Giant UFO Over Lake Erie Near Toledo, Ohio Recorded By Driver, Dec 2018, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: December 2018
Location of sighting: Lake Erie, Toledo, Ohio, USA
Source: 

• https://www.elhorizonte.mx/internacional/ovni-desconcierta-al-mundo-al-flotar-sobre-un-lago/2491011
  
  

A father and son were driving near Toledo, Ohio, along the shore of Lake Erie, last Christmas, when they saw a huge object floating above the surface. They stopped and the father decided to record it on video. At first it looks like a cloud, but if you look more closely you can see how the object is symmetrical, showing a shape similar to a classic "flying saucer" or a cigar type UFO. 

The UFO probably just came up from out of the water. I believe that the ocean has many underwater bases below its ocean floor and this is 100% proof that such base do exist. The UFO is just waiting to get most of the water off of it before it cloaks. If the water is still on the craft, it cannot cloak properly. 
Scott C. Waring

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

11-04-2019 om 16:02 geschreven door peter  

Family witnessed UFO sightings in Tatacoa, Colombia On April 7, 2019, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: April 7, 2019, Sunday
Location of sighting: Tatacoa, Colombia
Source: 

• https://www.diariodelhuila.com/familia-asegura-haber-presenciado-avistamiento-ovni-en-la-tatacoa

Aliens love South America. Why? So many ancient Aztec, Mayan and Inca pyramid sites. All of which worshiped the aliens as gods in one way or another. Numerous eyewitnesses have seen UFOs flying in and out of volcanos and mountain areas in South America. They also get a lot of cover from having an underground base in a difficult to reach location...like the Amazon jungle. 

Have UFO sightings declined in the last few years? No, not by any means. Its just that most people have their heads buried in their computers and phones, so they just look up less and less frequently. 
Scott C. Waring

News states: 

A trip to the Tatacoa Desert, became for all the members of the Colorado Acuña family a unique experience for apparently having sighted what in their opinion is a UFO. According to Marcela Acuña López, the event that has shocked the family occurred after five in the afternoon when, after a long tourist day with her brother who resides in Bogotá, they get ready to return to Neiva. According to Marcela, at the time of her sister-in-law to make a photographic record of the sunset in the desert and from the vehicle in motion, the camera captures what according to her and her sister-in-law is a UFO (Unidentified Flying Object).

In the image that was provided by Marcela Acuña, it is clearly seen how a strange element quickly crosses the horizon driven apparently by two turbines. The family has indicated that they expect to contact experts in this field to provide the photographs and that they may or may not determine if it was a UFO.

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

11-04-2019 om 15:58 geschreven door peter  

Actual Shape Of The First Black Hole Ever Photographed, April 11. 2019, UFO Sighting News.

Date of discovery: April 10, 2019
Location of discovery: Galaxy M87
NASA source: 

• https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/news/black-hole-image-makes-history
  
  

When NASA announced that they took the first ever photograph of a black hole, I knew I had to look into it more deeply. I noticed that the black hold had an inner and outer walls. 

The inner was is round with a dark abis bottom, while the closer part of the inner wall is full of torn up glowing material its pulling it. 

The outer wall is dark so we can't see it. So I added light to the photograph and quickly noticed that the outer wall was visible and was not a circle after all. The outer area was irregular shaped with parts of it stretching out like arms. If I had to describe its shape, I would have say it looks closest to a stingray without its tail. I also notice that its left and right side almost match, meaning there is some kind of balance system at play here. 

If a ship were to enter the black hole, it would have to pass through the red outer odd shaped wall. Once a ship enters the yellow area of the photo, it has passed what astrophysics calls the Schwarschild radius. That means the ship has passed the point of no return. No amount of force could escape after this point. 

Also another exciting thing is that The Schwarzschild radius also called the gravitational radius, is a physical parameter that shows up in the Schwarzschild solution to Einstein's field equations, corresponding to the radius defining the event horizon of a Schwarzschild black hole. This photo reinforces Einsteins theory. 
Scott C. Waring-Taiwan

{ https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

11-04-2019 om 15:52 geschreven door peter  

11-04-2019 om 02:03 geschreven door peter  

“Black holes are the most mysterious objects in the universe. We have seen what we thought was unseeable. We have taken a picture of a black hole.”

Sheperd Doeleman, director Event Horizon telescope (EHT) — a network of eight radio telescopes spanning the globe that captured the image – revealed the photograph on April 10 at a press conference loaded with top scientists and astronomers waiting to view the definitive proof of what they have all believed on faith, indicators and scientific models – that black holes exist.

Or do they?

Wait, you say … didn’t you see the photograph? Sure, but there are tens of thousands of photographs of the Earth from outer space showing that it’s a globe. Do any of them convince the Flat Earthers?

“This work investigates the backreaction of Hawking radiation on the interior of a gravitationally collapsing star, in a Hartle–Hawking initial vacuum. It shows that due to the negative energy Hawking radiation in the interior, the collapse of the star stops at a finite radius, before the singularity and the event horizon of a black hole have a chance to form. That is, the star bounces instead of collapsing to a black hole.”

What do we do with all of these ‘artist depictions’ now?

Meet Laura Mersini-Houghton, author of “Backreaction of Hawking radiation on a gravitationally collapsing star I: Black holes?”, a paper she wrote in 2014 in which she used two seemingly conflicting theories to seemingly prove that black holes don’t exist because they can’t possibly come into being in the first place. Mersini-Houghton is a physics professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. A press release by the college titled “Carolina’s Laura Mersini-Houghton shows that black holes do not exist” gives a simple explanation, referencing Stephen Hawking in an attempt to validate it.

“She and Hawking both agree that as a star collapses under its own gravity, it produces Hawking radiation. However, in her new work, Mersini-Houghton shows that by giving off this radiation, the star also sheds mass. So much so that as it shrinks it no longer has the density to become a black hole. Before a black hole can form, the dying star swells one last time and then explodes. A singularity never forms and neither does an event horizon. The take home message of her work is clear: there is no such thing as a black hole.”

There you have it. Needless to say, black hole believers reacted strongly against the paper. In 1974, Stephen Hawking proposed that a black hole temporarily entraps matter and energy that can eventually reemerge as outgoing radiation — Hawking Radiation. Most responses to Mersini-Houghton’s paper centered on the idea that a black hole doesn’t emit enough Hawking Radiation to shrink its mass down to Mersini-Houghton’s level which would prevent a black hole from forming.

Close but no cigar.

Mersini-Houghton was not the only black hole denier (No Black Holer?), just the latest and most famous. All had one last fall-back position – if black holes exist, why isn’t there a photograph of one. Well, now there is and there are sure to be more. As of this writing, there’s been no comment on the photo by Mersini-Houghton.

What do you think? Did the photo of Earth from the moon 50 years ago convince Flat Earthers?

I was right!

{  https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

11-04-2019 om 01:50 geschreven door peter  

UFO sighting: 'Black triangle UFO' over London used cloaking device - ‘We were SHOCKED'

A BRITISH UFO eyewitness was “shocked” to see a triangular alien spaceship use a cloaking device over London, according to an unexplained UFO sighting report.

11-04-2019 om 00:24 geschreven door peter  

Scheepswrak van 3.600 jaar oud gevonden op Turkse zeebodem - HLN.be

Daimy Van den Eede 

Bron: CNN

Het schip zou in 1600 voor Christus onderweg geweest zijn naar het Griekse eiland Kreta, maar gezonken zijn in een storm. Het werd teruggevonden door een gespecialiseerd onderzoeksteam van de Universiteit van Antalya, in het zuiden van Turkije.

Bekijk ook:

{ https://www.hln.be/ }

10-04-2019 om 23:49 geschreven door peter  

“Georgians were the first winemakers on Earth and now we hope to pioneer viticulture on the planet next door.”

It’s often said that real progress in a new technology isn’t made until someone starts using it for sex or getting high. That seems to be the case in the quest to be ready to grow plants on Mars as soon as humans first step onto the red soil. Yes, I know, some of you believe humans are already there – but do they have booze? A group of researchers in the country of Georgia, which prides itself on being the birthplace of wine-making, is planting the seeds to become the first to grow grapes and make wine on another planet. And yes, they’re planning for more than just reds.

“In the distant future, Martian colonists will be able to grow plants directly in Martian soil.”

The IX Millennium project (named for the 8,000 years Georgia has been making wine) was founded in January 2019 by Nikoloz Doborjginidze to lead the way to wine on Mars. The Independent reports this week that in just three short months, astrobiologist Marika Tarasashvili, has developed a composting bacteria that will turn Martian dirt into fertile Earth-like soil. Working in a lab in Tbilisi, she’s using bacteria collected from “extreme ecosystems” (no, not gas station restrooms, but that’s a good backup plan) like hot sulphurous springs and breeding it to ingest Mars and excrete earth.

“But first we need to create a model of completely controlled sustainable Martian greenhouses.”

Tusia Garibashvili is the founder of Space Farms company, which is now building a vertical farming laboratory with tightly controlled temperature, atmosphere and radiation conditions that will simulate the Martian environment … on the inside. On the outside will be a luxury hotel in Tbilisi that will house the laboratory — who says scientists have to live like lab rats?

Meanwhile, a second part of IX Millennium is working at the Business and Technology University testing various Georgian grape varieties in a simulated Martian environment. So far they’ve determined that pale-skinned Rkatsiteli grapes — an ancient and versatile white wine variety that dates back to 3000 BCE – grows best under harsh Mars-like ultra-violet rays.

Rkatsiteli grapes

Is the faux Rkatsiteli wine any good? The researchers at IX Millennium aren’t ready to answer that and are planning to test many more barrels of Martian whites and reds until the first Mars mission is ready … so they have plenty of time. Of course, they also have a noble cause to use as a front for all of that wine-tasting, according to Business and Technology University Dean Nino Enukidze.

“Martian dreams aside, our experiments are providing information that is vital as humanity confronts a multitude of environmental challenges. We will be able to identify and breed food crops resistant to the problems caused by global climate change.”

That’s right … the solution to climate change could come from drinking Martian wine made from Georgian grapes.

As Matt Damon might say, it beats growing potatoes

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

10-04-2019 om 23:30 geschreven door peter  

Oh boy, there’s something strange afoot in middle America. Recently, reports of bizarre flying humanoid creatures have ramped up in the states surrounding the Great Lakes, both current sightings and, as a consequence of the increased attention, reports of past sightings as well. As I’ve written in the past few months, there’s only one paranormal creature that fits the bill. It’s fair to say that Mothman is back in a big way, and he’s as spooky as ever.

Perhaps I’m getting over-excited, maybe Mothman is just hanging out in a tree somewhere eating donuts,  not scaring anybody. Maybe this is Butterflyman. I don’t know. Maybe this is just what you see when you’ve been up for three days reading about Mothman on the internet. Who can say, really?

Regardless, we can say that a man from Woodstock, Illinois did call 911 to report a freakishly tall winged humanoid with glowing green eyes, that apparently charged at him, screaming, while he was trying to leave a convenience store.

He sure is a persistent fellow.

The investigators at Singular Fortean were alerted to the case by the man himself. He sent them an account of his ordeal, which allegedly occurred on February 28, and asked for their investigative help. He compared it to a sighting that was previously reported in Woodstock, Illinois. Here’s the account of the incident sent to Singular Fortean:

I was outside Jewel Osco in Woodstock, Illinois and believe to [have seen] the same visual of an unusual being in the McHenry County fairground. It screeched at me then charged the fence, about thirty feet from the fence, it had very bright green eyes, [and] had wings and was all black leathery colored. It ran back towards the woods in the McHenry County fairgrounds. I called [the Woodstock police department] and [they] had county sheriffs respond to the location.

According to Singular Fortean, investigator Tobias Wayland called the witness at a predetermined time agreed upon by the witness, but was forced to leave a voicemail. The witness has not responded.

So it’s all nonsense, right? Well that’s where the 911 call comes in. Singular Fortean filed a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request with the Woodstock police department for all pertinent information and they received a transcript of the 911 call that the unnamed man made to the police department.

The transcript states that on February 28, 2019, an officer did respond to the Jewel Osco parking lot after the call was made:

“[The witness] had a sighting of a mysterious creature described as being 7-8 ft tall and wearing all black. [The witness] said the creature charged at him from the fair grounds screeching at him while he was in the Jewel lot and then it retreated. [The witness] named the creature the ‘Dufield Pond Swamp Monster,’ since he had the first sighting with police involvement. Investigation to continue.”

The 911 transcript via Singular Fortean

According to Singular Fortean, the McHenry County Fairgrounds are directly opposite the Dufield Pond Conservation Area, a thickly wooded area comprised of forest and parks. Another witness had reported seeing a large winged humanoid with dark fur emerge from the Dufield Pond Conservation Area on February 22.

This is the latest in a series of bizarre sightings that have occurred in the states surrounding the Great Lakes. According to Singular Fortean, every state surrounding Lake Michigan has had reports of winged humanoid creatures. They write:

Witnesses consistently describe a large, gray-or-black bat or bird-like creature—although in a small number of cases the creature was described as insect-like—sometimes with glowing or reflective red, yellow, or orange eyes; and humanoid features such as arms and legs are often reported.  Many of the sightings are also of something seen only briefly or are described only as a flying creature with few details, which leaves open the possibility that a large bird or bird-like being could explain some encounters.

They ask that any witnesses report their experience to them via their contact page. And if you have seen Mothman, please do report it. Because real or imagined, this is an absolutely fascinating modern paranormal legend.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

10-04-2019 om 23:22 geschreven door peter  

A team of Turkish underwater researchers have discovered what they believe is the world’s oldest shipwreck from 1600 B.C. According to the Provincial Governor’s Office, the 3,600-year-old Bronze Age shipwreck was found off the shores of the Antalya province in southern Turkey.

The shipwreck was discovered near Urla, Turkey. 

Image source .

Members of the Antalya University’s Underwater Research Department discovered the 14-meter-long (or 46 feet) merchant ship with 1.5 tons of copper bullion inside.

Governor Münir Karaloğlu told reporters that the discovery of the shipwreck, called “Western Antalya Shipwreck” was groundbreaking for underwater archaeology and described it as the “Göbeklitepe” of the underwater world. The archaeological site of Göbeklitepe located in Şanlıurfa has the world’s oldest temple and is quite often referenced to as the ground zero of human history.

He also mentioned that the items that will be taken from the shipwreck will be put on display at a museum in Kemer district which will be known as “the epicenter of underwater archaeology.”

The researchers took three-dimensional scans of the bullion on the ship by using sonar surveys, photo-scans, and photographic mosaic. They were able to determine that the bullion were taken from mines in Cyprus, and then molded in the 15^th or 16^thcenturies B.C. before being put on the ship to transport them either to the Aegean region or the island of Crete. The ship didn’t make its destination as it sank from what they believe was a storm.

Hakan Öniz, who is one of the researchers from Antalya University, stated, “It was probably caught in the middle of a storm while traveling to the Aegean [northwest of Antalya] region from Cyprus [island south of Antalya]. It was carrying a cargo of copper bullion and type of the bullion helped us date the ship. This may well be the world’s earliest vessel carrying industrial goods.” He then said that a new team with local and international researchers will come together for a five-year project in order to conduct more research on the shipwreck.

Prior to this recent discovery, the “Uluburun Shipwreck” that dates back to 1400 B.C. was located off the shores of Antalya and was the oldest shipwreck of its kind until now. The items found on the ship are currently being displayed at the Museum of Underwater Archaeology located in the Muğla’s Bodrum district.

A recent underwater excavation at Turkey's Urla Port has uncovered a ship estimated to date back 4,000 years, which experts say would make it the oldest sunken ship to have ever been discovered in the Mediterranean — and possibly anywhere.

And just last year, the remains of a Greek merchant ship was discovered off of Bulgaria’s Black Sea coast. The shipwreck was from over 2,400 years ago and was said to be the world’s oldest known intact shipwreck…until now.

{ https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

10-04-2019 om 23:14 geschreven door peter  

Strange Lights in Norway Part of NASA Experiment

On Friday night, NASA launched two rockets from a spaceport in Norway as part of an experiment to interact with the Northern Lights. The rockets, from the AZURE mission, released visible gases that illuminated the aurora borealis, and created a surreal display as seen in the time-lapse videos above and below.

Learn more about the experiment at Ars Technica.

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/v3/ }

10-04-2019 om 22:50 geschreven door peter  

Huge mystery object at the heart of our galaxy that is 13 TIMES the size of Jupiter baffles experts who have no idea if it is a planet or a star

• Experts used Nasa's Spitzer Space Telescope and microlensing to find the object
• They are unsure if OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb, as it is known, is even a planet
• Its mass puts it at the conventional boundary between planets and brown dwarfs
• It orbits its yellow dwarf parent star approximately once every three years

By TIM COLLINS FOR MAILONLINE

Astronomers have discovered a massive alien world circling a star located 22,000 light years away, at the centre of the Milky Way's bulge.

The object, dubbed OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb, is 13 times the size of Jupiter and is so vast that experts are unsure whether it is even a planet.

Experts used Nasa's Spitzer Space Telescope and the light-warping effects of gravity to uncover the mysterious celestial body.

Although it is orbiting its own star, researchers say 'Planet X' may in fact be a failed star, known as a brown dwarf.

Scroll down for video 

Astronomers have discovered a massive alien world circling a star located 22,000 light years away, at the centre of the Milky Way. The object is 13 times the size of Jupiter and is so vast, experts believe it may be a failed brown dwarf star

(artist's impression)

An international team of researchers, led by Yoon-Hyun Ryu of the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute in Daejon, South Korea, reported the find in a paper published on the online print repository Arxiv.org.

It was made using a technique known as microlensing, that facilitates the discovery of distant objects by using background stars as flashlights.

OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb was discovered in June 2016 by the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) collaboration.

OGLE is a Polish astronomical project based at the University of Warsaw, which is searching the universe for dark matter and extrasolar planets. 

It uses the five foot (1.3 metre) Warsaw telescope mounted at the Las Campanas observatory in Chile.

The team used readings taken from Nasa's Spitzer space telescope which has uncovered a number of microlensing events, to narrow their search.

Writing in the paper, its authors said: ‘We report the discovery of OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb, which is likely to be the first Spitzer microlensing planet in the galactic bulge/bar.

'It is precisely measured to be right at the edge of the brown dwarf desert. 

‘This is somewhere between 13 and 14 Jupiter masses. OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb has about 13.4 Jupiter masses.

'Since the existence of the brown dwarf desert is the signature of different formation mechanisms for stars and planets, the extremely close proximity of OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb to this desert raises the question of whether it is truly a "planet".' 

Brown dwarfs are thought to be the missing link between planets and stars, with masses up to 80 times that of Jupiter.  

OGLE-2016-BLG-1190 was discovered in June 2016 by the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) collaboration. This image shows the light curve readings as indicated by the observatory in the top panel, which shows the full light curve

The team used readings taken from Nasa's Spitzer space telescope (artist's impression), which has uncovered a number of microlensing events, to narrow their search

But their centres are not hot or dense enough to generate energy through nuclear fusion the way stars do.

OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb's mass puts it right at the deuterium burning limit, the conventional boundary between planets and brown dwarfs.

Scientists have found that, for stars roughly the mass of our sun, less than one per cent have a brown dwarf orbiting within three AU.

One AU is the distance between Earth and the sun. This phenomenon is called the 'brown dwarf desert.'

OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb orbits its parent star approximately every three years at a distance of about two AU. 

The host is a yellow dwarf star, similar to our own Sun, that has 89 per cent of its mass. 

The newly discovered planet aids scientists in their quest to figure out the distribution of planets in our galaxy.

Astronomers still don't know whether there is a difference in the frequency of planets in the Milky Way's central bulge compared to its disk, the pancake-like region surrounding the bulge.

OGLE-2016-BLG-1190Lb is located in the disk, as are three planets previously detected through microlensing by Nasa's Spitzer Space Telescope.

Read more:

• arxiv.org/abs/17...

{ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

10-04-2019 om 22:24 geschreven door peter  

Massive Planet Estimated to be 13x Bigger than Jupiter

10-04-2019 om 22:10 geschreven door peter  

Russian Soviet UFO Disclosure Cases

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/v3/ }

10-04-2019 om 22:02 geschreven door peter  

First Ever Photo of a Black Hole Wows the World

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) — a planet-scale array of eight ground-based radio telescopes forged through international collaboration — was designed to capture images of a black hole. In coordinated press conferences across the globe, EHT researchers revealed that they succeeded, unveiling the first direct visual evidence of the supermassive black hole in the centre of Messier 87 and its shadow.

Credit: EHT Collaboration

An international team of over 200 astronomers, including scientists from MIT’s Haystack Observatory, has captured the first direct images of a black hole. They accomplished this remarkable feat by coordinating the power of eight major radio observatories on four continents, to work together as a virtual, Earth-sized telescope.

In a series of papers published today in a special issue of Astrophysical Journal Letters, the team has revealed four images of the supermassive black hole at the heart of Messier 87, or M87, a galaxy within the Virgo galaxy cluster, 55 million light years from Earth.

All four images show a central dark region surrounded by a ring of light that appears lopsided — brighter on one side than the other.

Albert Einstein, in his theory of general relativity, predicted the existence of black holes, in the form of infinitely dense, compact regions in space, where gravity is so extreme that nothing, not even light, can escape from within. By definition, black holes are invisible. But if a black hole is surrounded by light-emitting material such as plasma, Einstein’s equations predict that some of this material should create a “shadow,” or an outline of the black hole and its boundary, also known as its event horizon.

Based on the new images of M87, the scientists believe they are seeing a black hole’s shadow for the first time, in the form of the dark region at the center of each image.

Relativity predicts that the immense gravitational field will cause light to bend around the black hole, forming a bright ring around its silhouette, and will also cause the surrounding material to orbit around the object at close to light speed. The bright, lopsided ring in the new images offers visual confirmation of these effects: The material headed toward our vantage point as it rotates around appears brighter than the other side.

The anatomy of a black hole.

Credit: European Southern Observatory

From these images, theorists and modelers on the team have determined that the black hole is about 6.5 billion times as massive as our sun. Slight differences between each of the four images suggest that material is zipping around the black hole at lightning speed.

“This black hole is much bigger than the orbit of Neptune, and Neptune takes 200 years to go around the sun,” says Geoffrey Crew, a research scientist at Haystack Observatory. “With the M87 black hole being so massive, an orbiting planet would go around it within a week and be traveling at close to the speed of light.”

“People tend to view the sky as something static, that things don’t change in the heavens, or if they do, it’s on timescales that are longer than a human lifetime,” says Vincent Fish, a research scientist at Haystack Observatory. “But what we find for M87 is, at the very fine detail we have, objects change on the timescale of days. In the future, we can perhaps produce movies of these sources. Today we’re seeing the starting frames.”

“These remarkable new images of the M87 black hole prove that Einstein was right yet again,” says Maria Zuber, MIT’s vice president for research and the E.A. Griswold Professor of Geophysics in the Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences. “The discovery was enabled by advances in digital systems at which Haystack engineers have long excelled.”

“Nature was kind”

The images were taken by the Event Horizon Telescope, or EHT, a planet-scale array comprising eight radio telescopes, each in a remote, high-altitude environment, including the mountaintops of Hawaii, Spain’s Sierra Nevada, the Chilean desert, and the Antarctic ice sheet.

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is a global network of radio telescopes that work together as one virtual, Earth-sized telescope, with a resolution sharp enough to “see” a black hole’s shadow.

Credit: ESO/ L. Calçada

On any given day, each telescope operates independently, observing astrophysical objects that emit faint radio waves. However, a black hole is infinitely smaller and darker than any other radio source in the sky. To see it clearly, astronomers need to use very short wavelengths — in this case, 1.3 millimeters — that can cut through the clouds of material between a black hole and the Earth.

Making a picture of a black hole also requires a magnification, or “angular resolution,” equivalent to reading a text on a phone in New York from a sidewalk café in Paris. A telescope’s angular resolution increases with the size of its receiving dish. However, even the largest radio telescopes on Earth are nowhere near big enough to see a black hole.

But when multiple radio telescopes, separated by very large distances, are synchronized and focused on a single source in the sky, they can operate as one very large radio dish, through a technique known as very long baseline interferometry, or VLBI. Their combined angular resolution as a result can be vastly improved.

For EHT, the eight participating telescopes summed up to a virtual radio dish as big as the Earth, with the ability to resolve an object down to 20 micro-arcseconds — about 3 million times sharper than 20/20 vision. By a happy coincidence, that’s about the precision required to view a black hole, according to Einstein’s equations.

“Nature was kind to us, and gave us something just big enough to see by using state-of-the-art equipment and techniques,” says Crew, co-leader of the EHT correlation working group and the ALMA Observatory VLBI team.

“Gobs of data”

On April 5, 2017, the EHT began observing M87. After consulting numerous weather forecasts, astronomers identified four nights that would produce clear conditions for all eight observatories — a rare opportunity, during which they could work as one collective dish to observe the black hole.

In radio astronomy, telescopes detect radio waves, at frequencies that register incoming photons as a wave, with an amplitude and phase that’s measured as a voltage. As they observed M87, every telescope took in streams of data in the form of voltages, represented as digital numbers.

The MIT Haystack Observatory houses a specialized supercomputer called a correlator, which crunched data generated by the EHT project.

Credit: courtesy of MIT Haystack Observatory

“We’re recording gobs of data — petabytes of data for each station,” Crew says.

In total, each telescope took in about one petabyte of data, equal to 1 million gigabytes. Each station recorded this enormous influx that onto several Mark6 units — ultrafast data recorders that were originally developed at Haystack Observatory.

After the observing run ended, researchers at each station packed up the stack of hard drives and flew them via FedEx to Haystack Observatory, in Massachusetts, and Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, in Germany. (Air transport was much faster than transmitting the data electronically.) At both locations, the data were played back into a highly specialized supercomputer called a correlator, which processed the data two streams at a time.

As each telescope occupies a different location on the EHT’s virtual radio dish, it has a slightly different view of the object of interest — in this case, M87. The data received by two separate telescopes may encode a similar signal of the black hole but also contain noise that’s specific to the respective telescopes.

The correlator lines up data from every possible pair of the EHT’s eight telescopes. From these comparisons, it mathematically weeds out the noise and picks out the black hole’s signal. High-precision atomic clocks installed at every telescope time-stamp incoming data, enabling analysts to match up data streams after the fact.

“Precisely lining up the data streams and accounting for all kinds of subtle perturbations to the timing is one of the things that Haystack specializes in,” says Colin Lonsdale, Haystack director and vice chair of the EHT directing board.

Teams at both Haystack and Max Planck then began the painstaking process of “correlating” the data, identifying a range of problems at the different telescopes, fixing them, and rerunning the correlation, until the data could be rigorously verified. Only then were the data released to four separate teams around the world, each tasked with generating an image from the data using independent techniques.

“It was the second week of June, and I remember I didn’t sleep the night before the data was released, to be sure I was prepared,” says Kazunori Akiyama, co-leader of the EHT imaging group and a postdoc working at Haystack.

All four imaging teams previously tested their algorithms on other astrophysical objects, making sure that their techniques would produce an accurate visual representation of the radio data. When the files were released, Akiyama and his colleagues immediately ran the data through their respective algorithms. Importantly, each team did so independently of the others, to avoid any group bias in the results.

“The first image our group produced was slightly messy, but we saw this ring-like emission, and I was so excited at that moment,” Akiyama remembers. “But simultaneously I was worried that maybe I was the only person getting that black hole image.”

His concern was short-lived. Soon afterward all four teams met at the Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University to compare images, and found, with some relief, and much cheering and applause, that they all produced the same, lopsided, ring-like structure — the first direct images of a black hole.

“There have been ways to find signatures of black holes in astronomy, but this is the first time anyone’s ever taken a picture of one,” Crew says. “This is a watershed moment.”

“A new era”

The idea for the EHT was conceived in the early 2000s by Sheperd Doeleman, who was leading a pioneering VLBI program at Haystack Observatory and now directs the EHT project as an astronomer at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. At the time, Haystack engineers were developing the digital back-ends, recorders, and correlator that could process the enormous datastreams that an array of disparate telescopes would receive.

“The concept of imaging a black hole has been around for decades,” Lonsdale says. “But it was really the development of modern digital systems that got people thinking about radio astronomy as a way of actually doing it. More telescopes on mountaintops were being built, and the realization gradually came along that, hey, [imaging a black hole] isn’t absolutely crazy.”

In 2007, Doeleman’s team put the EHT concept to the test, installing Haystack’s recorders on three widely scattered radio telescopes and aiming them together at Sagittarius A*, the black hole at the center of our own galaxy.

“We didn’t have enough dishes to make an image,” recalls Fish, co-leader of the EHT science operations working group. “But we could see there was something there that’s about the right size.”

Today, the EHT has grown to an array of 11 observatories: ALMA, APEX, the Greenland Telescope, the IRAM 30-meter Telescope, the IRAM NOEMA Observatory, the Kitt Peak Telescope, the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, the Large Millimeter Telescope Alfonso Serrano, the Submillimeter Array, the Submillimeter Telescope, and the South Pole Telescope.

Coordinating observations and analysis has involved over 200 scientists from around the world who make up the EHT collaboration, with 13 main institutions, including Haystack Observatory. Key funding was provided by the National Science Foundation, the European Research Council, and funding agencies in East Asia, including the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. The telescopes contributing to this result were ALMA, APEX, the IRAM 30-meter telescope, the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, the Large Millimeter Telescope Alfonso Serrano, the Submillimeter Array, the Submillimeter Telescope, and the South Pole Telescope.

More observatories are scheduled to join the EHT array, to sharpen the image of M87 as well as attempt to see through the dense material that lies between Earth and the center of our own galaxy, to the heart of Sagittarius A*.

“We’ve demonstrated that the EHT is the observatory to see a black hole on an event horizon scale,” Akiyama says. “This is the dawn of a new era of black hole astrophysics.”

The Haystack EHT team includes John Barrett, Roger Cappallo, Joseph Crowley, Mark Derome, Kevin Dudevoir, Michael Hecht, Lynn Matthews, Kotaro Moriyama, Michael Poirier, Alan Rogers, Chester Ruszczyk, Jason SooHoo, Don Sousa, Michael Titus, and Alan Whitney. Additional contributors were MIT alumni Daniel Palumbo, Katie Bouman, Lindy Blackburn, and Bill Freeman, a professor in MIT’s Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.

• Contacts and sources:
  Jennifer Chu
  Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Source:

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/v3/ }

10-04-2019 om 21:50 geschreven door peter  

Giant Triangle In The Clouds... And It's Visible From Satellite!!

Giant Triangle In The Clouds… And It’s Visible From Satellite!!

Thanks to MrBB333 for his incredible videos which are such a great service to humanity…

MrBB333 has a rather large research crew… namely, his subscribers and supporters who constantly send him videos of unusual happenings and weather…Folks… c’mon… there is evidence that things are not as they usually appear, and our star family is visiting us… there is a war in the heavens and if you are aware of chemtrails you know this.  

For those who are ready and willing, and are holding the energy of soul love, you will be visited by our star family in one way or another… for others who think earth is all alone in the universe, and are not ready and are unwilling, they shall see nothing that will change their mind. 

{ https://beforeitsnews.com/v3/ }

10-04-2019 om 21:37 geschreven door peter  

Astronomers Find Evidence of a Planet with a Mass Almost 13 Times that of Jupiter

In the past three decades, almost 4,000 planet-like objects have been discovered orbiting isolated stars outside the solar system (exoplanets).

Beginning in 2011, it was possible to use NASA's Kepler Space Telescope to observe the first exoplanets in orbit around young binary systems of two live stars with hydrogen still burning in their core.

According to physorg. brazilian astronomers have now found the first evidence of the existence of an exoplanet orbiting an older or more evolved binary in which one of the two stars is dead.

The findings have just been published in the Astronomical Journal, published by the American Astronomical Society (AAS).

  

NASA Just Discovered a New Planet, And It's Full of Wonders!

They Found Something In Outer Space and It's On It's Way Here!

{ http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

10-04-2019 om 21:29 geschreven door peter  

Historisch: dit is de eerste foto van een zwart gat - HLN.be

Bron: AP, VTM

Voor de eerste keer zijn astronomen erin geslaagd om een foto van een zwart gat te maken. Bijzonder, want tot zover had men geen enkel idee hoe zoiets er in werkelijkheid uitziet. Een zwart gat – of een gebied in de astronomische ruimte waar de zwaartekracht zo sterk is dat niets eruit ontsnapt, zelfs geen licht - is vrij abstract. Onderzoekers staarden zich een halve eeuw blind op het fotograferen van een superzwaar zwart gat. 

Nu dat eindelijk lukte, werd het resultaat wereldwijd met veel trots voorgesteld tijdens zes simultaan georganiseerde persconferenties. De ontdekking zou vergelijkbaar zijn met de maanlanding, en voortaan zal men spreken van “de tijd voor de foto en de tijd na de foto”. 

Op de foto is een lege ruimte te zien waarrond een heldere ring - bestaande uit fotonen die door de sterke zwaartekracht in een baan rondom het gat gedwongen worden - brandt. In het midden is er een donkere vlek. Dat is de schaduw van de waarnemingshorizon. Daarin verdwijnt het licht. Eigenlijk is het zwart gat dus niet te zien op de foto, maar wel de schaduw daarrond waar al het licht in verdwijnt. 

Lees ook

Astronomen ontdekken voor de eerste keer ooit middelzwaar zwart gat

Het perfecte plaatje

Oorspronkelijk zouden er twee foto’s getoond worden. Eentje van Sagittarius A, dat zich in het midden van de Melkweg bevindt. En eentje van een nog groter zwart gat in het midden van Messier 87 (M87), een elliptisch sterrenstelsel in het sterrenbeeld Maagd. De astronomen toonden enkel de foto van Messier 87, met de belofte dat de foto van het zwart gat van ons sterrenstelsel nog zal volgen. 

Gebrek aan licht

Aangezien een zwart gat geen licht uitzendt of terugkaatst, was het een heuse uitdaging om er een kiekje van te maken. Geen enkele telescoop is geavanceerd genoeg om een foto te maken. Daarom werd het internationale Event Horizon Telescope opgezet. Dat is een netwerk van acht radiotelescopen op vier continenten en meer dan tweehonderd mensen afkomstig uit minstens achttien landen. Het netwerk van telescopen maakte op exact hetzelfde moment foto’s. Via atoomklokken waren de telescopen op elkaar afgestemd zodat het hele proces synchroon verliep. Uiteindelijk werden de verschillende beelden verzameld en laag per laag samengevoegd. 

Het zwart gat is zo’n 50 tot 55 miljoen lichtjaar van ons verwijderd. Daar een foto van nemen komt neer op het fotograferen van een mosterdzaadje in Washington DC vanuit Brussel, zo zeiden de sterrenkundigen op de persconferentie in Brussel. Een tweede vergelijking die tot de verbeelding spreekt: vanuit een café in Parijs een krant in New York lezen.

Zwart gat, wat is dat?

In 1964 bedacht John Wheeler de term ‘zwart gat’. Maar het zou nog tot 1984 duren voordat het bestaan ervan niet langer in twijfel werd getrokken. Geen wonder, want je kan ze niet zien omdat ze geen licht uitstralen. In een vroeger leven straalde zo’n zwart gat overigens wél licht uit. Een zwart gat is eigenlijk wat overblijft na de explosie van een ster, een ster die veel zwaarder was dan de zon. Tijdens zo’n explosie produceert de ster eventjes zoveel licht als het hele sterrenstelsel waartoe het behoort. Om daarna voor eeuwig zwart te worden. Daarom werden zwarte gaten voor 1964 ‘bevroren sterren’ genoemd. Verder nog wordt de kern van de explosie zo compact dat een zwart gat ontstaat. Omdat er niets aan de zwarte gaten kan ontsnappen - er kan alleen maar wat invallen – groeien ze doorheen de tijd in massa.

Het waarnemen van zwarte gaten gebeurt indirect, door het gedrag van nabijgelegen sterren of gas te bestuderen. Opnieuw is het gebrek aan licht daar een oorzaak van. De zoektocht naar een goede manier om het bestaan van zwarte gaten aan te tonen, nam dan ook een tijdje in beslag. John Tonry, een sterrenkundige aan het California Institute of Technology, bracht het eerste zwarte gat – op overtuigende wijze - in 1984 in kaart door stersnelheden te meten. Daaruit bleek dat er in de kern van een sterrenstelsel sterren honderd miljoen keer dichter op elkaar gepakt zitten: maak kennis met het zwart gat.

{ https://www.hln.be/ }

10-04-2019 om 21:13 geschreven door peter  

Wetenschappers ontdekken nieuwe vorm van materie die tegelijk vast en vloeibaar is - HLN.be

Bron: The Sun, National Geographic

“Het zou zijn alsof je een spons vol water vasthoudt, die langzaam begint uit te lopen”, aldus fysicus Andreas Hermann van de universiteit van Edinburgh, die meewerkte aan het onderzoek. “Met dien verstande dat de spons ook van water zou zijn.”

Lees ook

Aarde zal 10 miljoen jaar nodig hebben om te herstellen van massale uitroeiing plant en dier door klimaatopwarming

Het team gebruikte een vorm van artificiële intelligentie om de ontdekking te doen: een toestel dat voorspellingen kan doen op basis van eerdere waarnemingen.

Het kwam te weten dat de atomen van het element kalium vast en vloeibaar tegelijk kunnen zijn onder een druk van 20.000 tot 40.000 keer de atmosferische druk en een temperatuur tussen 127 en 527 graden Celsius. De atoomketens waaruit kalium bestaat worden dan vloeibaar, terwijl de rest van de kaliumkristallen in een vaste staat blijven. Die omstandigheden komen op aarde voor in de aardmantel, vlak onder de aardkorst.

Het is de allereerste keer dat wetenschappers erin slagen om te bewijzen dat een dergelijke staat thermodynamisch stabiel is voor om het even welk element. Het onderzoek werd gepubliceerd in het wetenschappelijk tijdschrift Proceedings of the National Academy of Science.

Supervloeistoffen

De nieuwe vorm van materie wordt toegevoegd aan een opmerkelijk lijstje van ongewone vormen van materie. Daarin vind je ook plasma (een extreem hete vorm van gas waarin de kernen van de atomen gescheiden worden van de elektronen, zodat ze beïnvloed kunnen worden door elektrische en magnetische velden), superconductoren (metalen die afgekoeld worden tot erg lage temperaturen zodat elektriciteit erdoor kan vloeien zonder weerstand) en supervloeistoffen (een vloeistof die wordt afgekoeld tot het absolute nulpunt zodat ze kan stromen zonder weerstand en zelfs langs de wand van een recipiënt omhoog kan klimmen en langs de buitenkant omlaag kan druppelen) terug.

{ https://www.hln.be/ }

10-04-2019 om 21:12 geschreven door peter  

Wat weet u nog over het zwarte gat? 5 vragen over het fenomeen beantwoord - HLN.be

1. Wat is een zwart gat ?

Een zwart gat is een gebied in het heelal met zo’n grote zwaartekracht waardoor niets er kan aan ontsnappen. Alles wat dicht bij een zwart gat in de buurt komt, verdwijnt in dat gat en komt er niet meer uit. Ook licht kan niet aan zo’n gat ontsnappen, waardoor de gaten niet zichtbaar zijn. “Het is een zeer grote massa die samengedrukt is,” verduidelijkt Dr. Alex Lobel van de Koninklijke Belgische Sterrenwacht. “Je hebt ze in enorme variaties qua grootte. Het zwarte gat uit ons Melkwegstelsel dat voor dit EHT-project in beeld werd gebracht, is een enorm, massief gat. Zo’n gat kan tot 4,1 miljoen keer de massa van de zon beslaan. Maar je hebt er ook meerdere kleintjes in elk sterrenstelsel.”

Lees ook

Historisch: dit is de eerste foto van een zwart gat

2. Hoe ontstaat een zwart gat ?

Lobel: “Een zwart gat kan ontstaan wanneer een zware ster zijn levenseinde nadert en verzwakt. Een ster die zwaarder is dan de zon, komt aan zijn einde door een krachtige ‘supernova-explosie’. Daarbij produceert ze een korte tijd heel veel licht, waarbij de kern van de ster kan imploderen en heel compact wordt. Zo blijft een lege ruimte achter, het “zwarte gat”. De term werd eind jaren ’60 bedacht door de Amerikaanse fysicus John Wheeler. Het eerste zwarte gat werd door de Amerikaanse sterrenkundige John Tonry in 1984 in kaart gebracht, door stersnelheden te meten. 

3. Waarom konden we het nog nooit op foto vastleggen?

Zwarte gaten zijn - no shit, Sherlock - zwart. Ze zenden zelf geen licht uit en kaatsen het ook niet terug, waardoor je ze niet kan zien. “Wel kan je zwarte gaten indirect waarnemen, door de gedragingen van hemellichamen of gassen in de nabije omgeving van het gat te observeren,” legt Lobel uit. “Zo wordt het gas van een ster in de buurt naar het zwarte gat toe gezogen en zal ze een baan er omheen gaan beschrijven.” Zo’n beweging is bijvoorbeeld zichtbaar door de röntgenstraling die het veroorzaakt en kan je observeren met een röntgentelescoop.

4. Hoe kunnen wetenschappers een zwart gat nu toch vastleggen op foto? 

Lobel: “Om dit te kunnen doen, heb je in principe een telescoop nodig die even groot is als de Aarde. Maar dat is niet haalbaar. In plaats daarvan zette Het Event Horizon Telescope project een netwerk van 8 telescopen wereldwijd uit van 14 verschillende wetenschappelijke instellingen. Via atoomklokken zijn de telescopen op elkaar afgestemd om het hele proces synchroon te laten verlopen. Zo kan je haarscherpe beelden krijgen binnen het millimetergebied van zo’n zwart gat.” Een technisch ingewikkeld en uniek project, benadrukt Lobel. “Het is heel bijzonder dat dit nu gebeurt, maar daarom ook arbeidsintensief en prijzig. Het is niet onlogisch dat het zo lang geduurd heeft voor het geprobeerd werd.” 

5. Wat betekent deze sterrenkundige primeur voor de wetenschap? 

Zwarte gaten vormen al langer de geheimzinnige exotische vrucht van de wetenschap. Ze nu ook in beeld kunnen brengen, kan nuttig zijn om de relativiteitstheorie van Einstein verder te testen. Lobel: “Zwarte gaten zijn omgevingen met de meest extreme zwaartekrachtomstandigheden van het universum. Daarom zijn ze erg dankbaar om theorieën over die kracht te testen. Zo voorspelt  Einsteins relativiteitstheorie dat op de rand van het zwarte gat de tijd daar stil staat. Maar de theorie is 100 jaar oud. Klopt ze nog, of zijn er aanpassingen nodig? Dat we de zwarte gaten nu ook van dichtbij kunnen bekijken, is een heel dankbare stap om dat verder te bestuderen.”

{ https://www.hln.be/ }

10-04-2019 om 21:07 geschreven door peter