraterrestrial hypothesis suffered [from] some tantalizing flaws. In short, the ‘aliens’ seemed more like surreal caricatures of ourselves than beings possessing the god-like technology one might plausibly expect from interstellar visitors. I came to the realization that the extraterrestrial hypothesis isn’t strange enough to encompass the entirety of occupant cases.” It was this same realization which made Tonnies look elsewhere. Not to the stars. Not to the galaxies. And not to the world around us. Rather, to the world directly and deeply below us. The theory Tonnies developed was that, perhaps, some of the intelligences behind the UFO phenomenon are not extraterrestrial or inter-dimensional, as many assume or believe them to be, after all. He calledthem the Cryptoterrestrials.
Rather, he was following the idea that the so-called “Grays” and many of the other bizarre humanoid creatures seen and presumed to have alien origins, were from right here, on Earth. Tonnies offered the theory that his aliens of the terrestrial variety are, actually, a very ancient and advanced body of people. They are closely related to us, and have lived alongside us in secret – deep underground – for countless millennia. And, perhaps in fortified mountains too, not unlike the U.S. military’s Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Station in Colorado Springs, Colorado, which exists under 2,000-feet of granite. Tonnies added to me: “If we’re dealing with humanoid beings that evolved here on Earth, some of the problems vanish. I envision the Cryptoterrestrials engaged in a process of subterfuge, bending our belief systems to their own ends. And I suggest that this has been occurring, in one form or another, for an extraordinarily long time. I think there’s a good deal of folkloric and mythological evidence pointing in this direction, and I find it most interesting that so many descriptions of ostensible ‘aliens’ seem to reflect staged events designed to misdirect witnesses and muddle their perceptions.”
Tonnies offered me the following, too, on the matter of what have become known as Contactees – those to whom the very human-looking aliens of the 1950s and 1960s appeared. Tonnies noted to me of these extremely human-looking entities: “Commentators regularly assume that all the Contactees werelying or else delusional. But if we’re experiencing a staged reality, some of the beings encountered by the Contactees might have been real; and the common messages of universal brotherhood could have been a sincere attempt to curb our destructive tendencies. The extraterrestrial guise would have served as a prudent disguise, neatly misdirecting our attention and leading us to ask the wrong questions; which we’re still asking with no substantial results.”
As for why the cryptoterrestrials opted to head and dwell deep underground – when they had the entire planet above them on which to reside – it may have been due to nothing less than critical, panic-filled necessity provoked by war, suggested Tonnies. In eras long gone, and faced with irradiated landscapes, flattened cities, and untold millions dead, heading deep below the surface of the planet may have been the only way for the survivors to continue to live on, he suggested. The deadly fall-out – coupled with the “every man for himself”-style carnage that was undoubtedly breaking out among the ragged, sick survivors of the wars who stayed topside – would be a dark but vital incentive to stay way below the surface. And, maybe they chose to remain there permanently, rather than one day surfacing to reclaim the territory that was once theirs. Until, that is, they destroyed it.
In addition, Tonnies theorized that in today’s world the cryptoterrestrials may well be declining, in terms of both their numbers and their health. He mused on the possibility that this may be due to continuing genetic issues provoked by the effects of ancient atomic wars. If, one day, we resort to the unthinkable, and global, atomic war erupts all around us, the after-effects – massive death and destruction, the onset of a so-called “nuclear winter,” and the terrible toll that radiation poisoning would wreak upon the straggling survivors – would ensure recovery would likely take not just centuries. It would probably take thousands of years. Far more likely, however, our civilization would never recover. It would be largely erased from the planet and, eventually, from memory, too.
Instead, we would eventually see the birth of a new, savage and primitive civilization – one far smaller than ours in size and scope, probably almost completely lacking in technology, and filled with stunted, illiterate, sick people possessing nothing but legend-like memories of the mysterious people who came before them and who suddenly vanished in a violent, fiery, planet-wide Armageddon. Namely, us. And, with the progression of time, those memories would almost certainly fragment to the point where, eventually, we would become like the Atlanteans – nothing but the fabled inhabitants of a fantastically advanced society that most people believe to be little more than folklore and mythology. Tonnies also suggested that the cryptoterrestrials might make use of a great deal of subterfuge, camouflage and deception to try and ensure they appear far more in advance of us, when – in reality, today – they may not be struggling to hang onto their society and their ailing health.
Mac Tonnies also had a very interesting theory as to why our supposed aliens – who may well have been his cryptoterrestrials – constantly warn abductees and contactees that we should not destroy, or pollute, our planet. Let’s face it, why would extraterrestrials from countless light-years away care even in the slightest about our small, insignificant world, about what we decide to do with it, and about our massive atomic arsenals? A most reasonable argument could be made that they wouldn’t care. Why should they? If, however, some of them are actually cryptoterrestrials who – due to circumstances beyond both their and our control – are forced to secretly share the planet with us, then their need to see the Earth preserved wouldn’t just be a wish or a desire. It would, for their continued survival, be an overwhelming necessity – even if they dwell deep below the planet’s surface. They would be all too well aware of the terrible mistakes they made thousands of years ago.
Therefore, they would also know how important it would be to try and ensure we don’t follow their mistake-filled path. In that sense, their seeming concern for us is actually a concern for them. And, considering what they may have gone through in the distant past, they could hardly be blamed for that. Such theories are most assuredly not new ones: tales, stories, myths and legends of advanced, humanoid entities living deep below the planet’s surface have circulated not just for decades or hundreds of years, but for thousands of years. Of course, there’s nothing new about tales and theories of ancient “underground civilizations.” Mac Tonnies just brought the scenario to a new audience in a new era.
Going back through the centuries and embedded within the folklore of a wide range of regions is the idea of a species of demon in female form, which appear to seduce men and steal their life energy. Most commonly called the succubus, which comes from the Latin word succuba, meaning “paramour,” these demons take on various appearances and are endowed with different powers depending on the tradition, but most generally follow the idea that they use sexual activity to target their prey, often in the realm of dreams, enticing and pulling their victims in to hold close and feed off of. Sex demons of this variety are represented in one form or another across geographical boundaries and religions including Christianity, Judaism, and Islam, as well as the legends of myriad far-flung cultures. Considering that it is men we are talking about here, many of the legends describe the experience as rather enjoyable in the heat of the moment, but the aftermath often is said to bring exhaustion, stupor, hallucinations, insanity, and even death, but this must surely be just myths, right? Surely there can’t be anything to the idea of sex-starved demons preying on men? Well, you might be surprised to know that there are numerous accounts throughout the centuries of supposed encounters with these demonic vixens.
Supposed encounters with real succubi go way back in time. An very early supposedly real account comes from the 11th century, when Gerbert of Aurillac, who became Pope Sylvester II (999-1003), one day met a mysterious woman as a young man. The woman called herself Meridiana, and offered him all of the sins of the flesh and lust-filled sex that he could ever want beyond his wildest dreams, as well as wealth, good fortune, and knowledge of the mystical arts, if he would only stay faithful to her and her alone. Gerbert would purportedly agree to these terms, and subsequently rose quickly up the ranks of the church, all while satisfying his every carnal desire with Meridiana, quite against his vows and all kept secret, of course. This went on until one day the woman predicted that Gerbert, who was by that time Pope, would die for his sins. He would repent and die just as predicted, and to this day it is said that his grave “sweats” just before the death of a Pope. Legend or not? Whatever it was, it is widely said that this mysterious woman was a succubus.
In the 17th century we have the tale of a man named Johannes Junius, who was the Burgomeister of Bamberg and convicted of witchcraft and burned at the stake in 1628. Before his execution, he had confessed that in 1624 he had been seduced by a woman who revealed herself to be a succubus and demanded that he renounce God. The frightened man had then taken the name “Krix,” a warlock name, and had even been provided with his own familiar, and from then on he became further and further hopelessly involved with the world of witches and their sabbats, attending black masses and often reported as riding about on a horrific flying black dog. Through all of this he adamantly insisted that he had refused to sacrifice humans, despite being implored by his succubus lover to do so, but he paid for his ways nevertheless. It seems that the era was rife with accused witches blaming succubi for their actions, because this account is similar to a 16th century account recorded by author Nicholas Remy, who said that there had once been a sheep herder who had been accused of witchcraft and sentenced to die. Before he was burned he too claimed that he had been seduced and corrupted by a succubus disguised as a milkmaid, who had come to him in a dark time for him and twisted his mind and soul with her charms.
In later centuries there is an account from the 19th century, when a popular French author named J.K. Huysmans claimed that he had fallen under the spell of a succubus. At the time he had purportedly been on a pilgrimage to a monastery. One night during his retreat he apparently was visited in his dream by the foul demon, who pleasured him right to the point of intense climax before he woke up to see her fading away right before his eyes. Thinking it all to be a dream, he was soon convinced it was real when he discovered the form of the woman indented into his bed next to him and could smell her scent int the air. He believed at the time that the succubus had spirited away his semen in order to use to fertilize human women by the male form of the demon, the incubus. Reports like this have gone on all the way into much more modern times, such as one in 2007, with a commenter on Unexplained Mysteries, who says he was kept awake for 3 days straight by some seductive demonic force, after which things escalated quickly. He says:
I felt something touch my hand, not physically, but something deeper, down to my soul, and it warmed me while I was lying in bed wondering what was going to happen to me. I was completely awake, but another post could describe the world I saw. I remember most of what happened so vividly. Her touch was perfect, and her master in the art beyond my imagination. I couldn’t see her – I just felt sensations on my body and talked with her in my mind. She bid me to take her to a quiet place where my parents wouldn’t hear, so I went out to the car in the dark.
Things further progressed sexually, and my energies were absolutely phenomenal – she always did the perfect thing to keep me going. As things progressed, I could begin to see more of her. The one thing that caught my eyes the most were hers – when I looked into them, I saw the stars and the heavens and thought of the atoms and matter that make each one, but all of that was still not enough to justify the eyes. They pointed me to another world, and all of what I saw in them pointed to an innocent desire to make love. Her body was effervescent, it changed according to what would arouse me the most, and I could not see her breasts or private parts – they were numb to the eyes. It was her hair, body type, skin color, ethnicity that all changed. She would morph seamlessly, moment by moment.
Another prominent feature of the experience was her scent. It was incredibly intoxicating, like a sort of indescribable flower with intimate features. It reminded me of everything that is good and beautiful in the world, and it described what I saw in her eyes. All of her touch – it wasn’t so much physical as it was much, much deeper. The whole nature of the experience was so innocent. I felt no guilt, no darkness, no lust whatsoever. The focus was on pleasing her, and in turn she wished to please me. She would often giggle and I felt as though we were in the Garden of Eden, making love for the first time in all creation, and that God had given her such a magnificent gift of doing so – I didn’t believe that, but that’s the closest way my mind could describe it.
She brought me to a certain point where I felt I could go no further, never achieving climax yet during the experience. All of a sudden, she broke down crying, telling me that I would be going through a very hard time. Just then, I saw a vision and felt presences around me. I was reminded of Christ and his experiences leading up to his crucifixion with visual hallucinations, and I saw the spiritual side of what was happening to him. I asked her who she was, and she didn’t answer. I saw that she understood that she could not understand the pain that i had just witnessed. After 6 hours from her first touch, she worked me to an incredible climax.
In another report from 2010, a commenter on the same site says he was accosted by a succubus as he lay down to sleep one night. The witness says:
It was a night like any other. Before going to bed I usually meditate for 15-30 minutes, I do this to clear my mind so that I can get a good nights sleep. I had in the past tried to call a succubus, but always with questionable results. Nothing that would convince me that something really came. At this particular night in February 20010 I had made no special preparations. No spells or rituals. Just simple breath exercises and a blank mind.
It happened suddenly and without forewarning. My chest tightened. I felt as if I was jolted by electricity. A sensation that started in my chest and spread out to my abdomen. The sensation was so strong that at first I thought I was fiercely hugged. But I opened my eyes and saw nothing. I decided to lay down and relax. The next thing I felt was a gentle touch on both my legs which slid upwards. Not just a breeze but a real touch. I could feel fingers below my pajamas. My legs parted and felt as if they where floating on air.
The next thing I felt I can only describe as the most intense sexual feeling that I ever had. It was like a pulse vibrated throughout my own body. So strong that I actually moaned in ecstasy. And it did not stop. The feeling of hands over my body. The erotic spasms, and a pressure on my legs that felt as if someone was sitting on them. At the height of my pleasure I actually saw a very hazy shape over me. Although i could not see a distinct form, I could feel that it was female in nature.
I had often asked the question in the past “What is your name”. And I would get all kinds of names in my head. But I was always pretty sure that it was just my imagination. But when I asked that night, I got a clear name, so alien to the thoughts of my own mind that it was clear that it was not my own mind playing tricks. I remember going to bed at 10pm. The next thing I knew it was almost 2am. It felt like 10 minutes for me. This was my first real encounter with a “Succubus”, and I can say that my life forever changed after this first encounter.
Were these just some randy and very naughty dreams or something more? In around the same time period was another report relayed on Reddit, by a poster who says his mental and physical health had begun to take a turn for the worse. He was experiencing delusions of worthlessness and being driven to suicidal thoughts as a result, and one evening during this dark time he says he had a rather odd encounter. He says:
I was having a dream, semi-lucid or maybe just really vivid. a old friend was there, we or they were getting on a bus. For whatever reason I focus on this lady who was trying to get on the bus that’s when I wake up. It’s gross even to think about but this entity, what i call the succubus, was trying to get back into my body, the dream triggered something or maybe the dream was a reflection of some subconscious action I took but the “reiki” weakened it’s grip on me and it was trying to get back in.
Purely by instinct I just concentrated on keeping this thing out and it was working and I just sat up in anger and this thing is cast away. I call it a succubus only because I feel like it was attached near my genitals, influenced/drove me sexually. It wasn’t much how it’s portrayed in popular media for me though in the dream I guess It was disguised as a women. Also it was a feminine entity whatever that means. I could draw a pic but it was about the size of a big cat, it’s silly but it’s lower body is how they portray ghost I guess like Casper but its upper half was more humanoid. So a ghost like tail and a humanoid head.
The humanoid part always creeps me out because this thing was sentient and fairly intelligent but still behaved like a parasite. And worse it was attached in me for a long time….a humanoid like being, ugh. So this is what I think. I was more promiscuous back then so I think I “caught it”. I’m one of those sensitive types so I think that’s why it was attracted to me. I think it was feeding on me for a long time and those leeches things were babies in a sort of way. It was all feed, reproduce, spread. I read online that these entities also “feed” on negative energies which is why it was driving me to kill myself like one of those parasites that affects ants and forces them to kill itself so it can feed, bloom and spread.
It does seem to feed into the lore of the succubus, with her feeding on negative energies and using sexual angle to do so. Is this a tall tale or what? In 2011 we have an account from a witness on the site Your Ghost Stories, who says this happened at his home in San Rafael, California. He had just broken up with his ex, and he had been left alone in that empty apartment they had once shared. One evening he says he was visited by something not wholly of this earth, of which he says:
I was just chilling in my room on Facebook when I felt a light tingling sensation on the back of my neck. I reached back and felt nothing there. I resumed what I was doing. About 5 minutes later, I felt a hand close gently on my shoulder. I felt secure. I closed my eyes. I heard a voice in my head saying that everything would get better. I asked it if it really meant it. As soon as the words had come out of my mouth, it kissed the back of my neck, and said that it would be there for me.
I closed my computer and turned to face whoever it was. What I saw next only cannot be described with mere words. It was like a goddess and a demon in one. I was speechless. It led me to my bed and had me lie down. I did as I was told. She then proceeded to lie down next to me and curl up in my arms. I kissed her head. She ran a hand down from my cheek to my chest and slowly lifted my shirt up and off. You can probably imagine what happened next. I then woke up and she was still there next to me. She whispered in my ear that she would come back and reveal who she was when the time came. Since then, I have not had any contact with her.
In 2012 there is also a witness named Ethan on ThoughtCo, who says this happened as he was living in Bakersfield, California. He says that this bizarre encounter happened one day after he had returned from school and tried to get ready for the homework that lie ahead. He lay down for a moment and ended up crashing out, but this was not meant to last. According to the report:
He fell asleep instantly but did not sleep soundly. He dreamt that an evil being was in his home and it was trying to get into his room. It finally broke in, and as soon as it did, Ethan jolted awake with a ringing sound in his ears. Ethan felt the demon; it was on the wall behind his head, holding Ethan’s limbs down. It had something in his ears, and his left ear began to vibrate violently. The strange sensation spread to his right ear, as well.
Ethan fought as best he could, but could not break free. He cursed at the being and tried to free his arms or legs. The demon only laughed at him, an eerie and horrific sound that was neither deep nor high-pitched. The demon cried out “soon!” and released Ethan. Ethan sat up rapidly, leaping out of the bed to turn on the lights. But when light flooded his bedroom, there was nothing out of the ordinary. However, Ethan’s dogs were acting abnormal, barking, leaping at the door and trying desperately to get to their owner.
He went to the bathroom and was startled to see his reflection in the mirror. His eyes were bloodshot, with the whites of the eyes completely red. Ethan realized he had been visited by a succubus demon. Ethan remains terrified of the demon returning but has not had another incident ever since.
There are many more such reports, and it leaves us asking a question. Are these just legends born of men being horny and having suggestive thoughts or dreams, or is there something more to the whole succubus phenomenon? The main rational explanation for all of this is that it is legends based around a phenomenon known as “sleep paralysis,” in which we wake in a domain between sleep and wakefulness, where dreams can continue on and be perceived as being very real. Since we are kept in our paralytic sleep state we can feel as if we cannot move, and the dream figure can take on many forms depending on what we expect to see. This explanation has been used to try to explain away everything from ghost sightings to alien abductions, to of course succubi. Is that what we are dealing with here? Our sleepy mind playing tricks on us and invoking these illusions and hallucinations, perhaps in this case flavored with sexual frustration? It is unknown, but the fact is that the phenomenon of the succubus has been with us across cultures for hundreds of years, and shows no signs of waning.
Scientists are taking a closer look at a set of ancient teeth, first discovered in the 1970s but thought to have originated more than 200,000 years ago, under the suspicion that they could reveal a previously unknown human relative.
The four teeth were first discovered in the Yanhui Cave, located in Southern China's Tongzi county, between 1972 and 1983.
At the time, they were classified as Homo erectus, a primitive human species that could walk upright and dates back 1.8 million years ago.
Now, a team of researchers from the Centro Nacional de Investigacion sobre la Evolucion Humana (CENIEH) believe the teeth could have originated from either Homo erectus or their more advanced counterpart, Neanderthals, or possibly some other mysterious, hybrid group.
Scientists are taking a closer look at a set of ancient teeth, first discovered in the 1970s, under the suspicion that they could reveal a previously unknown human relative
To come to this conclusion, the researchers used modern methods like geometric morphometrical analysis, which primarily examines the change of shape, and Micro-Computed Tomography, or x-ray imaging in 3D.
Researchers said the teeth can be dated back to approximately 172,000 to 240,000 years ago.
As part of their analysis, they compared the Tongzi teeth to hominims from the same chronological period - the later part of the Middle Pleistocene epoch - and the surrounding areas of East Asia, according to the study.
While they looked at many comparative samples, the researchers are unsure just who exactly the teeth belong to.
Scientists believe the teeth may be linked to Homo erectus (reconstruction, pictured) or the Neanderthals. However, without more fossilized evidence, they can't really be sure
The teeth were first discovered in the Yanhui Cave, located in Southern China's Tongzi county, between 1972 and 1983. Scientists are unsure just who exactly the teeth belong to
In an attempt to pinpoint their origin, researchers looked at the structures and patterns of the Tongzi teeth, according to National Geographic.
They also compared the teeth to modern-day tooth samples from East Asia, as well as other regions including West Asia, Africa and Europe.
It proved to be even more puzzling, when they discovered the dentine, or tissue below the enamel, didn't appear to have the same crinkles found in Homo erectus, National Geographic reported.
Pictured is Jose Maria Bermudez, one of the co-authors of the CENIEH research
Instead, the teeth had more simple features akin to those in Neanderthals, but they still weren't a perfect match.
One possible theory is that the teeth could originate from the Denisovan ancestry, a mysterious hominim population that split off from the Neanderthals about 400,000 years ago.
The teeth had some similarities to tooth fossils from the Denisovans, but they weren't located in the same place in the mouth, making it hard to reach a definite conclusion.
'An abundant amount of genetic information has been collected from the Denisovans but there are very few fossil remains,' CENIEH explained.
'Therefore, both their physical appearance and their identification in the fossil record remain a mystery.'
Another possibility could be that the teeth came from a hybrid of two different hominims.
The teeth are thought to have originated as far back as 172,000 to 240,000 years ago. They were found in the Yanhui Cave, in China's Tongzi country in Guizhou Province (pictured)
For example, if the Denisovans crossed paths with Homo erectus, they could have interbred to create the group that produced this particular teeth sample, National Geographic noted.
Until they can get their hands on more fossilized evidence, the origination of the teeth remains unclear, however.
'More genetic and fossil discoveries would be necessary to evaluate the taxonomy of the non-erectus populations of the Middle Pleistocene, such as the Tongzi hominids, which could be good candidates for the Denisovan ancestry,' said Maria Martinon-Torres, one of the co-authors of the study.
WHEN DID HUMAN ANCESTORS FIRST EMERGE?
The timeline of human evolution can be traced back millions of years. Experts estimate that the family tree goes as such:
55 million years ago - First primitive primates evolve
15 million years ago - Hominidae (great apes) evolve from the ancestors of the gibbon
7 million years ago - First gorillas evolve. Later, chimp and human lineages diverge
A recreation of a Neanderthal man is pictured
5.5 million years ago - Ardipithecus, early 'proto-human' shares traits with chimps and gorillas
4 million years ago - Ape like early humans, the Australopithecines appeared. They had brains no larger than a chimpanzee's but other more human like features
3.9-2.9 million years ago - Australoipithecus afarensis lived in Africa.
2.7 million years ago - Paranthropus, lived in woods and had massive jaws for chewing
2.6 million years ago - Hand axes become the first major technological innovation
2.3 million years ago - Homo habilis first thought to have appeared in Africa
1.85 million years ago - First 'modern' hand emerges
1.8 million years ago - Homo ergaster begins to appear in fossil record
800,000 years ago- Early humans control fire and create hearths. Brain size increases rapidly
400,000 years ago - Neanderthals first begin to appear and spread across Europe and Asia
300,000 to 200,000 years ago - Homo sapiens - modern humans - appear in Africa
50,000 to 40,000 years ago - Modern humans reach Europe
Four teeth that were found in a cave in the Tongzi county of southern Chinadon’t fit into the evolutionary family tree of humans. The teeth that are approximately 200,000-years-old were found on the Yanhui cave floor in 1972 and 1983. While they were originally labelled as belonging to Homo erectus, further testing indicated that the teeth didn’t exactly fit in with the ancient human ancestor. And that’s where the story ended, until now.
A new study published in the Journal of Human Evolutionexplains that modern technology was used to take a closer look at the ancient teeth. While the new research concluded that the teeth did not belong to Homo erectus or Neanderthals, the owner of the teeth remains unknown. “It’s strange. We don’t know where to put it,” said Song Xing from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology in Beijing, as well as one of the authors of the study.
The four teeth are just part of a larger number of discoveries found in China that don’t fit into the human evolutionary tree, suggesting that there may be more that’s still unknown about the evolution of humans and the ancient ancestors from that region.
María Martinón-Torres, who is the director of Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana in Spain, as well as another author of the study, said, “We always think of Africa as the ‘cradle of humankind.’ I would say it’s a cradle of probably one of the human kinds, which is Homo sapiens.” Since numerous species of humans walked the Earth at different times, the research being done in Asia is probably “crucial to understanding the whole picture.”
The research team compared the four teeth to both ancient and modern tooth samples from Africa, East and West Asia, and Europe. What they found was that the Tongzi teeth had both ancient and modern traits. More specifically, the dentine (tissue underneath the enamel) didn’t have the crinkles that were found in Homo erectus’ teeth, and were more similar to teeth from a Neanderthal. However, the features on the teeth didn’t fit them directly into either category. They could have possibly come from Denisovans, although more research needs to be conducted to know for sure.
It’s possible that the teeth may have come from a new species that was created when different evolutionary groups crossed paths. For example, last year, scientists discovered the remains of a teenager who had a Neanderthal mother and a Denisovan father. The possibility is very real that Denisovan ancestors who were in Asia could have met up with the Homo erectusspecies and created a new offspring that produced the Tongzi teeth.
The Tongzi teeth aren’t the only thing that’s baffling scientists. Numerous Chinese fossils (including advanced features in teeth) that are between 360,000 and 100,000 years old don’t exactly fit into any of our human ancestors either.
There is also a complete skull that was found in Harbin, China. It had a face that’s older than a Neanderthal’s, but it’s still unclear as to where it belongs on the evolutionary tree, so it hasn’t yet been labelled to any human ancestor as of yet.
For now it’s still a guessing game as to what mysterious species produced the Tongzi teeth. Since the story of where we all came from is so complex, perhaps there are many more ancient ancestors that we don’t yet know about and that’s very exciting when learning about the evolution of humans.
Men in Black & Mothman - Coast to Coast AM - March 2019
Men in Black & Mothman - Coast to Coast AM - March 2019
Coast to Coast AM March 01, 2019. In the first half of the program, guest host Ian Punnett welcomed paranormal researcher and author Susan Sheppard for a discussion on the true story behind the Mothman, and who the Men in Black really are.
On November 2, 1966, a man named Woodrow Derenberger was stopped by a charcoal grey craft and a mysterious being within known as Indrid Cold, she reported. According to Sheppard, Indrid Cold was part of what has come to be called the Men in Black.
Eagle-Eyed Viewers Spot Another UFO Near ISS On NASA’s Live Feed of a Spacewalk
Eagle-Eyed Viewers Spot Another UFO Near ISS On NASA’s Live Feed of a Spacewalk
NASA’s International Space Station live feed was suddenly cut after a strange event showed in the background of one of the astronauts working. The alleged anomaly sparks a frenzy online.
Christina Koch and Anne McClain were supposed to be performing the first all-female spacewalk together on the ISS, but NASA cancelled the plan last minute. The official explanation said that it was due to a lack of spacesuits of the right sizes, replacing Ms McClain with Nick Hague. The move has sparked controversy. After the spacewalk, several conspiracy theories have surfaced.
Keen-sighted viewers of the live stream noticed something strange behind Mr Hague as he worked on the space station.
Some conspiracy theorists wildly claimed it could be a UFO. They insisted that this is yet another example of the space agency cutting the live feed after spotting a UFO.
The video feed is stable before a UFO appears just above the horizon line of the Earth. When the UFO appears, the live feed somewhat gets more interference until NASA apparently decides to cut it, according to conspiracy theorists.
The incident is not the first of its kind.
NASA has been alleged of cutting off live feeds when a UFO is seen flying near the space station.
SCIENTISTS SAY THEY CAN MAKE LIGHT TRAVEL 30X FASTER THAN NORMAL
SCIENTISTS SAY THEY CAN MAKE LIGHT TRAVEL 30X FASTER THAN NORMAL
BRUNO THETHE/OSMAN RANA VIA UNSPLASH/TAG HARTMAN-SIMKINS
JON CHRISTIAN
Light Travel
Scientists at the University of Central Florida say they’ve figured out how to make pulses of light travel 30 times as fast as usual — or even backward.
“We’re able to control the speed of the pulse by going into the pulse itself and reorganizing its energy such that its space and time degrees of freedom are mixed in with each other,” researcher Ayman Abouraddy said in a statement. “We’re very happy with these results, and we’re very hopeful it’s just the starting point of future research.”
Photon Shake
Make no mistake: it’s an extraordinary claim, and one the researchers behind it say could revolutionize optical communication.
But Abouraddy and colleagues got the results published in the prestigious and peer-reviewed journal Nature Communications, where they described using a device called a “spatial light modulator” to trick pulses of light into traveling faster or slower than usual, or backwards.
Live Fiber
Back in 2006, researchers performed a similar feat with light traveling through an optical fiber. Now, according to the researchers, they can pull off the same trick in open space.
“This is the first clear demonstration of controlling the speed of a pulse light in free space,” Abouraddy said in the statement. “And it opens up doors for many applications, an optical buffer being just one of them, but most importantly it’s done in a simple way, that’s repeatable and reliable.”
RVDe lander is ontwikkeld door de non-profitorganisatie SpaceIL en Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) en draagt de naam Beresheet. Het is een toepasselijke naam. Beresheet is namelijk niet alleen de allereerste Israëlische maanlander, maar ook nog eens de eerste private maanlander die - als alles goed gaat - daadwerkelijk voet op de maan gaat zetten.
WETENSCHAP De Israëlische maanlander ‘Beresheet’ – vrij vertaald naar ‘Genesis’ – die de nacht van 21 op 22 februari gelanceerd werd, zweeft eindelijk in een baan rond de maan. Dat is een belangrijke stap in zijn missie, eentje waarop de maanlander zich al enkele weken op voorbereidde. Nu rest er nog maar één doel: landen op de maan.
Nadat de maanlander in februari door SpaceX gelanceerd werd, moest die heel wat snelheid zien te verkrijgen. Daarom draaide Beresheet eerst enkele rondjes rondom de aarde. Vandaag was het dan eindelijk zover en zou de robot een manoeuvre uitvoeren waarmee het aan de zwaartekracht van de aarde zou ontsnappen.
Dat manoeuvre werd met succes uitgevoerd. Maar goed ook, anders zou het toestel ergens in het zonnestelsel beland zijn.
Primeurs
Dat betekent overigens ook dat Israël zichzelf het zevende land ter wereld mag noemen dat erin slaagde om een ruimtetoestel in een baan rond de maan te lanceren. Als alles verloopt zoals gepland, zal de Israëlische robot volgende week, op 11 april, ook voet zetten op de maan. Daarmee zal Beresheet het allereerste privé-gefinancierde ruimtetuig zijn dat op de maan landt.
Zulke primeurs moeten vastgelegd worden, zo dacht ook de maanlander. Die vereeuwigde zijn ruimtemissie met een selfie waarop hijzelf, de Israëlische vlag en – hoe kan het anders – de maan staan. Op de achtergrond van de selfie pronkt overigens ook onze aarde.
AFPBeresheet, de Israëlische vlag, de maan en de aarde.
University of WarwickZo zou de planetoïde die om de witte dwergster cirkelt en een spoor van gas achterlaat eruit zien.
WETENSCHAP In de ‘puinschijf’ rond een witte dwergster is een klein object ontdekt dat mogelijk het overblijfsel is van een planeet. Het object ter grootte van een planetoïde draait op een afstand van slechts 500.000 kilometer om de compacte ster en heeft een omlooptijd van iets meer dan twee uur. Dit heeft astronomie.nl vandaag op gezag van het wetenschappelijke vakblad Science gemeld.
Witte dwergen zijn de compacte restanten - in feite de ingestorte kernen - van zon-achtige sterren die hun nucleaire brandstofvoorraad hebben verbruikt. Tegen het einde van hun bestaan zwellen zulke sterren op en blazen ze hun buitenste lagen uiteindelijk de ruimte in. Tijdens dat proces kunnen planeten die zich te dicht in de buurt van hun ster bevinden sneuvelen. Zo ontstaat een schijf van fijn en grof puin rond de voormalige ster, die dan niet veel groter meer is dan de Aarde.
Een internationaal team van astronomen bekeek het spectrum van de 410 lichtjaar verre witte dwerg - SDSS J1228+1040 - in het voorjaar van 2017 en 2018 met de Gran Telescopio Canarias op het Canarische eiland La Palma.
In dat spectrum vonden de wetenschappers kleine, regelmatige fluctuaties, veroorzaakt in het spectrum van de dode ster. Het ging daarbij niet om een dopplereffect, veroorzaakt door een schommelbeweging van de ster, maar om een periodiek optredende variatie in de intensiteit van een specifieke spectraallijn.
Spoor van gas
Een analyse laat zien dat deze fluctuaties waarschijnlijk te wijten zijn aan een klein hemellichaam - een “exoplantetoïde” - dat een lang spoor van gas achterlaat. Dat gas kan afkomstig zijn van het object zelf, maar ook van verdampend stof dat vrijkomt bij botsingen met kleiner puin.
De nu ontdekte planetoïde zou binnen die schijf om de witte dwerg draaien. Gezien de geringe afstand tot de ster moet hij een behoorlijk hoge dichtheid hebben, omdat hij anders allang aan de sterke getijdenkrachten ter plaatse zou zijn bezweken. Vermoedelijk bestaat het planeetje grotendeels uit ijzer en nikkel. Het object zou minstens vier en hooguit zeshonderd kilometer groot zijn.
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The U.S. Government Funded a Study on Astral Projection n the 80s: The Results They’ve Kept Buried
The U.S. Government Funded a Study on Astral Projection in the 80s: The Results They’ve Kept Buried
Government conspiracies are always a fun topic.
From presidents being assassinated to political figures hiding the existence of extraterrestrial beings, it’s hard to ignore that there is potential for secrets to be kept from the public’s eyes and ears.
It would make sense, too, as there are, to the higher-ups throughout the world, pieces of information that aren’t necessary for everyone to see.
It’s a need-to-know sort of thing, and essentially, these are the real-life X-files.
Today, we’re going deep into the minds, literally and figurately, of the case studies that were conducted by the U.S. Government throughout the late 1970s and 80s regarding astral projection.
Just what is this fancy term, and why was the government so interested in what it could do? Read on to see.
What Exactly Is Astral Projection and Why Were They Studying It?
Let’s take a step back here.
Getting to this point in time, the later 1970’s, certain items had become popular (such as various recreational drugs) and the U.S. government was becoming increasingly littered with movements and scandals.
From Watergate to women’s and gay rights, along with environmental issues poking their head, there was much to discuss during this period.
Of course, we also experienced one of the craziest war-times in recent memory with the ending of the Vietnam War in 1975. This bloody battle paved the way for military branches to invest in studies and programs that looked to unlock the human mind.
One of the biggest backers of any psychological study to be done was the U.S. Army, as they had seen firsthand what it was like to experience a psychological breakdown. One of the components of psychology is the idea of consciousness.
For the military, warfare was at a turning point. Technology had been advancing faster than anyone could’ve imagined. Between the different weapons rapidly becoming available and the nuclear missiles race, a lot of military bodies were searching for a trump card for everything.
What better way than astral projection? It could be a new type of psychological warfare that the U.S. government could use to keep the American population safe and sound.
It’s no coincidence, then, that with astral projection it all comes back to the idea of human consciousness. Bear with us here as this may get a little complicated.
Defining Astral Projection in the Simplest Terms
At its core, the definition of this phenomena seems simple. Put in laymen’s terms, it’s the ability to travel out of your own body.
The best way to explain it comes in the form of a simple analogy. If you were to lay down in your bed and concentrate deeply enough to separate from your physical body in the form of an astral body, then you’d be able to complete an out-of-body experience (OBE) which is the foundation of astral travel.
The idea is that you can move around on an “astral plane,” as it’s called, to see, hear, and enter the world of celestial spheres. Overall, here you’d potentially be exposed to mystical religions and philosophies, along with the population of angels and spirits, among other beings.
What happens when you die, and where do you go? If the astral world does exist, that’s where you’d end up.
So, the astral projection would allow you to travel into the realm while you’re still able to breathe safely in this world.
If all of this sounds a bit farfetched and crazy, so if you’re thinking that you wouldn’t be wrong. In fact, as you’ll see below, there are certain items that we have access to that look to displace the theory of entering any astral area.
The Drugs Versus Natural Phenomena Debate
The biggest issue with any form of astral projection comes with proving that an OBE occurred.
How do you go about providing evidence to someone who claims to have moved from their physical self into another dimension? The answer still isn’t known, and the fact remains that anyone could claim to have an out-of-body experience without distinct evidence supporting them.
Did that stop the government from pushing this on certain people? Of course not.
Let’s take a quick step back though.
One interesting piece of information regarding any claims of astral projection comes with the use of any pharmaceutical enhancements. Certain drugs, such as DMT, ketamine, and phencyclidine, are all classified under the hallucinogenic drug tree.
These medicinal pills were often given to those with certain needs, to help them cope with everyday parts of life. Drugs are always going to be a target, of course, which makes a lot of different stories regarding these psychological tests thought-provoking.
While their experiences may suggest a form of astral travel, there’s no way of telling if it was due to the drug aid, or due to them being able to separate their body from their minds.
Why Was the Government Experimenting with This Stuff Anyway?
This is a popular question.
As we mentioned before, the biggest beneficiary of these case studies and programs were entwined with specific branches of the military. The thought was that by using astral travel throughout wars or battles, soldiers and commanders would have an upper-hand on the enemy.
Think about it: if you could stay safely within the confines of your home base, but then travel along the astral plane to an enemy’s hideout and spy on them, you’d be able to learn quite a bit about them and their tactics.
As such, it would make sense regarding the military uses.
Thus, the U.S. Army was the first branch to really push for the studying of this technology.
The Experiments Begin on Army Officers
Everything officially started back in the early 80’s and concluded with this 29-page declassified CIA document in 1983, which was formally released to the public in late 2003.
Commander Wayne McDonnell was tasked with providing evidence and thoughts on an organization’s studies to expand a person’s consciousness. They did this by “Hemi-Sync,” which was a term developed to explain synchronizing your brainwaves together.
Project Center Lane, as the operation was known, was started as the Commander deemed the Monroe Institute’s studies worth the Army’s time and money.
As such, officers were then accepted into the study, which used hypnosis techniques to aid the men in reaching that astral plane. For the U.S. Army, their main goal was to learn foreign languages and use “habit control training,” which is more than likely code for special battle skills that would benefit the soldiers.
So, What Did They Find Out About Astral Projection?
Over the course of the tests, there were 251 Army intelligence officers that were selected to be in the first year of tests. Among them, a small group of 35 were to be given a shot at astral projection, as they exhibited the traits needed for testing.
The testing was supposed to allow the officers a chance to heighten their senses, heal any wounds, and even solve problems around the world, not dictated by a physical being.
But what happened?
Unfortunately, not much.
There were a few interesting testimonies from soldiers. One, apparently, was targeted to go back in time and view Mars a striking 1-million years ago. This remote viewing process, as it was called, allowed him to see far back into our world and the world of an alien race.
At the end of all the testing and people tied up with the studies, it’s unfortunate that nothing truly concrete was found regarding astral projection.
This type of psychic ability, so to speak, could’ve transformed the way the world works.
Just remember that unless the U.S. government decides to stop testing different experiments and avenues, there are bound to be countless failures.
While there was some mild success, according to transcript details and accounts, the lack of concrete evidence makes it hard to truly buy into the whole study. It’s hard to dismiss the efforts done here, of course, but for the time being astral projection and its subsequent testing methods will have to be put on hold.
But, thanks to the government, we know at least one man got to talk to aliens.
In December 1980, on a country road near Houston, Texas, three people had a terrifying close encounter with a large, low-flying, diamond-shaped Unidentified Flying Object that was being pursued or escorted by a large fleet of military helicopters. What would become known as the Cash-Landrum incident stands today as one of the most compelling–and also confusing–UFO cases on record; a case that resulted in significant health problems for one of the witnesses and which eventually lead to a $20 million lawsuit against the US government.
One of the world’s leading experts on the Cash-Landrum case is Curt Collins, the author behind Blue Blurry Lines, a website focused on UFO mysteries, legends, and hoaxes. In 2015, Curt was on the investigative team that exposed the BeWitness “alien” photo fiasco, the Roswell Slides Research Group; his detailed accounting of this exposé was featured in my 2017 book UFOs: Reframing the Debate. More recently, Curt launched The Saucers That Time Forgot with Claude Falkstrom, focused on unearthing “tales that UFO history has overlooked or would rather forget.” Curt has spent many years retrospectively investigating the Cash-Landrum incident. Here, Curt separates the fact from the fiction as he talks to me about this fascinating yet hugely problematic case.
A depiction of the Cash-Landrum incident of December 1980. Inset: writer / investigator Curt Collins.
RG: Summarise the Cash-Landrum incident for us.
According to the story that surfaced, Betty Cash (52) and her friend Vickie Landrum (57) were out for a drive on the evening of December 29, 1980. Along with them was Vickie’s grandson, Colby Landrum, just shy of seven years old. The location was near Houston, Texas, on a two-lane country road in a sparsely populated area on the outskirts of the little town of Huffman. They rounded a bend and found a huge, blindingly bright, unidentified flying object hovering over the road. It intermittently emitted flames downward, and the witnesses were afraid and stopped. Betty stepped out of the car in attempt to get a better look at the object, but the other two quickly returned to the car. Shortly afterwards, the object lifted up and slowly flew away. The witnesses saw helicopters following it, and they had the impression they were military helicopters trying to surround the object, either to pursue it, or perhaps escort it. Once the aircraft had passed, they continued their drive home. Betty dropped Vickie and Colby off, and went home, where she went to bed with a terrible headache, which was the beginning of a lengthy illness that resulted in her hospitalization. Vickie and Colby also had flu-like symptoms and reported similar, but milder problems than Betty’s. None of them initially connected their illness with the UFO sighting, but, due to Betty’s lingering problems, came to suspect it may have been the cause.
Vickie Landrum (left) and Betty Cash.
RG: You’ve spent many years of your life researching the Cash-Landrum incident; what is it about this case in particular that you find so compelling? Why is it so significant?
CC: I was interested in the whole of UFO history, but drawn to focus the C-L story due to its reputation for being one of the best-documented and credible cases. The reported involvement of the military made me think that there must be further evidence to be uncovered, from declassified documents or perhaps from new witnesses such as retired helicopter pilots. However, as I dug in, I learned that the real events have been obscured by misinformation and rumors to the point that the real story has begun to vanish. A great stroke of luck was finding Christian Lambright who had independently interviewed Vickie Landrum twice in 1985, uncovering important differences in the witnesses account from the way ufologists were packaging the UFO story. This fueled my desire to dig beneath the mythology to find exactly what could be documented about the case.
Another artistic visualisation of the Cash-Landrum incident.
RG: Did the US government ever provide an official explanation for the incident?
CC: No. There has never been any tangible proof that there actually was an incident.
RG: Has it ever been satisfactorily determined what caused the witnesses to fall ill immediately following their sighting? What was the nature of their poisoning?
CC: Due to the way the events unfolded, we can’t be sure what happened. The UFO story did not surface until a month after Betty was first hospitalized, and it was about another month before any investigation began. Betty Cash’s illness was documented, but since the Landrums did not receive medical attention, there’s no evidence that they were affected by a UFO encounter. Betty had cardiac problems about two years before the events and underwent heart surgery and was taking medication, but was said to be healthy at the time. The cause of her problems was not determined, her doctors just described her ailments as alopecia areata and cellulitis. Betty’s hair loss and flu-like symptoms caused the physicians to check her for radiation exposure, but the results were negative.
The story as reported in Weekly World News, March 24, 1981.
RG: What was the official response to the sighting, from local authorities and from the military?
CC: It was over a month before the UFO incident was reported, and then it seems to have been informal. Vickie Landrum told her neighbor, Dayton Police Chief Tommy Waring, but the sighting had occurred out of his jurisdiction. He located a card with the phone number for the National UFO Reporting Center, and Vickie called them, which eventually led to news coverage and a civilian investigation. The military did not become involved until August 1981, after Betty Cash wrote to Texas senators, who advised her to file a complaint at Bergstrom Air Force Base near Austin, Texas. The witnesses were interviewed and given damage claims forms, and afterwards there was a brief investigation, but they found it improbable that such an event could occur undetected so close to Houston Intercontinental Airport by tower equipment, personnel or the pilots of the many aircraft in the area. In 1982 Representative Ron Wyden asked for an investigation into whether US aircraft had been involved in the incident. The Department of the Army Inspector General (DAIG) assigned Lt. Col. George Sarran the task of investigating, and, by all accounts, he did a thorough job. Sarran found the witnesses to be credible, yet found no indication to support their claims that any helicopters had been involved.
RG: What agency, if any, do you feel the helicopters belonged to? Indeed, did the helicopters exist at all?
CC: At one time, I was convinced the helicopters were part of the Army’s Task Force 158, training for a mission to rescue the American hostages in Iran. The timing, the equipment and the secrecy of the project are all tantalizing close matches, but ultimately it just doesn’t fit. After learning more about the requirements for equipment and personnel, the fleet of helicopters has become the most unbelievable aspect of the story, instead of its best lead.
Betty Cash experiencing hair loss following her UFO encounter.
RG: Why was the witnesses’ court case against the government dismissed?
CC: The lawsuit is a very unfortunate aspect of the case, and a true instance where the witnesses were victims. In my opinion, they were used as pawns by ufologists. Their absentee attorney Peter Gersten had been involved with several lawsuits to disclose UFO documents, and part of the things he asked for in interrogatories were to probe other UFO rumors. Based on Gersten’s statements, the lawsuit was at best a ploy, hoping the government would settle out of court. He stated that the chances of winning were “slim and none.” Judge Ross Sterling dismissed the case Aug. 21, 1986 without it going to trial due to lack of evidence. The complainants had failed to prove that US aircraft were involved in the incident or that it was responsible for causing the alleged injuries.
RG: How was the incident depicted in the media at the time, and to what extent, if any, did this contribute to any popular misconceptions about the case?
CC: The first coverage of the story was in the tabloid press, followed by local news, then national exposure on ABC’s Good Morning America. Some of the coverage was lurid and sensationalized things, but it stuck generally close to the events the witnesses described. The problem was that it received attention only because it was a UFO story, perhaps diminishing the chance for a proper investigation. Another thorny issue is that the witnesses originally each told a piece of the story from their own point of view, but the press presented a simplified narrative. It caused a feedback loop, and, before long, the witnesses were telling a homogenized version based on what they’d read about their own story. A related problem about the press coverage is that it produced a few additional alleged witnesses to a UFO or helicopters, but none of them had reported anything before the story was in the news. Those kind of witnesses are admissible evidence in ufology, but not something that would hold up in court.
More news coverage of the incident, showing Betty Cash’s dramatic hair loss.
RG: What role did the UFO research community play in investigating the Cash-Landrum incident; who were the key investigators; and to what extent have the efforts of UFOlogists helped to elucidate the complexities of this strange and disturbing case?
CC: Ufology got off to a bad start with the Cash-Landrum case, and it’s possibly a more complicated story than the UFO incident itself. The Aerial Research Phenomena Organization (APRO) had the first crack at things, but a rogue intercepted the report and sold it to the tabloids instead of investigating. Weeks later John F. Schuessler, the deputy director of the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON), was contacted by Betty Cash, and he became the primary investigator for the case and became a “rabbi” for the witnesses, an advisor, confidante, their de facto press agent, and part of the story. Schuessler certainly seems to have had good intentions, but in trying to present the witnesses in the best light, did much to transform the story into a legend. Meanwhile, the dark side of ufology was on the rise, the nutty sinister conspiracy stuff that later made its way into The X-Files, and many of the players such as William Moore and Richard Doty tried to reframe the Cash-Landrum story to promote their own agenda.
RG: Does the Cash-Landrum incident have parallels with any other cases in UFOlogical history, and what, if anything, can we learn from these parallels?
CC: The helicopter involvement is different from most cases, but other incidents do have some strong similarities, and I have dug through UFO history looking for comparable events. A few recognizable ones are the 1957 Levelland Texas case, which had a gigantic bright UFO, and the next year at the Loch Raven Reservoir in Maryland there was a large glowing egg-shaped object reported to have left the witnesses with “sunburn.” Other cases match in ways, but the most worthy of mention are two other UFO injury cases. In 1967 Stefan Michalak encountered a landed flying saucer in at Falcon Lake in Manitoba, Canada, and it left him with mysterious burns and some lingering health problems. There’s also the 1979 close encounter of Deputy Sheriff Val Johnson, who was driving along a lonely Minnesota road at night, when he saw a blindingly brilliant UFO above the road ahead. Unlike the C-L case, he didn’t stop, and his vehicle collided with the (much smaller) UFO. The car was damaged, and he suffered injuries including “welder’s burns” to his eyes. As with all UFO cases, there’s probably some mistakes and hoaxes in the mix, but the witnesses to these type of cases don’t generally follow the pattern of behavior of attention-seeking phonies.
RG: Vicki Landrum interpreted the incident at the time as a divine event, remarking as she observed the UFO something to the effect of: “That’s Jesus. He will not hurt us.” Some scholars have suggested that UFOlogy, or the UFO subculture, has clear religious aspects. Do you see any parallels between the pursuit of UFOs and the pursuit of God?
CC: That quote comes from Vickie attempting to comfort her grandson, Colby, during encounter. In the C-L case, I don’t think religious beliefs play much of a role, beyond the fleeting first impression the witnesses had about what they described. The UFO culture absolutely has religious beliefs, but they predate saucers and reach back into mysticism and Theosophy. When UFOs became a big news story in 1947, these believers were the first promoters of the extraterrestrial origin. The Contactees of the 1950s were an offshoot of this, and, directly or indirectly, a lot of that message of god-like aliens has become a fundamental UFO belief. We should not waste time hoping for parents from space to come down and solve our problems.
RG: Is there any more to be learned about the Cash-Landrum case in 2019 and beyond, or will the mystery remain unsolved?
CC: I have been surprised as more information has surfaced over the years from government documents to researchers’ archived files and correspondence, and there’s probably more to come. New information frequently requires a review of what you thought you knew about something, and, sometimes, it’s a challenge to discard beliefs built on bad information and falsehoods. We may never know exactly what happened on that Texas roadway the night of Dec. 29, 1980, but it’s a fascinating UFO puzzle, and demonstrates the worth of finding the facts beneath the fiction.
For more of Curt Collins’ work, especially on the Cash-Landrum case, visit his website, Blue Blurry Lines.
Those who complain about UFO pictures being blurry and too far away to identify can’t say those things about a set of photos taken by two men in the Macedon ranges of Victoria. The photos and selfies are right up on top of what they claim is UFO wreckage and everything, including their can of beer, is clearly visible. What’s cloudy now is what exactly it might be.
“One of them sent me these pictures of their friends who were out on motor bikes in the Macedon ranges where they came upon a crashed UFO. They took some pictures that I am sending to you.”
‘You’ in this case is MUFON and the case is #99500, which can be viewed on the UFO Stalker website. Obviously, the report is not by the actual witnesses/photographers and it was submitted two years after the alleged discovery.
“They called some friends and told them they would come and pick them up to show them the object. When they returned a few hours later the site had been cleaned and there was no remains of the object. There was some police barrier tape but everything else was gone. They did take some pictures with their phones before and after.”
Mount Macedon
The MUFON post was picked up by intrepid UFO watchers TexasUFOs, who uploaded the pictures to their website and social media pages, where skeptics centered on the idea that the alleged debris looked like it was from a movie set. That’s entirely possible, since Mount Macedon (the name of the town and the mountain it sits at the foot of) has been used by some film crews – most notably for scenes in the 2009 sci-fi film “Knowing,” the 2010 horror film “Don’t Be Afraid of the Dark,” and the 2009 fantasy “Where the Wild Things Are.” However, those scenes were shot four years before the alleged UFO wreckage was discovered – enough time for it to deteriorate (movie sets aren’t made to last) or be vandalized.
The Macedon is also just a few kilometers from the location of Hanging Rock, the famous geological formation that has strong spiritual and cultural significance to the Dja Dja Wurrung, Woi Wurrung and Taungurung tribes. This mamelon rock formation was formed by volcanic magma cooling in place rather than flowing, and the unique configurations this created include the Hanging Rock (a boulder suspended between other boulders, the Colonnade, the Eagle, a number of pareidolic faces on rocks and the … here it comes … UFO! (You can see the formations here.)
Strange things happened when Picnic at Hanging Rock producer Pat Lovell visited the actual rock in Victoria.
Picture: AlamySource:Supplied
One of the ‘faces’ among the formations at Hanging Rock which rises up from the plains northwest of Melbourne.
Picture: tripadvisor.com.au.Source:Supplied
Of course, any reference to Hanging Rock brings up “Picnic at Hanging Rock,” the 1975 Peter Weir movie based on the book of the same name. Both center around the unsolved mysterious disappearance of three young girls on Valentine’s Day in 1900 that some believe could have been due to a UFO abduction or mysterious powers emanating from Hanging Rock. Some people have even reported seeing the ghosts of the girls in the area. What most forget because of the realistic style of both is that the book is a novel and not based on any historical event.
Yes, the movie was filmed at and around Hanging Rock, which brings us back to the UFO wreckage report and photographs. Texas UFOs found a video that leads them to consider it was from a TV series, but there’s no concrete proof that it’s a TV prop either.
Then there’s the “police barrier tape.” That’s the strangest part of this report. Why would the police be called out to remove an old movie set, and why would they cordon off the area with yellow tape? It doesn’t sound like the stuff was from a movie … or a picnic … or a picnic movie. Any ideas?
Whatever it was, this sounds like a great plot for a new movie in a beautiful location that’s cheaper for shooting than Hollywood. Wait a minute … could it be a cheaper location for alien movie crews too?
The next flying saucer you see may not be a UFO – it could be an ADFIO, especially if you’re currently living in Romania. That’s where an inventor has created a real flying disc with all of the capabilities you would expect in a flying saucer … except for the aliens. He’s built a prototype, won an awardand is pitching it to anyone who will listen in the hopes of raising the capital to build a commercial, military or private vehicle soon. Oh … ADFIO stands for All-Directional Flying Object. Is that one hovering above you?
“The Romanian inventor has stated that his device is unique in the world by the fact that it can evolve in any direction with the same aerodynamic characteristics and can fly just as well in subsonic or supersonic regime.”
Romanian engineer Razvan Sabie hasn’t just stated … he’s demonstrated his ADFIO, albeit at subsonic speeds and in a smaller electric platform, to Romanian media. But many of the capabilities are already in the prototype, as can be seen in the new video he’s released. (Watch it here.) The disc is a classic flying saucer shape, looking like two saucers glued top-to-top but tapered to a razor edge for aerodynamics in horizontal flight, which is currently provided by two fans that operate independently and will eventually be replaced with supersonic jet engines. Vertical-takeoff-and-landings and subsonic all-direction maneuvers are provided by surface fans on the top and the bottom. These fans rotate to give the craft a true flying saucer spin and can be retracted, as can the landing gear, to eliminate drag.
How many does it seat?
“It’s the only one bi-directional airfoil known and functional. The possibility to reach much easier supersonic speeds (for a normal airplane the drag coefficient increases 7-8 times during the transonic flight, respect to maximum two times for this aircraft), combined with the hypermaneuvrability can offer you a picture regarding the potential of this aircraft.”
While the ADFIO could be described as a round wing or two dolphin-tail foils glued together, Sabie points out that the ability to change directions puts it far ahead of today’s triangular flying wings. In addition, the minimal drag during acceleration is expected to reduce or eliminate sonic booms.
Buh-bye
But wait … there’s more!
While not demonstrated in the video, the ADFIO will be able to do all of these maneuvers upside down as well, without the need for separate wings, ailerons, rudders or flaps.
How much and when can I get one?
Ah, there’s the catch. The 1.2-meter (3.9 feet) diameter prototype was built to both demonstrate capabilities and find investors. It’s obviously not ready for supersonic flight and not big enough for pilots, although there’s no doubt an autonomous version will be built. As of now, no dates or prices have been released.
Nonetheless … the All-DIrectional Flying Object is WAY cool.
Ancient Egyptian Coffin With Two Mummies Inside Found In 5,000-Year-Old Cemetery
The Egyptian archaeological mission of the Antiquities Ministry found a limestone coffin in the shape of a human body during archaeological excavations in the northwestern part of the excavation site at Quesna quarry in Monufiya governorate.
Ancient Egyptian Coffin With Two Mummies Inside Found In 5,000-Year-Old Cemetery
Egyptian archaeologists uncovered anancient stone coffin located in a cemetery that’s 5,000-year-old. The discovery was made at Quesna Cemetery in the Nile Delta region which is north of Cairo. What’s so peculiar about the finding is that the two poorly conditioned mummies that were inside of the coffin were lying on top of each other and covered with gold chips. The limestone coffin measured 6.5 feet long by 23 inches wide.
Dr. Ayman Ashmawy, who is the head of the Egyptian Antiquities Department at the ministry, stated that the part of the Quesna Cemetery that was uncovered during the archaeological mission dates back to 3100 B.C. up to the Ptolemaic period.
The Ptolemaic period, which began not long after Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C., ended in 30 B.C. because of the Roman conquest as well as the death of Cleopatra.
Satellite image of the Nile Delta
There were other discoveries found in that area, including lanterns, pieces of ceramic, fragments of bronze nails, a bronze coin that dates back to the Ptolemaic period, and three heads of statues that represented Horus who was the Egyptian falcon god.
Mostafa Waziri, who is the Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, said that the coffin had been moved to the antiquities warehouse that’s located in Kafr al-Sheikh.
The Quesna Cemetery has been around since the reign of King Narmer who is said to have unified Upper and Lower Egypt, meaning that he was the first ever ruler of the unified country.
Egypt’s Ministry of Antiquities has been attempting to make the archaeological work public in order to try to get more people to visit the country, as Egypt’s tourism has diminished since its 2011 revolution as well as their long period of instability.
Pyramids of Giza
Just last month, the Egyptian government announced that they had discovered an ancient village that dates back 2,500 years before the Pyramids of Giza were even built. In fact, the Neolithic village that was uncovered in the Nile Delta area of Tell el-Samara is one of the oldest settlements that have ever been excavated in Egypt. The archaeological team uncovered the remains of plants and animal bones, as well as stone tools and pottery which indicate that humans lived there.
Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Mostafa Waziri said that the discovered coffin is about two meters long and about 60 cm wide. Inside it the mission found two mummies in poor condition covered by gold chips.
He elaborated that the coffin was moved to the antiquities warehouse in Kafr al-Sheikh. The Tourism and Antiquities Police coordinated and secured the transport process so that the restoration team could begin restoration work on the coffin and the mummies, to be completed in a restoration laboratory attached to the warehouse.
Head of the Central Department of Restoration and Maintenance of Antiquities Ghareeb Sonbol said that the restoration team gently prepared the coffin for its new environment.
He added that the team partially uncovered the coffin lid and found two mummies, one on top of the other, inside. The stone coffin was in stable condition. Care was taken to prevent any damage to the important discovery.
Head of the Egyptian Antiquities Department in the Antiquities Ministry Ayman Ashmawy said that the mission also uncovered part of the ancient Quesna cemetery, which dates back to the era of the Old Kingdom.
He added that the ancient Quesna cemetery was used continually throughout several ages from the Late Period of ancient Egypt until the Ptolemaic era.
The head of the Central Department of Lower Egypt Antiquities Nadia Khadr said that the mission also found a gold chip in the form of scarab that was promptly handed to the Egyptian Museum in Tahrir, as well as three symbolic limestone statue heads representing the three sons of Horus.
Reptilian Underground Bases "They Are Living Below Us"
Reptilian Underground Bases "They Are Living Below Us"
There is a hidden reptilian empire which consists of alien cultures and lost civilizations, their presence explains many of the myths of gods walking among humans.
The reptoids may have sought out refuge underground after Earth underwent climate changes some 12,000 years ago.
The Shanidar Cave is a vast archaeological complex located on Bradost Mountain in the Erbil Governorate of Iraqi Kurdistan.
The remains of 10 Neanderthals, dating from 35,000 to 65,000 years ago have been found within the Shanidar Cave.
The cave also contains two later “proto Neolothie” cemeteries, one of which dates back about 10,600 years and contains 35 ‘humanoids’ one such skill is extremely elongated and considered the Reptilian Elongated Race of Sumerians. Nobody know how vast the complex goes underground.
There are many accounts through history of lizard people and snake like bipedal’s from Sumeria to the Hopi Indians.
We will also explore the many accounts at the Dulce underground facility and how this all ties together.
We hope you will become aware of many facts you may have been previously unaware of in this 37-minute Reptilian Documentary.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
What Would We do If We Found An Earthlike Planet With Intelligent Life That Is 500 Years Behind Us In Technology And Advancements?
What Would We do If We Found An Earthlike Planet With Intelligent Life That Is 500 Years Behind Us In Technology And Advancements?
Readers of this blog know that I’m a big fan of Quora, because it lets non-experts raise the kinds of speculative questions that don’t normally come up in formal scientific discussions. One frequent theme that comes up is the issue of what we would do if we found intelligent life on a planet around another star. A recent posting in particular caught my eye: “What would we do if we found an Earthlike planet with intelligent life that is 500 years behind us in technology and advancements?”
Well, that’s a fun thought experiment! It’s not one question, really, but a whole set of nested questions about how to find alien life, how to determine the presence of alien intelligence, how to determine the nature of that intelligence, and then how we would study it, or even try to make contact with it. There’s a big moral issue at the end, but a lot of juicy scientific ones along the way. And that got me thinking…
First, how will we find a truly Earthlike planet? Despite all the amazing recent discoveries of planets around other stars, astronomers have yet to find a true Earth twin—that is, an Earth-size planet orbiting a sunlike yellow star at an Earthlike distance. The closest they’ve come is a planet called Kepler 452b. It’s roughly five times the mass of Earth and probably belongs to the class of planets called super-Earths. Habitable, maybe; Earthlike, no. The same goes, even more so, for the recently discovered Earth-size planets around the star Trappist-1. These are extremely exciting worlds to study, and it is possible that some of them could support life. But the Trappist-1 planets orbit a dim red-dwarf star, which means that they are blasted with energetic radiation and are probably tidally locked, with one hemisphere always facing toward the star.
Closer analogs are surely out there, but they are hard to find. NASA’s Kepler space telescope spots planets by the way they blot out a tiny bit of their star’s light when they transit: that is, they pass between the star and us. But for a planet in a one-year orbit (like ours!), that means you see a shadow only once a year, and very briefly. To confirm that the planet is real—and not, say, a random flickering of the star—you want to observe at least three events. So you need to watch a lot of stars, and watch them all for several years. Even then, the only planets you’ll find are the ones that happen to be lined up exactly between us and their star.
Planets in the habitable zones around other stars may not be anything like our own. Kepler-186 (top) is a miniature system similar to Trappist-1. Kepler-452 (middle) is a sunlike star but its key planet is bigger and more massive than Earth.
(Credit: NASA/JPL-CalTech/R. Hurt)
Second, how would we know if a superficially Earthlike planet is truly habitable? The leading method right now is to look at light streaming through the planet’s atmosphere when it passes between us and the star. That’s an extremely difficult task even for giant planets. Right now, we don’t have the technology to do it for a true Earth twin—if we even had one to study. Another approach is to search directly for other Earths alongside their stars, and then analyze their light. To do that, you need both a very powerful telescope and a highly effective way to block out the glare of the star, since an Earthlike planet would be right alongside it in the sky, but on the order of a billion times fainter!
Astronomers have some clever ideas about how to do that, using either an external light blocker (called a starshade) flying in front of a space telescope, or an internal device (coronagraph) built into the telescope itself to create a kind of artificial eclipse. The upcoming WFIRST telescope will test the coronagraph concept, but it won’t be sensitive enough to observe other Earths. That will take improved telescopes that are unlikely to be built at least until the 2030s.
Bringing other Earths into view won’t be easy. This is the plan for NASA’s upcoming WFIRST space telescope and its starlight-blocking coronagraph.
(Credit: NASA-JPL/G. Blackwood/Noecker et al)
Third, how would we know if there’s intelligent life on the planet?Proving the presence of any kind of life will be hugely challenging, even after we get past steps one and two above. Astronomers will analyze the atmospheres of the planets looking for “biosignatures”–unusual, out-of-balance chemical compositions such as those associated with life on Earth (eg, free oxygen plus methane). SETI searches focus on possible signals sent by alien civilizations, but aliens with 16th-century technology won’t be beaming us any radio messages. We’d have to find them in more subtle ways. For instance, we might detect heavy-metal signatures associated with smelting and other types of simple industry, although that still would not yield unambiguous proof. Some extreme, speculative types of lensing telescopes might be powerful enough to see evidence of cities or geometric clearing of forests; such observations would certainly be a lot more convincing.
Note, by the way, that it would be extremely unlikely to find an alien civilization that is so close to us in technological development, even if intelligent alien life is fairly common. Stars and planets have most likely been forming in our galaxy for more than 10 billion years. Maybe it’s normal for it to take 4 billion years for intelligent life to emerge; maybe not. Regardless, life on other worlds could have begun billions of years earlier or later than life on Earth. Out of that vast range, the odds that an alien civilization would be within 500 years of our stage of development are millions to one—and that assumes that other planets follow the same path as ours, which is a huge leap of faith. But let’s keep digging into the question.
How to launch an interstellar probe using a laser lightsail. The tech doesn’t exist yet, but it’s all near-term realistic.
(Credit: Breakthrough Starshot)
Fourth, what would we do if we really found rock-solid evidence of a pre-industrial civilization on a planet around another star? We couldn’t communicate with them by any currently known method. Unless physicists make some kind of wildly unanticipated new discovery, there is no practical way that humans could travel there, either. Potentially we could send miniature interstellar probes to examine the planet and learn more about its inhabitants. A project called Breakthrough Starshot is exploring the kind of technology needed to do something like that. Such probes would be so small and speedy that the aliens there would have no idea they were being watched.
Assume a best-case scenario (because, why not?). Sometime next decade we find a potentially Earthlike planet around Alpha Centauri A, the closest sunlike star, or maybe we find encouraging information about the Earth-size planet orbiting its companion star, the red dwarf Proxima Centauri. In the 2030s we find plausible biosignatures on one of these nearby exoplanets. In the 2050s we image the planet and see plausible indications of an intelligent civilization. What a moment of discovery that would be! We launch interstellar probes there, which arrive in the 2090s. By 2100, we’re convinced not only that the planet is inhabited, but that it is home to an advanced, semi-industrial civilization. So now what?
NASA will crash Cassini into Saturn in September, to make sure the probe doesn’t contaminate one of the planet’s potentially habitable moons. This kind of caution should extend to any future contact with sentient alien beings.
(Credit: NASA-JPL)
That brings us to the fifth and final part. Should we try to establish contact? Potentially we could use interstellar probes to drop coded messages all over the planet. Maybe the inhabitants could respond by setting huge geometric fires that we could observe from space. We would have a lotof time to think about whether making contact is a good idea and, if so, how best to do it. Each back-and-forth message would take about 9 years—and remember, this is for the very nearest star. Suppose we found a civilization on Kepler 452b. It is 1,400 light years away. Each round-trip message would take 2,800 years minimum. A Starshot-style probe would take at least 7,000 years to get there.
But let’s take all of the what-ifs all the way. What if we find this quasi-technological alien civilization, and what if humans develop some kind of faster-than-light technology (currently thought to be physically impossible, but we’re speculating here) so that we could jump in a ship and go visit, Star Trek style? How would we behave?
Right now, NASA has a detailed set of planetary-protection rules to make sure that humans do not contaminate Mars or other possibly habitable worlds. That is part of the reason the Cassini probe is being crashed into Saturn: to make sure it doesn’t contaminate the moons Enceladus or Titan. I like to think that by the time we are smart enough to find life in other planetary systems and advanced enough to travel there, we will have advanced versions of those planetary protection rules to make sure we don’t contaminate other civilizations, either.
On Earth, meetings between technological and non-technological cultures have generally not gone very well. If we ever get to the point where we find a non-technological culture on another planet, I expect that we will have enough good sense to observe from afar and not interfere.
Linda Moulton Howe: Planet X Revelations - Telescopes in Hawaii Hunting For Planet Nine's Exact Location
Linda Moulton Howe: Planet X Revelations - Telescopes in Hawaii Hunting For Planet Nine's Exact Location
COAST TO COAST AM. Earthfiles investigative reporter Linda Moulton Howe discussed details of a “Planet Nine” in our solar system. The announcement, a year ago, of a 9th Planet, ten to twenty times the mass of Earth, is one of the greatest astronomical mysteries as we enter 2017.
She spoke with the discoverer of the planet, Prof. Michael Brown, an astronomer at Caltech, who ironically was responsible for knocking Pluto out of the 9th planet category, and into dwarf planet status. Brown shared that he’s using telescopes in Hawaii to nail down Planet Nine’s location.
He believes it was once near Uranus and Neptune, but its orbit was jostled and it was thrown out much further in a slingshot effect. Further, he explained, the new planet’s mass is so large that it causes our entire solar system, including the sun, to tilt at 6 degrees.
Mars is a cold, dry desert, but a new study provides tantalizing evidence for liquid water deep below its surface. If it exists, this Mars groundwater might cause the weird dark streaks in Martian craters and canyons.
The long, thin dark streaks on the steep walls of this Martian crater are called “recurring slope lineae” by scientists. New research suggests they originate from deep groundwater. A collection of many additional images is available on the HiRISE website.
Image via Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter/NASA/JPL/University of Arizona/Lujendra Ojha et al./Geophysical Research Letters.
Modern day observations of Mars – from decades of spacecraft exploration – show that its surface is very dry today, although Mars does have ice at its poles and below its surface. However, it’s widely believed Mars once had a lot of water, including rivers, lakes and maybe even oceans. Now, scientists from the USC Arid Climates and Water Research Center have presented tentative evidence for liquid water on Mars – pockets of groundwater deep below the surface in near-equatorial regions of the planet. The peer-reviewed study was published on March 28, 2019, in Nature Geoscience.
The new paper suggests that deep groundwater might be the cause of the unusual and mysterious long, dark streaks – called recurring slope lineae by scientists – seen on steep slopes of some Martian craters and canyons. Some scientists think they are created by small, brief flows of briny water. The recurring slope lineae aren’t permanent features; they tend to occur during warmer summer months in or near equatorial regions and then fade again when it’s colder. They’ve been observed to recur in the same locations in multiple years, hence the name.
Recurring slope lineae (RSL) on the walls of Newton Crater, imaged by Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter on May 30, 2011.
The study suggests that recurring slope lineae in those regions are created by deep groundwater that comes up to the surface through tectonic and impact-related fractures in the ground. Other hypotheses have said these features might be caused by melting snows, shallow subsurface water flows closer to the surface, deliquescenceor dry flows of sand/dust. According to USC research scientist Essam Heggy:
We suggest that this may not be true. We propose an alternative hypothesis that they originate from a deep pressurized groundwater source which comes to the surface moving upward along ground cracks.
The idea is that cracks in the surface in some craters allow water springs or aquifers deep below the surface – perhaps starting at some 2,500 feet (750 meters) – to rise up to the surface as a result of pressure. This water then leaks onto the surface, creating the sharp and distinct linear features found on the walls of some craters and canyons, including Valles Marineris, the Grand Canyon of Mars.
The experience we gained from our research in desert hydrology was the cornerstone in reaching this conclusion. We have seen the same mechanisms in the North African Sahara and in the Arabian Peninsula, and it helped us explore the same mechanism on Mars.
The mysterious recurring slope lineae on Mars tend to cluster in the planet’s equatorial regions, where temperatures are the warmest. They disappear again when the weather cools.
In 2018, researchers at the European Space Agency (ESA) announced that they had other evidence for liquid water: the tentative discovery of a large subsurface lake near Mars’ south polar cap. ESA’s Mars Express orbiter used ground-penetrating radar – the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding instrument (MARSIS) – to detect the suspected lake below several layers of ice and dust. The ice deposit extends down about a mile (1.5 km). Beneath that deposit, radar images showed a bright spot within one 12-mile-wide (20-km-wide) region – indicative of liquid water, not just ice. From the paper:
The presence of liquid water at the base of the Martian polar caps has long been suspected but not observed. We surveyed the Planum Australe region using the MARSIS instrument, a low-frequency radar on the Mars Express spacecraft. Radar profiles collected between May 2012 and December 2015 contain evidence of liquid water trapped below the ice of the South Polar Layered Deposits. Anomalously bright subsurface reflections are evident within a well-defined, 20-kilometer-wide [12.5-mile-wide] zone centered at 193°E, 81°S, which is surrounded by much less reflective areas. Quantitative analysis of the radar signals shows that this bright feature has [characteristics matching] that of water-bearing materials.
We interpret this feature as a stable body of liquid water on Mars.
Similar lakes have been found below thick ice at the Earth’s poles, such as Lake Vostok in Antarctica.
First-ever liquid water lake discovered on Mars? The bright horizontal feature in this image represents Mars’ icy surface. The south polar layered deposits – layers of ice and dust – are seen to a depth of about a mile (1.5 km). Below is a base layer that in some areas is even brighter than the surface reflections, highlighted in blue. Analysis of the reflected signals suggests liquid water.
Image via ESA/NASA/JPL/ASI/Univ. Rome; R. Orosei et al. 2018.
Finding groundwater on Mars today would help scientists better understand how Mars evolved over billions of years, and how similar that evolution was to Earth, as explained by Heggy:
Understanding how groundwater has formed on Mars, where it is today and how it is moving helps us constrain ambiguities on the evolution of climatic conditions on Mars for the last three billion years and how these conditions formed this groundwater system. It helps us to understand the similarities to our own planet and if we are going through the same climate evolution and the same path that Mars is going. Understanding Mars’ evolution is crucial for understanding our own Earth’s long-term evolution and groundwater is a key element in this process.
Groundwater is strong evidence for the past similarity between Mars and Earth – it suggests they have a similar evolution, to some extent.
Such depth requires us to consider more deep-probing techniques to look for the source of this groundwater versus looking for shallow sources of water.
Location of previous subsurface lake near Mars’ south pole (blue spot in the square), discovered by Mars Express in 2018.
Evidence for a current body of subsurface liquid water near Mars’ south pole is exciting, but additional such lakes closer to the equator even more so, if they can be confirmed. They would increase the chances that some kind of life – even if likely just microbes – might exist deep underground on Mars, usually thought to be the most likely place to search anyway, given the hostile conditions on Mars’ surface. In regards to the south polar lake, Jeffery Plaut at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California noted in New Scientist that:
If the result is confirmed, it would be the largest known occurrence of present-day liquid water on Mars. It clearly has implications for the history of climate and the possibility of habitats suitable for life.
Bottom line: Does the cold desert world Mars have underground lakes? We still don’t know for certain, but this new paper from USC – in addition to the previous south polar discovery – provides more evidence that seems to say, yes.
NASA wil over 14 jaar voet op Mars zetten (en gaat over 5 jaar al terug naar de maan) - HLN.be
NASA wil over 14 jaar voet op Mars zetten (en gaat over 5 jaar al terug naar de maan) - HLN.be
Bron: NDTV
Photo NewsZo zouden de gebouwen op Mars eruit kunnen zien.
WETENSCHAP & PLANEETRuimtevaartorganisatie NASA hoopt tegen 2033 astronauten naar Mars te sturen. Om dat te verwezenlijken moeten andere zaken in het ruimteprogramma, zoals een nieuwe maanlanding in 2024, sneller vooruitgang boeken. Dat zei Jim Bridenstine, de hoogste bestuurder van de NASA gisteren.
De Amerikaanse vicepresident Mike Pence had NASA eerder al de opdracht gegeven om in 2024 een bemande missie naar de maan te sturen. Dat is vier jaar eerder dan oorspronkelijk door NASA was meegedeeld. Pence wil de missie vervroegen omdat het oorspronkelijke streven “niet goed genoeg is”.
De nieuwe datum is politiek gezien belangrijk omdat het mogelijk het laatste jaar van president Trumps tweede termijn zou kunnen zijn.
Veel experten vrezen echter dat NASA de deadline voor de nieuwe maanmissie niet zal halen omdat de bouw van de SLS (Space Launch System)-raket vertraging oploopt. Boeing, die instaat voor het bouwen van deze draagraket, slaagt er maar niet in om op schema te blijven.
Het is niet alleen de bedoeling om mensen op Mars te laten landen. We willen ook aantonen dat we op een andere planeet kunnen wonen
Bridenstine
Mars
Een missie naar Mars zou ruim twee jaar duren. Om op de rode planeet te komen, ben je zes maanden onderweg. Naar de maan reizen duurt ‘slechts’ drie dagen. En men kan niet zomaar vertrekken: de astronauten kunnen enkel naar Mars reizen als de planeet aan de dezelfde kant van de zon is gepositioneerd als de aarde. Dit komt slecht om de 26 maanden voor: dus in 2031, 2033, enzovoort.
“Het is niet alleen de bedoeling om mensen op Mars te laten landen”, zegt Bridenstine. “We willen ook aantonen dat we op een andere planeet kunnen wonen.”
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03-04-2019
SCIENTISTS SAY NEW CYBORG PLANTS COULD SOMEDAY GROW ON MARS
SCIENTISTS SAY NEW CYBORG PLANTS COULD SOMEDAY GROW ON MARS
JILL WELLINGTON VIA PIXABAY/TAG HARTMAN-SIMKINS
DAN ROBITZSKI
Superplants
Scientists have figured out how to give plants a high-tech upgrade.
In new research, Australian scientists show howplants can be augmentedwith nanomaterials that make them better at absorbing sunlight — and may help them survive on futuristic Martian farms.
Old System
People have long been able to introduce new compounds into plants via their vascular systems, which shuttle water and nutrients throughout a plant similarly to our blood vessels.
But metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which are the metallic nanomaterials that the scientists used to augment chrysanthemums and lilyturfs, are too complex to be taken up by a plant. Instead, the plants were given smaller, metallic ions and simple molecules that the plant’s internal machinery automatically synthesized into a complete MOF.
Heart Shaped Herb
As astronauts venture farther into space, they’ll need food and supplies. These cyborg plants could help, as some MOFs can enable plants to convert ultraviolet light — plentiful outside the Earth’s atmosphere — into light that it can absorb via photosynthesis.
“As we contemplate growing crops in space or on Mars where you don’t have an atmosphere and are bombarded by UV rays, something like this could be helpful,” said lead researcher Joseph Richardson. “Especially as you get farther away from the sun, it’s harder to capture all of the light you’d need for photosynthesis.”
Astronomers Found a Black Hole Rotating So Fast, It Could Be Spinning Space Itself
PRABHJOTE GILL, BUSINESS INSIDER
Black holes, while fascinating, are hardly a new discovery - but ablack holespinning at one of the highest speeds ever, according to the Hindustan Times, is a completely different story - especially when there have only ever been four others like it.
A spin rate can be anywhere between 0 and 1 — this black hole was spinning at a rate of 0.9.
Alain Riazuelo of the French National Research Agency, via Wikipedia
India's AstroSat and NASA's Chandra X-Ray Observatory have confirmed the discovery of a black hole spinning very close to the limit set by Albert Einstein's theory of relativity.
According to the theory, a black hole spinning that fast can make space itself rotate.
This black hole is only one of five to have an accurately measured high spin rate.
Researchers hypothesise that this could be the key to understanding how galaxies are formed.
In 2016, India's first dedicated astronomy satellite, the AstroSat, spotted a black hole in the binary star system called 4U 1630-47, which is bursting out X-rays that astronomers found unusual.
NASA's Chandra X-Ray Observatory later confirmed the outburst.
Those X-rays were caused by gas and dust falling into the black hole, which is about 10 times the mass of the Sun, and they revealed to researchers that the object is spinning very, very rapidly.
In fact, according to NASA this particular black hole is spinning very close to the limit set by Albert Einstein's theory of relativity, according to Rodrigo Nemmen, the lead author on the research paper. That means it is spinning close to the speed of light.
Currently, scientists only have two ways of measuring black holes - either by their mass or by their spin rate. A spin rate can be anywhere between 0 and 1: this black hole was spinning at the rate of 0.9.
Einstein's theory further implies that if a black hole is spinning that fast, then it is capable of making space itself rotate.
In fact, if the conditions around black holes are hypothesised to be correct, then the high spin rate coupled with the gaseous elements entering the black hole and high temperatures, could be the key to understanding how galaxies are formed.
Including the black hole discovered by the AstroSat, there are only five black holes that have accurately measured high spin rates. Even if you're not taking spin rates into account, this black hole is one of only 20 others that have been spotted in the Milky Way galaxy.
The Indian Space Research Organisation's (ISRO) AstroSat along with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Chandra X-Ray Observatory have confirmed the speed of the spinning black hole.
The study was conducted by researchers from multiple institutions led by the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) and has been accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal.
How the pyramids in ancient Egypt were built thousands of years ago has always been a question for many scientists. However, an American author revealed a compelling theory that could cast light on why the Egyptians were motivated to embark on one of the most ambitious building projects in human history. In Amazon Prime’s 2007 documentary, “Egypt: Quest for the Lord of the Nile”, presenter Richard Bangs said: “One of the reasons may be the crocodiles."
During the annual floods, the River Nile would tear down the Egyptian valley bringing “fertile soil and lots of crocodiles”.
According to historical reports, the Nile flooded every year between June and September, in a season the Egyptians called Akhet– the inundation.
Melting snow and heavy summer rain in the Ethiopian mountains sent a torrent of water causing the banks of the Nile in Egypt to overflow on the flat desert land
The documentary explains that many of the Egyptians “equated the presence of the crocodiles with the rebirth of the dead soil”.
Is this the REAL reason ancient society built the pyramids?
(Image: Getty)
Mr Bangs suggests the pyramids were built as a place to keep precious objects in the hope that they could "carry them to the afterlife".
He said: “It gave them faith that there may, in fact, be an afterlife.
"They would build these monuments and fill then with precious objects and everyday items in hope that they could carry them alongside them to the afterlife."
The Egyptians both respected and feared the power of the crocodile as they were a real danger to them.
From the Byzantine period, the men and crocodile depict the blessing of the overflowing Nile
(Image: Getty)
The Nile, which was full of crocodiles, was important to the livelihood of the ancient society.
Crocodiles were represented by the god Sobek.
Possessing the strength and nature of a crocodile, he was a symbol of the Pharaoh's power.
Mummified crocodiles were placed in tombs to protect the dead and bring power and fertility to the hereafter.
UFO Sighting: Two spaceships seen entering source of Mount Asama volcano - shock claim
UFO Sighting: Two spaceships seen entering source of Mount Asama volcano - shock claim
TWO UFOs were seen entering a volcano in Japan and the sighting is proof aliens are visiting Earth – this is at least the shock claim of one conspiracy theorist.
On April 1, meteorologists reported the meteors zooming past Mount Asama, a Japanese volcano. A subsequent video appeared two show the fire balls flying past the source of the volcano, almost appearing as if they had entered. However, one UFO hunter claims that the burning objects were not meteors, but in fact UFOs controlled by aliens who are using Mt Asama as a base.
Prominent alien hunter Scott C Waring made the claims, and even goes as far to say the supposed ETs in control of the ‘meteors’ are millions of years more advanced than we are.
Mr Waring wrote on his blog UFO Sightings Daily: “This was reported on Twitter by a person that believed it to be a meteor strike into the mouth of a volcano.
“However I have found proof that this is 100 percent two alien craft entering an underground base. How you ask? Easy. I focused the smaller UFO to the left.
UFO Sighting: Two spaceships seen entering source of Mount Asama volcano - shock claim
(Image: GETTY)
“The smaller UFO has outlines to it, as I added contrast I saw that the object was a cube UFO (as seen below photos).
“I also added contrast to the round meteor and guess what? I found that within its centre is a cubic UFO craft disgusting as a meteor.
“Why pretend to be something you are not? They have rules, and to come to earth and enter an underground base they must follow those rules.
“When they break those rules, there are always consequences that they must pay. Basically, they fear those consequences more than they fear humans seeing them.”
"I have found proof that this is 100 percent two alien craft entering an underground base"
(Image: UFO SIGHTINGS DAILY)
This is not the first supposed alien base which has been discovered.
Alien hunters also believe Mexico’s Popocatepetl volcano is home to extraterrestrials.
Mr Waring said after an apparent UFO sighting last year: “Even the locals have reported seeing UFOs and even alien creatures on the volcano, so this video is not a surprise, but is excellent evidence that an alien base does exit there.”
A space perspective on India's recent anti-satellite weapon launch.
To piece together what happened during the anti-satellite (ASAT) weapontest-fired by India's military defense organization last week(March 27), a software company combed through information from Indian officials, radar data, existing knowledge on how past satellites have broken up — intentionally or not — and more.
Analytical Graphics Inc. (AGI) created two simulations — one published hours after Wednesday's launch and another the following day (March 28) — that aim to show the event, known as "Mission Shakti," as it might have looked from space. AGI specializes in the aerospace and defense field.
Their recent videos include information Indian officials released, such as the launch site on Abdul Kalam Island and the Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) filed that day indicating an area over the Indian Ocean blocked out for flight-safety reasons.
A still from a video animation showing what the anti-satellite weapon launched by India on March 27 may have looked like from space, just moments before the MICROSAT-R satellite struck the kinetic kill missile placed in its path.
The likely target of the ASAT was the Indian satellite MICROSAT-R, which was at an altitude of about 186 miles (300 kilometers) and passing over the NOTAM region.
"One of the other things we considered was that the target spacecraft was likely to be another Indian object to avoid any kind of international problems," Tom Johnson, vice president of engineering at AGI, said as the narrator of the March 27 "First Look" video. A day later, more information confirmed that was still the case, he said in AGI's March 28 video updated to include debris data.
AGI representatives told Space.com in an email that existing information on the missile, target and debris field so far supports AGI's theoretical models.
AGI used U.S. Air Force data to determine the satellite indeed had a change in velocity of 21 meters per second. "This is a fairly significant change to velocity, which indicates something happened to this particular object," Johnson told Space.com. He added that subsequent orbital information seemed to confirm this change.
For the most recent video, AGI created representative debris fields based on past anti-satellite tests and natural spacecraft breakups.
The red lines in this video screenshot are tracks of debris that Indian satellite MICROSAT-R may have produced when it struck the anti-satellite weapon placed in its path by India's military defense organization on March 27. The full video is a projection of what may have happened based on the available data.
"What we see from those studies is that the debris is primarily constrained to the orbit of the original object MICROSAT-R," Johnson said. "And then because of its relatively low altitude, a lot of that debris, we suspect, is going to re-enter fairly quickly within days and weeks."
India's Defence Research and Development Organisation launched MICROSAT-R in January 2019, and it subsequently entered into a low Earth orbit. This military imaging satellite weighed 1,631 lbs. (740 kilograms).
This India Press Information Bureau India photo shows the March 27 launch of "Mission Shakti," the country's first test launch of an anti-satellite weapon.
To figure out how fast the debris might be re-entering Earth's atmosphere, the team at AGI is working on getting updated orbital information to cross-check their current models. The first step is determining how much debris the radar technology actually detects.
"There are always objects that are too small to see, so what we're trying to do, what everybody is trying to do, is track the larger pieces because that's what the sensors can see," Johnson said.
Then his team has to sort out which tracks go with which pieces of debris.
"In the early stages of the game, it could be quite challenging, and it's a combination of the mathematical algorithms and the people involved," he said. Johnson added that using past ASAT tests as a reference, for instance, can take days, weeks or even months.
Mission Shakti makes India the fourth country, after Russia, China and the United States, to demonstrate ASAT capability.
As two supermassive black holes spiral around one another and merge, they create gravitational waves. With enough energy, they can "kick" themselves out of their starting spot, or even completely out of their home galaxy.
When galaxies collide, the supermassive black holes at their centers are thrown together. Sometimes the pair merge together gracefully. But if the two black holes come together with enough energy, the new black hole can be pushed away from the center of that galaxy, or even kicked out completely. Hunting for these off-center black holes can help scientists better understand how often galaxies merge as well as determine the frequency of the gravitational waves they generate.
Like all black holes, supermassive black holes absorb all light and cannot be directly seen. Instead, scientists identify them by hunting down their gravitational effects on stars, gas and dust around them. But unlike the smaller black holes generated by single stars, supermassive black holes have somewhere around 100 times the mass of the sun. Because of their huge mass, their mergers should produce gravitational waves that the European Space Agency's Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) spacecraft will be able to detect after its launch.
Intrigued by the connection to gravitational waves, Yashashree Jadhav, a graduate student at Rochester Institute of Technology in New York, began to search for supermassive black holes that were offset from the center of their galaxy. Jadhav is combing through a hundred galaxies imaged by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope to determine how many host off-center black holes. Jadhav presented her work in January at the annual winter meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Seattle, Washington.
Most galaxies show some signs of having consumed another galaxy in their past. Even the Milky Way will one day merge with its neighbor, the Andromeda Galaxy, though not for billions of years. The two galaxies don't always blend smoothly, and infalling gas and dust can collide to spark new star formation.
If both galaxies carry supermassive black holes at their hearts, there is a good chance that the pair will be brought together. But the two objects can put up a fight as they draw closer together. As the pair merge, they create gravitational waves. In order to conserve momentum, they also produce a kick that can knock the newly formed, merged supermassive black hole out of position.
"Imagine the recoil of a gun," Jadhav told Space.com. "It's basically the same, just on a much, much larger scale."
According to Jadhav’s research, the newly merged body can travel anywhere from a few hundred to several thousand kilometers per second away from where it formed, depending on how much mass the original pair started out with. That means that scientists tracing a set of gravitational waves back to their source wouldn't see the newborn supermassive black hole; they would have to look off to the side to find it.
The most powerful kicks can even hurl the young supermassive black hole completely out of the new galaxy, Jadhav said, a result that she calls "quite rare." The ejections only happen when one of the merging black holes is significantly larger than the other.
Milder kicks can push the newly merged object more than 300 light-years away from the heart of the galaxy. Over the course of about a billion years, gravity will slowly tug the merged object back to the galactic center.
Before Jadhav could determine if a black hole is off-center, she first needed to calculate the center of each galaxy. By comparing multiple archived Hubble images of the same galaxy, Jadhav was able to trace how much light was produced by all of the stars, then use that to estimate the collection's center of mass. Then, using near-infrared images, the researcher determined where the supermassive black holes actually lay and compared that location to the galactic centers.
Of the 100 objects that Jadhav and her colleagues examined, they found that roughly 20 percent lie off-center, suggesting that they had been displaced by the merger that formed them.
The next step is to use the results to help understand how often galaxies merge, a factor that Jadhav calls "arguably one of the more uncertain rates." She also hopes to use her results to better calculate how often black hole mergers should produce gravitational waves.
The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) has detected multiple gravitational-wave signals. Most of them were produced by merging black holes, although at least one came from the collision of a pair of neutron stars, the densest type of star in the universe. According to Jadhav, LIGO isn't able to detect the type of supermassive black holes that are heavy enough to generate a kick. That's because more massive objects, as well as those in wider orbits, release a longer wavelength than those LIGO is hunting.
Enter LISA, a space-based mission set to launch by 2034. LISA will operate in a lower frequency range than LIGO, allowing the spacecraft to probe a wider range of gravitational-wave sources. With her results, Jadhav hopes to estimate how many supermassive black holes LISA will be able to spot once it has been launched.
It has the potential for water and intriguing science.
NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) spacecraft revealed that as much as 22 percent of the material found in Shackleton crater, at the lunar south pole, may be made up of ice. This split image shows an elevation map (left) and a shaded-relief map (right) of Shackleton.
When Vice President Pence challenged NASA toput humans on the moon by 2024during an announcement last week, he targeted the southern lunar pole, an area rich in water as well as science.
Landing at that site might help astronauts' long-term survival on the moon and could possibly lay the groundwork for boosting future teams farther out into the solar system.
"We have known that the poles of the moon were unique environments for some time," Noah Petro, a NASA lunar astronomer in Greenbelt, Maryland, told Space.com by email. Petro is a project scientist for NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) mission currently orbiting Earth's nearest neighbor. Observations from LRO and other spacecraft have confirmed that there's water ice hidden in craters at the lunar south pole. Polar water or ice could provide both air and fuel as well as water for astronauts to drink.
Exploring "the south pole, with the possibility of water and/or ice, has the added benefit of finding a resource for future use," Petro said.
Why south pole?
When Apollo astronauts visited the moon 50 years ago, it was considered dry and barren. But the samples they returned eventually told a different story. In recent years, scientists have found "significant amounts" of hydroxyl — a chemical that includes both components of water — in the moon rocks brought home by Apollo 15, 16 and 17 astronauts.
While water may be widespread beneath the lunar surface, the last decade or so has revealed that the permanently shadowed regions of the poles hide hydrogen-rich deposits, in some cases confirmed to be water ice, beneath the upper three feet (one meter) of the lunar regolith.
While water is a requirement for humans to survive, a cool drink of lunar water isn't the only reason ice could be valuable. Once processed, the oxygen could produce vapor that could be used to supply a needed part of astronauts' breathable atmosphere. It could also be separated into hydrogen and oxygen components to be used as rocket fuel.
"These resources mined from the moon could potentially reduce the need for launching resources from Earth, which can significantly reduce the cost of deep space exploration," Debra Needham, a planetary scientist at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, told Space.com.
There is already an ongoing discussion about using the moon as a jumping-off point for Mars. By processing lunar ice into fuel, mission planners could help reduce the amount of material lifted into space from Earth, helping drive down costs. That, in turn, could help further human exploration beyond our planet.
"The farther humans venture into space, the more important it becomes to manufacture materials and products with local resources," Petro said.
Before you visit
There are still a number of things that need to be done before humans put boots on the moon again. While water-rich material has been identified at the lunar poles, scientists still want to nail down how much of it might be water and how much is ice.
"LRO has done an amazing job of telling us that there is something interesting going on there, but we should know more before sending humans," Petro said.
Needham agrees, adding that a lot of uncertainty remains about the distribution and purity of the water-rich material — information that could affect how it is extracted and used.
The technology to turn water into fuel is still in its infant stages. One of the cubesats selected to join NASA's Space Launch System (SLS) on its first flight will rely on a water-electrolysis propulsion system. Zapping the water with electricity breaks the bonds between hydrogen and water, creating a readily combustible fuel for the satellite. Once in space, the tiny satellite will test the process in microgravity.
Another problem for human explorers is dealing with the lunar day, which is 14 Earth days long. Additionally, the sun will sit extremely low in the sky at the poles, casting deep shadows over the course of the day. Needham said that such shadows would cause wide temperature swings, block communication pathways and complicate the operation of some instruments that astronauts might carry with them.
"These challenges require creative solutions that, while achievable, require additional help from orbiting assets," Needham said, adding that they could drive up the costs and complexities involved in planning a mission to the lunar poles. But that doesn't mean that such missions wouldn't be worth it.
"The knowledge and resources we stand to gain by surmounting these challenges is vast," Needham said.
Before setting up a permanent lunar outpost, engineers must also develop sustainable exploration setups that would safely allow astronauts to escape Earth, travel to the moon, move from orbit down to the surface and return home safely. NASA would also have to establish long-term assets for lodging and mobility as well as sample collection and storage. Needham said that NASA is working its way through many of these challenges, in part through its work with the SLS as well as working with international partners on other components. The results will help astronauts not only explore the moon but also move out farther into the solar system.
"There is certainly still work to be done, but we are on our way to exploring new parts of the moon and proving our capability of exploring other deep-space destinations as we push on to Mars," Needham said.
The Sahara desert has been slowly expanding southwards for decades through a region as the Sahel. Heavy grazing, deforestation, and numerous droughts have degraded the once lush Sahel, making it easy pickings for the Sahara’s expansion. In order to stave off an ecological disaster across the continent, 20 different African countries have embarked on an ambitious tree-planting programme called the ‘Great Green Wall’.The 10-mile(16-km) deep wall of green aims to stretch across 5,000 miles (8,000 kilometers) of terrain at the southern edge of the Sahara desert, arresting the desert’s spread. With so much hate surrounding the walls built to divide us, both physical and psychological, it’s refreshing to finally hear about a wall that we can all stand behind.
The green border
The Great Green Wall was first launched in 2007 at the initiative of 12 African countries — the other 9 joining later The plan is to plant trees that can resist tough droughts — such as acacias — across a narrow region stretching from Senegal in the east of Africa to Djibouti in the west of Africa.
Once complete, the wall will run through 11 countries in total. The wall is currently only about 15% complete, but the results are already showing. In Senegal alone, over 11 million trees have been planted since the project rolled out. Nigeria has seen the restoration of 12 million acres of degraded land and Ethiopia has claimed back 37 million acres of land.
Aerial photos showing the same area around Galma, a town in Niger. Left: 1975, Right: 2003 after reforestation.
Credit: USGS.
Tree planting in the Sahel has improved the area’s resilience against desertification. The green wall slows down the drying and scouring effects of the wind, restores micro-climates, and allows food crops to grow around trees which fertilize the soil. The ultimate goal of $8-billion project is to restore 100 million hectares of degraded land by 2030, which would create 350,000 rural jobs and absorb 250 million tons of CO2 from the atmosphere.
“There are many world wonders, but the Great Green Wall will be unique and everyone can be a part of its history,” said Dr. Dlamini Zuma, chairperson of the African Union Commission. “Together, we can change the future of African communities in the Sahel.”
However, since the project’s inception, some changes to the plan have been made. The idea of the Great Green Wall morphed into a program centered around indigenous land use techniques, not literally planting a forest on the edge of a desert — that would be highly impractical. “It is not necessarily a physical wall, but rather a mosaic of land use practices that ultimately will meet the expectations of a wall. It has been transformed into a metaphorical thing,” saidMohamed Bakarr, the lead environmental specialist for Global Environment Facility.
The Great Green Wall is a symbol of hope in an area where, until not too long ago, everyone was panicking over the prospect of the Sahara expanding. There is still much work ahead, though. Some are arguing that the project is moving too slowly. Seeing how the Sahel’s population is expected to double in 20 years, researchers say that regreening needs to be finished within 10 to 15 years.
A speculative view from Kepler-36b, a potential “toffee planet” that may possess stretchy, almost taffy-like rock at or near its surface. A neighboring world, Kepler-36c, rises in the background. Credit: Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian and David Aguilar
It might not occur to us surface dwellers very often, but rocks can flow—more like the way exceedingly lethargic toothpaste would rather than water. Exposed to the extreme temperatures and pressures that reign in the hellish realms far below our feet, rocks can practically swim—slowly diving down and bobbing up through much of Earth’s subsurface.
For some rocky worlds around other stars, what is true for Earth’s innards may extend right up to the surface. Super Earths—sometimes rocky exoplanets that are bigger than our pale blue dot but smaller than massive ice giants such as Neptune—have comparatively strong gravitational fields. Thanks to this extreme gravity, some scientists suspect, rocks on such worlds would flow far closer to the surface.
This arrangement would mean rocks that snap, fracture and break might only be found in thin veneers on these exoplanets’ crust. If these rocky super Earths have thick, Venus-like atmospheres or are especially close to their parent star, they might exhibit no familiarly brittle geology at their surface at all. Instead, says Paul Byrne, a planetary scientist at North Carolina State University and lead author of a study on the Super Earths, their surface rocks would be strangely malleable over long timescales, flowing a bit like the stretchy, sugary confections on offer in any earthly candy shop.
Understandably, Byrne has dubbed such worlds “toffee planets.”
The research, presented at the 50th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in the Woodlands, Tex., has yet to be peer-reviewed. That has not stopped Byrne’steam speculating on what its findings might mean for the myriad super Earths already discovered beyond our solar system. The most striking possibility is that super Earths might not be able to sustain plate tectonics—the drifting of continents and cycling of crustal rock that intimately shapes Earth. Without that process, you can say goodbye to the building of mountains, the creation of oceans and plenty of a planet’s volcanoes, and, just maybe, the evolution of complex life itself.
The science is already starting to stick in experts’ mind. “It’s a fascinating concept,” says Sara Seager, a professor of astrophysics and planetary science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In exoplanetary science, “you rarely see anything new like this. The fact that they came up with something new, that, in itself, is impressive.”
EXTRASOLAR EXTRAPOLATIONS
Byrne and his colleagues’ work hinges on defining the point at which rocks deep below a planet’s surface no longer break in a mechanical way and instead begin to move like hot plastic. This point, known as the brittle-ductile transition (BDT), depends on how the pressure and temperature change with depth. For our own world’s crust, the BDT lies about 15.5 miles below the surface, although it varies quite a bit. But what about on super Earths, where greater gravitational forces would correspondingly increase pressures on rock? At what depths would BDTs emerge on such alien planets?
Taking inspiration from their own 2017 precursor paper, the researchers compiled data from 200 preexisting studies examining the lab-based deformation of basalt and other common rock types over a wide range of pressures and temperatures. They first used these data to calculate the BDT depth for Earth, calibrating their equations until sensible numbers emerged. Then they plugged in the estimated gravitational forces prevailing on five sizable, potentially rocky exoplanets found by NASA’s late, great Kepler space telescope, from the hefty Kepler-36b to the smaller Kepler-406c.
The calculations revealed the BDT depths for those super Earths to be shockingly shallow, with some scarcely more than a mile beneath the surface. A nearby star, a suffocating atmosphere or an abundance of internal, radioactivity-generated heat could further bake the top of such a world, perhaps raising the BDT all the way to the surface, creating a full-blown toffee world.
It is always risky to make planet-scale extrapolations from a figurative handful of data points, and the researchers acknowledge their calculations make assumptions aplenty. One of them, notes Kayla Iacovino, a volcanologist and experimental petrologist at NASA’s Johnson Space Center, who was not involved in the work, is that real exoplanets most likely have complicated internal structures—a reality not taken into account in the study’s simplified approach.
Although approving of Byrne’s team’s first-order calculations and the principles behind them, Brad Foley, a geodynamicist at Pennsylvania State University, who was also not involved in the research, is skeptical of another key assumption: that the lithosphere, the uppermost mechanical layer of a planet, would be extremely thin on these rocky super Earths. A planet with ductile rocks right up to its surface could still have a thick lithosphere, he says, because lithospheric thickness is determined by how vigorously a world’s underlying mantle is churning. Because this churning is not something that the BDT significantly influences,one cannot use the BDT to gauge how thick the lithosphere is.
Although the model remains a work in progress, Iacovino says that it already demonstrates a “really cool way to take a very small data set and make inferences about what the lithospheres of extrasolar worlds might look like. It’s extremely simplified,” but because of a huge dearth of exoplanetary data, “it’s what we have to work with.”
PAINT BY NUMBERS
Byrne acknowledges that the only way to test the validity of the model is to obtain direct observational data of candidate rocky super Earths. Although there is some hope that colossal, next-generation exoplanet-spying telescopes will be able to get some vague sense of their topography, for now, such feats remain well beyond our capabilities.
With that in mind, Robert Stern, a geoscientist at the University of Texas at Dallas, who was not involved in the research, says that this ambitious work deserves credit, because these sorts of numerical models will help paint a picture of what exoplanetary geology may be like. “In my lifetime, I’ve seen the solar system turn from something that belonged to astronomers to something that belonged to geologists,” he says. “We’re not there yet with exoplanets, but you can see this is a step in that direction.”
Although incremental and provisional, the toffee worlds hypothesis could represent a sizable step indeed, as it directly addresses a question foremost in many an exoplanet-pondering geologist’s mind: Are worlds with plate tectonics common as dirt or vanishingly rare? Either way, the answer has game-changing implications.
In order for plate tectonics to exist, a planet needs a few ingredients. Water is probably vital, because it weakens the mantle and permits chunks of the planet to slip and slide that otherwise would remain immobile. A world’s plates also must be sufficiently thick and dense to sink into the mantle—a crucial step for initiating and stabilizing the tectonic cycle over eons. Water or no, toffee worlds’ wafer-thin, brittle layers would not be able to dive deep, short-circuiting the “engine” of plate tectonics before it could even start.
This concept reinforces the notion that plate tectonics is a rare feature in the cosmos, Stern says. After all, as far as we can presently see, Earth is the only planet where it operates.
Aside from making toffee planets geologically dull, the absence of plate tectonics could also significantly reduce continental erosion and runoff into any oceans. This, Stern explains, would rob toffee worlds of a nutrient pump than may have given life a huge boost on ancient Earth. Plate tectonics also acts as Earth’s thermostat, keeping the planet’s temperature stable on geological timescales by buffering the levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases. Both of these tectonic side effects may be essential for the development of complex life.
Plate tectonics certainly gives Earth’s long-term biogeochemical cycles a constant refresh, Seager says, but she speculates that having a mantle far closer to the surface could create an entirely different refreshing mechanism. Although currently unknown to science, there is nothing to say that this situation could not prop up toffee worlds’ very own biogeochemical cycles, too.
In any case, “we don’t know that plate tectonics is a requisite for habitable planets,” Byrne says, “so we certainly can’t say that toffee planets are uninhabitable.”
CONTROVERSIAL CONFECTIONARY
The most contentious aspect of this thought-provoking study is not actually about any of the science. It is about the name for these possible exoplanets.
The team is composed of researchers hailing from the U.K. and Ireland. “To us,” Byrne says, “‘toffee’ means something soft and chewy.” Scientists from North America tend not to see the word that way, considering toffee to be a hard, crunchy treat. Byrne suggests “taffy” or “fudge” might be better, and a Twitter poll he ran put “squidgy” on par with “toffee” as participants’ preferred nomenclature.
Things have become even more complicated with the discovery by NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) of a brand-new confirmed rocky super Earth, HD 213885b. Byrne’s calculations suggest that this newfound world might be a toffee planet, with a brittle layer just more than two miles thick. The problem is that the radiation from HD 213885b’s parent star is akin to that of 55 Cancri e, another known rocky super Earth whose dayside is entirely molten.
“If HD 213885b is similarly hot, then any lack of rigidity at the surface won’t be from relatively higher surface gravity so much as the floor being lava,” Byrne says. It’s not quite a toffee planet, then, but something very close.
Maybe, he suggests, “fondue planets” are a thing, too.
The hit Netflix seriesStranger Thingswas clearly influenced by Steven Spielberg and Stephen King, with a heaping helping of The X-Files and Twin Peaks thrown in for good measure. But some of its creepiest source material comes from the real world. Past the plot points about the Upside-Down and the slime monsters among us are references to government mind-control programs and covert experiments in telepathy that actually took place in the U.S. throughout the 20th century – like MKUltra and Stargate Project.
In an interview with Rolling Stone, Matt and Ross Duffer, the brothers behind the show, mentioned some of this inspiration: “We wanted the supernatural element to be grounded in science in some way,” Matt says. “As ridiculous as it is, the monster [in the alternate dimension] doesn’t come from a spiritual domain and it’s not connected to any religion. It made it scarier. I don’t believe in ghosts, but I believe in aliens and alternate dimensions.”
But which elements are more fact than fiction? Here are five examples from the show that had real-life equivalents – some of them freaky enough to make monsters look like an appealing alternative. Obviously spoilers abound, so come back later if you’re not done with the show yet.
Government-Funded Drug Experiments When Chief Hopper tracks down Terry Ives, the woman who attempted to sue the government for abuse after what happened to her at Hawkins, he and Ives’ sister talk about “Project MKUltra.” Though it sounds like what conspiracy theorists’ wet dreams are made of, MKUltra was a real government program funded by the CIA that went on from the 1950s to the early 1970s. It tested countless subjects at over 80 institutions, many of which were fronts funded by the government and filtered to schools, private hospitals and even a couple jails.
Most of the documents relating to the project were destroyed by the CIA in 1973 because of course they were, but what we know comes from witness testimony, a couple congressional investigations and a cache of 20,000 incorrectly-filed budgetary documents found during a Freedom of Information Act request in 1977. It’s enough to paint a terrifying picture of a wide-ranging government project that sought to capitalize on mind-control techniques that could, theoretically, be used against enemies during the Cold War.
Of particular interest to the government were the drugs that could be used to extract sensitive information, especially LSD. Researchers tried to see if hallucinogens had the power to control minds, erase memories and even work as truth serum. It’s hard to know exactly how far-reaching the experiments were or who knew about them (even some of the researchers involved had no idea they were participating in a government-funded project), but the transcript of the 1977 Select Committee on Intelligence is a fascinating read – and not only for the reference to the MKUltra subproject that studied “magicians’ arts as applied to covert operations.”
Were any of these experiments performed on women who didn’t know they were pregnant? Did those pregnancies then yield psychokinetic children that could be used as secret government weapons? For some reason, that doesn’t appear in the transcript, so let’s rule it a solid “maybe.”
Sensory Deprivation When not being used to coerce testimony out of suspected terrorists at government black sites, sensory deprivation can be a relaxing and meditative experience probably happening at a spa near you. In Stranger Things, sensory deprivation tanks are used to trigger Eleven’s powers to help her listen in on far-away conversations and sneak up on the monster from the Upside Down. In real life, they mostly trigger hallucinations.
First invented in the 1950s by neuroscientist and dolphin enthusiast John C. Lilly, the isolation tank (like the saltwater kiddie pool seen on the show) was developed as a means of sensory deprivation. Lilly was nice enough to test it on himself first, but sensory deprivation didn’t stay nice for long. While working on a subproject of MKUltra, psychiatrist Dr. Donald Ewen Cameron used a combination of hallucinatory drugs like LSD, electroshock therapy and sensory deprivation on unwitting patients, many of whom came in for things as innocuous as anxiety treatment. Though it’s not clear whether he was using a tank or some other form of sensory deprivation – like earplugs and blindfolds – some of the patients who underwent his experiments ended up permanently comatose. That hasn’t stopped sensory deprivation’s proliferation or use by the government, nor has the long-standing debate over whether it constitutes torture.
Child Test Subjects There’s no evidence to suggest MKUltra experiments were actually performed on kids, but Cathy O’Brien sure thinks they were. O’Brien has written twobooks about her experiences in a government-funded program called Project Monarch, which involved testing mind-control techniques on children. According to the project’s truthers (of which there are quite a few), the government’s goal in recruiting children for mind-control experiments was to hopefully create the perfect super-soldier – which sounds a lot like Stranger Things, actually. There are also claims that it involved child sexual abuse and experiments based on the work of Heinrich Himmler during the Third Reich. Again, there is absolutely no evidence that Project Monarch existed but the conspiracy-minded among us still want to believe.
Telepathy Experiments Sure, Project MKUltra gets the shout-out in Stranger Things, but the tests on Eleven’s abilities actually seem to hearken back to something called Stargate Project. After all, MKUltra was supposedly over by the 1983 setting of the show, but Stargate was just getting warmed up. Funded by the U.S. Army, the project aimed to research paranormal phenomena that could be of use to the military, including but not limited to psychokinesis, mind-reading, and “remote viewings” of events and conversations – like when Eleven listens in on a Russian man’s conversation. The government even hired a psychic headhunter to recruit candidates. The 2004 book-turned-movie The Men Who Stare at Goats is about the Stargate experiments that tested telekinetic ability by having men do just what the title suggests in an attempt to kill the animals with their mind. Eleven is part of a similar experiment at Hawkins Lab when she’s asked to kill a cat by staring it, though that’s much less funny than goats for some reason.
Death Cover-Ups The government researchers of Hawkins rack up quite a body count in Stranger Things(#JusticeForBarb), but there was a death toll in real-life too. The most famous case of an MKUltra-related death is that of Frank Olson. In 1953, Olson was a biochemist at a lab that was conducting LSD experiments for the government. The government’s account that he knowingly ingested the drug is contest by his family, but either way, a short time after he partook in one experiment, he quit his job in the government, checked into a thirteenth-floor New York City hotel room and fell to his death from the window. The official government report suggests that Olson knew he was taking the LSD and it exacerbated his nascent suicidal tendencies, but his family maintained that he was murdered for knowing too much. They received a $750,000 settlement from the government in 1975. Then, in 1994, his body was exhumed and a coroner noticed head injuries that suggested Olson had been knocked unconscious before his death. The medical examiner thought his injuries were consistent with a homicide and the family sued for wrongful death in 2012, but a judge later dismissed it.
Archaeologists have discovered stunning evidence of an ancient society in Bolivia that worshiped religious deities and made ritual offerings hundreds of years before the Incas arrived.
A dive near the Island of the Sun in Lake Titicaca unearthed a trove of artifacts dating as far back as the year 500 A.D., including puma-shaped incense burners, gold, shell, and stone ornaments, and sacrificed juvenile llamas.
The discovery indicates the Tiwanaku people who lived in the region practiced an organized religion that long-predates the Incas, and may have been the first in the area to do so.
Archaeologists have discovered stunning evidence of an ancient society in Bolivia that worshiped religious deities and made ritual offerings hundreds of years before the Incas arrived
WHO WERE THE TIWANAKU PEOPLE?
The Tiwanaku people lived in western Bolivia near Lake Titicaca between 500 and 1,100 AD.
New research indicates they had an organized religion and made offerings to the deities well before the Incas arrived to the area.
Experts estimate they reached their peak around 800 A.D, with a population that blossomed to as many as 20,000 people.
The puma was an important symbol of their religion, and is often found with Tiwanaku artifacts.
In a new paper published in proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers conducted underwater excavations in the Khoa Reef using 3D photogrammetry to map the site.
Despite its Inca associations, the researchers say it was the Tiwanaku who first chose this location as a place of worship.
‘People often associate the Island of the Sun with the Incas because it was an important pilgrimage location for them and because they left behind numerous ceremonial buildings and offerings on and around this island,’ said Jose Capriles, assistant professor of anthropology, Penn State.
‘Our research shows that the Tiwanaku people, who developed in Lake Titicaca between 500 and 1,100 AD, were the first people to offer items of value to religious deities in the area.’
Using a water-dredge, they recovered a slew of Tiwanaku offerings, including ceramic incense burners modeled after pumas, sacrificed juvenile llamas, and ornaments.
According to the researchers, the puma was an important religious symbol.
‘The findings, and especially the ceramic puma-shaped incense burners, are significant because they help us gain a broader understanding of the ritual behavior and religion of the Tiwanaku state – a society that preceded the Incas by several hundred years,’ said Christophe Delaere, postdoctoral fellow at the University of Oxford Centre for Maritime Archaeology and research associate at the Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
It’s also likely that the items were sunk on purpose, the team says.
A dive near the Island of the Sun in Lake Titicaca unearthed a trove of artifacts dating as far back as the year 500 A.D., including puma-shaped incense burners, gold, shell, and stone ornaments, and sacrificed juvenile llamas
In a new paper published in proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers conducted underwater excavations in the Khoa Reef using 3D photogrammetry to map the site. Using a water-dredge, they recovered a slew of Tiwanaku offerings
‘The presence of anchor near the offerings suggests that officiating authorities may have deposited the offerings during rituals held from boats,’ Capriles said.
And, the location at the center of the Andes Mountains would have been key in the ceremonies.
‘It was a strategic and ritually charged place,’ Capriles said.
‘At the Island of the Sun and the Khoa Reef, religious specialists could come together for sacred ceremonies.
‘The ritual offerings they made here demonstrate the transitioning of societies from more local-based religious systems to something that had a more ambitious geopolitical and spiritual appeal.’
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Archaeologists discover ancient religious offerings at Lake Titicaca
Findings, such as this bowl, allowed the researchers to reconstruct the structure and significance of repeated state rituals by the Tiwanaku people. Credit: Teddy Seguin
An ancient group of people made ritual offerings to supernatural deities near the Island of the Sun in Lake Titicaca, Bolivia, about 500 years earlier than the Incas, according to an international team of researchers. The team's findings suggest that organized religion emerged much earlier in the region than previously thought.
"People often associate the Island of the Sun with the Incas because it was an important pilgrimage location for them and because they left behind numerous ceremonial buildings and offerings on and around this island," said Jose Capriles, assistant professor of anthropology, Penn State. "Our research shows that the Tiwanaku people, who developed in Lake Titicaca between 500 and 1,100 AD, were the first people to offer items of value to religious deities in the area."
The Incas, Capriles noted, did not arrive in the Lake Titicaca region until around the 15th century AD.
A team lead by Christophe Delaere, postdoctoral fellow at the University of Oxford Centre for Maritime Archaeology and research associate at the Universite Libre de Bruxelles, conducted underwater archaeological excavations in the Khoa Reef near the Island of the Sun. The archaeologists used sonar and underwater three-dimensional photogrammetry to scan and map the reef. They used a water-dredge to excavate the sediment and measured and weighed all the archaeological materials they uncovered. Their results appear today (April 1) in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
In particular, the team found ritual offerings consisting of ceramic feline incense burners; sacrificed juvenile llamas; and gold, shell and stone ornaments.
"The findings, and especially the ceramic puma-shaped incense burners, are significant because they help us gain a broader understanding of the ritual behavior and religion of the Tiwanaku state—a society that preceded the Incas by several hundred years," said Delaere.
The team found ritual offerings consisting of ceramic feline incense burners; sacrificed juvenile llamas; and gold, shell and stone ornaments Credit: Teddy Seguin
The puma was an important religious symbol to the Tiwanaku, Delaere added.
Another observation made by the team was that the religious offerings appear to have been made intentionally to be submerged underwater.
"The presence of anchors near the offerings suggests that officiating authorities may have deposited the offerings during rituals held from boats," said Capriles.
According to Capriles, the Island of the Sun was likely important to the Tiwanaku people because of its natural beauty, but also because of its location at the center of the Andes Mountains.
"It was a strategic and ritually charged place," said Capriles. "At the Island of the Sun and the Khoa Reef, religious specialists could come together for sacred ceremonies. The ritual offerings they made here demonstrate the transitioning of societies from more local-based religious systems to something that had a more ambitious geopolitical and spiritual appeal."
In turn, he added, this emergence of organized religion likely led to consolidation of the groups of people living around the lake and the emergence of the Tiwanaku state, characterized by political hierarchy.
A reef in the middle of Lake Titicaca in Bolivia was the location where many people’s valuable items were placed approximately 1,200 years ago. Underwater archaeologists discovered the ancient items in 2013 and now they believe that they finally know what they represented many years ago – a mysterious religion that is believed to have aided the Tiwanaku state grow into a powerful force in that part of the world.
The Tiwanaku state was in existence between 500 A.D. and 1000 A.D. and at its height it was extended all the way to Chile and Peru. The state was also thought to have had a lot of influence because of trade and religion. While a lot of evidence has been recovered in regards to their religious beliefs, archaeologists are still trying to figure out the deeper meaning behind their religion as well as how it may have helped the expansion of the state.
Lake Titicaca
Khoa reef, which is located close to the Island of the Sun, is believed to have been used as a ritualistic site as gold objects, semiprecious stones, metal ornaments, and incense burners have been found there. Other artifacts include two gold medallions that show Tiwanaku’s ray-faced deity, as well as metal plaques that have a mythical puma-llama hybrid on them. The divers even found the remains of several animals, including the bones of at least three young llamas that appear to have been sacrificed.
Five of the items that were discovered were made from Spondylus shells (and one complete shell) which surprised the team, as they’re only found in the Pacific Ocean – more than 1,200 miles away from Lake Titicaca. The discovery indicates that the shells were quite valuable and that the Tiwanaku people had a prominent trading relationship with others.
There’s still the question of why such valuable items were placed into the lake. José M. Capriles, who is an anthropologist and assistant professor of anthropology at Penn State University, believes that the sacrifices are proof of a religious tradition that helped the Tiwanaku state. Since the worshipers sacrificed their valuable objects, it showed how committed they were to the new religion. “These deities that people are creating are becoming institutions that govern behavior,” Capriles stated.
Lake Titicaca
Behaviours and morality were very important with this new religion. “If you behave well, you are immortal,” explained Capriles, “But if you’re bad, you are going to get punished by the chief’s deity.” And with the religious followers moving to different places, they could share their beliefs with others and that’s what helped expand the Tiwanaku state.
The society once had political, economic and cultural power before collapsing in 1000 A.D. Paul Goldstein, who is an archaeologist in the Department of Anthropology at UC San Diego, said, “The Tiwanaku is the greatest Native American empire that many Americans have never heard of.” He continued on by stating, “Every time we find something that reflects the complexity of the society, it adds to our deeper knowledge of the origins of complex societies worldwide.”
Although the Tiwanaku state no longer exists, the discovery of these ancient artifacts allows us to learn more about them and their religious beliefs. Capriles said it best by stating, “They were grateful, they made offerings. They were just people like you and me.”
The Trindade Island’s UFO sighting refers to an occurrence which took place on January 16, 1958. Island itself is a part of the archipelago located in the Atlantic Ocean, 1000 km from the east coast of Brazil. Photographic evidence, along with people witnessing the sighting, makes it one of the most debated accidents involving UFO. So much so that the topic has been garnering attention even in 2010. When it became a subject of a major Brazilian TV show.
It was claimed that the sighting was a hoax and photographer had a history of manipulating photos. However, it should be noted, that investigation which followed the event did not reach the same conclusion. In fact, Brazilian officials and navy were heavily involved in the case and according to the photographer, were afraid of the consequences and panic that would ensue if the general public became aware of them.
The person of interest in Trindade Island’s UFO sighting was a well-known photographer, AlmiroBarauna. He was on a ship belonging to Brazilian navy – Almirante Saldahna. The expedition was part of an international scientific project, known as IGY (International Geophysical Year), whose purpose was to study phenomena associated with earth sciences (e.g. gravity, solar activity, and meteorology). The occurrence took place at 11 a.m. and was witnessed by a ship’s captain and team of scientists. After informing AlmiroBarauna about it, he was able to take several pictures, before the object disappeared.
After ship returned to the mainland, pictures were heavily analyzed by Brazilian Navy’s Aerial Reconnaissance Laboratory, which deemed them genuine. Even though there was an attempt to keep Trindade Island’s UFO sighting a secret, it received worldwide publicity when then President of Brazil, JuscelinoKubitschek decided to go public with it.
Allegations about the inauthenticity of the photos surfaced in 2010. On a TV show Fantastico, friend of AlmiroBarauna accused him of faking the pictures by photographing two spoons combined with his refrigerator on the background. This, however, gave rise to a new questions. Firstly, before the sighting, Barauna published an article in a newspaper, about how UFO sighting could be faked. The method described in the article was the same he allegedly used for this hoax. However, this does not make sense because of two reasons.
First, it seems unlikely that Barauna would himself publish an incriminating article and then proceed to use the same method to lie to the public. He was a well-known photographer and a highly skilled one. It is hard to imagine that, if he indeed planned to commit a hoax, he would not foresee how his article would work against him. Secondly, the statement about him using his refrigerator as a background does not make much sense. Photos were taken on a ship. This was confirmed by the ship’s captain and scientist present on board. Why highly respected people would commit to this hoax, remains an unanswered question.
Finally here is what naval report of this accident had to say about Trindade Island’s UFO sighting: “Finally the existence of personal testimonies and of a photographer, of some value given the circumstances, permit the admission that there are indications of the existence of UFO. Brazilian naval report.”
USS Nimitz UFO incident took place during November of 2004 when U.S. fighter pilots encountered an unidentified flying object, which later become known as “tic-tac”. In 2017 the footage of the occurrence was released to the public and became one of the most hotly discussed topics among ufologists.
The video itself does not offer a clear image, due to the nature of radar systems. However, there are several factors that make this case one of the most fascinating studies in the field. Firstly, the existence of an audio recording of pilots experiencing the visual contact the object. Secondly, Interview given by one of the pilots. Thirdly, a report was done by Washington post about Department of Defense’s operations to analyze the sighting and was later confirmed by the Pentagon itself, giving the sighting more legitimacy.
David Fravor, a Navy Pilot with decades of experience, is the centerpiece of USS Nimitz UFO incident. His skepticism in the subject quickly evaporated, when the training mission encountered something that could not be explained. Skeptics often explain such events by a secretive technology being tested, weather balloons, or unreliability of the witnesses. None of them applies to this eye witness.
Not only would he be aware of something that could be explained by our current technologic capabilities, but also the routine nature of their training operations would make the area unsuitable for any testing by different military branches. This also makes him immune to the claims of him not being able to differentiate something as mundane as a weather balloon, natural occurrence or mechanical dysfunction from UFO.
One of the main reasons that cause the USS Nimitz UFO incident to be a fascinating study is its continuous nature. The encounter with “tic-tac” was not a one-off incident. US Navy was following the unknown object for almost two weeks. At one point over 8 objects were seen on the radar. This was not some sort of the glitch on a radar system of the single ship. This was an organized operation by a fleet of ships to track down an unknown intruder.
The occurrence, in which David Fravor took part in when he and several other pilots directly encountered the UFO was a culmination of the chase. However, even after that event, several anomalies on the ocean surface where seen. Some point looked disturbed as if something has been hovering over them, however, no further visual contact was made. What truly transpired during USS Nimitz UFO incident is debated till this day. Several things are known for certain, the U.S. Navy fleet deemed the occurrence noteworthy enough to initiate the chase, which lasted for two weeks. No one who took the part in it can give an explanation of what happened.
David Fravor, a veteran Navy pilot was shaken by the incident and after 2 years retired from the navy. He said that after his jet returned to the carrier, his description of the events were ridiculed by his colleagues. What showed up on U.S. fleets radars for two weeks and what managed to evade most sophisticated military in the world, remains a mystery till this day.
Today, there are literally dozens of cases on file concerning the Black Eyed Children; however, the most important one of all, is, of course, the first case. Or, at least, the first reported case. It comes from a mannamed Brian Bethel, a respected journalist, whose story first began to circulate in the late 1990s. As fate would have it, and on the night in question, Bethel – of Abilene, Texas – realized he had forgotten to pay a bill, and so he got in his vehicle, with the intent of depositing a check in an after-hours drop-box. It was coming up to 10:00 p.m. when Bethel arrived at the location, which was situated at a shopping mall. As Bethel sat in his vehicle, writing out the check, he was interrupted in terrifying style by a loud tapping on the driver’s window.
As he quickly looked up, Bethel was confronted by a pair of young boys who, at first glance, in the darkness and the shadows, appeared normal. Matters very quickly became deeply strange, however. In no time at all, Bethel developed a disturbing sense that all was not well. It was as if a malignant atmosphere had suddenly descended and blanketed his vehicle, and as if out of nowhere. Bethel was careful to only wind the window down to a small degree, and asked the boys what they wanted. They came up with a story that sounded most unlikely and left Bethel feeling very uneasy; frightened, even. They claimed to need a ride back home, so that they could get some money and then go and see a movie. “C’mon mister, let us in. We can’t get in your car until you do, you know,” said one. It was at this point that Bethel finally saw the eyes of the pair: they were completely black, with no iris or pupil anywhere in sight. Bethel knew exactly what he had to do: he hit the accelerator and was gone. And so were the BECs: as Bethel looked back, they had seemingly vanished, and impossibly quickly, too.
Experiences like that of Brian Bethel abound. In 2011, I investigated the case of a woman named Alison who had a very similar experience in the previous year, 2010, at an Orange County, California motel. It was around 11:00 p.m. when a loud knock at the door made Alison practically jump out of her skin – as, at the time, she was laid out on the bed, engrossed in a movie. Rather weirdly, the movie was Roman Polanski’s 1967 movie, Rosemary’s Baby, which tells the story of a woman who gives birth to a demonic baby. Alison tentatively got up and tiptoed to the door, peering through the spy-hole. She could see two young boys, both in black hoodies, stood right in front of the door.
As if realizing that Alison was silently, and worriedly, watching them, one of the boys leaned into the spyhole and said, “Please let us in, we need to use the telephone.” Not only did the request send shivers throughout Alison’s, but the fact that the boy deliberately kept his face pointed downwards, while looming into view, and his eyes in shadow, only added to the menace.
Then, something very disturbing happened: Alison felt as if an evil force was taking over her own self-will and was trying to make her to open the door to her late night callers of the sinister kind. It took a supreme effort on Alison’s part not to unlock and open the door. Fortunately, she was able to fight off what became, she said, a “need” to let the children in. Having regained her wits and sense of self-preservation, Alison looked again through the spyhole, only to see the boy staring right at her…through a pair of solid black eyes. She screamed, jump back, and called the night-manager, who was on the scene in no time at all. The BECs were nowhere in sight.
It’s worth noting another UFO connection in the uncanny saga of the Black Eyed Children: they have deep parallels to the notorious Men in Black, who have, since 1947, terrorized and intimidated into silence numerous witnesses to UFOs. Just like the BECs, the Men in Black have a propensity for knocking on doors late at night. The two mirror each other in other fashions, too: like their child counterparts, the MIB will not enter a home until they are specifically invited to do so (shades of ancient vampire lore). Both the MIB and the BEC wear black. Both wear head-gear: hoodies for the Black-Eyed Children, and 1950s-era fedoras for the MIB. And there is another intriguing issue: very often the Men in Black wear thick, wraparound, black sunglasses. One has to wonder if this is done not just to provoke a menacing atmosphere, but to mask a pair of emotion-free, solid, black eyes. In that sense, and just perhaps, the Men in Black and the Black Eyed Children are one and the same: one in adult form and the other in child form, but both following the same secret agenda – whatever that may really be. So, where does that all leave us? Well, it admittedly leaves us with a lot of questions. But they are questions that a certain, acclaimed and dedicated researcher of the Black Eyed has done his very best to resolve.
Undoubtedly the leading investigator in this field, and the author of the book, The Black Eyed Children, David Weatherly has collected and studied dozens of such cases, demonstrating the sheer scale of these weird and unsettling events. David’s work has addressed a variety of theories for the presence of the BECs: that they might be demonic in nature, or predatory spirits, or possibly even products of the human mind, given some semblance of physical life in the real world. We will leave the final words on this issue to David: “An even more sinister theory that has followers, postulates that the grays are actually attempting to take over our world by slowly breeding us out and phasing in beings with alien DNA. Over time the human race will fade away to be replaced by the ‘superior’ DNA of the gray aliens, adherents say”
Spiraling Giants: Astronomers Witness the Birth of a Massive Binary Star System
Spiraling Giants: Astronomers Witness the Birth of a Massive Binary Star System
ALMA image of the IRAS-07299 star-forming region and the massive binary system at its center. The background image shows dense, dusty streams of gas (shown in green) that appear to be flowing toward the center of the system. Gas that is moving toward us — as traced by the methanol molecule — is shown in blue; motions away from us in red. The inset image shows a zoom-in view of the massive forming binary, with the brighter, primary protostar moving toward us shown in blue and the fainter, secondary protostar moving away from us shown in red. The blue and red dotted lines show an example of orbits of the primary and secondary spiraling around their center of mass (marked by the cross).
Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO); RIKEN, Zhang et al
Scientists from the RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research in Japan,the Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden,and the University of Virginia in the USA and collaborators used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to observe a molecular cloud that is collapsing to form two massive protostars that will eventually become a binary star system.
While it is known that most massive stars possess orbiting stellar companions it has been unclear how this comes about – for example, are the stars born together from a common spiraling gas disk at the center of a collapsing cloud, or do they pair up later by chance encounters in a crowded star cluster.
Understanding the dynamics of forming binaries has been difficult because the protostars in these systems are still enveloped in a thick cloud of gas and dust that prevents most light from escaping. Fortunately, it is possible to see them using radio waves, as long as they can be imaged with sufficiently high spatial resolution.
In the current research, published in Nature Astronomy, the researchers led by Yichen Zhang of the RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research and Jonathan C. Tan at the Chalmers University,and the University of Virginia, used ALMAto observe, at high spatial resolution, a star-forming region known as IRAS07299-1651, which is located 1.68 kiloparsecs, or about 5,500 light years, away.
Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO); RIKEN, Zhang et al’
The observations showed that already at this early stage, the cloud contains two objects, a massive “primary” central star and another “secondary” forming star, also of high mass. For the first time, the research team was able to use these observations to deduce the dynamics of the system. The observations showed that the two forming stars are separated by a distance of about 180 astronomical units—a unit approximately the distance from the earth to the sun. Hence, they are quite far apart. They are currently orbiting each other with a period of at most 600 years and have a total mass at least 18 times that of our Sun.
According to Zhang, “This is an exciting finding because we have long been perplexed by the question of whether stars form into binaries during the initial collapse of the star-forming cloud or whether they are created during later stages. Our observations clearly show that the division into binary stars takes place early on, while they are still in their infancy.”
Movie composed of images taken by ALMA showing the gas streams, as traced by the methanol molecule, with different line-of-sight color-coded velocities, around the massive binary protostar system. The grey background image shows the overall distribution, from all velocities, of dust emission from the dense gas streams.
Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO); RIKEN, Zhang et al’
Another finding of the study was that the binary stars are being nurtured from a common disk fed by the collapsing cloud and favoring a scenario in which the secondary star of the binary formed as a result of fragmentation of the disk originally around the primary. This allows the initially smaller secondary protostar to “steal” infalling matter from its sibling and eventually they should emerge as quite similar “twins”.
Tan adds, “This is an important result for understanding the birth of massive stars. Such stars are important throughout the universe, not least for producing, at the ends of their lives, the heavy elements that make up our Earth and are in our bodies.”
Zhang concludes, “What is important now is to look at other examples to see whether this is a unique situation or something that is common for the birth of all massive stars.”
Contacts and sources:
Charles E. Blue, The National Radio Astronomy Observatory Nicolás Lira ALMA Observatory
Jens Wilkinson, RIKEN
Citation:
Yichen Zhang, Jonathan C. Tan, Kei E. I. Tanaka, James M. De Buizer, Mengyao Liu, Maria T. Beltrán, Kaitlin Kratter, Diego Mardones and Guido Garay, Dynamics of a massive binary at birth, Nature Astronomy (2019), doi: 10.1038/s41550-019-0718-y
.@CarnegieAstro's Tony Piro was part of a @Caltech-led team of astronomers who observed the peculiar death of a massive star that exploded in a surprisingly faint and rapidly fading supernova, possibly creating a compact neutron star binary system.
Scientists may not know what or where dark matter is but they are pretty sure they know one thing it isn’t.
An international team of researchers has put a theory speculated by the late Stephen Hawking to its most rigorous test to date, and their results have ruled out the possibility that primordial black holes smaller than a tenth of a millimeter make up most of dark matter. Details of their study have been published in this week’s Nature Astronomy.
Scientists know that 85 per cent of the matter in the Universe is made up of dark matter. Its gravitational force prevents stars in our Milky Way from flying apart. However, attempts to detect such dark matter particles using underground experiments, or accelerator experiments including the world’s largest accelerator, the Large Hadron Collider, have failed so far.
The Milky Way galaxy (left) and the Andromeda galaxy (right) are separated by 2.6 million light years. Compared with the areas where stars are clustered together, dark matter is believed to be distributed over a much larger volume.
Credit: Kavli IPMU
This has led scientists to consider Hawking’s 1974 theory of the existence of primordial black holes, born shortly after the Big Bang, and his speculation that they could make up a large fraction of the elusive dark matter scientists are trying to discover today.
An international team of researchers, led by Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe Principal Investigator Masahiro Takada, PhD candidate student Hiroko Niikura, Professor Naoki Yasuda, and including researchers from Japan, India and the US, have used the gravitational lensing effect to look for primordial black holes between Earth and the Andromeda galaxy. Gravitational lensing, an effect first suggested by Albert Einstein, manifests itself as the bending of light rays coming from a distant object such as a star due to the gravitational effect of an intervening massive object such as a primordial black hole. In extreme cases, such light bending causes the background star to appear much brighter than it originally is.
As the Subaru Telescope on Earth looks at the Andromeda galaxy, a star in Andromeda will become significantly brighter if a primordial black hole passes in front of the star. As the primordial black hole continues to move out of alignment, the star will also turn dimmer (go back to its original brightness).
Credit: Kavli IPMU
However, gravitational lensing effects are very rare events because it requires a star in the Andromeda galaxy, a primordial black hole acting as the gravitational lens, and an observer on Earth to be exactly in line with one another. So to maximize the chances of capturing an event, the researchers used the Hyper Suprime-Cam digital camera on the Subaru telescope in Hawaii, which can capture the whole image of the Andromeda galaxy in one shot. Taking into account how fast primordial black holes are expected to move in interstellar space, the team took multiple images to be able to catch the flicker of a star as it brightens for a period of a few minutes to hours due to gravitational lensing.
From 190 consecutive images of the Andromeda galaxy taken over seven hours during one clear night, the team scoured the data for potential gravitational lensing events. If dark matter consists of primordial black holes of a given mass, in this case masses lighter than the moon, the researchers expected to find about 1000 events. But after careful analyses, they could only identify one case. The team’s results showed primordial black holes can contribute no more than 0.1 per cent of all dark matter mass. Therefore, it is unlikely the theory is true.
Data from the star which showed characteristics of being magnified by a potential gravitational lens, possibly by a primordial black hole. About 4 hours after data taking on the Subaru Telescope began, one star began to shine brighter. Less than an hour later, the star reached peak brightness before becoming dimmer.
Credit: Niikura et al.
The researchers are now planning to further develop their analysis of the Andromeda galaxy. One new theory they will investigate is to find whether binary black holes discovered by gravitational wave detector LIGO are in fact primordial black holes.
Contacts and sources:
Motoko Kakubayashi Kavli Institute For The Physics And Mathematics Of The Universeµ
Citation: Microlensing constraints on primordial black holes with Subaru/HSC Andromeda observations Hiroko Niikura, Masahiro Takada, Naoki Yasuda, Robert H. Lupton, Takahiro Sumi, Surhud More, Toshiki Kurita, Sunao Sugiyama, Anupreeta More, Masamune Oguri & Masashi Chiba Nature Astronomy (2019) https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-019-0723-1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41550-019-0723-1
This was reported on Twitter by a person that believed it to be a meteor strike into the mouth of a volcano. However I have found proof that this is 100% two alien craft entering an underground base. How you ask? Easy. I focused the smaller UFO to the left. The smaller UFO has outlines to it...as I added contrast I saw that the object was a cube UFO (as seen below photos). I also added contrast to the round meteor...and guess what? I found that within its center is a cubic UFO craft disgusting as a meteor. Look at the bottom of this post to see the actual craft within the fake meteor.
Why pretend to be something you are not? They have rules, and to come to earth and enter an underground base they must follow those rules. When they break those rules, there are always consequences that they must pay. Basically, they fear those consequences more than they fear humans seeing them. Kinda like the Star Trek Prime Directive, but these species are millions of years more advanced than the Star Trek crew.
Scott C. Waring-Taiwan
The above 3 photos show the smaller UFO close up, entering the UFO. The bottom 3 photos shows the larger UFO close up.
The actual UFO within the large meteor light is clearly a intelligently built craft.
Cube UFO Over Glenrowan, Australia Caught On Video During Day Sighting, April 2, 2019, UFO Sighting News.
Cube UFO Over Glenrowan, Australia Caught On Video During Day Sighting, April 2, 2019, UFO Sighting News.
Did you notice that the above photo is a cube shape with a wing on each side?
Date of sighting: April 2, 2019
Location of sighting: Glenrowan, Australia
This amazingly beautiful UFO was seen over Australia yesterday. The UFO is not changing shape, but only fading in and out of our visual field. It has an electical field around it which is causing a blur every few moments. The UFO has a cube shape with two wings. We were lucky to have this eyewitness watching the skies for us in Glenrowan, otherwise this amazing evidence never would have come to light.
UFOs are everywhere, over every city, every country, every body of water in the world. So keep an eye out and post any catch to Youtube so I and others can find it.
UFO Fleet Hovering Over LAX Airport Area March 27, 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Fleet Hovering Over LAX Airport Area March 27, 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: March 27, 2019
Location of sighting: Los Angeles, California, USA
These UFOs were seen over Los Angeles near the LAX airport last week. The eyewitness is an experience person who often sees aircraft since they work for a company called Menzies Aviation...as seen on the side of the fuel truck in the video. The objects in the sky are dark black and hovering in place. They do strange fade in and out of focus. I don't believe its the cameras focus problem, but I do think its the UFO which is equipped with a camouflage shield that reflects the nearby colors of the sky and cloud. That shield is working off and on for some odd reason. I would guess that aliens accounted for our atmosphere when adjusting their shields, however probably did not take into account the depth of the air pollution in Los Angeles...which by the way, East Los Angeles is my place of birth, so yeah, I know its history with UFOs. My mom was there during the Battle of Los Angeles UFO sighting in the 1940s.
Scott C. Waring-Taiwan
Eyewitness states:
I constantly look up and try to record what i see out of context subscribe to stay updated cause i only post raw stuff not trying to feed false information.
Mysterious UFO Flying Near A Secret Base Baffles US Military
Mysterious UFO Flying Near A Secret Base Baffles US Military
A UFO that fell near a top-secret military base has left the U.S. Air Force baffled after confirming to reporters that the object in question was not one of their planes. When residents in Anchorage, Alaska saw the UFO, they initially suspected the involvement of the local American base, but the Air Force stepped in to deny their participation.
Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson spokeswoman Erin Eaton said the UFO sighting wasn’t linked to any experiment or test at the base. The base is the home of advanced stealth fighter jets and command planes.
She said that it did not look like any of their planes.
Federal Aviation Administration also confirmed that the object in the footage wasn’t an aircraft. FAA officials added that it had not received any reports of aviation concerns at the time.
However, director Peter Davidson of the National UFO Reporting Center in Washington said that the video showed a jet with a contrail behind it. He explained the high –altitude jet airliner usually appears to be falling when it is flying away from the camera. He said that the plane is in level flight, but parallax makes it look that it is falling.
As Yellowstone Awakens, Dr. Michio Kaku Warns That It Could “Literally Tear The Guts Out Of The United States Of America”
As Yellowstone Awakens, Dr. Michio Kaku Warns That It Could “Literally Tear The Guts Out Of The United States Of America”
One day it will happen. Scientists assure us that one day the absolutely massive Yellowstone supervolcano will once again experience a Category 8 eruption, and if it happened today it would “literally tear the guts out of the United States of America”.
That is why what has been happening at Yellowstone in recent months is so alarming. We know that the ground has been rising and that “a 465-mile-long piece of molten rock” is moving upwards directly under Yellowstone. And we also know that the major geysers at Yellowstone were more active last year than in any other year in any of our lifetimes.
Dr Kaku told Fox News: “Forget the image of Yogi Bear representing Yellowstone.
“We’re talking about a sleeping Godzilla underneath Yellowstone, that if it erupts in a maximum eruption called Category 8, it can literally tear the guts out of the United States of America.
“Instead of having 50 states of the Union, we would have 30 states of the Union.“
We live at a time when seismic activity has been increasing all over the world, and Yellowstone has also been exhibiting very unusual behavior.
“Unlike a meteor from outer space, where you get no warning whatsoever, we get warnings.
“If you see movies like Pompeii, you know that there are days, in fact, weeks of eruptions building up, rumbling inside, underneath the pocket of lava. “So there would be enough time, several weeks, to begin evacuation if and when such an unlikely event were to take place.”
But what if we have been ignoring the warnings that we have already been getting?
For example, Steamboat geyser erupted more times in 2018 than in any other year in history. The following comes from National Geographic…
The Yellowstone Volcano Observatory reports that Steamboat has now set a record by erupting a whopping 32 times in 2018, a personal best for the geyser for a single calendar year. Previously, this geyser made it as high as 29 paroxysms back in 1964.
Other nearby geysers have also been behaving fairly interestingly of late. Ear Spring Geyser, for example, has been pretty quiet since 1957, but it erupted spectacularly a few months back—and sprayed human garbage from the 1930s everywhere.
Prior to last year, there had not been an eruption of the Steamboat geyser for three and a half years.
In addition, the ground under Yellowstone has been steadily rising for the last few years, and the area was hit by 121 earthquakes in the month of December alone…
“In the area of Norris Geyser Basin, GPS data indicate a minor amount of uplift over the past few months, with a total uplift of about 2cm during 2018, also continuing the trend that has been ongoing since 2015.”
In the same Yellowstone update, the USGS revealed a total of 121 earthquakes were recorded in the Yellowstone area in December 2018 alone.
It is indeed possible that when Yellowstone finally erupts that we will get more of a warning than this.
But it is also possible that we will not.
When Yellowstone blows, life as you have known it will instantly be over. If you are not in the immediate kill zone, you will have an opportunity to try to survive, but it won’t be easy. One survivalist expert suggests that everyone should “head east as fast as you can”…
He added: “Zone one, which is a radius of 100 miles, could see 70,000 people die instantly.
“Zone two, which starts after 100 miles, would be covered in 10ft of volcanic ash at 450C.
“After the second zone, your chances of surviving increase, but still head east as fast as you can.
“Beyond zone six is where you would be the safest in the US for the short term, but the wind will greatly determine where ash falls.”
Personally, I don’t know if that is the best approach. The roads will be absolutely clogged, and there is no way that you are going to outrun the volcanic ash. If you get completely buried in volcanic ash in your vehicle, it will all be over.
Of course the truth is that if Yellowstone experiences a Category 8 eruption most Americans will eventually die no matter what they do. The following is an extended excerpt from one of my previous articles…
Hundreds of cubic miles of ash, rock and lava would be blasted into the atmosphere, and this would likely plunge much of the northern hemisphere into several days of complete darkness. Virtually everything within 100 miles of Yellowstone would be immediately killed, but a much more cruel fate would befall those that live in major cities outside of the immediate blast zone such as Salt Lake City and Denver.
Hot volcanic ash, rock and dust would rain down on those cities literally for weeks. In the end, it would be extremely difficult for anyone living in those communities to survive. In fact, it has been estimated that 90 percent of all people living within 600 miles of Yellowstone would be killed.
Experts project that such an eruption would dump a layer of volcanic ash that is at least 10 feet deep up to 1,000 miles away, and approximately two-thirds of the United States would suddenly become uninhabitable. The volcanic ash would severely contaminate most of our water supplies, and growing food in the middle of the country would become next to impossible.
In other words, it would be the end of our country as we know it today.
The rest of the planet, and this would especially be true for the northern hemisphere, would experience what is known as a “nuclear winter”. An extreme period of “global cooling” would take place, and temperatures around the world would fall by up to 20 degrees. Crops would fail all over the planet, and severe famine would sweep the globe.
In the end, billions could die.
Let us hope and pray that nothing like this happens any time soon. Those of you that regularly follow my work already know that I am far more concerned about an eruption of Mt. Rainier, and we should also keep a very, very close eye on Mt. Fuji in Japan.
As our planet becomes increasingly unstable, there will be unprecedented natural disasters in the years ahead, and multitudes of people will die in those disasters.
Unfortunately, most of the “experts” continue to assure the public that everything is going to be “just fine”, but meanwhile the shaking of our planet just continues to get even worse with each passing year.
AFPOnderzoekers vonden onder meer fossielen van vissen die op de dag van de meteorieteninslag het lieven lieten.
WETENSCHAP“De ontdekking van de eeuw” binnen zijn vakgebied noemde geofysicus Jay Melosh van Purdue University het. Hij had het over een soort van fossielen-snapshot van de dag waarop bijna 66 miljoen jaar geleden een meteoriet insloeg op onze planeet. De gesteentelaag levert voor het eerst bewijs voor de theorie dat de meteoriet in één klap een einde maakte aan het bestaan van de dinosaurussen.
De aarde beefde zoals de moderne mens dat nooit nog ervaren heeft, vermoedelijk met een kracht van 10 of 11 op de schaal van Richter. Het regende vuur en gesteentes. 66 miljoen jaar geleden, aan het einde van het Krijt, werd bijna alle leven op onze planeet door de enorme inslag van een meteoriet uitgeroeid. De bekendste soort die eraan moest geloven: de dinosaurussen. Bekendste restant van de inslag: de Chicxulubkrater op het Mexicaanse schiereiland Yucatán.
Wetenschappers hebben onder leiding van Robert DePalma bewijzen van die fatale meteorieteninslag in Mexico ontdekt in een gesteentelaag in wat nu Noord-Dakota in de VS is, zo’n 3.000 km ten noorden van de krater. Ze vonden er al in 2014 vissen met gloeiend glas in de kieuwen, afkomstig van het brandende puin dat na de inslag hoog in de lucht werd geslingerd en daarna terug op aarde neerdaalde. Ze vonden ook verkoolde bomen, bewijs van de tsunami die na de inslag het land overspoelde en gesmolten barnsteen.
afp
Op zijn beurt botste de Nederlander Jan Smit van de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam met zijn team op voetsporen van dinosaurussen, van net voor hun uitroeiing. Een van de voetafdrukken is afkomstig van een plantenetende Hadrosaurus, de andere van een vleesetende dino, mogelijk een kleine Tyrannosaurus Rex. “Definitief bewijs dat de dinosaurussen nog leefden op het moment van de inslag”, aldus Smit. “Ze liepen rond en zaten elkaar na” op het ogenblik dat ze weggevaagd werden door een helse vloedgolf. Maar er was méér dan alleen de dino’s. De tsunami-afzetting bevat ook mierennesten, wespennesten, kwetsbare bewaarde bladeren, en vissen die bewaard bleven zoals ze waren op het moment van hun overlijden.
AFPDoctoraal onderzoeker van de University of Kansas, Robert DePalma, aan het werk op de site.
Jay Melosh maakte geen deel uit van het onderzoeksteam, maar deed wel redactiewerk voor het wetenschappelijke artikel dat vandaag verscheen in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). Hij is danig onder de indruk. “Dit is de dodelijke klap bewaard op één bepaalde site, dit is spectaculair”, zei de specialist. Hij noemde het zelfs de “ontdekking van de eeuw” binnen zijn vakgebied.
Andere experts hebben kritiek op het feit dat de bewuste site - die zich uitstrekt over de twee Dakota’s, Wyoming en Montana - afgeschermd wordt voor onderzoekers van buitenaf. Zij krijgen nauwelijks of geen toegang tot de beroemde Hell Creek-formatie, waar al die interessante fossielen als stille getuigen van de meteorieteninslag liggen. Het is een fossielenschat met resten van dinosaurussen, zoogdieren, reptielen en vissen, allemaal dieren die tussen 65 en 70 miljoen jaren geleden vastzaten in klei en gesteentes. Volgens Jan Smit is die beperkte toegang nodig als bescherming tegen plunderaars.
AFPRobert DePalma met assistent Kylie Ruble.
Ook kreeg Robert DePalma kritiek omdat hij in The New Yorker had gesproken over een heus dinokerkhof. DePalma’s collega, Jan Smit, heeft dat al “overdreven” genoemd, maar bevestigde dat de fossielenrijkdom enorm is.
WETENSCHAPArcheologen hebben in Israël voor het eerst bewijs bovengespit van het historische bestaan van de Bijbelse koning Josia. Het gaat om een zeldzame zegel in klei, gevonden onder een parkeerterrein.
Op de zegel staat in het oud-Hebreeuws de naam van Nathan-Melech, een hoge pief in Josia’s koninkrijk in Juda dat zich situeerde van 641 tot 609 voor Christus. Het Oude Testament vermeldt koning Josia uitvoerig. Het letterlijke opschrift van de zegel: “van Nathan-Melech, dienaar van de koning”, een verwijzing naar Josia. De naam van de hoveling komt zelf maar één keer voor in de Bijbel, in 2 Koningen.
Het artefact van amper 1 centimeter werd gevonden op een archeologische site City of David, waar zich vermoedelijk de oude ruïnes bevinden van een plaats die de Babyloniërs tijdens de verwoesting van Jeruzalem in 586 voor Christus platbrandden.
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Methaangas gemeten op Mars, maar is het een teken van leven? - HLN.be
Methaangas gemeten op Mars, maar is het een teken van leven? - HLN.be
Spoiler: het is niet afkomstig van aliens
EPAMarsrover Curiosity op de rode planeet.
WETENSCHAPNadat de Marsrover Curiosity van NASA in 2011 gelanceerd werd richting Mars, registreerde het wagentje er regelmatig vlagen van methaangas in de atmosfeer. Verwarrend, want het organisch materiaal is meestal een teken van (buitenaards) leven. Nu weten onderzoekers eindelijk waar het methaangas op de rode planeet vandaan kan komen: gesmolten ijskristallen.
In 2009 suggereerden enkele metingen vanop de aarde dat er op Mars drie gebieden waren met vrij hoge concentraties van methaangas. Wetenschappers reageerden voorzichtig verrukt, omdat 99 procent van al het methaangas op aarde door levende organismen wordt geproduceerd, door koeien bijvoorbeeld.
Vervolgens landde de Curiosity Rover in 2011 op de rode planeet en ging die zelf metingen ter plaatse uitvoeren. Dat gebeurde aan de hand van bodemmonsters die geanalyseerd werden op teken van leven. De eerste deeltjes methaangas die de Marsrover vond, waren eerder verwaarloosbaar.
Maar in 2013 mat de Marsrover plots een aanzienlijke stijging van methaan in de lucht. Die stijging hield minstens twee maanden aan. Vermoedelijk had het iets te maken met de seizoenen, zo dachten de onderzoekers op aarde. Dat vermoeden werd bevestigd de jaren die daarop volgden, want op het einde van de winter in het zuidelijk halfrond van de planeet, werd keer op keer een piek op Mars gemeten.
Is dat methaangas dan afkomstig van organische verbindingen, biologische bronnen - levende organismen zeg maar - of niet? Methaangas werd regelmatig gemeten, maar niemand kon achterhalen waar het gas vandaan kwam. De metingen van het marswagentje zaaiden vooral verwarring. Daarom snelde het Europees Ruimtevaartagentschap (ESA) te hulp.
(Lees verder onder de foto
AFPDe onbemande ruimtemissie Mars Express van ESA.
Samenwerking
De Mars Express was een onbemande ruimtemissie naar de planeet Mars, een project van het Europese Ruimtevaartagentschap (ESA). Dankzij die missie worden de metingen van de Curiosity nu voor het eerst bevestigd. Ook de Mars Express observeerde de atmosfeer van de rode planeet en de sonde nam eenzelfde stijging van methaangas waar in 2013. Dat zegt Marco Guiranna, hoofdonderzoeker van het Italiaanse Instituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Rome.
“Terwijl eerdere observaties, waaronder die van Curiosity, bekritiseerd werden, maakt deze eerste onafhankelijke bevestiging de resultaten een pak geloofwaardiger”, aldus Guiaranna. Bovendien verklaart het team van Guiaranna meteen waar de boertjes methaangas van Mars vandaan kwamen.
Permafrost
Zoals verwacht, is het methaangas vermoedelijk afkomstig van permafrost. De koude ondergrond van Mars zou methaangas vasthouden, maar door “een meteorietinslag of temperatuurschommelingen” kan het ijs gedeeltelijk smelten waardoor methaangas ontsnapt.
Bekijk ook:
Deze vader bouwde zelf een Marsrover voor zijn zoontje.
In november 2018 landde de Marslander Insight van NASA ook op de rode planeet.
WETENSCHAP“Vreselijk”, noemt NASA India’s geslaagde test om een satelliet in een baan om de aarde neer te halen. De Amerikanen vrezen dat de 400 brokstukken die nu in de ruimte rondzweven het Internationaal Ruimtestation ISS kunnen bedreigen. Dat zegt directeur-generaal Jim Bridenstine van NASA.
India kondigde vijf dagen geleden erg trots zijn succesvolle poging om een satelliet aan flarden te schieten aan. Intussen zijn er 400 brokstukken na de vernietiging geteld, die volgens Bridenstine niet allemaal te volgen zijn.
“Wij volgen objecten van tien centimeter of groter, en wij hebben er ongeveer 60 geteld”, zei de NASA-topman.
De satelliet is in een relatief lage baan op 300 km hoogte uitgeschakeld, ver onder die van het ISS (400 km) en van het merendeel van de kunstmanen die rondom onze planeet wentelen. Maar 24 stukken zijn boven ISS geraakt, zei Jim Bridenstine.
REUTERSJames Bridenstine, topman van NASA.
“Dat is een vreselijk, vreselijk iets om een evenement op te zetten dat puin naar een hoogtepunt stuurt dat boven het internationale ruimtestation gaat”, zei hij. Bridenstine voegde eraan toe: “Dat soort activiteit is niet verenigbaar met de toekomst van de bemande ruimtevluchten, het is onaanvaardbaar”.
Als gevolg van de Indiase test is het risico op een botsing met het ISS op tien dagen tijd met 44 procent gestegen, zei Bridenstine. Dat risico zal wel snel afnemen, omdat het merendeel van het schroot wellicht zal opbranden in de atmosfeer.
Photo NewsVorige week wisselden NASA-astronauten Nick Hague en Anne McClain batterijen tijdens een ruimtewandeling bij het ISS.
Het Amerikaanse leger houdt objecten in de ruimte in het oog om het risico van botsingen met het ISS en met satellieten in te schatten. Zo volgen ze 23.000 objecten groter dan tien centimeter. Tienduizend daarvan zijn brokstukken waarvan bijna 3.000 het gevolg zijn van een Chinese anti-satelliettest in 2007 met een kunstmaan op 860 km hoogte.
Het ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken van India zei in een reactie dat de test in de lagere atmosfeer werd uitgevoerd om ervoor te zorgen dat er geen ruimteschroot zou zijn. “Wat er toch zou zijn veroorzaakt aan puin zal binnen enkele weken vergaan en terugvallen op de aarde”, klonk het.
Zelfs botsingen met kleine objecten kunnen catastrofaal zijn in de ruimte. Dat komt grotendeels door de snelheid waarmee ruimtevaartuigen in een baan om de aarde bewegen. Dat is minimum 7,8 km per seconde.
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Journalist en schrijver legt in dit filmpje uit waarom Atlantis echt heeft bestaan
Journalist en schrijver legt in dit filmpje uit waarom Atlantis echt heeft bestaan
De Griekse filosoof Plato gaf ons het verhaal over Atlantis, een hoogontwikkelde beschaving die gigantische bouwwerken heeft neergezet en uiteindelijk werd verzwolgen door de golven.
Historici en wetenschappers zeggen dat het verhaal van Plato verzonnen is om een bepaald filosofisch of politiek punt te maken.
“Waarom zouden zij zeggen dat het verhaal verzonnen is?” vraagt journalist en schrijver Graham Hancock zich af. “Plato heeft herhaaldelijk gezegd dat het een waargebeurd verhaal is.”
Muren
Hij merkt op dat Plato precies vertelt wanneer Atlantis is vernietigd: 9000 jaar voor Solon, de eerste beroemde politicus van Athene.
“Rond 600 voor Christus bracht Solon een bezoek aan Egypte, waar priesters van een tempel in Sais hem het verhaal over Atlantis vertelden,” zegt Hancock.
“Ze zeiden dat het op de muren van de tempel was geschreven,” vervolgt hij.
Catastrofale periode
Solon vroeg de priesters wanneer deze grootse beschaving was vernietigd, waarop ze zeiden: ‘9000 jaar geleden’.
“Dat is 11.600 jaar geleden,” legt Hancock uit. “Dat was een catastrofale periode in de geologische geschiedenis.”
Smelten
Hij wijst erop dat deze periode ook wel meltwater pulse 1b (MWP1b) wordt genoemd omdat de zeespiegel toen drastisch steeg als gevolg van het smelten van de ijsmassa op Noord-Amerika en Noord-Europa.
Als Plato dit allemaal verzonnen heeft, hoe kan het dan dat hij precies goed zat?
Scientists have recorded a mysterious hum coming from deep inside the Earth and it had better bloody not be those worms from Tremors.
Scientists have captured a mysterious hum coming from deep inside the Earth, but they are still no closer to working out what it is.
It has long been known that the Earth constantly generates a low-frequency vibrational signal.
The first attempt to detect this hum was made in 1959, but it wasn't until 1998 that scientists finally proved its existence.
Since then, there have been hundreds of attempts to record the Earth's hum, but they have all been made using seismometers on land.
(Image: Getty)
Hundreds of attempts have been made to record the sound since then using land based seismometers and now scientists have taken to the bottom of the sea to record the sound, The Mirrorreports.
The researchers first collected data from 57 seismometer stations located at the base of the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar, between 2012 and 2013.
Now researchers have captured the hum for the first time using seismic instruments at the bottom of the sea.
The researchers first gathered data from 57 seismometer stations located in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar, between 2012 and 2013.
They then applied a combination of techniques to remove interference from ocean infragravity waves, currents and electronic glitches, and corrected for the signal generated by any earthquakes.
Eventually, they were able to determine that the Earth's natural vibration peaks at several frequencies between 2.9 and 4.5 millihertz.
These vibrations can't be heard by people, because they are approximately 10,000 times smaller than the lower hearing threshold of the human ear (20 hertz).
However, the fact that they have been detected at the bottom of the ocean, and around 70% of the planet's surface is covered by water, suggests that the hum is present across the entire globe.
The research team, led by Martha Deen at the Paris Institute of Earth Physics, hopes the new data will provide clues as to the source of the hum.
Seismologists have proposed many different theories to explain the continuous vibration - from atmospheric disturbances to ocean waves moving over the sea floor.
(Image: Reuters)
However, the study, published in Geophysical Research Letters, concludes that these theories can only explain part of the vibration.
Deen and her co-authors believe the data could also help scientists map the interior of Earth with more detail and accuracy than ever before.
Scientists traditionally study the Earth's interior during earthquakes, but this mean they are severely limited to specific times and areas where quakes commonly occur.
Using the hum signal as a source of seismic waves would avoid this problem, because it is generated continuously, and can be detected across the planet's surface.
Wetenschappers leggen mysterieus gebrom uit het diepste van de aarde vast, maar niemand weet wat het is
Wetenschappers leggen mysterieus gebrom uit het diepste van de aarde vast, maar niemand weet wat het is
Wetenschappers hebben een mysterieus gebrom vastgelegd dat uit het diepste van de aarde komt. Ze hebben alleen geen idee wat het is.
Het is al lange tijd bekend dat de aarde continu een laagfrequent geluid voortbrengt. In 1959 werd voor het eerst geprobeerd dit brommende geluid vast te leggen, maar pas in 1998 lukte dat.
Onderzoekers zijn er nu voor het eerst in geslaagd om het vreemde geluid vast te leggen met behulp van seismische instrumenten op de zeebodem.
Piekt
Ze verzamelden tussen 2012 en 2013 gegevens van 57 seismometers in de Indische Oceaan, ten oosten van Madagaskar.
Vervolgens werden alle achtergrondgeluiden verwijderd door middel van een combinatie van verschillende technieken.
Uiteindelijk stelden ze vast dat de natuurlijke trillingsfrequentie van de aarde piekt tussen 2,9 en 4,5 millihertz.
Overal ter wereld
Deze trillingen kunnen niet door mensen worden gehoord aangezien het menselijk gehoor in staat is om frequenties vanaf 20 hertz waar te nemen.
Gezien het feit dat ze op de bodem van de oceaan zijn gemeten, en ongeveer 70 procent van het planeetoppervlak bedekt is met water, lijkt het erop dat het gebrom overal ter wereld kan worden gehoord.
Het onderzoeksteam, dat geleid wordt door Martha Deen van het Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, hoopt dat de nieuwe gegevens kunnen worden gebruikt om de bron van het geluid te achterhalen.
Gedeeltelijk
Seismologen hebben verschillende theorieën bedacht om de trilling te kunnen verklaren, variërend van atmosferische storingen tot oceaangolven die over de zeebodem bewegen.
De nieuwe studie, gepubliceerd in Geophysical Research Letters, concludeert echter dat deze theorieën de trilling slechts gedeeltelijk kunnen verklaren.
VREEMDE DINGEN IN DE LUCHT EN OP DE GROND ( VIDEO )
VREEMDE DINGEN IN DE LUCHT EN OP DE GROND ( VIDEO )
Tot op de dag van vandaag doen autoriteiten er alles aan om vreemde dingen die men in de lucht ziet te verklaren als bijvoorbeeld ballonnen.
Zelfs waarnemingen van getrainde piloten worden afgedaan als gezichtsbedrog en het beste wat NASA kan bedenken is de camera bij het ISS uitzetten als er weer eens een ufo in beeld komt.
Venezuela is de laatste tijd regelmatig in het nieuws, maar niet vanwege het volgende verhaal dat zeker de moeite waard is.
Toen ze weer op de terugweg waren zag Rodriguez een licht waarvan hij eerst dacht dat het de zon was, maar realiseerde zich toen dat die zich op een andere positie bevond en bovendien lager aan de hemel.
Volgens het verhaal landde dit object, maar was Rodriguez te bang om te gaan kijken en was hij allang blij dat hij iets had kunnen vastleggen met zijn telefoon.
Hij zegt dat dit type ufo vrij bekend is in Zuid Amerika en wanneer men er dicht bij komt ziet het eruit als een fel oranje licht. Het is te fel om details te kunnen ontwaren en wanneer het object zich hoger in de lucht bevindt, kan het gemakkelijk worden aangezien voor de zon.
Verder zegt hij dat dit type ruimteschip hoort bij een buitenaards ras dat bijna goddelijk is. Zij kwamen hier in de hoop om de mensheid een vreselijke toekomst te kunnen besparen en zijn in de loop der jaren hier diverse keren geweest om mensen te ontvoeren en hen dan te vertellen dat er verschillende voor de mensheid dramatische scenario’s zich kunnen ontvouwen in de toekomst.
Zij hadden de hoop door enkele mensen in te lichten dat ze dit soort vreselijke scenario’s zouden kunnen voorkomen, maar volgens Scott hadden ze dit mis. De mensen die ze hadden ontvoerd waren te bang en hadden in het dagelijks leven totaal geen invloed of een groot bereik.
Wat dat betreft hadden ze beter ons kunnen ontvoeren, want dan hadden wij in ieder geval verslag uit kunnen brengen.
Op een andere website werd deze week een verhaal gepubliceerd dat zich weliswaar in 2014 afspeelde, maar desalniettemin fascinerend is.
Het speelt zich ook niet af in de lucht, maar op de grond waar een auto wordt achtervolgd door een orb.
Zoals in de volgende video wordt uitgelegd is het beslist geen reflectie of iets dergelijks, maar beweegt het onafhankelijk van de auto en volgt deze.
Wat het ook moge zijn, de orb bevindt zich onder één of andere intelligente besturing. Tips over wat dit zou kunnen zijn, zijn altijd welkom.
Enkele weken geleden vloog een ambulance helikopter, Mercy Air 21, een kilometer of 25 ten westen van Las Vegas toen de piloot een vreemd object waarnam in de lucht.
Hij meldde dit aan de verkeersleiding die aangaf niets te kunnen zien op hun radarscherm, waarop de piloot antwoordde dat hij het object alleen kon zien via zijn nachtkijker. De verkeersleider was nogal onder de indruk klaarblijkelijk want die antwoordde met: “that’s awesome”, dat is indrukwekkend.
In de volgende video van Tyler van Secureteam is te zien en horen hoe dat verhaal is afgelopen. Hoe eigenlijk altijd een soort standaard script wordt gevolgd om het publiek wijs te maken dat er helemaal niets aan de hand is.
In het tweede deel van de video een mooi voorbeeld van hoe NASA omgaat met ufo's die onuitgenodigd plotseling in beeld verschijnen bij het ISS ruimtestation.
De plek waar bovenstaand incident met de helikopter plaatsvond is eveneens vlakbij Nellis Airforce Base, waar Steven Barrone regelmatig opnames maakt van ufo’s.
Ter illustratie hierna een klein deel uit een eerder artikel en als je dat hebt gezien, dan weet je dat die helikopterpiloot wel degelijk een ufo heeft waargenomen:
Iemand die op een bijzondere plek woont waar altijd wat schijnt te gebeuren is de Amerikaan Steven Barone waarover wij al eerder schreven.
De man woont ongeveer naast een beroemde Amerikaanse luchtmachtbasis, Nellis Airforce Base. Het vliegveld waarvan wordt gezegd dat het ook de aardse thuisbasis is van een buitenaards ras, The Tall White Aliens.
Meerdere keren heeft Steven op die locatie al bijzondere opnames kunnen maken en zo ook dit keer.
Hij zegt er zelf het volgende over:
“Wat was dit een prachtig gezicht. Ik zag een licht aan de hemel net boven de berg op slechts een paar kilometer van mijn huis. Ik zag onmiddellijk dat het een UFO was en begon met filmen.
Ik zag de UFO net voordat deze begon met afdalen en uiteindelijk landen. Terwijl het aan de landing begon, gingen de lichten uit, maar er was genoeg maanlicht zodat ik het nog steeds in de lens van de camera kon zien.
Het bleef enige tijd hangen in het duister aan de voet van de berg en uiteindelijk was het weer even te zien.
Minuten later verscheen het weer net boven het dak van een gebouw dat je wel vaker tegenkomt in mijn video’s.
Aan het eind, toen het object vertrok, kon je goed zien dat het niet één, maar twee UFO’s waren. Ik kon het nog een paar seconden waarnemen op dezelfde plek als waar het landde en toen verdween het weer.
Patricia Straat served as co-experimenter on one of the most controversial experiments ever sent to Mars: the Labeled Release instrument on the Viking Mars landers. The experiment’s principal investigator, Gilbert Levin, insists to this day that the project found extraterrestrial life. Most scientists doubt this interpretation, but the issue has never been fully settled.
When Viking 1 and 2 touched down on Mars in 1976, each carried several instruments to study the planet and look for signs of life. The Labeled Release experiment mixed small samples of Martian soil with drops of water containing a nutrient solution and some radioactive carbon. The instrument then sampled the atmosphere of its internal chamber. If it detected the radioactive carbon, the thinking went, then microorganisms in the soil must have metabolized the nutrients and emitted the carbon. The air around a control version, in contrast, heated up to temperatures thought to kill microbes, should not have any radioactive carbon.
And that is essentially what the investigators found—yet Viking’s other experiments saw no signs of life or of the organic compounds needed to support life. Many scientists concluded that the results were too good to believe and that the findings might be explained by reactive chemicals such as perchlorates in the Martian soil.
Now Straat has published a memoir, To Mars with Love, telling the inside story of this chapter in space history (available at www.tomarswithlove.com). Scientific American spoke with Straat about the tumultuous process of planning the experiment and analyzing its results, and about the risks of Mars exploration if life does exist on the red planet.
[An edited transcript of the conversation follows.]
Were you always interested in space?
By the time I was 12, I could identify all the major constellations in the region where I grew up.
I watched the moon landing on television in 1969, and that really turned me on. At the time I was an assistant professor at Johns Hopkins University working in molecular biology and enzyme systems, which was a long cry from anything involved in space. I decided I wanted to make a career move.
Patricia Ann Straat working with the flight components of the Labeled Release instrument prior to the 1976 Viking Mission. Credit: Patricia Ann Straat and Bruce Connor
How did you get involved in Viking?
It was 1970 and Gil Levin, who designed the Labeled Release life detection experiment, heard I was considering a move and called me for an interview. At the time I was not really interested in leaving academia for private industry. But I met Gil and found him absolutely fascinating. He had just found out that his experiment had been selected by NASA to be sent to Mars, and he wanted someone to implement that experiment because he had a company to run. All my friends thought it was a suicidal career move, but it just sounded so fascinating.
What was the process like to develop the Labeled Release experiment?
It was a major, major, major effort. For the first few years we worked on refining the science and worked with the engineers developing the hardware, testing it as we went along.
The first test of all three life detection experiments in a flight instrument occurred in the fall of 1973. All three failed. That started a major crisis. It was nonstop meetings, and we worked 24/7 on fixing and testing the hardware to get it ready for launch. We were still analyzing data as the biology instrument was sent to the Cape [Cape Canaveral, Fla.] for the launch.
Viking launched in 1975 and landed on Mars in 1976. What was that like?
I went out to [the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in] California for the landing and half expected it to crash. The whole team was there. The lander was released from the orbiter, maybe about midnight or so, and it came in by parachute. We had a large TV screen that we could watch with columns of numbers on it, and the last column showed the altitude of the lander above the surface of Mars. I clearly remember watching those numbers flash by. As the lander approached the surface, the numbers I saw were 1,300 feet, 600 feet, 50 feet, then there was absolute dead silence. I thought to myself, “Surely it crashed.” All of a sudden over the loudspeaker came “We have touchdown.” It was just so thrilling. Everybody stood still for a second and then there were cheers all over JPL. I have tried to convey this excitement in my book.
What are your memories of when the first results started coming in?
The Labeled Release experiment started on sol 10 [Viking’s 10th Martian day on the planet]. The first data came in around 7:30 in the evening. I was at the computer surrounded by Gil Levin and several other team members. I worked the keyboard and hit the print button. Then the computer printed the data points from the first nine hours of data. I looked at it and said, “Oh my God, it’s positive.” Not only was the instrument working, but the results were positive. That was quite a thrill. We rounded up the entire biology team to try to understand what it meant, because there was a press conference the next morning where we would report these results.
Were most of the team members thinking you’d found life?
Oh no. We weren’t convinced either. The experiment consisted of two parts: one was adding micronutrients to the active soil sample; the second involved heat-sterilizing a duplicate sample of the soil before adding the nutrients to theoretically kill any microbes that might be there. The difference between an active sample and the heat-sterilized control sample would define a positive response. So we had to wait for the next cycle, another 15 sols downstream, before we ran the control. The surprise was that the control was negative. That’s when the controversy really started.
The results met the pre-mission definition of a positive life response. But of course as soon as we got it everyone came up with alternative proposals to account for the results nonbiologically.
What did you think at this point?
I was pretty astounded, but very interested in these nonbiological hypotheses. What we could say at the time was that the result was consistent with a life response. I wasn’t ready to say we had a life response, especially not in view of all the objections.
We tried to think of some way to distinguish whether it was a biological or chemical response. We had heat-sterilized the control sample at 160 degrees centigrade. The suggestion came up that if we could somehow lower the sterilization temperature, we might enhance the biological explanation. If 50 degrees, say, killed the active response, that would be a strong indication that the positive response had been biological. Very few chemicals are destroyed by 50 degrees centigrade. However, we would expect such a low temperature to have a significant effect on Mars microbes because Mars is a much colder environment than Earth.
It turned out that two heaters were needed to reach 160 degrees. We estimated that using just one of them would heat the soil to about 50 degrees. When we did that on Mars, it significantly reduced the positive response. That was fairly strong evidence that the active response had been biological. However, there could be some chemical out there that does the same thing. Nobody has been able to find such a chemical, though.
Gil Levin has been outspoken in saying that the LR experiment found life on Mars. Do you agree?
Initially I didn’t. In the mid-’90s Gil decided that since nobody had found a suitable nonbiological agent, there was enough evidence to say we had discovered life on Mars. I didn’t agree with him. But when, four or five years later, more and more evidence was found for trace amounts of water on Mars, I began to agree that yes, we did find microbial life. The caveat is the lack of organic molecules. Some complex organics have been found on Mars, but they haven’t found simple organics like alanine and glycine [presumably required by life].
What do you think of the Mars missions that have followed Viking?
I’m disappointed that recent missions have not looked for life. They’ve studied the environment and its potential as a habitat. I just don’t understand it. They should have followed through with a second Viking mission to verify and further characterize the positive Labeled Release results.
Now they’re talking about Mars sample return missions and manned missions to Mars. While very exciting, I am concerned about the back-contamination problem. You can’t send people to Mars and return them without returning Mars soil to Earth. And it’s certainly a possibility that life does exist on Mars, whether or not the Labeled Release experiment found it. People really need to bear that in mind when they plan future missions. I think until we know more we should be very cautious about returning a sample.
What do you make of the continued controversy over your experiment’s findings?
I’d say it’s exciting. We might believe that we discovered life on Mars, but we won’t know the true answer for a long time.I would like to see more life detection experiments sent to Mars soon to either prove it or disprove it.
As someone who uses social media a lot, I get a great deal of feedback from people wishing to share with me their experiences of the weird kind. Those experiences range from the vaguely odd to the downright sinister. The account I’m going to share with you today definitely falls into the sinister category. On April 28, 2018, I got the following communication from someone who preferred not to use their real name. It reads as follows: “I’m 55 years old and have known about MIBsince the 70s. Personally, the majority of the visits are, in my opinion, demonically orchestrated. I have learned, due to my belief system, not to make these events complicated. It is exactly what it portrays itself to be! Having the gift of discernment reveals what these hybrids are, that is evil! I call the feelings and smells are all ‘symptoms’ of a demonic encounter! If you agree with this, then the obvious next conclusion is that these so-called ‘aliens’ are also demonic and what does the demonic dwell in? They dwell in shadows! They do not want to found out!
“UFO encounters out them and their hybrids and satanic agendas. After all, it is about soul collecting, is it not? I reside on the West Coast of Lake Michigan. My front door faces directly 8 miles from an active nuclear power plant that is, within months, being decommissioned. This process can take up to 20 years. I live in the ‘hot zone’ range of this very old plant. For three years, due to living on a hill with a spectacular view of the open sky, I have witnessed UFO activity coming directly from the nuclear power plant and fly slowly right over my head. With incredible lighting and maneuvers like your Father mentioned to you. Including complete ‘stand still hoovering.’ I have also felt that I have been discovered witnessing this and have had some type of acknowledgment from the crafts. It hard to explain. I just know they know that I see them! Usually I witness them around 11:00 p.m. and beyond.
“Anyhow, something different happened last August, 2017. As I stated, I live on a hill with a steep drop off approximately 30 feet from my door. This is a brand new apartment complex and a very short road runs in front of my back patio door. I should have originally said I’m witnessing these events from my back patio. The road runs to the right for about 100 feet and turns right to the front of the complex. Around 1:00 a.m. I felt compelled to go out unto my patio and look right. Now below the hill is nothing but woods. I saw 3 very tall, slender men come up the hill, unto the road, in perfect formation, walking extremely slow, dressed completely the same, all in black and suddenly stop!
“All 3 turned their heads directly towards me and just stood still! It seemed like minutes but I don’t think it was. I actually felt an electric charge go from my feet, straight up my back up to my head. Not only that, the fear I felt and also a sickness in my stomach was nothing I have felt EVER in my lifetime. I knew they were EVIL. They slowly moved their heads in complete synchronized fashion forward and slowly, and I mean slowly, continued to walk forward and disappeared from sight. I know exactly what i just witnessed! That was pure evil. Now, with that being said, I don’t know if it was a warning, a visit, or what. I have not spoken about this event until now! Summer is almost here again and I wonder what I will witness.”
Let’s get the obvious out of the way first … Spikes of Methane would make a great name for a band. However, it would have to play really well to produce the excitement that real spikes of methane are generating amongst the space exploration community over an announcement by NASA that its Curiosity rover has detected definitive proof of methane on Mars with the discovery of two distinct surges of the life-related gas and it has pinpointed their locations for future missions to sniff, study and solve. Is this the missing stink?
“Here, we report a firm detection of 15.5 ± 2.5 ppb by volume of methane in the Martian atmosphere above Gale Crater on 16 June 2013, by the Planetary Fourier Spectrometer onboard Mars Express, one day after the in situ observation of a methane spike by the Curiosity rover.”
In a report published this week in Nature Geoscience and reviewed by Space.com, lead author Marco Giuranna of Rome’s Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Rome announced that Curiosity found the methane in the large (96 mile (154 km) wide) Gale crater that many scientists believe was once a Martian lake. When the spike was confirmed in the atmosphere by the Mars Express orbiter a day later, this was the first ever multiple detections of a single methane presence on the planet.
But wait … there’s more! Another spike was detected in the Gale crater in late 2013 which lasted into 2014, and the researchers were able to pinpoint the location of the June 2013 spike to a region about 310 miles (500 km) east of the Gale crater. All of these discoveries are the result of a new technique developed by Giuranna for analyzing data collected by the Mars Express’ Planetary Fourier Spectrometer instrument (PFS), which has been sniffing Martian air since 2003 but whose discoveries have been doubted previously due to errors and malfunctions.
When Curiosity landed in the Gale crater in 2012, Giuranna began coordinating its sampling of Martian air with that of the Express. He and his team then divided the area in and around Gale into 250 km (155 miles) wide squares and used computer simulations to compute the probabilities of each one as the source of any methane plumes. In addition, they looked for geological features like faults that could have released the methane.
“Remarkably, we saw that the atmospheric simulation and geological assessment, performed independently of each other, suggested the same region of provenance of the methane, which is situated about 500 km east of Gale. This is very exciting and largely unexpected.”
Did cows beat humans to Mars?
But … is this a sign of life on Mars? Being a good scientist, Giuranna admits this methane isn’t the smoking gas. It could still have been the result of a chemical reaction and there’s no way to determine if it was created recently or has been trapped underground for millions of years … yet. Curiosity and Mars Express have teamed up with the ExoMars methane-sniffing Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) to collect and compare even more Martian methane data. Nothing is as easy as Elon Musk wants us to believe, says Giuranna.
“Follow-up is very important to better understand methane on Mars. We are collecting pieces of a puzzle and need more pieces to understand better what is going on.”
In the meantime, the Spikes of Methane should continue practicing their covers of Bowie songs.
There can be absolutely no doubt at all that one of the most controversial of all the various whistleblowers who have come forward with startling revelations concerning Area 51 was aman named Boyd Bushman. He revealed data that was not just controversial, but arguably beyond controversial. You’ll soon see what I mean by that. Although many of Bushman’s claims stretched credibility to the absolute max, the intriguing fact is that he really was plugged into the secret world of Area 51 and advanced technologies. As we shall now see. Bushman, who died on August 7, 2014, left an amazing and controversial legacy behind him. It was a filmed statement from him on what he knew about an alien presence at Area 51, anti-gravity technology in the hands of personnel at the base, one on one contact with ETs, and much, much more. Was Bushman telling the truth? Was he nothing but an outright liar? Or, was he spreading disinformation on behalf of those who run Area 51 – and as a means to muddy the waters of what really goes on there? Or, do all three scenarios have some degree of validity attached to them? Let’s take a look at the life and work of Bushman and his incredible revelations – if that’s what they really were.
First, it’s important to note that Bushman was no fantasist. He was a respected figure in the world of aviation, having worked as a senior scientist with Lockheed Martin. He also had more than a few patents to his name. He also claimed to have worked on top secret anti-gravity-based programs for the U.S. Government. To a degree this has been confirmed, since his heavily redacted, declassified FBI file references his research in the field of anti-gravity. Magnetic drives and a thermally energized electrical power source were also patented by Bushman. Bushman made a number of claims that sounded plausible, but he also revealed to the UFO research community and to the world’s media tales that were downright bizarre. In 2007 – which was seven years before he passed away – Bushman was filmed speaking about what he knew (or what he claimed to know) about all things alien, and a great deal about Area 51.
According to Bushman, aliens were both working and living at Area 51. We’re not talking about just dead aliens recovered from crashed UFOs – such as those allegedly recovered from outside of Roswell, New Mexico in the summer of 1947. This, to a degree, you may know, echoes a brief aside made by Bob Lazar back in 1989, when he claimed to have very briefly seen a small, humanoid figure at the S-4 site. It’s important to note that Lazar himself suspected that this may have been a deliberate, fabricated, stage-managed incident, designed to make Lazar think there were aliens at Area 51. Obviously, this has a bearing on the Bushman story, too, specifically in relation to the possibility that Bushman may also have been deliberately fed faked data by disinformation specialists at Area 51. Still on the matter of Bob Lazar, it’s intriguing to note that – to a degree – Bushman backed up Lazar’s claims of having worked on the anti-gravity systems of the alleged UFOs held at S-4. According to Bushman, such research was indeed actively and secretly underway at Area 51. Interestingly, Bushman also asserted that both the Chinese and the Russians had been brought into the fold, to a certain degree, anyway. This too mirrors the words of Bob Lazar, way back in the 1980s, when he said that while working at Area 51 he heard whispers of the Russians having been invited to work on the program, but who at some point were slung off the project.
As for the aliens themselves, this is where Bushman’s story got really weird. He claimed they came from a planet called Quintumnia (on some occasions he called it Quintonia), which is said to be around sixty-eight light years away. Incredibly, Bushman maintained that the aliens were able to make the journey from their world to ours in less than an hour. Their lifespan, said Bushman, was far in excess of ours. Indeed, he said that the average Quintumnian lived on average to around 230 of our years. They were not too dissimilar to us, with hands and feet like ours. As for their height, it was around five-feet. They didn’t speak English, though. Or, in fact, any Earth-based language. They didn’t need to. They communicated solely by telepathy. Certainly, one of Bushman’s most controversial claims (and there were many of them…) was that he had interacted with the ETs personally, and to the extent that he said he gave them a camera so that the aliens could take pictures of their home planet and bring the pictures back to him! Whether Bushman preserved those priceless pictures in a dedicated photo album is anyone’s guess. He also maintained that the Quintumnians were the alien race responsible for the ongoing cattle-mutilation phenomenon on our world.
Certainly, the most outrageous aspect of the Bushman affair came when he revealed a color photo of what was said to have been one of the Quintumnians. In no time at all, the UFO research was able to offer a definitive “Gotcha!” The photo which Bushman touted as proof of alien visitations to Earth in general and to Area 51 specifically, was not evidence of anything of an extraterrestrial nature at all. It was actually a picture of a quite sophisticated alien doll sold by none other than Wal-Mart! For many people in the field of Ufology, the issue of the “Wal-Mart alien” (as it quickly and inevitably became known) was enough for them to walk away from the controversy and brand Bushman as either a liar, a joker, or someone descending into a state of senility. Maybe, one of those scenarios was indeed the correct one. On the other hand, though, one has to give some thought to the distinct possibility that Bushman was still highly astute and not suffering from the early stages of Alzheimer’s. Significant thought must be given to a theory that cannot be ruled out. In fact, we might very wise to rule it in. It goes as follows.
Let’s say that Area 51’s overlords were concerned by the ever-increasing attention paid to the secret base. After all, it had appeared in The X-Files, in Independence Day (something which senior personnel at the Pentagon were far from happy about), and in the movie, Area 51, which was released in 2015. Add to that, the growing number of people who have been detained and fined for getting too close to Area 51 and one can see that the personnel at Area 51 might have come up with an intriguing plan. Perhaps, a “plot” would be a far better term to use. It’s not at all unlikely or implausible that Bushman was groomed by personnel at Area 51 to divulge an amazing and astounding faked story of aliens at Area 51, of crashed UFOs, of cattle mutilations, and even of alien-human interaction at the installation. The staff at the secret facility would surely know how the UFO research community works. They could have made a good guess that certain elements of the more gullible and paranoid side of Ufology would be jumping up and down with excitement. More importantly, those same ufologists would likely spread the story here, there and everywhere on social-media and radio shows. Which is exactly what happened. But, then when the Wal-Mart angle surfaced, for many people in Ufology (if not the vast majority) the entire saga collapsed. The result? Ufologists were laughed at and derided by fellow ufologists. And, the mainstream media poked fun at the field of UFO research. That just may have been the desired result.
All we can say for sure is that the Boyd Bushman revelations surfaced for a reason. Whether that reason was designed to shed further light on a genuine extraterrestrial presence at Area 51, or if the plan was to give Ufology a solid punch in the face – and to make the domain of UFO research look stupid – is still open to debate. Whatever Boyd Bushman really knew about Area 51 and its UFO links went with him in 2014. Just perhaps, this was Bushman’s “last hurrah,” still secretly working for his Area 51 masters to the very end – to confuse the truth of what really goes on at Area 51.
A Mysterious Cavern in Africa and its Giant Snake Guardian
A Mysterious Cavern in Africa and its Giant Snake Guardian
Located within the country of South Africa, near an inhospitable, scrub land matted place called Richtersveld, is a deep cave and cavern system that meanders down into the murk beyond where light reaches and which is as mysterious as the surface of some forsaken unknown planet. Often called the the “Wonder Hole” or the “Bottomless Pit,” the cave and cavern system supposedly connects to the ocean, and has long been thought to harbor within it a trove of diamonds and other treasures. It is also according to legend prowled by an ancient, spiritual guardian long feared by locals and explorers alike, which jealously protects its glittering treasure and by some accounts seems to be more than mere myth.
The monster in question is known popularly as the Grootslang, or sometimes the Grote Slang, meaning “big snake” in Afrikaans and Dutch, as well as a variety of other regional names, and it has its origins deep in regional mythology. The Grootslang is said to measure about 40 to 50 feet long, sometimes even more, with scales as black as night, an elephantine body, and a long, serpent neck and tail, although it is often described as being merely a colossal serpent. It was apparently created by the gods with the features of both elephants and snakes, but proved to be so powerful and fearsome that it was torn apart into two different animals; elephants and snakes. However, one of these abominations was said to have escaped and remained whole, going on to hide in the cave to spawn more of its kind and devouring whatever it could lure into its dank pit. According to the legends, it is not an unreasonable beast, and values gems over killing, offering to bargain for people’s lives in exchange for these treasures. Woe be to anyone who tried to take these gems, though, as the Grootslang will tear them to shreds. It is also known to leave its cave lair from time to time and prowl the rivers and lakes of the area as well, in particular the Orange and Vaal Rivers of South Africa.
The Richtersveld region, South Africa
While it seems to be nothing more than mere myth on the surface, there are a few sightings of this beast over the centuries that have cast wonder on whether it may actually exist or not. In 1867 explorer Hans Sauer spotted an enormous black snake nearly a hundred feet long making its way through the Orange River near Aliwal North, Eastern Cape Province. There was another account from 1899, in which a merchant named G. A. Kinnear was crossing the Orange River near Upington, Northern Cape Province, when 8-10 feet of the head and neck of a gigantic black serpent crashed up from under the waves near his boat.
Some very interesting sightings were made by the South African adventurer and prospector Lt. Fred C. Cornell, who had his first brush with the monster in 1910 during an expedition near Augrabiesvalle, Northern Cape Province. On this occasion an American expedition member named Kammerer came back to their camp in a terrified panic, claiming to have seen a serpent lift itself 12 feet out of the water as he had been bathing in a nearby pool. The second sighting would happen in 1920, and Cornell would write of it in his unwieldy titled book, The Glamour of Prospecting: Wanderings of a South African Prospector in search of copper, gold, emeralds, and diamonds, in which he would write:
It was dark when we floundered out of it, and we steered straight for a wide thicket of willows, made a big fire, and were only too glad to turn in. It seemed an excellent camp, with wood, water, and shelter from the cold wind, but it was plain that the “boys” were uneasy, and they crouched close to our fire instead of building one apart as they usually did. After some food Ezaak suggested that we might perhaps trek on a little farther, and this, coming after a most arduous day, was decidedly strange. We asked him why, and after beating around the bush for a bit he told me that in the middle of the river, and exactly opposite where we were camped, was a big rock in which the huge snake (the “Groot Slang”, in which every Richtersfeldt Hottentot firmly believes) had his home, and that it was not safe for us or for our horses.
We had long heard of this snake; many reputable Hottentots and a few white men claim to have seen it, many more have seen its huge spoor in the sand or mud – a foot and a half wide. It is believed to take cattle from the banks, and the natives fear it mightily. There are no crocodiles in the Orange, and besides, there are never any traces of feet with the spoor, but it is a remarkable fact that the Hottentot name for this huge python – or whatever it may be – is “Ki-man” which is very like the Eastern name for an alligator. Anyhow, we were far too tired to care for snakes, and of course stayed where we were, the only thing to annoy us being the huge long-legged tarantulas that kept running with incredible swiftness into the fire, where they sizzled, squirmed, and smelt unpleasantly.
In the morning we found that the river here was a long, wide, still, and apparently very deep stretch of water, and that a big rock rose from the centre, as the guides had said. It appeared to be of granite, and was riven in half by a big cleft. The steep mud banks of the river should have shown a trace of anything coming up from the water, but we found no spoor. So we made up some dynamite cartridges with fuse and detonator, and flung them out as far as we could, and stood by with the “arsenal” handy in case the “Groot Slang” was at home and objected. The dynamite made a big upheaval, but no snake materialised; only a few small springers and barbel flapped round in the muddy water.
Then I saw something moving in the crack in the rock, and let drive with my rifle. I was in a hurry, and I heard my bullet hit the landscape somewhere in German territory; but Ransson had seen that movement too, and was emptying his magazine into the crack without undue loss of time. When we’d finished a very flustered and indignant old wild-duck squatted out of that crack and went away unhurt and quacking most derisively. No luck again with our “big game” shooting.
Cornell would apparently actually attempt to go on and use dynamite to try and kill the creature, without success, unless by success you mean tearing a new hole in the river. Interestingly, in 1917 there is the story of a prospector who launched an expedition to the cave by the name of Peter Grayson in search of diamonds, famously stating “I am determined to return to England as a very rich man or a dead man.” Apparently his team did not have a good time of it, many of them dying or turning back before they even got to the cave, but Grayson went on ahead. It is said that he walked off toward the cave and went it to never come out, and local lore has it he was killed by the Grootslang.
In later years there was an interesting claim in a book by journalist Lawrence G. Green in his 1945 book Where Men Still Dream, in which he recounts how the local tribes of the area refused to go any where near the pit where the Grootslang is said to dwell. All that is except one unnamed prospector who apparently made many forays into the cave looking for the riches said to be down there. Green would write of this enigmatic man and the Grootslang in general:
The cavern, they say, is connected with the sea forty miles away. If you lean over the edge of the pit and listen carefully, there comes at intervals a deep boom like surf on a distant shore. I know one tough prospector who took a winch and cable to the spot and explored a little of the “Wonder Hole”. He is, I believe, the only man to attempt this feat. It was dark and extremely hot when his feet touched a ledge far down. The ragged circle of daylight seemed small. Bats flew in his face, and he dropped his electric torch. Before they hauled him to the surface he observed tunnels leading out of the shaft. There was a smell of sulphur in the air. He never descended again.
The “Great Snake” of the Orange River is something more than a legend. Cornell described it in his books. Scores of other men living near the river have sent letters to the newspapers declaring they had seen the monster. Native stories that the snake has enormous diamonds in the eye-sockets, and that a strange and evil influence is felt by all who behold it, may be politely dismissed. White eyewitnesses state that the snake is forty feet long, leaving a track on the muddy river banks about three feet wide. This spoor was followed by one party of prospectors for many miles before it disappeared into the river. The truth probably is that exceptionally large pythons have been seen in the river from time to time, and their sizes exaggerated. Pythons up to twenty-five feet in length have been shot; their powers of swallowing a buck whole are well known. But in the native mind there remains only one Great Snake, greatly feared.
Sightings and accounts went on, when in 1947 there was a report from a John Clift, who saw a black crocodile near an abandoned mine crater, and such sightings have continued on into even more modern times, with strange footprints often found near the water. There are numerous stories of people being chased off by some large reptilian monster down in the caves, and locals claim that many people have gone missing, the pit swallowing them up to never return. It certainly makes one wonder what might be behind all of the stories, and there are plenty of ideas, including that it is just outsized pythons or monitor lizard, a new species of reptile, a surviving dinosaur, some sort of long-necked seal, or just pure folklore. The generally harrowing terrain of the remote area itself, as well as the dangerous, unexplored nature of the cavern system, would probably go far to explaining why people may go missing. In the end we are left with another creature anchored in folklore which may or may not have some basis in reality, although as to what that reality might be we have no idea, and likely never will.
US Air Force Says 'it's Not Ours' After UFO Seen Falling to Earth in Alaska
US Air Force Says 'it's Not Ours' After UFO Seen Falling to Earth in Alaska
Air force bosses have intervened after an unidentified flying object was filmed seemingly plunging to Earth.
In the footage, taken in Anchorage in the US state of Alaska, what looks like two plumes of black smoke are seen trailing a mysterious object.
A variety of military aircraft operate out of the nearby Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, but spokeswoman Erin Eaton said the sighting was nothing to do with them.
“That doesn’t look like any of our planes,” she said. Officials from the Federal Aviation Administration added that the object in the video was not an aircraft, and that it hadn’t received any reports of aviation issues at the time.
But some experts still think a plane is the likeliest explanation. Peter Davidson, director of the Washington-based National UFO Reporting Center, said that the video showed “a high-altitude jet airliner, with a contrail behind it, t is in level flight, but because it is flying away from the camera, it appears to be ‘falling’ he wrote.
Adonus Baugh, who shot the video, was not convinced. The 18-year-old said the object looked like something coming into the atmosphere.
“Me and my mom were just coming in to the parking lot of our house and that’s when I noticed that something was falling from the sky,” he said.
“I thought it was a meteor or something coming into the atmosphere. “I actually never saw something like this before.”
Another witness, Bebe Kang, agreed. “It didn’t look like an airplane or one of those jets. It was big, super slow and red,” said Bebe.
Bright fireball that flared up in the night sky surprising northern Florida turns out to be a meteor
Bright fireball that flared up in the night sky surprising northern Florida turns out to be a meteor
A bright object falling out of the sky that surprised social media users in Florida turned out to be meteor on Saturday night per the National Weather Service
People throughout the Sunshine State captured the blueish glowing meteor light up the night sky and posted their surprise and delight online
The National Weather Service said it there were unconfirmed reports of the meteor landing near Perry, Florida, about 55 miles southeast of Tallahassee
Just before midnight on Saturday night, people in northernFloridawere treated to a surprising bright light in the sky that turned out to be a meteor.
'Did you see it? A meteor was caught on GOES Lightning Mapper (GLM) around 3:52Z or 11:52 PM ET!' confirmed the National Weather Service out of Tallahassee onTwitter.
The meteor's flash was captured on the Geostationary Lightning Mapper, a satellite taking hundreds of images per second to map lightning storms, according to CNN.
The National Weather Service in Tallahassee, Florida, tweeted the GLM imagery tracking lightning storms that caught a quick blip of the meteor over the state pointed out by the small green arrow in the frame
Just 20 seconds into this YouTube video posted by Eve Pro Guides, a ball of light appears
The YouTube user noted that the dashcam footage was not normally what he would post to his channel, but he thought it was 'something pretty crazy'
'Meteors coming into the Earth's atmosphere happen fairly often but we don't always get to see them,' said CNN meteorologist Haley Brink.
'Nowadays we have so many satellites in space and cameras on the ground that these events are becoming more and more visible to the general public.'
Social media users in Florida captured the flare-up late Saturday night with various posts that registered their surprise.
'This isn't normally what I post on my channel, but tonight I was out on my way home, and I saw something pretty crazy,' said a user who runs EVE Pro Guides - EVE Online PVP and ISK Guides YouTube channel. 'Luckily my dashcam caught it, so I'll let you watch right here.'
Eve Pro Guides user took the time to do a slow motion portion of the meteor's fall as well as provide some closeups
At about 19 seconds into the video posted on the video game guide channel, a glowing blue-ish orb enters the frame the top of the screen. It then flares even more brightly before disappearing over the horizon.
The video then repeats in slow motion and even provides a closeup of the meteor
Twitter user Jeffrey Cardona who captured the glowing space rock on his dash cam captioned his video 'Can Somebody Explain This!' while tagging numerous news organizations and hashtags referring to meteors, UFO's and Area 51.
Cardona exclaims 'dude, did you see that!' from inside his vehicle as other voices can be heard saying 'what?' and 'yeah!'
It is uncertain if the meteor was able to reach the ground without burning up, but the National Weather Service said there were unconfirmed reports of a landing near Perry, Florida, about southeast of Tallahassee.
There's a stark difference between knowing that the conditions for life exist and actually finding some form of life, and that difference is at the heart of the Europa Lander mission concept that NASA could one day send to Jupiter's moon.
Once proposed to fly with NASA's planned Europa Clipper mission, which is due to launch as soon as 2023, the lander would now be its own separate successor spacecraft, assuming NASA decides to sign on. But access to the icy surface of the moon would offer scientists a much more powerful analysis of a world that they consider one of the most tantalizing prospects for finding extraterrestrial life.
"You can do habitability pretty well from Europa Clipper, but if you actually want to look for biosignatures, if you want to look for signs of life, you've got to touch the surface," Cynthia Phillips, a planetary geologist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California, told Space.com last month at the annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference held in Texas.
In hopes of getting just that opportunity, scientists are already thinking through which instruments should be on board and how they would identify signs of life. Such a mission could follow behind the Europa Clipper mission, using its data to find a promising landing site. Once it arrives, the lander would be prepared to dig about 4 inches (10 centimeters) into Europa's icy shell in order to sample material that hasn't been fried by the harsh radiation environment around Jupiter.
Then, the hard part begins: analyzing that ice in just the right way to determine whether there's anything alive on Europa. "We don't have a single way of detecting life," Phillips said. Instead, the team needs a broad suite of instruments, including a microscope, a seismic package, a camera and a host of devices for chemical analysis.
But making sure all of those different instruments can work together is tricky. "The instruments are really the biggest challenge," Phillips said. "What happens when those samples are ingested into the instrument vault? How are those samples processed, do they have to be kept cold and frozen, do they have to be melted, do they have to be concentrated or filtered?"
That's the team's focus this year. But the scientists and engineers aren't sure whether NASA will keep them at work on the project. "We're at the stage where NASA's considering how it fits into their budget priorities," Phillips said. "We don't have any idea if there's going to be funding in the future for it."
Of course, she's biased in the project's favor, and in Europa's as well. "It's my favorite place in the solar system," Phillips said. And finding life there could be among the most profound discoveries possible, she argued — much more profound than finding life on Mars would be.
"Mars, it's an old, cold, dead kind of world, so any life on Mars, we're probably looking for old, dead, fossilized life, life that survived 2 billion years ago when Mars was warmer and wetter," Phillips said. "When we talk about life on Europa, we're talking about the potential for life that's living there today, that's surviving, that's thriving, and that's really exciting." And whereas Mars is close enough to potentially be contaminated by Earth, Europa is not.
"If we find life on Europa, that's life 2.0; that is not just one but two origins of life in our solar system," Phillips said. At such a great distance, there's no chance it's contamination from Earth. "If life can start not just once but twice in our own little solar system … there's life out there, there's got to be, and that right there, I think, is the revelation that's going to change everything. It's going to change our whole conception of how we fit into the galaxy."
The U.S. Army is developing tanks and drones armed with laser weapons. The Army’s stock of armored Stryker tanks may soon get a laser cannon upgrade, as well as the capability to launch “hunter-killer” drones, according to Defense Maven.
The laser-equipped vehicles and drones would be able to autonomously target, track, and disable targets with invisible lasers, which are becomingincreasinglyprevalent in militaries around the world — a futuristic upgrade to the U.S. military’s ground combat capabilities.
Drone Hunting
The laser weapon is expected to be combat-ready within the next few years — the army has successfully used it to target and shoot down drones during tests. It’s also been able to successfully disrupt communications and block drones’ signals, Defense Maven writes.
Congress wants these lasers to speed up the process of warfare and combat, giving the U.S. military the edge it needs to beat its enemies to the draw.
“[Directed energy] weapons have the potential to change the very nature of warfare,” reads a February report from the Congressional Research Service. The report also said the laser systems “could be used as both a sensor and a weapon, thereby shortening the sensor-to-shooter timeline to seconds. This means that U.S. weapon systems could conduct multiple engagements against a target before an adversary could respond.”
Tactical Deployment
General Dynamics Land Systems, the company behind the Stryker and its new lasers, told Defense Maven that the lasers may be suitable for crowded areas, where they could detect and target threats.
“It will go out in an urban environment and it will sense and find your shooter or incoming RPG,” said General Dynamics Land Systems’ Michael Peck.
But for now, the Army will continue testing its new lasers to make sure that they’re ready to be deployed in the next few years.
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The Mystery of the Gods “half fish” that came from Space(Dogon tribe)
The Mystery of the Gods “half fish” that came from Space (Dogon tribe)
One of the most important mysteries of antiquity is the Dogon tribe, a people that has maintained for centuries a complex knowledge about the universe and especially the existence of the star Sirius, from where a highly developed civilization would come who contacted them in the past.(half fish)
The town or Tribe Dogon inhabits in the Republic of Mali, – African country located in the border of the Sahara with the savannas of Western Africa, and to about 1,500 kilometers of the Atlantic – specifically in the plateau of Bandiagara and the Mounts Homburí. According to an oral tradition, they arrived in Mali some 600 years ago and built the houses on the cliffs to protect themselves from the attacks of the tribes that already inhabited the region.(half fish
The practically uncultivable zones raise a rocky sector where almost 450,000 Dogons live, each family has a unique care with the approach of foreigners since they are generally not accepted. For them, life has a sacred nature, so that any conflict is solved peacefully.
Knowledge of the Dogon culture has been taken to pictograms that are printed on plates, but the largest archive is still cultivated orally, trying not to distort its history and worrying that this is the purest possible.
According to the tradition of the Dogon people, about a thousand years ago you reached the area of the plateau of Youga Dogurou in broad daylight a very bright star which they called “ie-pelu-tolo”: the star of the tenth moon. This object was covered by a very reddish light that they related to the blood. After this great star came a second that turned on itself, was large and emitted a deafening noise.
The curious thing is that when arriving at earth, this star no longer had a circular shape, but it looked like a large basket or pyramid with a square base, and on each of its faces a staircase with six steps was opened. Its color changed from red to bright white. The people -according to the Dogones- ran away since the landing of that “ark” had generated a lot of fear in them.
For example, eight Nommos “di-tigi” who had the body of a fish, although some traditions mention some snake characteristics, would have descended from ie-pelu-tolo. They had 40 very sharp teeth, which explains why the Dogons used to sharpen them. The contact with these beings that supposedly were sacred, generated an approach of the Dogon people, with a great amount of knowledge of the universe, which until today cannot be explained rationally.
According to the belief, the Nommos had come down to Earth to evangelize the people, helping them and teaching them techniques to cultivate the savanna, to fish, in addition to brewing beer and making the outbreak of tree fruits simpler. However there are reports that present the Nommos as murderers and not as teachers of goodwill, it is even believed that there were hundreds of Dogons who perished because of the evil of this race that supposedly came from space. However, it is important to keep in mind that oral narration is always distorted through the passage of time.(half fish)
Within the information poured by the Nommos to the Dogon tribes, is the existence of the star Sirius, from which they came. “Sigi Tolo” is the name given to the brightest body in the sky and according to these beings was the star of the foundation. The funny thing is that they did not present it alone, since they claimed it was triple, that is, they were three stars far from each other. Astronomy at that time had no notion of a second star on Sirius, and less than a third.
In 1995 the French Diventy and Benest discovered a third body in the Sirius system. According to the Dogon, the fish men told him about Sirius B as “po tolo” and said that it was a small star but of a very heavy mass called “sagala”. For the first time, in the year 1862, the American astronomer Alvan Clark managed to see in the star of Sirius, that it was not only one, but two stars. With a goal of 47 cm. in diameter he could distinguish the one that was known from that moment as Sirius B.
Today it is known that this body is a white dwarf very inferior in size to Sirius and in which a cubic meter can weigh more than seventy thousand tons. Then there is the Sirius C star which they know as “emme ya” and it would be four times lighter than Sirius B, it would have a satellite spinning around it called “nyan tolo”: the star of women. Its orbit is 50 years, which coincides with the party of “Sigui”, which is held to remember the arrival of the gods of Sirius (according to official science his calculations are estimated at present in 50,040 years).
In spite of the isolation in which this town lives and the little culture they receive from civilization, the information they handle about certain cosmic themes is really incredible, especially considering that they have dominated them for many centuries, which undoubtedly has put in check to the most orthodox science, which is not explained as this is possible, but for the actual manifestation of certain extraterrestrial beings in the past have contacted this African culture.
The Dogons knew about the spiral structure of the Milky Way, and they claim that there are more than a billion solar systems equal to ours in the universe. They also knew Jupiter and its four inner satellites, Saturn and its rings, many centuries ago. They even speak with much authority about the Moon, presenting it as a dead star unlike the Sun, which is the most important manifestation of life in our system. They propose that our system does not have nine planets, if not eleven, besides the existence of only one omnipresent God which they call “Amma”.
It is necessary to emphasize that the strange coffers and their main characteristics have a lot of relation with what we know today of the UFO phenomenon since the changes of color and the forms used are part of the continuous sightings of this striking phenomenon.(Dogon tribe)
Nowadays, important investigations are being carried out that would lead to a deeper unraveling of data related to the presence of the Nommos in the history of the Dogon people, which would confirm that in the past there was an extraterrestrial manifestation on Earth, and not only with this African tribe, if not with many other cultures of the world.
Nasa plots mission to explore Neptune’s moon Triton – solar system’s coldest object ‘may have ocean harbouring alien life’
Nasa plots mission to explore Neptune’s moon Triton – solar system’s coldest object ‘may have ocean harbouring alien life’
This icy moon could be hiding extraterrestrials...
By Harry Pettit, Senior Digital Technology and Science Reporter
NASA is planning a mission to the coldest known object in our solar system in its hunt for alien life.
The legendary space agency wants to send a high tech probe to Neptune's icy moon Triton, which some believe holds an ocean hidden under its surface.
Triton is Neptune's largest moon
Water is one of the key ingredients for life, meaning if Triton has an ocean it could harbour tiny extraterrestrial microbes.
Scientists from Nasa's Jet Propulsion Laboratory put forward plans to explore the moon at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in Texas.
The mission would involve developing a new kind of spacecraft known as Trident.
It would fly to Triton and take photographs of the icy object, while also studying its atmosphere and chemical makeup for signs of an underground ocean.
NASA
Nasa scientists have outlined a plan to explore Neptune's moon Triton (pictured)
If water is found, then Nasa would mark Triton – the largest of Neptune's 13 moons – as a key target for future alien hunting missions.
Trident would also give scientists a chance to visit Neptune and its moons for the first time since the 1980s, as well as explore an object from the Kuiper belt.
The belt is a ring of icy lumps that sits well beyond Neptune, and scientists believe Triton is a Kuiper object that got knocked into Neptune's gravitational pull billion of years ago.
"Triton shows tantalising hints at being active and having an ocean," Nasa scientist Dr Amanda Hendrix told the New York Times.
"It is a three-for-one target, because you can visit the Neptune system, visit this interesting ocean world, and also visit a Kuiper belt object without having to go all the way out there."
Little is known about Triton, and the only images we have of the moon were captured by the Voyager 2 probe in 1989.
During that flyby, space boffins spotted geysers on Triton that spewed out nitrogen gas. Nasa earmarked it for further research.
The moon is thought to be similar to Pluto in many ways, and is the coldest known object in the solar system, with surface temperatures plummeting to a frigid -235°C.
That makes it two and a half times colder than the coolest temperature ever recorded on Earth – a frosty -89.2°C logged at a Soviet weather station in Antarctica in 1983.
The proposed mission to Triton hinges on its pricetag.
NASA
Neptune (top) and its moon Triton (bottom) as snapped by the Voyager 2 probe in 1986
Launching Trident would cost less than £380million – about the same as a small mission to the moon.
That could make the difference as the team push for funding from Nasa's highly competitive Discovery program.
Nasa's goal is to deploy these missions once every two years, and Trident is up against three other potential missions for the next free slot.
They include trip's Earth's moon, as well as Jupiter's moon Io and a return to Venus.
NASA
Artist's impression of Neptune (blue) and Triton (not to scale)
According to Louise Prockter, chief investigator for Trident, now is the time to launch a Triton mission as it's vital to find out if the moon hosts alien life.
Dr Hendrix added that objects like Triton could help us gain fresh insights into how ocean worlds form and hold water.
For example, Triton's temperatures are way below freezing, but could contain ammonia that keeps its ocean in a liquid form.
Clues like this could help us find and explore other ocean worlds in future as we explore whether or not we're alone in the universe.
GETTY - CONTRIBUTOR
There's a chance that oceans hidden under Triton's surface harbour alien life
Neptune's moonTriton is one of the strangest worlds in the solar system — and that's why scientists are exploring mission concepts that could give them a detailed look at it.
It's a large moon, the seventh largest in our solar system, and scientists think it was born in the Kuiper Belt before falling into its current location in orbit around the most distant planet. But that journey took its toll on Triton: Neptune's gravity pulls on it so strongly that the moon's icy surface may hide a subsurface liquid ocean. And the glimpse Voyager 2 offered of its surface suggests that Triton was geologically active as recently as 10 million years ago.
"They said the magic word, Triton, and I said, where do I sign up?" Louise Procktor, a planetary geologist and director of the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Texas and a scientist working on a mission concept called Trident, told Space.com. "We know enough [about Triton] to be dangerous. We know a little bit about it, but there's so much we don't know."
And of course, the best way to learn more about any object in the solar system is to visit it. Within the constraints of just a flyby mission launching in 2025 and arriving in 2038, Procktor and her colleagues believe they can photograph the moon's entire surface in a single pass.
That would happen through a careful trick. On its way past Triton, the spacecraft's flight would be timed in order to see in sunlight the 60 percent or so of its surface that Voyager 2 couldn't see. After the initial approach, the spacecraft would turn its camera back to recapture the 40 percent of the surface Voyager already imaged, this time in the faint light reflected off the planet, called Neptune-shine.
"People are so captivated by the idea of going to Triton, and I think one of the really big draws is the public seeing a body for the first time," Procktor said. "Just the sheer excitement of exploration is also what this mission is going to do."
The feat would also mean that scientists could make real progress understanding one of the oddest worlds out there. "It's just such a weird, alien landscape," Procktor said. "It's so strange and exotic. We just think of it as this exotic, ocean world — it's a real outlier compared to the others."
Triton is an outlier in a multitude of ways. It orbits the wrong way and at an unusually steep angle. Then, there's the apparently very young surface, which seems to have formed about 10 million years ago in a way scientists can't really explain to date. And much of that surface is covered in what geologists have dubbed the "cantaloupe terrain" — a phrase inspired by the melon's rough texture. Voyager 2 also spotted large plumes rising off the moon's surface and dark marks that could have been the remains of old plumes.
That weirdness in part reflects Triton's complicated history in the solar system. Scientists believe that the moon was first formed in the Kuiper Belt, the ring of planetary debris orbiting in the outer solar system, before migrating to the Neptunian neighborhood.
That's where it became such an active, dramatic world, on account of its interaction with Neptune's gravity. "This is definitely not yet another Kuiper Belt object; we're not doing New Horizons again," Procktor said. Instead, they'd be able to study its geology, pin down what compounds make up its surface, confirm whether a suspected ocean lurks inside and more.
If Trident becomes a real mission, it also won't be doing New Horizons again in terms of cost. That mission cost NASA about $720 million; Trident is proposed to fall below the level of a $450 million, cost-capped program. "What's beautiful about this mission and the reason it fits in [that budget tier] is we're almost not doing anything fancy except the science," Procktor said. "We don't need to do anything mind boggling to get this off the ground."
Not so for another mission concept being explored for Triton, which would build a spacecraft that launches in 2029 and touches down on the icy moon in the early 2040s. Then, it would hop across Triton's surface, sampling both its ice and atmosphere.
A preliminary design for a robotic mission that could hop its way across the surface of Neptune's moon Triton.
To be fair, the Triton Hopper concept is still firmly within the purview of NASA's Innovative Advanced Concepts program, which specializes in mind-boggling ideas. "Their charter is changing the possible, so they are looking for kind of the crazy, wacky, just far-out-type concepts to invest small amounts of money," Hartwig said. Far out like, you know, a hopper designed to traverse territory humans have never even seen.
Hartwig and his colleagues are about a quarter of the way through a two-year grant from the program, working to design a robot that could get to Triton, then feed itself on the moon's nitrogen stores and hop across its surface, looking both up and down as it does. "Because the mission was driven to do both surface and atmosphere [sampling], that really kind of pushed us toward this hopper design," Hartwig said.
Using fuel found at Triton keeps costs down and extends the mission's life. But it also complicates matters. The hopper needs to take in gaseous or solid nitrogen, convert it to a pressurized gas, then expel it like a balloon to lift itself into a hop. But planning for solid nitrogen in particular is challenging for the team to design from afar. "Snow is a solid as much as ice is," Hartwig said. "Something like snow, piece of cake: We can just scoop it up in the tank. Something like solid ice — how is the system going to behave?"
Although the two Triton mission concepts are independent of each other, there's a chance they may not remain that way, thanks to the vagaries of scientific conferences. When three posters from the two mission concepts were arranged next to each other at last week's Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in Texas, the would-be Triton explorers got to chatting with each other.
Coincidentally, the hopper design is currently just heavy enough to fit on board the current Trident design, Hartwig said. The pairing would pose as many challenges as it addresses, and adding the hopper would certainly push the price tag dramatically higher. But, still. "I love that they're thinking big," Procktor said of the hopper idea, "because one day we will be hopping around on the surface of Triton."
A Hubble Space Telescope view of asteroid 6478 Gault, showing two comet-like tails of debris.
Credit: European Southern Observatory.
Almost 214 million miles (344 million km) from the sun, an asteroid is doing its best comet-like impression. Astronomers at the University of Hawaii have discovered anasteroid that is spinning itself into pieces, generating two debris tails of dust in the process.
First discovered in 1988, the first signs that the asteroid was self-destructing came on January 5. Using NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope, along with a variety of ground-based instruments in Hawaii, Spain, and India, astronomers found two debris tails trailing 6478 Gault in the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.
“This self-destruction event is rare,” Olivier Hainaut, of the European Southern Observatory in Garching, Germany, and co-author of the report said. “Active and unstable asteroids such as Gault are just now being detected because of new survey telescopes that scan the entire sky, which means asteroids that are misbehaving such as Gault cannot escape detection anymore.”
The observations are the first pieces of evidence of Gault’s misbehavior and suggest that asteroids are dynamic and can ultimately disintegrate due to the long-term subtle effect of sunlight, which can slowly spin them up until they begin to shed material. In Gault’s case, the asteroid is doing a speedy rotation every two hours, so fast that Gault is flinging material off its surface and into the void.
“Gault is the best ‘smoking-gun’ example of a fast rotator right at the two-hour limit,” said the University of Hawaii’s Jan Kleyna. “It could have been on the brink of instability for 10 million years. Even a tiny disturbance, like a small impact from a pebble, might have triggered the recent outbursts.”
Hubble revealed the tails to be narrow streamers, indicating that the dust was released in short bursts, lasting anywhere from a few hours to a few days. These sudden events puffed away enough debris to make a “dirt ball” approximately 500 feet (150 meters) across if compacted together. One tail was found to be approximately 500,000 miles (800,000 km) long by 3,000 miles (4,800 km) wide. The smaller tail spans about 125,000 (200,000 km) long.
Watching an asteroid come unglued like Gault gives astronomers the opportunity to study the makeup of asteroids without sending a spacecraft for samples. Analyzing an asteroid’s ingredients as they are spread out into space can offer astronomers a glimpse into planet formation in the early solar system.
“We didn’t have to visit Gault,” explained Hainaut. “We just had to look at the image of the streamers, and we can see all of the dust grains sorted neatly by size. All the large grains (about the size of sand particles) are close to the object and the smallest grains (about the size of flour) are the farthest away, because they are being pushed fastest by pressure from sunlight.”
Enceladus' hidden ocean sets it apart from the pack — but why?
A view of Saturn's moon Enceladus taken by NASA's Cassini spacecraft. New models help explain why this moon ended up with a subsurface ocean while others nearby didn't.
New answers for mysteries concerning Saturn's moons could shed light on whether one, Enceladus, could support life, researchers say. For example, researchers may now know why Enceladus harbors a hidden ocean while many of its siblings do not.
Saturn not only has extraordinary rings, but it also boasts more than 60 moons. These natural satellites range in size from tiny moonlets less than 1000 feet (300 meters) wide to the enormous Titan, which is larger in diameter than the planet Mercury. Many of these moons orbit far from the ringed planet, but others are embedded within the rings.
Much has remained a mystery about the origins and evolution of Saturn's larger innermost moons: Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione and Rhea (listed in order of increasing diameter, mass and distance from the planet). Scientists had expected the densities and structures of these moons to depend on their mass or distance from Saturn, but spacecraft analyzing them have unexpectedly proven that this is not the case.
Previous research suggested that these moons coalesced from rings of debris around Saturn. According to this idea, the gravitational pull from the planet would cause powerful tides on these moons that would result in churning and melting, forces that would lead heavier rock to sink into the moons' cores and lighter ice to dominate their shells. Such tidal effects would prove stronger when the moons were closer to the planet and weaker as they moved farther away over time.
Mimas shows no geological activity, even though it is the innermost of these five moons and thus subject to the strongest tides from Saturn. In contrast, Enceladus is farther from Saturn and experiences 30 times weaker tides than Mimas. However, somehow tidal forces melt ice within this moon's interior, leading to a giant underground ocean and "cryovolcanoes" that spew water.
Furthermore, Rhea is the largest moon and thus the one most likely to retain heat that would help melt its rock and ice and separate its interior into layers, but prior work suggested that this moon may be a mixed jumble of rock and ice. In contrast, Mimas, Enceladus and Dione, which are smaller than Rhea, do have structures of rocky cores and icy shells.
Understanding more about the origins of the geological activity of these moons could help answer questions such as whether Enceladus' hidden ocean could support life. "Fundamentally, what excites me is the search for life beyond Earth," study lead author Marc Neveu, a planetary scientist at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center at Greenbelt, Maryland, told Space.com.
To solve the puzzles these moons pose, scientists would like to model the effects of tides on the moons' geology. However, simulations of the orbits that cause tides operate on daily scales, whereas simulations of geology typically operate on scales of millions of years. So, prior work generally chose one approach or the other, modeling tides or modeling geology.
In the new study, however, researchers designed computer models that simulated both the geological changes and simplified orbital effects these moons might have experienced over Saturn's roughly 4.5-billion-year life.
The scientists found that tidal forces would lead to enough geological activity for past or present oceans to exist in the interiors of Enceladus, Tethys and Dione. Enceladus likely still has an underground ocean, because its gravitational interactions with other moons such as Tethys and Dione keep its orbit relatively oblong. And the resulting continual variation in the strength of the gravitational pull from Saturn regularly alters the level of distortion of Enceladus' shape, flexing and heating the moon's interior.
"This is the first explanation consistent with data returned from NASA's Cassini spacecraft for how a tiny moon such as Enceladus, which is only about as big as Washington state or the British Isles, has a subsurface ocean when other sibling moons that are bigger or closer to Saturn, and therefore more likely to have such oceans, do not," Neveu said.
The researchers also found that Mimas likely formed only 100 million to 1 billion years ago; if it were older, interactions between Mimas and Saturn's rings would have led that moon to a higher orbit than it currently occupies. Mimas' young age means that the moon would have formed after all the radioactive material present at the formation of the solar system about 4.6 billion years ago had already decayed. As such, its innards would have started off too cold and hard for tidal forces to heat much.
"When ice is warmer and squishier, it becomes more responsive to tidal forces that deform it," Neveu said. "Mimas lacked the minimum amount of heat to start with to get tidal forces to trigger runaway heating."
As to why Rhea's innards might not be separated into layers, "the measurements from the Cassini spacecraft of the interior of Rhea have a degree of uncertainty in them, so it's possible the deeper layers of its interior are rockier and the near-surface layers are icier," Neveu said.
All in all, these findings suggest that Enceladus' hidden ocean is about 1 billion years old. "One billion years is enough for life to emerge — 1 billion years after Earth was born, there was life," Neveu said. At the same time, "1 billion years means there may still be enough chemical activity between Enceladus' rocky core and its ocean to provide energy for any potential microbial life, similar to the chemical energy in Earth's seafloor that helps sustain ecosystems there. Enceladus' ocean is not too young and not too old. It may be just the right age for life."
Neveu cautioned that a key limitation of this research was that it made simplifications that could have affected its accuracy. "We didn't compute the high tides and low tides that each of the five moons experienced at the same time every few hours for 4.5 billion years — to do that right, it would take about 20 years on a desktop computer," he said.
In the future, the scientists want to simulate more-complex scenarios, incorporating more features about Saturn and its satellites, such as how the planet may have gained moons that got hurled away or that collided with other moons, Neveu said.
The scientists detailed their findings online April 1 in the journal Nature Astronomy.
Neurosurgeon Sergio Canavaro claims he's one step closer to performing the world's first head transplant
'Irreversible' spinal cord injuries cured
But now, Italian Sergio Canavaro and Xiaoping Ren, from China, claim to have repaired "irreversible" spinal cord injuries in animal experiments.
Two studies, published this week, show monkeys and dogs were able to walk again after their spinal cords were severed, and successfully repaired.
The pair said their new findings are "unprecedented" and should pave the way for the first human trials.
Canavaro told USA Today the findings "completely reject the view... that a severed spinal cord cannot be mended in any way, a mantra uncritically repeated over and over".
Human trials 'next step'
Xiaoping said the breakthrough is proof that human trials should be given the go-ahead.
The studies, the findings of which are published in the journal Surgical Neurology International, took place at Harbin Medical University in China.
In 2015, Prof Canavaro announced he wanted to transplant the head of a paralysed man, Valery Spiridonov, onto the body of a dead donor.
The procedure, he explained, would involve cooling the bodies to a state of deep hypothermia, before severing the spinal columns using a diamond blade.
The next step would be to reattach the blood vessels and nerves, connecting those from Valery's head to those of the dead donor's body.
HOW HE PLANS TO TRANSPLANT A HUMAN HEAD
Dr Sergio Canavero has previously explained how the transplant procedure would work.
The 36-hour operation involves decapitating both donor and patient.
The Italian neurosurgeon will then use a glue like substance named polyethylene gylcol to fuse the head to the donor body.
After the spinal cords are fused the muscles and circulatory systems will be stitched up before the body is placed into month long coma to recover (when it is done on a live person).
Canavero believes the procedure could revolutionise medicine, giving paralysed people the ability to walk again and people to transport their ever older heads onto younger bodies.
Canavaro said: "For too long nature has dictated her rules to us.
"We're born, we grow, we age and we die.
"We have entered an age where we will take our destiny back in our hands. It will change everything.
"The first human transplant on human cadavers has been done.
"Everyone said it was impossible, but the surgery was successful.
"A full head swap between brain dead organ donors in the next stage.
"And that is the final step for the formal head transplant for a medical condition, which is imminent."
'Gory, Frankenstein' op is 'criminal'
Canavaro's plans to perform the first human op on Valery was dealt a blow, when the 33-year-old Russian announced last year he was no longer on board.
He dropped out after his wife gave birth to the couple's "miracle" son.
And Canavaro and Ren's work has been met with harsh criticism by the scientific and medical community.
Attempting such a thing would be nothing short of criminal... I would really like the general public to be reassured that neither I nor any of my colleagues think that beheading people for extremely long-shot experiments is acceptable
Professor Jan Schnupp, From The University Of Oxford
Professor Jan Schnupp, from the University of Oxford, said the procedure conjures up "gory, Frankenstein imagery", and described the proposals as "disturbing".
"The chances that a person who has their head transplanted onto another body will be able to gain any control over it, or benefit from that grafted body are completely negligible," he added.
"The expected therapeutic value for the patient would be minimal, while the risks of graft rejection-related side effects, or simply death as a consequence of a mishap during the operation, are huge.
"Attempting such a thing given the current state of the art would be nothing short of criminal.
"As a neuroscientist, I would really like the general public to be reassured that neither I nor any of my colleagues think that beheading people for extremely long-shot experiments is acceptable."
Dr James Fildes, of the University of Manchester, said the idea is "morally wrong", if the scientists cannot first prove the procedure improves the life of a large animal.
Professor Catherina Becker, from the University of Edinburgh, said: "Actual success of a head transplant must be measured by long term survival of head and body with the head controlling motor function.
"This can obviously not be assessed in a corpse and for all we know, would also not occur in a living human."
GETTY - CONTRIBUTOR
Valery Spiridonov is the 30-year-old terminally ill man who suffers from Werdnig-Hoffmann disease had volunteered to be the first human to have the controversial procedure - but pulled out last year
In previous experiment he Professor Canavero has attached the head of a rat to another rat
SCMP/CANAVERO
Canavaro is working with Xiaoping Ren at Harbin Medical University in China
“The first heart transplant, hand transplant, facial transplant: all were met with serious reservations. There are also regulatory concerns. China does not have the same ethical standards and requirements that the United States and Europe have.”
Any guesses where this story originates from? TheSouth China Morning Postreports that this observation by Howard University biomedical ethicist Assya Pascalev is true with the news that the world’s two top head transplant doctors working in China have fully repaired severed spinal cords in animals and are looking for a suitable head and headless body to connect. Have they found the missing ‘link’ to connect two complex bundles of nerve endings in humans? Will it happen soon in China as they predict? Is either one named Frankenstein?
“Our study shows that a membrane sealant/fiber fusogen polyethylene glycol (PEG) applied immediately on a sharp section of the spinal cord can mend the cord and lead to exceptional levels of motor recovery, with some animals almost normal.”
“We show that dogs whose dorsal cord has been fully transected recover locomotion after immediate treatment with a fusogen (PEG). No pain syndrome ensued over the long term.”
“This study proves that a form of irreversible spinal cord injury (SCI) can effectively be treated and points out a way to treat SCI patients.”
In two new papers published in Surgical Neurology International, Xiaoping Ren of China and Turin’s Sergio Canavero, the world’s most well-known and most controversial proponent and experimenter of head transplants, revealed that they have successfully tested their unique glue (membrane sealant/fiber fusogen polyethylene glycol) on the “fully transected” (completely severed) spinal cords of monkeys and dogs and the animals were able to walk again without long-term pain. The tests were done at China’s Harbin Medical University, which is known for pushing both the medical and ethical envelopes.
“(Neurological surgeons have) stuck to the view that a severed spinal cord cannot be mended in any way, a mantra uncritically repeated over and over.”
Sergio Canavero believes he and Xiaoping Ren have proven the rest of the neurological world wrong by allegedly reconnecting fully severed spinal cords in monkeys and dogs – animals with complex spinal cords. Is this enough to connect the dots associated with connecting a human head to a human body? This latest test appears to have joined the heads to their original bodies and fairly quickly after they were separated – still a complex task but nowhere near as challenging as attaching a human head to someone else’s body.
“This study shows that a membrane sealant/fiber fusogen (PEG) applied immediately on a sharp section of the spinal cord can re-establish anatomical continuity (and lead to behavioral recovery).”
Canavero and Ren tout the benefits of their PEG glue for repairing spinal cords but point out that the severing must be sharp for the fusing to be successful, which eliminated the most common spinal cord cuts caused by accidents. It still seems far too early to abandon perfecting that obviously needed process and skipping way ahead to putting the head of someone with a failing body on the healthy body of someone who had no brain activity. Their previous volunteer on the head side backed out after his wife gave birth to a child conceived from his sperm.
Is this technique ready for human head transplant trials?
Are we?
HOW HE PLANS TO TRANSPLANT A HUMAN HEAD
Dr Sergio Canavero has previously explained how the transplant procedure would work.
The 36-hour operation involves decapitating both donor and patient.
The Italian neurosurgeon will then use a glue like substance named polyethylene gylcol to fuse the head to the donor body.
After the spinal cords are fused the muscles and circulatory systems will be stitched up before the body is placed into month long coma to recover (when it is done on a live person).
Canavero believes the procedure could revolutionise medicine, giving paralysed people the ability to walk again and people to transport their ever older heads onto younger bodies.
Surgeons planning world's first HEAD transplant claim they repaired 'irreversible' spinal cord injuries in monkeys and dogs - which they say is proof they can start human trials
Surgeons planning world's first HEAD transplant claim they repaired 'irreversible' spinal cord injuries in monkeys and dogs - which they say is proof they can start human trials
Sergio Canavero, of Italy, and Xiaoping Ren, of China, published two studies on Wednesday
In the studies, they claim to cure 'irreversible' spinal cord injuries in monkeys and dogs
The papers were published in the peer-reviewed US journal Surgical Neurology International
Describing their findings as 'unprecedented', Canavero and Ren say this shows they are ready to conduct human trials
The surgeons aspiring to perform the world's first human head transplant claim they have made indisputable progress towards their controversial goal.
Sergio Canavero, ofItaly, and Xiaoping Ren, ofChina, published two studies on Wednesday in which they claim to cure 'irreversible' spinal cord injuries in monkeys and dogs.
According to the papers, published in the peer-reviewed US journal Surgical Neurology International, the animals were able to walk again after their spinal cords were severed then successfully repaired.
Describing their findings as 'unprecedented', Canavero and Ren say this shows they are ready to conduct human trials.
Sergio Canavero, widely seen as a rogue in the West, claims China is giving him space to innovate
Canavero, based in Turin, told USA Today, his studies 'completely reject' the view that 'a severed spinal cord cannot be mended in any way, a mantra uncritically repeated over and over.'
It's not clear where the trials would be conducted.
Their recent animal studies were done in China, at Harbin Medical University, where researchers across the country have been pushing the envelope scientifically and ethically, sending pulses racing across the world.
Until 2018, they had a candidate - 33-year-old Russian computer science student Valery Spiridonov, who has a fatal muscle-wasting disease.
But Spiridonov dropped out because his new wife gave birth to their 'miracle son', which gave him pause.
That does not mean their aspirations are hampered - a lesson the medical community learned from China in November, when geneticist Dr He Jiankui revealed he had genetically edited twin girls, despite widespread global agreement that the technology and its implications were too risky to use on humans.
Reports later claimed the Chinese government funded Dr He's work, sparking more ire and concern among Western biomedical ethicists.
Canavero, widely regarded as a rogue in the Western medical community, has accused his European and US peers of 'patronizing' China.
'Western bioethicists needed to stop patronizing the world,' he told the South China Morning Post. 'Chinese President Xi Jinping wants to restore China to greatness.'
Biomedical ethicists point out that there are 'a number of problems' with their venture.
One pertinent one: they will likely need to obtain the patient's consent to be killed, which could be drafted in a similar way as 'patient assisted death' (PAD), or euthanasia - though that is illegal in China.
But researchers are concerned that the law won't get in the way. There is strong evidence that Chinese prisoners have been forced to donate organs.
Writing for the British Medical Journal, bioethicist Michael S Dauber said: 'While these are certainly serious issues, the real problem with this picture is with international regulations: none of the laws and policies designed to protect patients and human research subjects have been able to stop them Canavero and Ren, nor are they likely to do so.'
Dr. Sergio Canavero predicts head transplantation is possible
A small asteroid – now designated as 2019 FC1 – flew closer to us than the moon on March 28, 2019. Astronomers detected it 1 day later. It’s the largest of 14 asteroids to pass closer to us than the moon since 2019 began.
In 2013,a small asteroidentered Earth’s atmosphere above the city of Chelyabinsk in Russia. Its shock wave broke windows and knocked down parts of buildings in six Russian cities and caused some 1,500 people to seek medical attention for injuries, mostly from flying glass. Can a Chelyabinsk-type event occur again? Definitely.
A newly discovered asteroid designated 2019 AS5 flew past Earth at a very close distance of 0.04 LD / 0.00010 AU (14 959 km / 9 295 miles) on January 8, 2019. This is the 1st known asteroid to flyby Earth within 1 lunar distance this year and the closest since February 24, 2018.
Late last week (March 29, 2019), astronomers at Mt. Lemmon, Arizona, discovered a fast-moving space rock. After calculations of its orbit, it was realized that the asteroid had made its closest approach to Earth one day earlier, on March 28. The asteroid has been designated as 2019 FC1. According to The Watchers website, this is the 14th known asteroid to fly past Earth within one lunar distance since the start of 2019. It is the sixth this month. With an estimated size of around 98 feet (30 meters) in diameter, it’s the largest asteroid to pass closer to us than the moon since 2019 began.
It passed closer to us than the moon, at around 26.8 percent of the Earth-moon distance, or 64,102 miles (103,162 km) from our planet. According to NASA, closest approach occurred on March 28, 2019, at around 05:46 UTC (1:46 a.m. ET); translate UTC to your time.
The asteroid that buzzed Earth on March 28 was travelling really fast. Its speed has been estimated at 57,973 miles per hour (93,298 km/h), or 25.9 km per second, relative to Earth.
Although most of the mass of an asteroid of its size would disintegrate during the passage through Earth’s protective atmosphere, it’s worth noting that this space rock was almost twice as wide as the asteroid that penetrated the atmosphere over the skies above Chelyabinsk, Russia, on February 15, 2013. For comparison, the Chelyabinsk asteroid was estimated to be 55 feet (17 meters) in diameter, before entering our atmosphere.
The Apollo-type asteroid has an orbit that brings it close to Earth’s orbit every 3.3 years, but, according to astronomers’ calculations, the 2019 approach was the closest for this particular asteroid for at least the next 89 years.
The green line indicates the object’s apparent motion relative to the Earth, and the bright green marks are the object’s location at approximately half-hour intervals. The moon’s orbit is gray. The blue arrow points in the direction of Earth’s motion and the yellow arrow points toward the sun.
Bottom line: A small asteroid – now designated as 2019 FC1 – flew closer to us than the moon (64,102 miles or 103,162 km) on March 28, 2019. Astronomers detected it one day later and calculated its orbit backwards. With an estimated size of around 98 feet (30 meters) in diameter, it’s the largest of 14 asteroids to pass closer to us than the moon since 2019 began.
WETENSCHAP & PLANEET Boven de stad Gainesville, in de Amerikaanse staat Florida, is een groene vuurbal gespot. Heel wat bestuurders slaagden erin om het tafereel met hun dashcam te filmen.
Het nationale weerstation in Tallahassee pikte de meteoor op via een toestel om lichtflitsen te detecteren. Dat wordt normaal gebruikt om bliksemschichten te zoeken tijdens een storm.
Het weerstation onderzoekt nog waar de meteoor geland is en of er schade is. Het is mogelijk dat de meteoor tijdens de afdaling in stukken is afgebrokkeld en dus geen impact meer had.
NWS Tallahassee✔@NWSTallahassee
Did you see it? A meteor was caught on GOES Lightning Mapper (GLM) around 3:52Z or 11:52 PM ET!
Het is niet uitzonderlijk dat er een meteoor neerstort in de Verenigde Staten. Wat wel zeldzaam is, is dat de meteoor zo felgekleurd is. Eerder in maart werd nog een vuurbal boven Tennessee gespot. De lichtflits was in de hele regio te zien.
Begin februari explodeerde nog een meteoor boven Cuba. Enkele brokstukken stortte neer op de aarde, maar niemand raakte gewond. De explosie was tot in het zuiden van Florida te horen.
tblue@tbluegator
I didn't catch the Florida fireball directly, but my cameras did catch the flash #meteor
Archaeologists from New York discovered an Egyptian palace at the same site as the adjoining Temple of Ramesses II. The palace and temple are located at the ancient site of Abydos, Egypt, where numerous kings are also buried.
Archaeologists were excavating in and around the temple when they discovered the palace. They first found a walkway made from stones at the southwest entrance to the temple and they ended up finding a new entrance to a different building that had the markings of Ramesses II.
Ramesses II
When the researchers excavated the cornerstones of the temple, they noticed very similar royal symbols. The newly found symbols and the discovery of the palace give archaeologists more information regarding temples from that period of time. In fact, for the first time in around 160 years, the floor plan of the temple will have to be changed because of these new discoveries.
Ramesses II was also known as Ramesses the Great, and is considered to be one of the most important rulers in Egypt’s ancient times. It is believed that he ruled from 1279 B.C. to 1213 B.C. He is said to have built huge temples and put cartouches (an oval engraving that represents the name and title of a monarch) on several of the monuments.
Professor Joann Fletcher from the University of York informed Newsweek that King Ramesses III’s Luxor funerary temple also included a palace.
The ancient city of Abydos is located about 300 miles south of Cairo and is where pharaohs from the dynasties of the earliest times are believed to be lying in tombs. These early dynasties include Qaa from the first one ever, as well as Peribsen from the second dynasty.
Ramesses II
The city also includes temples that are dedicated to the god Osiris and the Pharaoh Seti I. In fact, around the years 2025 B.C. to 1700 B.C. (also known as the Middle Kingdom), many people went to the city to worship Osiris.
Fletcher stated, “The new discovery will certainly emphasize the way Ramesses II, like his father Seti, saw Abydos as the origin of royal power,” adding, “The fact Ramesses II required a palace at Abydos also reveals that he didn’t just order a new temple at the site but was spending enough time there to warrant such accommodation.” She went on to explain that the discovery “begins to balance out Abydos’ role as purely a cemetery and temple site. To have a building in which people lived their lives is always a fascinating thing to find.”
Special hieroglyphic symbols denote the name of Ramesses II at a temple at the ancient site of Abydos. Ruins of the ancient Egyptian city of Abydos lie roughly 300 miles south of Cairo, in low desert to the west of the Nile.
EGYPTIAN MINISTRY OF ANTIQUITIES
Archaeologists discovered evidence of a structure to the southwest of a temple dedicated to Ramesses II in the ancient city of Abydos, in Egypt.
US Air Force says 'it's not ours' after UFO seen falling to Earth in Alaska
US Air Force says 'it's not ours' after UFO seen falling to Earth in Alaska
Air force bosses have intervened after an unidentified flying object was filmed seemingly plunging to Earth.
In the footage, taken in Anchorage in the US state of Alaska, what looks like two plumes of black smoke are seen trailing a mysterious object.
A variety of military aircraft operate out of the nearby Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, but spokeswoman Erin Eaton said the sighting was nothing to do with them.
“That doesn't look like any of our planes,” she said. Officials from the Federal Aviation Administration added that the object in the video was not an aircraft, and that it hadn’t received any reports of aviation issues at the time.
But some experts still think a plane is the likeliest explanation. Peter Davidson, director of the Washington-based National UFO Reporting Center, said that the video showed “a high-altitude jet airliner, with a contrail behind it, t is in level flight, but because it is flying away from the camera, it appears to be ‘falling' he wrote.
Adonus Baugh, who shot the video, was not convinced. The 18-year-old said the object looked like something coming into the atmosphere.
“Me and my mom were just coming in to the parking lot of our house and that's when I noticed that something was falling from the sky,” he said.
“I thought it was a meteor or something coming into the atmosphere. “I actually never saw something like this before.”
Another witness, Bebe Kang, agreed. “It didn’t look like an airplane or one of those jets. It was big, super slow and red,” said Bebe.
Earler today I talked about alien structures and their colors. Here is a white reflective structure. The structure doesn't look white because I had to add shadow to get it to become visible, otherwise it would just be a white shiny area. In the above close up you can see a towering structure, similar in shape to the Space Needle in Seattle Washington, yet its the moon. Connected to it are many other white structures.
Now how do I know this is a white reflective structure? Easy, just look at the original photo and you will see that these white structures sit in the center of a dark shadow area. Yet...they reflect light either from itself or from far away sources. This is an entire city area of about 20 miles across. I have never seen this one before, but its complexity and beauty is absolute breathtaking.
I found this black structure on Earths moon today in a NASA lunar photo. The photo is dated 1965 and was one of the earlier scout craft to survey the moons surface. This building is a simplistic design. Just six large black domes. On main, one medium size front and four small. The design seems to have been inspired by a turtle, because thats what it looks like.
As I have said before in other posts over the years, there are three dominate types of buildings found out there.
1. Non reflective black structures...most commonly found and easily blend into the shadows and get ignored.
2. White highly reflective structures. These are nearly impossible to get a decent focused photo, but can still be identified with only about 60% of the structure visible while the other 40% is bright spot and unidentifiable reflection.
3. Grey metallic structures. Most often these are smaller than the above structures and are most commonly seen around the edges of the black structures. How small? Usually about 3% the size of the black structures they sit near. Oh, and often found in nebulas.
Other structures I have found.
4. I found many transparent glass like structures, but so reflective difficult to get focused close up. Several were pyramids, not published.
5. I found a 24K gold ship, shaped like a wide coffin and had 4-6 deep grooves cut from front to back. I believe it was a ship not a structure. Never did publish it. Lots of things I find, I just keep to myself. I do this to learn, to teach myself whats out there. And I make posts to share some of them.
The Eden Experiment: Aliens, Archons & the Associative Universe
The Eden Experiment: Aliens, Archons & the Associative Universe
In the timeless library of human myths and legends, perhaps none are more primal and disturbing than the biblical story of the Fall. Responsible for everything from the demonisation of women to the Church’s pious horror for nature, sex and the body, there is scarcely a life-hating ideology or barbaric practice it hasn’t been used to justify.
For all that, this strange and unsettling story has lost none of its melancholy power over the centuries, remaining as enigmatic and haunting as a dimly remembered nightmare – and almost no closer to being understood today than the day it was first told.
If “God” is all-powerful, then why did He need to test Adam and Eve at all? Wouldn’t a real supreme being already know what was going to happen? Why did the serpent seem like the only one who really understood what was going on? And who was God talking to when he fretted that Adam had become “like one of us”1?
Observes libertarian “anti-psychiatrist” Thomas Szasz:
Adam’s apple is so named because a piece of the biblical forbidden fruit is supposed to have stuck in his throat… Perhaps this is why the Forbidden Truth so often appears ‘chewed up’, transformed into metaphor, humour, satire, slang (or dream and myth, of course).2
In this essay I’d like to take the unusual step of examining the Eden myth, not through the lens of traditional theology or atheist reductionism, but instead from the perspective of a few fringe phenomena it isn’t usually associated with: alien abductions and the occult “serpent power” of Eastern mysticism.
As we shall discover, these apparent discrepancies aren’t mistakes at all, but instead represent the sole surviving keys to uncovering its true meaning – for the legend of Adam and Eve originally had nothing to do with human sin or divine punishment.
Instead, the story of the “Garden Eden” comes to us as a distorted version of primitive man’s first recorded encounter with uncanny beings from the stars – a botched abduction attempt culminating in the spontaneous illumination of two very confused cavemen.
What this means for religion in general, and monotheism in particular, I shall leave for the reader to divine on their own.
We shall see that at which dogs howl in the dark, and that at which cats prick up their ears after midnight. We shall see these things, and other things which no breathing creature has yet seen. We shall overleap time, space, and dimensions, and without bodily motion peer to the bottom of creation. – H.P. Lovecraft, From Beyond
UFOs – A Modern Problem?
Since the dawn of the space age, man’s dreams have been haunted by strange visions of cigar or saucer shaped aircraft bearing vaguely foetal (or insectoid) passengers who kidnap, brainwash and even impregnate their human captives before erasing their memories and vanishing into the ether.
Like “out of body” experiences or spirit possession, the UFO phenomenon stands as one of those baffling “psychic” anomalies which seems to exist for the sole purpose of mocking human reason. Claims one “victim”:
I woke up in the middle of the night and everything looked odd and strangely lit. At the end of my bed was a 4 feet high grey alien. Its spindly, thin body supported a huge head with two enormous, slanted, liquid black eyes. It compelled me, telepathically, to follow and led me into a spaceship… examination room [where]… I was forced to lie down while they… implanted something in my nose. I could see jars containing half-human, half-alien fetuses and a nursery full of silent, sickly children. When I eventually found myself back in bed, several hours had gone by.3
French astrophysicist Jacques Vallee studied the alien abduction phenomenon for decades, wondering continually at the arbitrary and illogical nature of most such reports. Why do these supposed “wise explorers from the stars” behave so bizarrely? If they have the advanced technology necessary for interstellar travel, why would they use it to visit this planet, let alone kidnap housewives, farmers and convenience store clerks for the purpose of anal probing? Observed Vallee’s mentor, J. Allen Hynek:
To me, it seems ridiculous that super intelligences would travel great distances to do relatively stupid things like stop cars, collect soil samples, and frighten people. I think we must begin to re-examine the evidence. We must begin to look closer to home.4
Vallee’s Rejection of the Extraterrestrial Hypothesis of Alien Contact
Researching hundreds of “contactee” testimonials, folkloric narratives and world mythologies, Vallee eventually concluded that UFOs aren’t what they seem to be. They don’t hail from the Zeta Reticula galaxy, they aren’t here to explore or conduct genetic experiments and their presence on this planet isn’t a recent development at all. Instead, notes Vallee:
Reports of uncanny visitors from the sky have plagued mankind for thousands of years – enough to rule out short-term exploration as a motive.
Witnesses typically describe the “aliens” as humanoid bipeds able to breathe our atmosphere and see in our light spectrum – but wouldn’t genuine extraterrestrials be adapted to a completely different type of environment?
The aliens’ supposedly “scientific” experiments are “crude to the point of being grotesque…. often accompanied by sadistic sexual manipulation [and] reminiscent of medieval encounters with demons” – not the sort of behaviour we might expect from an advanced civilisation!5
Finally, since UFOs seem able to appear and disappear at will, they are probably “not just a bunch of spacecraft” but instead represent “a much more interesting technology that manipulates dimensions. It manipulates space-time. And if it can do that, then [the aliens could] be from anywhere and anytime.”6
Frustrated with the unquestioned assumptions and cultish insularity of contemporary ufology, Vallee instead suggests three alternatives to the “Extraterrestrial Hypothesis” (EH) based on “second level” readings of the UFO phenomenon – speculative scenarios notable less for what they say about UFOs than about the structure of physical reality itself:
The Inter-Dimensional Hypothesis
One possibility is that aliens are not from another planet, but instead represent “evidence for other dimensions beyond spacetime”7 – extradimensional entities hailing from an uncanny world which overlaps but only occasionally intrudes upon our own, beings from the future (or a perhaps a ghostly copy of our own earth) using “four-dimensional wormholes for space and even time travel”8 through the “multiverse which is all around us.”9
This “multiverse” could consist of parallel worlds existing alongside each other in different dimensions of space, alternate past and future worlds following one another in time, or even computer-generated “virtual worlds” stored in some vast cosmic database (as in the film ‘The Matrix’); if this latter instance is true, hints Vallee, then the seemingly stable and predictable world in which we find ourselves could be a much more magical (or even whimsical) place than we normally realise:
If there is no time dimension as we usually assume there is, [then] the human brain may be traversing events by association… If we live in the associative universe of the software scientists rather than the sequential universe of the spacetime physicist, then miracles are no longer irrational events… [and the] illusion of time and space would be merely a side effect of consciousness as it traverses associations. In such a theory, apparently paranormal phenomena like remote viewing and precognition would be expected, even common, and UFOs would lose much of their bizarre quality…10
The Electromagnetic Connection
Another promising vein of inquiry originates with the work of Dr. Michael Persinger, a cognitive neuroscientist at Laurentian University in Canada whose 1975 “Tectonic Stress Theory” holds that UFOs, out-of-body experiences and mystical visions of saints and angels are the byproducts of electrical microseizures (i.e., epileptic episodes) resulting from exposure to electromagnetic fields generated by shifting plates in the Earth’s crust.
Persinger’s experiments include the construction of the “God helmet,” a specially modified motorcycle helmet which uses weak EM fields to stimulate the parietal and temporal lobes of the brain. Shockingly, almost 80% of the 900 subjects thus tested report altered states of consciousness, visions of God and dead loved ones, and even full-blown alien abductions.11
More radical still is Paul Devereux’s 1989 “Earth Lights” hypothesis, in which UFOs appear as some sort of “previously unrecognised terrestrial phenomenon” (think Will O’ the Wisps) which either rely upon or are attracted to the EM fields generated by seismic stress.
Devereux notes that the strange balls of light which appear and hover near or around earthquake fault lines behave at times almost like “inquisitive animals” and speculates that they may be intelligent “macro-quantal” blobs of plasma energy capable of telepathy, mimicry and hypnosis.12
Both theories in turn anticipate the research of Johnjoe McFadden, an English neuroscientist at the University of Surrey whose Conscious Electromagnetic Field Theory (CEMI) locates human thought outside the wet, grey labyrinth of the brain, identifying it instead with a weak electromagnetic field which surrounds and penetrates the skull.13
If McFadden is correct, then the entire sensory environment we perceive all around us could be nothing more than an extremely sophisticated communications broadcast of some sort – perhaps just one of many “channels” available to the human nervous system.
The Control System Hypothesis
Vallee’s final alternative to the EH is his “Control System” Hypothesis, a fringe view in which aliens (or UFOs) appear as a non-human intelligence closely linked to the Earth, but not bound by it – not little green men from far-flung planets but hallucinatory imps from a dreamlike hyperspace who always seem to appear in just about the form we expect to see them.
Once upon a time these interacted and appeared to us as gods, spirits and angels, accepting sacrifices, sending dreams and inspiring mankind’s great religions; then as fairies, goblins, elves and spirits, spreading fear and wonder in the lives of medieval peasants; and finally as space-faring “greys,” reptilian humanoids and noble “Plaeaidian” scientists, bearing cryptic warnings about the environment and seeding new mythologies for the Information age.
So why have these protean tricksters chosen to visit us? Perhaps Vallee’s most controversial claim is that these mysterious visitors are themselves mere epiphenomena, shadows and reflections of a vast (and very ancient) “control system” which has been operating in the background to manipulate human belief systems since time immemorial, guiding our species towards some unknown purpose. Notes Vallee:
If UFOs are having an action at [the level of myth] it will be almost impossible to detect it by conventional methods… because they are the means by which man’s concepts are being rearranged. All we can do is trace their effect…14
This “control system,” Vallee hypothesises, could represent a projection of the collective unconscious, the activity of an unknown species or even some sort of ecosystemic feedback loop.15
Vallee’s Control System and the Origins of Western Religion
If mankind’s long flirtation with gods, ghosts, goblins and grays is anything to go by, Vallee’s alien “control system” has been with us since the very beginning – and for evidence of its influence, we need look no further than the origins of Abrahamic monotheism.
Take, for example, the story of the Garden of Eden, an eerie tale which – with only a little imagination – can easily be read as a coded account of an alien abduction, an extraterrestrial interlude in which speaking primates are tested for obedience and adaptability:
Omniscient keeper(s) create a man (or remove him?) from the “earth”;
Test subject is anesthetised;
Keepers produce a female specimen supposedly cloned from his “rib”;
Test subjects are placed in a controlled environment and forbidden from eating a certain type of food;
A writhing hologram appears (the “shining serpent”) and encourages them to violate the Keepers’ directives;
Subjects are punished and returned to the wild to digest their encounter.
Now, is this all there is to the story – ancient astronauts tampering with primitive man? Admittedly, that would be incredible if true – but wouldn’t alien scientists have been able to conceal even the most elaborate breeding and colonisation program from a pair of cavemen?
What if the real agenda behind the Eden incident was not creation (or obedience testing) but something else entirely?
Remarks Vallee:
If the phenomenon is forcing us through a learning curve, then it has no choice but to mislead us. When Skinner designs a machine that feeds a rat only when the right lever is depressed, this is extremely misleading for the rat. But if the rat doesn’t depress the correct lever, he becomes extremely hungry. Man is hungry for knowledge and power, and if there is an intelligence behind the UFOs it must have taken this fact into account…16
Perhaps instead of looking at the biblical “Fall” as a failed experiment, we should instead think of it as what Vallee calls an “open control system” – a metalogical labyrinth whose participants “graduate” to the next level when the correct sequence of stimuli are triggered – in this case, eating the “forbidden fruit.”
In other words, “Adam” and “Eve” didn’t fail the test when they ate from the “Tree of Knowledge” – they passed it.
Open Control Systems and Mythological Mashups
This alternate reading of the Eden creation myth is reinforced in the scriptures of the ancient Gnostics, an unorthodox (some say “heretical”) movement in early Christianity that competed with the infant Catholic church for several centuries after the birth of Christ.
Often dismissed as a primitive heresy that fell under the weight of its own obscurantist tendencies, Gnosticism was instead a sophisticated system of occult hermeneutics whose acolytes employed special neurolinguistic trance-inducing techniques to engage in a sort of memetic sabotage, splicing, remixing and mutating of biblical stories in a manner seemingly calculated to cause maximum offense and psychological discomfort. But why? Notes one literary critic:
Drugs, sex, and power control the body, but “word and image locks” control the mind, that is, “lock” us into conventional patterns of perceiving, thinking, and speaking that determine our interactions with environment and society. The cutup is a way of exposing word and image controls and thus freeing oneself from them, an alteration of consciousness that occurs in both the writer and the reader of the text.17
For the Gnostics, the biblical creation stories weren’t divine revelations, but the shattered fragments of a monstrous and malevolent spell – the control system. By rearranging and retelling Judeo-Christian myths, the Gnostics sought clues that might allow them to reprogram creation itself, changing the past, seizing control of the heavens, and overthrowing the phony god of the Bible.
The Gnostic Version(s) of the Eden Myth
In the Gnostic view, Eden was not a paradise, but a jungle laboratory where an opportunistic race of alien parasites conducted a series of bizarre experiments in an attempt to produce a compliant strain of biped slaves.
Banished from the stars at the dawn of time, these “archons” (Greek for “rulers”) fled to the Earth where they abducted a caveman named “Adam” and sexually assaulted his mate “Eve,” implanting both with false (or screen) memories:
When they [the archons] saw Eve speaking with [Adam], they said to one another… “Come, let us seize her and let us cast our seed on her, so that… those whom she will beget will serve us. But let us not tell Adam that she is not derived from us, but let us bring a stupor upon him, and… teach him in his sleep as though she came into being from his rib…18
Feared and worshipped as “gods” and “angels,” the Archons depend for their very existence on the energy captured and siphoned from the human nervous system via various control systems – biological and memetic thermostats which allow them to regulate the flow of information and energy through words and images, pleasure and pain:
They say that the soul is the food of the Archons and Powers without which they cannot live, because she is of the dew from above and gives them strength…19
Adam and Eve “fell” when the archons programmed them with prohibitions and commandments, changing them from primates living in the eternal “now” to “soft machines” – biological automata at war with their own instincts, parasitised by selfish replicators and paralysed by double-binds:
….when the Rulers saw [Adam] and the woman who was with him, erring in ignorance… they rejoiced greatly… They came to Adam… [and] said to him, “Every tree which is in Paradise, whose fruit may be eaten, was created for you. But beware! Don’t eat from the Tree of Knowledge…” [T]hey gave them a great fright….20
Unfortunately for the archons, this strange prohibition seems to have provoked its own violation – for, as the Gnostic scriptures inform us:
[the archons] do not understand what they have said to [Adam]; rather… they said this in such a way that he might in fact eat…21
Pushed to the brink by a mysterious talking serpent, Adam and Eve partook of the fruit and convulsed with ecstasy as the walls of the Garden fell away to reveal the larger world outside the Garden. Like lab rats suddenly lifted out of a maze, Adam and Eve could now perceive their own situation clearly for the very first time:
Then their mind opened. For when they ate… they saw that they were naked, and they became enamoured of one another. When they saw their makers, they loathed them since they were beastly forms. They understood very much…22
Serpent Power Rising
A few more details complete this curious picture: Adam, we learn, was created with “seven souls”23; the “serpent” was actually a “hidden Mother” goddess named “Sophia” who fought against the archons from her secret location inside Adam’s “intestines”(!)24; and finally, when Eve fled from the archons, she took refuge inside the “Tree of Knowledge”25 (in biblical Hebrew, the word for “tree” can also mean “spine.”).
If any of this sounds familiar, it should – for as countless researchers have noted, the entire story seems to be nothing more than an allegorical description of the Kundalini serpent of Buddhist and Hindu yoga:
A Tantric yogi sees the great Mother present within his human body as the Kundalini. She lies hidden by her self-created ignorance, like a snake, coiled and fast asleep… at the bottom of the spinal cord. Through [meditation], the Tantric awakens the Mother and rouses her to go upward… [until he] becomes illumined…26
Theories about the Kundalini Serpent
Frequently misunderstood as an exotic oddity unique to Eastern mysticism, the kundalini instead represents a cross-cultural phenomenon of great antiquity (and plasticity) which (like the UFO phenomenon) has many features in common with OBEs, NDEs, spirit possession and shamanic initiation.
In short, the belief is that the human body possess seven (sometimes more) energy centres called “chakras,” roughly located near or in the anus, genitals, stomach, heart, throat, brow and crest of the skull. Normally clogged with the traumata of everyday life, these “chakras” open when stimulated by a serpentine energy which normally lies sleeping and coiled at the base of the spine.
In dreams, this serpent takes the form of a sleeping goddess who projects the illusion of the world; awakened, she climbs the spine to open the “third eye” at the crown of the head, bringing explosive emotional, psychological and spiritual growth, even ecstasy, enlightenment and the acquisition of occult powers.
Although the scientific study of the kundalini is still in its infancy, there do exist many plausible theories which might some day explain how it works. Here are a few of them:
Reichian/Bioenergetic
Wilhelm Reich was a renegade disciple of Freud’s who discovered a type of libidinal energy called orgone which flows throughout the “seven segments”27 of the body, resembling nothing so much in its “slow undulation[s]” as “the movement of an intestine or snake.”28
In most of us, social and cultural programming cause this elusive life force to become blocked in early childhood so that it pools up in the muscles and hardens into a rigid “body armour.” Thus diverted from life, the stagnant energy becomes a machine-like parody of itself which stunts and distorts human emotions, turning healthy expressions of love and sexuality into addiction, resentment and fear.
In the long term, the suffocating obstacles imposed by this invisible exoskeleton cause untold misery by exacerbating the mind/body split and creating the conditions necessary for the emergence of cancer (in individuals) and fascism (in societies).
Unimpressed with the slow pace and ineffectiveness of traditional talk therapy, Reich favoured a direct, hands-on approach designed to weaken the body armour itself. Over time, Reich and his followers found that unplanned events of great emotional intensity could trigger the orgone to ascend through the seven body segments spontaneously, purging vast reserves of repressed emotional energy and causing the body to vibrate uncontrollably as the noxious “body armour” crumbled once and for all.
Mechanical
Czech inventor Itzhak Bentov dedicated years to the study of human consciousness, eventually developing what is today known as the “holographic model” of the human brain.
In Bentov’s view, the “kundalini experience” is primarily a mechanical phenomenon which arises when the brain begins to vibrate in sympathetic resonance with the heartbeat (7.5 hz), releasing terrific amounts of stored musculoskeletal stress as the nervous system is temporarily transformed into a polarised loop.
This in turn causes the spinal column to oscillate like a tuning fork, allowing it to receive and transmit information directly from the ionosphere – the same part of the atmosphere responsible for bouncing electromagnetic waves back to Earth.29
The Pineal Gland and the Third Eye
Finally, former New Mexico University psychiatrist Rick Strassman hypothesises that kundalini yoga somehow stimulates the pineal gland to secrete larger than normal amounts of naturally-occurring DMT into the brain – making it the true “third eye.”30
DMT is a powerful hallucinogen, also found in ayahuasca, the “vine of souls” used by Amazonian shamans to induce mystical visions; the pineal gland, meanwhile, has its own surprising analog in the photosensitive “third eye” found in many species of reptiles, a vestigial organ with full lens and retina buried under the skin in the centre of the forehead.31
The connections to biblical myth here are many and obvious, so what does it all mean?
Seeking to understand the roots of human religious experience, Strassman injected over 60 volunteers with high doses of DMT, conducting over 400 such sessions from 1990-1995; perhaps unsurprisingly, just over half his test subjects reported blissful visions of timeless, cosmic unity, communion with benevolent deities and “classic near-death experiences” which included flying through tunnels of “radiant light.”32
The other 47% were not so lucky, reporting nightmarish beings drawn straight from the twilight horror-world of the Gnostic counter-Eden: menacing “clowns, elves [and] robots” who threatened and even attacked their human victims. Strassman finally ended his experiments ahead of schedule when one of his subjects reported being “eaten alive” by giant insects.
Dragons in the Darkness
Strassman’s findings here echo the eerie experiences of Michael Harner, an American anthropologist who penetrated the Amazon rainforest forty years earlier to experiment with the “vine of souls” potion himself.
Harner reported seeing “giant reptilian creatures” dwelling in and around his own brain stem, “dragon-like” beings from deep space who colonised the Earth millennia ago; chillingly, these dark beings claimed to have seeded the Earth with life for the sole purpose of creating various host species they could hide themselves in.
“I learned that the dragon-like creatures were thus inside of all forms of life, including man,” claims Harner. “They were the true masters of humanity and the entire planet, they told me. We humans were but [their] receptacles and servants…”33
True to form, when Harner demanded an explanation from the medicine man who gave him the potion responsible for this ominous vision, the old man just laughed and explained that, “…they’re always saying that. But they are only the Masters of Outer Darkness…”34
Conclusion
Clearly Harner is speaking here of beings very much like the archons of Gnostic myth or the manipulative “greys” of modern Ufology – but are these entities nothing more than symbolic projections of the reptilian brain, as Harner’s narrative seems to imply?
Do aliens and archons hail from outer space or inner space? Why is “contact” with aliens (or archons) so often accompanied by vibrations or tremors, either muscular or tectonic? How should we think about the “serpent” now that we know it is probably a dormant evolutionary mechanism of some sort? And are the “big three” Abrahamic religions of Islam, Judaism and Christianity really nothing more than hallucinatory control mechanisms employed by alien parasites to enslave and manipulate us?
German Historian Klaus Theweleit has written what would seem to be the last possible word on the subject, noting that:
…[T]he ‘fall of man’ depicts a failed revolution from the victor’s standpoint. For attempting to put into practice their slogan ‘Our bodies belong to us,’ the rebels were sentenced to a life of forced labor… ‘Your bodies belong to your Ruler!’ – that was the response. (The ‘paradise’ they were driven out of was the blissful state of being ruled without realising it. Even today, being driven out of ‘paradise’ is the penalty for trying to create a paradise.)35
Whether the Eden story is really about UFOs or the kundalini, and whether such phenomena are electromagnetic or chemical in origin, I can’t say for sure (I’ve never even seen a UFO!), but I do know this:
I have taken mushrooms and seen great, flying black mantas which pursued me across the desert floor, telepathically overwhelming me with thoughts of paranoia and despair. I’ve taken DMT and left my body to enter a crystalline world of euphoric decahedrons and four-dimensional pyramids, spread out beneath a great vaulted membrane which breathed, and knew at that instant that this membrane was the threshold between time and eternity.
I’ve practiced tantric yoga with a dakini and been bruised and battered as I hyperventilated under the tutelage of a Reichian therapist; and I’ve been in dark rooms lit only by flickering candles, watching friends and family members pant as their eyes rolled back in their heads and their limbs shook uncontrollably, “mounted” by the spirits of the dead and personified forces of nature known to witch doctors the world over.
Whatever the origins of these and related “psychic” phenomena ultimately prove to be – genetic memories, autonomous archetypal complexes, glitches in the Matrix or even the intrusive activities of extraterrestrial civilisations – nothing will change for our species until we finally rise to our feet, shake off the chains of superstition and ignorance and claim our inheritance – not as childlike “test subjects” to be ordered about and punished, but as adults striding forth into the cosmos with eyes wide open, ready to take responsibility for our own evolution.
The Eden myth, like all myths, is meant to be lived; not studied but experienced – so let us treat the Bible with its endless commandments and airless authoritarianism not as the final authority on human life, but as a leaping off point for the rediscovery of the human body as a sacred text in its own right, a flesh and blood book with its own sounds, smells and textures and even wisdom too – for in the end, it may be the only thing we can ever really know anyway.
Or, as the Gnostic scriptures put it:
You are the Tree of Knowledge, which is in Paradise, from which the first man ate and which opened his mind, so that he became enamoured of his co-likeness, and condemned other alien likenesses, and loathed them.36
7. Vallee, Dimensions: A Casebook of Alien Contact, p.253, pub. 1988
8. Vallee, Revelations: Alien Contact and Human Deception, p.255, pub. 2008
9. Vallee, Dimensions, p.253
10. Ibid, p.257
11. BBC – Science & Nature – Horizon – God on the Brain, www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2003/godonbrain.shtml
12. Paul Devereux, “Earth Lights: Abstracted from a presentation given at the Dana Center of the London Science Museum,” December 9, 2003, www.pauldevereux.co.uk/new/html/body_earthlights.html
13. JohnJoe McFadden, The Conscious Electromagnetic Field Theory, www.surrey.ac.uk/qe/cemi.htm
14. Vallee, Dimensions, p.246
15. Vallee, Revelations, p.254
16. Vallee, Dimensions, p.246
17. Jenny Skerl, William S. Burroughs, quoted in “William S. Burroughs Cut-ups,” languageisavirus.com
18. Willis Barnstone (editor), The Other Bible, “On the Origin of the World,” p.70, pub. 1984
19. Hans Jonas, The Gnostic Religion, p.169, pub. 1958
20. Barnstone, Ibid, p.71
21. Barnstone, Ibid, “The Hypostasis of the Archons,” p.77
22. Barnstone, Ibid, “On the Origin of the World,” p.71
23. Marvin W. Meyer, The Secret Teachings of Jesus: Four Gnostic Gospels, “The Secret Book of John,” pp.69-70, pub. 1986
24. Barnstone, Ibid, “The Sethian-Ophites,” p.664
25. Willis Barnstone (editor), The Other Bible, “On the Origin of the World,” p.70, pub. 1984
26. Elizabeth U. Harding, Kali: The Black Goddess of Dakshineswar, pp.70-71, pub. 1993
The attitude control motor for the Orion capsule goes through its first test.
An emergency motor designed to steer future NASA Orion capsule crewmembers to safety ignited during a recent 30-second test and produced over 7,000 lbs. of thrust, according to the space agency.
The Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle is currently slated to sit atop the Space Launch System (SLS), a superheavy-lift launch vehicle that could one day bring humans back to the moon. The evolving project might even bring the first crew to Mars. For now, Orion will travel on SLS, but there's a possibility it will fly atop a commercial carrier, instead, for its first test flight around the moon — Exploration Mission-1 (EM-1) — if SLS won't be ready for the June 2020 flight.
No matter the vehicle, Orion needs a backup plan if the rocket malfunctions upon exiting low Earth orbit. To prepare for a worst-case scenario, propulsion engineers need to have a keen awareness of the three dimensionality of a launch. So, having the right attitude is important.
Attitude is the orientation of a spacecraft in three-dimensional space. It's an element that's essential to navigation, and errors in precision have been known to cause mission failure, like the case of Europe's Schiaparelli Mars lander.
"This test was the first in a series of evaluations aimed at qualifying the attitude control motor for crewed missions," NASA officials said in an agency statement March 25.
The eight valves that recently lit up at the Northrop Grumman facility in Elkton, Maryland, are part of the attitude control motor that could orient the Orion crew capsule and guide its trajectory moving away from the rocket in case of an emergency. Rather than just speeding up faster than the rocket accelerating below it, the eight valves around the motor's cylindrical body would jettison the crew off to one side and away from a dangerous situation.
The Orion abort attitude control motor fires during a test at Northrop Grumman's facility in Elkton, Maryland.
Elishabet Lato, propulsion engineer at Northrop Grumman, and astronaut Randy Bresnik of Expedition 52/53 to the International Space Station, spoke during a Facebook Live event on March 20 to explain the Orion Launch Abort System attitude control motor test.
Each valve is positioned on one-eighth of the cylindrical body, and depending on which direction they need to take, the valves will ignite in milliseconds as hot gas comes out each of those valves to pivot Orion in the opposite direction, according to Lato.
If launch is successful, the Launch Abort System won't be needed any longer. In that case, it would be discarded by the launch vehicle so the spacecraft doesn't have to use its propellant to push unnecessary weight as it continues on its journey.
NASA tested Orion's crew module uprighting system off the coast of North Carolina in March 2018.
NASA also reported that the crew module uprighting system (CMUS), which ensures the Orion capsule re-enters Earth right side up, underwent testing last week off the coast of North Carolina, agency officials said in the statement.
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Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
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![Ritual offerings include gold, semi-precious stones, and incense burners adorned with pumas.]({"default":{"load":"default","w":"80","h":"53","src":"//img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/BBVv9tt.img?h=533&w=799&m=6&q=60&o=f&l=f&x=1065&y=880"},"size3column":{"load":"default","w":"62","h":"42","src":"//img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/BBVv9tt.img?h=416&w=624&m=6&q=60&o=f&l=f&x=1065&y=880"},"size2column":{"load":"default","w":"62","h":"42","src":"//img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/BBVv9tt.img?h=416&w=624&m=6&q=60&o=f&l=f&x=1065&y=880"}})
![A spondylus shell, center, was a precious object in the Tiwanaku state and an example of the valuable offerings left in the lake.]({"default":{"load":"default","w":"80","h":"53","src":"//img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/BBVviSM.img?h=533&w=799&m=6&q=60&o=f&l=f"},"size3column":{"load":"default","w":"62","h":"42","src":"//img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/BBVviSM.img?h=416&w=624&m=6&q=60&o=f&l=f"},"size2column":{"load":"default","w":"62","h":"42","src":"//img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/BBVviSM.img?h=416&w=624&m=6&q=60&o=f&l=f"}})
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