Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS NEARLY 13 YEARS AND 4 MONTH.
ON /30/09/2024 MORE THAN 2.230.520
VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
31-01-2021
Naupa Iglesia: An Egyptian Portal in the Andes?
Naupa Iglesia: An Egyptian Portal in the Andes?
Halfway up a near-vertical ravine in the Andes, someone carved an inverted V-shaped entrance into the mountainside. Then they sliced the bedrock with great precision to create a shallow door that goes nowhere; the same design appears in ancient Persia and Egypt. Then for good measure, they carved an additional altar with three alcoves into an outcrop of bluestone.
This sacred site is named Naupa Iglesia, or more accurately, Naupa Huaca.
Windows into Paradise
It’s not by accident such 'doors' are referred to as spirit doors or windows into paradise: a naupa is an inhabitant of the spirit world, and as it happens, the false door of Naupa Huaca marks the passage of the earth’s electromagnetic currents, the very forces that are known to generate out-of-body states.
It takes a hard heart to stand here and not feel the palpable energy of place. It is transfixing as much as it is bewitching. And perhaps that is the foremost reason why this site was carved in such a remote and inaccessible location in Peru.
The very nature of its location makes any astronomical relationship unlikely, so we are open to entertain the idea that this temple was used for a restricted shamanic ritual . Temples of a similar nature in other parts of the world typically require a difficult access, followed by a sensory deprived environment which generates conditions for the candidate to access other levels of reality.
Musical Measurements
The measurements of the main portal of Naupa Huaca are not random, they conform to musical notation . The length to height ratio is 3:1, making a perfect fifth in the second octave; the ratio of the alcove is 5:6, a minor third.
The 5:6 ratio is both unusual and filled with specialist information. It perfectly describes the movement of the Earth, whose pole completes one full rotation of its axis every 25,920 years, while the plane of the equator tilts four degrees every 21,000 years — a ratio of 5:6. This accurate calculation of the motion of the planet is also encoded in another unusual temple, the Bent Pyramid of Egypt, whose slope angles encode the same ratio.
Dominating the unique environment of Naupa Huaca is the cave ceiling. It has been expertly sliced like butter (bear in mind this we are at an altitude of 9800 feet (2987.04 meters) on the side of a ravine) and smoothed with laser-like precision to create two different yet specific angles: 60 degrees and 52 degrees. There is only one other place on earth where these two numbers appear side by side: the slope angles of the two major pyramids at Giza .
Stone angles on the sheer faces of ravine at Naupa Iglesia.
The violent earthquakes that regularly lay this region of the Andes to waste have exacted a fair share of damage at this site, preventing further exploration into this man-made cave beyond a latter-day low wall of stacked stone that prevents rubble from a partly collapsed ceiling to rain down onto the curious and the intrepid who venture up the mountainside trail.
Still, there’s another anomaly to be examined in this temple: its creator picked the exact spot on the side of the mountain where exists a single outcrop of bluestone. Appearing in stark contrast with the surrounding sandstone, bluestone contains a type of crystal that was used in early radio receivers for its excellent piezoelectric qualities. The rock is also magnetic, another useful feature for shamanic journeying.
Bluestone was also specifically chosen to build the oldest part of Stonehenge, leading its architects to source this sonorous granite 150 miles (241.40 km) away in Wales.
Stones at Carn Menyn, Wales, as an example of bluestone.These dolerite slabs, split by frost action, seem to be stacked, and ready for the taking.
The outcrop has been expertly shaved into three niches, and although partly dynamited by religious fanatics, the delicate workmanship is still evident. Its central niche is similarly cut to musical notation, the ratio 3:2, a perfect fifth.
The three-step design defines the Andean view of the Universe: the creative underworld, the physical middleworld, and the ethereal otherworld. The concept is idealized in the chakana, commonly known as the Andean Cross. Chakana literally means 'to bridge or cross,' and it describes how the three levels of existence are connected to each other by a hollow reed — a culturally shared concept in ancient Persia, Egypt, the southwestern United States, and the Celtic world. The oldest iteration of the design is carved on a monolith at Tiwanaku, the world's oldest temple complex, and it differs from the later version in that it is based not a square but a rectangle with a ratio of 5:6.
A carved altar with three alcoves into an outcrop of bluestone.
It seems that Naupa Huaca was designed by a cosmic mason for anyone wishing to access another level of reality and communicate with gods which, back in the day, were either forces of nature, or elevated people who personified or understood how to control such forces.
Who Created Naupa Huaca?
As to the identity of the architect, certainly the Inca can be dismissed. Inca stonework pales by comparison in both scale and quality, they merely inherited and maintained a culture that was, by their time in the 14th century, already long-vanished; even the ancient Aymara claimed such temples were made long before the Inca.
The style of stonework at Naupa Huaca is consistent with that found in Cuzco, Ollantaytambo, and Puma Punku , and what these sites hare in common is the myth of a traveling builder god named Viracocha who, together with seven Shining Ones, appeared at Tiwanaku after a catastrophic world flood, since dated to 9703 BC, to help rebuild humanity.
Freddy Silva is a best-selling author, and a leading researcher of alternative history, ancient knowledge, sacred sites, and the interaction between temples and consciousness. He is author of many books, including THE LOST ART OF RESURRECTION
Drawing With Drones Over the Salt Flats of Bolivia
Drawing With Drones Over the Salt Flats of Bolivia
Reuben Wu uses LED-equipped drones to illuminate mysterious shapes in one of the world’s strangest landscapes.
PHOTOGRAPH: REUBEN WU
In July, Reuben Wu and two companions took a week-long road trip through Bolivia, capturing some of the country's most stunning landscapes.
REUBEN WU HAS photographed some of the world’s most remote and extreme places: Chile’s Atacama Desert, the Bisti Badlands of New Mexico, the Arctic tundra of Norway, Peru’s Pastoruri glacier. But few locations compare to the site of his latest project, Bolivia’s Salar de Uyuni. Stretching across more than 4,000 square miles of South America’s Altiplano (high plain), Salar de Uyuni (literally, the salts of Uyuni, the nearest town) is the world’s largest salt flat, a nearly featureless white landscape left behind by the evaporation of prehistoric lakes.
Shooting the salt flats was the culmination of a week-long Bolivian road trip Wu and two companions took last July. Between the freezing nighttime temperatures, high altitudes (the Altiplano averages 12,000 feet above sea level), and long drives, the team got little sleep. “We were cold, we were light-headed, and doing anything physical was very hard,” Wu recalls. “There were times when I really struggled.”
But the hardships paid off when the crew finally reached the salt flats. Because it was the dry season, most of the Salar de Uyuni looked like a geometrically patterned moonscape. Still, Wu was lucky enough to find a standing puddle large enough to capture the rainy-season mirror effect, too. In addition to more traditional landscape photography, Wu created several of his signature aeroglyphs—glowing geometric shapes that float mysteriously in the sky. Wu draws the aeroglyphs by piloting LED-equipped drones in precise patterns while keeping his shutter open to create a long exposure.
Over the course of the road trip Wu documented a variety of Bolivian landscapes ranging from sandy deserts to rocky palisades, but the Salar de Uyuni emerged as the highlight. “If it were in the US, it would be swarming with tourists,” he says. “Instead, we had the whole thing to ourselves except for the occasional farmer and a cow.” The salt flats are rich in deposits of lithium, a key element in smartphone and electric car batteries, but lithium mining operations are still in their infancy thanks to the region’s inaccessibility and the reluctance of recently ousted president Evo Morales to greenlight foreign investment.
Throughout the trip, Wu used a Phase One XT, a compact medium-format digital camera that allowed him to take ultrahigh-resolution images on the go. Back in his studio, he used software to tinker with the images until arriving at the final product. Wu thinks of photography as “painting with light” and doesn’t fetishize authenticity. “For me, everything’s a tool,” he says. “The camera’s a tool, the computer’s a tool. Just so long as the technology and the tools don’t overwhelm the vision.”
New Rocket Thruster Based on Solar Flares Could Get Us to Mars 10 Times Faster
Fusion reactors are now contemplated as the heat source that could bring rocket propellant to extremely high temperature (and hence high-velocity exhaust) or expel ultra-hot plasma to provide thrust.
Credit: ITER
New Rocket Thruster Based on Solar Flares Could Get Us to Mars 10 Times Faster
I’m not a rocket scientist and I didn’t go to Princeton, but I’m interested in going to Mars if the trip was a lot shorter. That’s why the news of a Princeton physicist developing an engine based on the same principle as solar flares (which travel at the speed of light) that would shorten a trip to Mars by at least an order of magnitude, I was interested – even if I wasn’t able to understand how it worked. Fortunately, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) physicist Fatima Ebrahimi is also good at putting things in simple terms.
“I’ve been cooking this concept for a while. I had the idea in 2017 while sitting on a deck and thinking about the similarities between a car’s exhaust and the high-velocity exhaust particles created by PPPL’s National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX). During its operation, this tokamak produces magnetic bubbles called plasmoids that move at around 20 kilometers per second, which seemed to me a lot like thrust.”
Conventional rocket engine
OK, I had to look up “tokamak” (a surface of revolution generated by revolving a circle in three-dimensional space about an axis that is coplanar with the circle – a donut or bagel shape) but the rest was relatable … especially the part about sitting on the deck and thinking about car exhaust (mine faces a neighbor’s garage). And 20 km/sec is about 44738 mph, which is definitely a lot of thrust when compared to current rockets which top out at about 17,000 mph. Ebrahimi ran computer simulations on PPPL computers and at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, California, and it showed this new plasma thruster concept can generate exhaust with velocities 10 times faster than those of other plasma thrusters.
“By using more electromagnets and more magnetic fields, you can in effect turn a knob to fine-tune the velocity.”
Artist’s rendition of a future spacecraft that uses an impulse magnetoplasma engine.
Turning a knob to speed up? I could handle that on the trip to Mars. The Princeton press release on Ebrahimi’s study, published in the Journal of Plasma Physics, explains other ways that Ebrahimi’s thruster concept is better. It produces movement by ejecting both plasma particles and magnetic bubbles known as plasmoids, which no other thruster uses for additional power. Also, replacing electric fields (used in current plasma thrusters) with magnetic fields allows rocket developers to use any kind of gas they want for different kinds of thrust.
“This work was inspired by past fusion work and this is the first time that plasmoids and reconnection have been proposed for space propulsion. The next step is building a prototype!”
That exclamation point indicates not only that it’s feasible, but prototype development can begin immediately since it’s based on fusion work that has already been done.
The line starts here to buy your tickets to Mars on the plasma thruster rocket. Just remember – I get to turn the knob.
Elizabeth April: Clones, Reptilians, Walk-Ins, Angels, Implants
Elizabeth April: Clones, Reptilians, Walk-Ins, Angels, Implants
Elizabeth April: Clones, Reptilians, Walk-Ins, Angels, Implants
Searching for Truth, Love, Happiness, connection to Alien Disclosure, Quantum Physics, Angels and Spirit Guides? Well… you’ve come to the right place!! Elizabeth April loves to channel information about The Mandela Effect, Vibrational Frequency, The After Life, Spirit Guides, Aliens, The Galactic Federation of Light, Dimensions, Crystals… and so much more! Open your Third Eye & Expand with Elizabeth April!
Two bright UFOs filmed over Franco da Rocha, Brazil 25-Jan-2021
Two bright UFOs filmed over Franco da Rocha, Brazil 25-Jan-2021
This new UFO video was filmed in Franco da Rocha, a municipality in the state of São Paulo on 25th January 2021. Two huge bright unidentified flying objects were flying above the city and then they slowly disappeared.
Giant Face of Ucanha: Huge Sculpted Mayan Mask Found in Mexico
Giant Face of Ucanha: Huge Sculpted Mayan Mask Found in Mexico
In the southeastern Mexican state of Yucatán on the Yucatán Peninsula, an archaeological team digging at a lightly explored site near the tiny, picturesque village of Ucanha uncovered something highly unusual. It was a giant human-looking face, as tall as a person and sculpted in stucco. Its features clearly identified it as a Mayan mask of the ancient Maya civilization , which enjoyed total hegemony in this part of the world more than one thousand years ago.
Mayan Mask Discovered in the Yucatán Peninsula
The Maya stucco relief was first discovered in 2017. Researchers from the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH) in Mexico spent three years carefully restoring the sculpture, between periods when it was temporarily reburied to prevent its rapid deterioration from exposure to the elements. They were able to positively date the Mayan mask to the Late Pre-Classical era of the ancient Maya civilization, meaning it was created sometime between 300 BC and 250 AD.
View of the giant stucco face, or Mayan mask, in situ. The face was discovered in the Yucatán Peninsula near the village of Ucanha.
In their statement announcing the finding , INAH stated that sculptures like these “represent the faces of individuals with particular features that can be associated with deities or with characters of prominent social status.” It was a common practice in Maya civilization to decorate buildings with large-scale, embedded decorative sculptures, which often featured the faces of rulers or gods.
Relics like this are a rare find, however, since so many of the sculptures that once existed have been irrevocably damaged, or destroyed, or remain deeply buried in undiscovered locations. Nevertheless, similar sculpted stucco reliefs have been found in the villages of Acanceh and Izamal. But those are the only other giant faces discovered on the Yucatán Peninsula.
Recognizing the delicate nature of their discovery, the archaeologists have now reburied the fully-restored sculpture, thereby guaranteeing its preservation. However, tourists interested in getting a closer look at ancient Maya stucco reliefs can do so by traveling to Acanceh . There, several sculptures honoring Maya deities have been put on display to the public, in the town’s “Palace of the Stuccos.”
Detail of the stucco Mayan mask discovered near the village of Ucanha in Mexico.
The giant stucco Mayan mask represents outstanding examples of ancient Maya art . Maya gods and rulers were routinely honored in sculpted form, and in addition to stucco, Maya artists also sculpted in stone, wood, bone, shells, and fired clay. The Maya interest in creating human-like sculpted faces dates back to the first millennium BC. Their artistic endeavors in this area were clearly influenced by their contacts with the Olmecs, the so-called “ Mother Culture of Mesoamerica ” that occupied the expansive land regions to the west of the Yucatán Peninsula until around 400 BC, when their societies vanished for reasons undetermined.
Little is known about the nature of the contacts between the Olmecs and the Maya. But Olmec influence on Maya culture was profound. The Olmecs affected the Maya people’s spiritual beliefs, practices and even their recreational activities, as well as their preferences in artistic style and architecture.
The Olmecs are best known today for their colossal carved stone head statues , which weigh several tons each and are believed to represent the visages of revered Olmec rulers. The carved faces in these gigantic chunks of rock are reminiscent of the Mayan masks and giant faces created by Maya sculptors, who would have been commissioned to make these works of art by rulers in the various small kingdoms that comprised the greater Maya civilization.
In the late Pre-Classical era, when the giant face at Ucanha was sculpted, the Maya were living in still small but increasingly populated agricultural villages. These rapidly expanding settlements formed the seeds of the great Maya cities that arose to dominate the region in the Classical era, which ran from 250 AD to 900 AD.
Larger-than-life artistic creations like the giant face of Ucanha are reflections of a society that was becoming increasingly confident and ambitious. At the height of their power, the Maya exercised political, cultural, and social control over a wide swath of southern Mexico and Central America. They were able to maintain that control for several centuries, before internal decay followed by Spanish conquest brought about the demise of their kingdoms.
Recognizing the sensitive nature of their discovery, the archaeologists have now reburied the fully-restored sculpture, thereby guaranteeing its preservation. (INAH)
Exploring History Through Artifacts Left Behind: The Mayan Mask
While the Maya people are still around in significant numbers, the great cultures built by their distant ancestors exist only in the form of the artifacts, relics, and architectural masterpieces they left behind. Amazing discoveries like the giant face at Ucanha don’t reveal many details about the culture or artists that created them. But they do act as markers of the ongoing cultural evolution that was changing Maya society , taking them away from their modest agrarian roots and transforming them into a diversified, ambitious, and highly successful urban culture, one which was ultimately doomed to extinction, as all great civilizations and empires seem to be.
Of course, what the Maya experienced during the transition from the Pre-Classical to the Classical era is the same type of evolutionary transformation that has been experienced in Europe, the United States, and elsewhere across the planet over the past two centuries. When archaeologists from the far future are digging through the rubble left behind following our final collapse, they will likely be just as curious about the long-lost civilization that created the giant carved heads at Mount Rushmore as we are about the long-lost civilization that created the giant sculpted faces on the Yucatán Peninsula.
Top image: Mayan mask made of stucco which was discovered in the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico.
Back in the 4th century, a Maya community created a large stucco mask at the now-archaeological site of Ucanha which is located in the municipality of Cansahcab in the state of Yucatán, Mexico.
The mask, which is about as tall as a human, depicts a face of an unknown individual – possibly a deity or a very important person. In a statement, Mexico’s National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH) reiterated this by saying that this type of mask would “represent the faces of individuals with particular features that can be associated with deities or with characters of prominent social status.” It was made with stucco (a fine plaster often used to coat walls and ceilings) and dates back to the Late Preclassic Period (approximately 300 BC to 250 AD).
An example of stucco.
While this is the first of its kind to be discovered in Ucanha, these types of stucco masks have been found at other archaeological sites in Acanceh and Izamal.
It was discovered by a graduate student from Yale University named Jacob Welch who was part of a team of Mexican and American researchers, student and laborers. Archaeologists from the INAH stated that while it was discovered in 2017, it remained unreported until recently so that it could be protected against possible looters. They added that the excavation work only began in 2019.
Another way that the team protected the mask was that they reburied it after it was found until experts could analyze and preserve it. It was dug up again in 2018 for restoration work as samples from the mask showed that it had deteriorated a bit. They also restored weak parts and relocated sections that had moved over time back to their original spots in addition to cleaning the mask’s surface so that its colors and patterns were more visible. After finishing their work in 2019, the mask was again reburied in order to preserve it.
The team was actually very lucky to have found the mask as many of them had not survived throughout the years because of roots, soil, erosion, and/or looters. Hopefully the restoration work and reburying it will help keep it in the best possible condition for many years to come. Pictures of the excavation site can be seen here.
The archaeological discovery was made in 2017 by Yale graduate student Jacob Welch.
Photo: INAH
Archaeologists and workers protect the now excavated mask from the elements using tarps and a tent.
When it comes to UFOs, most people accept the eyewitness accounts of astronauts, military and professional pilots over sightings by the general public. That may explain why a sighting by a Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) pilot and crew on a domestic flight over Pakistani airspace is getting intense scrutiny worldwide. It helps that someone in the cockpit captured the UFO on video and the sighting was in bright daylight against a clear blue sky. With that many witnesses, including reports from the ground, Pakistan International Airlines felt obligated to issue a statement. What did all of these people see? What did the airline think?
“The video was shot over Multan-Sialkot region by Captain Faisal Qureshi and his First Officer Captain Talha while piloting the Karachi-Lahore flight at an altitude of 35,000 feet.”
The Express Tribune reports that the UFO was spotted by the crew of domestic flight PIA flight PK304 from Karachi to Lahore. At about 4 pm on January 23 near Rahim Yar Khan, the pilot saw the UFO about 1,000 feet above the Airbus A-320. According to the records, Captain Qureshi immediately reported the sighting back to the control room. After landing in Karachi, the pilot shared the video with officials of Pakistan International Airlines. They were sufficiently concerned that a spokesperson made a statement to the public:
“It is too early to say what that object was. In fact, we might not be able to tell what the object was at all. However, something was spotted and it was reported in accordance with the required protocol.”
Better call the tower on this one.
Somehow, as usual, the 41-second video appeared on social media. (Watch it here.)
Speaking in English, the pilot can be heard saying “It’s not a balloon, it’s not an aircraft.” Some of the video was censored due to language, but reports say the pilot was also heard commenting “The UFO was extremely bright despite the presence of sunlight” and speculating that it was not a planet but could be a “space station” or an “artificial planet.” One report also stated the pilot saw what looked like a metal ring surrounding the UFO and a brilliant light coming from its center.
Despite the pilot’s expert opinion that the object was not a balloon, that was the prevailing comment on media posts. The Express Tribune contacted Pakistan Meteorological Department spokesman Khalid Malik, who explained they have some balloons that fly at an altitude of 6,000 to 7,000 feet, and Radiosondes balloons which can reach 70,000 feet. However, private weather station operator Jawad Memon pointed out that Radiosondes, which he claims the Meteorological Department no longer uses, are non-reflective rubber while the UFO was obviously very shiny. Some commenters and media sites referred to the UFO as an alien Foo fighter, but that term – first used during WWII – has been explained to be either electrical discharge from the wings of a plane or reflective ice crystals – both of which follow the plane and are close to it, unlike the Pakistan UFO. And, since it was recorded on video, it’s not a hallucination due to fatigue or stress.
Foo fighter?
“A similar incident was also reported in January 2019 by PIA pilots in Karachi. A UFO was spotted by the flight crew flying 105 feet above the aircraft, while the plane was flying at an altitude of 2,500feet. The flight captain suspected it could be a drone. The incident was immediately reported to the Air Traffic Control (ATC) in Karachi.”
Was this one a drone too? The altitude rules out commercially available drones, but it could be a military drone, although the pilots didn’t make that connection. That puts this object solidly in the “unidentified” category with a slight lean towards “balloon” but a contrary pull towards UFO because of the inability of the pilots to identify it.
Which way do YOU lean?
ALL RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011
Art Bell: The Reptilian Overlords... 20 Years of Alien Encounters via Jim Sparks
Art Bell: The Reptilian Overlords... 20 Years of Alien Encounters via Jim Sparks
Art Bell: The Reptilian Overlords… 20 Years of Alien Encounters via Jim Sparks
COAST TO COAST AM INSIDER Archived Show – Abductee and author Jim Sparks returned to share more details of his encounters with aliens, which have persisted for almost two decades. His main experiences are with the ETs known as the Grays, though he’s also had contact with Reptilians, whom he believes are directing the Grays. Sparks told of the time the aliens gave him a “gift,” which came in a square black box.
After receiving telepathic instructions on how to open it, he found a black, tarry substance 2-3 inches thick that contained a horrible smell. The aliens informed him that it had been extracted from his lungs.
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Magnetic Pole Shift Update, Life, Nova, Quake Watch | S0 News Jan.30.2021
Magnetic Pole Shift Update, Life, Nova, Quake Watch | S0 News Jan.30.2021
Magnetic Pole Shift Update, Life, Nova, Quake Watch | S0 News Jan.30.2021
Pole Shift (magnetic): A shift in “magnetic” poles is one of the more common and accepted theories across the world, however, this is not to be confused with those that speak of a “geographic” pole shift. Even though these events can occur at the same time, they actually have quite different affects on Earth.
Linda Moulton Howe: Self Activating Extraterrestrial Machines... Probes From Another Dimension
Linda Moulton Howe: Self Activating Extraterrestrial Machines... Probes From Another Dimension
Researcher, Journalist and Author Linda Moulton Howe presents a fascinating lecture about her recent research which has led her to a concept which is at the same time logical and mind blowing: alien self-activating machines. What are these strange unearthly devices, seemingly covered in strange unknown texts?
This is an archived show. All content on this channel is licensed, and or produced by Zohar Entertainment Group/Awakening Expo/Phenomena Magazine
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30 Meter UFO Enters Volcano Popocatépetl In Mexico, 1-22-2021 UFO Sighting News.
30 Meter UFO Enters Volcano Popocatépetl In Mexico, 1-22-2021 UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: January 21, 2021
Location of sighting: Near Mexico City, Mexico
Source: Popocatepetl live cam
While watching the live cam for volcano Popocatepetl, I noticed this strange disk like object entering the mouth of the volcano. The object actually overlaps (half way covers) the volcano cloud...which is all the proof needed to confirm this object did enter the mouth of the volcano. You see if it went behind the clouds, it would mean its a plane. However I quickly rolled this out because this object is huge, and a plane would stay at least 5 km away from an active volcano...so if this was a plane, it would be close to 150 meters across! Thats impossible, and the fact that the volcano is erupting right at this moment prevents planes from flying over or near it.
Its absolutely mind boggling to see this UFO 30% in front of the clouds from the mouth of the volcano. This is 100% proof that an alien base is 5-7km below this volcano and has been there for thousands of years.
Bright UFO Over St. Peters, Missouri On Jan 28, 2021, Photos, UFO Sighting News.
Bright UFO Over St. Peters, Missouri On Jan 28, 2021, Photos, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: January 28, 2021
Location of sighting: St Peters, Missouri, USA
Source: MUFON #113445
Here is an interesting UFO report just in today. A UFO was spotted near a road in St. Peters, Missouri when a passenger in a car saw the bright floating object near a power line and took a quick photo. Soon after the UFO disappeared and wan not seen again. UFOs are often seen near power lines and its been my belief that aliens could tap into our power and communication networks in order to download information about humanity faster and sort through it latter. Much like the American NSA does. This is absolute proof aliens are trying to learn about us, but the world governments are trying to prevent this from happening to keep the public from panicking.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
Eyewitness states:
While being a passenger in a car, I noticed a very bright stationary light in the sky Northwest direction about 45° and somewhere from about a mile or further distance from me guesstimated. The object illuminated brightly, I took a picture of it, and it disappeared within 30 seconds. No other objects we're witnessed in that direction during that time.
Sharjah Observatory captured a series of rare impacts on the lunar surface (Video)
Sharjah Observatory captured a series of rare impacts on the lunar surface (Video)
The Sharjah Lunar Impacts Observatory Telescope (SLIO). in United Arab Emirates has detected a series of impacts on the moon, but what is distinguishing is that this series of impacts, occurred within one minute and they were of greater brightness than usual.
Also, their flash periods were relatively long, as periods of up to a quarter of a second were recorded in each impact and this is considered a long time for such events.
It is noticeable that these impacts spread in the middle of the dark eastern side of the Moon at the time of observation and spread over a distance of 1,000km on its surface.
Image left: Sharjah observatory.
According to Prof. Hamid M.K. Al Naimiy, Chancellor of the University of Sharjah, General Director of SAASST, and President of the Arab Union for Astronomy and Space Sciences, the team has analyzed the time of impacts and their relative positions and based on this, they have concluded that the series of impacts are caused by meteorite impacts, reports khaleejtimes.
What do you think hit the moon, meteorites, or something else crashed onto the lunar surface?
Oval-shaped UFO over Piriapolis, Uruguay 9-Jan-2021
Oval-shaped UFO over Piriapolis, Uruguay 9-Jan-2021
This possible footage of a flying saucer was filmed in the sky above Piriapolis in Uruguay on 9th January 2021.
Witness report:
Oval shape or arrangement of the lights. I received a message by Messenger on January 12, 2021, from Mr. Martín Chacón, a resident of the La Falda neighborhood, Piriápolis, Maldonado, Uruguay. I contacted him on WhatsApp and he sent me a video of strange lights perched on Cerro del Toro, near his home, recorded with his cell phone on January 9 at approximately 23 hours and 30 minutes. I did analysis using Vegas software and then contacted him by phone to ask about the details of his observation.
In addition, he gave me another video recorded by a friend who was with him that night. The friend’s name is Gustavo Ledesma. They first observed an oval shape or arrangement of the lights, and before disappearing it changed to a V shape. The lights were intense and flashing. The estimated size was more than 20 meters long. Both witnesses noted that he was not fully supported on the ground, but remained leaning with a part in the air. It did not emit any kind of sound.
Moments before starting the observation, the witnesses noticed that all the dogs in the area began to howl. The entire sighting lasted about 5 minutes. I accompany the report with both videos and photos of the site.
UFO experiment could create 'ultimate space weapon' worse than Hydrogen bomb
UFO experiment could create 'ultimate space weapon' worse than Hydrogen bomb
China and the United States are both reportedly working on UFO designs that could lead to the creation of a Spacetime Modification Weapon that would make the deadly Hydrogen bomb seem like a "firecracker"
A series of tests on a UFO design theorised a space weapon so large that it could make the Hydrogen bomb seem like a "firecracker."
The United States Navy’s aerospace research enterprise confirmed the Air Warfare Division conduced experiments on UFO blueprints.
Research focused on exploring the work of Dr. Salvatore Cezar Pais - an aerospace engineer who works for the U.S. Navy.
Dr Pais focus is on a theoretical concept dubbed the ‘Pais Effect,” which enables controlled "motion of electrically charged matter (from solid to plasma) via accelerated spin."
The electrically charged matter then produces "powerful electromagnetic energy fields" that could re-engineer "the fabric of reality."
The Spacetime Modification Weapon" would make the deadly Hydrogen bomb seem like a "firecracker"(Image: Getty Images/Stocktrek Images)
It is understood the energy produced by the Pais Effect could lead to the creation of an ultra-powerful " Space time Modification Weapon."
According to documents seen by the Warzone, a military website, the weapon could make "the Hydrogen bomb seem more like a firecracker, in comparison."
"'Extremely high energy levels can be achieved with this invention, under pulsed ultrahigh current (I) / ultrahigh magnetic flux density (B) conditions (Z-pinch with a Fusion twist)," the documents reportedly read.
Dr. Salvatore Cezar Pais - an aerospace engineer who works for the U.S. Navy(Image: IEEE)
Authorities told War Zone the Navy plans to file a series of patents after it emerged China is also working on similar technological advancements.
Testing for the super weapon was reportedly done as recently as Sept. 2019, with 1,600 hours of work logged between 2018 and 2019.
The Navy reportedly spent $466,810 conducting experiments for the project between 2017 and 2019.
The Navy reportedly spent $466,810 was spent conducting experiments for the project(Image: DON Via FOIA)
Hydrogen bombs are currently the most dangerous bombs on the planet, and can devastate whole cities in one explosion.
The bombs are also called H-bombs and rely on thermonuclear energy to detonate.
According to a report issued by an American think tank, only the US, UK, China, France, Russia, India, North Korea and Israel have hydrogen bombs.
Hydrogen bombs are a more sophisticated version of the first-generation of atomic bombs, the nuclear bomb, which was detonated over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945.
SMERSH counterintelligence service was built by the Red Army at the end of 1942 or perhaps even earlier, but officially founded on April 14, 1943. This SMERSH invented Josef Stalin. January 13, 1947 was given a small book containing a description of extraterrestrials top SMERSH agents. This book described eight kinds of aliens and contained drawings and illustrations beings and UFOs.
Over the years, the book has been replenished, were added to the UFO photographs, as well as photographs and witnesses abducted (especially children), but also statistics. And much more! In the 80s he was found a copy of this book in the field in Buryatia (East Siberia). This copy of the book ended up in the hands of the KGB agent who had friends in the media. After the collapse of the USSR, only one (!) Of information and drawings of it leaked.
This book still exists, it is used and is supplemented by so-called Russian. “Special services”. The book is Secret documentation on UFO.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
« Nous avons la preuve qu’il existe des civilisations extraterrestres » assure l'astrophysicien Avi Loeb
« Nous avons la preuve qu’il existe des civilisations extraterrestres » assure l'astrophysicien Avi Loeb
Nathalie Mayer - Journaliste
[EN VIDÉO] Que sait-on vraiment d’Oumuamua ? - EC - YouTubeLe 19 octobre 2017, un observatoire à Hawaï (États-Unis) rapporte l’observation, au cœur de notre Système solaire, d’un objet mystérieux : ‘Oumuamua. Depuis les astronomes cherchent à percer les secrets de cet objet interstellaire qui ne ressemble à aucun autre. Certains en viennent même à envisager l’inimaginable : ‘Oumuamua pourrait avoir été construit par une intelligence extraterrestre.
Sommes-nous seuls ? C'est probablement la question la plus profonde qui se pose aujourd'hui encore à l'humanité. Et si la réponse à cette question était non ? Serions-nous prêts à l'accepter ? Pour Avi Loeb, astrophysicien à l'université de Harvard (États-Unis), une technologie extraterrestre a récemment traversé notre Système solaire. Il nous explique comment il est arrivé à cette conclusion.
Octobre 2017. Un observatoire à Hawaï (États-Unis) rapporte l'observation d'unobjet mystérieuxqui traverse notreSystème solaireà unevitesseenviron quatre fois supérieure à celle de la plupart desastéroïdes. L'objet suit une trajectoire hyperbolique qui indique auxastronomesqu'il vient d'ailleurs. Il est baptisé 1I/2017 U1. Et rapidement surnommé 'Oumuamua, comprenez « l'invité », « le messager ». Il éveille toutes les curiosités. « 'Oumuamua éblouit les scientifiques », titre alors laNasa. Parce qu'il est le tout premierobjet interstellaireobservé aussi près de la Terre. Mais aussi parce qu'il présente un certain nombre de caractéristiques pour le moins surprenantes.
Comète, astéroïde, fragment de corps céleste. Au fil des mois, toutes les hypothèses concernant sa nature ont été mises sur la table. Y compris la plus folle de toutes : celle du vaisseau extraterrestre ! Une hypothèse soutenue -- envers et contre presque tous -- par Abraham Loeb, président du département d'astronomie à l'université de Harvard (États-Unis). « Laméthode scientifiqueencourage à la prudence. Nous formulons une hypothèse, recueillons des preuves et testons cette hypothèse. Puis nous affinons l'hypothèse ou rassemblons plus de preuves. Mais les modes peuvent décourager la prise en compte de certaines hypothèses et le carriérisme peut diriger l'attention et les ressources vers certains sujets et les éloigner d'autres », explique-t-il.
Le saviez-vous ?
En 2015, Ellen Stofan, alors scientifique en chef à la Nasa déclarait à l’occasion d’un événement public, s’attendre à ce que « des preuves de l’existence d’une vie au-delà de la Terre » soient trouvées dans les deux à trois décennies. Un point de vue alors partagé par Jeffrey Newmark, astrophysicien à la Nasa : « Je ne me demande pas si nous trouverons de telles preuves, mais quand. »
S’ils pensaient vraisemblablement plus à des formes de vie microscopiques, Avi Loeb, astrophysicien à l’université de Harvard (États-Unis), lui, pense que la preuve en question est passée par le Système solaire en 2017. Il détaille sa théorie dans un livre, traduit par Charles Frankel, qui vient de paraître aux éditions du Seuil : Le premier signe d’une vie intelligente extraterrestre
« Personnellement, je suis convaincu que 'Oumuamua est la preuve qu'il existe ou qu'il a existé des civilisations sensibles autres que la nôtre, ailleurs dans l'Univers. Et j'aimerais que la communauté accepte d'accorder autant de crédit à ma théorie qu'elle en accorde à l'hypothèse de la supersymétrie ou du multivers. Mais je crois aussi que l'humanité n'est pas prête à accepter que nous ne soyons pas uniques. »
Une vue d’artiste de l’objet que les astronomes ont officiellement baptisé 1I/2017 U1 et rapidement surnommé ‘Oumuamua. Jamais un objet de cette forme n’a été observé dans notre Système solaire auparavant.
‘Oumuamua, un objet interstellaire à la forme étrange
Mais sur quoi Avi Loeb appuie-t-il son hypothèse ? Sur quelques singularités relevées par les chercheurs qui ont étudié l'objet interstellaire. Sa forme d'abord. « Nous n'avons aucune image bien nette de l'objet. Seulement les données de onze jours d'observations -- avant que l'objet s'éloigne trop de la Terre -- par plusieurs télescopes, précise Avi Loeb. Elles montrent que la luminosité de ‘Oumuamua varie d'un facteur dix toutes les huit heures. » De quoi conclure que l'objet est bien plus long que large. Certains ont d'abord parlé de forme de cigare. Puis les données ont orienté, de manière statistiquement bien plus probable, vers une forme de disque.
Quoi qu'il en soit, nous n'avons jamais observé dans la nature, d'objet aussi plat et/ou allongé, nous assure Avi Loeb. Et c'est sans parler du fait que 'Oumuamua était aussi au moins dix fois plus brillant que n'importe quel astéroïde oucomètede taille similaire. » Un certain nombre d'explications ont été avancées.
Cette animation montre le parcours de l’objet interstellaire 1I/2017 U1, alias ‘Oumuamua à travers notre Système solaire. Suivant une trajectoire qui a surpris les astronomes.
« S'il n'y avait eu que cela, je serais passé à autre chose », nous confie Avi Loeb. Mais il y avait aussi l'anomalie de trajectoire qui apparait dans les données recueillies par les astronomes. Selon le chercheur de l'université de Harvard, celle-ci est « époustouflante ». « Les lois de la physique nous permettent de prédire la trajectoire d'un objet soumis à l'influence gravitationnelle du Soleil. Mais 'Oumuamua ne s'est pas comporté comme prévu. » À distance de notre étoile, il s'est vu comme poussé par une force mystérieuse. « Cela arrive aux comètes aussi. Une sorte d'effet de « moteur-fusée » qu'elles doivent à leur longue queue de glace qui s'évapore. »
Pour que cet effet fusée explique la déviation de trajectoire de 'Oumuamua, il aurait fallu que l'objet perde un dixième de sa masse. Pourtant, en scrutant l'espace environnant, les astronomes n'ont trouvé aucune trace d'eau, de gaz ou de poussière.
D'autres hypothèses ont été avancées. Celle d'une collision avec un autre objet, d'abord. Mais les données ne correspondaient pas. Puis celle que la glace portée par l'objet interstellaire ait été exclusivement composée d'hydrogène. Mais l'idée n'a pas tenu bien longtemps. Celle de l'action de la pression de rayonnement du Soleil a également été investiguée. Mais elle impliquerait une densité massique incroyablement faible. 1 % seulement de celle de l'air à la surface de la Terre. De quoi faire de 'Oumuamua l'objet le plus poreux jamais observé dans notre Système solaire.
Selon Avi Loeb, astrophysicien à l’université de Harvard (États-Unis), les caractéristiques d’’Oumuamua peuvent s’expliquer par l’hypothèse qu'il s'agit d’un engin extraterrestre.
« Pour moi, 'Oumuamua ne ressemble tellement à rien d'autre de ce que nous connaissons dans l'Univers qu'il doit avoir été conçu, construit et lancé par une intelligence extraterrestre. Peut-être un voile flottant dans l'espace. Une bouée de communication. Ou un débris abandonné par une civilisation autre que la nôtre, avance Avi Loeb. J'ai conscience que c'est une hypothèse exotique. Mais les autres hypothèses avancées pour expliquer ces caractéristiques particulières ne le sont pas moins. Aucune ne parvient à réellement expliquer la trajectoire de 'Oumuamua. Et pourtant, l'objet a dévié », n'hésite pas à lancer le chercheur en clin d'œil à Galilée.
« Soyons clairs. Je ne suis pas de ceux qui cherchent la lumière des projecteurs. Je ne suis pas "l'enfant terrible de l'astrophysique". Je me pose seulement des questions. En essayant de ne pas me laisser déborder par des préjugés. »
Pas ontdekt geologisch fenomeen duwt Amerika's en Afrika en Europa uit elkaar
De sensoren op en rond de Mid-Atlantische Rug waarmee de gegevens voor de nieuwe studie verzameld werden.
University of Southampton
Pas ontdekt geologisch fenomeen duwt Amerika's en Afrika en Europa uit elkaar
Materiaal dat van diep onder de aardkorst naar boven opwelt, duwt mogelijk de continenten Noord- en Zuid-Amerika verder weg van Europa en Afrika en maakt zo de Atlantische Oceaan breder. Dat blijkt uit een nieuwe studie. Tot nu toe werd gedacht dat de aardplaten met de continenten uit elkaar bewegen in de Atlantische Oceaan door andere oorzaken en dat materie van dicht onder de aardkorst enkel de ruimte opvult die zo vrijkomt.
Luc De Roy
De tektonische platen waarop Noord- en Zuid-Amerika liggen en de platen die vastzitten aan Europa en Afrika, wijken uit elkaar met zo'n 4 centimeter per jaar. Tussen de continenten ligt de Mid-Atlantische Rug, een plaats waar nieuwe platen gevormd worden en die de scheidingslijn vormt tussen platen die naar het westen bewegen en platen die naar het oosten wegschuiven. Onder de rug komt er materie naar boven die de plaats opvult die ontstaan is doordat de platen uit elkaar gaan.
De conventionele visie is dat het uit elkaar wijken van de platen wordt aangedreven door gravitationele krachten - zwaartekracht - vanop een verre afstand, doordat de zwaardere delen van de platen ver weg opnieuw wegzinken in de aarde. De zwaardere delen die wegzinken aan de randen van de platen, trekken als het ware de platen uit elkaar waar ze elkaar raken in het midden van de oceaan.
Het probleem is dat de Atlantische Oceaan niet omringd wordt door dergelijke zware, wegzinkende delen van platen en dus is het een raadsel wat de platen uit elkaar drijft in het midden van de oceaan.
Nu heeft een team van seismologen onder leiding van de University of Southampton bewijzen gevonden voor een opwelling in de aardmantel - het materiaal tussen de aardkorst en de kern van de aarde - vanop diepten van meer dan 600 kilometer onder de Mid-Atlantische Rug. Die opwelling kan de platen van onderuit wegduwen en zo maken dat de continenten verder uit elkaar gaan.
Normaal gezien denkt men dat de opwellingen onder ruggen afkomstig zijn van veel kleinere diepten, van zo'n 60 kilometer.
De belangrijkste tektonische platen op aarde. De Mid-Atlantische Rug is aangeduid in het geel.
Wikimedia Commons
39 seismometers
Het team achter de studie stelde 39 seismometers op in het midden van de bodem van de Atlantische Oceaan in het kader van het PI-LAB (Passive Imaging of the Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary) experiment en van EURO-LAB (Experiment to Unearth the Rheological Oceanic Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary). De seismometers stonden verspreid over zo'n 1.000 kilometer en ze bleven een jaar lang werken om aardbevingen van over de hele wereld te registreren.
De seismometers legden vast hoe de seismische golven van de aardbevingen zich door de verschillende zones van de aardmantel bewogen.
De gegevens van de seismometers stelden de onderzoekers in staat om voor het eerst op grote schaal een beeld in hoge resolutie op te stellen van de aardmantel onder de Mid-Atlantische Rug.
Het experiment is een van de weinige die ooit op deze schaal zijn uitgevoerd in de oceanen en het liet het team toe variaties in de structuur van de aardmantel in beeld te brengen op diepten tussen 410 en 660 kilometer. Tussen die diepten ligt de zogenoemde manteltransitiezone, een overgangszone tussen de bovenmantel en de ondermantel van de aarde, die gekenmerkt wordt door abrupte faseovergangen in de mineralen van de mantel. Die mineralen nemen dichtere kristalstructuren aan naarmate de diepte en de druk groter worden.
Het signaal dat de seismologen zagen, wees op een onverwachte, trage, diepe opwelling van materiaal vanuit de diepere aardmantel.
De onderzoekers brachten in totaal tien weken op twee onderzoeksschepen in de Atlantische Oceaan door om de seismometers op te stellen en na een jaar opnieuw binnen te halen.University of Southampton
"Ongelooflijke resultaten"
"Dit was een gedenkwaardige missie die ons in totaal 10 weken naar het midden van de Atlantische Oceaan bracht", zei hoofdauteur Matthew Agius. "De ongelooflijke resultaten werpen nieuw licht op onze kennis van hoe het binnenste van de aarde verbonden is met platentektoniek, en we hebben waarnemingen opgetekend die nooit eerder gezien zijn."
Agius was een postdoctoraal onderzoeker aan de University of Southampton die nu aan de Università degli studie Rome Tre werkt. Platentektoniek is de wetenschappelijke theorie over hoe de bovenste laag van de aarde verdeeld is in platen die zich onafhankelijk van elkaar bewegen.
"Dit was volkomen onverwacht", zei doctor Kate Reichert, een van de leiders van het onderzoek. "Het heeft belangrijke gevolgen voor onze kennis over de evolutie van de aarde en haar bewoonbaarheid. Het toont ook aan hoe belangrijk het is nieuwe data te verzamelen uit de oceanen. Er is nog zo veel te onderzoeken."
"Dit werk is opwindend en het ontkracht aannames die al lang geloofd worden over het feit dat de mid-oceanische ruggen enkel een passieve rol spelen in de platentektoniek", zei professor Mike Kendall van de University of Oxford, een andere leider van het onderzoek. "Het suggereert dat in plaatsen zoals het midden van de Atlantische Oceaan krachten rond de rug een belangrijke rol spelen bij het uit elkaar drijven van nieuw gevormde platen."
De onderzoekers zeggen dat de bevindingen van de studie een beter inzicht bieden in de platentektoniek, die veel natuurrampen veroorzaakt, onder meer aardbevingen, tsunami's en vulkaanuitbarstingen. Ze kunnen wetenschappers helpen betere modellen en waarschuwingssystemen te ontwikkelen voor natuurrampen. De platentektoniek heeft ook een impact op het zeeniveau en heeft zodoende ook een invloed op de schattingen in verband met de klimaatverandering op een geologische - erg lange - tijdschaal.
Een video (Engels) van de universiteit van Southampton met uitleg over het experiment en de studie.
De seismometers van PI-LAB tekenden gedurende een jaar de effecten van aardbevingen overal ter wereld op en aan de hand van hoe de seismische golven zich door de aardlagen bewogen, konden de onderzoekers zich een beeld vormen van wat er zich in de aardlagen afspeelde, vooral in de manteltransitiezone, tussen 410 en 660 kilometers, die de overgang vormt tussen de bovenmantel en de ondermantel van de aarde.University of Southampton
Unraveling The UFO Mystery: France Is Working On It
Unraveling The UFO Mystery: France Is Working On It
Thousands of UFO sightings are reported every year but not many countries are willing to spend money investigating them – there is just one dedicated state-run team left in Europe. Is France onto something?, asks BBC.
You don’t need a time machine when you visit the French Space Centre headquarters in Toulouse – it’s already a throwback to the 1970s. Green lawns sweep on to wide boulevards with stout long rectangular office blocks on either side.
It’s almost Soviet-style in the heart of southern France. There are few signs of life even though 1,500 people, most of them civil servants, work in boxy offices along narrow unappealing corridors.
France has the biggest space agency in Europe – the result of the 1960s space race and President Charles de Gaulle’s grand determination to keep France independent of the US by building its own satellites, rocket launchers and providing elite space research.
An offshoot of all that – France is the only country in Europe to maintain a full-time state-run UFO (unidentified flying objects) department. There used to be one in the UK and another in Denmark but they closed down years ago due to budget cuts.
France’s UFO unit consists of four staff, and about a dozen volunteers who get their expenses paid to go on site and look into reports of strange sightings in the skies.
The team is called Geipan. That’s a French acronym for Study Group and Information on Non-Identified Aerospace Phenomenon.
Its boss is Xavier Passot. Surrounded by dozens of books on UFOs, and stacks of documents, he tells me his mission is to be as transparent as possible about strange sightings and to follow up on each one that his team receives.
A drawing from the files at the French UFO department (Image credit: BBC)
They publish their results on their website which gets 30,000 hits a month. The team receives, on average, two UFO sightings a day. The department insists an 11-page form is filled out for each one. The idea is to provide details including photographs where possible but also weed out jokers and time-wasters.
If someone claims to have seen strange lights in the skies, the UFO team might go online to see whether the observation took place on a flight path – it can trace commercial air traffic going back more than a week.
The team also has access to military flight paths and is in touch with the air force and air traffic controllers.
Sometimes if its staff are really intrigued by photos they have seen or if there have been several witnesses to the same sighting, they will call the local police to ask whether they can be considered credible.
They might even check with neighbours to see whether they were out drinking that night or perhaps smoking something other than cigarettes.
Passot says many of the people who get in touch are smokers, puffing away outside bars or their own homes at night, gazing at the stars.
One of the boxy offices houses yellowing archives going back to the 1950s. The papers I look at contain eerie accounts of strange things encountered in the skies by fighter pilots on routine reconnaissance missions.
For what it’s worth and for those who suspect there’s conspiracy afoot, Passot tells me he has never covered up a UFO sighting.
I take a look at some amazing photos of strange lights and circular forms caught on camera. One, taken by a motorist, of a white ring shape above Marseille is particularly grabbing.
UFO in Marseille
But the team figured that one out – it wasn’t invaders from Mars, just the reflection of a small interior overhead light in the car.
In fact, the department can explain away nearly all these phenomena and, believe it or not, the most common culprits are Chinese lanterns sent up at night during parties. The investigators often telephone the local town hall to ask if, perhaps, there had been a wedding going on at the time.
Balloons and kites floating in the skies also get mistaken for alien craft, and space debris and falling meteorites giving off strange lights are more common than one might think.
But there are around 400 UFO sightings going back to the 1970s that the French team cannot explain. One, an alleged flying saucer landing near Aix-en-Provence in 1981, they take very seriously – there were landing marks and multiple witnesses.
So are there really little green men? Well, the jury’s out on the colour but there are many working here, as well as others around the world, who are convinced there is some life out there.
And does the use of French taxpayers’ money on UFO research make sense, particularly in these times of budgetary constraint? That probably depends on whether you just saw an alien and, in the words of those Ghostbusters, who you gonna call?
How Bob Lazar Spoke The Truth About Flying Saucers 30 Years Ago
How Bob Lazar Spoke The Truth About Flying Saucers 30 Years Ago
By George Knapp
A buzz was building inside the Kulturhuset, a community center built on Islands Brygge, the historic property on the waterfront of Copenhagen’s harbor.
Inside the hall, an audience of more than 120 Danes, Norwegians, Germans and Brits were waiting to hear about a mystery that first surfaced on Las Vegas television 30 years ago. What’s the latest about Area 51, they wanted me to tell them — and whatever happened to that flying-saucer guy Bob Lazar?
Bob Lazar
Few people know better than I do how outlandish the Lazar story sounded when his tale of a secret Nevada base housing UFOs exploded onto the scene back in November 1989.
To this day, it is still a bit befuddling to me that educated professionals, artists, musicians and retirees from all around Europe would gather to hear the latest scuttlebutt about the flying saucers supposedly housed in a secretive facility in the Nevada desert.
The Exopolitics Denmark conference, a two-day gathering in October, wasn’t the first to focus on the subject, and it won’t be the last. Area 51 is known around the world.
Every day I receive letters, emails or phone calls from curious people in Ecuador, Iceland, Hong Kong, Russia or other far-flung places asking about Area 51 or the bookish whistleblower who put it on the map.
And that’s exactly what Lazar did. Today, Area 51 is an oxymoron of the highest order — the world’s best-known secret base. It has been mentioned in such blockbusters as The Da Vinci Code, National Treasure, an Indiana Jones sequel and Independence Day, in which Earthlings used the base to fight off an alien invasion.
It’s been featured in “X-Files” episodes, inspired dozens of books, hundreds of magazine articles, songs, cartoons, poems and business enterprises.
Earlier this year, former President Clinton talked about his interest in aliens and Area 51 on the Jimmy Kimmel show. President Obama became the first sitting president to mention the name of the base — during a ceremony honoring Shirley MacLaine.
Heck, even the Kardashians visited the outskirts of the base for their reality show.
There are several businesses named after Area 51 — a rock ’n’ roll band, a couple of bars, a video game, a fireworks company, jerky stores, inflatable love dolls, a dance troupe, art exhibits and the Las Vegas triple A-baseball team.
After my first televised interview with Lazar, the most prominent business in Rachel, Nev., wisely changed its name from the Rachel Bar and Grill to the Little A’Le’Inn, selling T-shirts, posters, wine and Bob Lazar Christmas tree ornaments, along with “Beam Me Up, Scotty” drinks at the bar and Alien Burgers in the kitchen.
The story as told by Lazar has not only persisted but has blossomed, despite overtly hostile treatment by major media outlets and some of the best-known honchos of Ufology. Many of my journalism colleagues have worked their ink-stained panties into pretzel-thick bunches by fretting about the story.
Nonetheless, since the saucer stuff burst into the public consciousness, every major media organization, program and paper in the world has, sometimes reluctantly, beaten a path to Area 51’s once-obscure door. The attention has irritated some of my fellow reporters to the breaking point.
The nonexistent military base
“Sometimes I really do regret it.” On the media screen inside the Denmark hall, attendees are intently watching an edited clip of an interview with Lazar. “I almost feel like apologizing to them, saying, ‘I’m sorry. Can I have my job back?’”
It’s far too late for that — assuming he ever had a job out there in the first place. Whatever anonymity Area 51 enjoyed evaporated forever the moment Lazar spoke into a TV camera.
That first interview was broadcast in May 1989. Lazar’s face was hidden and he used a pseudonym, Dennis. He claimed he worked intermittently at a location called S-4, south of Groom Lake, the main facility of Area 51.
He said nine aircraft hangars had been built into the side of a mountain, adjacent to Papoose dry lake, disguised to look like the desert floor. Inside were nine flying saucers of alien origin.
“Dennis” said the program was controlled by the U.S. Navy and that he and other scientists were taking the saucers apart to figure out how they worked — “reverse engineering,” he called it.
Eight months later, on Nov. 10, KLAS-TV identified Lazar by name and showed his face as part of a series called “UFOs: The Best Evidence.” To this day, it ranks as the highest rated, most-watched local news program ever produced here. Within days, Lazar’s claims had spread to Europe and Japan.
TV crews and tabloid outfits flocked to Nevada. Tour buses filled with UFO enthusiasts staked out the deserts of the Tikaboo Valley. The guards, nicknamed “camo dudes,” who patrol the perimeter of Area 51 were overwhelmed by all the attention, and ticked off, too.
Before that first broadcast, the only people familiar with the name of the base were folks who worked there or at the Nevada Test Site, or who lived in one of the remote communities of central Nevada. A few journalists had written bits and pieces about the base in the ’60s and ’70s.
Aviation magazines speculated about spy planes that might be flying out of Groom Lake: the sleek SR-71 Blackbird, the gangly and magnificent U-2 and a strange craft rumored to be nearly invisible to radar.
Among the handful of Nevada journalists with an interest in the base were two Las Vegas muckrakers, Bob Stoldal and Ned Day, who years later would become my bosses.
Acting on a tip from a former CIA pilot and Area 51 watcher named John Lear, Day and Stoldal broke a big story about the existence of the stealth fighter, which, they reported, had been developed and tested at Area 51. Federal lawmen hauled Day in for questioning about the source of his information.
Stoldal was nabbed by military security on the outskirts of the base. In the early ’80s, when they hired me to work at KLAS-TV, they told me intriguing stories about the ominous military base known by many names — The Ranch, The Box, The Watertown Strip and, best of all, Dreamland.
By then the base had vanished from maps of the Test Site. The government began to pretend it didn’t exist, even though it had been acknowledged by the military as early as 1955 and had been photographed by Russian satellites. It became readily apparent that intelligence agencies and the military were flat out lying to the public, and, as lies go, it wasn’t very convincing.
‘There is no delusion’
In Copenhagen, I told the audience that it no longer matters to me whether anyone believes Lazar’s wild tale. (That’s almost true.) For years after the story broke, it was a burning priority for me to try to convince the public — and my skeptical colleagues — that the story was legitimate and true. Not anymore.
These days, I focus on explaining why we took the story seriously in the first place, why we put our credibility on the line and how the tale subsequently took on a life that no one could have imagined. Like it or not, the Lazar meme is alive and well.
“Look, I’m not out there giving UFO lectures or producing tapes. I’m not in the UFO business,” Lazar told me in an interview recorded this year at my home.
“I’m trying to run a scientific business, and if I’m The UFO Guy it makes it really difficult for me. It is to my benefit that people don’t believe the story. So when somebody says that they don’t believe my story, I say, ‘Great. Pass it around. I don’t want you to believe it because it makes life difficult for me.’”
These days, he owns a scientific supply company in Michigan. He doesn’t grant interviews and has done his best to put the whole episode behind him. He makes an occasional exception for me, mostly because of the strange road we have traveled together and the wars that have been fought in the odd little universe of Ufology.
“Look, I know what happened is true,” Lazar says. “There is no doubt. Period. There is no delusion.”
“Bob wouldn’t go to the trouble to make up a story to lie to people and then perpetuate that lie,” adds his close friend Gene Huff, a Las Vegas real-estate appraiser.
“I mean, he lives in his own world and doesn’t care what people think. Bob has no idea who won the Super Bowl last year, or the World Series. He’s busy doing scientific stuff in Bob Lazar World and would not waste his time perpetuating a lie about UFOs.”
When KLAS decided to pursue Lazar’s claims, we spent eight months looking into his background and the larger story about UFOs at Area 51. On the surface, Lazar seemed an unlikely person to bring into such a sensitive program, assuming such a program exists.
He likes machine guns and hookers, builds jet-powered cars, operated an outlaw fireworks spectacular and flies a skull-and-crossbones flag over his house. Hardly the profile of a stuffy government scientist. What’s more, the claims he made about places he worked and the school he attended could not be verified.
But instead of scaring us away from the story, the lack of records is what hooked us. Lazar said that prior to S-4, he had worked as a physicist on classified projects at Los Alamos National Lab in New Mexico.
The lab told me it had no record whatsoever of Lazar. After I found a lab phone book listing his name, and a front-page Los Alamos newspaper article that named him as a lab physicist, Los Alamos still denied having any records.
A headhunting company confirmed to me that it had hired Lazar to work at the lab and would send me copies of his records — but then clammed up, refusing to return phone calls or respond to letters, later denying it ever told me that it had the records.
I interviewed four people who had personal knowledge of Lazar working at Los Alamos on classified projects, and I even took a tour of the lab with Lazar as my guide.
Something was clearly wrong with this picture. Later, after Lazar got into legal hot water, I asked Nevada Rep. Jim Bilbray for help tracking down Lazar’s employment records. The congressman’s office said it was stonewalled by several agencies and had never seen anything like it.
The second thing that hooked us was Lazar’s knowledge of how things worked at Groom Lake. He says he spent very little time at Groom itself, but he knew, for instance, that a company called EG&G handled hiring. (Lazar claimed he had been sent to EG&G on a recommendation from physicist Edward Teller, whom he had met at Los Alamos.)
Lazar knew that employees were flown to the base in unmarked planes or driven to Groom on buses with blacked-out windows — all true. He told us he had been interviewed by a guy who might have worked for the FBI as part of a background check for his security clearance.
The agent’s name was Mike Thigpen. As it turned out, Thigpen was a real person, but he worked for something called the Office of Federal Investigation, which conducts background checks on people hired to work at the former Test Site. That part of Lazar’s story turned out to be true.
We also confirmed the existence of a location called S-4 on the Nellis range. There had been no references anywhere to such a place, but the public affairs office at Nellis confirmed to me that S-4 was a location at which the Air Force “tested certain equipment.” (If you ask them today, they will tell you they are “unable to find any such designation on any maps” of the range.) How did Lazar know it existed?
The most important information Lazar had was the location and time of test flights of the saucerlike craft. Three weeks in a row, he escorted a group of people out to the desert east of the Papoose range, and they witnessed a glowing saucer-shaped object rise above the mountains and perform dramatic maneuvers.
One of the sightings was captured on videotape. I interviewed each of the people who went along, and they told me the same story. Again, how did Lazar know? There had been no reports of aerial activity at Papoose.
To this day, the official story is that the government has never had a facility at that location (even though satellite maps show a road leading from Groom Lake to the spot where Lazar says the hangars were located). As an aside, earlier this year, a UFO researcher found images on Google Earth that appear to show the outline of what could be nine hangar doors on the side of Papoose dry lake.
After an inconclusive result on one polygraph test — the examiner thought Lazar was too frightened — he easily passed a second test, administered an ex-cop named Terry Tavernetti, who quizzed him about his core claims. No attempt at deception was detected. Not long after we reported Tavernetti’s findings, his office was burglarized and the charts from Lazar’s test were stolen.
Yet another reason we gave Lazar the benefit of the doubt is that we found witnesses to back up at least parts of his story. I’ve interviewed more than two dozen people who worked at Groom Lake at various times from the 1950s through the ’80s who have told me they saw saucerlike craft being tested or stored or taken apart in the vicinity of Area 51.
Most telling of all are those witnesses who were subsequently visited and threatened by various Men In Black types. Six people who offered to tell me their stories say they were visited immediately afterward and ordered to keep their mouths shut. If it had happened only once, I wouldn’t think much about it.
But these six people were solid citizens, not UFO nuts. One woman says she her life was threatened. Another man says he was warned about imprisonment if he talked.
What this told me was that someone was listening to my phone calls. In the days before Edward Snowden’s revelations, before we took for granted that the government is listening to every call and reading every email, this knowledge really pissed us off.
Years after the story broke, I spoke to two former spooks who admitted that their job was to follow me, Lazar, Lear and Huff to see who we met or spoke to, at our workplaces, homes or bars. If Lazar’s tale was baloney, why were we being followed?
Nonetheless, my approach to the Lazar material changed in the mid-’90s, for a couple of reasons. One is that I was concerned that I had crossed into advocacy instead of merely reporting on it. The fact is, it became personal. So many weird things happened during those first few years, things that are hard to explain if you weren’t there.
Second, I reluctantly came to realize that I would never be able to prove Lazar’s claims, no matter how many witnesses came forward to verify parts of his story.
The folks who run Area 51 are simply better at this stuff than I am, and were always able to deflect stories about what goes on there. So I changed my focus to merely explaining how the story played out and why I remained interested over the years.
Amazing and ridiculous
In the years since the stories broke, I’ve read the most amazing and ridiculous things about Area 51 and the saucer stories in local and national publications. Quite a few articles have poked fun at the story or at me. I’ve been the subject of at least three terrifically funny editorial cartoons in the Review Journal — all three now hang on my bathroom wall.
The RJ media critic speculated that people were “rushing home at night to see my UFO reports” because they wanted to see the moment when I finally went “bull-goose loony on the air.” One columnist bestowed on me the title of “grand mullah in the church of cosmic proctology.”
Some of this stuff was pretty funny, but it bothered me that so many journalists had made up their minds about the Area 51 stories without ever doing a bit of work on it or without interviewing any witnesses. They seemed to know ahead of time, perhaps through psychic visions, that the story was bunk. To my mind, that isn’t how journalism is supposed to work.
The most troubling failures by my colleagues has been their willingness to accept whatever stories are promulgated by the Air Force or CIA, as long as the end result is to poke fun at crazy UFO buffs.
In the years since the Lazar story broke, I’ve met scores of men who worked at Groom Lake on classified projects who have told me they never saw any saucers, and I believe them. But those same men have told me they would see co-workers in the chow line every day and never know what they were working on because they couldn’t talk about it. They were reportedly ordered to lie about their work to their own spouses.
The other explanation that has been swallowed by those who don’t want the story to be true is that maybe the tale told by Lazar is part of a disinformation plot, devised by the CIA or Air Force, as a way to distract attention away from something else flying around out there.
If that was the plan, it was a miserable failure.
As a result of the saucer tales, tens of thousands of people have made the trek out into the desert to watch the skies. Media crews are out there every week. Congressional investigators have asked tough questions. No one at Groom Lake ever wanted this much attention, regardless of what they are doing these days.
Critics of the story, or of Lazar, are welcome to laugh at it all they want. But the fact is, the debate is effectively over. Area 51 is now permanently carved into the public consciousness. Area 51 is now the yin to Roswell’s yang, and the UFO stories are never going to be divorced from the base itself. The UFO crazies won the battle. Long live Area 51.
By George Knapp (George Knapp is a Nevada journalist who has been honored with the highest awards in broadcast journalism–the Peabody Award (twice), the Dupont Award from Columbia University, the Edward R. Murrow Award, and 27 regional Emmy awards for investigative reporting, environmental reporting, and news writing.)
Nine young hikers came to a mysterious end in the winter of 1959 on a frigid remote pass in the Ural mountains, launching Dyatlov Pass into the world lexicon and kicking off a search for the reasons how they died and why their bodies were found scattered around the area, some with horrific and baffling injuries, others with none, some in various stages of undress, all frozen to death. When conventional causes proved inconclusive, the strange and bizarre quickly emerged – UFOs, aliens, Yeti, radiation from a secret rocket test, secret heat ray weapon, poisoned alcohol, KGB killing, a vacuum bomb and more. None of those has been confirmed either, so a group of scientists went back to one of the conventional causes and revealed this week the most plausible scientific explanation for the Dyatov Pass incident.
--“Here we show how a combination of irregular topography, a cut made in the slope to install the tent and the subsequent deposition of snow induced by strong katabatic winds contributed after a suitable time to the slab release, which caused severe non-fatal injuries, in agreement with the autopsy results.”
If you missed the clues (irregular topography, cut, snow, slab release), the authors of the study, published in the journal Communications, Earth & Environment, concluded that the Dyatlov Pass hikers were run over by a small avalanche which them the injuries and scattered them and their belongings, forcing their deaths by hypothermia.
Arguments against the avalanche theory, please.
A snow avalanche is not a new probable cause – in fact, it was one of the first proposed and first rejected. For one thing, there was no sign of an avalanche when rescuers finally arrived. Second, the slope was less than the minimum angle for an avalanche. Third, the hikers fled their tents in the middle of the night – not a typical avalanche time. Finally, not all of the injuries appeared to be of the type normally seen in avalanche victims.
Arguments for the slab avalanche, please.
Johan Gaume, head of the Snow and Avalanche Simulation Laboratory at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, and Alexander Puzrin, a researcher at the Institute for Geotechnical Engineering in Zurich, studied records from the time of the incident and then ran them through a digital avalanche model. A slab avalanche addressed the main “it’s not an avalanche” objections. The angle of the slope was steeper than reported and subsequent snowfalls reduced the pitch and also smoothed over the signs of an avalanche. While the cut in the slope was made during the day, extreme winds blew as much as a foot of snow above the highest tent, weighing it down enough to cause a break and a slab avalanche. Finally, because the hikers were asleep in a vertical position, the injuries they suffered would not have looked the same as those of people upright while hiking, skiing or running away. (Excellent drawings of the above can be seen in the study.)
“In conclusion, our work shows the plausibility of a rather rare type of snow slab instabilities that could possibly explain the Dyatlov Pass incident. Yet, we do not explain nor address other controversial elements surrounding the investigation such as traces of radioactivity found on the victims’ garments, the behavior of the hikers after leaving the tent, locations and states of bodies, etc. While possible explanations are given in multiple published sources as well as by both the Investigative Committee and the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation, we believe that this will always remain an intrinsic part of the Dyatlov Pass Mystery.”
Gaume and Puzrin hedge their bets by using the word “plausibility” in their conclusion. Still, it seems to be the best argument for a slab avalanche cause for the Dyatlov Pass incident. Will it convince those hoping for aliens, Yeti or one of the other unconventional explanations? No drum roll needed here.
The mid-1980s were a tense time in the world, with the Cold War in full swing and two heavily armed nuclear powers, the United States and the Soviet Union, at odds with each other. It was a time of proxy wars being fought and the two powers constantly saber rattling, an era of frequent brinksmanship, with nuclear missiles aimed at each other and the very existence of the world hanging in the balance, watching with fear what these two massive countries would do. In many ways it was akin to a standoff between two gunslingers, each staring the other one down, hand at the holster, waiting for the other to make a move, the slightest movement likely to cause the other to fire. Both countries had massive nuclear arsenals, which had been growing all of the time in a seemingly never-ending cycle of one-upmanship, and this was one of the reasons for Geneva Summit of 1985, held in the neutral territory of Geneva, Switzerland. Among the topics they would discuss were controlling the arms race, improving relationships, and whether or not they would team up if aliens ever invaded Earth. Wait, what?
The meeting was originally meant to discuss options for cutting down the number of nukes and smooth over diplomatic relations related to the ongoing arms race, but it was turning out to mostly serve as a venue for both powers to flex and posture on the stage of public opinion. The Geneva Summit had been tense going even during the planning stages, as the two nations had difficulty seeing eye to eye on anything or establishing a dialogue at all, really, not helped by the fact that the U.S. chose the months ahead of the meeting to unveil their plans to test the Strategic Defense Initiative. Also known popularly as Star Wars, it was a space based proposed missile defense system designed to protect the United States from attack by ballistic strategic nuclear weapons, both launched from land or submarines, and it really stirred the hornets’ nest as far as the Soviets were concerned, making things that much more abrasive and antagonistic when talks at the summit actually began.
When they met in Geneva, both superpowers engaged in a dance of demands and proposals met with rebuffs and counter demands, with both seeming to have different agendas. For instance, the Soviets wanted to halve the number of nuclear weapons, while the U.S. seemed more interested in making sure that both sides did not gain a first-strike advantage. The Soviets wanted the Star Wars system halted, whereas the U.S. was very interested in protecting their right to have defensive systems. The Soviets suggested a unilateral moratorium on underground nuclear tests, but the U.S. refused to join it. It seemed to be going nowhere, as it was very apparent that neither one of the superpowers trusted the other at all.
Among all of this, one of the main attractions of the Geneva Summit was that it was the first time for then American president Ronald Reagan to meet Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev face to face. As all eyes around the world watched, the two Cold War leaders met at the picturesque chateau Maison de Saussure, and it was just about as awkward as one might expect. One the first day of the two-day meeting, Reagan told Gorbachev that the U.S. desired peace above all else, to which Gorbachev retorted that the U.S. government was intentionally keeping its citizens tense and distrustful of the Soviets. Indeed, Gorbachev complained that one of their main problems was this distrust and paranoia. And around and around it went, going a half an hour over schedule. Reagan accused the Soviets of being overly aggressive, and Gorbachev retorted that the Americans were fear-mongers and overreacting. They also clashed about the arms race, the Strategic Defense Initiative and various other issues, with Reagan later saying that Gorbachev was belligerent and Gorbachev describing Reagan as “unyielding.” Just about the only thing they could agree on was that they should meet again and continue the talks. Yet there was apparently something else they agreed on as well.
At one point during the negotiations, Reagan and Gorbachev stopped the meeting to take a break and have a walk together. It was frustrating for reporters and everyone watching from home, because it turned out to be a very private walk, with only their interpreters allowed to follow, and with not even Reagan’s Secretary of State George Shultz allowed to go with them. They went for their walk, came back, and for years there was much debate and discussion about what the two had talked about during that time. It was not until 2009 when both Schultz and Gorbachev participated in an interview with Charlie Rose and the subject came up. Shultz described how the two had suddenly taken a break to go to “some cabin on Lake Geneva where there was a fire in a fireplace and you sat down there.” At that point Gorbachev excitedly jumped in to tell of what they had talked about, and that was apparently what the two countries would do if they were attacked by aliens. Gorbachev said:
From the fireside house, President Reagan suddenly said to me, ‘What would you do if the United States were suddenly attacked by someone from outer space? Would you help us?’ I said, ‘No doubt about it.’ He said, ‘We too.’ So that’s interesting. I’m sorry for having interrupted you, but it was an interesting moment.
At the time there was a lot of laughter in the studio, and one might have even gotten the impression that Gorbachev had just made it up on the spot as a joke, if it weren’t for the fact that Reagan would later corroborate it and confirm that it was true. He even related it at a speech to the United Nations a few years later. It is unclear just how serious Reagan was when he asked this, whether it was an honest question or merely he, being a total science fiction geek, desperately trying to find some footing with the Soviet leader during tense exchanges by approaching it through a pop culture lens. Yet there has been much debate that perhaps Reagan was not only being sincere, but that it suggests he had inside knowledge that an alien attack was an actual possible threat. Writer Alex Hollings, at the site SOFREP has said of this:
It seems reasonable to assume that Reagan was using the concept of an alien invasion to point out how even the enemy nations had a mutual desire to see the world survive — a concern that seems appropriate when working to avert a nuclear war. However, in the minds of some, that private stroll in 1985 remains as among the best evidence to date that the United States government was aware of a potential threat posed by the presence of UFOs or alien life. Whether or not Reagan was secretly aware of the presence of UFOs, or if he was simply using popular culture to find common ground with other world leaders, will remain the subject of debate among those with interests in either explanation, but regardless of any potentially hidden intent, it’s nice to know that even the United States and Soviet Union could have put their tensions on hold long enough to fight for the sake of the planet.
There has also been a lot of talk that the two leaders delved into this much more than they let on, or that they actually put plans into place. This little meeting has managed to attract a great deal of attention, despite the fact that it was a seemingly tiny little exchange that likely meant nothing. Yet, we are left to wonder. Why did Reagan bring this up? What did it mean, if anything? Did he know anything, or was this just banter coming from a science fiction aficionado trying to break the ice with a formidable rival? We will probably never know for sure, but it is certainly an odd little exchange from a turbulent time in history.
The Charlotte Observerreports that multiple witnesses to a string of strange lights in the sky near Charlotte, North Carolina Saturday night took to Facebook to report their sightings. Photos documenting a formation of lights floating over the Indian Trail community in Union County, just southeast of Charlotte, were shared in the private Facebook group “What’s Up Indian Trail?”.
Witness Alisa Homewood described her sighting as soundless. The lights “flickered like lanterns, but followed the same exact path up until they disappeared which was odd.” Homewood later told The Charlotte Observer the lights “resembled how a flame would look, flickering in the dark.”
Although Homewood’s description seems typical of so-called Chinese lanterns or sky lanterns, which in complete darkness resemble a series of candle flames or floating fires drifting through the sky, the photos she captured of a trio of those lights show them to be bluish in color. If the lights were sky lanterns, they would most likely be reddish or orangish in hue.
In clarification Homewood said:
“In the sky it did not look blue, it looked like a group of bright lights. I thought it was odd though, that a few people have seen and photographed that same blue-ish grouping of lights.”
Hundreds of commenters on Facebook passionately opined on the lights, speculating that they were flares, drones, or even a SpaceX rocket launch. Others suspected it might be a Starlink train, a line of low-orbiting satellites deployed by SpaceX, intended to one day offer broadband Internet connectivity everywhere on Earth. Videos of these Starlink trains resemble an alien invasion and should be widely distributed to quell any future War of the Worlds-level-hysteria. If you’d like to see one of these formations in action, you can track Starlink and get recommendations of dates and times that offer the best visibility in your area.
A Starlink train was my favorite explanation. That is, until I got in touch with Alisa Homewood, and was able to ask some follow-up questions.
I’m writing an article on the NC lights. Have you received a satisfactory explanation of what they were?
AH: I haven’t received any explanations and don’t anticipate I will. There are several speculations from the community but nothing with evidence.
What color would you say the lights were? White? Yellow? Orange? Red?
AH: They were orange first then looked bright white, then when they were right overhead they were orange like fire.
How many other witnesses posted about the sighting Saturday?
AH: I only saw one other person in the parking lot with me (other than my family), but she hasn’t come forward and I don’t know who she was. Otherwise there are over 100 comments on the Facebook post, and I believe maybe 5-10 mentioned seeing something similar, and I believe only a few (3 or so) said they saw what I saw the same night, but no one has produced photos to confirm we saw the same thing.
What time of night was your sighting?
AH: 9:30-9:40 p.m. Another lady saw them at 5 a.m. a different day.
I presented Alisa Homewood with a video that I took of known sky lanterns, which initially look very mysterious, especially if you’ve never seen them before. When I first saw these flickering flames in the sky, I was compelled to follow them in my car until I got to the bottom of it. Then I made a video about it.
Did what you saw resemble the sky lanterns in this video?
AH: Yes, only there were several. The lights looked like individual flames, they were flickering just like that video you just shared. That was my thought . . . Chinese lanterns. They formed into almost a line and went very high then disappeared. No one in the area has confirmed they sent them up, I was hoping someone would say “Oh, that was our group.” To be fair, I was honestly just curious what they were. I have no notion to believe they are or aren’t lanterns, I was just curious. But yes, my exact words when I saw them were “They resembled lanterns.”
For me, pending new information, the case is closed. The string of strange lights spotted by Alisa Homewood this Saturday in North Carolina were most like sky lanterns. One mystery solved. Onto the next!
A Harvard professor named Avi Loeb has made some pretty interesting claims over the years. You may remember his name as he claimed not long after ‘Oumuamua was discovered back in October of 2017 that it was an alien spacecraft instead of an interstellar object passing through our Solar System.
As for the alien spacecraft theory, Loeb came to this theory not only because it came from another star system, but also because of its unusual cigar shape. He claimed that it was an ancient type of spacecraft that ended up being covered with debris over the years from traveling through space. He added that the object was much more reflective than a normal space rock.
He has again made headlines claiming that there are possibly a quadrillion alien spacecrafts traveling just in our Solar System alone. In fact, he went as far to say that alien spacecrafts may outnumber humans by more than 140,000 to one. While that’s pretty hard to believe, he is very committed to this new theory.
In a recent interview with New Statesman, he claimed that there are countless more alien spacecrafts like ‘Oumuamua and that experts may find many more of them in the future. He described his theory by saying in part, “There should be one in every volume roughly the size of the orbit of the Earth around the sun… it’s pretty small. So it means that there are plenty of them, a quadrillion of them, inside the Oort cloud. Inside the solar system. There are lots of them.”
Going back to the hydrogen ice theory, Greg Laughlin, who is a professor of astronomy at Yale University, stated back in June of last year, “This is a new type of object, but it looks like there may be many more of them showing up going forward.” Numerous more hydrogen ice objects sounds a lot more plausible than a quadrillion alien spacecrafts. But you never know as anything is possible. I just hope they don’t all decide to visit Earth at the same time…
Which one of those has been uttered about the Nazca Lines – those mysterious geoglyphs in Peru’s Nazca Desert that are only visible from the air, where the shapes clearly depict birds (the winner!), animals, plants and some non-discernable drawings. While some speculate they could have been created by aliens as landing strips (half-points issued if those are the reasons you picked ‘plane’ or ‘Superman’), the real purpose of the Nazca lines has eluded discovery. Now, yet another team of archeologists have studied the lines and will be presenting their full conclusion of their purpose at an online conference in February. Fortunately for those of us unable to attend, they recently issued a press release.
“Not only have we unveiled the mystery with numerous and conclusive proofs, but we have also discovered a system that can save millions of lives around the world.”
Salvar Nazca is an international multidisciplinary team or archeologists and engineers led by Carlos E. Hermida who, with Peruvian researcher Luis Cabrejo, tourismologist and doctor in History of Art Ana Mafé García and engineer of Roads, Channels and Ports, Xosé Manuel Carreira Rodriguez, believe they’ve determined the likely purpose of the Nazca Lines. What could it be that caused Hermida to describe it as ‘lifesaving’?
“The disclosure of this study will lead us to understand from now on the famous Nazca Lines as a complex system of water management for the irrigation of vast extensions of the desert, which had the objective of controlling it and taking advantage of it in the different seasons of the year in the face of such changing humidity conditions in that region.”
That’s right – Salvar Nazca has determined that the Nazca Lines were a giant irrigation system created by people living in Peru between 500 BCE and 500 CE. Hmm. While it’s true that the Nazca Lines are in a desert whose dry conditions helped to preserve the lines for 2,000 years, why are they shaped like birds and animals rather than the familiar grid patterns or concentric circles of modern irrigation systems? The team is most likely referring to the crisscrossing lines and the spiral that are more prevalent but less popular than the biological shapes. How did those fit into the irrigation system? That appears to be another mystery that we’ll have to wait until the conference for an answer to.
And why does the study tout this ‘discovery’ as lifesaving? Salvar Nazca used satellite images of 2500 square km of the lines and took eight years to study them, comparing their shapes and locations to modern cartography of the area. Do they see this as a way for modern Peruvians to irrigate and farm the dry desert again? That didn’t seem to work for the Nazca culture which created them before falling around 800 CE due to climate change and destruction of plant life while dealing with the floods that instead caused erosion.
The paper, titled “Archaeological Tourism in Peru: the Nazca Lines as an immense irrigation system for harvesting water-intensive crops,” will be presented at the VII International Scientific Professional Congress of Cultural Tourism broadcast on February 17-19 from Cordoba, Spain. That’s when we may hear the authors say:
It’s a bird! It’s a plain! It’s an irrigation system! It’s all of the above!
Linda Moulton Howe: UFO Disclosure Bombshells! John Greenewald & CIA UFO files
Linda Moulton Howe: UFO Disclosure Bombshells! John Greenewald & CIA UFO files
Interview with John Greenewald, Jr, from The Black Vault – https://www.theblackvault.com – CIA has 40+ years of documents – John has shared 2,800+ pages from a DVD shared with him by the CIA
ALL RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011
60+ Schoolchildren Witness A UFO Land & Extraterrestrial Beings Emerge: The “Ariel” Phenomenon
60+ Schoolchildren Witness A UFO Land & Extraterrestrial Beings Emerge: The “Ariel” Phenomenon
IN BRIEF
The Facts:
In 1994, more than 60 school children in Ruwa, Zimbabwe witnessed the landing of a spacecraft by their schoolyard. Multiple beings came out of the craft and were apparently seen by the children.
Reflect On:
All of these children told the same story, drew the same pictures and received the same telepathic messages. Many are still speaking about the incident today. It impacted and changed their lives forever.
What Happened:
One of the most interesting UFO witness cases that exists within the lore of the phenomenon comes from Ruwa, Zimbabwe in September of 1994. The encounter took place at Ariel Primary School and involved more than 60 school children who were out playing at recess. All of the children, who were in elementary school at the time, describe seeing multiple hovering objects that one would describe as “spaceships” or “UFOs” as well as multiple beings exiting the craft.
What’s fascinating about this story is that all of the children, who were interviewed by many, including Harvard psychiatrist Dr. John Mack, told the exact same story. They did so in such a precise manner and appeared to be completely sincere about their experience, something that’s not hard for children to do. Another remarkable fact about this case is that the children’s drawings of the objets and the beings were extremely consistent with one another. They were, according to Mack, clearly telling a story as if it had actually happened, they believed what they were saying and there was no evidence of psychosis or delusion among the children.
Below are some remarks from the teachers, taken from some interesting and old footage that’s been uploaded to Youtube. You can also see a few interviews with the children with John Mack and others at that time as well. What’s interesting is that many of these children are still speaking about the incident today. There’s an example of that at the end of the article.
I was able to find a few videos with the children from 1994 on Youtube ... ( videos adapted by peter2011)
They came running up here in such a panic, and even if we staged it they could have not all run together like that. They came up here like a living snake, we were in a staff meeting and we just heard them screaming and screaming…A child cannot make that up. – Teacher (From Youtube videos linked above)
I was very skeptical in the beginning as well, I believed that they had seen something, but I wasn’t prepared to accept that it was anything supernatural, but I think the consistency of what’s been going on indicates that it was more than I was prepared to admit at the beginning.” – Teacher (From Youtube videos linked above)
Some of the children were asked what they got from the experience. One of them answered that they were here to tell us that “we don’t look after the planet properly.” This is interesting, having been a researcher in the field more than 15 years I can tell you that this type of theme and communication among those who have claimed to have had contact with beings from other worlds is quite common. The children were quite shaken and left with some horrible feelings and visions that our planet may be destroyed because of our actions. One of the children in the videos linked above stated that “all the trees would go down and nobody would be able to breath.”
As mentioned above, many of the children still speak about the incident today, many of them will be featured in an upcoming documentary currently in the works, but it has yet to be released. The film is supposed to cover the story of everyone involved — the students, teachers, investigators, BBC Bureau Chief Tim Leach, Pulitzer Prize-winning Harvard psychiatrist Dr. John Mack — and includes never-before-seen interviews of the children shortly after the encounter, as well as interviews with them more than two decades later.
Below is a brief video of one of the children, Emily Trim years later speaking about the encounter. Here’s’ a video with Salma Siddick in 2018, another one of the children (at the time) from the 1994 encounter.
You can find a few more clips with some of the students as they’ve aged, here.
We will have to wait for the documentary to release for more.
The Takeaway: Extraterrestrial contact experiences among children, adults, and people from all walks of life and various professions is and has been a common theme for a very long time. For years this has been attributed to some type of “psychosis”, which is interesting because even if one of these experiences is true it has tremendous implications. We’ve come a long way since 1994, and now the existence of UFOs has been verified and confirmed, with many people with “credible” backgrounds alluding to the idea that some of these objects are most likely extraterrestrial in origin. The topic is receiving mainstream attention from establishment media mouthpieces like CNN and the New York Times.
All of this mainstream media disclosure seems to be quite rapid and it comes after many decades of what seems to have been a ridicule campaign that tossed this topic in the “conspiracy theory” bucket. I am concerned about mainstream media and “official” government disclosure of this phenomenon. This topic is quite large and vast and has tremendous implications, what we will receive from governments and mainstream media will most likely be a heavily sanitized version of disclosure as well as an attempt to control the masses perception of the phenomenon.
In my opinion, you are better off doing some independent research, and investigating cases like this one among the thousands of others. If you do, you will find astonishing corroboration and consistency among those who have claimed to have some sort of experience with beings from other worlds.
This topic has the potential to expand human consciousness and initiate a major paradigm shift for humanity. That being said, we have a lot of things we need to do here on planet Earth so we can change the human experience and make it a better one for all life that resides here, and mother Earth herself.
We’ve been writing about this topic in depth for more than 10 years. If you want to sift through our articles on the subject, you can do so here.
Alien Craft Close Encounter And Landing In Tully Australia
Alien Craft Close Encounter And Landing In Tully Australia
Pictured: It’s definitely aliens.
JANUARY 19, 1966 - TULLY AUSTRALIA
At 9:00 am on January 19, 1966, a calm sunny day, a 28 year old banana farmer named George Pedley was driving a tractor near Horseshoe Lagoon on the property of Albert Pennisi, near Tully, in tropical far north Queensland, Australia. When he was about 25 yards from the lagoon, he heard a loud hissing sound above the noise of the tractor.
Suddenly,an object rose out of the swamp. When I glanced at it, it was already 30 feet above the ground, and at about tree-top level. It was a large, grey, saucer-shaped object, convex on the top and bottom and measured some 25 feet across and 9 feet high.
While I watched, it rose another 30 feet, spinning very fast, then it made a shallow dive and took off with tremendous speed. Climbing at an angle of 45 degrees it disappeared within seconds in a south-westerly direction…
Another surprise came when Pedley rounded the bend of the road and came to the spot from which the object had risen. There in the lagoon was a large circular area that was clear of reeds and in which the water was rotating slowly. It had not been like that three hours earlier when he had passed the lagoon. After looking around, he got back on the tractor and left.
A few hours later, at about noon, Pedley returned to the lagoon for a second look. The scene had changed, because now the circular area was covered by a floating mass of green reeds that were distributed in a clockwise radial pattern.The circular mass of reeds was about 30 feet in diameter.
Pedley was by now excited enough about what he was seeing to go and tell Albert Pennisi, the owner of the sugar cane farm land on which the lagoon was located, and another friend. Pennesi recalled that his dog had acted strangely that morning, barking madly and heading off toward the lagoon at about 5:30 am.
Pennisi and the other man were amazed by the circular mass of reeds. Wading out to the mass, they found that they could swim under the mass of reeds and that the lagoon floor beneath it was smooth and showed no traces of roots.
Oddly, the outside edges of the mass of reeds angled down, similar to the shape of a saucer placed face down. Pennisi went and got his camera and took photographs of the mass of reeds, which was now beginning to turn brown on its top surface. George Pedley reported his experience to the Tully police that evening, and they in turn reported it to the RAAF after making a trip to the site the next day, January 20.
Within days, the media had picked up the event and the area was filled with investigators, many of whom were trying to prove theories as to the cause of the “nest” such as helicopters, big birds, crocodiles, reed-eating grubs, and whirlwinds of one sort or another. Pedley’s UFO sighting was all but overlooked in the flurry of explanations.
During the course of the investigations, as many as five other “nests”, all smaller than the original, were discovered. In some of these, the reeds were rotated in a counter-clockwise direction and a couple of them showed signs of burning in the center of the nest. Samples of the original nest were sent to Brisbane for analysis, but nothing unusual was detected. Other than being part of the “nest”, the only unusual thing about the reeds was that they turned brown in about 8 hours, whereas reeds uprooted by hand in the lagoon took three days to turn brown.
In another unusual twist, Albert Pennisi told a reporter from the Sydney, Australia newspaper The Sun that he had been dreaming about a UFO landing on his property for a week:
I’d get them almost every night. And they were beginning to worry me. I couldn’t understand them. It was always the same. This thing like a giant dish would come out of nowhere and land nearby.
And I would watch it in my dream and get real afraid before it went away. Then on Wednesday morning about 5 o’clock my dog suddenly seemed to go out of its mind. It was howling like a mad thing and raced off towards the lagoon.
What happened at Horseshoe Lagoon? There was never any evidence that there were any helicopters in the area nor any demonstrated reason for one to be over the lagoon. There was no evidence that crocodiles made the nest and analysis of the reeds from the nest showed no trace of “reed-eating grubs.” There was no known bird that would or could make such a nest in three hours.
The best explanation that the RAAF could offer was that the nest was created by a willy willy, a type of small whirlwind known to occur in the area.
Although a conclusive determination could not be made, the most probable explatation was that the sighting was of a “willy willy” or circular wind phenomenon which flattened the reeds and sucked up debris to a height of about 30 feet, thus forming what appeared to be a “flying saucer”, before moving off and dissipating.
Hissing noises are known to be associated with “willy willies” and the theory is also substantiated by the clockwise configuration of the depression.
However, such whirlwinds, except when they occur in the desert as dust devils, normally accompany thunderstorms, and although the Tully event occurred during the rainy season, January 19 was a sunny day with little or no wind. Pedley described what he saw as a blue-grey object shaped like two saucers face to face.
This description doesn’t sound like a whirling mass of swamp debris, and there was no fallen debris in the area where the dissipation would have occurred. Finally, how does the whirlwind explanation account for the fact that the water was clear when Pedley looked the first time, yet was covered by the mass of reeds when he looked again three hours later?
KENS NOTE:
Of course the RAAF would try to debunk the encounter with an alien craft. That was their job, in the sixties, just like the american military. The goverment did not want the public to know the truth because it would cause panic and make the goverment’s look inadequate.
Thanks in so small part to movies like Close Encounters and Signs, the imagery of UFO encounters and alien abductions is deeply tied to the American mid-west. Aliens rustle amongst fields of corn. Strange sounds emanate from big red barns. People in plaid shirts recount grabbing the shotguns out of their pickups because they saw some strange lights up in the sky and wish to respond the only way they know how. But the American heartland doesn’t have a monopoly on UFO sightings — hell, neither does the entire contiguous United States. People believing that aliens are real transcends all borders; possible UFO sightings crop up all over the world constantly, even in our tiny, huge corner of the world.
The Westall UFO Incident
Arguably the biggest incident in the Australian UFO mythos is the Westall UFO encounter. According to a combined 200 students and teachers, on April 6, 1966, a UFO was spotted hanging around over two different schools (Westall High School and Westall State School) for about 20 minutes, before landing in a nearby paddock and eventually flying off again.
The object was described as being a silvery disc with a purple hue, roughly the size of about two cars. One of the explanations put forth is that they saw a weather balloon but, 50 years later, we still have no concrete idea what all these people saw.
Studio 10 spoke to a bunch of the witnesses for a special 50th-anniversary show and a bunch of them are still pretty adamant about what they saw:
The man described seeing a blue-grey disc around 25 feet in diameter rise out of a nearby lagoon before flying off. Upon inspection, a section of the lagoon the size and shape of the saucer appeared to have formed a whirlpool ‘devoid of all plant life’. Afterwards, dead reeds started to float to the surface, forming the ‘nest’ from which the incident takes its name. According to Pedley, when he told the owner of the sugarcane farm on which the incident happened, the owner said that, a few hours before Pedley saw the saucer, his dog had been acting strangely, barking in an agitated fashion and running in the direction of the lagoon from which the saucer supposedly emerged.
Pictured: It’s definitely aliens.
Albert Pennisi, the owner of the neighbouring sugarcane farm, reportedly told a journalist from Sydney that he had been dreaming of UFOs all week before the event. Hell yeah, dude.
Nullarbor Car Jacking
Next, we cast our beady eyes on South Australia in the year 1988, when a family driving through the Nullarbor claimed to have their entire car lifted off the ground by — you guessed it — bloody aliens.
According to a wonderfully detailed dive into the story by the ABC, the Knowles family was making the long drive from Perth to Melbourne when they were ‘tormented’ by a large glowing sphere of light for 90 minutes. The glowing ball chased them before landing on the roof and lifting them clear off the ground, as described by a police spokesperson at the time:
It apparently picked the car up off the road, shook it quite violently and forced the car back down on the road with such pressure that one of the tyres was blown.
One of the family members in the car reported hearing their voices distort as if time was slowing down, either a symptom of shock or just the coolest UFO thing in the world. If that’s not creepy enough, here’s what the mum told reporters happened after it picked them up:
I wound down the window and I felt this thing on the roof… all of this smoke stuff started coming into the car, the car was covered in black stuff. It was a small light and all of a sudden it became big like this, like a big ball.
I think we can all agree: what the hell.
The Cahill Abduction
Five years later, we had the Cahill Abduction, in which a woman driving back to Melbourne from the Dandenong Ranges claimed to have been abducted by aliens in Narre Warren North. Kelly Cahill (not her actual name) and her husband Andrew reported seeing what looked like a blimp with a ‘ring of orange headlights’.
Cahill said that, as they got closer, she became blinded by the light coming from the object and then woke up later, noticing that she had lost an hour of time. It doesn’t end there though: she claimed to notice a new, triangular shaped mark on her stomach and, after a few weeks, began to recall more and more details of the abduction.
Cahill described seeing ‘skinny black figures with bulging red eyes’, in addition to seeing people in two other cars who also witnessed the abduction — although none of these people have spoken to the media outside of UFO researchers.
Pictured: Cahill’s depiction of the aliens, which are REAL.
The Disappearance Of Frederick Valentich
Keen-eyed UFO enthusiasts may have spotted a rather prominent omission from this list, which is, of course, the disappearance of Frederick Valentich in 1978. Valentich and his Mi-619-386.png (available on Cessna 182L disappeared after he reported being followed by a flying object that he described as “not an aircraft“.
I didn’t get into this one because someone else has already done the hard work for me, in the form of our Australian mysteries podcast, the All Aussie Mystery Hour (available on iTunes and Spotify). Mel and Jose get way, way deep on this one back in episode two and it is well worth your time if you reckon aliens are either a) real or b) fake but super cool.
Ball of Light, Touchet, Washington, USA 1-27-2021, UFO Sighting News.
Ball of Light, Touchet, Washington, USA 1-27-2021, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Jan 27, 2021 Location of sighting: Touchet, Washington, USA Source: MUFON #113398
This eyewitness caught about 30 seconds of a glowing ball of light moving across the tree tops in his back yard in Washington state. The ball is almost pulsating and seems to be moving slowly on purpose to watch the humans reactions on the ground. As curious as we are about different alien species...they also feel the same about us. Knowledge is the one constant in the universe...the universal gold standard valued above all else. Aliens wish to learn about us so they can report their discoveries to others and teach others what they learned. Wow, 100% proof that aliens are right in our back yards, if we just keep an eye out for them.
Bright UFO caught on tape over Touchet, Washington 27-Jan-2021
Bright UFO caught on tape over Touchet, Washington 27-Jan-2021
This huge bright UFO was filmed over Touchet, Washington on 27th January 2021.
Witness report:
Bright random light of four; hovering; quick ascent. I was raised within hours of area 51 in California, and have never witnessed a UFO until now. At the dusk of day, just off my back porch, I noticed some brightness of lights flashing, looking closer it was evident the object was stationary and hovering. Grabbing binoculars, I could make out a dome shape with four pulsating lights along it’s bottom edge. It was disappointing and unfortunate this detail was not captured in my video. After a duration of 3 minutes or so, the object ascended backwards like a shooting star, and disappeared from my sight.
In November, a new mini-moon began orbiting Earth. NASA later confirmed it’s a lost-and-found 60s-era rocket from the Surveyor 2 moon mission, launched more than 50 years ago. Now the object – SO 2020 – is coming close again for one last time. Here’s how to see it!
Strange space object 2020 SO was discovered on September 17, 2020, on approach to Earth. On November 8, it slowly drifted into Earth’s sphere of gravitational dominance, to become a new mini-moon. It’ll escape back into a new orbit around the sun in March 2021. During that time, it’ll make 2 large loops around our planet. In this image, Earth is the blue dot. The moon’s orbit is the yellow circle. 2020 SO’s trajectory is the looping pink line.
Astronomers first noticed the object now known as 2020 SO last September. Orbit models quickly showed that both the low speed and trajectory of the approaching object were unusual. The models showed that Earth would capture this object – temporarily – as a new mini-moon. And that’s what happened. 2020 SO has been orbiting Earth since November 8. Following further analysis of its motion – and a very close approach of the object (just 30,000 miles, 50,000 km or 0.13 lunar-distances) on December 1 – NASA was able to confirmthat the object is a relic of the early Space Age, a Centaur upper-stage rocket booster, once called America’s workhorse in space. Now 2020 SO is about to make one more close approach to Earth on February 2, 2021. It’ll pass farther away this time, but still within 0.58 lunar-distances (140,000 miles, or 220,000 km). Afterwards, in March 2021, Earth’s gravity will relinquish its hold on the object.
It’ll no longer be a mini-moon for Earth. Instead, it’ll be orbiting the sun.
You have a chance to see 2020 SO online. The Virtual Telescope Project in Rome will be showing the object online on the night of February 1. Italian astronomer Gianluca Masi wrote:
We will say it goodbye, live: join us from the comfort of your home!
The live feed is scheduled for the night of February 1, 2021, starting at 22:00 UTC (that’s February 1 at 4 p.m. Central, 5 p.m. Eastern, 2 p.m. Pacific in North America; translate UTC to your time). That’s when, Gianluca said, 2020 SO will be at its best above the Virtual Telescope’s robotic telescopes in central Italy. See the poster below for details and read more about this event via Virtual Telescope.
Astronomers first sighted the object on September 17 using the 71-inch (1.8-meter) Pan-STARRS1 telescope at Haleakala, Hawaii. They gave it its designation – 2020 SO – and added it as an Apollo-type asteroid in the JPL Small-Body Database.
However, 2020 SO was quickly seen to have some features that set it apart from ordinary asteroids. According to NASA/JPL calculations, the object sped past Earth’s moon at a speed of 1,880 miles per hour (3,025 km/h) or 0.84 km per second (.5 mi/sec). That is an extremely slow speed for an asteroid.
These calculations also show the apparent “slow asteroid” orbiting the sun every 1.06 years (387 days). The low relative velocity, along with the Earth-like orbit, both suggest it as an artificial object launched from our planet. Radar images showed that 2020 SO had an elongated shape estimated to be between 20 and 45 feet (6 to 14 meters), a match for the dimensions of an Atlas LV-3C Centaur-D (approximately 41 feet or 12 meters).
The confirmation that SO 2020 was indeed a lost-and-found rocket booster came from data collected at NASA’s Infrared Telescope Facility on Maunakea, Hawaii, and from orbit analyses conducted at the the Center for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. This particular rocket launched the ill-fated Surveyor 2 spacecraft toward the moon in 1966.
Paul Chodas, manager of NASA’s Near Earth Object center at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California, first suggested the object might be Surveyor 2’s lost rocket booster. Surveyor 2 was a robotic spacecraft that was launched to the moon on September 20, 1966. It was meant to be the second lunar lander in the uncrewed American Surveyor program to explore the moon. The spacecraft blasted into space atop an Atlas LV-3C Centaur-D rocket from Cape Kennedy, Florida.
A mid-course correction failure caused ground controllers to lose contact with the craft three days later, after a thruster failed to ignite. The failure caused the spacecraft to tumble and ultimately to crash near the moon’s Copernicus crater.
Unlike some rocket boosters today (which return to Earth and land on ships at sea), Surveyor 2’s rocket booster remains in space and was lost. It appears to have been pushed from its original trajectory by a small but continuous pressure from sunlight.
As it turns out, the defunct booster – now known as 2020 SO – had passed Earth unnoticed several times in the past, including a close approach in 1966, not long after it launched.
This 1964 photograph shows a Centaur upper-stage rocket before being mated to an Atlas booster. A similar Centaur was used during the launch of Surveyor 2 two years later and is currently known as 2020 SO … a new temporary mini-moon for Earth.
How could we have lost an entire 41-foot-long rocket? Space archaeologist Alice Gorman of Flinders University in Australia told ScienceAlert that – before our modern era of reuseable rockets – the rockets that launched craft into space were surprisingly easy to lose. She said:
There are so many factors in the space environment, like gravitational factors and other things that affect movement, that it can sometimes be quite unpredictable.
You have to keep tracking these things, or you can just sort of lose sight of them really easily. And if they do something a little bit unpredictable, and you look the wrong way, then you don’t know where it’s gone. It is quite astonishing, the number of things that have gone missing.
NASA explained that pressure from the sun’s radiation caused the object to change its trajectory:
The pressure exerted by sunlight is small but continuous, and it has a greater effect on a hollow object than a solid one. A spent rocket is essentially an empty tube and therefore is a low-density object with a large surface area. So it will be pushed around by solar radiation pressure more than a solid, high-density clump of rock, much like an empty soda can will be pushed by the wind more than a small stone.
This animation shows the orbit of 2020 SO as it was captured by Earth’s gravity on November 8, 2020. It will escape in March 2021. Its motion has been speeded up a million times faster than real time.
This isn’t the first time Earth has captured a mini-moon.
As you might have realized by now, space is chock-full of small asteroids. Once in a while, one of these space rocks is captured, temporarily, by our planet’s gravity, before being cast out back into the solar system at large. Two confirmed mini-moons are 2006 RH120 (in Earth orbit between 2006 and 2007), and 2020 CD3 (in our orbit between 2018 and 2020).
It’s also not the first time we’ve mistaken space junk for an asteroid.
Another small object that was initially thought to be an asteroid was WT1190F, detected in October 2015 on approach to Earth. Its trajectory suggested it was about to penetrate Earth’s atmosphere near Sri Lanka, in the Indian Ocean, an event that happens with ordinary asteroids several times every year.
As WT1190F was disintegrating in our atmosphere on November 13, 2015, scientists analyzed its light via spectroscopy.
This analysis suggested the object might be a spacecraft component or part of a spent rocket, another wandering piece of space junk returning home.
In the case of 2020 SO, its return home won’t last long. After March, the spent rocket body will be on its way again, back into a larger solar orbit. Who knows how long we’ll keep track of it this time?
2020 SO isn’t the first object thought to be an asteroid, and later realized to be human-made space junk. Here’s an object tagged as WT1190F entering Earth’s atmosphere south of Sri Lanka on November 13, 2015.
Bottom line: An “asteroid” spotted in September 2020 became a new mini-moon for Earth in November. In early December, NASA confirmed the object is a lost rocket from the Surveyor 2 mission, originally launched from Earth more than 50 years ago. Now 2020 SO is about to make a final close approach to Earth. That’ll happen on February 2. The night before, February 1, you can join an online viewing of this object.
Photos And Videos: The Ancients Had Knowledge That Surpass Ours?
Photos And Videos: The Ancients Had Knowledge That Surpass Ours?
Many preserved buildings and artefacts points out that the ancients had advanced control technology. A number of ancient buildings and paintings of deities shows all too similar to the existing people – with aircraft, missiles and space suit. The oldest working model “glider” comes from the excavations of ancient Egypt 3000 years ago before Christ.
Based on some of the advancements in artificial intelligence that have been unveiled in recent years, it seems like there are way too many people out there who’ve watched an episode of Black Mirror and thought, “Hey, that’s a great idea,” as you’re kind of missing the point if you use a show that’s devoted to highlighting the potential pitfalls of our crippling reliance on technology as a good source of inspiration.
I’m sure most of the people who’ve devoted their lives to figuring out how to harness the power of artificial intelligence have good intentions, but the same could be said for the researchers who brought Jurassic Park to life (and we all know how well that worked out for them). There’s no denying that it’s wild to live in a world where we can “talk” with people after they’ve died and even have a computer predict when you’re going to die, but as the aforementioned movie taught us, it’s easy to get so preoccupied with whether or not you can do something to take a second to ask yourself if you should.
Natural and artificial intelligence
DEPOSITPHOTOS ENHANCED BY COGWORLD
Whenever Boston Dynamics releases a video showcasing a new skill one of its robots has learned, there’s always an avalanche of people who respond by joking about the “robot overlords” that will eventually bring humanity to its knees. However, there’s plenty of evidence that suggests that outcome isn’t a laughing matter, as some people who more know about A.I. than I ever will believe that dystopian future is a very real possibility.
Now, we have even more proof courtesy of researchers at the Max-Planck Institute for Humans and Machines, who recently published a paper in The Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research with a fun little title containing the words “Superintelligence Cannot Be Contained,” which is totally, definitely not a cause for concern whatsoever.
The authors of the paper took a closer look at the “Three Laws of Robotics” author Isaac Asimov famously said could prevent an I, Robot scenario from unfolding, which appear to be about as foolproof in the real world as they were in that work of fiction.
Shutterstock
While some experts have posited you can control A.I. by limiting its access to the internet or writing algorithms in an attempt to control its behavior, the chance of those strategies actually working becomes increasingly unlikely as humans willingly push the limits of what artificial intelligence can do, with researcher Iyad Rahwan saying:
“The ability of modern computers to adapt using sophisticated machine learning algorithms makes it even more difficult to make assumptions about the eventual behavior of a superintelligent AI.”
The Dragon’s Triangle, an area of Japan that is said to be similar to the Bermuda Triangle―and it has been a thousand years since the Japanese have been aware of this deadly dangerous zone. From the beginning, they call it “Ma-no Umi” means the “Devil’s Sea.”
For several centuries sailors have reported countless numbers of fishing boats disappearing within the Devil’s Sea limits. Legend has it that dragons rise to the surface of the water to drag boats and their crew members into the deep seabed!
Charles Berlitz, the man who first put forth the idea of the Bermuda Triangle, wanted to repeat the blow for the Devil’s Sea in Japan. He called it the “Dragon’s Triangle” in his book, “The Dragon’s Triangle” on the subject published in 1989. According to Berlitz, between 1952 and 1954, five Japanese military ships and 700 crewmen disappeared in this mysterious triangle.
The Devil’s Sea Zone – The Dragon’s Triangle:
The Devil’s Sea Map – The Dragon’s Triangle, Philippines Sea, Japan. Adjacent to Dragon’s Triangle, the Mariana Trench is located in the Pacific Ocean, just east of the 14 Mariana Islands. As you probably already know, it is the deepest part of the earth’s oceans, and the deepest location of the earth itself. It was created by ocean-to-ocean subduction, a phenomenon in which a plate topped by oceanic crust is subducted beneath another plate topped by oceanic crust.
The Devil’s Sea is actually a part of the Philippines Sea which follows an imaginary line that goes from western Japan, north of Tokyo, to the tip of the Pacific and returns east through the Ogasawara Islands and Guam to Japan again. Like Bermuda, it also forms a similar type of the triangular-shaped zone. Starting from western Japan, north of Tokyo, it follows a line to a point in the Pacific which is about 145 degrees east latitude. Both are located in 35 degrees west latitude, respectively. But the similarities do not end here, the two zones are in the eastern end of the mainland and stretched to the deep part of waters where the sea is driven by strong currents over active underwater volcanic areas.
The Special Characteristics Of The Devil’s Sea Zone:
The Dragon’s Triangle is an area of great seismic activity, with a seabed in which the transformation continues and some parts of the land emerge to 12,000 meters deep. Those islets and masses of land had emerged and disappeared before they could be drawn on maps. There are navigational letters and documents that included a few of those vanished lands in which many experienced sailors used to land in ancient times.
A Historic Japanese Legend Of The Devil’s Sea:
The invincible Mongol Emperor, Kublai Khan planned to invade Japan in 1281 through the Devil’s Sea route but two mysterious storms supposedly protected Japan from being conquered by Mongol hordes.
The Japanese legend conveys that “kamikaze,” or “divine winds” were called upon by the emperor of Japan. These winds turned into two dreadful storms over the Devil’s Sea that sank a fleet of 900 Mongol ships carrying 40,000 soldiers. Then the devastated fleet had left from mainland China, and it was supposed to meet a southern fleet of 100,000 troops to overwhelm Japanese defenders.
Instead, Kublai Khan’s forces fought to a stalemate after 50 days, and the Japanese repelled the invaders when Khan’s forces retreated and many soldiers deserted.
Utsuro-Bune – Another Japanese Legend Conveying A Strange Story:
The famous Japanese legend of “Utsuro-bune,” which literally means ‘hollow ship’ in the Japanese, refers to an unknown object that allegedly washed ashore in 1803 in Hitachi province on the eastern coast of Japan (close to Tokyo and the Dragon’s Triangle).
Accounts of Utsuro-bune, also known as Utsuro-fune and Urobune appear in three Japanese texts: Toen shōsetsu (1825), Hyōryū kishū (1835) and Ume-no-chiri (1844).
According to legend, an attractive young woman aged 18-20 years old, arrived on a local beach aboard the “hollow ship” on February 22, 1803. Fishermen brought her inland to investigate further, but the woman was unable to communicate in Japanese. She was very different than anyone there.
Ink drawing of the Utsuro-bune by Nagahashi Matajirou (1844).
The woman had red hair and eyebrows, the hair elongated by artificial white extensions. The extensions could have been made of white fur or thin, white-powdered textile streaks. This hairstyle cannot be found in any literature. The skin of the lady was a very pale pink colour. She wore precious, long and smooth clothes of unknown fabrics.
Although the mysterious woman appeared friendly and courteous, she acted oddly, for she always clutched a quadratic box made of pale material and around 24 inches in size. The woman did not allow anyone to touch the box, no matter how kindly or pressingly the witnesses asked. The fishermen then returned her and her vessel to the sea, where it drifted away.
Now, many believe that she was an intelligent extraterrestrial being who had accidentally come to earth from another world through her space ship (Utsuro-bune).
However, the credibility of these books has been questioned by many historians, but it has been verified that these books were written before 1844, well before the modern era of UFO.
For thousands of years, the inhabitants of the area have described the Dragon’s Triangle as an extremely dangerous place because there have been occurred several strange disappearances and bizarre events that are still unexplained. A long list of fishing boats, large warships and aircraft of all kinds just disappeared with all their crew in the evil triangle.
Every time the last radio communications to which they are unanswered, one would think that it is spatiotemporal distensions and deviations of crew members’ consciousness that prevent communication. It has been verified that the magnetic activity of the zone is also similar to the Bermuda triangle, which is greater than any other place on earth. However, no one has still been able to explain that this unusual magnetic activity is the actual cause of the disappearances or not.
On the other hand, old folklore speaks of the dragons that appear from the depths to swallow a whole ship or even an island and that return to the bottom of the sea without leaving a trace.
According to another Japanese legend, the Dragon’s Triangle boasts the “Sea Devil” in its deepest part, where it has an ancient city frozen in time forever. People also claim to have witnessed phantom ships suddenly appear as if they ascend from the depths to disappear after a while.
The Devil’s Sea – An Intense Interest Of The World’s Intellectuals And An Unforgettable Tragedy:
The Dragon’s Triangle became the centre of world research and naval interests when warships, fishing boats and aircraft were all revoked from their regular route through the Devil’s Sea zone.
In 1955, the Japanese government financed a research ship, the “Kaiyo Maru 5,” to study the Devil’s Sea. But the boat disappeared with all the scientists who were integrating the expedition, which forced the Japanese government to “officially” label the area as a dangerous zone.
Besides all the unnatural deaths and disappearances, there are reports of UFO sightings and the mystical thick fog that looms large this area of the Pacific, appearing and disappearing mysteriously. Just like the Bermuda Triangle, the activities of extraterrestrial vessels can be experienced there frequently.
The Possible Explanations For The Dragon Triangle Mystery:
For the past few decades, people from all around the world are trying there best to explain the strange phenomena that have been taken place for millennia. However, there are really some fascinating facts and theories about the Dragon’s Triangle that you should know about.
1. The Magnetic Poles Connection:
One theory tends to a strange connection between the magnetic poles of the two triangles, the Bermuda and the Dragon Triangle, that creates a spatiotemporal duplicate of each other. Mystery lovers claim that the Bermuda and Dragon’s triangles are at the opposite side of each other, and that a straight line could be easily drawn between them through the centre of the Earth. Even if it was true, it would not explain the dangers inherent in any of the zones.
However, the reality is that there are mainly these two areas on earth where huge ships and aircraft inexplicably disappear with all its crew without leaving a trace or signs of life.
Nowadays, many even believe that there is an underwater extraterrestrial base at the bottom of the Devil’s Sea, and that the infamous dragons of the triangle are actually UUO―Unidentified Underwater Objects.
There are mainly five types of unidentified objects in Ufology:
UFO signifies the Unidentified Flying Object
AFO signifies the Amphibious Flying Object
UAO signifies the Unidentified Aquatic Object
UNO signifies the Unidentified Nautical Object
UUO signifies the Unidentified Underwater Object
According to the believers, the advanced base is located in the extreme depths of the Devil’s Sea, which is about 12,000 meters deep in the ocean, and that they would cause the magnetic anomalies and abductions of ships, but for what purpose?!
3. Geomagnetic Disturbances:
Scientists specializing in different subjects: geologists, meteorologists, physicists, astronomers, etc. have dragged another explanation for the Dragon’s Triangle mysteries. According to them, there are twelve zones of great geomagnetic disturbances on the planet. Two of them are the North and South Poles and five of the rest ten are closely linked to the Dragon Triangle zone―that’s how the place shows such unusual geomagnetic disturbances. These disturbances distract aircraft and ships.
4. Parallel Universe And A Huge Vortex:
Another truly engrossing cutting edge explanation comes from the existence of the parallel universe. According to this theory:
There is indeed a huge Vortex in Dragon’s Triangle (or such any other spots) that opens on another world, a parallel world consists of anti-matter and that absorbs people, masses or even light and time.
At the origin of the universe, the matter was not alone to appear, anti-matter accompanied it in equal quantities. Thus matter and anti-matter separately formed two distinct Universe: a universe of matter and a universe of anti-matter.
These two universes coexist within the same “space,” but not within the same “time.” Time separates them. It is this temporal difference that forms a “barrier” between them and prevents them from mixing. If this were not the case, matter and anti-matter would totally destroy themselves in contact with each other. This separation is therefore essential.
These universes have evolved at the same pace, in the same stages, and have both populated the same galaxies composed of stars and planets, but these galaxies are distributed differently in space from one universe to another. In other words, galaxies and anti-galaxies occupy different places in space.
Each star and planet in each matter universe galaxy has a twin in another anti-matter universe galaxy. Our world is no exception. The Earth has a twin Earth of anti-matter called the “Dark Twin”, an anti-Earth that vibrates at a frequency higher than that of the Earth, because it is more evolved than it.
Each star and planet in the universe of matter are connected to their anti-matter twin by an “energy bridge,” a magnetic Vortex.
Among the various hypotheses put forward, the most plausible is the Atlantean hypothesis. Indeed, the destruction of Poseidia, the largest and the last of the seven islands that formed Atlantis, left at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean a giant Crystal emitting powerful electromagnetic radiation that fed the Atlanteans with energy.
It would be this huge Crystal, always active, that would disturb the magnetic Vortex connecting the Earth to its twin anti-matter. Its hyper-powerful radiation would cross the Earth from side to side and connect the “Bermuda Triangle” to the “Dragon’s Triangle” in a huge energy loop whose random fluctuations would occasionally open a Vortex, the spatiotemporal “door” to the Earth’s “Dark Twin.”
In 1986, while looking for a suitable place to observe the sharks, Kihachiro Aratake, a director of the Yonaguni-Cho Tourism Association, noticed some singular seabed formations resembling architectural structures. The strange structures are now widely known as the “Yonaguni Monument,” or the “Yonaguni Submarine Ruins.”
Yonaguni Monument, Japan
It is a submerged rock formation off the coast of Yonaguni Island, the southernmost of the Ryukyu Islands, in Japan. It lies approximately a hundred kilometres east of Taiwan. To make things even stranger, the Yonaguni Monument is situated within the Devil’s Sea triangle that has led many to believe that the underwater structures are remains of the lost city Atlantis.
Conclusion:
It is true that, with this one single page article, we can’t draw a proper conclusion to all those strange things that have been occurring in the Devil’s Sea since more than a thousand years ago. The truth is that it’s still unknown what really happens in the Devil’s Sea. But scientists have concluded all these oddities saying that the disappearances are due to the fact that this place has intense magnetic alterations, which cause aircraft and ships to become disoriented when entering the triangle. However, what really happens there is still an unsolved mystery.
For some time, people have debated whether or not human beings could spontaneously combust, or burst into flames, without an external heat source. However, over the past 300 years, there have been more than 200 reports of such incidents occurring. This phenomenon is called spontaneous human combustion (or SHC) and it occurs when a person supposedly burns to death by a fire believed to have started from within the body of that person. Of the hundreds of accounts on record, there seems to be a similar pattern.
A solitary victim is often consumed by flame, usually inside his or her home. However, the extremities, such as the hands, feet, or parts of the leg, often remaining intact. The torso and head are charred beyond recognition and, in rare cases, the internal organs of a victim remain unscathed.
The room the victim was in usually shows little to no signs of fire, aside from a greasy residue left on furniture and walls. Often there is a sweet, smoky smell in the room where the incident has occurred.
Historic Cases of Spontaneous Human Combustion
The history of SHC can be traced back to medieval literature and some even believe there are several passages in the Bible making reference to it.
In 1641, the Danish physician, Thomas Bartholin (1616-1680), described the death of Polonus Vorstius in his book Historiarum Anatomicarum Rariorum , a collection of strange medical phenomena.
Vorstius was an Italian knight, who, while at his home in Milan, Italy in 1470, drank some strong wine and started vomiting flames before bursting into fire. This is considered to be the first recorded account of spontaneous combustion in human history.
In 1673, French author Jonas Dupont, published a book entitled De Incendiis Corporis Humani Spontaneis, which is a collection of cases and studies on the subject of spontaneous human combustion.
One famous incident from France dates back to 1725, when a Parisian innkeeper was awoken by the smell of smoke and discovered that his wife, Nicole Millet, had been reduced to ashes while lying on a straw pallet, which itself had been untouched by the flames.
All that remained of Madame Millet, a chronic alcoholic, was her skull, a few bones from her back, and lower legs. Wooden items found around her were undamaged. Her husband was charged with murder and initially found guilty.
On appeal, however, the judges agreed with his defense of “spontaneous human combustion,” thanks in part to the testimony of a surgeon named Dr. Claude-Nicolas Le Cat. Le Cat was at the inn when the smell of smoke awoke the house and Nicole’s body was discovered. Her death was later declared to be the consequence of “a visitation of God.”
Spontaneous human combustion became popularized in the 19th century after famous English author Charles Dickens used it to kill off one of his characters in the novel Bleak House . When critics accused Dickens of trying to validate something that didn’t exist, he simply pointed to existing research showing 30 historical cases at the time.
Illustration of the spontaneous human combustion case in Bleak House by Charles Dickens
Common Characteristics of Spontaneous Human Combustion Victims
The topic of SHC received coverage in the British Medical Journal in 1938 when an article by L.A. Parry cited a book published in 1823 called Medical Jurisprudence . It stated that cases of spontaneous human combustion shared several common themes including:
the victims were chronic alcoholics;
they were usually elderly females;
the body had burned spontaneously, but some lighted substance had also come into contact with it;
the hands and feet usually fell off;
the fire had caused very little damage to many other combustible things in contact with the body;
the combustion of the body has left a residue of greasy and fetid ashes, very offensive in odor.
Alcoholism seems to have played a heavy role in early references to SHC, partially because some Victorian era physicians and writers believed spontaneous human combustion was caused by it.
The Wick Effect: A Scientific Explanation for SHC
There are several theories as to what causes SHC apart from the above-mentioned alcoholism. These include: flammable body fat, acetone buildup, static electricity, methane, bacteria, stress, and even divine intervention.
The theory explaining SHC which is most approved by science is called the “wick effect.” It likens the body of an SHC victim to a candle. A candle is composed of a wick on the inside surrounded by a wax made of flammable fatty acids. Fire ignites the wick and the fatty wax keeps it burning.
In the human body, the body fat acts as the flammable substance, while the victim's clothing or hair is the wick. A cigarette might set fire to a person’s clothing then split their skin, releasing subcutaneous fat, which in turn is absorbed into the burned clothing. As the fat melts from the heat, it soaks into the clothing, acting as a “wax-like substance” to keep the "wick" burning. The burning continues for as long as there is fuel available. Proponents of this theory say it explains why victims' bodies are destroyed yet their surroundings are barely burned.
Author and biology professor Brian J Ford offers another explanation for SHC. He says that an acetone build-up is likely at the root of this bizarre phenomenon:
“When a person is ill they sometimes naturally produce traces of acetone in the body, and acetone is highly inflammable. I experimented with scale model humans using pig flesh that had been marinated in acetone; they burn like incendiary bombs. Alcoholism can cause people to produce acetone, as can many diseases. My conclusion is that an unwell individual produces high levels of acetone which accumulates in the fatty tissues and can be ignited, perhaps by a static spark or a cigarette.”
Something that should be taken into consideration is the fact that cases of SHC almost always occur indoors, to lone humans, and often near sources of heat. For example, there are almost no known instances of spontaneous human combustion happening in the middle of the street.
Another point to consider is that the phenomenon only seems to happen to humans, there are no known reported cases of animals suddenly catching fire.
Also, the "wick effect" doesn’t seem to fully explain why the victims remain motionless during the episode of combustion and burning, nor does it provide enough explanation why surrounding furniture is so often unaffected by the fire.
Furthermore, believers in SHC point to the fact that the human body has to reach a temperature of roughly 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit (1,648 degrees Celsius) in order to be reduced to complete ashes, which has been the case with many of the victims found. By comparison, cremating a human body is carried out at a temperature between 1400 and 1800 degrees Fahrenheit (982 degrees Celsius).
Modern Spontaneous Human Combustion Cases
Cases of SHC aren’t simply the stuff of old wives tales or confined strictly to books of antiquity. For instance, a more modern example took place in Ireland in 2010.
The burned body of an elderly man was found lying with his head near the fireplace of his apartment in a room that had virtually no fire damage. There were no burn marks on the floor, on the ceiling directly above him, or anywhere else in the room. An Irish coroner would later rule that spontaneous combustion was the cause of the death of 76-year-old Michael Faherty.
Another modern case of possible SHC occurred in 2017. The Independent reported that a 70-year-old man suddenly burst into flames “in unexplained circumstances in a London street.” The Fire Brigade’s investigation “found no evidence of an “accelerant” that would have spread the flames” and the man’s death was treated as “unexplained.” Could this be another case of spontaneous human combustion?
Many people believe that there is much about the human body which makes it unique among earthly beings and there are aspects of humans that are still unknown to us. One such feature is the phenomenon of spontaneous human combustion, which remains an unsolved mystery .
Spontaneous human combustion remains an unsolved mystery.
Most people are familiar with the story of Atlantis, the legendary sunken city as described by the ancient Greek philosopher Plato. Till this day, opinion is still divided as to whether this story should be understood literally or taken merely as a morality tale. Further east in the subcontinent of India is a similar tale, though it probably is less well known compared to that of Atlantis. This is the ‘lost continent’ of Lemuria, frequently connected to the legend of Kumari Kandam by speakers of the Tamil language.
The term Lemuria has its origins in the latter part of the 19 th century. The English geologist Philip Sclater was puzzled by the presence of lemur fossils in Madagascar and India but not in mainland Africa and the Middle East. Thus, in his 1864 article entitled ‘The Mammals of Madagascar’, Sclater proposed that Madagascar and India were once part of a larger continent, and named this missing landmass ‘Lemuria’. Sclater’s theory was accepted by the scientific community of that period as the explanation of the way lemurs could have migrated from Madagascar to India or vice versa in ancient times. With the emergence of the modern concepts of continental drift and plate tectonics, however, Sclater’s proposition of a submerged continent was no longer tenable. Yet, the idea of a lost continent refused to die, and some still believe that Lemuria was an actual continent that existed in the past.
One such group is the Tamil nationalists. The term Kumari Kandam first appeared in the 15 th century Kanda Puranam, the Tamil version of the Skanda Puranam. Yet, stories about an ancient land submerged by the Indian Ocean have been recorded in many earlier Tamil literary works. According to the stories, there was a portion of land that was once ruled by the Pandiyan kings and was swallowed by the sea. When narratives about Lemuria arrived in colonial India, the country was going through a period when folklore was beginning to permeate historic knowledge as facts. As a result, Lemuria was quickly equated with Kumari Kandam.
The story of Kumari Kandam is not regarded as just a story, but seems to be laden with nationalistic sentiments. It has been claimed that the Pandiyan kings of Kumari Kandam were the rulers of the whole Indian continent, and that Tamil civilisation is the oldest civilisation in the world. When Kumari Kandam was submerged, its people spread across the world and founded various civilisations, hence the claim that the lost continent was also the cradle of human civilisation.
So, how much truth is there in the story of Kumari Kandam? According to researchers at India’s National Institute of Oceanography, the sea level was lower by 100 m about 14,500 years ago and by 60 m about 10,000 years ago. Hence, it is entirely possible that there was once a land bridge connecting the island of Sri Lanka to mainland India. As the rate of global warming increased between 12,000 and 10,000 years ago, the rising sea levels resulted in periodic flooding. This would have submerged prehistoric settlements that were located around the low-lying coastal areas of India and Sri Lanka. Stories of these catastrophic events may have been transmitted orally from one generation to another and finally written down as the story of Kumari Kandam.
One piece of evidence used to support the existence of Kumari Kandam is Adam’s Bridge (also called Rama’s Bridge), a chain of limestone shoals made up of sand, silt and small pebbles located in the Palk Strait extending 18 miles from mainland India to Sri Lanka. This strip of land was once believed to be a natural formation, however, others argue that images taken by a NASA satellite depict this land formation to be a long broken bridge under the ocean's surface.
The location of Adam's Bridge between India and Sri Lanka
The existence of a bridge in this location is also supported by another ancient legend. The Ramayana tells the tale of Sita, Rama’s wife, being held captive on the island of Lanka. Rama commissions a massive building project to construct a bridge to transport his army of Vanara (ape men) across the ocean to Lanka.
As with most so-called myths, it seems likely that there is at least some truth to the ancient Tamil legends of Kumari Kandam, but just how much, is yet to be determined.
VIDEO: Secret Video Archive Of UFO Recordings Released.
VIDEO: Secret Video Archive Of UFO Recordings Released.
Area 51 is the most secret and most protected area of the world by the US military. What is hidden in the bowels of an inaccessible base? North of Las Vegas, near the Nevada desert territory is the size of 15,000 km square. It is the most secret and most protected area of the world by the US military – Area 51. This is an area where the first conducted underground tests of nuclear weapons and where was the secret US military exercises. Later, there began research and training flights with the latest types of combat aircraft of the US Air Force. The base circulating different stories and myths, in particular regarding the existence of UFOs. It was built in 1957 as a military research center in drying lake.
Edwin Starr once asked the musical question: “War – what is it good for?” and provided the musical answer: “Absolutely nothing.” You could “say it again” about black holes. While all of their negative qualities are well known – sucking up everything within their gravitational pull, including light – no one seems to have figured out what they might be good for … until now. An astrophysicist at New York’s Columbia University claims their energy can be harvested and used to power anything that needs massive amounts of fuel – and that is the best way for us to discover black-hole-sucking extraterrestrials. If they can do that, do we really want to meet them?
“Black holes are commonly surrounded by a hot ‘soup’ of plasma particles that carry a magnetic field. Our theory shows that when magnetic field lines disconnect and reconnect, in just the right way, they can accelerate plasma particles to negative energies and large amounts of black hole energy can be extracted.”
Physicists Luca Comisso from Columbia University and partner Felipe Asenjo from Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez in Chile explain in a university press release the essence of their new paper, published in the journal Physical Review D. They theorize that this “hot soup of plasma” is generating energy just outside the event horizon of the black hole where it can be collected in a theoretical giant receptacle by a civilization intelligent enough to pull it off. Knowing we’re not that civilization, Comisso sticks with food to explain in simpler terms how this all works.
“It is like a person could lose weight by eating candy with negative calories. This might sound weird, but it can happen in a region called the ergosphere, where the spacetime continuum rotates so fast that every object spins in the same direction as the black hole.”
You heard what he said — negative calories!
It certainly does sound weird, but Asenjo further explains that it’s the high velocity between captured and escaping plasma particles that shoots out the stream of energy-charged – a process that beats the efficiency of any power plant on Earth.
“We calculated that the process of plasma energization can reach an efficiency of 150 percent, much higher than any power plant operating on Earth. Achieving an efficiency greater than 100 percent is possible because black holes leak energy, which is given away for free to the plasma escaping from the black hole.”
And it’s FREE! No wonder the smart aliens are pumping it into the galactic spaceships or fueling their death stars or whatever they might be using it for. We pitiful humans obviously can’t do this, even if we were less than 1,000 light years from the nearest black hole. However, we’re smart enough to figure out what this black hole energy extraction process might look like from far away, and that is what Comisso says will lead us to that superior alien civilization.
And maybe them to us?
We would LOVE to meet you pitiful humans.
Perhaps the words of Edwin Starr apply here too:
“What is it good for? Absolutely nothing. Say it again.”
Every once in a while there is a case in the field that really raises eyebrows. These are the cases in which even the most open-minded and willing to believe are sometimes left speechless and wondering what to think. Such stories have become almost legendary within the field, and one of these is certainly the time a supposed Venusian emissary was a guest at the Pentagon.
In the winter of 1967, Harley Andrew Byrd, nephew to the late Rear Admiral Richard R.E. Byrd of the United States Navy, who was a high ranking official at the Pentagon in Washington D.C. and a part of Project Blue Book, got a harried and panicked call from the Police Department in Alexandria, Virginia. According to him, two policemen reported that they had seen a UFO had landed in a field, and a that tall man dressed in white had emerged, claiming to be from “The High Council” and calling himself “Valiant Thor.” This being was then purportedly picked up and taken to the Pentagon, where he was introduced to the Under Secretary of Defense, as well as Secretary of Defense Neil H McElroy, and then given VIP status and hurried off to see the president of the United States himself, Dwight D. Eisenhower, as well as the vice-president at the time, Richard Nixon. According to Byrd, Valiant Thor was from Venus, and spent some amount of time at the Pentagon speaking to the president about the world’s problems, and Byrd would say:
Commander James was on duty at the Security Clearance and Review for the branch officer of the Project Blue Book. He oversaw the meeting through official channels and reported the landing and meeting of the “space emissary”, as he was labeled by the Department of Defense, to a governing group of high military officials including Secretary of Defense F.F. Forestall and other scientific men of which there were twelve. They in turn made recommendations to the President and Cabinet members, the CIA, FBI, NSA, and so on. The landing of Valiant Thor was perhaps the first documented landing of a human-type alien by military officials. He contacted an individual in the Pentagon who was an advocate of the UFO alien situation. “Nancy Warren” in turn contacted a minister, who was also a private investigator and theologian, a Dr. Frank E. Stranges, who then met with this individual. Dr. Stranges had been a guest speaker at the National Evangelistic Center for two weeks.
Val Thor landed in Alexandria and met with the President to discuss the world’s problems and offer advice and counsel on how to deal with and eliminate them. He indicated to Mr. Eisenhower that the world was in a precarious situation and that if the world continued to proceed on a war footing – it would cause an economic imbalance throughout the world. He indicated that his race of people lived and dwelled underground and that many of the planets throughout the universe sustain life in this same manner. He also mentioned the waves of aliens who would land around the world to help with the Earth’s seemingly insurmountable problems. He stated that a group from a distant planetary system would be coming to give aid and data to help the Earth’s progress.
Alleged photo of Valiant Thor
Richard Nixon was apparently fascinated by Val Thor, and allegedly said to him:
You have certainly caused a stir… for an out-of-Towner. Of course, we are not totally convinced of anything just yet. But suffice it to say we are checking and double checking everything you say and do. When Sergeant Young from Alexandria radioed in and stated that you had just landed in a flying saucer, we thought Sergeant Young had flipped. Say, were you in on that UFO flap over Washington? You certainly had us all in a dither, if you were.
Frank E. Stranges would have a personal meeting with the entity and give much information of these interactions between Valiant Thor and the government in his book on the matter, the 1967 Stranger at the Pentagon, and would also go into depth about the alien’s appearance and behaviors. Stranges said that Val Thor looked like a perfectly normal human being, except that he had six fingers on each hand and could live for 500 years, and it also turned out that he wasn’t alone, having actually arrived with three companions, called Donn, Jill, and Taniya. Val Thor supposedly told him that they had been watching humanity closely since the atomic bombs in World War II, and sought to “begin a new era in knowledge, wisdom and understanding on our planet.” Curiously, Stranges would also claim that Valiant Thor had a deep interest in Christianity, even going as far as to say that Jesus was in fact an alien from outer space, and had spread His word across the galaxy. This might not be so surprising since Stranges just happened to be a travelling Evangelical preacher, and he would say:
He told me that his purpose in coming was to help mankind return to the Lord. He spoke in positive terms…always with a smile on his face. He said that man was further away from God than ever before, but there was still a good chance if man looks in the right place.
Apparently, Valiant Thor stayed there in Washington D.C. for a full 3 years on his mysterious mission, before suddenly dematerializing in 1960 to return to his home planet. The story was published in Stranges’ book and went on to become firmly entrenched in UFO lore as one of the most completely bizarre accounts on record, going on to be much discussed and debated, and even appearing on TV shows and in the media. However, if you have been paying attention so far you may perhaps see why it has all drawn skeptics to it like moths to a flame. The list of gripes against this outlandish tale is long. For one, Venus is far from what one would consider a traditionally habitable planet, so why would it produce a race of beings nearly indistinguishable from humans? Also, where is all of the evidence? He was here for 3 years, yet the only evidence that has been offered are some photographs of a man in a suit said to be him and one of a group of some clean-cut young people who Stranges claims to be Val, Donn, Jill, and Tanyia, but who seriously could be anyone at all. it is all pretty flimsy at best.
Valiant Thor and his Venusian friends
Another is that the credentials of Stranges and others involved in this case have been seriously called into question. There is no independent verification that Stranges ever had top security clearance at the Pentagon, and his self-proclaimed credentials have also been challenged, such as his assertion that he has Ph.Ds. in psychology, philosophy, and criminology, as there is no evidence that he ever earned such diplomas. It is curious, as he often calls himself Dr. Stranges despite being unable to prove that this actually fits. Indeed, there is no real corroboration on any of the people involved in any way. There is no evidence that a Harley Andrew Byrd ever had such top clearance at the Pentagon, or even that he had any relation to Admiral Byrd at all. Brian Dunning at the site Skeptoid would say of him:
“Harley Andrew Byrd” is probably not who he says he is. Records on Ancestry.com can’t really confirm or disprove the possibility that Admiral Byrd had a nephew by this name, but his story requires that he would have held a senior role at Project Blue Book with top security clearance and over a year of training behind him, all by the age of 18. When he went on Art Bell’s Coast to Coast AM radio show in 1995 it went south very quickly. He told ridiculous stories of Admiral Byrd’s adventures, including that the admiral entrusted him as a young boy with secret diaries telling of his contacts with aliens and Nazis. One listener wrote:
“[Harley Byrd] talks nonsense, makes all manner of bizarre claims about greys, sasquatch, Aryans, and other alien types, and assiduously commercializes the whole for profit… Harley Byrd is actually a huckster [who] merely poses as Byrd’s grandson to sell these bogus diaries.”
It certainly is all pretty out-there, and is likely to be scoffed at by most in the general mainstream. There are plenty of inconsistencies and red flags in the story, and yet it has become a pretty indelible mainstay within the field. For some it is one of those persistent stories we like to brush under the carpet and pretend doesn’t exist. For others it is a point of debate and discussion. For others still it is enough to make one just shrug their shoulders and wonder. Was Stranges telling the truth or is this all complete woo woo nonsense? Whichever side you fall on, the story of Valiant Thor has become fairly legendary, and at the very least is another one of the many other truly bizarre cases that inevitably pop up from time to time.
Ireland is an ancient land, most often associated with the likes of tall tales, folklore, supernatural creatures and rolling green hills.
What doesn’t generally come to mind is UFO sightings. Saying that there has been quite the number of them over the years.
Ever wondered if there is life above? Well, check out these top five mysterious UFO sightings in Irish skies.
5. The Family Encounter, Dublin
This UFO sighting took place in Dublin in January 2014. Standing, staring at the night sky, a woman and her two daughters all experience an inexplicable sight: three alien bodies moving across the canopy of the stars.
“Myself and my two daughters seen what looked like stars moving across the sky a couple of weeks ago, fascinated by them we decided to have a look out for them tonight.
They are actually satellites but as we were looking at them my eldest daughter shouted out ‘Oh my god what the heck are they.’
She pointed them out to her sister who also seen them, my eye did not catch them for a few seconds but when I see them I was shocked.
What looked like to be 3 triangular shapes speed across the sky with no lights/noise then watched through my binoculars to see what looked like the 3 objects disappear into thin air.
I was very shocked and asked my daughters exactly what they had seen before me, they described the UFOs the way I did and said they were flying in the shape of a V just like the way some birds do.
But there was not a chance of them being birds they were too big, going to fast and there were no flapping wings.”
4.The Bright Light, Dundalk
This UFO encounter happened just a few years earlier in November 2008. Located in Dundalk, County Louth a local resident spotted a bright light from the conservatory in their home.
“Walked out of the sunroom at the back of the house facing south and glanced up at the night sky because it was so clear.
A bright white object (steady on, did not flicker), [the] same size as the north star but at low altitude (about a mile high maybe), edged in pale blue at times, was travelling at speed from left to right (east to west) in a ‘perfect horizontal line’.
It made no sound and I observed it move across the sky for three to four seconds before it disappeared (or turned off its lights) just before it would have escaped from my view anyway.
Definitely not a plane or helicopter, it moved far, far too quickly, but not as quick as a shooting star. My guess is it came in from the direction of the sea as seemed to be heading inland.”
3. The Pulsating Orb, Donegal
This personal account comes from December in 2005. When driving through Glenveigh National Park in County Donegal, two friends get a rare chance to truly observe a UFO sighting at leisure.
“I was driving with a friend from Letterkenny to Doochary through Glenveigh National Park and as we descended towards Lough Barra I could see a big blue circular light about a metre or more in diameter positioned on the rock face of Crockfadda at about 330 metres up the mountain.
As we drove closer to the lake (seen below) the blue light was directly above us to our right about 2/3rds of the way up the rock face.
The light grew more intense and was pulsating in colour from dark to electric blue but with little flare light or discernable pattern […]
The light was visible for the several minutes we sat there and I would gladly have sat on and watched it but my friend wanted to get back to the house and the light was still visible as we drove away to the south.”
2. An Encounter With Friends, Carlow
This encounter took place in November 2008 in Carlow Centre, County Carlow. Oftentimes UFO encounters are considered fake due to the lack of eyewitnesses; in this account, however, there are three individuals who witness the exact same thing.
“A clear evening in early November 2008 myself and my two friends were making our way home after a night at the movies.
When we reached a street close to my own my two friends had stopped to speak with someone as this was happening I was looking towards a friends house and over the house was a blue light shaped hovering object…My friends then noticed it and turned next to me to observe the strange light.
The three of us watched the object hover for a brief second and then flashed a light of great intensity…the object had disappeared in the middle of the flash.
We discussed as we walked home confused and perplexed, we thought that maybe it was lightning but no sound followed and then we thought of fireworks but again the lack of sound eliminated that possibility.
It was dead silent very eerie afterwards.”
1. The Lake Encounter, Mayo
This experience took place in June 2006 on Rooskey lake in the Ox Mountains in County Mayo. Again, more than one person witnessed this strange sighting.
“I was rowing a boat for a fly angler on Rooskey lake. I work there and we were fishing for trout in the late evening sedge hatch.
As the angle was fishing a movement in the sky caught my eye… Initially, it looked as if a bright star was moving about the sky erratically up, down and sideways while falling but coming towards us…
I asked the angler to look up. He said, my goodness what is that? Exactly I said… The object was getting bigger. It was very bright with [a] clean white light like a star only bigger…
It soon slowed down when it got close to us and then changed direction. It moved sideways at great speed. It moved erratically with sudden changes of direction and height.
There was no noise what so ever. Nothing could move as suddenly as that when it jumps I said, a plane doing that would disintegrate. The passengers would be out through the roof said the angler.
It moved along under cloud level under several clouds. It then moved away from us and gathered great speed. It rose in the sky as it moved away and covered a vast distance in a very short time and disappeared into infinity…
If you live in Ireland, you may want to look up towards the sky as the country has the most UFO sightings in all of Europe. According to data collected by Psychic World from the National UFO Reporting Center State Report Index, Ireland has the most UFO sightings, followed by France and then Spain.
A total of 105 recorded UFO sightings have occurred in Ireland with the encounters lasting an average of 13 minutes each. Most of the sightings in Ireland consist of mysterious bright lights. However, bright lights are the second most common form of sightings in all of Europe (the lights are usually red, blue, or white) while unidentified flying disks are the most common occurrences in the entire continent.
Northern Ireland reported a total of 6 UFO sightings last year in 2020 (two more than the previous year) which may have been partly because of the pandemic where so many people were staying home and spending time outside.
As for the Northern Ireland sightings in 2020, the first one was reported on March 13th of a UFO “with many flashing lights making no noise” in Dunmurry which lasted about half an hour. Six days later, a “flying object” that looked like solar panels in Bangor was reported. Then there was a “UFO going down the Springfield Road” on April 3rd.
The most interesting report came in on May 12th when a man claimed to have been dropped off at Bangor Marina by a UFO. The last two reports consisted of one sighting on August 22nd where three UFOs were witnessed flying over Belfast, and then on September 26th when a man in the Ballygomartin area claimed to have seen six UFOs flying over his house.
David Moore, who is the editor of Astronomy Ireland Magazine, stated that more people were stargazing during the lockdown. He went on to say, “About 90% of all reports end up having a straightforward explanation,” adding, “It’s the few that don’t that are really intriguing. But the guy claiming to be dropped off at Bangor Marina, that’s very difficult to explain.”
Chris McMurray, who is a chairperson of the Northern Ireland UFO Society, weighed in by stating that the majority of the increased sightings of “unknown aerial phenomena” have occurred around the Cavehill and Black Mountain area in addition to the Mourne region. “A common theme that we notice is that sightings of anomalous lights tend to be seen near certain geographical features, such as the granite mountains and other areas of a crystalline nature,” he noted, adding, “This could be because, as widely accepted by ufologists and paranormal investigators alike, these can help amplify the natural energies of the Earth.”
France came in second place with a total of 71 sightings, but their encounters only lasted an average of 6 minutes. Spain is a close third with 70 sightings lasting an average of 12 minutes, but their encounters consisted mostly of diamond-shaped objects in the sky.
As for the longest sightings in all of Europe, they occurred in Monaco where the estimated time lasted 45 minutes. And if you don’t want to see a UFO, your best bet is to move to San Marino where they hadn’t had any official encounters or Georgia where there were only two short sightings of mysterious fireballs that each lasted about 15 seconds.
In the entire continent of Europe, there were a total of 994 UFO sightings with an average duration of 12 minutes each.
Fast moving disc-shaped object filmed over Long Branch, New Jersey
Fast moving disc-shaped object filmed over Long Branch, New Jersey.
Several years ago, on 2017/08/23, a photographer walked out to see six suspicious small planes in the sky over Long Branch, New Jersey and started to record them when, in the blink of an eye, a fast-moving object flew by right in front of the camera's lens.
According to the terrified photographer he was ducking and flinching as it flew past and could not believe what he witnessed.
We can rule out that it would be an insect or bird that flies by just in front of the camera lens as the slow motion footage shows the object moving away from the photographer's location at a high speed until it disappears. Mufon.
What are the brightest objects in our solar system that you can see in your sky? The sunis the very brightest, of course, but you might be surprised by some of the other objects that make the list. You can see the first seven objects on this list using just your eyes, even from cities and suburbs. The last items on the list are fainter and therefore more challenging, and likely require a dark-sky site and some optical aid.
In astronomy, the brightness of objects is measured by what’s called magnitude. The lower the number, the brighter the object. So, 1st-magnitude objects indicate the brightest stars in our sky, 2nd-magnitude fainter ones, 3rd-magnitude fainter still, and so on. Note that some objects, some planets for example, are even brighter than 1st magnitude, peaking in negative numbers at their brightest.
Without optical aid, the human eye can see objects to around 6th magnitude, in optimum conditions and under dark skies. There are about a dozen natural solar system objects that are, in theory, visible to the unaided eye. In practice, the fainter ones are very difficult to see with the eye alone, but perhaps possible for those keen vision and true darkness.
Transient objects, such as very bright meteors or comets, aren’t included in this list. Extraordinary meteors can turn the night sky as bright as day, and some comets reach stunning brightnesses, too, such as Ikeya-Seki in 1965, which reached a whopping -10 magnitude and could be seen at noon. But because they’re only in the sky on a temporary basis, and not something that can regularly or consistently be observed, these objects aren’t included here. We also don’t include manmade objects, such as satellites and the International Space Station. Try the Heavens-Above website, if you’re interested in observing human-made Earth-orbiting objects.
Here are the top 12 brightest natural solar system objects, in order from brightest to dimmest:
1. The sun.
No surprise here. The sun shines at magnitude -26.7. Technically, the sun can’t even be looked at without special safety filters to protect your eyes. Gazing at the sun directly without special protective filters can cause blindness. That said, now would be a good time to equip yourself with filters for solar observing, and to begin a program of regular sun viewing. You might know that the sun increases and decreases in activity in a cycle lasting 11 years. The new cycle – Solar Cycle 25 – was officially announced in September 2020. At EarthSky Community Photos, we’re beginning to see more sunspots! And more are surely coming, increasing in number to a peak five or so years from now.
View at EarthSky Community Photos. | Victor C. Rogus wrote on January 20, 2021: “The sunspot formerly known as AR2797 has split in two: AR2797 and AR2798. Trailing sunspot AR2798 is crackling with C-class solar flares.” Thank you, Victor!
2. The moon.
The moon varies in brightness depending on what phase it’s in. At its full phase when it’s the brightest, it tops out at magnitude -12.7. On the other hand, the moon in its crescent phase shines at only about magnitude -6. If you’re a deep-sky observer, the moon is bright enough to ruin your night vision, meaning it’ll prevent you from getting the best view of distant, faint star clusters, nebulae and galaxies. If you’re using a telescope, the moon should be your last stop during a night of observing. To the eye alone, though, there’s nothing more beautiful than a bright moon shining in the night sky, casting its light and creating moon shadows in the landscape all around you. Visit EarthSky’s moon phases page to learn the dates of major moon phases throughout 2020.
View at EarthSky Community Photos. | Kannan A in Singapore captured this image on January 26, 2021, and wrote: “The waxing gibbous moon rising from behind the apartment block. The moon was 94.1% illuminated and distance from Earth was 391,375 km [243,000 miles] away from Earth when this photo was taken. It was still very much a day moon, as the skies were still bright at this time.” Thank you, Kannan A!
3. Venus.
The closest planet to Earth, one step inward in orbit around the sun, is also the brightest planet. It can shine as brightly as magnitude -4.7, bright enough to be seen in daylight if you know just where to look. The brightness of Venus is thanks in part to its proximity to Earth and also, largely, to its thick, reflective clouds. As with all the other solar system objects, Venus varies in brightness depending on a number of factors, including how close it is to Earth and what phase it’s in. Yes, as a planet orbiting inward from Earth, Venus shows phases! Venus was in our morning sky – in the east before sunrise – throughout late 2020. Soon, though, it’ll be gone from our skies for a few months, traveling behind the sun from Earth. Venus will return to our evening sky in May 2021. Find Venus’ location for each month in EarthSky’s planet guide.
View at EarthSky Community Photos. | Catherine Evans caught Venus near daybreak on January 17, 2021, from the Edna Valley in San Luis Obispo, California. She wrote: “Closer and closer to the sunrise, so it won’t be seen much longer.” So true, Catherine! Thank you. Even into early February 2021, if you have a clear sky to the eastern horizon, you might still be able to snag a last look at Venus. Look very low in the east before sunup. If you can’t see it, try sweeping with binoculars.
4. Mars.
The red planet is the second-closest planet to Earth after Venus, and it doesn’t often reach its maximum magnitude of -2.9. But when it does … wow! What a sight to behold. Just like other planets outside Earth’s orbit, when Mars is brightest around the time of its opposition, when it’s opposite the sun from Earth, rising in the east as the sun sets in the west. Mars’ oppositions come when our faster Earth moves between Mars and the sun. That happens about every two years. Some Mars oppositions are better than others. Mars was particularly bright in 2018, and its last opposition – around mid-October 2020 – was a good one, too. For about a month around the 2020 opposition, Mars was brighter than Jupiter. At other times (in fact, most of the time), Mars is relatively faint. Sometimes it’s very faint indeed, when it’s on the far side of the solar system from us, shining across its nearly-maximum distance from Earth (about 250 million miles, or 400 million km). After all, Mars is just a little planet, littler than Earth. So its brightness waxes and wanes dramatically as we and Mars move around the sun. Find Mars’ location for each month in EarthSky’s planet guide.
View at EarthSky Community Photos. | Niko Powe in Kiwonee, Illinois, captured Mars next to the Harvest Moon on October 2, 2020. Niko said: “There was a layer of clouds but these two’s appearance would not be denied.”
5. Jupiter.
Because Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system, some mistakenly believe it’s the brightest planet. But not so. Jupiter’s greater distance from us lets Venus and Mars, our neighbors, shine more brightly. Jupiter is nearly always brighter than Mars, though (except when Mars is at its best). At its maximum, Jupiter shines at magnitude -2.8, nearly as bright as Mars’s peak of -2.9, and brighter than Sirius, the sky’s brightest star, which shines at magnitude -1.4. Jupiter was named for the ancient king of the gods. And it has a king-like aspect, always shining at the same dazzling brightness, not changing in brightness like Mars. Plus Jupiter moves in a stately way around the sky; it isn’t tied to the sunrise or sunset like Venus. Come to know Jupiter, and you’ll enjoy spotting in your sky for much of every year. Find Jupiter’s location for each month in EarthSky’s planet guide.
6. Mercury.
Surprise! The rarely-seen planet Mercury shines more brightly than Saturn at its best. Mercury can reach -1.9 magnitude. That’s brighter than Sirius, the sky’s brightest star. But – because Mercury is our solar system’s innermost planet – this world, more than any other in our solar system, is tied to the sun in our sky. It’s always seen shortly before sunrise, or shortly after sunset, and never gets very high in the night sky. Therefore its brightness is often offset by the fact that you’re viewing the planet in twilight and not in a nice dark sky. Still, Mercury’s brightness will surprise you!
7. Saturn.
The ringed planet Saturn is stunning in a telescope, and it’s also an easy catch without optical aid. With the eye alone, you won’t see its rings, but you will see Saturn’s golden color and steady light. At magnitude +0.7, Saturn outshines most stars and is on a par with most of the brightest stars. Plus – because it orbits our sun beyond Earth’s orbit – it’s seen more often than Mercury by casual observers. Saturn is often around deep into the night, when its brightness contrasts with the depths of a dark night sky.
View at EarthSky Community Photos. | Dan Wyman in Oceanside, California, captured Mercury, Jupiter, Saturn and a flock of birds on January 11, 2021. Thank you, Dan! Find Jupiter, Saturn and Mercury each month in EarthSky’s planet guide.
8. Ganymede.
If you’re a sky-watcher, you’ve probably seen all the objects mentioned so far without optical aid, knowingly or not. But have you seen Jupiter’s largest moon, Ganymede? Binoculars will let you spot Ganymede circling Jupiter when the satellite is at its brightest, approximately 4.6 magnitude. Ganymede takes about seven Earth-days to complete an orbit around Jupiter, and the other Galilean moons take varying amounts of time (Io nearly two days, Europa about four days, Callisto 17 days). So on any given night, you’ll find the moons in ever-shifting locations with respect to Jupiter. They look like little “stars” strung out in a line that bisects Jupiter. Thus you’ll want to use software, for example SkyandTelescope.com’s interactive Jupiter moon page, to let you know which dot circling Jupiter is Ganymede, from the location, date and time at which you’re looking. Which leads us to …
9. Io.
The next item on the solar system brightness list is Jupiter’s volcanic satellite, Io. At a little larger than our moon, Io is the innermost Galilean satellite and shines at magnitude 5.0 when it’s at its best. Can you see Io – or Ganymede – with the eye alone? In theory, you should be able to. But in practice they’re not that easy to see in the glare from Jupiter itself. Some observers with renowned vision (for example, Steven James O’Meara) have claimed to have seen Ganymede with the unaided eye. But such claims are rare. You’ll likely need binoculars for Ganymede or Io, or Europa (see below). Small telescopes show all four Galilean moons in their never-ending dance around Jupiter.
View at EarthSky Community Photos. | John Nelson was at Puget Sound, Washington, on September 24, 2020, when he captured this image. See Jupiter and its moons in the upper left? You might need to view this photo larger to see Jupiter’s moons. John wrote: “All four Galilean moons were visible. I brightened them up just a bit in Photoshop Elements so they would be easier to see in a photo that you can’t zoom in on. From left to right, the moons are Callisto, Ganymede, Europa and just to Jupiter’s right is Io.” Thank you, John.
10. Vesta.
The fourth asteroid to be discovered, Vesta, is the only asteroid to make our list of brightest solar system objects. Vesta is the second-largest asteroid, after Ceres. Vesta can reach magnitude 5.1 at its closest approach to Earth. Its opposition – a highlight of the year for asteroid observers – is coming up on March 4, 2021. This is when Earth will sweep more or less between Vesta and the sun, bringing the asteroid closest to us for this year. Because it doesn’t have a bright nearby locator, as Ganymede and Io have with Jupiter, it’s best to watch for Vesta for a couple of nights in a row to see which dim “star” in the area appears to move slowly in front of the fixed star background. Try TheSkyLive for charts and other information on how to observe Vesta.
11. Europa.
We bounce back out to Jupiter for the next item on the list, Europa, another of Jupiter’s four large Galilean moons. Europa is a great object to attempt to view and ruminate on, because it may harbor an ocean – and possibly life – beneath its icy crust. Europa just makes our list of the brightest objects in the solar system at magnitude 5.2. Again, we recommend using observing software, such as SkyandTelescope.com’s interactive Jupiter moon page, to know which Galilean moon is which.
12. Uranus,
finally. Many know that planet Uranus is theoretically visible to the unaided eye. The seventh planet from the sun appears at magnitude 5.6 at its best. Uranus is most easily picked up with the unaided eye after first pinning down its location with binoculars or a telescope. It has a disk instead of a pinpoint image through an optical device and may even appear faintly bluish green. It is particularly easy to find on the occasions that it pairs up closely with objects easier to locate, such as Mars.
View at EarthSky Community Photos. | Victor C. Rogus in Sedona, Arizona, captured this image of Uranus and Mars through his telescope on January 20, 2021. He wrote: “The sky this evening was fair at best, but I was able to capture this image of an over-exposed Mars and the planet Uranus through thin clouds. Light takes 2 hours, 43 minutes and 27 seconds to travel from Uranus and arrive to us.” Thank you, Victor!
Bottom line: Here are the top 12 brightest natural solar system objects, in order from brightest to dimmest. If you’ve seen every one of these objects, with or without optical aid, congrats!
Did you ever dare to dream of the day you’d see a helicopter in space? Well, rest easy, your watch has come to an end — NASA’s Ingenuity, the “Mars Helicopter”, is one month away from touching down on the red planet.
Members of the NASA Mars Helicopter team inspect the vehicle on Feb. 1, 2019.
Ingenuity is currently onboard NASA’s Perseverance rover, the US’ latest Mars-bound rover. It’s the first American mission to Mars since 2018’s InSight, but it was only one of three missions sent out to Mars in 2020 alongside the UAE’s Hope orbiter and China’s Tianwen-1 orbiter, lander, and rover.
While all of them are very exciting, Ingenuity will be the first helicopter to actually be sent to space, ever. NASA is expecting it to touch down on Mars on February 18.
Flying on new horizons
“NASA’s Ingenuity Mars Helicopter is the first aircraft humanity has sent to another planet to attempt powered, controlled flight,” NASA explains in a press kit. “If its experimental flight test program succeeds, the data returned could benefit future explorations of the Red Planet – including those by astronauts – by adding the aerial dimension, which is not available today.”
The helicopter is pretty small, similar to a medium-large commercial drone, and comes equipped with two carbon-fiber rotors. These will spin at around 2,400 rpm in different directions so as to stabilize the craft in flight. That speed of rotation is many times faster than those used by passenger helicopters on Earth, due to their smaller size and Mars‘ thinner atmosphere both. Since the air is thinner there, rotors have to put in a lot of extra work to generate the same lift they would produce on our planet.
If all goes well, Ingenuity could completely change how we explore Mars, and other planets with atmospheres. Up to now we’ve been using rovers, which have quite a few benefits (ground vehicles have great energy efficiency since they don’t need to stay aloft, and weight is much less of an issue, for example). However, they’re also much slower than any other vehicles in general, as they have to contend with terrain features. If Ingenuity manages to do its job, and do it well — and, especially, if it can withstand Mars’ harsh environment — space helicopters will definitely become much more common in the future.
But until then, Perseverance still needs to reach its target, and Ingenuity still needs to prove it can fly on Mars. Fingers crossed.
Although the intelligence communities, military and government agencies of numerous nations have undertaken countless official (and off-the-record, too) projects pertaining to both mind-control and mind-manipulation, without any doubt whatsoever, the most notorious of all was Project MKUltra: a clandestine operation that operated out of the CIA’s Office of Scientific Intelligence, and that had its beginnings in the Cold War era of the early 1950s. It was, I believe, MK-Ultra that created the fabricated “alien encounters” of 1950s-era “UFO Contactee” Orfeo Angelucci. The date of the project’s actual termination is a somewhat hazy one; however, it is known that it was definitely in operation as late as the latter part of the 1960s – and, not surprisingly and regretfully, has since been replaced by far more controversial and deeply hidden projects.
To demonstrate the level of secrecy that surrounded Project MKUltra, even though it had kicked off at the dawn of the fifties, its existence was largely unknown outside of the intelligence world until 1975 – when the Church Committee and the Rockefeller Commission began making their own investigations of the CIA’s mind-control-related activities – in part to determine if (a) the CIA had engaged in illegal activity, (b) the personal rights of citizens had been violated, and (c) if the projects at issue had resulted in fatalities – which they most assuredly and unfortunately did. Rather conveniently, and highly suspiciously, too, it was asserted at the height of the inquires in 1975 that two years earlier, in 1973, CIA Director, Richard Helms had ordered the destruction of the Agency’s MKUltra files. Fortunately, this did not stop the Church Committee or the Rockefeller Commission – both of whom had the courage and tenacity to forge ahead with their investigations, relying on sworn testimony from players in MKUltra, where documentation was no longer available for scrutiny, study and evaluation.
The story that unfolded was both dark and disturbing –in equal degrees. Indeed, the scope of the project – and allied operations, too – was spelled out in an August 1977 document titled The Senate MK-Ultra Hearings that was prepared by the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on Human Resources, as a result of its probing into the secret world of the CIA. As the document explained: “Research and development programs to find materials which could be used to alter human behavior were initiated in the late 1940s and early 1950s. These experimental programs originally included testing of drugs involving witting human subjects, and culminated in tests using unwitting, non-volunteer human subjects. These tests were designed to determine the potential effects of chemical or biological agents when used operationally against individuals unaware that they had received a drug.”
The Committee then turned its attention to the overwhelming secrecy that surrounded these early 1940s/1950s projects: “The testing programs were considered highly sensitive by the intelligence agencies administering them. Few people, even within the agencies, knew of the programs and there is no evidence that either the Executive Branch or Congress were ever informed of them. The highly compartmentalized nature of these programs may be explained in part by an observation made by the CIA Inspector General that, ‘the knowledge that the Agency is engaging in unethical and illicit activities would have serious repercussions in political and diplomatic circles and would be detrimental to the accomplishment of its missions.'”
The research and development programs, and particularly the covert testing programs, resulted in massive abridgments of the rights of American citizens, and sometimes with tragic consequences, too. As prime evidence of this, the Committee uncovered details on the deaths of two Americans that were firmly attributed to the programs at issue; while other participants in the testing programs were said to still be suffering from the residual effects of the tests as late as the mid-1970s. And as the Committee starkly noted: “While some controlled testing of these substances might be defended, the nature of the tests, their scale, and the fact that they were continued for years after the danger of surreptitious administration of LSD to unwitting individuals was known, demonstrate a fundamental disregard for the value of human life.”
Silicon Valley engineers are worshipping robots as gods.
Anthony Levandowski – the man who built Google's famous self-driving car – has established a religious nonprofit that appears to be something like a church devoted to the worship of artificial intelligence.
It isn't clear whether the robot God already exists, what exactly it consists of and why it is being developed. But what is clear is that Mr Levandowski appears to be building his own god, in the former of artificial intelligence, which he will then encourage people to worship so that the world can be improved.
Boston Dynamics
Boston Dynamics describes itself as 'building dynamic robots and software for human simulation'. It has created robots for DARPA, the US' military research company
Google's self-driving cars
Google has been using similar technology to build self-driving cars, and has been pushing for legislation to allow them on the roads
DARPA Urban Challenge
The DARPA Urban Challenge, set up by the US Department of Defense, challenges driverless cars to navigate a 60 mile course in an urban environment that simulates guerilla warfare
Deep Blue beats Kasparov
Deep Blue, a computer created by IBM, won a match against world champion Garry Kasparov in 1997. The computer could evaluate 200 million positions per second, and Kasparov accused it of cheating after the match was finished
Watson wins Jeopardy
Another computer created by IBM, Watson, beat two champions of US TV series Jeopardy at their own game in 2011
Apple's Siri
Apple's virtual assistant for iPhone, Siri, uses artificial intelligence technology to anticipate users' needs and give cheeky reactions
Kinect
Xbox's Kinect uses artificial intelligence to predict where players are likely to go, an track their movement more accurately
That's according to the founding documents of Way of the Future, a group intended to "develop and promote the realization of a Godhead based on artificial intelligence and through understanding and worship of the Godhead contribute to the betterment of society", according documents published by Wired. Mr Levandowski is the group's CEO and president, and it isn't clear how many members it has or what it is actually doing.
A range of scientific experts and technology billionaires, including Stephen Hawking and Elon Musk, have warned that our relaxed attitude towards artificial intelligence could mean we're at risk of being killed by it. Mr Musk has likened artificial intelligence to "summoning the demon", suggesting that while we might think we could control such a force we ultimately couldn't – and has founded an organisation called OpenAI focused specifically on stopping such a thing from happening.
Some theories – like the idea of Roko's Basilisk, a mostly derided but incredibly popular thought experiment that suggests we may be at risk from some all-powerful AI in the future – even speculate that our current actions could have some impact on how the artificially intelligent forces view us in the future.
The discovery comes as Mr Levandowski takes his part at the centre of a legal battle between Uber and Google, though it was actually founded two years ago and before all that began. The engineer left Uber last year amid claims by Google that he had stolen trade secrets and used them at his new company.
Wired, which revealed the strange new church as part of a long profile on Mr Levandowski, pointed out that his interest in self-driving cars and our robot god are far from separate from each other. The engineer is among the foremost experts on self-driving cars in the world – and those vehicles give artificial intelligence its most powerful embodiment, as well as being a look at how AI will change the world.
In a year whenmysterious monoliths literally appeared out of nowhere, you'd think the first real detection of alien life would be a stone's-throw away. Well, 2020 didn't bring any little green men, but it did bring astronomers closer to finding extraterrestrial life than ever before. From organic molecules turning up around the solar system to mysterious radio signals finally being traced back to their source, here are some of the biggest findings of the year about where aliens may be (and definitely aren't) hiding in the universe.
1. There could be alien life in the clouds of Venus
(Image credit: ESA/MPS/DLR/IDA)
In September, Venus became the most popular planet on Earth when scientists discovered possible traces of the molecule phosphine in the planet's atmosphere. On Earth, phosphine (made from one phosphorous atom and three hydrogen atoms) is mostly associated with non-oxygen-breathing bacteria, as well as some human activities. The molecule is produced naturally by gas giants, but there's no good reason why it should be on the hot and hellish world of Venus, the researchers concluded — unless, perhaps, there is some sort of life breathing it into the planet's mysterious clouds?
2. … But it's not likely
(Image credit: NASA)
Exciting as it was, the phosphine discovery was met with strong skepticism from the scientific community. For starters, it's not even clear that the researchers detected phosphine at all; their observations contained so much noise that something mimicking phosphine's chemical signature could have appeared by accident, John Carpenter, an observatory scientist at the Atacama telescope in Chile, previously told Live Science.
And even if the reading was accurate, phosphine could very easily be created totally randomly through a number of geological processes that don't involve life at all, said Lee Cronin, a chemist at the University of Glasgow in the United Kingdom. The processes that shape Venus' scorching surface and sky are largely a mystery, and one trace of an inexplicable molecule is, sadly, not enough to confirm alien life exists there. Significant study of the planet is required to solve this chemical conundrum.
3. There could be 36 alien civilizations sharing our galaxy
(Image credit: Angela Harburn/Shutterstock)
How many intelligent alien civilizations are lurking among the hundreds of billions of stars in the Milky Way? According to a study published June 15 in The Astrophysical Journal, the answer is 36.
How did the researchers arrive at that number? By taking a fresh stab at a decades-old alien-hunting riddle known as the Drake equation. Named for astronomer Frank Drake, who debuted the equation in 1961, the puzzle attempts to guess the likely number of alien civilizations in our galaxy based on variables like the average rate of star formation, the percentage of stars that form planets and the much-smaller percentage of planets that have the right stuff for life. Most of these variables are still unknown, but the authors of the new study tried to resolve them with the most up-to-date information on star formation and exoplanets available.
Their result? There are precisely 36 planets in the Milky Way that could host intelligence life similar to that on Earth. But even if the researchers nailed all those unknown variables, it'll still be a while before we meet one of our intelligence neighbors; assuming an even distribution of civilizations throughout the galaxy, the closest one is 17,000 light-years away from Earth.
4. And more than 1,000 alien stars could be watching us
(Image credit: NASA/NOAA)
Will they find us before we find them? We could find out in this lifetime. Two stars on the list host known exoplanets, one of which will have a direct line of sight to Earth in the year 2044.
But while we hunt for alien worlds, are aliens also hunting for us? That's the question that motivated an Oct. 20 study in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, in which astronomers calculated the number of alien star systems that have a direct line of sight to Earth — and therefore could be watching us right now.
The team calculated that approximately 1,000 star systems within about 300 light-years of Earth could feasibly see our planet as it passes between their location and Earth's sun. Those sky-watching aliens would see our sun dim as Earth passes over it, just as humans have detected thousands of exoplanets by watching for suddenly-dimming stars in the night sky. What's more, if those alien astronomers have similar technology to ours, they could even detect traces of methane and oxygen in Earth's atmosphere, which would be potential signs of life, the researchers noted.
5. Aliens aren't responsible for FRBs (at least, not this one)
(Image credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab)
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-long pulses of radio light that blast through space thousands of times a day. Until recently, nobody had any idea what they were. Could it be aliens, pulsing the jets on their hyper-speed spacecraft? The idea had crossed at least one astronomer's mind. But for better or worse, that idea may be dead after astronomers successfully traced an FRB to a known source in the Milky Way for the first time ever.
The source, it turns out, was a magnetar: the fast-spinning, highly magnetized corpse of a long-dead star. For thousands of years after their formation, these temperamental objects cycle through periods of violent activity, beaming powerful pulses of X-ray and gamma-ray radiation into the universe around them at seemingly random intervals. While astronomers were watching one such outburst, they also caught an FRB beaming out of the dead star. Perhaps not all FRBs in the universe come from magnetars (aliens, you're still on notice), but this discovery goes a long way toward solving a decade-old mystery of the cosmos.
6. White dwarfs may be alien strongholds
(Image credit: Shutterstock)
About 4 billion years from now, Earth's sun will swell into a red giant, then collapse into a small, smoldering white dwarf. This fate is inescapable, and the odds of humankind fleeing to another star system are near-impossible. Maybe, if we're still around at the time, we could find a way to harness the dim light of our dead star and keep on trucking as a civilization. And maybe, a paper published earlier this year to the preprint database arXiv suggests, other alien civilizations are already doing the same.
White dwarfs have been largely ignored in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI), the paper's authors claim, as a dead star is unlikely to host a thriving civilization. But white dwarfs do sometimes have planets in their orbit – and a highly advanced civilization might be able to make their tiny sun work for them, even after death. Astronomers therefore shouldn't cut white dwarfs out of their SETI equations, the authors write; in fact, maybe we should be looking to them first.
7. Aliens might not breathe oxygen
(Image credit: Shutterstock)
Another underrated target in the search for alien life: oxygen-free planets. While it has been long assumed that alien life needs air to breathe, a study published May 4 in the journal Nature Astronomy argues that maybe "air" and "oxygen" aren't always synonymous. Hydrogen and helium are far more common elements in our universe (Jupiter's atmosphere is 90% hydrogen, for example), so what if an alien species evolved to breathe that stuff instead?
It turns out, it may be possible. The study authors exposed a type of non-oxygen-breathing bacteria called E. coli to two different "atmospheres" fabricated inside some test tubes. One set of flasks was pure hydrogen, the other pure helium. They found that the bacteria were able to survive in both conditions, though their growth was stunted. This experiment "opens the possibility for a much broader spectrum of habitats for life on diverse habitable worlds," study author Sara Seager, a planetary scientist at MIT, wrote in the paper.
8. Aliens (probably) didn’t build 'Oumuamua
(Image credit: ZHANG Yun/background by ESO/M. Kornmesser)
The strange, cigar-shaped rock named 'Oumuamua has puzzled scientists since it was first spotted in our solar system in October 2017. The object was traveling too fast to have originated in our solar system, and seemed to be accelerating for no good reason. Some astronomers — particularly Harvard University astrophysicist Avi Loeb — said it could be an alien spacecraft, powered by a paper-thin sail. That theory met with ongoing skepticism this year, however, thanks to several studies that describe the object's potential natural origins.
One of the leading theories: 'Oumuamua is a "hydrogen iceberg" – essentially, a solid chunk of hydrogen gas that strayed away from its local star and into the icy heart of a giant molecular cloud. After leaving the core of the cloud, the berg was battered by radiation and molded into an elongated shape. Once it entered our solar system, hydrogen began boiling off of the icy rock, causing it to accelerate without leaving a visible trail of gas. It's a tantalizing theory that explains many of 'Oumuamua's quirks; still, Loeb believes aliens are the more likely explanation.
9. Four worlds hold the most promise
(Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech)
In our solar system, four worlds seem to have the right stuff for the possibility of life. The foremost is Mars — one of the most Earth-like worlds in our solar system. Earlier this year, a large lake was detected beneath the southern polar ice cap, giving new hope that tiny microbes could be present there (assuming they have something to eat).
The other three candidates are all moons: Jupiter's moon Europa, and Saturn's moons Enceladus and Titan. Like Mars, Europa hold the promise of water; its surface is a vast expanse of ice, which may conceal a gargantuan global ocean more than 60 miles (100 kilometers) deep. Enceladus, too, is an icy world that may holds liquid water deep beneath its surface. Recently, gargantuan geysers were spotted spraying water, grains of rocky particles and some organic molecules off of the moon and into space. Titan, meanwhile, is the only moon in our solar system with a substantial atmosphere, which is rich in nitrogen — an important building block of proteins in all known forms of life.
10. Alien hunting just got a little harder
(Image credit: University of Central Florida)
On Tuesday, Dec. 1, the Arecibo Observatory's iconic radio telescope in Puerto Rico finally collapsed, after hanging on by a literal thread for nearly five months (two mysterious cable-snapping incidents in August and November left the telescope in dire condition).
The tragic collapse ends Arecibo's 57-year legacy of searching the cosmos for signs of extraterrestrial life. In 1974, the telescope broadcast the now-famous "Arecibo Message," declaring the technical prowess of humanity to any intelligent extraterrestrials that might be listening. So far, there have been no answers – but that message to the stars inspired the 1997 film "Contact," in which the Arecibo telescope plays a starring role. The telescope's loss leaves a gap in SETI that won't easily be filled.
Alan Tudyk took clowning classes to prepare for the extraterrestrial role.
A new TV series follows the off-beat journey of a wayfaring alien (played by beloved "Firefly" actor Alan Tudyk) who's crash-landed on Earth and must complete an ominous mission before returning home.
"Resident Alien," a new comedic drama, premieres on Syfy Wednesday (Jan. 27) at 10 p.m. EST (Jan. 28 at 0300 GMT). The series, which is based on the popular Dark Horse Comics series by co-creators Peter Hogan and Steve Parkhouse. The show stars Tudyk ("Rogue One," "Doom Patrol") as an alien stranded in Colorado who takes on the identity of Dr. Harry Vanderspeigle. First, however, Vanderspeigle has to learn how to act like a human.
"Everything was from square one with him," Tudyk told Space.com in an exclusive interview. "Walking, sitting, dressing … he's a child in that way."
To prepare for the role of an alien masquerading as a human, Tudyk "took clowning class," he said, "which helped because clowns are supposed to be mainly like children that were never told no. They are very curious … but they're bumbling and they make mistakes."
Throughout the show, which falls somewhere between murder mystery, slapstick comedy and heartfelt drama, Vanderspeigle grapples with "the moral dilemma of his secret mission on Earth — ultimately asking the question, "Are human beings worth saving?'" a press release states.
The outrageous and sincere new series also features actors Sara Tomko ("Once Upon A Time") as nurse Asta Twelvetrees, Corey Reynolds ("The Closer") as the bold Sheriff Mike Thompson, Alice Wetterlund ("People of Earth") as local bartender D'arcy Bloom and Levi Fiehler ("Mars") as Mayor Ben Hawthorne.
Email Chelsea Gohd at cgohd@space.com or follow her on Twitter @chelsea_gohd. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.
EXPERTS: WE SHOULD HIDE FROM THE APOCALYPSE IN UNDERGROUND CITIES
EXPERTS: WE SHOULD HIDE FROM THE APOCALYPSE IN UNDERGROUND CITIES
JULIAN HERZOG
DAN ROBITZSKI
Planning Ahead
Even if we band together as a planet and prevent some of the worst impacts of climate change, some parts of the world could gradually become so hot that people can no longer live there.
That means that millions could find themselves in search of a new home. But instead of migrating as climate refugees, a growing number of researchers and design experts suspect they could stay put, according to OneZero — by digging into the Earth and building subterranean cities beneath the ones we live in today.
Digging In
In some places, people are already doing this. OneZero lists places like Coober Pedy, Australia, where the entire town exists in 30-foot-deep trenches and caves so people can escape the unbearable desert heat.
There are underground regions of cities in Japan, Mexico, China, and Finland. More are being constructed in places like Singapore and the United States. But architect Esteban Suárez has a grander vision: massive, underground cities that resemble upside-down skyscrapers.
“We thought it would be very interesting,” Suárez told OneZero, “instead of going up with a skyscraper, what would happen if we dug down through these layers of cities?”
Not Ready
Suárez originally wanted to build his so-called Earthscraper in the heart of Mexico City to mitigate low-income workers’ unsustainably-long commutes. But the city blocked it because he would have had to dig through culturally and historically-important sites.
“We need to go vertical in this city because urban sprawl cannot continue growing,” Suárez told OneZero.
Were Unveiled New English Government Documents, Previously Secret, Related To UFOs
Were Unveiled New English Government Documents, Previously Secret, Related To UFOs
Were unveiled new English government documents, previously secret, related to UFOs. They were published by the National Archives. The documents reveal atañidas cards with a massive UFO landing in the early sixties, involving multiple “places shock” throughout the country.
The documents were published as part of the wider dissemination of the Ministry of Defence (MoD). Among the thousands of pages of files is a letter to the Ministry of Defense of filmmaker John Keeling, who has been investigating the case, and the response of the MoD. The letter asks permission to speak with officials from the Ministry of Defence and the response of one of the officers says:
“Investigations of UFO sightings were one of my duties at that time. However, I say that the measure of my support may be limited by the requirements of the Official Secrets Act.
“When the original incident occurred there had been reports generated by witnesses, but all are lost. I was told some time that there is more information out ago, which is disappointing. It’s also instructive to see your name at the top of the secret archives of the Government! “
Police, scientists and Royal Air Force were sent to the area to examine a number of flying discs that had appeared in the fields of Britain. The documents reveal that Westland Whirlwind helicopter was sent from the RAF base at Manston to investigate the “alien spacecraft” who had “landed” in Sheppey.
They also show that 30 years after the incident senior officials of the Ministry of Defence thought muzzling the retired group captain of the Royal Air Force who was the intelligence officer who dealt with UFO sightings as part of their duties Ministry Defense at that time. National Archive files include letters of 1997 between the Ministry of Defense and the intelligence officer belonging to the Directorate of Scientific and Technical Intelligence.
The man claimed to have gone down to the police station and Bromley have examined a flying saucer that landed in that city, and wrote to the Ministry of Defense saying that he intended to participate in a television documentary on the case.
When he approached the Ministry of Defence in 1997, for permission to talk about the event, they considered gag him, but decided that would be the laughingstock if they did: “If we can not trust a former ripe official Defence Intelligence Secretariat, go astray, “he advised a senior defense chief.
The retired captain of the group, whose name is included in the files, described the deception as “very intelligent”.
“The fraud was executed with intelligence and seems destined to appear in a TV movie of the future and therefore deserves and needs accurately recorded. Can I get help with that goal? “.
Whitehall documents published in the National Archives show that in Whitehall “cheating flying saucer 1967″ was considered at the Ministry of Defense as a “bad joke obviously very successful.”
But let’s stop here for a moment. That summer of love, hippies and psychedelia, was also the year of an apparent alien invasion. The secret documents of the Ministry of Defense reveal fears of an alien invasion in the UK and details of a six flying saucers landing: Clevedon, Somerset; in Elm Tree, Lacock, Patterdown, Chippenham, Wiltshire farm; Welford, Newbury, Berkshire; in Nyewood House, Winkfield, Berkshire; in Bromley, Kent; and on the Isle of Sheppey, Kent.
Does the Ministry of Defence was trying to hide the facts? Did conceal the invasion and prevent the captain of the RAF speak? ¿As in Roswell, they labeled the case as a fraud, to hide the reality UFO? What he was behind that story?
THE NIGHT INVASION
It all started the night of 3 to 4 September 1967. The alien invaders arrived noiselessly. No spacecraft leaving gigantic shadows of miles wide about our great cities. They were not huge, circular ships, constructed from exotic alloys, but bright pods fiberglass and plastic that looked like giant fried eggs, and they were light enough to be carried by two burly men. There was no death rays or anything to make clear the prompt annihilation of mankind.
For beachhead on Earth, these modest aliens chose not Central Park in New York, or the gardens of the White House in Washington DC. Instead, this would be a close encounter very British. After traveling for tens of light years through interstellar space, a small armada of six flying saucers chose to land on the southern English soil, about equidistant points along the same latitude in the parallel 51 ° 30′N . Something magical and mysterious must have this parallel.
The flying saucer landed on the green of a golf course near Bromley, southeast London, and other areas scattered throughout the south of England and a hill in Somerset.
ThePiperAtTheGatesOfDawnPero see a little context that made their appearance these flying saucers. It was September 1967, three months before the appearance of the Magical Mystery Tour Beatles, and just a few weeks after the appearance of the first seminal disk space rock of Pink Floyd The Piper at the Gates of Dawn. The Cold War was at its peak. Five years ago the Cuban missile crisis had occurred and the space race kept everyone looking skyward. The interest in new technologies and innovations was at its highest point. UFOs were one of the hot topics in England. There were 360 ”sightings” British that year, almost one a day, and the media were taking seriously the issue of extraterrestrials.
It was also a time when the aliens had a prominent place in TV programming of the time, Dr. Who of the Quatermass series, a factor known to increase the reported sightings of aliens.
Under this context is not uncommon for a woman named Cynthia Tooth woke up in the middle of the night by a strange noise coming from the night sky. The woman got up and went to her bedroom window and saw a strange light, a UFO, she says, that “down behind some trees.” She alerted the local press the next day.
Bromley1Pero was not until the morning that a caddy named Harry Huxley, discovered an “egg” in the golf Bromley in South East London. Huxley had gone out early in search of lost balls. The boy decided to carry out the search of golf balls before reporting their finding.
But later that morning a policeman named Gordon Hampton ( “Flash” to his friends and colleagues Huxley saw while patrolling the streets around the area in his panda car. Huxley spoke of his encounter with the “egg”.
BromleyCuando Hampton police officer left his car, he heard a “creepy noise” from the UFO. He radioed the station, convinced that this was something alien, but at first was careful not to use the words “spaceship” or “UFO” on the airwaves (this was a time when police radios not were routinely encrypted and were heard by radio amateurs).
“I found a strange object” he told his boss, who asked him to describe. As the conversation was difficult, eventually the Hampton agent admitted that he had found a flying saucer. A support group was sent Bromley station to see if he was drunk or telling the truth.
BromleyMás later, the decision of the police to bring the dish through the streets of Bromley to the season, earned them a serious reprimand of senior Scotland Yard officers, who were concerned that might have contaminated the city.
Once the UFO was in custody, the officer in charge of the operation, Superintendent Sheppard, telephoned someone in Scotland Yard known as the “Back Hall Inspector”. BHI work was to answer the unusual requests of police forces in the country, and contact the relevant government departments. He called the bomb disposal team of Scotland Yard, in order to review it with portable X-ray equipment The report landed on a desk at the Ministry of Defense, just after 9 am.
The mystery deepened when several similar objects were found in other sites across southern England, spread in a line along the same latitude.
Clevedon1Cuando southern England awoke, they report that the country was under attack filtered. Clevedon, Somerset, in a paperboy, Neal Batey, 15 years old, he found a flying saucer in Dial Hill. This guy ran to his shop and told his boss. Everyone laughed. But in fact discovered on that hill of Somerset flying saucer eventually worked his way up the chain of command of the defense industry to be analyzed by the designer in chief of the division of guided weapons in the British Aircraft Corporation [but I had no idea what they were.
Clevedon2El Sergeant John Durston said it was “identical to the class of spaceships seen in the television science fiction.”
But Sergeant Durston was skeptical that the flying saucer had come from outer space.
“I think it’s a kind of experimental object, but what purpose ?, I’m afraid I do not know”.
The stories of people within the government or military coming forth with tales of encounters with UFOs or alien beings are numerous. They always seem to come from someone who claims to be in the know, and a first hand witness to what the government is up to behind closed doors, making them seem to be the best witnesses there are. Yet many times such reports go off to derail into the truly outlandish, to the point that even the most open-minded individual might take pause, and one of these must certainly be the story of an ex-Air Force man who tells of the mysterious entities he calls the “Tall Whites.”
One of the stranger stories to come from a supposed insider revolves around an ex-U.S. Air Force personnel by the name of Charles Hall, who says that in 1964 he was stationed at Nellis Air Force Base in Nevada when he first became aware that the government had had ongoing contact with extraterrestrials since the 1950s. He says that there were three main types of aliens on Earth talking with the military and meeting with them at a top secret base. According to him there are the Greys, some of which actually have yellow or orange skin, the Nordics, who look completely human and have 24 teeth, and then there are the very mysterious entities he calls the “Tall Whites.” It is the latter that Hall has spent much of his time talking about, and he says of his first acquaintance with them:
In 1964, when I was a weather observer at Nellis Air Force Base in Nevada, I witnessed interactions between the military and a group of mysterious tall, white, human-like extra-terrestrials. Their craft are capable of traveling faster than the speed of light because Einstein was wrong about relativity. When you encounter the ‘tall whites’ it’s such a shock, you are not sure if you are looking at a ghost or an angel, or if you are dreaming.
They are described as being 7 feet tall or over, very slender and with alabaster white skin, thin, straight blond hair, and large piecing blue eyes that gradually turn pink as they grow older, which can take a long time as they are claimed to live for up to 800 years. Despite their freakish height, Hall claims that they can more or less blend into human society with the right disguises, and although they communicate with each other with barking or whistling sounds, they are able to emulate human speech. They are so more or less human-looking in fact, they Hall has claimed that the Tall Whites would often head into Las Vegas to go to Casinos along with a CIA entourage, with the Stardust being their favorite place to go. One suspects they’d fit right in in Vegas.
Hall claims that the Tall Whites are from the star system called Arcturus, which is about 100 light-years from Earth, and that they gave the U.S. military much technology. In exchange for this, the U.S. built bases for the aliens, specifically designed for their height and with very precise environmental settings in order to make them as comfortable on our world as possible. Hall even says that there were play areas made for the Tall Whites’ children. However, according to Hall, the aliens only ever really spoke to higher level officials, and were very wary and nervous around human beings in general. He says that they were paranoid, and all carried with them a pencil-like device that could “influence ions in the human body” to stun or kill a person, mesmerize them, cause pain, or control their muscular responses, although they thankfully rarely used them. He would say of his experience living with them and trying to communicate with them:
You can’t go hunting for them or approach them. They have to come to you and the children are especially curious by nature. It was a traumatic experience being isolated in the desert, alone with someone so different and obviously more advanced than us. At first I thought I was going insane. But I learned over time how to communicate, how to approach them and to never try and force them to do anything. Their nervous systems operate very quickly and they are very protective, very suspicious of our intentions.
Hall claims he had some rather weird and often frightening incidents with the Tall Whites. He says that they would sometimes hypnotize him for reasons he couldn’t understand, and that they would often berate him, calling him a lesser being and a “teacher’s pet.” The most terrifying experience he had with them was the time he claims a group of Tall Whites jumped him in the desert and physically assaulted him. The aliens allegedly injured him very badly, explaining later that they had merely wanted to observe a human being in the midst of fighting for his life. In general, the Tall Whites seem to be rather indifferent to the humans, merely trying to maintain a peaceful, symbiotic relationship so that they may continue to use our planet as a stopover base and strategic location.
It all sounds like pure, science fiction mumbo jumbo, and indeed Hall originally wrote of the Tall Whites as fiction in his series of science fiction novels Millennial Hospitality, but according to him this is all real and he merely wrote the story under the guise of fiction because he had feared coming forward with his experiences. He has said that he has not seen the Tall Whites since he went off for a tour of duty in Vietnam, and that he did not feel truly safe to come forward with his information until his children had grown up and moved out. Hall, who also claims to be a nuclear physicist, has continued to give talks on his experiences with the Tall Whites and we are left to puzzle over what to make of all of this. It all seems so absurd, and to many it is, but there have been others who have held on to it as a genuine case. Is there anything to this at all, or is it just delusional ranting? No matter what one might think, the story of the Tall Whites has remained impressed upon the landscape of ufology, and will probably not go away any time soon.
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Whitley Strieber’s Alien Abduction & Encounter With Stranger Who Told Him Universe Secrets
Whitley Strieber’s Alien Abduction & Encounter With Stranger Who Told Him Universe Secrets
Born in Texas, USA, Whitley Strieber is famous for his horror novels “The Wolfen,” “The Hunger,” and “Communion.” He has been known for his fiction and non-fiction works, but the Communion is actually based on a real incident that happened with Strieber in the 1980s.
Strieber’s work was also featured in many movies and TV shows. He is a world-acclaimed best-selling author, but his popularity went up after his non-fiction novel “Communion” got published in 1987, which tells about the author’s encounter with non-human intelligent species. It became a big hit in Strieber’s career and was The New York Times’ No. 1 non-fiction bestseller novel.
Whitley Strieber
A movie based on the “Communion” book was created in 1989, starring Christopher Walken and Lindsay Crouse.
The author’s real encounter withalienshappened on December 26, 1985, when he was sleeping alone in his cabin in the woods, upstate New York. That night, he was awakened by an unusual noise. When he opened his eyes, he saw a small alien creature approaching his bed.
The next thing he remembered was that he felt disoriented and aggressive, as he had no clue what did happen. After few months, he went through regressive hypnosis and recalled that he had been abducted and physically assaulted by someone whom he designated as “Visitors” to keep the possibility of extraterrestrials’ involvement low.
Whatever he had recalled in the hypnosis became the story of his best-selling novel. Since that night, he was full of curiosity about the unknown visitors.
Cover page of Communion: A True Story by Whitley Strieber, showing the face of an alien that resembles the famous Grey aliens
Another strange incident witnessed by Streiber happened on June 6, 1988, at the Delta Chelsea Hotel in Toronto. It was 2:30 in the morning, and he woke up by the knock at the door. He thought it was room service, but there was a strange man.
Strieber said: “It was a man I described as about 5 and a half feet tall, older-looking, like someone in his 70s. He wore dark-colored clothing, a turtleneck and charcoal slacks.”
Strieber discussed this incident in his novel “The Key: A True Encounter,” published in 2000. He said the stranger stood near the window and did not move for long. He wrote everything that the strange man spoke.
“Mankind is trapped,” the stranger told Strieber. “I want to help you spring the trap.” He was not sure who this man really was, a “Master of Wisdom” or someone from a different dimension, but the one thing Strieber was sure in was that this encounter was real.
The conversation between them was about a life lesson, science, and ethics, where the stranger tried to tell him why humans had been caught in a cycle of repeat violence and self-destruction, and the small, but the very real, possibility for release.
When the author asked him about technologies, the strange man replied:
“An intelligent machine will always seek to redesign itself to become more intelligent, for it quickly sees that its intelligence is its means of survival.
At some point, it will become intelligent enough to notice that it is not self-aware. If you create a machine as intelligent as yourselves, it will end by being more intelligent.”
A lot of things happened that night in Toronto as Strieber said. He asked many questions, and the visitor told him many things in detail related to Universe and catastrophic events that occurred in the Earth’s history.
The most interesting part of the conversation was when the stranger told the author about the presence of multiple universes. “There are more galaxies in your universe than there are stars in your galaxy, and more universes in the firmament than there are galaxies in your universe,” the stranger told Strieber.
The conservation was 45 minutes long. The more the stranger spoke, the more author’s curiosity rose. At one point, Strieber wanted to ask him something else, but the stranger asked him to drink something that he was holding in his hand. He drank it without hesitating and fell asleep immediately.
The identity of the stranger has never been found out, and this incident made the author look into the future and think about where humanity is going. The stranger talked about science which is yet to be discovered by humans.
Strieber’s claim of alien abduction is still doubtful for many people, but John B. Alexander, a former Green Beret Commander and developer of weapons at Los Alamos, New Mexico said:
“For more than two decades, I have been interacting with Whitley Strieber and found him to be one of the most intelligent and thoughtful researchers in the field.”
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Charlie Red Star: Alien Spaceship Visited Canadian Nuclear Site Every Night In 1975
Charlie Red Star: Alien Spaceship Visited Canadian Nuclear Site Every Night In 1975
A Winnipeg-based report says that in the last 200 years, 2000 UFO sightings have been reported in the Canadian province Manitoba. In the mid-1970s, there were hundreds of UFO sightings all over the US-Canadian border. The places where a huge number of UFOs were spotted are Ontario, Manitoba, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and North Dakota.
These sightings included the highest number of cattle mutilations, and the UFOs were often seen over restricted areas where nuclear activities were performed. Canadian UFO researcher Chris A. Rutkowski spent more than 25 years studying the UFO sightings in Canada. He concluded that Manitoba has a long history of close alien encounters.
He said:
“It’s not a recent phenomenon. It’s not a phenomenon that’s a product of television and movies that are going on right now. These things go back quite a number of years. People have been fascinated with things in the sky and wondering, ‘Are we alone in the universe?”‘
Rutkowski donated his UFO research, which contains 30,000 UFO reports, to the University of Manitoba in Canada. His reports include information about the Falcon Lake incident which, according to him, is the best-documented UFO case of Canada.
Author Grant Cameron published his book “Charlie Red Star: True Reports of One of North America’s Biggest UFO Sightings” in 2017, in which he described in detail how the Manitobans had witnessed the largest UFO sightings in history. The province was stunned by the object known by the name “ Charlies Red Star,” which had been seen almost every night in 1975.
Cameron said that he personally witnessed Charlie Red Star multiple times at night, even tried to chase it. According to him, a glowing red plasma-looking ball used to visit a small town called Carman, Manitoba, near Winnipeg almost every night. It is the same time period when Travis Walton claimed to have been abducted by UFO for 5 days.
Once, a Winnipeg TV station captured footage of Charlie Red Star which made Cameron chase it. He was in his car when the red ball flew very close in front of it. He said that moment had changed his life forever.
Photos of the “real” U.F.O. taken by the local paper photographer.
Cameron noted: “I took pictures and analyzed them painstakingly. I investigated the sites the object had reportedly landed. There were so many reports it was hard to talk to everyone.”
He stated that one of the US media outlets wanted to name Carman “The UFO Capitol Of The World,” but it never happened as the sightings suddenly stopped.
Cameron believes that Manitoba UFO sightings have connections with Nuclear weapons because 35 years later, he found out that there were restricted areas where the government secretly installed nuclear missiles and other weapons just south of the border at the beginning of 1975. Later in November, the missiles were removed and so the sightings also stopped.
In the last 75 years, military pilots have reported unexplained aerial phenomena (UAPs) near the sites associated with nuclear weapons, power, and technology.
According to journalist George Knapp, UFOs had been seen in almost every nuclear facility (Los Alamos, Livermore, Sandia, Savannah River).
The author thinks the nuclear technology that humans possess could be created after extraterrestrial contact.
Microsoft wil dode mensen terugbrengen als ‘chatbots’
Microsoft wil dode mensen terugbrengen als ‘chatbots’
Microsoft heeft een patent toegewezen gekregen dat rechtstreeks uit een aflevering van de dystopische serie Black Mirror lijkt te komen. Het patent stelt het bedrijf in staat om dode mensen te veranderen in AI-chatbots. Zo’n chatbot zou gebouwd worden aan de hand van afbeeldingen, de stem, social mediaberichten en andere persoonlijke informatie. Middels stemcommando’s of tekstberichten zou je vervolgens een gesprek kunnen voeren met de chatbot.
Volgens het patent kan de chatbot eruit komen te zien als een ‘historisch figuur, een beroemdheid, een vriend of familielid, of als de gebruiker zelf’. Dit doet heel sterk denken aan de aflevering ‘Be Right Back’ uit de serie Black Mirror, waarin een man om het leven komt bij een auto-ongeluk en zijn vriendin hem terugbrengt in de vorm van een kunstmatige intelligentie die praat en zich gedraagt als haar geliefde.
De transhumanistische elite droomt ervan om onsterfelijkheid te bereiken door het bewustzijn na de dood te uploaden naar een computer. In zijn boek ‘The Age of Spiritual Machines’ voorspelt futurist Ray Kurzweil dat mensen in 2045 hun bewustzijn kunnen opslaan op een computer en dat voor het eind van de eeuw lichamen worden vervangen door machines.
Niet te onderscheiden
We kunnen lichamen maken met behulp van nanotechnologie, we kunnen virtuele lichamen maken en een virtuele werkelijkheid die niet te onderscheiden is van de echte werkelijkheid. De virtuele lichamen zullen net zo gedetailleerd en overtuigend zijn als echte lichamen, zei Kurzweil.
Hij maakte duidelijk dat zulke technologie alleen beschikbaar zal zijn voor de rijke elite en dat de rest van de mensheid een soort slavenklasse zou worden of helemaal zou worden weggevaagd. De toekomst lacht ons tegemoet.
A record-breaking 28 trillion tonnes of ice — enough to cover the whole of the UK in a sheet over 300 feet thick — melted from the face of the Earth between 1994–2017.
Researchers from the University of Leeds carried out the first ever global survey of ice loss using data collected from satellites orbiting our planet.
The team found that the annual rate of ice loss increased by 65 per cent over the 23-year period — going from 0.8 trillion tons in the nineties up to 1.3 trillion tons.
The accelerating melt — which continues to get worse — has been driven largely by steep increases in losses from the polar ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland.
Ice melt serves to raise sea levels across the globe, increases the risk of flooding to coastal communities and endangers natural habitats that wildlife depend upon.
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A record-breaking 28 trillion tonnes of ice — enough to cover the whole of the UK in a sheet over 300 feet thick — melted from the face of the Earth between 1994–2017. Pictured, a stream of meltwater cuts through the ice sheet in Greenland, one of the areas examined in the study
Researchers from the University of Leeds carried out the first ever global survey of ice loss using data collected from satellites orbiting our planet, the results of which are pictured
'Although every region we studied lost ice, losses from the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets have accelerated the most,' said paper author and earth scientist Thomas Slater, of the University of Leeds.
The ice sheets are now following the worst-case climate warming scenarios set out by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.'
'Sea-level rise on this scale will have very serious impacts on coastal communities this century.'
'Over the past three decades there's been a huge international effort to understand what's happening to individual components in Earth's ice system,' he added.
This endeavour, he explained, has been 'revolutionised by satellites which allow us to routinely monitor the vast and inhospitable regions where ice can be found.'
'Our study is the first to combine these efforts and look at all the ice that is being lost from the entire planet.'
According to Dr Slater and colleagues, the rising ice loss is due to the warming of Earth's atmosphere and oceans — which have, respectively, seen temperature increases of 0.5°F (0.26°C) and 0.2°F (0.12°C) each decade since the 1980s.
The majority — 68 per cent — of global ice loss was driven by atmospheric melting, while the remaining 32 per cent of losses have been driven by oceanic melting.
The team's survey covered 215,000 mountain glaciers spread around the planet, the polar ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica, the ice shelves floating around Antarctica and sea ice drifting in the Arctic and Southern Oceans.
'Sea ice loss doesn't contribute directly to sea level rise but it does have an indirect influence,' said paper author and earth scientist Isobel Lawrence, also of Leeds.
'One of the key roles of Arctic sea ice is to reflect solar radiation back into space which helps keep the Arctic cool.'
'As the sea ice shrinks, more solar energy is being absorbed by the oceans and atmosphere, causing the Arctic to warm faster than anywhere else on the planet.
'Not only is this speeding up sea ice melt, it's also exacerbating the melting of glaciers and ice sheets which causes sea levels to rise.'
The accelerating melt — which continues to get worse — has been driven largely by steep increases in losses from the polar ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland. Pictured: an artist's impression of a 1 trillion tonne cube of ice — each face 10 km wide — looming over New York City. The Earth's glaciers and ice sheets have lost 28 times this amount since the early nineties
Experts have estimated that for every centimetre of sea level rise, approximately a million people are placed at risk of being displaced from their low-lying homelands.
Despite storing only one per cent of the Earth's total ice volume, glaciers were found to have contributed to almost a quarter of the global ice losses over the study period — with all glacier regions around the world losing ice.
'As well as contributing to global mean sea level rise, mountain glaciers are also critical as a freshwater resource for local communities,' said paper author and climate scientist Inès Otosaka, also of the University of Leeds.
'The retreat of glaciers around the world is therefore of crucial importance at both local and global scales.'
The full findings of the study were published in the journal The Cryosphere.
WIND-BLOWN MINERAL DUST FUELS MICROBES ACCELERATING MELT OF GREENLAND ICE SHEET
Pictured: algal blooms on Greenland's ice
Phosphorus dust blowing across the Greenland ice sheet may be fuelling ever-larger blooms of microscopic algae that lower the reflectiveness — or 'albedo' — of the ice, resulting in faster melting, a study has found.
Researchers led from the University of Leeds took samples from the southwestern margin of the Greenland ice sheet over a two-year period.
The team found that phosphorus in surface dust — contained within a mineral known as 'hydroxylapatite' is a vital nutrient for the algal growth and is responsible for a low-albedo band of ice dubbed 'the Dark Zone'.
The melt season in the Dark Zone, the team explained, has been occurring earlier and lasting longer each year since the turn of the millennium.
The hydroxylapatite is being blown out onto the ice from local rock outcrops, the researchers explained — a trend which will increase with climate change as dryland areas in the northern latitudes become drier still.
'The photosynthesis rate of the ice algae improved significantly when we provided them with a source of phosphorus,' said paper author and geomicrobiologist Jenine McCutcheon.
'Our mineralogy results revealed that the phosphorus used by ice algae may be coming from the hydroxylapatite we identified in the mineral dust.'
'It's important to understand the controls on algal growth because of their role in ice sheet darkening.'
'Although algal blooms can cover up to 78 per cent of the bare ice surfaces in the Dark Zone, their abundance and size can vary greatly over time.'
'From one season to the next, algal blooms may change and vary in intensity, making them difficult to model year-to-year.'
'The findings of this study will improve how we predict where algal blooms will happen in the future, and help us gain a better understanding of their role in ice sheet albedo reduction and enhanced melting.'
Ice Is Disappearing Across the Planet at Record Rate
Ice Is Disappearing Across the Planet at Record Rate
ByUNIVERSITY OF LEEDS
Meltstream cuts through Greenland ice sheet.
Credit: Ian Joughin
The rate of global ice loss is speeding up, according to new research.
And the findings also reveal that the Earth lost 28 trillion tonnes of ice between 1994 and 2017 – equivalent to a sheet of ice 100 meters thick covering the whole of the UK.
The figures have been published today (Monday, January 25, 2021) by a research team which is the first to carry out a survey of global ice loss using satellite data.
The team, led by the University of Leeds, found that the rate of ice loss from the Earth has increased markedly within the past three decades, from 0.8 trillion tons per year in the 1990s to 1.3 trillion tons per year by 2017.
Ice melt across the globe raises sea levels, increases the risk of flooding to coastal communities, and threatens to wipe out natural habitats which wildlife depend on.
The findings of the research team, which includes the University of Edinburgh, University College London and data science specialists Earthwave, are published in European Geosciences Union’s journal The Cryosphere.
The research, funded by UK Natural Environment Research Council, shows that overall, there has been a 65 % increase in the rate of ice loss over the 23-year survey. This has been mainly driven by steep rises in losses from the polar ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland.
Lead author Dr. Thomas Slater, a Research Fellow at Leeds’ Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling , said: “Although every region we studied lost ice, losses from the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets have accelerated the most.
“The ice sheets are now following the worst-case climate warming scenarios set out by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Sea-level rise on this scale will have very serious impacts on coastal communities this century.”
Dr. Slater said the study was the first of its kind to examine all the ice that is disappearing on Earth, using satellite observations .
He added: “Over the past three decades there’s been a huge international effort to understand what’s happening to individual components in Earth’s ice system, revolutionized by satellites which allow us to routinely monitor the vast and inhospitable regions where ice can be found.
“Our study is the first to combine these efforts and look at all the ice that is being lost from the entire planet.”
The increase in ice loss has been triggered by warming of the atmosphere and oceans, which have warmed by 0.26°C and 0.12°C per decade since the 1980, respectively. The majority of all ice loss was driven by atmospheric melting (68 %), with the remaining losses (32%) being driven by oceanic melting.
The survey covers 215,000 mountain glaciers spread around the planet, the polar ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica, the ice shelves floating around Antarctica, and sea ice drifting in the Arctic and Southern Oceans.
Rising atmospheric temperatures have been the main driver of the decline in Arctic sea ice and mountain glaciers across the globe, while rising ocean temperatures have increased the melting of the Antarctic ice sheet. For the Greenland ice sheet and Antarctic ice shelves, ice losses have been triggered by a combination of rising ocean and atmospheric temperatures.
During the survey period, every category lost ice, but the biggest losses were from Arctic Sea ice (7.6 trillion tons) and Antarctic ice shelves (6.5 trillion tons), both of which float on the polar oceans.
Dr. Isobel Lawrence, a Research Fellow at Leeds’ Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, said: “Sea ice loss doesn’t contribute directly to sea level rise but it does have an indirect influence. One of the key roles of Arctic sea ice is to reflect solar radiation back into space which helps keep the Arctic cool.
“As the sea ice shrinks, more solar energy is being absorbed by the oceans and atmosphere, causing the Arctic to warm faster than anywhere else on the planet.
“Not only is this speeding up sea ice melt, it’s also exacerbating the melting of glaciers and ice sheets which causes sea levels to rise.”
Half of all losses were from ice on land – including 6.1 trillion tons from mountain glaciers, 3.8 trillion tons from the Greenland ice sheet, and 2.5 trillion tons from the Antarctic ice sheet. These losses have raised global sea levels by 35 millimeters.
It is estimated that for every centimeter of sea level rise, approximately a million people are in danger of being displaced from low-lying homelands.
Despite storing only 1 % of the Earth’s total ice volume, glaciers have contributed to almost a quarter of the global ice losses over the study period, with all glacier regions around the world losing ice.
Report co-author and PhD researcher Inès Otosaka, also from Leeds’ Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, said: “As well as contributing to global mean sea level rise, mountain glaciers are also critical as a freshwater resource for local communities.
“The retreat of glaciers around the world is therefore of crucial importance at both local and global scales.”
Just over half (58 %) of the ice loss was from the northern hemisphere, and the remainder (42 %) was from the southern hemisphere.
Reference: “Earth’s ice imbalance” by Thomas Slater, Isobel R. Lawrence, Inès N. Otosaka, Andrew Shepherd, Noel Gourmelen, Livia Jakob, Paul Tepes, Lin Gilbert and Peter Nienow, 25 January 2021, The Cryosphere. DOI: 10.5194/tc-15-233-2021
Giant 'Book of The Dead' Scroll Discovered in Ancient Egyptian Burial Shaft
OWEN JARUS, LIVE SCIENCE
A funerary temple belonging to Queen Nearit has been discovered in the ancient Egyptian burial ground Saqqara next to the pyramid of her husband, pharaoh Teti, who ruled Egypt from around 2323 BCE to 2291 BCE, the Egyptian antiquities ministry said in a statement.
Made of stone, the temple has three mud-brick warehouses on its southeastern side that held offerings made to the queen and her husband.
Near the pyramid, the team of Egyptian archaeologists also found a series of burial shafts containing the remains of people who lived during the 18th and 19th dynasties of Egypt (1550 BCE - 1186 BCE), the ministry said in the statement, which was released Jan. 16.
These burials were likely part of a Teti-worshipping cult that formed after the pharaoh's death. The cult seems to have remained active for more than a millennium, with people wanting to be buried near the pharaoh's pyramid. So far, the team has uncovered more than 50 wooden coffins in these shafts, along with a wide array of objects.
One of the most fascinating objects found in the burial shafts is a 13-foot-long (4 meters) papyrus that contains Chapter 17 of the 'Book of the Dead', a manuscript that ancient Egyptians used to help guide the deceased through the afterlife.
The name of the papyrus's owner, Pwkhaef, is written on it; that same name was also found on one of the wooden coffins and on four shabti figurines meant to serve the deceased in the afterlife.
Though scientists are currently analyzing the text, other copies of Chapter 17 contain a series of questions and answers – a cheat sheet of sorts for people trying to navigate the afterlife. Whether the newly found copy of Chapter 17 has the same question-and-answer format remains to be seen.
Inside the burial shafts, the archaeological team discovered a stela that belonged to a man named Khaptah, who is identified as the overseer of the pharaoh's military chariot, and his wife, Mwtemwia.
The top part of the stela shows the couple paying homage to Osiris, the Egyptian god of the underworld, while the lower part shows the couple seated on chairs with six of their children in front of them. Their three daughters are shown seated and smelling lotus flowers, while their three sons are shown standing.
The archaeologists aren't certain which pharaoh(s) Khaptah served. It's possible that he served Ramesses II (who reigned from 1279 BCE to 1213 BCE), a pharaoh known for his military campaigns that expanded Egypt's empire as far north as Syria.
An inscription on the stela says that two of Khaptah's children are named after family members of Ramesses II. One of Khaptah's daughters is named Nefertari (the same name as Ramesses II's main wife) and one of his sons is named Khaemweset (the same name as one of Ramesses II's sons).
Board games and mummies
Other discoveries in the burial shafts near the pyramid included a bronze ax, board games, statues of Osiris and several mummies, including the mummy of a woman who appears to have suffered from familial Mediterranean fever, a genetic disorder that causes recurring fever and inflammation of the abdomen, joints and lungs.
(Egyptian Antiquities Ministry)
Above: The top of the stela shows the couple paying homage to Osiris; the bottom shows the couple seated with six of their children.
A shrine dedicated to Anubis – the god of the cemetery – was also found near the burial shafts, as were statues of the god.
The Egyptian team that made the discovery includes archaeologists from the Egyptian antiquities ministry and the Zahi Hawass Center of Egyptology at the Bibliotheca Alexandrina.
Encounters With Star People: Three Native Indians Describe An Encounter Of The “First Kind”
Encounters With Star People: Three Native Indians Describe An Encounter Of The “First Kind”
IN BRIEF
The Facts:
Dr. Ardy Sixkiller Clarke, a Professor Emeritus at Montana State University who is Cherokee/Choctaw has been researching the Star People, and collecting encounters between them and Native Indians for many years. This article shares one of many.
Reflect On:
Are we alone? If not, what are the implications when the public becomes fully aware of this? How will it change the way we look at the nature of reality and how we live here, and why we live the way we do?
Dr. Ardy Sixkiller Clarke, a Professor Emeritus at Montana State University who is Cherokee/Choctaw has been researching the Star People and collecting encounters between them and Native Indians for many years. In her book, “Encounters With Star People, Untold Stories of American Indians” she details many of these stories, and explains how her fascination with Star People came from stories told to her by her older relatives, like her grandmother, when she was a child. Be sure to visit her website to find out more about her work.
I’ve been reading the book for quite some time now and I find myself having a great deal of trouble actually finishing it because everytime I come across a new story, I want to share it with our readers. I’ve written multiple articles that take excerpts from her book. So far I’ve written about a story she shared regarding an elder who told her about a ship that crashed on his reservation. You can read that story here. I wrote about another elder who shared a story of a petrified alien heart, which he claimed belonged to the Star People, and you can read that one here. I’ve written one about an elder who claimed to have been told that humans were one of four violent species in the universe, you can read that here. I wrote about a fascinating story regarding a man who had an encounter during an Alaskan blizzard, you can read that here, and another one where a gentlemen was told “not to be afraid.” You can read that here.
This particular story comes from three American Indians who are military veterans. All three of them were stationed together at an Air Force base when this event occurred. An encounter of the “first kind” refers to a UFO sighting in close proximity.
Arlan:
Clarke knew Arlan 15 years before he told her his story. She describes how they first met while he served on the interview committee established by her school (Montana State University) in the hiring of a new faculty position that would recruit American Indian students and teach in the College of Education. Arlan was on the hiring committee, and after Clarke was hired she stayed in contact with him and became part of his extended family,
He frequently stopped by my office at the University on his monthly trip to Helena to meet with the governor’s liaison on Indian Affairs. On one such visit, we sat in my office discussing tribal politics, when I noticed he was staring at the poster hanging on the wall. It pictured a UFO with words underneath it that read, “I believe.” “Do you believe?” he asked, pointing to the poster. “I do,” I replied. “I believe too,” he began.”
“When I was in the service, I was in the Air Force, most indians join the army, but I joined the Air Force. One night the whole base was on alert. An unidentified object appeared on radar. It was headed straight for the base. Several jet fighters scrambled in pursuit. They returned but the base remained on alert. That meant we were all in full combat uniform and dispersed around the perimeters.”
This story corroborates with information that has now been declassified by multiple governments and intelligence agencies around the world. It’s a well known fact than when a UFO, or as they are termed within the mainstream now, “Unidentified Aerial Phenomenon” (UAP) is tracked on radar, the military scrambles jets to take a closer look. One (out of thousands of similar cases) great example comes from a case I’ve shared a number of times. This incident occurred on the night of September 18th, 1976. A U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency and NSA report describes the encounter in detail. Furthermore, both of the pilots involved discussed the event years later.
Residents of the city (Tehran, Iran) noticed a big bright object in the sky. The airport traffic controller also noticed, “it was an intensely bright object that was not supposed to be there.” The Iranian Air Force was contacted and they dispatched two F-4 fighter jets to check out the object.
Both of the F-4 interceptor pilots reported seeing the object visually, it was also tracked on their airborne radar. Both planes experienced critical instrumentation and electronics go offline at a distance of twenty-five miles from the object. Here is an excerpt from the report:
“As the F-4 approached a range of 25 nautical miles it lost all instrumentation and communications. When the F-4 turned away from the object and apparently was no longer a threat to it, the aircraft regained all instrumentation and communications. Another brightly lighted object came out of the original object. The second object headed straight toward the F4. ”
Back to the story. I just wanted to provide a brief example.
Arlan continues:
Around 2 a.m., a spacecraft appeared. It hovered over the base for a good 30 minutes. There were windows where you could see shadows moving, like someone walking around. We all stood there, our rifles ready to fire. The order never came. The UFO just hovered there, not moving, not making a sound. One foolish airman broke rank and ran in the direction of the craft, shouting and waving his rifle in the air. A beam of light shot out of the craft. He was frozen on the spot. When the light retracted, he fell on his face. A few seconds later, the craft flew away. Two hours later, we were called together and told it was a test and ordered not to talk about the event. I never did. I kept it a secret until this moment.”
“Why now” Clarke asked.
It’s that poster. That craft looked identical to the one we saw that night. “After the incident, did you ever talk to your buddies about it?” I asked. I never did. Within hours of the sighting, I was transferred to a different base. My friends were transferred out the same day. We were given 12 hours to prepare for our transfers. There was a lot of paperwork. We didn’t have much time to talk about the transfers or about the UFO. Some of us exchanged home addresses, but you know how it is when you’re 18. You think you’ll write, but you never do. I never saw or heard from any of those guys again.
Arlan did however know the names and addresses of the men when they were enlisted, and through that Clarke was able to track them down for a chat. Keep in mind this incident occurred decades ago.
Max:
Clarke asked Max about the UFO incident.
Yes, I remember. The brass told us never to talk about it. In fact, they said if we did talk, they would come after us. They told us we had witnessed a top-secret test to determine how we would react under unusual and stressful situations. I never believed them. It was a barefaced lie, and they thought we were so inexperienced and dumb that we would buy into anything…They said it was an experimental craft. It was all lies. Not even the big boys knew what that craft was or where it originated. They were shaking in their boots and the last thing they wanted was for the word to get out.
The idea that this could be some sort of experimental craft/technology that the military possesses is not so far fetched. There are documents, for example, that show the U.K. was “desperate” to get their hands on UFO technology. There are interesting statements from interesting people, like Apollo 14 astronaut Dr. Edgar Mitchell who once said that “yes, there have been crashed craft and bodies recovered.” Even an article in the New York Times from last year covered the story about retrievals of “off-world vehicles not made on this Earth” in a serious manner. (You can read more about “mainstream UFO disclosure” here.) In his book, “Forbidden Science 4,” Dr. Jacques Vallee explains how he came in possession documents showing that forced “UFO abductions” were conducted by the CIA as psychological warfare experiments. I obtained a document from the CIA’s electronic reading room that details a story about a famous German Engineer, George Klein, describing his experience with “Flying Saucer” technology in Germany, claiming that it’s been operational since 1941.
The point is there is a lot of information out there suggesting that governments, or even more powerful institutions have had and do have this type of capability.
But for some reason, I do believe Max in this case. Despite all of the evidence that we have suggesting some of this technology is in our possession, UFO lore is littered with stories like this from military bases and nuclear weapons facilities.
Max continues:
Arlan, Hank and me – we were sent to protect the entrance to the base. We took our positions and waited for an unknown enemy. We must have been there for over an hour. I was cold and my teeth were chattering. That’s when it happened. The craft came out of nowhere. Not a sound. Suddenly it just appeared hovering silently over the base. We didn’t know what to do. We are all nervous as hell. Our commanding officer told us not to fire, but to be ready to respond if something happened. This one guy, I don’t know if he lost his mind or what, went running toward the craft shooting. A light came out of the craft and he was stopped in his tracks for just a moment as though he was paralyzed, and then he dropped to the ground unconscious. A few moments later, the craft moved silently upward and disappeared into the night.”
A couple of years later, after I re-enlisted, I ran into one of the medics who was on-duty at the hospital that night when the UFO appeared. He told me that the guy was burned all over this face and body. He said he heard a doctor say it was radiation. He said they kept him in a sleep-induced coma for a while, and then they just let nature take its course. He died within a month of the incident.”
This is interesting and it also corroborates with other incidents out there. Stefan Michalak, for example, was involved in a UFO incident in Manitoba, Canada. It’s known the “Falcon Lake Incident” and is quite famous among Canadian UFO researchers. Stefan also suffered severe burns from the crafts he encountered.
According to Stefan’s son, Stan Michalak, who co-authored a book detailing his father’s encounter titled When They Appeared:“I recalled seeing him in bed. He didn’t look good at all. He looked pale, haggard. . . .When I walked into the bedroom there was a huge stink in the room, like a real horrible aroma of sulphur and burnt motor. It was all around and it was coming out of his pores. It was bad.”
Below. you can see the burn marks left from the encounter. Stefan is of many who have had this type of ‘evidence’ left on their body after an alleged encounter. Below is a sketch done by Stefan of the craft he encountered. You can read more about this story here.
Max continues:
Clarke asks Max to describe the craft.
It was huge. Bigger than anything I had ever seen. It just hung there in the sky. Like it was suspended on strings. It made no sound. I would say it was probably about 50 or 60 feet around. Maybe 25-to-35 feet tall. There were windows but you couldn’t see through them. Very small windows but only a dull light emitted from them. The craft was gray metal, perfectly smooth. No angles. Just a perfect circle. It was dark but all the lights at the base were on so we had a good view. I couldn’t see any seams on the craft. That was unusual. It was like it was one piece or there was a skin stretched over it to make it look that way. I saw blue and white lights when it hovered over the base. There were reddish-orange flashing lights that came on as it moved away. It flew upward at first and then disappeared into the night sky within seconds.”
We saw them in Vietnam sometimes. Frequently we would see several at a time, but they never came close. They just flew over, sometimes, in formation. It was like they were observing the war. The pilots talked among themselves. Those of us who worked on the planes heard their conversations. The pilots were concerned about the UFOs. At first they thought they were some kind of communist aircraft sent to scare us out of Vietnam. There were stories of jets that crashed when they pursued them, but most pilots knew what we all knew: these craft were not from this planet. We were no match for them.
Clake goes on to find the third man, Hank, and he tells the exact same story as Max and Arlan. If you want to read more stories like this, make sure you check out the book. The link is at the top of this article.
The Takeaway:
I’ve said it many before, so I apologize if this is a repeat for you but I’ll say it again, the ET phenomenon truly leaves no aspect of humanity untouched and greatly expands human consciousness and the way we perceive ourselves, the cosmos, and the nature of reality. Just think of all that would change when we consider not only the existence of off-world civilizations but also the technology they use to get here. Perhaps other races use their technology for discovery, advancement, service to others and more instead of simply using it to profit in some way, or use it to make weaponry like we do? I don’t know. At the end of the day what we need more on our planet is to question the way we live here, what we are doing here and why we live the way we do when we have so much potential to create a human experience where everybody can thrive. The question of “are we alone” is a big one, but thousands of other questions will come forth when we realize, for sure, that we’re not and that we are being visited and have been visited for quite some time.
Cover Photo Credit:
Billy Meier. Supposed authentic picture of a UFO he captured.
Microsoft has been granted a patent for technology that would “reanimate” the dead by re-creating them via social media posts, videos and private messages that could even be downloaded into a 3D lifelike model of the deceased.
Not creepy at all.
“The tech giant has raised the possibility of creating an AI-based chatbot that would be built upon the profile of a person, which includes their “images, voice data, social media posts, electronic messages,” among other types of personal information,” reports IGN. “It’s understood that the chatbot would then be able to simulate human conversation through voice commands and/or text chats.”
The patent explains that the chatbot could be a historical figure, a celebrity, a friend or relative or even a copy of “the user creating/training the chat bot.”
The patent is literally straight out of a Black Mirror episode, the dystopian series created by Charlie Brooker.
In an episode called Be Right Back, a young woman’s boyfriend called Ash is killed in a car accident but she decides to bring him back in the form of a technology which uses artificial intelligence to mimic her lover’s speech patterns, mannerisms and knowledge.
This virtual Ash is then downloaded into a synthetic body, but the woman struggles to accept it as a replacement for her actual boyfriend and ends up locking the android in an attic.
Transhumanist elitists have long dreamed of being able to achieve immortality by preserving their consciousness after death and uploading it to a computer.
In his book The Age of Spiritual Machines, futurist Ray Kurzweil predicted that humans will be uploading their minds to computers by 2045 and that bodies will be replaced by machines before the end of the century.
“We’re going to become increasingly non-biological to the point where the non-biological part dominates and the biological part is not important any more,” said Kurzweil. “In fact the non-biological part – the machine part – will be so powerful it can completely model and understand the biological part. So even if that biological part went away it wouldn’t make any difference.”
“We’ll also have non-biological bodies – we can create bodies with nano technology, we can create virtual bodies and virtual reality in which the virtual reality will be as realistic as the actual reality. The virtual bodies will be as detailed and convincing as real bodies,” he added.
Elsewhere in the book, Kurzweil made it clear that such technology would only be available to wealthy elites and that the rest of humanity would likely become a slave class or be wiped out altogether.
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Does FBI memo prove aliens DID crash near Roswell and THREE UFOs and were covered up?
Does FBI memo prove aliens DID crash near Roswell and THREE UFOs and were covered up?
UFO researchers in Japan stumbled across an FBI memo that some believe could prove the infamous Roswell flying saucer incident DID happen - and involved THREE flying saucers instead of just the suspected one.
In 1990 images emerged of a "secret US military alien autopsy" which was found to be hoaxed
An FBI memo that has come under scrutiny following freedom of information requests even suggests each "saucer" contained three bodies of three-foot tall aliens in the legendary "alien" incident.
The Roswell incident, in July 1947, went down in UFO folklore after the US Air Force announced it had found the remains of what was suspected of being a crashed flying saucer in the New Mexico desert near the town.
A single-page March 22, 1950 memo by Guy Hottel
Source: fbi.gov
The next day it retracted the statement amid claims it was later identified as a weather balloon.
UFO chasers have forever since believed it was a major cover-up and that the US military actually discovered the craft and the bodies of alien pilots.
The FBI memo now in the spotlight, dated from 1950 - three years after the Roswell incident - said each of three "saucers" contained three bodies of three-foot tall humanoid occupants, making nine aliens in total.
Museum workers stumbled across the document as as they were preparing to open the Hakui Centre for UFO Research in the coastal city of Hakui, 310 miles west of Tokyo, Japan, back in 1994.
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Each year Roswell holds a festival to celebrate its UFO noteriety
But it has only come to light again after subsequent documents released under the US Freedom of Information Act suggested the FBI was so concerned about the museum opening, it opened up its own file on the proposals.
The original 1950 memo suggested the US military found three metallic, saucer-shaped objects, complete with occupants, near New Mexico, in the USA.
The memo revealed US radar equipment in the area was believed to "have interfered with the saucers and brought them down", according to the Journal Telegraph.
It said: "An investigator for the Air Forces states that three so-called flying saucers had been recovered in New Mexico.
"They were described as being circular in shape with raised centres, approximately 50 feet in diameter.
"Each one was occupied by three bodies of human shape but only three-feet tall, dressed in metallic cloth of a very fine texture."
The memo was sent by Federal special agent Guy Hottel, who was in charge of the FBI Washington Field Office, on March 22, 1950, to then FBI Director J Edgar Hoover.
GETTY
The FBI files has re-opened speculation into the Roswell incident
Each one was occupied by three bodies of human shape but only three-feet tall, dressed in metallic cloth of a very fine texture.
FBI report from 1950
The single-page memo begins with the name of the person who furnished the information about the flying saucers blackened out.
It said: "According to Mr (blackened out) informant, the saucers were found in New Mexico due to the fact that the Government has a very high-powered radar set-up in that area and it is believed the radar interferes with the controlling mechanism of the saucers.
"No further evaluation was attempted by SA [blackened out] concerning the above."
The document was among 10,000 reports museum staff has obtained and were preparing to allowed UFO researchers access to via the planned Hakui Centre.
But subsequent FBI papers dated from 1994 and now released under freedom of information requests, show the agency was apparently so concerned about what else may be contained within the files, it began monitoring the planned opening of the museum in 1994.
This further revelation has sent modern-day conspiracy theorists into overdrive, who now believe there has been a major US government cover up over contact with aliens over several years.
The FBI raised its concerns about the Hakui project in one memo dated January 7 1994, soon before the centre opened, saying the “main attraction” would be the library with the 10,000 documents available to read.
The bullet point memo states that the museum official, Toru Wada, said, “In the future, we hope the center will become a focus of international attention in terms of collecting and disseminating information on UFOS.”
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In May this year new pictures were released of the "Roswell alien" but they are thought to just be a
Mr Wada was quoted as saying: “The city has painstakingly acquired the documents over a 10-year period from such sources as the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).”
Also discussed in the memo is Josen Takano, then 38, a municipal employee and UFO enthusiast and investigator who had collected US information on UFOs.
The FBI memo added: "Takano said efforts are under way to gather even more information through a network of enthusiasts in 12 other countries.”
Topsecretwriters.com, which writes about conspiracies and cover ups, said: "The memo served to validate the fact that the US government was highly interested in any type of UFO related activity prior to the creation of Project Blue Book.
"The 1994 memo further validates suspicions that the monitoring of civilian interest and investigations of UFOs was still being carried out."
It is not clear if the FBI had any influence over what eventually opened at Hakui, but according to topsecretwriters.com, it does not appear to be as devoted to UFO study as the facility previously being worked on.
The centre which opened is called Cosmo Isle Hakui and in a UFO-shaped building said to house a UFO and NASA Space Research Museum.
But it doesn’t appear to house the in depth research documents it set out to host.
Writing for topsecretwriters.com, Sally Painter added: "While there are a couple of booth exhibits (on aliens and UFOs), the bulk of the museum appears to be dedicated to past and present space missions and explorations.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
FBI: Three UFOs With One Humanoid Alien Inside Each Of Them Recovered In New Mexico In 1950 By Air Force
FBI: Three UFOs With One Humanoid Alien Inside Each Of Them Recovered In New Mexico In 1950 By Air Force
In the late 1970s, the FBI released a memo written by Guy Hottel on March 22, 1950. Hottel was the head of the FBI’s special department based in Washington.
Many of the memos for the entire study of aliens were addressed to Director J. Edgar Hoover, and then placed in the secret FBI archives. Now, they are declassified and stored as an open electronic file in the FBI archives.
One interesting memo describes the report made by Hottel. In it, he describes three “flying saucers” that were discovered in New Mexico.
Guy L. Hottel Image credit: FBI
The memo states that the three flying saucers recovered in New Mexico were approximately 50 feet in diameter. In each of them, there was one alien creature, and their figures resembled human bodies a lot, however, they were about three feet tall and dressed in peculiar metal suits.
A single-page March 22, 1950 memo by Guy Hottel Source: fbi.gov
It is one of the popular declassified information released by the FBI that has been viewed more than a million times. Besides, the incident happened three years after the famous Roswell incident, and both have no connection with each other as stated by the FBI.
The document also said that the aliens were peaceful and really reminded people in some way in their behavior.
The photo of two alien humanoids also became famous. It was taken before the intergalactic war between American intelligence and reptilians in 1979 at the Dulce Base in New Mexico.
Photo was taken prior to the Dulce base incident in New Mexico
There are other documents that have been hidden from the public for many years, and some of them are still strictly classified. Few of the CIA and FBI personnel have seen top-secret documentation involving alien life.
As for UFOs in the sky, they are tracked by various radar means. What maneuvers are performed by foreign aircraft is still a mystery.
Modern aircraft in this regard lag behind foreign technologies by several hundred years, and possibly even more. The movement of these objects in the sky is contrary to the human understanding of physics.
A curious video from New York City shows an odd trio of lights that appear to form a triangle in the night sky. The weird scenereportedly unfolded on Sunday evening over the Bronx and mystified the witness who captured it via his cell phone. In the footage, he can be heard marveling that the orange-looking orbs are "literally flying next to each other" in a triangular formation and slowly moving across the sky. The man then talks to some bystanders who are also watching the orbs and they all agree that they have no idea what the eerie aerial anomalies could be.
The video was subsequently picked up by several YouTube channels devoted to UFO videos where, as one might imagine, all manner of theories were offered for the nature of the odd lights. In addition to the extraterrestrial explanation, one fantastic hypothesis put forward by viewers is that the lights emanated from the mysterious TR-3B spy plane. More skeptically minded observers argue that the orbs were most likely lanterns. With that in mind, what's your best guess for what was spotted over the Bronx over the weekend? Share your theory with us at the C2C Facebook page.
The two former oil rigs (renamed Phobos and Deimos like the Martian moons) will now be used as launchpads for the SpaceX Starship rocket, which is designed to carry both crew and cargo to Earth orbit, the Moon, Mars and beyond.
Valaris plc has had a pretty lousy 2020. Like all oil companies, it suffered as the price of oil declined sharply, but Valaris seemed to take it worse than others, filing for bankruptcy in July. Turns out, before doing that, it sold two oil rigs for $3.5 million each to SpaceX.
SpaceX has long eyed launch and landing sites for its Starship launch system, and a water-based seaport would fit the bill excellently, especially since the ship will have a large blast area and would create a lot of noise (a common problem for populated areas). The two rigs in the Port of Brownsville, near SpaceX’s Starship development facility in Boca Chica, Texas, will not pose that problem.
Although the oil rigs were sold half a year ago, SpaceX didn’t openly announce it. NASA Space Flight magazine pieced things together, noticing that at the time the rigs were sold, SpaceX started advertising positions around Brownsville, including crane operators, electricians, and offshore operations engineers. In particular, one job advert called for applicants who can “install enhancements and major upgrades to offshore vessel electrical systems.” At the same time, founder Elon Musk confirmed that SpaceX was “building floating, superheavy-class spaceports for Mars, moon & hypersonic travel around Earth”. Now, the mystery has been lifted: the project involves SpaceX and its massive Starship, meant to send people to Mars and (maybe) back.
So far, the Starship prototype launched to about 40,000 feet (12,000 meters), but despite passing some of the checkpoints, it exploded when it reached the ground. It’s pretty much still a work in progress, although Musk has great hopes for it.
SpaceX plans to eventually send not one, but multiple Starships to Mars during a single launch window (the period when the orbit of Earth will help put the rocket on a trajectory to Mars — just a few weeks every 26 months). There’s still a lot of work to be done, but if everything goes smoothly, Phobos and Deimos can enter service in late 2021. Until then, the Starship launch system is already expected to become operational, for orbital flights.
“SpaceX is building floating, superheavy-class spaceports for Mars, moon & hypersonic travel around Earth,” Musk had previously tweeted in June 16, 2020
Based on the extensive work still needed to prepare the rigs, Phobos and Deimos will likely enter service after the initial orbital flights of the Starship launch system. The first orbital Starship launch from Boca Chica could occur in late 2021, pending successful Starship and Super Heavy testing throughout the year.
SpaceX also plans to eventually send multiple Starships to Mars during a single interplanetary transfer window. These flights will be in addition to perhaps hundreds of Starship missions to Earth orbit before carrying any people.
It’s no secret I’m a big believer in the theory there was once a Martian civilization; a civilization now long gone. Not at all unlike what we see in the final moments of the 1968 movie, Planet of the Apes, the Martian landscape appears, to me, to be littered with evidence of what was once at least one or several sprawling cities, but all now rendered pulverized and flattened. And a civilization collapsed. In the movie, such a city would turn out to be New York, as the presence of a ruined and pummeled Statue of Liberty makes abundantly and graphically clear. That’s when Charlton Heston’s astronaut character, “Taylor,” learns to his sudden horror that he is not on a faraway world, after all, but on Earth, thousands of years after the human race has all but decimated our world and its people. There’s another parallel with that classic movie, too. It concerns one of the primary characters in Planet of the Apes, Dr. Zaius, the Minister of Science. He has spent much of his life terrified by the possible revealing of the true history of the ape planet. Namely, that we, the human race, came first and that, in terms of technology, we were once far ahead of the apes’ society. Zaius’s fear is that opening the equivalent of Pandora’s Box will cause chaos in the world of the apes. So, he takes the only option he thinks is viable: Zaius buries everything, just in case, even if he’s not fully sure of what went on before his civilization emerged.
I sometimes ponder on the possibility that some of our scientists – not unlike Dr. Zaius in their mindsets – might be fearful of what the ramifications could be if history is changed by the opening of that aforementioned box. So, rather like the person who wakes up one morning and finds a lump under one of their armpits, and who refuses to go to the doctor for fear of what they might learn, the truth is ignored, with a hope that it will go away. But, it doesn’t go away. It just piles up more and more. Maybe, that’s how things are with NASA: a case of: “If we forget about the Face on Mars we won’t have to deal with it.” But, it’s clearly not going away. Nor are the many other anomalies that are scattered across the Red Planet. As a species, we are woefully unaware, and largely ignorant, of a series of incredibly ancient events that revolved around a nightmarish, irreversibly-collapsing Mars. And, of death on an almost incomprehensible scale for the Martians, most of them killed before they could flee their world for ours. When? Without doubt millennia ago – probably even way back further than that. Trying to place together a definitive, smooth timeline for when the Martians lived and died is impossible. At best, the timeline is absolutely chaotic in the extreme. As for that ignorance and unawareness I refer to above, in my view it’s solely due to the passage of time, to the distortion of incredible history to fanciful mythology, and to legend mutated into something that largely most people write-off as being just too good to be true.
When it comes to the scientific community, some are unwilling to address the mysteries of Mars in a fashion that just might have a potentially adverse bearing on their lofty, much-cherished reputations. Some, I suspect, are fearful of what they might find if they dare to go looking too closely: what we might call a skewed case of deliberate self-censorship. That point is something that also harks back to Planet of the Apes. As the movie comes to its chilling, unforgettable ending, Dr. Zaius cautions Charlton Heston’s character, Taylor, with these words: “Don’t look for it, Taylor. You may not like what you find.”
High speed object shoots down into the ocean near Lantana beach, Florida
High speed object shoots down into the ocean near Lantana beach, Florida
A video taken at Lantana beach, Florida on 6/15/2020 shows an unknown object that pops out of the blue sky 1-2000 feet up and shoots down into the ocean without a splash in 1/4 of a second.
At first glance the witness thought that it was a kite, but after a watching the video again, the object appears to be some sort of craft and it shot out of the sky with tremendous speed, it did not just fall, according the witness who was absolutely enamored by the video his girlfriend took at the exact second.
The question remains what the object could have been, maybe space junk, maybe a UFO as it is known that there are UFOs (USOs) emerging from and diving into the oceans, but what really stands out is that this object shoots down into the ocean without a splash, something that is impossible when an object plunges into the water at high speed. Mufon.
Camera Captures a Long-White Object Streaking Over the Californian Sky
Camera Captures a Long-White Object Streaking Over the Californian Sky
A video sparked intrigue and debate after a UFO enthusiast shared it online, showing an unidentified flying object streaking across California’s sky.
YouTube username Donald Sanders has uploaded a 40-second clip taken from what looks like a home security camera.
The camera appears to point outwards from a porch with a good view of the street and the sky.
On January 12, Tuesday, the camera caught a long object passing overhead, leaving many UFO believers convinced that it was an alien spacecraft.
The footage shows the dark sky with the glow of light pollution lighting up the screen’s left portion.
Stop-motion footage shows a cigar-shaped white object suddenly appears out of the lit area of the dark sky. The long object quickly disappears just above the eye-view above a palm tree.
A couple of seconds later, the object reappears in the same spot before streaking off across the sky and out of sight.
The object appears to have three lights, one at either end of the shape and a third in the center.
Mr Sanders captioned the clip online as: “Weird UFO.”
According to Bay News 9, California posts 10,015 UFO sighting reports, the highest in the USA.
Filer’s Files 4 2021 - Aliens Live Under the Sea - PART I
Tampa, Florida disk captured on January 17, 2021
Filer’s Files 4 2021 - Aliens Live Under the Sea - PART I
Major George A. Filer III ret. USAF
New Jersey State Director
MUFON Eastern Region Director
In special reports, this week’s files cover: Tehran, Iran 1976 UFO Intercept, Under Ocean UFOs (USOs), Iranian ICBMS: Israel and US Military in Range, Israel May Attack Iran’s Nuclear Facilities. New Media Propaganda Calls for Deprogramming Trump Supporters; Nostradamus Predicts a Rough Year in 2021, Space Force Letter, and Carbon 60.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Arizona, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Missouri, Teas, and Washington.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Argentina, France, Mexico, Northern Ireland, and England in the United Kingdom.
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
Forward these files to your friends and neighbors.
Special Projects
Tehran, Iran 1976 UFO Intercept
Generals, Pilots, and Government Officials Go on the Record, has some interesting quotes from both of Shah of Iran and the F-4 pilot who tried to shoot down the UFO.
Leslie Kean´s book on UFOs has a short chapter written by Jafari who was carrying 8 missiles: 4 x heat-seeking and 4 x radar. No mention of Vulcan cannon. He goes back to base quickly from home as he is the Squadron CO. He is quickly in the air and his plane weapons load-out indicates that Northern Iran was a front-line air defense identification zone hotspot.
Unlike the debunkers´ theories who claim ineptness in radar operation, he orders his weapons officer back seater to break radar lock on the object and re-paint it, to insure they are not picking up ground effect or a mountain. He says he selected and tries to fire a Sidewinder when he loses weapons panel, all instruments and communications. He is freaked out but does not lose his nerve at any moment.
At base USAF Colonel Mooy tells him “he is lucky he could not fire”…They have blood tests, both aircraft checked for radiation and a battery of questions for the crews over a period by Iranian scientists writing a scientific report.
The Shah visits the base: “When the base commander told the Shah that I was the pilot who had chased the UFO, the shah asked me, “What do you think about it?” I answered, “In my opinion they cannot be from our planet, because if anyone on this planet had such power, he would bring the whole planet under his own command.”He simply said, “Yes,” and told us this was not the first report he had received.”
Above worth a look: experienced U.S. military pilots fly a simulator (in aircraft) to evaluate Jafari´s claims.
This debunker make a number of claims of radar ineptitude, lack of experience night flying, Jupiter and U.S. contractors who they say stated that Jafari´s F4 was notorious for systems malfunctions and the maintenance shoddy. The same thing happened to two craft.
Still trying to find a bio for Jafari but a number of points: this was a high-speed frontline area; you do not get to fly top-notch interceptors with live warheads without being very competent; the IIAF received a lot of training and support from U.S. Iran´s pilots and their operational commanders in the Iran-Iraq war pulled off some daring and cunning complex ops against the Iraqis, despite the chaos of the revolution, purges and initial Iraqi successes. They did very well all things considered. Jafari is a general who went on the record and is not the only witness. I have to come down on his side against the debunkers. How would Jupiter be flying around his aircraft when he is at Mach etc??? Easy to debunk when you were not there. Plus all the official U.S. and Iranian interest in the fascinating case.
So my question is, if Jafari and apparently the Shah, do not believe the craft are terrestrial, then why have humans not been dominated by an ET species – that is – if we accept the possibility of the extraterrestrial hypothesis – whether these are space-faring humans from far away in time and / or space / intra-dimensional etc, or other species?
Lt Pirouzi also attempted to intercept the UFO and could not fire his weapons.
If one looks at the ETH, then judging by human behavior, which is the subjugation of the tech inferior by the tech superior, there are only a couple of valid theories as to why we have not been dominated / defeated yet.
ETs or “others” do not have hostile intent – but tell that to the hundreds of Western and probably Russian and Chinese and other pilots who have lost their lives in UFO encounters, plus the highly suspicious link between UFOs and nukes.
ETs or “others” are steadily infiltrating human societies as per Prof David Jacob´s “They Walk among Us” theories, because while they have the tech to defeat earth militaries, they want the planet, resources and population for their use; not killed or destroyed.
ETs or “others” know or believe that terrestrial earth militaries have an effective means of defense.
There is some ET balance of power, i.e., more than one ET race in play, who balance each other out and/or have alliances with terrestrial powers to prevent one side having an absolute advantage as to be able to physically take over the earth. We are already living in an ET-dominated scenario – we just do not know it – like the humans in The Matrix.
Editor’s Note: I briefed the 21st Air Force general staff that morning about the confidential UFO incident. Allegedly the incident was imaged on our satellites and the generals were very interested in the inability of the Sidewinder missiles s to fire. Later the F-4 weapons system was checked out and was functioning properly. I also flew with Iranian pilots and they seemed as competent as ours at the time before the Islamic Revolution of 1979 placed clergy in positions of power.
Under Ocean UFOs (USOs)
F-18s chase Craft that came out of the Ocean
Former U.S. Navy Commander David Fravor was a guest on the Joe Rogan Experience podcast. Fravor, who was the subject of a New York Times article about his 2004 UFO sighting, discussed a spooky new sighting a fellow pilot revealed to him after they were both out of the Navy.
According to Fravor, the eyewitness was a former pilot of the MH-53E Sea Dragon, the Navy version of the Marine Corps’ CH-53E Sea Stallion, based at Naval Station Roosevelt Roads, on the island of Puerto Rico. Twice while recovering spent practice munitions out of the water, the pilot spotted a weird underwater object.
In the first incident, the pilot saw a “dark mass” underwater as he and his team retrieved a flying practice drone. The pilot described the object as a “big” mass, “kinda circular,” and he was certain it wasn’t a submarine. In the pilot’s second sighting, a practice torpedo that the pilot was sent to recover was “sucked down” into the depths of the ocean in the presence of a similar underwater object. The torpedo was never seen again.
Elsewhere in the interview, Fravor reveals that a 79-year-old woman contacted him after his sighting went public. The woman explained that her father, a naval officer, was at one time based at the naval station in San Francisco in the 1950s. When she was a child, her father showed her a telegram that stated unidentified objects had been sighted going in and out of the water at a now forgotten set of latitude and longitude coordinates. The woman’s father told her, “We get these all the time, and it’s always in the same area.”
A BQM-174 high performance target drone similar to that recovered according to retired U.S. Navy Commander David Fravor.
DAN KITWOOD GETTY IMAGES
These sightings are similar to Fravor’s own sighting. According to the retired Navy pilot, the only reason he had seen the now-infamous “Tic Tac” UFO was because it was hovering above a mysterious larger object that was sighted underwater. Fravor describes the object as cross shaped and approximately the size of a Boeing 737 jetliner. He has further described the water above it as though it were “boiling” or “frothing,” and said the object disappeared after it caught his attention.
United Airlines 737-924 airliner.
ICON SPORTS WIREGETTY IMAGES
In 1970, biologist Ivan Sanderson published the book “Invisible Residents._ Sanderson, a noted student of unusual phenomena, devoted the book to sightings of what were later called Unidentified Submerged Objects, or USOs. USOs are defined as unknown craft that are sighted in the water, sighted rising up out of the water, or diving into the water. Sanderson catalogued scores of reports of USOs:
On the 19th of April, 1957, crew members aboard the Kitsukawa Maru, a Japanese fishing boat, spotted two metallic silvery objects descending from the sky into the sea (original emphasis). The objects, estimated to be ten meters long, were without wings of any kind. As the hit the water, they created a violent turbulence. The exact location was reported as 31° 15’ N and 143° 30’ E.
Sanderson also reports an incident that reportedly took place off the coast of Puerto Rico in 1963 during an anti-submarine warfare exercise.
This book is a groundbreaking contribution to the study of the UFO enigma, originally published over 30 years ago. In this book, Sanderson, a renowned zoologist with a keen interest in the paranormal, puts forward the curious theory that an OINTS”-Other Intelligences-live under the Earth’s oceans.
This underwater, parallel, civilization may be twice as old as Homo sapiens, he proposes, and may have an overdeveloped what we call space flight.” Sanderson postulates that the OINTS are behind many UFO sightings as well as the mysterious disappearances of aircraft and ships in the Bermuda Triangle. What better place to have an impenetrable base than deep within the oceans of the planet? Yet, if UFOs, or at least some of them, are coming from beneath our oceans or lakes, does it necessarily mean that there is another civilization besides our own that is responsible? In fact, could it be that since WWII a number of underwater UFO bases have been constructed by the very human governments of our planet? Whatever their source, Sanderson offers here an e exhaustive study of USOs (Unidentified Submarine Objects) observed in nearly every part of the world. He presents many well-documented and exciting case studies of these unusual sightings.
OINTS”-Other Intelligences-live under the Earth’s oceans
Stories of mermaids and mermen have continued for thousands years. Sources say a “list” of possible prosaic explanations for these mysterious airborne encounters was provided. However, the report expressly stated that the potential for UAP (UFO) to be “alien” or “non-human” or undersea technology
All sources interviewed confirmed that the Task Force issued an updated second UAP position report later in the summer of this year. Like the first, officials say this recent intelligence report was very widely distributed and shared amongst the Intelligence Community.
Cube shaped UFO (UAP) comes out of in Atlantic Ocean
“It went viral,” said one intelligence official who had read the report. It’s possible the object may be a GPS dropsonde, a sensor on a parachute that provides info on the vertical profile of a storm. But as McMillan points out (and confirms with an atmospheric researcher), the actual dropsonde doesn’t appear in the photo—just the potential square-cone parachute. And there would obviously have to be an aircraft above the object to drop it, and no such craft is visible in the image. A military pilot reportedly encountered the object while flying over the Atlantic Ocean on the East Coast of the U.S. in 2018 and captured it with their personal cell phone. It’s likely that a backseat weapons system operator on an F/A-18F Super Hornet took the photo of the object, which McMillan calls “inverted” and “bell-shaped,” and describes it having “ridges or other protrusions along its lateral edges, extending toward its base.”
The launch of a ballistic missile from under water
Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) held a two-day drill named Great Prophet 15 which culminated on Saturday with the launching of two anti-warship ballistic missiles at a simulated target in the northern Indian Ocean.
According to Iranian media reports, the missiles fired from central Iran successfully hit a target at a distance of 1,120 miles, putting Israeli and US military targets in range. The US frequently has carrier strike groups in the region to ensure safe and free shipping through the vital Strait of Hormuz.
“Long-range missiles for maritime targets indicates that if the enemies … show any ill will towards our national interests, maritime trade routes or territory, they will be targeted and destroyed by our missiles,”
Iran Nuclear Facilities
Armed forces chief of staff Major General Mohammad Bagheri as saying. “This is Iran’s third military exercise in less than two weeks after a naval exercise in the Gulf of Oman on Wednesday and Thursday, and an army drone drill on January 5-6, 2021. Last week’s drill included a bomb-carrying drone attack on a missile defense system followed by the launch of a barrage of “new generation” surface-to-surface Zolfaghar and Dezful solid-fuel ballistic missiles.”
Biden Team Holding Secretive Talks with Iran to Return to Nuclear Deal
Officials in the incoming Biden administration have already engaged in talks with Iran regarding a return to the 2015 nuclear accord, and have updated Israel on those discussions, Israel’s Channel 12 News reported on Saturday.
The station offered no sourcing for the report, and didn’t provide details on the content that was allegedly discussed.
US President Joe Biden has expressed his desire to return to the deal, while Jerusalem is advocating that any return to the deal must include new restrictions on Iran’s ballistic missile program that allegedly can now hit Israel’s well as its support for terrorism and destabilization worldwide.
On Wednesday, the Walla News site reported that Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu is putting together a team to strategize for a round of initial talks with the Biden administration regarding Tehran’s nuclear program.
Israel will likely attempt to destroy Iranian facilities when they feel Iran is ready to load a nuclear weapon on a long range missile? Netanyahu trusted Trump but it is doubtful they trust Biden after Obama gave Iran billions of dollars cash enough to buy the latest Rumanian Air Defense System.
S300 Russian Air Defense Weapons
US President Joe Biden is anticipated to assume a more appeasing approach to Iran than did the Trump cabinet and has said that if Tehran returns to the terms of the 2015 nuclear agreement, the US would also rejoin, nullifying the tight economic sanctions that have devastated Iran’s economy for the past two years.
Israel May Attack Iran’s Nuclear Facilities
The British Sunday Times reported, “Israeli Air Force pilots have completed their mission training and fighter jets have been prepared for an Israeli attack on Iran. The article reported that “the elite Hammers Squadron, the 69 Strategic Defense Squadron stationed at “Hatzerim Air Base, will likely lead the attack. The F-15’s are equipped with weapons that will be tested in combat for the first time, and that two missile submarines were on standby: one in the Persian Gulf and the second in Haifa Bay. A few years ago, The Israeli Air Force flew a formation of fighter bombers over Tehran on a practice mission. Iran failed to fire a shot at the invading Israeli formation and the head of Iran’s Air defenses was fired and some updates were made.
In 1981, the Israeli Air Force destroyed the Iraqi nuclear reactor Osirak but unlike Iraq’snuclear reactor Iran’snuclear facilities are scattered and hardened under deep rock and concrete and dispersed at some 40 underground sites. The Times also said that special Israeli Defense Forces would also be helicoptered into Iran to take out targets that could not be destroyed in an air strike. Covert action by the Mossad is also possible. The day Iran gets a nuclear weapon; Israel will have no choice but to attack. Watch the UFO reports because they tend to flock to the world’s trouble spots. British Sunday Times
The New Media Propaganda Calls for Deprogramming Trump Supporters;
Democrats, members of the mainstream media and Big Tech are elevating their rhetoric about their political opponents to alarming heights, Sean Hannity said Monday. “This kind of rhetoric is now commonplace on the left,” Hannity said “[Robinson] wondered [on MSNBC] how mostly White, mostly Republican voters, how do we deprogram them? Into what? Little socialists like you? The News media lies and exaggerates so I refuse to buy anything they advertise.?
Drug overdose deaths far outpace COVID-19 deaths in San Francisco
Drug deader caught with 2 Kilos
SAN FRANCISCO — San Francisco Chronicle reporteda record 621 people died of drug overdoses in San Francisco so far this year, a staggering number that far outpaces the 173 deaths from COVID-19 the city has seen thus far.
The crisis fueled by the powerful painkiller fentanyl could have been far worse if it wasn’t for the nearly 3,000 times Narcan was used from January to the beginning of November to save someone from the brink of death, the San Francisco Chronicle reported Saturday. San Francisco just completed its 30th year as a sanctuary city, with policies prohibiting local authorities from cooperating with ICE officials who attempt to arrest the drug managers.But illegal immigrants and their political allies keep the flow of drugs into the city at a high rate since the police are told not to arrest the drug dealers. Those on drugs often have to steal, rob and even kill to buy the drugs. Expect a 100,000 drug deaths this year as the drug trade will flourish.
26,000 Troops have to Sleep on Cement Floors in D.C.
For almost a week the new Democratic unity has 26,00 National Guard troops sleeping together on the cold cement floors of parking garages.
Capitol Hill, members of the National Guard could be seen huddled in groups; trying to get some sleep on the floor of our capital’s parking garages in freezing temperatures. For unity the building of the border wall has been stopped the borders are now open to new disease and drug smuggling and criminals will no longer be sent back to their home country. Few if any bathrooms can be found. One soldier was nearly hit by a car.
The 26,000 National Guard presences was aimed at maintaining security for the one thousand people attending the presidential inauguration using more soldiers to guard Washington D.C. had more than President Lincoln used to guard the city during the Civil War.
Lawmakers were expected to start the trial for impeachment effort against outgoing President Donald Trump.
The 128 page Democratic Party’s Manifesto is very similar to the1936 Soviet Constitution that allowed Joseph Stalin to rule Communist Russia with an Iron Hand.We Pray for the he Lives Lost to the Corona Virus and for the...
Nostradamus Predicts a Rough Year in 2021
Nostradamus is the world’s most famous prophet and presumed mystic who predicted a worldwide Plague in 2020. He predicted 2020 marks a sacred moment, favorable and, at the same time, dangerous in the history of mankind, meant to bring both disasters and revelations.
2021 Predictions of Michel De Nostradamus
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For 2021 Nostradamus predicts a major earthquake will hit the area between California, USA, and Vancouver, Canada. The Europeans and Americans will face the immigrant issue, and the terrorist attacks will be increasingly high
World-ending asteroids, zombies and ruinous famine are on deck for 2021, according to French philosopher Michel de Nostradamus, whose track record for predicting the future has been freakishly accurate.
Nostradamus, who died in 1566, has famously prophesied calamitous events through his “Les Prophéties,” a collection of poetic quatrains. The Renaissance-era seer alluded to such events as the French Revolution, the development of the atomic bomb and the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks.
He foresaw a 2021 has an even more destructive than last year when millions died from biological warfare.
In his writings, he mentions “Few young people: half-dead to give a start.” “Fathers and mothers dead of infinite sorrows / Women in mourning, the pestilent she−monster: / The Great One to be no more, all the world to end,” the philosopher went on, ominously.
Nostradamus also appears to allude to the corona virus pandemic of 2020 — but writes that the following year will be even more destructive, perhaps bringing famine to the world. Already, the pandemic has resulted in millions of Americans heading to food banks for the first time. And the UN has warned that food insecurity will be an even bigger problem in 2021.
Nostradamus wrote. “The Great Mover renews the ages: / Rain, blood, famine, steel, and plague, / is the heavens fire seen, a long spark running.”
Editors Note: Nostradamus trail of sparks could be referring to missiles. Others are predicting Washington D.C. is nit by a large bomb or missile.
Letter from D Jackson on Space Force
I had sent a previous message, but had to end it at the point that I did, for concerns over “too much text” in a particular sending. While reading through one of the little “sub-articles” found on the NUFOC website link from my most recent “Filer’s Files”, I found within the January18, 1978 Ft. Dix/McGuire AFB “alien shooting” incident article mention towards the main witness having been in the same career field within the Air Force that I had myself, and it sort of struck a cord with me when reading about his fears of being “Court Marshaled” under UCMJ if he divulged information to anyone about the event. I can remember my time in the Air Force having plenty of time hanging around what we called CSC (Central Security Control), our version of the “Police Station”/motor pool/armory, reading through the thick book of USAF UCMJ Regulations that we had there, to kill spare time. Having been an officer in the Air Force yourself, you are likely quite familiar with such, as well as the fact that each branch of the military has its own UCMJ coded regulations, and likely extends in various versions over the Coast Guard, FBI, CIA, DHS, etc. Anyway, I can remember encountering multiple coded regulations within the Air Force version specifically prohibiting its individual members from relaying ANY unauthorized release/discussion of sighting/encounter information with “outside sources”, to include subjects of UFOs/aliens/evidence, and I think also dealing with prohibiting the withholding of information/evidence from superiors concerning such as contacts/physical evidence/descriptions/observations, etc. I think there is even prohibition of conversation contact with an alien.
Space Force photo of large Ship
With all of that in mind, I think it becomes obvious that the 2017 Navy UFO encounter releases represents a “controlled release” of information, likely to justify the soon-to-follow “formation” of the new U.S. Space Command. If the “powers that be” are coming clean about the existence of UFOs, then why did they use basically “generic” UFO sighting information, instead of including such things as reputed crash/recoveries, alien body recoveries, back-engineering efforts, etc.? I have a feeling, that the reason includes, after the successful public justification/launch of the Space Command, the UFO subject has been returned to a “need to know” basis, outside of those “powers that be”. The continued existence of those afore-mentioned UCMJ regulations “encourages” branch members from divulging true “information”. Being fairly high up in the MUFON echelon as US Eastern Section Director, perhaps you could determine to speak with whatever MUFON “political people” the organization has, about a concentrated drive to get those annoying regulations officially stricken/repealed, even if through Presidential decree.
I would hope that MUFON is beginning some very in-depth research/observation of the new Space Command, in areas of Statement of Mission, recruitment qualifications, funding, available equipment/technologies in network, etc. Might be interesting just to find out how much of a “Top Secret/Eyes Only” wall that may be encountered. I had better let you go, again! Take care! Thanks to Jackson
Strange Craft
The True Story of Major George Filer an Air Force Intelligence Officer and flyer’s Life with UFOs.
Filer belongs to the generation of pilots and airmen who first became aware of the strange aircraft showing up in the Earth’s atmosphere. These men – military professionals began to whisper amongst themselves about encounters with suspected extraterrestrial aircraft.
Award-winning investigative reporter John Guerra spent four years interviewing Filer, a decorated intelligence officer.
Filer’s most memorable case – the shooting of an alien at Fort Dix Army Base/ McGuire AFB in 1978 – is fully recounted. UFO information, for the first time, after decades of denying what its intelligence officers, pilots, and air traffic control personnel know to be true, the military finally admitted to what Filer describes in this incredible book. By John L. Guerra (Author) click on this link: https://amzn.to/2SmCKMy
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Filer’s Files 4 2021 - Aliens Live Under the Sea - PART II
Tampa, Florida disk captured on January 17, 2021
Filer’s Files 4 2021 - Aliens Live Under the Sea - PART II
Major George A. Filer III ret. USAF
New Jersey State Director
MUFON Eastern Region Director
In special reports, this week’s files cover: Tehran, Iran 1976 UFO Intercept, Under Ocean UFOs (USOs), Iranian ICBMS: Israel and US Military in Range, Israel May Attack Iran’s Nuclear Facilities. New Media Propaganda Calls for Deprogramming Trump Supporters; Nostradamus Predicts a Rough Year in 2021, Space Force Letter, and Carbon 60.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Arizona, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Missouri, Teas, and Washington.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Argentina, France, Mexico, Northern Ireland, and England in the United Kingdom.
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
Forward these files to your friends and neighbors.
UFO Sightings in the United States
Sightings are from MUFON CMS
Arizona Light
Grand Canyon – on January 6, 2021, I have photos with several strange things going on in the photos. Some round objects move very quickly on the left section in the live photos. Also spot light appear shining from possible unknown craft. Curious if my camera was malfunctioning or if something else was happening in photos. Please investigate. Thank you!
California Object
Glenn– November 29, 2020, walked out on my porch and across the way there was a huge disc sitting ominously. I’ll let you guys decide for yourselves what it is.
Colorado Green Light
Cannon City — While walking my dogs at the Arkansas River walk on January 13th, 2021 at 4 pm, my one dog sat down and refused to walk. She does this when we cross paths with mountain lions or bears. When I surveyed the immediate area I saw a large green orb on the River Bluff trail. It was close to ground level and started to rise, then changed course going to its left and towards us. As it approached my other dog started howling and barking, and my dog that had sat down was shaking in fear. I didn’t hear or smell anything, when my dog started howling. It paused, then changed course again back towards the trees, dropping to ground level. It seemed to grow in size again, and then shrank, seeming to wink out of existence. My dogs refused to walk any further on that trail.
Delaware Triangle
Milford— on January 1-, 2021, observed bright silvery star like object that was blinking. Watched for some time, took video, Watched it morph, go stealth, change characteristics, move, change colors. I have seen a similar object before in September and October, 2020,
Florida Boomerang
Sebastian – On October 15, 2020, a very large football Field size boomerang shaped craft about 200 feet above us flew over our community silently around 8o’clock at night. It was translucent on the bottom and the only reason we saw it was the clouds were wrapping around it as it broke through the cloud cover .It change the direction towards a very large lightning storm as we jumped in the car tried to follow it. At the river’s edge we parked the car as it flew towards a very large lightning storm and was gone.
Tampa– January 17, 2021, driving down Cypress going west and I was taking pictures of the sky and I caught a photo of what I believe to be a ufo. After the live feed of the photo the craft was seen.
Georgia Light
Lawrenceville– on January 1, 2021, I saw these formations, near Orion and clustering around Aldebaran and Theta Tauri. The brightness and shape of the V in the Taurus Constellation changed frequently
Missouri Object
Red Oak – on January 1, 2021, am submitting, by proxy, this account of the sighting my 15 yr old niece encountered about a half a mile from Red Oak ,Missouri on the 12th of January, 2021. She went outside to feed her calf at 7:15 am. She happened to see a cross shaped object with very odd wings with various pulsating lights. The body had a long rear fuselage that was a glowing red, and had thick trails of deep, blood red smoke emanating from each of the side protrusions. This object rose up, and traveled over her and traveled west silently. My niece is a very Christian, and honest young lady who would never make up a story like this. Kaili was very shaken by this and was having a hard time trying to process it all. She said it was like a slow silent horror movie.
Texas Cigar
University Park – on January 14, 2021, while driving to work eastbound at about 7:30am, I observed a white, fuzzy, cigar shaped object high in the sky. It did not move during the several minutes that I watched it. There was at least one plane moving off in the distance. I snapped a couple of pictures of the object with my iPone and went off to work. I didn’t mention it to anyone, except my husband.
Washington Objects
Olympia – On October 13, 2020, when I finished pouring concrete at a house job sight I took a few pictures of the area. I didn’t notice the object until I reviewed my pictures. I had no idea that I had taken a picture of this object.
Mr. Lanier – on January 8, 2019, when I took the picture I could not nor could anyone else see any clouds besides the ones starting to engulf Mt Rainier. None of us heard anything and not one person saw the saucer shaped cloud beforehand or afterward I took the picture. We didn’t notice the saucer looking cloud until reviewing the photographs and some say they see the U.S.S Enterprise from Star Trek.
Worldwide UFO Sightings
Argentina 1950 Disc
Mendoza– on March 22, 1950, this is a photograph taken in 1950 at ”Bodega Trapiche”, located in the province of Mendoza, Argentina. The kid in the photo is my grandmother. At the moment the photo was taken they didn´t realize that there was a ”saucer” shaped object behind them.
France Cylinder
Nimes — December 7, 2019, I turn to you after several contacts at http://www.cnes-geipan.fr … He does not answer me so I want to testify, there are 3 unidentified objects every evening.
Mexico Triangle
Sonora– on April 13, 2015, when accessing Google Maps, I captured several images and I have attached one of them that required me to zoom and pan around the sky and surrounding areas. The longitude and latitude coordinates are included. When I returned to view some of them again a few were gone.
Northern Ireland Bright Light
Belfast – on January 25, 2020, I was walking home along the river just after dark and suddenly noticed 3-5 very bright lights appear in front of me about 100 yards ahead. The lights were weird looking, very bright green and staggered in different levels and all about 6-8 feet from the ground. They disappeared and within a minute an extremely bright green light reappeared directly inform of me.
UK/England Objects
Atherstone – on August 8, 2020, I have the pictures which were live photo’s from my iPhone. They were edited to zoom in to take Live Photo stills of the craft. At first look we hadn’t caught them until I recheck months later when I was considering deleting them. I am disabled and don’t usually leave my home. I was with my daughter and as I am now learning there are things in the sky which we have both witnessed. This is now my 6th sighting of something I can’t explain. As we were driving, to my left I noticed something darting around in the sky. It was darting forward, back, up, down. It was stopping and able to change direction instantly. I couldn’t stop driving due to any angry man in a van behind me. I saw the craft stop in mid air and I saw 3 silver orb like objects streak off the craft. My daughter was getting footage. The main craft appeared grey and I saw the top of the main craft decrease in size as 3 little craft flew off it. The main craft then just disappeared, like poof! The biggest was the large, completely silent triangle craft going over me.
Kings Lynn – on December 21, 2004, unknown craft travelling slowly and silently were observed. Sound on the video is my central heating boiler I was standing near to.
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Filer’s Files salutes our fighting men and women; God Bless Our Troops, and Georgie, Elizabeth, and Victoria Filer, and Eddie Pedrick. May the Angels be your guide and take you to paradise.
Put another way, a young person in the U.S. is nearly 11 times as likely to die in a swimming pool than in a school shooting. Few public officials would say pools are doing a poor job protecting swimmers, but the statistics suggest that we need “more lifeguards at pools, as opposed to guards at schools,” Fox said
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
CAUTION MOST OF THESE ARE INITIAL REPORTS AND REQUIRE FURTHER INVESTIGATION. If you wish to stop receiving these files, please send a message to Majorstar@verizon.net.
Filer’s Files salutes our fighting men and women Georgie Filer and Eddie Pedrick my grandsons who both drowned. We pray that God will bless those who read these files spiritually.
A few months ago a group of NASA exoplanet astronomers, who are in the business of discovering planets around other stars, called me into a secret meeting to tell me about a planet that had captured their interest. Because my expertise lies in modeling the climate of exoplanets, they asked me to figure out whether this new planet was habitable – a place where liquid water might exist.
These NASA colleagues, Josh Schlieder and his students Emily Gilbert, Tom Barclay and Elisa Quintana, had been studying data from TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite) when they discovered what may be TESS’ first known Earth-sized planet in a zone where liquid water could exist on the surface of a terrestrial planet. This is very exciting news because this new planet is relatively close to Earth, and it may be possible to observe its atmosphere with either the James Webb Space Telescope or ground-based large telescopes.
The habitable zone is the not-too-hot, not-too-cold region around a star where liquid water can exist on a planet’s surface. Liquid water is a key ingredient for life as we know it, so exoplanets in their stars’ habitable zones are compelling places to search for life.
Habitable zone planets
The host star of the planet that Gilbert’s team discovered is called TESS of Interest number 700, or TOI-700. Compared to the Sun, it is a small, dim star. It is 40% the size, only about 1/50 of the Sun’s brightness and is located about 100 light-years from Earth in the constellation Dorado, which is visible from our Southern Hemisphere. For comparison, the nearest star to us, Proxima Centauri, is 4.2 light-years away from Earth. To get a sense of these distances, if you were to travel on the fastest spacecraft (Parker Solar Probe) to reach Proxima Centauri, it would take nearly 20,000 years.
There are three planets around TOI-700: b, c and d. Planet d is Earth-size, within the star’s habitable zone and orbits TOI-700 every 37 days. My colleagues wanted me to create a climate model for Planet d using the known properties of the star and planet. Planets b and c are Earth-size and mini-Neptune-size, respectively. However, they orbit much closer to their host star, receiving 5 times and 2.6 times the starlight that our own Earth receives from the Sun. For comparison, Venus, a dry and hellishly hot world with surface temperature of approximately 860 degrees Fahrenheit, receives twice the sunlight of Earth.
Until about a decade ago, only two habitable zone planets of any size were known to astronomers: Earth and Mars. Within the last decade, however, thanks to discoveries made through both ground-based telescopes and the Kepler mission (which also looked for exoplanets from 2009 to 2019, but is now retired), astronomers have discovered about a dozen terrestrial-sized exoplanets. These are between half and two times larger than the Earth within the habitable zones of their host stars.
Despite the relatively large number of small exoplanet discoveries to date, the majority of stars are between 600 to 3,000 light-years away from Earth – too far and dim for detailed follow-up observation.
Why is liquid water important for habitability?
Unlike Kepler, TESS’ mission is to search for planets around the Sun’s nearest neighbors: those bright enough for follow-up observations.
Between April 2018 and now, TESS discovered more than 1,500 planet candidates. Most are more than twice the size of Earth with orbits of less than 10 days. Earth, of course, takes 365 days to orbit around our Sun. As a result, the planets receive significantly more heat than Earth receives from the Sun and are too hot for liquid water to exist on the surface.
Liquid water is essential for habitability. It provides a medium for chemicals to interact with each other. While it is possible for exotic life to exist at higher pressures, or hotter temperatures – like the extremophiles found near hydro-thermal vents or the microbes found half a mile beneath the West Antarctic ice sheet – those discoveries were possible because humans were able to directly probe those extreme environments. They would not have been detectable from space.
When it comes to finding life, or even habitable conditions, beyond our solar system, humans depend entirely upon remote observations. Surface liquid water may create habitable conditions that can potentially promote life. These life forms can then interact with the atmosphere above, creating remotely detectable bio-signatures that Earth-based telescopes can detect. These bio-signatures could be current Earth-like gas compositions (oxygen, ozone, methane, carbon dioxide and water vapor), or the composition of ancient Earth 2.7 billion years ago (mostly methane and carbon dioxide, and no oxygen).
We know one such planet where this has already happened: Earth. Therefore, astronomers’ goal is to find those planets that are about Earth-size, orbiting at those distances from the star where water could exist in liquid form on the surface. These planets will be our primary targets to hunt for habitable worlds and signatures of life outside our solar system.
Possible climates for planet TOI-700 d
To prove that TOI-700 d is real, Gilbert’s team needed to confirm using data from a different type of telescope. TESS detects planets when they cross in front of the star, causing a dip in the starlight. However, such dips could also be created by other sources, such as spurious instrumental noise or binary stars in the background eclipsing each other, creating false positive signals. Independent observations came from Joey Rodriguez at Center for Astrophysics at Harvard University. Rodriguez and his team confirmed the TESS detection of TOI-700 d with the Spitzer telescope, and removed any remaining doubt that it is a genuine planet.
My student Gabrielle Engelmann-Suissa and I used our modeling software to figure out what type of climate might exist on planet TOI-700 d. Because we do not yet know what kind of gases this planet may actually have in its atmosphere, we use our climate models to explore possible gas combinations that would support liquid oceans on its surface. Engelmann-Suissa, with the help of my longtime collaborator Eric Wolf, tested various scenarios including the current Earth atmosphere (77% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, remaining methane and carbon dioxide), the composition of Earth’s atmosphere 2.7 billion years ago (mostly methane and carbon dioxide) and even a Martian atmosphere (a lot of carbon dioxide) as it possibly existed 3.5 billion years ago.
Based on our models, we found that if the atmosphere of planet TOI-700 d contains a combination of methane or carbon dioxide or water vapor, the planet could be habitable. Now our team needs to confirm these hypotheses with the James Webb Space Telescope.
Bacteria living in harsh conditions like this geothermal basin in Yellowstone National Park provide clues about habitable zones on other planets.1tomm/Shutterstock.com
Strange new worlds and their climates
The climate simulations our NASA team has completed suggest that an Earth-like atmosphere and gas pressure isn’t adequate to support liquid water on its surface. If we put the same quantity of greenhouse gases as we have on Earth on TOI-700 d, the surface temperature on this planet would still be below freezing.
Our own atmosphere supports a liquid ocean on Earth now because our star is quite big and brighter than TOI-700. One thing is for sure: All of our teams’ modeling indicates that the climates of planets around small and dim stars like TOI-700 are very unlike what we see on our Earth.
The field of exoplanets is now in a transitional era from discovering them to characterizing their atmospheres. In the history of astronomy, new techniques enable new observations of the universe including surprises like the discovery of hot-Jupiters and mini-Neptunes, which have no equivalent in our solar system. The stage is now set to observe the atmospheres of these planets to see which ones have conditions that support life.
A new study of the seven Earth-sized exoplanets around TRAPPIST-1 indicate that all 7 planets are extremely similar to each other in makeup, but potentially quite different from Earth.
The 7 planets of the TRAPPIST-1 system orbit their star at a distance that would easily fit within the orbit of Mercury. The system is actually more similar to Jupiter and its moons (top) than our solar system. Planets e, f and g are located within the habitable zone of TRAPPIST-1.
An exciting discovery by the Spitzer Space Telescope in 2017 revealed seven Earth-sized planets orbiting the nearby star TRAPPIST-1, less than 40 light-years away. Details about these planets have been hard to come by, but astronomers have wondered, are any like Earth? Are some like Venus? Do any have clouds or even surface water? Late last week (January 22, 2021), astronomers added another piece to the puzzle of TRAPPIST-1’s planets, when they published a paper in the peer-reviewedPlanetary Science Journal detailing these worlds’ compositions. The team found them to be made of similar stuff to each other, but quite unlike the planets in our solar system.
TRAPPIST-1 is a red dwarf star, by far the most common type of star in our Milky Way galaxy. Three of the TRAPPIST-1 planets are firmly within the star’s habitable zone – aka the Goldilocks’ Zone – in which liquid water can exist on a planet’s surface. At present, the feeling among astronomers is that it’s unlikely water will be found on the surfaces of TRAPPIST-1’s three innermost planets, and, if the four outermost planets do have surface water, it isn’t much. The discovery contradicts an early belief among astronomers that low-density planets like these must be abundant in water. It also raises questions about just how Earth-like and habitable the seven exoplanets might be.
Astrophysicist Martin Turbet of the University of Geneva is a co-author on the new study. He said in a statement:
By combining the planetary interior models from the Universities of Bern and Zürich with the planetary atmosphere models we are developing at the University of Geneva, we were able to evaluate the water content of the seven TRAPPIST-1 planets with a precision literally unprecedented for this category of planet.
Our internal and atmospheric structure models show that the three inner planets of the TRAPPIST-1 system are likely to be waterless, and that the four outer planets have no more than a few percent water, possibly in liquid form, on their surfaces.
Now let’s think a moment about the eight planets in our solar system. They vary widely in density, with the large gas and ice giants (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune) being less dense, and the terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars) being more dense. Since the seven bodies in TRAPPIST-1 were known to share a relatively similar density to each other, researchers were met with a quandary when comparing these exoplanets to Earth. If indeed any of them did have surface water, astronomers’ density estimates would need to change.
That’s why, at the outset of the study, researchers worked to determine whether the lower density of the seven exoplanets was the result of water or their interior makeup, both of which would determine whether the planets are very or only somewhat Earth-like in nature. According to a statement about the research, the exoplanets are roughly 8% less dense than Earth. For the lower density of the planets to be the result of surface water, roughly 5% of each planet’s mass would have to exist as surface water.
That’s a lot! In comparison, water represents just 0.1 percent of Earth’s mass. So you can see right away that these worlds are compositionally quite different from Earth.
Martin Turbet is an astronomer at the University of Geneva and a co-author on the study that calculated the densities of the exoplanets in TRAPPIST-1.
Eric Agol is an astronomer at the University of Washington and the lead author on the study that calculated the densities of the exoplanets in TRAPPIST-1.
Image via The Daily at the University of Washington.
But, as it turns out, even the potential for a few percent of water mass is questionable. Astronomer Eric Agol at the University of Washington is lead author on the research. He added in the statement that the planets are likely to have less than a few percent of water mass; otherwise, the similar densities within the group would be an extraordinary coincidence.
To answer this quandary, researchers examined the composition of the seven exoplanets, looking for similarities in the group and between the group and Earth. Most rocky planets are believed to be made of metals like magnesium, iron and nickel, and non-metals like sulfur, oxygen, and silicon. Due to the discrepancy in density between the group and Earth, researchers surmised that the TRAPPIST-1 exoplanets may have a similar makeup to Earth but with significantly different ratios, for example, a lower percentage of iron. While iron represents 32% of Earth’s total mass, the study indicates that iron should represent about 21% of the mass of each TRAPPIST-1 exoplanet.
Agol told EarthSky:
The lower density indicates that these planets have a different make-up, and hence a different history, than our solar system’s terrestrial planets. Perhaps the star + disk started off with less iron? Or perhaps the iron core never formed, and the iron remained oxidized in the mantle?
Artist’s concept of the similar densities of the 7 exoplanets in the TRAPPIST-1 star system. Their similar densities suggests they all have a similar composition. The new study has led scientists to believe that the planets have rocky surfaces and iron-rich cores. Their cores are likely smaller than Earth’s, since the planets each have a mass roughly 8% less than Earth’s. Previous theories considered deep ocean layers on the surface of each planet, or planets with no core.
To determine the mass of each planet, scientists measured changes in their orbital periods. They measured how long it took for each planet to orbit TRAPPIST-1 and to cross in front of the star as seen from Earth. This process is called transit timing. Combined with radius measurements of each planet, scientists were able to calculate the densities of the planets with more precision. Using a comparison against Earth’s mass, the team was able to calculate the percentage of iron likely to be present in each of the seven exoplanets.
Using data from the now decommissioned Spitzer Space Telescope, astronomers determined that all 7 of the planets orbiting TRAPPIST-1 have similar densities. This finding helped the astronomers characterize the composition of these exoworlds in comparison to Earth. While all 7 planets are considered to be roughly Earth-sized, they are each about 8% less dense than our home planet, meaning their makeup, while potentially similar to Earth, in terms of elements like iron, is significantly different in percentages.
Combining these data with radius measurements of each planet, scientists calculated the densities of the planets with more precision than before. Using a comparison against Earth’s mass, the team was able to calculate the percentage of iron likely to be present in each of the seven exoplanets.
Agol said:
We found that about 2/3 of the iron is required compared with Earth since these are lower density.
Whether the differences between Earth and the TRAPPIST planets change the potential for life somewhere in the TRAPPIST-1 system is a complicated question. While the presence of liquid water could signal the potential for life, other factors contribute to a planet’s suitability for life to arise, thrive, and survive. On Earth, for example, a strong magnetic field protects our planet and life from high-energy particles from the sun. Our atmosphere is filled with sufficient oxygen and carbon as well as other gases required for animal life, photosynthesis and habitable surface temperatures.
Despite these challenges, Agol is not discounting the potential for life on TRAPPIST-1 exoplanets just yet. He said:
The connection to habitability isn’t clear yet. The structure of the planets might affect their ability to have plate tectonics, to carry a magnetic field, and other possible implications. These aspects of Earth affect the presence and change of life on Earth.
So, lots of questions left to explore.
The study was made possible by data sets taken by the Spitzer Space Telescope since the discovery of the star system more than four years ago. Between 2016 and 2020, when the telescope was decommissioned and stopped collecting data, Spitzer recorded 1,075 hours of observing time for TRAPPIST-1. Although the decommissioning of Spitzer has put a hold on observations, it does not mark a permanent end to TRAPPIST-1 studies.
Agol said:
If the James Webb Space Telescope is successfully launched and commissioned later this year, then we plan to continue monitoring the transits with that telescope to try to detect the atmospheres withtransit transmission spectroscopy. Each transit will provide a timing, so we can continue to refine the masses of the planets.
After the discovery of exoplanets orbiting TRAPPIST-1 in 2016, the Spitzer Space Telescope logged 1,075 observing hours on the star system, generating enough data for astronomers to accurately determine the densities and makeup of each planet. The Spitzer Space Telescope was decommissioned in January 2020.
Bottom line: A new study of the seven Earth-sized exoplanets in the TRAPPIST-1 system indicate that all seven planets are extremely similar to each other in makeup, but potentially quite different from Earth.
Big discovery! NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope has revealed 7 Earth-sized planets orbiting a tiny star only 40 light-years away. Three of them are firmly in the habitable zone.
At a news conference in Washington D.C. today (February 22, 2017), NASA announced that its Spitzer Space Telescopehas observed the first known system of seven Earth-size planets around a single star. Three of these planets are firmly located in what’s called the habitable zone, the area around the parent star where a rocky planet is most likely to have liquid water – key to life as we know it. The discovery sets a new record for greatest number of known planets in a star’s habitable zone. After all, our solar system has only two planets in the habitable zone: Earth and Mars. This exoplanet system – called TRAPPIST-1 – has three.
Because they are located outside of our solar system, these planets are scientifically known as exoplanets.
This illustration shows the possible surface of TRAPPIST-1f, one of the newly discovered planets in the TRAPPIST-1 system. Scientists using the Spitzer Space Telescope and ground-based telescopes have discovered that there are seven Earth-size planets in the system.
Only about 40 light-years (235 trillion miles) from Earth, in the direction to our constellation Aquarius, TRAPPIST-1 – classified as an ultra-cool dwarf. It’s so cool that liquid water could survive on planets orbiting very close to it, closer than is possible on planets in our solar system. All seven of the TRAPPIST-1 planetary orbits are closer to their host star than Mercury is to our sun. According to a NASA statement:
The planets also are very close to each other. If a person was standing on one of the planet’s surface, they could gaze up and potentially see geological features or clouds of neighboring worlds, which would sometimes appear larger than the moon in Earth’s sky.
The researchers say that the planets might also be tidally locked to the TRAPPIST-1 star. That means that the same side of the planet is always facing the star, therefore each side is either in perpetual day or night. If that’s true, the planets could have weather patterns totally unlike those on Earth, such as strong winds blowing from the day side to the night side, and extreme temperature changes.
The TRAPPIST-1 star, an ultra-cool dwarf, has seven Earth-size planets orbiting it. This artist’s concept appeared on the cover of the journal Nature on February 23, 2017.
According to the study – published today in the journal Nature – all of the TRAPPIST-1 planets are likely to be rocky. Further observations will hopefully reveal whether any have liquid water on their surfaces. The mass of the seventh and farthest exoplanet hasn’t yet been estimated. Scientists believe it could be an icy, “snowball-like” world.
Michael Gillon, lead author of the paper and the principal investigator of the TRAPPIST exoplanet survey at the University of Liege, Belgium. Gillon said in a statement:
The seven wonders of TRAPPIST-1 are the first Earth-size planets that have been found orbiting this kind of star. It is also the best target yet for studying the atmospheres of potentially habitable, Earth-size worlds.
This artist’s concept shows what each of the TRAPPIST-1 planets may look like, based on available data about their sizes, masses and orbital distances.
Following up on the Spitzer discovery, NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope has initiated the screening of four of the planets, including the three inside the habitable zone.
This 360-degree panorama depicts the surface of a newly detected planet, TRAPPIST 1-d, part of a seven planet system some 40 light years away. Explore this artist’s rendering of an alien world by moving the view using your mouse or your mobile device.
Thomas Zurbuchen is associate administrator of NASA’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington. He said in a statement:
This discovery could be a significant piece in the puzzle of finding habitable environments, places that are conducive to life. Answering the question ‘are we alone’ is a top science priority and finding so many planets like these for the first time in the habitable zone is a remarkable step forward toward that goal.
This poster imagines what a trip to TRAPPIST-1e might be like.
Bottom line: NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope has observed 7 Earth-sized planets orbiting a tiny star called TRAPPIST-1. Three of them are firmly in the habitable zone.
In the animation in this post, the rhythmic movement of newly discovered planets around the star TOI-178 is represented through a musical harmony, created by attributing a note (in the pentatonic scale) to each of the planets. Hear the music of these planets.
The animation above represents the orbits and movements of the planets in the TOI-178 star system. All but one of these six exoplanets one locked in rare resonance orbits. This star is about 200 light-years away. As the planets orbit the star, they make patterns that repeat themselves rhythmically, with some planets aligning every few orbits. The European Space Agency – which announced the new finding today (January 25, 2021) – said the planets were found in data collected by its Cheops planet-watcher, a telescope in space. Their release said that the finding:
… challenges current theories of planet formation.
The results were published today (January 25, 2021) in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics.
In the artist’s animation above – which is through the European Southern Observatory – the rhythmic movement of the planets around their central star is represented by a musical harmony:
… created by attributing a note (in the pentatonic scale) to each of the planets. This note plays when a planet completes either one full orbit or one half orbit; when planets align at these points in their orbits, they ring in resonance.
So five of the worlds in the TOI-178 system create a kind of music of the spheres. In the meantime, ESA said, the planets have very different compositions from one another.
This graphic is a representation of the TOI-178 planetary system, as revealed by ESA’s exoplanet watcher Cheops. The system consists of 6 exoplanets, 5 of which are locked in a rare rhythmic dance as they orbit their central star. The 2 inner planets have terrestrial densities (like Earth) and the outer 4 planets are gaseous (with densities like Neptune and Jupiter). The 5 outer planets follow a rhythmic dance as they move in their orbits.
These distant planets aren’t the only objects in space known to follow resonance orbits. Three of Jupiter’s moons – Io, Europa and Ganymede – do something similar. For every orbit of Europa, Ganymede completes two orbits, and Io completes four. Astronomers would say this is a 4:2:1 pattern. ESA explained:
In the TOI-178 system, the resonant motion is much more complex as it involves five planets, following a 18:9:6:4:3 pattern. While the second planet from the star (the first in the pattern) completes 18 orbits, the third planet from the star (second in the pattern) completes nine orbits, and so on.
Three of Jupiter’s Galilean moons exhibit a 3-body resonance. Conjunctions are highlighted by brief color changes. There are two Io-Europa conjunctions (green) and three Io-Ganymede conjunctions (grey) for each Europa-Ganymede conjunction (magenta). This diagram – not to scale – is via Wikimedia Commons.
Astrophysicist Adrien Leleu of the University of Bern, the University of Geneva and the National Center of Competence in Research PlanetS led the research. His team found the relationships between five of six planets orbiting the star TOI-178. Leleu said:
This result surprised us, as previous observations with the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) of NASA pointed toward a three-planets system, with two planets orbiting very close together. We therefore observed the system with additional instruments, such as the ground based ESPRESSO spectrograph at the European Southern Observatory (ESO)’s Paranal Observatory in Chile, but the results were inconclusive.
When Leleu and his colleagues first proposed to investigate the system more closely, they weren’t sure what they’d find. Leleu said:
After analyzing the data from 11 days of observing the system with CHEOPS, it seemed that there were more planets than we had initially thought.
The team had identified at least five planets. They decided to invest another day of precious observation time on the system to confirm. They found that there were indeed five planets present with orbital periods of around 2, 3, 6, 10 and 20 days respectively.
While a system with five planets would have been quite a remarkable finding in itself, Leleu and his colleagues noticed that there might be more to the story: the system appeared to be in harmony. Leleu explained:
Our theory implied that there could be an additional planet in this harmony; however its orbital period needed to be very nearly 15 days.
Adrien Leleu of the Center for Space and Habitability (University of Bern, the University of Geneva and the National Center of Competence in Research PlanetS).
Image via University of Bern.
To check if their theory was in fact true, the team scheduled yet another observation with CHEOPS, at the exact time that this missing planet would pass by, if it existed. But then, an accident threatened to cancel their plans. Co-author Yann Alibert at the University of Bern commented:
Just before the time of the observation, a piece of space debris threatened to collide with the CHEOPS satellite.
Therefore, the control center of the European Space Agency (ESA) initiated an evasive maneuver of the satellite and all observations were interrupted. Another co-author, Nathan Hara of the University of Geneva, said:
But to our great relief, this maneuver was done very efficiently and the satellite could resume observations just in time to capture the mysterious planet passing by. A few days later, the data clearly indicated the presence of the additional planet and thus confirmed that there were indeed six planets in the TOI-178 system.
With that came another surprise: compared to the harmonic, orderly way the planets orbit around their star, their densities appear to be a wild mixture. ESA Project Scientist Kate Isaak said:
It is the first time we observed something like this. In the few systems we know with such a harmony, the density of planets steadily decreases as we move away from the star. In the TOI-178 system, a dense, terrestrial planet like Earth appears to be right next to a very fluffy planet with half the density of Neptune followed by one very similar to Neptune.
Adrien Leleu concluded:
The system therefore turned out to be one that that challenges our understanding of the formation and evolution of planetary systems.
Artist’s concept of the TOI-178 system with the planet in the foreground orbiting most distantly around the star.
Bottom line: The star system TOI-178 now is known to have 6 exoplanets, with all but one locked in rare resonance orbits. As the planets orbit the star, they make patterns that repeat rhythmically, with some planets aligning every few orbits. The European Space Agency announced the finding on January 25, 2021. It said the planets were found in data collected by its orbiting CHEOPS planet-hunter telescope.
At the request of President Joe Biden, a moon rock is now on display in the Oval Office.
Lunar sample 76015,143 is a remnant from a violent asteroid impact on the moon’s surface.
Astronauts collected the sample during Apollo 17, the final mission to the moon.
As President Joe Biden took the oath of office on the steps of the Capitol building on Wednesday, White House staffers busily prepared the Oval Office for his arrival. They added a bust of Caesar Chavez behind the resolute desk, swapped out one set of gold curtains for another, and replaced a portrait of Andrew Jackson with that of Benjamin Franklin, among other changes.
The White House team also added an alien artifact to the shelves of the Oval: a Hacky Sack-sized chunk of the moon.
According to a Washington Post report, Biden selected the lunar sample in hopes that it might "remind Americans of the ambition and accomplishments of earlier generations." The sample is on loan from NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, the agency says.
“I’m so jazzed, as are a lot of my colleagues,” Noah Petro, a Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter project scientist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, tells Popular Mechanics. “The first thing everybody wanted to know was ‘Which sample is it?’”
The answer: Lunar Sample 76015,143.
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Astronauts Harrison “Jack” Schmitt (the only geologist to ever visit the moon) and Eugene Cernan collected sample 76015,143 during Apollo 17, the final crewed mission to the moon. Notably, Apollo 17 took place in December 1972, the same month President Biden lost his first wife, Neilia, and daughter, Naomi, in a car accident.
NASA astronaut Jack Schmitt snapped this image of astronaut Eugene Cernan exploring Station 6, the field location where sample 76015,143 was collected.
NASA
Between 1969 and 1972, Apollo astronauts collected 842 pounds of lunar samples from the surface of the moon. “Every single piece of moon rock that was collected tells us something important about the history of the moon,” Petro says.
Schmitt chipped sample 76015,143 off of a boulder at Station 6, a field site at the base of the North Massif, a mountain on the northern side of the Taurus-Littrow Valley. You can actually watch Schmitt and Cernan traipse across the lunar surface and discuss the sample site on the website Apollo 17 in Real Time. The 3.9 billion-year-old sample, a type of rock called an impact melt breccia, tells the catastrophic tale of the last great asteroid impact on the near side of the moon.
When a meteor or asteroid hits the surface of the moon, it transfers an enormous amount of energy to the lunar surface, which can fracture and melt rock in the moon's crust, Petro explains. "That rock, when it melts, forms in a geologic instant," he says.
According to NASA, sample 76015,143 can be traced to the impact that created the Imbrium Impact Basin, a crater that's 711.5 miles in diameter. (Petro, however, argues the origin of sample 76015 is still up for interpretation.)
In any regard, samples like 76015,143 act as an important time capsule. "Since big impact events ‘reset’ the age of the rock, any date we measure from the sample can tell us when the impact happened," Michelle Thompson, a planetary scientist at Purdue University, tells Popular Mechanics. "By doing this for lots of different rocks, we can understand the bombardment history of the moon."
A lunar roving vehicle parked at Station 6.
NASA
Most of the lunar samples collected during the six Apollo missions are tightly sealed in storage containers at the Lunar Sample Laboratory Facility at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. Some of the samples were split into small pieces or sliced into thin sections and examined as soon after they arrived on Earth. Others remain untouched, preserved until technological advances can reveal even more about their origin. Scientists opened one sample, also from Apollo 17, just two years ago, months after the 50th anniversary of Apollo 11.
“What we learn from these samples is kind of the same stuff that we learn from samples on the Earth,” Petro says. “How did that material form? What is it made of? What kind of rock is it?”
But unlike rocks collected on Earth, lunar rock samples are extremely old. The moon, which researchers estimate to be at least 4.5 billion years old, doesn’t have rock-recycling plate tectonics like Earth does, and there aren’t the same erosive properties that eat away at Earth-bound rock outcrops. This means the lunar surface is home to some of the oldest rocks we can get our gloves on.
These samples also help researchers better understand the harsh environment of space. "If you look at the surface of the rock under a microscope, you can see all of these micro craters, produced by hypervelocity dust particles impacting the surface," Thompson says. "While Earth has an atmosphere to protect us, the moon doesn’t, and it's constantly bombarded with this dust."
President Bill Clinton holds a lunar sample given to him by Apollo astronauts Buzz Aldrin, Neil Armstrong and Michael Collins on the 30th anniversary of the mission.
TIM SLOANGETTY IMAGES
At times, NASA has struggled to keep track of all these samples, many of which have been cleaved apart into tinier pieces and loaned to museums and other research institutions around the world. President Richard Nixon gave several lunar souvenirs away as gifts to foreign dignitaries, who subsequently misplaced them. In 2002, three Johnson Space Center interns brazenly stole $2 million worth of moon rocks. The FBI later recovered the samples when the ringleader of the heist tried to sell them on the internet.
Sample 76015,143 isn’t the first lunar sample that has made its way into the Oval Office. On July 20, 1999, Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins presented President Bill Clinton with sample 10057,30, a sizable moon rock they collected during their historic mission to the lunar surface. (A 2.375-inch sliver pulled from the sample’s parent rock, 10057, was sandwiched between two panes of nitrogen-filled glass and fitted into a stained glass window at the Washington National Cathedral in 1974.)
The placement of sample 76015,143 in the Oval Office may signify more than Biden's commitment to science and technology; it may also hint at the direction in which he'll steer NASA.
In 2019, NASA unveiled the Artemis Program, which aims to send the first woman and next man to the moon in 2024. It's a tight deadline, and the program has already experienced a number of delays and cost overruns. Many havequestioned whether the Biden administration will choose to refocus efforts elsewhere in the solar system.
In its press release announcing the placement of sample 76015,143, NASA claimed the sample signifies a "support for America’s current moon to Mars exploration approach."
Sample 76015,143 may be as much of a window into the future as it is into the past.
In symbolic recognition of earlier generations’ ambitions and accomplishments, and support for America’s current Moon to Mars exploration approach, a Moon rock now sits in the Oval Office of the White House. At the request of the incoming Biden Administration, NASA loaned the Moon rock that was put on display in the Oval Office Jan. 20. It is from the Lunar Sample Laboratory Facility at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, and its display case is inscribed with the following:
Lunar Sample 76015,143
Apollo 17 astronaut Ronald Evans and moonwalkers Harrison Schmitt and Eugene Cernan, the last humans to set foot on the Moon, chipped this sample from a large boulder at the base of the North Massif in the Taurus-Littrow Valley, 3 km (almost 2 miles) from the Lunar Module. This 332 gram piece of the Moon (less than a pound), which was collected in 1972, is a 3.9-billion-year-old sample formed during the last large impact event on the nearside of the Moon, the Imbrium Impact Basin, which is 1,145 km or 711.5 miles in diameter.
The irregular sample surfaces contain tiny craters created as micrometeorite impacts have sand-blasted the rock over millions of years. The flat, sawn sides were created in NASA’s Lunar Curation Laboratory when slices were cut for scientific research. This ongoing research is imperative as we continue to learn about our planet and the Moon, and prepare for future missions to the cislunar orbit and beyond.
News travels fast — at the lickety-split speed of light, potentially. Back in December, great attention was paid to a report that a mysterious radio signal appeared to have come from the vicinity of Proxima Centauri, the closest star to Earth.
Proxima Centauri, which is just 4.2 light-years from us, is known to host two planets. One of those two worlds, Proxima b, is slightly more massive than Earth and might be capable of supporting life as we know it.
The Breakthrough Listen project, part of the Breakthrough Initiatives group, made the recent detection using the Parkes radio telescope in Australia, dubbing the signal BLC1 for "Breakthrough Listen Candidate 1."
Breakthrough Initiatives is backed by Yuri Milner, a science and technology investor and philanthropist who founded the organization. Its Breakthrough Listen activity is a $100 million program of astronomical observations and analysis, the most comprehensive ever undertaken in the search for evidence of technological civilizations in the universe.
Space.com recently talked with Breakthrough Initiatives executive director Simon Peter "Pete" Worden about BLC1 and the search for alien "technosignatures" more generally; the protocols for announcing an ET detection; and the latest about the prospects for life on Venus, another study effort being undertaken by Breakthrough Initiatives.
Spoiler alert: Don't be heartbroken in learning how tough "radio-waving" between civilizations truly is!
Space.com: What's the latest on the purported Proxima Centauri signal?
Worden: We're about to submit our papers on the signal. We're virtually certain now that it's interference. I can't get into the details. However, our intent was that this was kind of a pathfinder, so we're happy with the opportunity. It's the first signal that passed our basic test.
Space.com: That basic test comes down to what elements?
Worden: The key thing for us is that we have gone through the "what if" — what if it's this, what if it's that? What are the sources of interference? So we're just about completed with that. An internal review team is looking at our papers, one on the approach we've taken, and the other is on the actual data collected. Then we'll submit them to a journal. But we're virtually certain that it was interference.
The Parkes radio telescope is an icon of Australian science, and one part of the Australia Telescope National Facility. (Image credit: Parkes Radio Telescope/Australia Telescope National Facility)
Space.com: So it was a good test of the procedures that you have set in place?
Worden: Yes, but it's a technical thing too. Ultimately, this underscores that we need to have several different instruments. We're just in the process of bringing online the South African MeerKAT radio telescope, the first phase of the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) set of radio dishes. In fact, we're probably going to do some coordinated observations, both with MeerKAT and the Parkes radio telescope in the next couple of months. In general, we're learning what it is that we expect to see in terms of a technosignature.
Space.com: The Parkes telescope in Australia, used to pick up the signal, reportedly has had trouble in the past with interference. Why so?
Worden:That's true of any radio telescope. A big issue a decade ago — whenfast radio bursts[FRBs] were detected, there were two kinds of FRBs. One of them we now understand as a fast radio burst … the other one turned out to be due to microwave interference. There's all sorts of interference that you have to track down. The real answer is that when you see these things you need to very quickly bring a second instrument online.
S. Pete Worden, executive director of Breakthrough Initiatives. (Image credit: S. Pete Worden)
Space.com: The Proxima Centauri signal story first broke in the media. Should there be a look at protocols for handling release of information that, indeed, a technosignture has been discovered?
Worden: The only protocol we have is the "Declaration of Principles Concerning Activities Following the Detection of Extraterrestrial Intelligence," which was developed by the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA). So our next task is to set up something, probably very comparable to the Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. That hasn't been set up as yet. There are no government protocols for this. Then there's a related issue that has to do with managing the messaging to extraterrestrial intelligence.
Space.com: What lessons learned can you glean from this Breakthrough Listen Candidate 1 incident?
Worden: This was the first red-alert process. It mostly worked OK. We were reasonably pleased. It leaked to the press. There were probably about 20 people on the team. So it's hard to figure out why it wouldn't leak.
S. Pete Worden, executive director of Breakthrough Initiatives, with Knight-Commander of the Luxembourg Legion of Merit. (Image credit: S. Pete Worden)
Obviously, job one is to set up networks to validate that a signal is a technosignature or could be. We're working through that. No matter how interesting an individual signal is, it's still a random signal until it is validated by different instruments, different researchers. So the question is how to get other people quickly on the sky to look at these things. As we have more and more instruments and better and better detectors, we're going to get a lot of things like this. So don't get too excited when there's an alert for a bunch of people to go take a look at things. As for a bottom line, we really want to make the technosignature area a legitimate scientific concern once again. It's now on the way to being that.
Space.com: Lastly, Breakthrough Initiatives is also studying a look at the findings that the upper atmosphere of Venus may be a hot spot for life. What is the status of your study?
Worden: It is going pretty well. Sara Seager, an astrophysicist and planetary scientist at MIT, is leading that. We're doing a design study as well as some lab work about what to look for at Venus. We're getting back to Yuri Milner in the next month or two and see if he wants to go forward with some sort of mission. We're looking at small, medium and large missions. We have been working with a number of people, including Rocket Lab and their interest in this area.
Venus in ultraviolet light, as seen by NASA's Pioneer-Venus Orbiter in 1979. Does life lurk within the planet's top cloud layer? (Image credit: NASA)
Space.com: What's your personal take about the life-in-the-Venus-clouds proposition?
Worden: There's something very interesting [at Venus]. I think the only way we're going to figure it out is actually send a probe there. What do you look for? It turns out we can probably send a small probe fairly quickly and fairly cheaply, for tens of millions of dollars. The question is how definitive is the result that it gets. Then the question has to be followed up with a larger thing that gets into the atmosphere of Venus. Ultimately, you want to grab something, put it under a microscope, obtain a detailed chemical analysis and image it. So that's where we are.
Leonard David is author of the recently released book, "Moon Rush: The New Space Race," published by National Geographic in May 2019. A longtime writer for Space.com, David has been reporting on the space industry for more than five decades. Follow us @Spacedotcom, Facebook. This version of the story published on Space.com.
The Wendigo is without doubt a highly dangerous creature, one which is a staple part of the folklore and legend of the Native American tribe known as the Algonquin. The monster is typically described as a tall, crazed and violent thing that roams the forests of the Pacific Northwest, the northernmost states of the U.S., and Canada. It is a large, humanoid beast that dines on human flesh. There is, however, another aspect to the lore surrounding the Wendigo. Namely, that if a person eats human flesh, he or she can shapeshift into a Wendigo. Adding to the legend, the Wendigo has the ability to take control of our minds – always for terrible and horrific reasons. In that sense, as well as a shapeshifting angle, there is what we might term a mind-shifting process, too.
Legends of America state: “The legend lends its name to the disputed modern medical term Wendigo psychosis, which is considered by some psychiatrists to be a syndrome that creates an intense craving for human flesh and a fear of becoming a cannibal. Ironically, this psychosis is said to occur within people living around the Great Lakes of Canada and the United States. Wendigo psychosis usually develops in the winter in individuals who are isolated by heavy snow for long periods. The initial symptoms are poor appetite, nausea, and vomiting. Subsequently, the individual develops a delusion of being transformed into a Wendigo monster. People who have Wendigo psychosis increasingly see others around them a being edible. At the same time, they have an exaggerated fear of becoming cannibals.”
Business Standard say: “Despite their gaunt physiques, Wendigo are described by some as giants, measuring at about 14.8 to 15 feet in height. Whilst there are slight variations as to the physical description of this creature amongst the different Algonquian peoples, it is generally agreed that Wendigo have glowing eyes, long yellowed fangs and long tongues. Most Wendigo are also said to have sallow and yellowish skin, though others say that they are matted with hair or have decaying skin. According to ethno-historian Nathan Carlson, it’s also been said that the wendigo has large, sharp claws and massive eyes like an owl. However, some other people simply describe the wendigo as a skeleton-like figure with ash-toned skin.”
One of the more intriguing theories for what may have provoked the legends of the Wendigo is that they were based upon early, centuries-old reports of Bigfoot encounters. Certainly, there are more than a few reports in which Bigfoot-type beasts have acted violently in the presence of people. There are even reports of people vanishing in the woods and forests of the United States – amid theories that the Bigfoot, when food is scarce, will feed on just about anything. And that includes us. Of the various stories that surround the Wendigo, certainly the most horrific revolves around a Cree Native American named Swift Runner, who lived with his family in an area of forest close to Edmonton, Canada.
As 1878 rolled over into 1879, Swift Runner turned up in the city of St. Albert, Canada. He told a bleak and harrowing story of how all of his family – his wife, his six children, and his mother and brother – had fallen victim to the recent, hostile winter, in which food was beyond scarce and temperatures plunged. As plausible as the story told by Swift Runner to a group of Catholic priests sounded, there was a significant red flag. Swift Runner hardly looked emaciated. In fact, he looked very well fed. That’s because he was: Swift Runner spent the winter devouring his entire family, eating their flesh and gnawing on their bones – as the St. Albert police found to their horror when they traveled to the site of his home in the woods. Suspicions soon began to surface that Swift Runner was possessed by a Wendigo: he began to exhibit bizarre activity, such as howling, growling, and screaming in savage fashion. Tales circulated that, on one occasion, Swift Runner was seen to transform into a savage-looking humanoid, a definitive Wendigo – something caused by his taste for human flesh.
The Wow! signal owes its name to the exclamation written on a paper printout from Ohio State’s Big Ear Radio Telescope in1972 that was evidence of a strange 72-second signal that stunned astronomer Jerry Ehman, and its lasting fame to the fact that it’s never been explained and never been picked up again. A recent paper claimed to have traced the signal to the star 2MASS 19281982-2640123 in the Sagittarius constellation 1800 light-years from Earth, but it’s still a theory. Now, another astronomer has proposed to have identified Wow! as leakage from a power beam propelling an extraterrestrial spacecraft. Time to drop the mic and yell “Wow!”?
“The most observable leakage radiation from an advanced civilization may well be from the use of power beaming to accelerate spacecraft and transfer energy. Power beams are now more credible because we’re building our own: The Starshot project plans launching probes to nearby stars in this century, making power beaming a credible source concept. And power beaming is being developed for military applications, where it is termed ‘directed energy’.”
James Benford, a plasma physicist and CEO of Microwave Sciences, summarizes in Centauri Dreams the paper he’s presented to the journal Astrobiology. He compares the Wow! signal to the powerful laser beams being proposed to power laser sails to nearby stars and to the ‘directed energy’ weapons being developed by militaries to attack and destroy without explosives. In his summary, Benford proposes that leakage – energy that doesn’t directly hit the propelled object – could be powerful enough to be seen by other nearby intelligent species, and shows how it would explain the four parameters of the Wow! signal — the power density received, the signal’s duration, its frequency and its revisit time. The last parameter is the interval until the signal is seen again and Benford explains that it’s the least discussed but possibly the strongest argument for power beam leakage.
“The Wow! observation has never recurred. I take this absence as a clue to its origin.”
Leakage of a highly directed high power beam from around the vehicle would still be powerful, explaining parameter 1. The Big Ear was fixed in orientation, rotating with the Earth, and the duration of the Wow! signal – 38 seconds – matched the duration of a model of a power beam from another star system – 36 seconds, explaining parameter 2. The Wow! Signal was at the 1.42 GHz frequency, a protected radio astronomy bandwidth, so it couldn’t be a transmission from Earth or its satellites – parameter 3. Finally, there’s the recurrence factor.
“The angle of the radiated beam with respect to the light path between the two stars is larger than the width of the beam. Thus, the beam is generally not observable from the target planetary system. If the Wow! was driving a probe to a star, that star was at that time far from the direction of the beam. Earth could accidentally receive the leakage from the beam, since stars move relative to each other. So leakage radiation from star probe launches using the Wow! beam will not be seen again from Earth. This fits the non-observations to date.”
laser sail depiction
Wow! Benford concludes that power beams are the most credible explanation for Wow! because we’re building our own, thus proving they can existence. He also builds a case for treating SETI as a search for these random power beams rather than communications signals – a case that will take a lot more convincing of the astronomy and SETI worlds focused on those types of signals.
It’s not time to drop the mic – but James Benford definitely builds a case for tossing it in the air or spinning it around on its cord (for fans of a certain age).
Banned Disney UFO Documentary: Alien Encounters From New Tomorrowland 2021
Banned Disney UFO Documentary: Alien Encounters From New Tomorrowland 2021
“Alien Encounters From New Tomorrowland” BANNED DISNEY UFO DOCUMENTARY In March of 1995, without warning, Disney aired a family special. the documentary was so controversial that it was pulled from the airwaves and banned from ever being shown again. Robert Urich, the legendary Jim Street in S.W.A.T. (1975), is the host of this voyage around the UFO’s and its mystery.
From New Tomorrowland, in Disneyland, Urich talks about UFO, contacts, evidence of it arrives, abductions, military documents, and other things that surround this controversial thematic. From the 30′s years ahead, the UFOs always have been there very close to us, every day, every time. Exist the aliens?,in truth, they come to planet Earth? Could it be a fiction created by the military?
And the last and most important question: if they exist, would they will be our friends…or our enemies? Written by Chockys
Nog een maatje groter: zwarte gaten kunnen volgens astronomen ‘Stupendously’ zwaar worden
Er zijn zwarte gaten, zware zwarte gaten, superzware zwarte gaten, en vanaf heden zijn er ook belachelijk grote, krankzinnige of kolossale zwarte gaten: ‘Stupendously Large Black Holes‘ werden ze gedoopt, kortweg SLAB’s. Deze exemplaren kunnen volgens onderzoekers wel 100 miljard keer zwaarder zijn dan de zon.
Het is wellicht een van de meest fascinerende verschijnselen in de ruimte: een zwart gat of een gebied in de (astronomische) ruimte waar de zwaartekracht zo sterk is dat het alles in zijn buurt genadeloos opslokt, zelfs de meest heldere sterren. Fascinerend, maar ook ontzettend mysterieus.
Zo mysterieus dat wetenschappers van de Queen Mary University of London in hun recent onderzoek - gepubliceerd in The Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society - ‘hypothetische’ zwarte gaten omschrijven. “Hoewel er momenteel geen enkel bewijs is gevonden voor het bestaan van SLAB’s, is het geloofwaardig dat ze bestaan”, aldus astronoom en onderzoeker Bernard Carr.
Massa en omvang van
Hoe zit dat dan precies met die massa van zwarte gaten? Zwarte gaten kunnen onderverdeeld worden in verschillende categorieën, afhankelijk van hun massa. Zo zijn er minuscule zwarte gaten. Hun massa varieert van enkele gram tot het gewicht van de maan. Daarnaast zijn er stellaire zwarte gaten met een massa van 5 tot wel 100 zonsmassa’s - een standaardeenheid, gelijk aan de massa van de zon. Planeten zijn overigens veel lichter dan de zon. Zo is een zonsmassa gelijk aan 328.901 maal de massa van de aarde. Middelgrote zwarte gaten hebben een massa van 500 tot 1.000 zonsmassa’s.
Superzware zwarte gaten hebben tot slot een massa tot (vele) miljoenen de massa van de zon. Messier 87 (M87) is daar een - inmiddels wereldberoemd - voorbeeld van. Dit monster is wel 6,5 miljard keer zo zwaar als onze zon en werd op 10 april 2019 als eerste zwarte gat gefotografeerd.
En daar zou het stoppen, zo redeneerden astronomen tot voor kort. Er zou een limiet op de massa van zwarte gaten zitten: ze groeien en trekken materie aan, maar door te groeien wordt hun omgeving ook ‘schoongeblazen’ wat ervoor zorgt dat ze uiteindelijk niet meer groter worden. Althans, dat dacht men.
SLAB’s
Maar nu komen de SLAB’s om de hoek loeren, hypothetische primordiale zwarte gaten die miljarden keren zwaarder dan de zon kunnen zijn. Waar dat idee plotseling vandaan komt? Volgens het recente onderzoek zouden de zwarte gaten toch nog kunnen groeien dankzij ‘Weakly Interacting Massive Particles’ (WIMPs) of hypothetische deeltjes donkere materie - nog zo’n mysterieus gegeven. Deze deeltjes materie reageren niet met licht (waardoor we ze ook niet kunnen waarnemen) wat in het voordeel van de zwarte gaten speelt. Waar andere (kleinere) zwarte gaten groot worden door stervende sterren te verslinden en/of samen te smelten met andere zwarte gaten, groeit een SLAB dankzij de zwarte materie.
GERELATEERDE VIDEO'S, uitgekozen en gepost door peter2011
Ruimtetelescoop CHEOPS onthult uniek planetair systeem: “Eerste keer dat we dit waarnemen”
De Zwitsers-Europese ruimtetelescoop CHEOPS heeft een uniek planetair systeem onthuld, zo heeft het Europese Ruimtevaartburea ESA maandag bekendgemaakt. De vondst stelt trouwens de huidige planeetvormingstheorieën op de proef.
De ontdekking van een toenemend aantal planetenstelsels, die niet op ons eigen zonnestelsel lijken, blijft ons begrip van de vorming en evolutie van planeten verbeteren. "Een indrukwekkend voorbeeld is het planetenstelsel TOI-178, zo'n 200 lichtjaar van ons vandaan in de Beeldhouwer-constellatie", zegt ESA maandag.
Astronomen verwachtten al dat ster TOI-178 twee of meer exoplaneten zou herbergen nadat ze deze hadden geobserveerd met NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). Nieuwe, zeer nauwkeurige waarnemingen met de in 2019 gelanceerde CHEOPS laten nu zien dat de ster minstens zes planeten herbergt en dat dit vreemde zonnestelsel een zeer unieke structuur kent.
Een van de bijzondere eigenschappen is dat de planeten - behalve de planeet die het dichtst bij de ster staat - een ritmische dans volgen als deze zich in hun banen bewegen. Dit verschijnsel heet ‘orbitale resonantie’, en houdt in dat er patronen zijn die zich herhalen terwijl de planeten rond de ster draaien, waarbij sommige planeten om de paar draaiingen op één lijn komen te staan.
Een soortgelijke resonantie wordt volgens ESA waargenomen in de banen van drie manen van Jupiter: Io, Europa en Ganymedes. Voor iedere draaiing van Europa maakt Ganymedes twee draaiingen, en Io maakt er vier (dit is dus een 4:2:1 patroon).
Een van de exoplaneten, een dichte, aardse planeet zoals de onze, ligt vlak naast een even grote en pluizige planeet - zoals een kleine Jupiter, en daarnaast ligt een planeet die erg op Neptunus lijkt
Veel complexer
In het TOI-178 systeem is de resonante beweging veel complexer aangezien er vijf planeten bij betrokken zijn, die een 18:9:6:4:3 patroon volgen. Terwijl de tweede planeet van de ster (de eerste van het patroon) 18 draaiingen voltooit, voltooit de derde planeet van de ster (tweede van het patroon) negen draaiingen, enzovoort.
Hoewel de planeten in het TOI-178 systeem op een zeer ordelijke manier rond hun ster draaien, volgen hun dichtheden geen bepaald patroon. Een van de exoplaneten, een dichte, aardse planeet zoals de onze, ligt vlak naast een even grote en pluizige planeet - zoals een kleine Jupiter, en daarnaast ligt een planeet die erg op Neptunus lijkt.
ESA/CHEOPS Mission Consortium/A. Leleu et al.
Onverwacht
"Dit is niet wat we verwacht hadden, en het is de eerste keer dat we zo'n opstelling in een planetenstelsel waarnemen", zegt Adrien Leleu van de Universiteit van Bern en Genève.
"In de weinige systemen die we kennen waar de planeten in dit resonantieritme ronddraaien, nemen de dichtheden van de planeten geleidelijk af naarmate we ons verder van de ster verwijderen, en dat is ook wat we op grond van de theorie verwachten."
Geen catastrofale gebeurtenis
Catastrofale gebeurtenissen zoals reusachtige inslagen zouden de grote variaties in de dichtheden van de planeten kunnen verklaren, maar het TOI-178 systeem zou niet zo evenwichtig zijn als dit het geval zou zijn geweest. "De draaiingen in dit systeem zijn zeer goed geordend, wat ons vertelt dat dit systeem sinds de geboorte vrij rustig geëvolueerd is", zegt Yann Alibert van de Universiteit van Bern.
De ontdekking van de complexe structuur van het TOI-178 systeem stelt zodoende de huidige theorieën over planeetvorming op de proef.
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Pilot Captures Foo Fighter Near His Plane Over Karachi, Pakistan 1-23-2021, UFO Sighting News.
Pilot Captures Foo Fighter Near His Plane Over Karachi, Pakistan 1-23-2021, UFO Sighting News.
Above screenshot has a pakistan png plane added to give you an idea of what he was flying.
Date of sighting: 1-23-2021
Location of sighting: Over Ocean area near Karachi, Pakistan
Source: MUFON, reported today.
Wow, just wow! Guys this is 100% an actual foo fighter. The legendary WWII orbs that would ride along side the planes and follow them over the ocean. This sighting took place along the coast near the city of Karachi, Pakistan. Look carefully at the screenshot above. Do you notice it has a metal ring around it and a brilliant white light coming from its center? That is the most focused Foo fighter photo in the history of UFO research! Absolute proof aliens are still following planes and keeping an eye on humanities activities. Best freaking sighting in several months.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
Eyewitness states:
We were flying at 35000 feet.Operating Captain was just in the process of sitting down on his seat and the aircraft started to turn on the route which enabled him to see this brilliant white round object above and to the right of the aircraft.It could either have been hovering or moving slowly (difficult to tell due relative motion).Cell phone cameras were put in action fat to capture the object.After landing was found out that it had been seen/filmed in different areas as well.
Is there anyone out there? What is the alien agenda? And why has the government gone to such great lengths to stifle the overwhelming evidence that otherworldly creatures exist? Some of our greatest minds ask these questions and more in a quest to unveil the truth behind this massive cover-up–and whether Earth can afford to ignore the extraterrestrial messages much longer.
Enlarge/ Three barrels welded together are lowered onto a pressure dome for SN2 at the South Texas Launch Site this week.
BOCA CHICA BEACH, Texas—How badly does Elon Musk want to get to Mars? Let me tell you a story. On Sunday, February 23, Musk called an all-hands meeting at the South Texas site where SpaceX is building his Starship spacecraft.
It was 1am.
At an hour when most Americans were throwing down their last shots before closing time, at home in bed, or binge-watching The Office before it leaves Netflix, Musk brought his team together. He wanted to know why the Starship factory wasn’t humming at all hours. Why steel sheets weren’t getting welded into domes and fuel tanks, why tanks were not being stacked into rockets, why things weren’t going as fast as he wanted.
Musk always wants to go fast. He will not live forever, and the money may eventually run dry. He knows this. One day, the window to spread humanity to Mars may close, but Musk doesn’t know when. So he needs to squeeze through before the window shuts.
To really accelerate, his bleary-eyed engineers and technicians responded, they needed enough employees to assign workers to particular stations within the burgeoning factory, allowing each person to specialize. This would require a lot more hands that could build things.
“I said, ‘OK no problem,’” Musk recalls. “I said, ‘You can hire people—just know your reputation is on the line. Don’t bring your brother-in-law who can’t ever get a job. Not that person, OK? You’re going to be responsible for them. Everyone’s got their relatives that they know at the family gathering who, man, I sure as hell wouldn’t want to work with that person. Don’t bring that person. Bring the person who you’d put your reputation on the line for.’”
SpaceX had held a much publicized “career day” in early February, and the company hired several dozen new employees. By contrast, this Starship factory’s scale-up would be all word of mouth. And it would happen immediately.
Musk told his team members they would have a recruitment gathering just 12 hours later, at 1pm that Sunday. They would have another one on Monday at 1pm and then again at 8pm. Long lines of people showed up, family members and friends, mostly local. Cars and trucks jammed the roadside up and down Boca Chica Highway. At 11pm on Monday night, SpaceX was still hiring.
All told, the company added 252 people to its South Texas Launch Site on that Sunday and Monday. It doubled the workforce, just like that, to more than 500 workers. Most of the new hires, even those who had inked contracts at midnight, were told to report for work the next morning. A year ago, perhaps a dozen or so people worked on site. Soon, the Texas factory will probably be SpaceX’s largest location outside of its headquarters in Hawthorne, California.
Elon Musk will spend money to go fast, and in South Texas he is proving it. In a matter of weeks, SpaceX has built a small city down here, hard by the Rio Grande River. It is all rather astonishing. And maybe, just maybe, this new Muskville really will serve as a launch pad to the first city on Mars.
Meet the chief engineer
This past weekend, following the hiring spree, I visited the company’s facilities at Musk’s invitation. My tour included a visit to the launch pad. You may have seen the video footage of a Starship prototype known as Serial Number 1 (SN1) blowing apart during a pressurization test. This happened the night before my arrival. Engineers had loaded liquid nitrogen into the vehicle’s fuel tanks to determine their ability to hold very cold liquids at high pressure. The answer: not very well.
Starship SN1 test failure.
Bent, blackened, and charred, steel wreckage was strewn about the site. At first glance, it looked bad. But upon closer inspection, not all seemed lost. The launch tower for the vehicle appeared largely undamaged. The ground systems and fuel tanks that support Starship on the pad were located behind a berm and bore only a few scars from rocket shrapnel.
SN1 was never destined to fly, anyway. The plan for this vehicle, had it survived the pressurization test, was to install a Raptor engine and perform a static test firing. If everything looked just right on this test, Musk might have greenlighted a test with three Raptor engines. But probably not. The attitude of engineers working on the program boiled down to this: it sucks to lose SN1, but the next vehicle in line is already outpacing it. SN2 will soon be ready for tank testing.
Not that Musk felt particularly happy about losing a Starship. On Saturday and Sunday, he huddled with his engineers inside the University of Texas’ Stargate building, at the periphery of the company’s South Texas footprint. A year ago, the few rooms SpaceX leased on the building’s second floor were the only facilities on site aside from a few construction trailers. Now it is merely the front door. SpaceX has taken over the entire building, turning it into a mix of offices and storage.
On Sunday afternoon, I met Musk inside a Stargate conference room where he sat at a long table, wearing an “Occupy Mars” T-shirt and drinking a Diet Coke.
This gallery shows the aftermath of SN1's pressure test failure. This piece flew more than 100 meters, and across Boca Chica Highway.
Eric Berger
Just a shot showing Starhopper's proximity to the launch pad. It survived!
This rocket has ceased to be. It rests in peace. This is an ex-rocket.
A close-up view of Starhopper, just because. We were told that the landing legs were made of the biggest pipe an engineer could order online, and get delivered within 48 hours.
Here's an upper view of hopper. She was a pig. Her walls were made from 13mm-thick steel. SN2 will be made with 4mm thick walls.
Things got a bit hot coming in for a landing.
More views of SN1 here.
Launch stand is mostly good, however.
So is the ground support equipment (although we passed a few chunks of debris that ended up there).
The nearby landing site is unharmed.
A second shard of debris on the other side of the highway.
“Well, I just had a lot of talks with the team about that today,” he said of the SN1 failure. “It’s what you might call the thrust puck—there’s an inverted cone where we mount the three sea-level engines. In fact, it’s drawn on that whiteboard over there.”
He walked up to the whiteboard and pointed to a frowning face. “This is my drawing,” he said with a smirk. Then, with a dry-erase marker in hand, Musk proceeded to lecture about rockets.
“There’s a sad face because we have an inverted cone,” he said. “It’s such a dumb design. It’s one of the dumbest things on the whole rocket because it’s heavy, expensive, and unreliable.”
Basically, the SN1 failure boiled down to bad welds in a weak section of Starship near the engine. When exposed to pressure, the welds burst.
Musk was not happy because he had not heard about this specific issue, in this section of Starship, before the test failure. Do you think Musk addressed that with his team? Yeah, he addressed that.
“We sent out a note to the team that this was badly designed, badly built, and badly checked,” he said. “That’s just a statement of fact. I met with the whole quality team, and I said, ‘Did you think that that thing was good?’ They said, ‘No.’ I told them that, in the future, you treat that rocket like it’s your baby, and you do not send it to the test site unless you think your baby’s going to be OK. They said that they did raise the concern to one of the engineers. But that engineer didn’t do anything. ‘OK,’ I said, ‘then you need to email me directly.’ Now they understand. If you email me directly, and if I buy off on the risk, then it’s OK. What’s not OK is they think that the weld is not good, they don’t tell me, they take it to the pad and blow it up. Now I have been clear. There’s plenty of forgiveness if you pass me the buck. There is no forgiveness if you don’t.”
What you need to understand about Musk is that he is the chief engineer of SpaceX—and that’s not a courtesy title. Musk previously told me that at the very beginning of SpaceX, no great engineers would take the job, and what’s the point of hiring someone to be chief engineer who isn’t great? So he became the chief engineer of SpaceX. Almost every technical rocket decision made at SpaceX comes to him eventually. Especially the hard ones. He has spent many, if not the majority, of his days since December in South Texas. During Christmas, employees there say, he worked all-nighters alongside them to get the dome structure and the welds right for SN1.
Yet Musk has not been spending so much of his time in South Texas just to build a Starship. Rather, he’s trying to build a production line for Starships. He wants to build a lot of them. And fast, always fast.
“Production is at least 1,000 percent harder than making one of something,” he said. “At least 1,000 percent harder.”
Musk should know. He lived through “production hell” at Tesla in 2017 and 2018, building up factories, changing processes, spending many sleepless nights and going through all manner of mental agony. Now, Tesla is making as many as 10,000 cars a week.
He wants to implement a similar system in South Texas. Musk, in fact, aims to reach a point where the company builds a Starship a week by the end of this year. And after that? Maybe they’ll go faster. SpaceX is designing its factory here to build a Starship every 72 hours.
The knuckle seamer
In addition to hiring, SpaceX has rapidly expanded its facilities in South Texas in recent months. The company has built two large windbreaks, which will essentially serve as “high bays” for stacking the Starship vehicle. In just the last six weeks, SpaceX completed construction of two football-field sized tents and is working on a third. Although they are huge, the tents were not quite tall enough for SpaceX’s needs. So the first two are stacked on a single row of sea vans, the intermodal containers used to ship material around the world. Eventually, SpaceX plans to cut windows in the sea vans and make offices. Because the third tent needs to be even higher, it is stacked on a double row of sea vans.
Musk wants a linear flow through the tents, whereby rocket parts come into one end of the factory and move from station to station until large chunks of Starship end up in a high bay for stacking into a vehicle.
The process of building a Starship on site begins with large “barrels.” Each of these is about two meters tall and nine meters in diameter. To make a barrel, a length of 301 full hard stainless steel is unspooled, cut once, and welded along this seam into a cylinder. In an unpressurized state the barrels are cumbersome, as each weighs nearly 1,600kg. To construct the outer skin of Starship, 17 barrels are stacked and welded together, with a nose cone on top. As of Saturday, since manufacturing operations began in Boca Chica about 11 months ago, the company has built 50 barrels. But the process is accelerating. The company can now make two barrels a day, and it aims to reach a production cadence of four barrels a day.
The first of the big new tents, erected in January, is filled with tank domes for the SN2 and SN3 vehicles. Pressurized domes are difficult because they cap off the ends of fuel tanks and must hold chilled rocket propellant—in Starship’s case, methane—and liquid oxygen at high pressures. So they must be made with care. The current process for building a pressure dome takes about a week; 1 or 2 days to tack up and fit steel sheets, 4 days to weld the sheets together, and 1 to 2 days for X-ray inspections and repairs. But in Muskville, taking a week to make a dome is way too slow.
So Musk has challenged his team to find ways to go faster, to cut production time, and to improve weld qualities. He has let his engineers engineer. And they think they’re close to a solution for dome welding with a tool called a “knuckle seamer.” They built a prototype in the second tent.
The knuckle seamer looks something like a giant zipper that articulates over the front and back of a dome, like a taco shell around its filling. On the front, the seam to be welded is designed to line up along the zipper, which clamps down for a precise fit. Then, in about 10 minutes, an automated torch will trace down the length of the curve, providing a precise weld. Following this, the dome is rotated to bring the next seam into view.
Other engineers have built an in-house, shielded machine to X-ray the welds. Presently, an X-ray team shows up, quarantines a work area, the premises are vacated, and then radiation tests look for imperfections. With this new X-ray machine, SpaceX hopes to compress a process that can take a day down to a few hours.
This is all happening so fast. These machines existed only in the minds of engineers four weeks ago. The tent they’ve installed them in for testing was built less than three weeks ago. Musk has always had a knack for hiring brilliant young engineers, and those in the Boca Chica tents were mostly in their 20s, busting their tails for the boss. Willingly. Why? Because Musk empowers them to go fast, do cool things, and, very soon, to see their machines fly.
Absolutely mad
Why the hell does Elon Musk need to build so many Starships, anyway?
Because he’s actually serious about settling Mars. It’s not a joke. It’s not a con for more government money (although Musk won’t turn that down). No, Mars is the raison d’être for SpaceX. And now, in South Texas, Musk is getting close enough to Mars that he can almost taste its red dirt.
Let’s just step back for a moment to acknowledge how nuts this is. Starship is only the upper stage for SpaceX’s Super Heavy rocket, but it is arguably the most novel spacecraft ever built. No one has ever built a fully reusable rocket, and the second stage that goes into space is the hardest part. SpaceX remains a long way from making the interior of Starship habitable for humans on a journey to Mars. But even building a fully reusable vehicle that can lift 150 tons into low Earth orbit would be a marvel. That’s more throw capacity than the Apollo Program’s Saturn V rocket had.
Compare that to NASA and its Space Launch System, the big rocket that the space agency has been developing for a decade and for which Boeing only recently completed a single core stage. This core stage is about 15 meters taller than Starship but lacks its complexity. NASA will, in fact, toss each SLS core stage into the ocean after a single use. And Boeing doesn’t have to make the engines, as the rocket uses 40-year-old space shuttle main engines. Despite this, and with nearly $2 billion in annual funding from NASA, Boeing’s stretch goal for building core stages is one to two per year... some time in the mid-2020s.
SpaceX’s stretch goal is to build one to two Starships a week, this year, and to pare back construction costs to as low as $5 million each.
“That’s fucking insane,” I said.
“Yeah, it’s insane,” Musk replied.
“I mean, it really is.”
“Yeah, it’s nuts.”
“As I look across the aerospace landscape, nobody is doing anything remotely like this,” I said.
“No, it’s absolutely mad, I agree,” Musk said. “The conventional space paradigms do not apply to what we’re doing here. We’re trying to build a massive fleet to make Mars habitable, to make life multi-planetary. I think we need, probably, on the order of 1,000 ships, and each of those ships would have more payload than the Saturn V—and be reusable.”
Musk has thought about this a lot, obviously.
“The point at which one says the goal is to make life multi-planetary, it means that we need to have a self-sustaining city on Mars,” Musk said. “That city has to survive if the resupply ships stop coming from Earth for any reason whatsoever. Doesn’t matter why. If those resupply ships stop coming, does the city die out or not? In order to make something self-sustaining, you can’t be missing anything. You must have all the ingredients. It can’t be like, well this thing is self-sustaining except for this one little thing that we don’t have. It can’t be. That’d be like saying, ‘Well, we went on this long sea voyage, and we had everything except vitamin C.’ OK, great. Now you’re going to get scurvy and die—and painfully, by the way. It’s going to suck. You’re going to die slowly and painfully for lack of vitamin C. So we’ve got to make sure we’ve got the vitamin C there on Mars. Then it’s like, OK, rough order of magnitude, what kind of tonnage do you need to make it self-sustaining? It’s probably not less than a million tons.”
Enlarge/ SpaceX will need to send many, many ships to settle Mars.
SpaceX
That’s not a precise number, of course. It’s a rough estimate. But Mars settlers will need vast quantities of stuff. The settlers will need to build an entire industrial base to mine the Red Planet, and there are many steps in mining. To make consumer products requires a huge infrastructure base to refine and shape materials.
“I’ll probably be long dead before Mars becomes self-sustaining, but I’d like to at least be around to see a bunch of ships land on Mars,” Musk said.
A machine to build a machine
SpaceX engineers and technicians in Boca Chica needed eight months, from last April through November, to build the first Starship prototype, MK1. (It blew its top, too.) But the workers in South Texas only needed a month, from late January to late February, to assemble SN1. And SN2 is following only about two weeks behind SN1.
“The problem with the MK1 stuff was that I didn’t have my eye fully on the ball, because I was still taking care of a lot of Tesla stuff,” Musk said. “Now Tesla, I think, is in a good situation here, so that’s why I’m pretty much camped out in Boca. The MK1 was a failure not because the rocket failed at low pressure, but because we failed to build a production line.”
Now he has built the production system. It’s not finished. It’s not perfect. But it’s starting to pay dividends. The factory is beginning to flow linearly, from one station to another. And after last week’s flurry of hiring, the company has the workers it needs to produce rockets one after another.
“If you’re just trying to make one of something, it can all basically just be made by the engineering team,” he said. “But if you want to actually make something at reasonable volume, you have to build the machine that makes the machine, which mathematically is going to be vastly more complicated than the machine itself. The thing that makes the machine is not going to be simpler than the machine. It’s going to be much more complicated by a lot. Things need to be translated into instructions that the average person can understand. You can’t have somebody with an engineering master’s degree from MIT hand-making every single part. It’s not possible. There just aren’t enough. MIT’s not graduating enough people.”
So Musk is making the machine to make the machine. Musk has brought lessons learned from Tesla’s assembly line so workers do not burn out. They will work three 12-hour days and then have a four-day weekend. Then they’ll work four 12-hour shifts with a three-day weekend. Thus, with four shifts, the Boca Chica site can operate at full capacity 24 hours a day, seven days a week. SpaceX is throwing in hot meals every three to four hours, for free.
The company is building toward a critical test flight later this spring, a hop to about 20km that will prove the Starship vehicle can fly in a controlled manner and safely return to Earth. After this, Musk has set an aspirational goal of flying an orbital mission—maybe with SN5 or SN6, he really doesn’t know—before the end of 2020.
Despite the velocity at which SpaceX is moving, this seems unlikely, because SpaceX has yet to build its Super Heavy rocket. This is the mammoth, reusable first stage that will kick Starship into orbit. It will be powered by as many as 37 Raptor engines. This sure seems like a lot of engines, but the Falcon Heavy has shown the way, flying successfully with 27 Merlin engines of its own.
Enlarge/ If the Falcon Heavy can fly with 27 engines—can 37 be that hard?
SpaceX
“If we’re making tanks for the ship, the booster’s just a longer tank with more engines on the base and no heat shielding,” Musk said. “We’ll bring it back and land it just like the Falcon 9. We’ll make the booster using the same domes and cylinder sections that we do for the ship. If you build a ship line, you’re kind of building the booster line anyway. The only thing that really changes is the aft dome where you’re transferring thrust load into the booster. You’ve got like 31 engines, potentially 37—that thrust dome obviously has to be unique, relative to the rest of the vehicle. It would use the same, or similar legs, as the ship. It’s less complicated in that it doesn’t need any heat shielding, but more complicated on the engine side.”
Let’s be honest: it’s pretty darn complicated. But the one thing SpaceX has shown over the last two decades is an increasing competence in building rockets. When it comes to innovation in rocket science is there anyone better in the world? Probably not.
Just iterate, baby
I’ve spoken with plenty of the earliest engineers who worked at SpaceX, and almost all of them have noted that Musk tackles the hardest engineering problems first. For Mars, there will be so many logistical things to make it all work, from power on the surface to scratching out a living to adapting to its extreme climate. But Musk believes that the initial, hardest step is building a reusable, orbital Starship to get people and tons of stuff to Mars. So he is focused on that.
He knows he won’t get Starship right at first. He employs some of the smartest engineers on this planet, and they’re still, in many ways, fumbling toward solutions for the extremely hard problem of getting a super-large vehicle out of Earth’s gravity well into orbit—then to land it and fly it again. Musk has come to believe the only way to realistically achieve this is through trial and error, by iterating closer and closer to the right design.
The hardest part of any rocket is the engine. And SpaceX is almost there with the Raptor engine iterations. “We’ve done this with Raptor,” he said. “Like, we’re on Raptor engine 23 or something, Maybe 24. It’s lighter, cheaper, better in almost every way than Raptor version one, which sucked and blew up, basically. One of about six or seven Raptors that blew up, I’ve lost count.”
The point is, Raptor is now in a good place. The next step involves building a spaceship with the tanks and plumbing to harness the power of six Raptor engines. The first two Starships have blown up during pressurization tests, but with each new iteration of Starship, Musk and his band of engineers are learning.
“A high production rate solves many ills,” he said. “If you have a high production rate, you have a high iteration rate. For pretty much any technology whatsoever, the progress is a function of how many iterations do you have, and how much progress do you make between each iteration. If you have a high production rate then you have many iterations. You can make progress from one to the next.”
None of this is cheap. Boca Chica is a fairly remote location to ship materials into. And the company has gone really fast, sparing few expenses. How long can it go like this, and how is he paying for all of this? Musk declined to offer specifics.
“We’re just paying for it internally,” he said. Then he paused and added, “Success is not assured.”
It is not. But when it comes to space and automobile production, history has shown that Musk pushes through difficult financial and technical challenges. The Falcon 1 rocket failed three times before it finally reached orbit. Tesla faced bankruptcy on several occasions. Musk has always pulled through. He now flies the most powerful rocket in the world, the Falcon Heavy, and the most cost-efficient (and only) reusable orbital rocket, the Falcon 9. Tesla is the world’s biggest electric car company.
Even so, maybe you think Elon Musk is going to fail in his Mars ambitions. Any reasonable person might. This kind of thing makes the Apollo Program look like child’s play, and the Moon Landing is regarded as perhaps the most significant technical achievement of the 20th century. But should we really be working on a repeat of Apollo half a century after we already did it? Maybe we should reach higher and further.
Walking through those tents in South Texas, amid the bustle of those workstations, surrounded by rolls of stainless steel, it becomes easier to believe that we should and that we can. The place feels the way a US Navy shipyard must have felt in the weeks after Pearl Harbor—insanely busy but also purposeful.
These kids and swarms of recently hired technicians are fighting against impossible odds every day, and they’re determined to win. Don’t tell them it can’t be done. They’re not having any of that in Muskville.
24-year-old Lauren Nevil of Farmington, New York, contacted the Singular Fortean Society earlier this month to report a sighting of strange, white aerial lights seen during a power outage last November.
The outage came as a result of a stormfront with high winds which knocked out power for thousands of residents in western New York on November 15th, 2020.
In an interview with investigator Tobias Wayland, Nevil said she was preparing to go to bed that evening when her mother alerted her to something strange happening outside.
"I remember specifically because I was trying to get to sleep, and it was a windy night, and all the power went out. I live in a townhouse complex. I remember the power going out and my mom came upstairs [calling my name]. I said, ‘What? I’m trying to go to sleep because I have to get up for work the next morning.’ She said, ‘Look outside!’ She was freaking out," said Nevil.
"I looked out my bedroom window, facing towards the parking lot, and I saw all of these strange lights in the sky,” she continued. “My mom was flipping out, and I was like 'What is going on?' She called my sister into my room, and we could see everything because there was no light pollution, so it was clear. It was a clear sky. We didn’t know what was going on. We didn’t know if it was satellites. My sister counted 10 to 15 lights. I’m not sure how long it lasted, maybe about 10 to 15 minutes."
Historical weather data for that evening shows that at the time of the sighting, which Nevil believed took place between 10 and 10:30 p.m., the sky over Farmington was mostly cloudy, meaning that while a small portion of the sky might have been visible, it would have been mostly obscured.
"It was just a bunch [of lights] all clustered together," she explained. "They were bright, [and] they were just sitting there. I think the oddest thing was that they were clustered together in a group—not in any sort of formation. It was very strange."
Weather conditions that evening make it likely that the lights were below the cloud cover, given Nevil's description of events.
"This wasn’t like any star or anything," she said of the lights.
After the three women spent “10 to 15 minutes” observing the stationary lights, they “all just kind of disappeared,” said Nevil.
"[The lights disappeared] kind of like one at a time," she said.
Nevil told Wayland that she had done some research of her own prior to contacting the Singular Fortean Society.
"I’ve looked up websites where people report UFOs, and in the area that I live people have seen stuff, although that’s the first time I’ve ever really seen anything," she said. "I’m kind of freaked out."
Wayland found five reported sightings from Farmington in the case files of the National UFO Reporting Center (NUFORC).
NUFORC's files also showed that the city of Rochester, only 20 miles northwest of Farmington and located directly adjacent to Lake Ontario, has had many dozens of reported UFO sightings going back decades.
This sighting isn’t the only unusual encounter had by Nevil, who said she and her sister have also experienced a string of nighttime visitations by unknown entities.
"When we used to live in our old house, before we moved, my sister and I would sometimes feel like someone was sitting on our bed, like the pressure. It felt like someone was sitting there. That happened every once in a while," she said. "Our beds would shake, too. We don’t know what that was."
Her sister, said Nevil, had even woken up to find "someone was standing over her, leaning over to look at her," although "that hasn’t happened in a long time."
Nevil said that, despite having been in bed when she experienced the paranormal events, she was sure that she was "fully awake” at the times they occurred.
If you could fly two billion miles in the direction of the Pegasus constellation, and knew where to look, you would find a thin, flat object, about the size of a football field and up to ten times more reflective than the average comet. If you watched it for a while, you would notice that it is tumbling as it moves away from the sun, turning end over end roughly every seven hours.
This object passed the Earth in October 2017. As it began its return to interstellar space, the Canadian astronomer Robert Weryk identified it among the images from what was then the world’s most powerful camera, a telescope in Hawaii called Pan-STARRS1. The astronomers in Hawaii called it ‘Oumuamua, a Hawaiian word meaning “first scout from a distant place”.
‘Oumuamua was the subject of great excitement. It was the first object humans have observed travelling through the solar system from interstellar space. But it also became controversial: its shape, the way in which it approached us, and the way it moved away are not consistent with the behaviour of an asteroid or comet. For 11 days, the world’s telescopes searched for meaning from this strange visitor.
A year later, the debate about ‘Oumuamua intensified when one of the world’s foremost astronomers, Avi Loeb, submitted a paper to the Astrophysical Journal Letters. In it, Loeb and his colleague, Shmuel Bailey, argued that ‘Oumuamua’s strange properties indicated that it was “a new class of thin interstellar material, either produced naturally, through a yet unknown process […] or of an artificial origin”. Since then, Loeb has maintained that the most rational, conservative explanation is that ‘Oumuamua was produced by an alien civilisation.
We will almost certainly never see ‘Oumuamua again, because it is heading away from the solar system at 30 kilometres a second. But Loeb says scientists must prepare now for what happens when the next such object arrives, as he believes it will very soon. If he is right, these objects surround us in numbers that are almost unimaginable.
***
Avi Loeb is a fast talker; he has the rapid fluency of someone who has spent decades giving lectures, but there is also an unpractised enthusiasm to his speech. He keeps the accent of his native Israel, though he has lived in the US since 1988, when he took a fellowship at Princeton University. His first interview was with the famous physicist Freeman Dyson, who was also well known for theorising about alien civilisations.
Loeb spent almost a decade as chair of Harvard’s astronomy department, the longest any scientist has held that position. He has made or helped to make a number of major breakthroughs in our understanding of the universe, including different ways of detecting exoplanets – planets orbiting stars other than the sun. He has correctly predicted incredible phenomena, such as stars that streak across the depths between galaxies at nearly half a billion miles an hour. He is the founding director of Harvard’s Black Hole Initiative, part of the Event Horizon Telescope project that in April 2019 presented to the world the first photograph of a black hole.
Practically all of Loeb’s predictions have had the backing of his peers, except one.
In the autumn of 2019, Loeb and a colleague – a senior astronomer at Harvard – attended a seminar on ‘Oumuamua. “After it ended,” Loeb told me, “I left the room together with a colleague of mine who is a conservative, mainstream astronomer, and he said: ‘This object is so weird – I wish it never existed.’”
This is, Loeb says, “a terrible thing to say for a scientist… you should accept with open arms anything that nature gives you”. But he has also found such attitudes to be common. There is, he says, a widespread “taboo” on talking about extraterrestrial intelligence.
Why does Loeb believe that ‘Oumuamua was alien technology?
First, unlike most things in space, ‘Oumuamua was not moving relative to what astronomers call the local standard of rest. Loeb calls this a “very special frame of reference, sort of the galactic parking lot”. It was not that ‘Oumuamua visited us but that the sun and its attendant planets, moving through space at 450,000 miles an hour, moved past it, the sun’s gravity bumping it as a ship’s wake disturbs a piece of flotsam.
But what really excites Loeb is what happened next. ‘Oumuamua “showed an excess push away from the sun, in addition to the sun’s gravitational force acting on it”. This happens with comets, which can speed up as the frozen material on them vaporises, causing them to swerve through space and producing a distinctive “tail”. Based on the change in its speed, Loeb says ‘Oumuamua would have had to lose “about a tenth of its mass. That’s quite a lot… we should have seen a very clear cloud of gas around it.”
But ‘Oumuamua had no tail. Close observation by the Spitzer Space Telescope saw nothing around it; it did not even radiate any heat. And it did not move erratically, as comets do, but accelerated smoothly away from the sun. The most rational explanation for this, Loeb says, is that it was pushed by sunlight itself.
‘Oumuamua’s shape is also distinct from almost everything else we have observed in space. Its brightness varied by a factor of ten every eight hours, suggesting “a very extreme geometry”. The most popular depiction of ‘Oumuamua is of a long, cigar-shaped rock, but research by Sergey Mashchenko, a computational astrophysicist at McMaster University in Canada, suggests a 91 per cent chance that it is disc-shaped.
Each of these factors is highly unlikely for any astronomical object. Taken together, Loeb says, they make ‘Oumuamua “a very rare object, if it’s coming from the same reservoir of objects [asteroids and comets] that we are familiar with”.
For Loeb, the rational answer is to find something that fits the data and is familiar to us.
Astronomers were able to do this in September, when another object, called 2020 SO, was discovered in orbit around the Earth. Just like ‘Oumuamua, 2020 SO appeared to have been pushed from its gravitational course by sunlight. And this time, Nasa confirmed that 2020 SO was artificial. It was a piece of a Centaur rocket, launched from Florida in 1966, that had been recaptured by the Earth’s gravity.
For Loeb, 2020 SO “illustrates the fact that we can identify an object that behaves in a peculiar fashion, that has no cometary tail, and yet it exhibits an extra push. And if ‘Oumuamua, indeed, was that kind of an object, the question is: who produced it?”
***
Loeb’s biggest concern about ‘Oumuamua is not that it has disappeared from sight, but that the response to it “betrays the culture of science”. The Copernican principle, the change in thinking that allowed humanity to begin modern astronomy, states that we are not at the centre of the universe. To pretend, in the face of confounding data, that ‘Oumuamua is just another asteroid is to act as if we are.
Loeb’s sense of scale and probability is informed by a long study of the early universe. In a 2014 paper, he described the likelihood that rocky planets with liquid water provided the chemistry to support life when the universe was as little as ten million years old. In the 13.8 billion years since that time, billions of galaxies – each home to billions of Earth-like planets – have formed. To say that life, intelligence and civilisation have emerged only once in such an expanse of time and space is, he argues, a radical view.
“There is nothing more conservative than saying that if you arrange for the same circumstances, you get the same outcome,” he says. For Loeb, the conservative assumption about humanity is “that we are a middle-of-the-road kind of life that exists everywhere. I don’t think that we are special or unique.”
But if we are not unique, it follows that ‘Oumuamua is not unique, either.
Pan-STARRS began searching for near-Earth objects in early 2014, and discovered ‘Oumuamua in under four years. Applying the Copernican principle, we should assume that we will see another object once every three or four years. But this frequency may change, because our ability to see them is about to increase.
This year, the telescope at the Vera C Rubin Observatory in Chile will take its first test pictures – astronomers call this “first light” – of the night sky. Even more powerful than Pan-STARRS, this will repeatedly photograph everything visible in the sky using a mirror more than eight metres across and the biggest digital camera in the world.
“We could then find one such object every month,” says Loeb, “because, you know, there should be many more out there.”
The question of how many ‘Oumuamuas are out there is the point at which the inferences become dizzying. If we see one every few years, Loeb infers that “there should be one in every volume roughly the size of the orbit of the Earth around the sun”. This is a vast area in human terms, but in the immensity of space, “it’s pretty small. So it means that there are plenty of them, a quadrillion of them, inside the Oort cloud. Inside the solar system. There are lots of them.”
It is difficult to reconcile the idea that we are surrounded by trillions of pieces of alien technology with scientific conservatism. Humanity’s understanding of itself would be radically changed if we knew that other life had once built such things.
But Loeb believes, as he explains in his compelling and personal new book on ‘Oumuamua, Extraterrestrial: The First Sign of Intelligent Life Beyond Earth, that humanity’s understanding of itself should change now. The book is not so much a claim for one object as an argument for a more open-minded approach to science – a combination of humility and wonder that he worries has been supplanted by elitism and “intellectual gymnastics”.
“The crime here,” he tells me, is that a whole branch of astronomy, “a subject that is so appealing to the public, that the scientific community can address with its instruments and methodology, is not being addressed at all.”
But if Loeb is right, we may soon have no choice but to wonder. Next month, on 18 February, the Perseverance rover will land on Mars to search for signs of life. Any evidence, even of ancient microbes, on our celestial neighbour would suggest that life is far more abundant than is generally accepted.
“We might learn much more in the coming year,” says Loeb. “So, let’s wait and see.”
L'étrange espace qui se trouve en dehors de notre système solaire
L'étrange espace qui se trouve en dehors de notre système solaire
Patchen Barss / BBC Future
Espace
CRÉDIT PHOTO,NASA/STSCI/AURA
Loin de l'étreinte protectrice du Soleil, le bord de notre système solaire semble être un endroit froid, vide et sombre. On a longtemps pensé que l'espace qui nous sépare des étoiles les plus proches est une vaste étendue de néant effrayante.
Jusqu'à récemment, c'était un endroit que l'humanité ne pouvait voir que de loin. Les astronomes n'y prêtaient qu'une attention passagère, préférant concentrer leurs télescopes sur les masses lumineuses de nos étoiles et galaxies voisines.
Mais depuis quelques années, deux vaisseaux spatiaux, construits et lancés dans les années 1970, nous renvoient nos premiers aperçus de cette étrange région que nous appelons l'espace interstellaire. Premiers objets fabriqués par l'homme à quitter notre système solaire, ils s'aventurent dans des territoires inexplorés, à des milliards de kilomètres de chez nous. Aucun autre vaisseau spatial n'a encore parcouru une telle distance.
Et ils ont révélé qu'au-delà des limites de notre système solaire se trouve une région invisible d'activité chaotique et moussante.
"Lorsque vous regardez différentes parties du spectre électromagnétique, cette région de l'espace est très différente de l'obscurité que nous percevons avec nos yeux", explique Michele Bannister, astronome à l'université de Canterbury à Christchurch, en Nouvelle-Zélande, qui étudie les confins du système solaire. "Les champs magnétiques se battent, se poussent et s'attachent les uns aux autres. L'image que vous devriez avoir est comme le bassin de plongée sous les chutes du Niagara".
NASA/HUBBLE
Des explosions comme celles des supernovae lancent des rayons cosmiques dans toutes les directions dans l'espace interstellaire
Cependant, au lieu de faire culbuter l'eau, la turbulence est le résultat du vent solaire - un flux constant et puissant de particules chargées, ou plasma, qui est projeté dans toutes les directions depuis le Soleil - lorsqu'il s'écrase sur un cocktail de gaz, de poussière et de rayons cosmiques qui souffle entre les systèmes stellaires, connu sous le nom de "milieu interstellaire".
Au cours du siècle dernier, les scientifiques ont pu se faire une idée de la composition du milieu interstellaire, en grande partie grâce à des observations effectuées à l'aide de radiotélescopes et de télescopes à rayons X. Ils ont révélé qu'il est composé d'atomes d'hydrogène ionisés extrêmement diffus, de poussière et de rayons cosmiques, entrecoupés de nuages moléculaires denses de gaz que l'on pense être le lieu de naissance de nouvelles étoiles.
Mais sa nature exacte, juste à l'extérieur de notre système solaire, est restée en grande partie un mystère, principalement parce que le Soleil, les huit planètes et un lointain disque de débris connu sous le nom de ceinture de Kuiper, sont tous contenus dans une bulle protectrice géante formée par le vent solaire, appelée héliosphère. Lorsque le Soleil et les planètes qui l'entourent se précipitent à travers la galaxie, cette bulle se heurte au milieu interstellaire comme un bouclier invisible, empêchant la majorité des rayons cosmiques nocifs et autres matériaux d'entrer.
Mais ses propriétés vitales rendent également plus difficile l'étude de ce qui se trouve au-delà de la bulle. Il est même difficile de déterminer sa taille et sa forme de l'intérieur.
"C'est comme si vous étiez à l'intérieur de votre maison et que vous vouliez savoir à quoi elle ressemble. Il faut aller dehors et jeter un coup d'œil pour vraiment savoir", explique Elena Provornikova, chercheuse postdoctorale au laboratoire de physique appliquée de l'université Johns Hopkins. "La seule façon d'avoir une idée est de voyager loin du Soleil, de regarder en arrière, et de prendre une image de l'extérieur de l'héliosphère".
Ce n'est pas une tâche facile. Comparé à l'ensemble de la Voie lactée, notre système solaire semble plus petit qu'un grain de riz flottant au milieu du Pacifique. Et pourtant, la limite extérieure de l'héliosphère est encore si lointaine qu'il a fallu plus de 40 ans aux vaisseaux Voyager 1 et Voyager 2 pour l'atteindre en provenance de la Terre.
Voyager 1, qui a emprunté une route plus directe à travers le système solaire, s'est évanoui dans l'espace interstellaire en 2012, avant que Voyager 2 ne le rejoigne en 2018. Actuellement à environ 13 milliards et 11 milliards de kilomètres de la Terre respectivement, ils dérivent maintenant, toujours plus loin dans l'espace au-delà de notre système solaire, en renvoyant plus de données comme ils le font.
NASA/JPL-CALTECH
Le vaisseau spatial Voyager, de la taille d'une voiture, a été lancé en 1977 et renvoie aujourd'hui des données depuis l'espace interstellaire
Ce que ces deux sondes vieillissantes ont révélé sur la frontière entre l'héliosphère et le milieu interstellaire a fourni de nouveaux indices sur la façon dont notre système solaire s'est formé, et comment la vie sur Terre est même possible. Loin d'être une frontière distincte, la limite même de notre système solaire est en fait le siège de champs magnétiques tourbillonnants, de tempêtes de vent stellaire, de tempêtes de particules de haute énergie et de radiations tourbillonnantes.
La taille et la forme de la bulle de l'héliosphère se modifient au fur et à mesure que la production du Soleil change et que nous traversons différentes régions du milieu interstellaire. Lorsque le vent solaire monte ou descend, il modifie la pression exercée sur la bulle vers l'extérieur.
En 2014, l'activité du Soleil a connu une forte hausse, envoyant ce qui équivalait à un ouragan de vent solaire dans l'espace. L'explosion a rapidement balayé Mercure et Vénus à près de 800 km par seconde (497 miles par seconde). Après deux jours et 150 millions de km, il a enveloppé la Terre. Heureusement, le champ magnétique de notre planète nous a protégés de son rayonnement puissant et dommageable.
La rafale a dépassé Mars un jour plus tard et a continué à travers la ceinture d'astéroïdes vers les géantes gazeuses lointaines - Jupiter, Saturne, Uranus et après plus de deux mois, Neptune, qui orbite à près de 4,5 milliards de km du Soleil.
A regarder :
Oubliez tout ce que vous pensiez savoir sur la formation des planètes
Après plus de six mois, le vent a finalement atteint un point situé à plus de 13 milliards de km du Soleil, connu sous le nom de "choc de terminaison". Ici, le champ magnétique du Soleil, qui propulse le vent solaire, devient suffisamment faible pour que le milieu interstellaire puisse le pousser contre lui.
La rafale de vent solaire issue du choc de terminaison se déplace à moins de la moitié de sa vitesse précédente - l'ouragan est alors déclassé en tempête tropicale. Puis, fin 2015, il a dépassé la forme irrégulière de Voyager 2, qui est à peu près de la taille d'une petite voiture. La surcharge de plasma a été détectée par les technologies de détection de Voyager, vieilles de 40 ans, alimentées par une batterie au plutonium se décomposant lentement.
La sonde a renvoyé des données vers la Terre, qui, même à la vitesse de la lumière, a mis 18 heures pour nous atteindre. Les astronomes ne pouvaient recevoir les informations de Voyager que grâce à un réseau massif d'antennes paraboliques de 70 mètres et à une technologie avancée qui n'avait pas été imaginée, et encore moins inventée, lorsque la sonde a quitté la Terre en 1977.
NASA
Le Soleil produit un barrage constant de particules à haute énergie, connu sous le nom de vent solaire, qui peut monter et descendre avec l'activité de notre étoile
La vague de vent solaire a atteint Voyager 2 alors qu'il était encore juste à l'intérieur de notre système solaire. Un peu plus d'un an plus tard, les derniers souffles du vent mourant ont atteint Voyager 1, qui avait traversé l'espace interstellaire en 2012.
Les différentes routes empruntées par les deux sondes signifiaient que l'une se trouvait à environ 30 degrés au-dessus du plan solaire, l'autre à la même hauteur en dessous. Le vent solaire a atteint les sondes dans différentes régions à différents moments, ce qui a fourni des indices utiles sur la nature de l'héliopause.
Les données ont révélé que la limite de turbulence est épaisse de plusieurs millions de kilomètres. Elle couvre des milliards de kilomètres carrés autour de la surface de l'héliosphère.
L'héliosphère est également d'une taille inattendue, ce qui suggère que le milieu interstellaire dans cette partie de la galaxie est moins dense que ce que l'on pensait. Le Soleil se fraye un chemin à travers l'espace interstellaire comme un bateau qui se déplace dans l'eau, créant une "vague de proue" et étirant un sillage derrière lui, éventuellement avec une (ou des) queue(s) de formes similaires à celles des comètes. Les deux voyageurs sont sortis par le "nez" de l'héliosphère, et n'ont donc fourni aucune information sur la queue.
"Selon les estimations des Voyagers, l'héliopause a une épaisseur d'environ une unité astronomique (93 millions de miles, soit la distance moyenne entre la Terre et le Soleil)", explique Mme Provornikova. "Ce n'est pas vraiment une surface. C'est une région avec des processus complexes. Et nous ne savons pas ce qui s'y passe".
Non seulement les vents solaires et interstellaires créent une turbulente lutte à la corde dans la région frontalière, mais les particules semblent échanger leurs charges et leur élan. En conséquence, une partie du milieu interstellaire se transforme en vent solaire, ce qui augmente la poussée de la bulle vers l'extérieur.
Et si une poussée de vent solaire peut fournir des données intéressantes, elle semble avoir un effet étonnamment faible sur la taille et la forme globale de la bulle. Il semble que ce qui se passe en dehors de l'héliosphère importe beaucoup plus que ce qui se passe à l'intérieur. Le vent solaire peut augmenter ou diminuer avec le temps sans avoir l'air d'affecter la bulle de façon dramatique. Mais si cette bulle se déplace dans une région de la galaxie où le vent interstellaire est plus ou moins dense, alors elle va se contracter ou croître.
Mais de nombreuses questions restent sans réponse, y compris celles qui concernent la nature exacte de notre bulle de vent solaire protecteur.
NASA
L'héliosphère du Soleil forme une longue queue lorsqu'il se fraye un chemin à travers le milieu interstellaire lors de son voyage autour de la galaxie
Selon Mme Provornikova, une meilleure compréhension de notre propre héliosphère peut nous permettre de mieux savoir si nous sommes seuls dans l'univers.
"Ce que nous étudions dans notre propre système nous renseignera sur les conditions de développement de la vie dans d'autres systèmes stellaires", dit-elle.
Cela est dû en grande partie au fait qu'en maintenant le milieu interstellaire à distance, le vent solaire empêche également un bombardement de radiations et de particules mortelles de haute énergie - comme les rayons cosmiques - provenant de l'espace lointain. Les rayons cosmiques sont des protons et des noyaux atomiques qui traversent l'espace à une vitesse proche de celle de la lumière. Ils peuvent être générés lorsque les étoiles explosent, lorsque les galaxies s'effondrent en trous noirs et lors d'autres événements cosmiques cataclysmiques. La région située à l'extérieur de notre système solaire est épaisse d'une pluie continue de ces particules subatomiques à grande vitesse, qui seraient assez puissantes pour provoquer un empoisonnement par radiation mortel sur une planète moins abritée.
"Voyager a définitivement dit que 90% de ces radiations sont filtrées par le Soleil", explique Jamie Rankin, chercheur en héliophysique à l'université de Princeton, et première personne à écrire une thèse de doctorat basée sur les données interstellaires des Voyager. "Si le vent solaire ne nous protégeait pas, je ne sais pas si nous serions en vie."
Trois autres sondes de la NASA rejoindront bientôt les Voyagers dans l'espace interstellaire, bien que deux d'entre elles soient déjà à court d'énergie et aient cessé de renvoyer des données. Ces quelques minuscules piqûres dans la frontière géante ne fourniront jamais que des informations limitées par elles-mêmes. Heureusement, des observations plus étendues peuvent être faites plus près de chez nous.
L'International Boundary Explorer (Ibex) de la NASA, un minuscule satellite en orbite autour de la Terre depuis 2008, détecte des particules appelées "atomes neutres énergétiques" qui traversent la frontière interstellaire. Ibex crée des cartes en trois dimensions des interactions qui se produisent tout autour de la bordure de l'héliosphère.
NASA
La mission Ibex a détecté un ruban d'atomes à haute énergie qui sont réfléchis par le champ magnétique galactique depuis le bord de l'héliosphère
On peut considérer les cartes des Ibex comme une sorte de "radar Doppler" et les Voyagers comme des stations météo sur le terrain", dit Rankin. Elle a utilisé les données des Voyagers, des Ibex et d'autres sources pour analyser les petites poussées du vent solaire, et travaille actuellement sur un document basé sur l'explosion beaucoup plus importante qui a commencé en 2014. Déjà, les preuves montrent que l'héliosphère se rétrécissait lorsque Voyager 1 a franchi la frontière, mais qu'elle s'étendait à nouveau lorsque Voyager 2 a traversé.
"C'est une frontière assez dynamique", dit-elle. "C'est assez étonnant que cette découverte ait été saisie dans les cartes 3D d'Ibex, qui nous ont permis de suivre les réactions locales des Voyagers en même temps."
Ibex a révélé à quel point la frontière peut être dynamique. Dès la première année, il a détecté un ruban géant d'atomes énergétiques qui serpentait à travers la frontière et qui changeait au fil du temps, avec des caractéristiques qui apparaissaient et disparaissaient en six mois seulement. Le ruban s'avère être une région au nez de l'héliosphère où les particules du vent solaire rebondissent sur le champ magnétique galactique et sont réfléchies dans le système solaire.
NASA/JPL-CALTECH/GSFC
Lorsque Voyager 2 a quitté le système solaire, il a détecté un pic spectaculaire des rayons cosmiques dont l'héliosphère nous protège
Mais il y a un rebondissement dans l'histoire du Voyager. Bien qu'ils aient quitté l'héliosphère, ils sont encore à portée de beaucoup d'autres influences de notre Soleil. La lumière du Soleil, par exemple, serait visible à l'œil nu depuis d'autres étoiles. La gravité de notre étoile s'étend également bien au-delà de l'héliosphère, maintenant en place une sphère lointaine et éparse de glace, de poussière et de débris spatiaux, connue sous le nom de nuage de Oort.
Les objets de Oort sont toujours en orbite autour du Soleil, même s'ils flottent loin dans l'espace interstellaire. Alors que certaines comètes ont des orbites qui s'étendent jusqu'au nuage de Oort, une région de 186 à 930 milliards de miles (300 à 1500 milliards de km) est généralement considérée comme trop éloignée pour que nous puissions y envoyer nos propres sondes.
Ces objets éloignés ont à peine changé depuis le début du système solaire et peuvent être la clé de tout, de la formation des planètes à la probabilité que la vie se développe dans notre univers. Et avec chaque vague de nouvelles données, de nouveaux mystères et de nouvelles questions émergent également.
NASA/JPL-CALTECH
Voyager 1 a traversé l'espace interstellaire en 2012 100 unités astronomiques depuis le Soleil mais il a toujours le vaste nuage de Oort devant lui
Selon Mme Provornikova, il pourrait y avoir une couverture d'hydrogène couvrant une partie ou la totalité de l'héliosphère, dont les effets n'ont pas encore été décryptés. En outre, l'héliosphère semble se transformer en un nuage interstellaire de particules et de poussières, vestiges d'anciens événements cosmiques dont les effets sur la frontière - et sur ceux d'entre nous qui y vivent - n'ont pas été prédits.
"Cela pourrait changer les dimensions de l'héliosphère, elle pourrait changer sa forme", dit Mme Provornikova. "Elle pourrait avoir des températures différentes, des champs magnétiques différents, une ionisation différente et tous ces paramètres différents. C'est très excitant parce que c'est un domaine qui a fait l'objet de nombreuses découvertes, et nous en savons si peu sur cette interaction entre notre étoile et la galaxie locale".
Quoi qu'il arrive, deux assortiments de métal de la taille d'une voiture, boulonnés à de petites boîtes paraboliques - les intrépides sondes Voyager - seront l'avant-garde de notre système solaire, révélant toujours plus de choses sur ce territoire étrange et inexploré alors que nous avançons dans l'espace.
VIDÉOS LIÉES, sélectionnées et publiées par peter2011
Real UFO Appears On Live TV On A Huge Screen And The Presenter Is Stunned
Real UFO Appears On Live TV On A Huge Screen And The Presenter Is Stunned
This is what Argentinians call a real Ovni (UFO) sighting as it appears on Live TV on the news channel. Ovni if you don't know, means UFO. (Please stay at home).
You can hear the news reporter (male) saying Ovni, Ovni. The female news reader is the first one to actually point out the Ovni (which means UFO in Spanish) and she then enthusiastically starts pointing to it. The TV screen is so big, she's literally climbing on the screen pointing at it enthusiastically - so you cannot miss it.
This is the moment when the female news reporter notices the UFO:
The UFO is metallic and it's a sphere. The Ovni is hovering but then it starts to drift or fly away to the left of the screen and what a big screen that it so we get to see this UFO in detail.
If it was a "normal everyday screen" this probably wouldn't of been picked up (maybe) as it would probably be a bit to small to see?
Instinctively she points to it:
But it's a great encounter as it is Live TV in Argentina "on the news" and these are the best ones just like NASA's Live TV but the difference between both is that the NASA cut the Live feed - whereas the camera crew on the news just point and shout Ovni, Ovni.
This is what you'd expect NASA to do and zoom in, have a scientist on stand by to give us a quick analysis of the sight to behold - but instead they cut the feed and make contact on every known channel all by themselves in secrecy and every known frequency is used to get contact with the Alien occupants, hoping for a response. Here is the amazing UFO Ovni for all to see on Live TV:
That's what NASA does, you think the UFO goes away when they cut the feed, no it doesn't. It docks with the ISS as that's where the Live feed is usually and they have a cup of English tea. Maybe they have a scone or a rich tea biscuit. Who knows what they do after the cameras are cut is what I mean. The news crew acted very typical of a surprised people, they acted correct and that's why I know this wasn't scripted. You really see the surprise especially with the woman. I know if it's Live TV then someone could literally have a drone on stand by and fly it in to the shot once it is definitely on the telly right then. The video to the amazing daytime UFO encounter on Live TV over Argentina:
But that's highly unlikely as well, it's just improbable as I don't know of any instances of this ever happening and I've done a lot of research? If you know of a staged UFO sighting on Live TV please share it us here at USF, thank you. NASA should take a lesson from this and at least inspect the strange UFOs or zoom in and talk about the anomaly in the screen, instead of turning the screen off. It's almost like you can hear them say "nothing to see here, move along".
Please be safe in these troubling times. Especially the vulnerable people and the elderly people who are most at risk of the virus. I wish you, our loyal fans and followers a very, very safe time. Be with family and friends, stay at home and let's all get the time to reflect on the situation that's facing all of the world? We will always be a strong human race, no matter what happens. Source
Cette exoplanète « barbe à papa » remet en question les conceptions des astronomes
Cette exoplanète « barbe à papa » remet en question les conceptions des astronomes
Nathalie Mayer / Journaliste
[EN VIDÉO] Interview : les exoplanètes sont-elles habitées ?Il pourrait y avoir au moins 100 milliards de planètes simplement dans notre galaxie. Difficile d’imaginer qu’aucune ne puisse abriter la vie. Le Cnes a interviewé Michel Viso, responsable des programmes d’exobiologie, afin qu’il nous parle des conditions d'apparition de la vie dans l'univers.
En observant notre Système solaire, les astronomes se sont fait une idée de la manière dont les planètes se forment. Ainsi, pensaient-ils, les planètes géantes doivent s'appuyer sur un cœur solide relativement massif. Pensaient-ils... car des observations réalisées sur une exoplanète baptisée Wasp-107b viennent aujourd'hui remettre cette conclusion en question.
Rappelons que Wasp-107b est une planète atypique. Elle a été découverte en 2017, à environ 212 années-lumière de notre Terre, dans la constellation de la Vierge. Elle est presque aussi grande que Jupiter, mais sa masse est largement inférieure. Wasp-107b est ce que les astronomes appellent une planète « barbe à papa ». Et son orbite est par ailleurs proche de son étoile, seize fois plus que notre Terre l'est du Soleil. Elle en fait le tour en 5,7 de nos jours seulement. Si bien qu'elle a du mal à retenir son atmosphère.
Grâce aux données obtenues à l'observatoire Keck (Hawaï), les chercheurs de l'université de Montréal ont pu mesurer avec précision le mouvement d'oscillation de son étoile hôte en raison de l'attraction gravitationnelle de Wasp-107b. Ils ont ainsi établi sa masse à environ le dixième de celle de Jupiter.
Un noyau incroyablement peu massif
Les astronomes ont ensuite effectué une analyse pour déterminer la structure interne de la planète. Leur conclusion : la masse du noyau solide de Wasp-107b ne doit pas dépasser quatre fois celle de la Terre. Ainsi donc, plus de 85 % de la masse de la planète se situerait dans l'épaisse couche de gaz qui entoure ce noyau. C'est étonnant. Car il faut savoir que Neptune, par exemple -- dont la masse se rapproche de celle de Wasp-107b -- ne présente pas plus de 15 % de sa masse dans cette couche de gaz.
Jusqu'ici, les chercheurs pensaient qu'un noyau relativement massif était indispensable à la formation de géantes gazeuses. Une condition sans laquelle la planète ne pourrait pas retenir autant de couches de gaz. Mais cette découverte concernant Wasp-107b laisse penser que les planètes géantes se forment beaucoup plus facilement que ne le pensaient les astronomes. Celle-ci en particulier pourrait s'être formée à distance de son étoile -- où le gaz est suffisamment froid pour faciliter l'accrétion -- avant de migrer jusqu'à sa position actuelle.
Le saviez-vous ?
Les chercheurs ont également découvert une compagne à Wasp-107b : Wasp-107c. Sa masse est le tiers de celle de Jupiter et elle fait le tour de son étoile en trois de nos années. Sur une orbite particulièrement excentrique qui laisse supposer un passé chaotique. Et conforte l’idée d’une migration de Wasp-107b vers son étoile hôte.
D'autres questions restent encore en suspens concernant Wasp-107b. L'atmosphère de ce type de planète, par exemple, devrait être riche en méthane. Or les observations deHubble, réalisées en 2018, semblent montrer le contraire. Les chercheurs comptent désormais analyser de nouveau ces résultats à la lumière de leurs nouvelles conclusions concernant la répartition de la masse de l'exoplanète. Et peut-être découvrir quel mécanisme pourrait expliquer une telle destruction de méthane.
VIDÉOS LIÉES, sélectionnées et publiées par peter2011
A redshift reveals how an object is moving in space and enables astronomers to discover otherwise-invisible planets and the movements of galaxies, and to uncover the beginnings of our universe.
Astronomers use redshifts to measure how the universe is expanding, and thus to determine the distance to our universe’s most distant (and therefore oldest) objects. What is a redshift? It’s often compared to the high-pitched whine of an ambulance siren coming at you, which drops in pitch as the ambulance moves past you and then away from you. That change in the sound of an ambulance is due to what’s called the Doppler effect. It’s a good comparison because both sound and light travel in waves, which are affected by their movement through air and space.
Sound can only move so fast through the air; sound travels at about 750 miles (1,200 kilometers) per hour. As an ambulance races forward and blares its siren, the sound waves in front of the ambulance get squished together. Meanwhile, the sound waves behind the ambulance get spread out. This means the frequency of the sound waves is higher ahead of the ambulance (more sound waves will strike a listener’s ear, over a set amount of time) and lower behind it (fewer sound waves will strike a listener’s ear, over a set amount of time). Our brains interpret changes in the frequency of sound waves as changes in pitch.
Like sound, light is also a wave traveling at a fixed speed: 186,000 miles (300,000 km) per second, or some one billion kilometers per hour. Light, therefore, plays by similar rules as sound.
But, in the case of light, we perceive changes in wave frequency as changes in color, not changes in pitch.
As a vehicle moves, sound waves in front of it get squished up while those behind get spread out. This changes the perceived frequency and we hear the pitch change as the vehicle goes by.
Credit: Wikipedia
Similar to sounds from a moving vehicle, as a star moves away from us, the light becomes redder. As it moves towards us, the light becomes bluer.
Image via Wikipedia.
For example, if a lightbulb were to move very rapidly through space, the light would appear blue as it approaches you and then become red after it passes. Measuring such slight changes in the frequency of light lets astronomers measure the speed – and therefore the distance – of everything in the universe! That’s true because the faster an object moves away from us, the farther away it is.
Thus, in our expanding universe, a measurement of speed translates to a measurement of distance.
Here’s a recent example. Astronomers said in early January 2020 that the most distant quasar known at this time – quasar J0313-1806 – has a record-setting redshift of z = 7.64. In accordance with astronomers’ interpretations of redshift, we’re seeing quasar J0313-1806 – a highly luminous galaxy nucleus in the early universe, thought to be powered by a supermassive black hole – just 670 million years after the Big Bang, or more than 13 billion light-years away.
Or consider an even more distant object, not a very bright quasar, but instead just a regular galaxy in the early universe. GN-z11 is a high-redshift galaxy found in the direction of the constellation Ursa Major, the Great Bear. GN-z11 is currently the oldest and most distant known galaxy in the observable universe, with a redshift of z = 11.09. That redshift corresponds to a distance of 13.4 billion light-years. So we see this object as it existed 13.4 billion years ago, just 400 million years after the Big Bang.
The object in the inset is currently the most distant known galaxy, called GN-z11. Its name is derived from its location in the GOODS-North field of galaxies – captured by the Hubble Space Telescope – and its high cosmological redshift number (GN + z11). It’s thought this galaxy will remain the most distant galaxy known until the James Webb Space Telescope is launched, hopefully in late 2021, and begins observing at even greater distances.
Of course, making these measurements is a bit trickier than just saying “that star looks redder than it should be.” Instead, astronomers make use of markers in the spectrum of starlight. This is the study of spectroscopy. If you shine a flashlight beam through a prism, a rainbow comes out the other side. But if you place a clear container filled with hydrogen gas between the flashlight and the prism, gaps appear in the smooth rainbow of colors, places where the light literally goes missing.
The dark absorption lines of a star at rest (left) get shifted towards red if the star is moving away from Earth (right).
Image via Wikipedia.
The hydrogen atoms are tuned to absorb very specific frequencies of light. When a beam of light consisting of many colors passes through the gas, those frequencies get removed – absorbed – from the beam. The rainbow becomes littered with what astronomers call absorption lines. Replace the hydrogen with helium, and you get a completely different pattern of absorption lines. Every atom and molecule has a distinct absorption fingerprint that allows astronomers to tease out the chemical makeup of distant stars and galaxies.
When we pass starlight through a prism (or similar device suitable for telescopes, such as diffraction gratings), we see a forest of absorption lines from hydrogen, helium, sodium, and so on. However, if that star is hurtling away from us, all those absorption lines undergo a Doppler shift and move toward the red part of the rainbow. This is what we call a redshift. For stars heading toward us, the opposite happens, and the lines are shifted toward the blue end of the spectrum; they are blueshifted (generally, astronomers only use the term redshift to simplify things, and just put a negative sign in front of it if it’s a blueshift).
By measuring how far away the lines are located from where they’re supposed to be in the spectrum, astronomers can calculate the speed of a star or a galaxy relative to Earth, and even how a galaxy rotates: by measuring a different redshift for one side of the galaxy compared to the other, you can see which side is moving away from you and which side is moving toward you.
With this tool, the motion of the universe is revealed and a host of new questions can be investigated.
And galaxies aren’t the only things that can be investigated with redshifts. Astronomers have learned to tease out the subtle tug of a distant planet on its parent star, thus revealing the planet to astronomers. If a star in our Milky Way galaxy has a hidden planet – and if astronomers see that the star sometimes exhibits a slight redshift and other times a slight blueshift – the astronomers infer that star is alternating between moving toward and away from us. They refer to this movement as a “wobble” of the star in space. Something must be pulling on the star, causing it to wobble. By measuring how far the absorption lines shift, an astronomer can determine the mass of the invisible companion and its distance from the star, and come to the conclusion that a planet is in orbit around the star!
As a planet orbits a star, it tugs the star back and forth with tiny movements. Astronomers see the star wobbling as an alternating red and blueshift of its spectrum.
Image via ESO.
In addition to finding other worlds, redshifts also led to one of the most important discoveries of the 20th century. In the 1910s, astronomers at Lowell Observatory and elsewhere noticed that the light from nearly every galaxy was redshifted: most galaxies in the universe were racing away from us! A Belgian scientist, Georges Lemaître, who was also a priest, recognized that the recession velocities of the galaxies could be explained by a startling truth: the universe is expanding! In 1929, American astronomer Edwin Hubble matched up redshifts with distance estimates to the galaxies and uncovered something remarkable: the farther away a galaxy, the faster it’s receding. This relation, the Hubble law, was renamed in 2018 by the International Astronomical Union to the Hubble–Lemaître law.
What came to be known as the cosmological redshift was the first piece of the Big Bang theory, and ultimately a description of the origin of our universe.
The list of the most distant astronomical objects is always changing as astronomers find higher and higher redshifted objects on the brink of the observable universe. Galaxies, quasars and even gamma-ray bursts travel for eons across the cosmos, delivering their faint red light, and revealing a little more of the secrets of the universe.
Edwin Hubble and colleagues found a correlation between distance to a galaxy (horizontal axis) and how quickly it’s moving away from Earth (vertical axis). The movement of galaxies in a nearby cluster adds some “noise” to this plot.
Image via William C. Keel/ Wikipedia.
Bottom line: A redshift reveals how an object in space (star/planet/galaxy) is moving compared to us. It lets astronomers measure a distance for the most distant (and therefore oldest) objects in our universe.
SATURN'S MOON RHEA HAS A MYSTERIOUS MATERIAL ON ITS SURFACE
SATURN'S MOON RHEA HAS A MYSTERIOUS MATERIAL ON ITS SURFACE
A NEW STUDY REVEALS A CURIOUS RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SATURN'S MOON RHEA AND ITS NEIGHBOR, TITAN.
THE SECOND LARGEST
planet of the Solar System, Saturn is adorned by icy rings and orbited by a veritable swarm of some 80 moons.
These satellites have their own unique properties, some so unusual and intriguing that they stand out from other lunar bodies found throughout the Solar System, including our own natural companion, the Moon.
One of these strange celestial bodies is Saturn's second largest moon, Rhea. The moon may be a cold, airless object, but it also possesses three narrow, dense rings — a mirror of its host planet. These rings are the first ever discovered around a moon. Rhea's unique features do not end there, however — previous spectroscopy studies had hinted at an unidentifiable substance on the moon's surface.
And now, old Cassini data may resolve this longstanding lunar mystery.
The new findings are detailed in a study published Friday in the journal Science Advances.
HERE'S THE BACKGROUND
Rhea is the second largest moon in orbit around Saturn — with a radius spanning 475 miles. The moon is tidally locked around Saturn, meaning that one side of Rhea constantly faces the large planet. It completes an entire orbit of the gas giant in 4.5 Earth days.
Rhea is a cold, harsh world. Its temperatures range from -281 degrees Fahrenheit on sunlit areas, to -364 degrees Fahrenheit on its dark side. In keeping with the cool temperatures, the moon is largely made up of water ice.
The mystery of Rhea's surface began decades ago, when NASA's Cassini spacecraft flew by Rhea as part of its mission to explore Saturn and its moons. Cassini performed a spectrographic analysis, collecting ultraviolet imaging data of the moon and its chemical make-up, confirming that its surface was made up of ice. But the data also showed evidence of an unidentifiable material.
A 3D model of Saturn's moon, Rhea, made by the NASA Visualization Technology Applications and Development.
HOW THEY DID IT
Bhalamurugan Sivaraman is an associate professor at the Physical Research Laboratory in India and co-author of the new study. He tells Inverse his team sought to investigate the chemical nature of this mysterious signal. To do that, the team turned back to the original Cassini data.
"We used data from the Cassini archive in order to understand exactly what's going on," Sivaraman says.
The team reanalyzed the data collected by one of Cassini's Rhea flybys, and ran experiments here on Earth to see if they could identify the chemical make-up of the molecules which produced the unknown absorption band.
The team behind the new study analyzed the data collected by Cassini's Rhea flyby, and ran lab experiments to test out different molecules and see which one would have produced the unknown signal.
Cassini detected an unidentifiable wavelength coming from Rhea, which scientists could not previously explain.Elowitz et. al
WHAT THEY FOUND
By running through possible candidates, the researchers eventually hit on the likely culprit: Hydrazine. This is the first time the compound has ever been detected on a moon, according to the study.
"When we did the experiment for hydrazine, it was a match," Sivaraman says.
Hydrazine is an inorganic compound, a colorless liquid with the same pungent smell as ammonia. Here on Earth, it is used in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and as a propellant for spacecraft.
To understand where the hydrazine could've come from, Sivaraman and his colleagues essentially tried to recreate Rhea's surface conditions in the lab.
Curiously, these simulations suggest Rhea's lunar neighbor, Titan, Saturn's largest moon, may be have to do with the presence of hydrazine. Titan may be emitting nitrogen molecules towards Rhea, which would then interact with the radiation on the moon to convert nitrogen into hydrazine, the researchers suggest.
This kind of interaction between two moons is a rarity in our Solar System. But considering how large Titan is, it is likely the moon would exert some influence over its surrounding objects, Sivaraman explains.
The cratered plains of Saturn's moon Rhea are visible in this image obtained by NASA's Cassinispacecraft on Nov. 21, 2009.
Considering this is the first detection of hydrazine on a moon, the team behind the study want to further observe other moons to see if hydrazine forms anywhere else in the Solar System. They also suspect there may be more as-yet unknown chemistry waiting to be discovered, too.
"This particular work helps us identify another molecule, which we didn’t know existed before," Sivaraman says.
"We would like to look for molecules that are being absorbed in other wavelengths as well."
Abstract:
We present the first analysis of far-ultraviolet reflectance spectra of regions on Rhea’s leading and trailing hemispheres collected by the Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph during targeted flybys. In particular, we aim to explain the unidentified broad absorption feature centred near 184 nm. We have used laboratory measurements of the UV spectroscopy of a set of candidate molecules and found a good fit to Rhea’s spectra with both hydrazine monohydrate and several chlorine-containing molecules. Given the radiation-dominated chemistry on the surface of icy satellites embedded within their planets’ magnetospheres, hydrazine monohydrate is argued to be the most plausible candidate for explaining the absorption feature at 184 nm. Hydrazine was also used as a propellant in Cassini’s thrusters, but the thrusters were not used during icy satellite flybys and thus the signal is believed to not arise from spacecraft fuel. We discuss how hydrazine monohydrate may be chemically produced on icy surfaces.
RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011
NASA's cassini spacecraft has discovered oxygen and carbon dioxide on Saturn's moon Rhea. NASA's Cassini spacecraft has detected a very tenuous atmosphere known as an exosphere, infused with oxygen and carbon dioxide around Saturn's icy moon Rhea. This is the first time a spacecraft has directly captured molecules of an oxygen atmosphere -- albeit a very thin one -- at a world other than Earth.
Egypt was first ruled by beings who came down from heaven 5,300 years ago. They were gods like Set, Tot, Osiris, Horus Scorpion, and Horus Ka.
The pre-pharaonic period of Ancient Egypt is one of the enigmas of history. Despite the historical controversy regarding the existence of gods , ancient texts say that these powerful beings who “came from above” were the first rulers , before the first “human” pharaoh.
Historians have concluded that the first pharaoh was King Menes-Narmer , who established his rule in 3100 BC. C. Archaic history is more mysterious.
Archaic epoch with star gods pharaohs
The ancient history of Menes-Narmer’s predecessors is diffuse, and for this reason it is considered as a mythological dynasty . It is the so-called Protodynamic Period or Dynasty 0 .
The Egyptian gods were these first rulers , enigmatic beings of extraterrestrial character . They may have traveled from the constellation Orion , as they were associated with those distant stars.
According to Plutarch: Ra left for the heavens and Osiris became pharaoh of Egypt together with Isis and they built Thebes [present-day Luxor] ”.
From ancient texts it follows that Ra, Osiris, Isis, Thoth, and Horus were the most prominent ruling deities of this time of Ancient Egypt. The Royal Papyrus of Turin or List of Kings of Turin is a document that lists all the pharaohs.
By some estimates, these entire lineages would have lasted 13,000 years! Before 3,100 BC It has also been stated that Ptah was the first pharaoh in history .
Pharaoh Horus and “incarnations” of him
As we saw, Horus is among the main proto-dynastic pharaohs. The Palermo Stele says that it reigned millennia ago. There are also “incarnations” of this deity , (half divine and half human, perhaps? As hybrids ? ). Among them are names like Horus Scorpion I, Double Falcon and Horus Crocodile .
Another incarnation is Horus Ka , who reigned a generation before Menes / Narmer. Ka was buried in a double grave at Abydos . In finds from his tomb there are sherds with hieroglyphics of two raised hands . This sign was called “ka” and means “soul . ” Ka was the first pharaoh to adopt that hieroglyph and with a falcon on it .
Because of the powerful quality, either supernatural or technological , of the Egyptian gods, historians of the mainstream ( mainstream ) have never promoted the veracity of the story governments. Perhaps they were not mythological and in fact they reigned in person in Egypt .
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At around 11:45 AM On September 15, 2007, the residents of the village of Carancas in the remote highlands of Peru, near the Bolivian border and Lake Titicaca, had their normally quiet, uneventful day intruded upon by the sight of a fiery ball shooting across the sky trailing smoke, bright enough to be seen for miles around despite it being the middle of the day. It was quite the spectacle for the rural, superstitious locals, and it became even more intense when the object smacked down into the earth nearby, generating a mushroom shaped cloud and leaving behind a crater measuring 20 feet deep and 45 feet wide, from which spewed boiling water and noxious fumes, the whole of it surrounded by smoking black fragments. The impact from the object was so strong that the shockwave shattered windows up to one kilometer away, damaged buildings, knocked a man off of his bicycle, and its vibrations were picked up on seismographic and infrasound monitoring equipment as far away as Bolivia. It would have seemed almost like a catastrophic event for the scared locals, and they even thought it might be an attack. Yet it would get stranger still, as this particular meteorite would prove to have some strange properties, and it would go on to spark a mysterious illness that remains unsolved.
When officials and scientists arrived at the scene, they quickly ascertained that this was a large meteorite that had hit, estimated as being about 10 feet across, weighing12 tons, and hitting the earth at roughly 10,000 miles per hour. It was found to have been a chondrite meteorite, likely pulled from an asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, and although it was one of the largest meteorite impacts in modern history, considering its composition it was a puzzle as to why the thing had not burned up in the atmosphere. Indeed, for a chondrite meteorite such an impact and crater were deemed to be practically impossible, with Peter Schultz, a professor of geological sciences saying of it, “This meteor crashed into the Earth at three kilometers per second, exploded, and buried itself into the ground. Carancas simply should not have happened.” Indeed, the impact at Carancas is still classified as the only known such impact by a chondrite meteorite. It was also considered strange that the meteorite had hit so hot and with such fumes, rare for meteorite strikes, which actually hit quite cool and have no odor typically. But wait, it gets even weirder.
The impact site
In the days after the mysterious meteorite strike, many of the locals who had come to investigate right after it hit, numbering in the hundreds, began to come down with a mysterious illness. The unexplained sickness brought with it various symptoms including dermal injuries, rashes, nosebleeds, dizziness, nausea, headaches, diarrhea and vomiting, and soon the local hospital was packed with people suffering from the mysterious ailments, for which no cause could be discerned. So many people were being admitted, in fact, that auxiliary medical tents were set up to deal with the influx, and no one had any idea what was causing it. There were also reports that livestock were falling sick as well, with many of them bleeding from their noses and even dying. The government even considered declaring a state of emergency, but then a few days later everyone recovered as if nothing had happened.
Although the exact cause of the mysterious symptoms could not be determined even with blood tests, it was widely agreed that it had had something to do with the meteorite, as most people had begun to get sick just hours after approaching it. One theory was that the ground water had been contaminated somehow, but if that were the case, then why did the sickness only affect people and animals that had been near the meteorite impact? Another idea was that arsenic already present in the groundwater had been released as an aerosol by the steaming meteor, but the arsenic in the water was found to have been the same level as that of the drinking water in the rest of the areas where people did not get sick. It was also speculated that it had had something to do with the strong smell of sulfur reported near the crater, likely caused by the vaporization of a compound called troilite within the meteorite. Radiation was also considered, but soon ruled out when the readings from the crater were found to be no higher than normal. It could also have been a gas explosion or some unidentified hydrothermal activity, and Don Yeomans, head of the Near Earth Object Program at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, has said of the mystery illness:
Statistically, it’s far more likely to have come from below than from above. The noxious fumes that have supposedly sickened curious locals who went to examine the crater would seem to indicate hydrothermal activity, such as a local gas explosion, because meteorites don’t give off odors.
The Carancas crater
Still another idea was that it was all psychosomatic, caused merely by the superstitious beliefs of the populous, who believed that it had come from the gods, was cursed, or was some supernatural portent of doom. The mayor of the village even had a shaman come to the impact site in order to perform a ritual to appease fears, going as far as to sacrifice a baby llama in the process. Fragments of the meteorite have been kept and studied, but they are completely normal, and there is no indication for why this particular event should have created such a sickness. To this day the mystery of the Carancas meteorite has never really been completely solved, and we are left to wonder just what was going on here.
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Sometimes, when I’m being interviewed on the matter of the Men in Black, I find that show-hosts want me to avoid talking about the paranormal aspects of the MIB mystery. Yes, really. Why? What I can say for sure is that at least some hosts seem embarrassed by the weirder side of the phenomenon. Too bad for them. I can only tell them as it is. The fact is, though, the “Secret Agent” angle of it all is about as far from the reality of the mystery than you, me, or anyone else could ever get. Indeed, the guy who began the whole MIB mystery – Albert Bender – was absolutely steeped in the worlds of the paranormal, the occult, and the supernatural. John Keel, too – of The Mothman Prophecies – quickly realized the Men in Black were not in the employ of the CIA, FBI, Military Intelligence, etc. They were way too strange and obviously non-human. They still are (yes, I still get a lot of MIB accounts to this day).
I find it fascinating that some people outright want to almost rewrite the history of the real Men in Black. That’s why I feel it’s important to let them know they’re talking out of their collective asses. For a lot of people in Ufology, bringing in the domain of the occult is similar to those Cryptozoologists who get mad when someone (like me, LOL) says Bigfoot is a shape-shifting Tulpa that can become invisible! I could go on and on when it comes to the weirder side of the MIB controversy. There’s a better way of getting the message over, though. It’s by sharing with you a classic, perfect example of why the MIB are far removed from the worlds of the Pentagon or Area 51.
Alison Spence, who I interviewed in 2013, had a very strange encounter with a Man in Black back in the latter part of 1973, when she was living in Pasadena, California. It’s notable, and probably relevant, for me to reveal that a major UFO wave was going on at that time, and all across the United States. While hiking in the California hills one Sunday morning, Alison encountered a classic, silver-colored flying saucer-style UFO which, at first, at least, was high in the sky. Suddenly, it dropped to around fifty or sixty above her, hanging there in an odd, wobbling fashion. Amazed, Alison could only stare as the silent craft bobbed around – like a boat on churning waters – and then shot away at high speed. Alison raced home and excitedly told her family of what had just taken place. They, apparently, weren’t the only ones who knew what had occurred on the fateful morning in 1973. Three days later, and after sunset, Alison had a visitor. Not a welcome one, I should stress. It was a Man in Black, a skinny – almost emaciated – old man, dressed in a shabby black suit, looking pale and ill, and wearing an old, 1950s-style fedora hat.
Alison said that she felt her mind was briefly enslaved, as the MIB near-hypnotically asked her to invite him into her home. In a slight daze, and to her eternal cost, she did exactly that. She retreated to the couch, stumbling slightly and feeling ice-cold. The old man followed her, and stood in the living-room, looming over her, as he warned her – in no uncertain terms – never to discuss her close encounter again. Ever. The MIB then turned around and headed to the door. At that exact same moment, Alison felt her mental faculties return to normal and she raced after him, just as he exited the door and closed it behind him. Alison threw the door open wide, only to find the old Man in Black gone. In his place, however, was something else: it was a large, black dog with bright red eyes. It snapped and snarled in Alison’s direction and in what was clearly a deeply malevolent, dangerous fashion.
Alison stared in horror as the glowing-eyed monster prowled around the yard, clearly intent on adding to the malevolent atmosphere that was already firmly in place. Suddenly, and as if out of nowhere, a large, black Cadillac – that looked decades-old in design – appeared and screeched to a halt outside of Alison’s home. It should be noted, here, that the MIB almost always drive such cars of that particular type, age and color. Alison watched, shocked and scared, as the back door on the driver’s-side opened and the fiendish black hound bounded across the front yard and leapt into the back of the Cadillac, which shot away at high speed!
Is it possible that some UFO encounters might not be what they initially appear to be – namely face to face confrontations with extraterrestrials from faraway worlds? Might they actually be carefully stage-managed, manipulated events? Perhaps our presumed aliens are, in reality, shapeshifters from our world; entities that toy with our minds and assume the roles and even the appearances of ETs. Today, when people ponder on the matter of extraterrestrial encounters, they typically think of so-called alien abductions and the Grays, those diminutive, large-headed entities with eerie, black eyes that are near-hypnotic in nature. Back in the latter part of the 1940s and the early 1950s, however, things were very different. Infinitely different, even. Back then, the Grays were in the sights of precisely no-one at all. That’s not to say people weren’t encountering aliens, however. They most assuredly were. Back then, however, they were known as the Space Brothers.
They were very human-looking aliens – sometimes slightly shorter in stature than us, and occasionally reaching heights of around seven feet. They wore long robes, or silver-outfits similar to the clothing worn by fighter-pilots. And their message was always the same: they were deeply concerned by our growing nuclear arsenals and wished us to lay down our weapons and live in peace and harmony with one another – some chance of that happening any time soon. Among the more well-known of all the Contactees were George Adamski (whose 1952 book, Flying Saucers Have Landed, became a huge hit with not just UFO devotees but with the public, too), George Van Tassel (who attracted significant FBI attention as a result of his UFO claims), and Frank Stranges, who maintained that human-like ETs had infiltrated the Pentagon. And then there were the lesser known Contactees, one of whom is central to the story that this particular article is focused on. His name was Orfeo Angelucci.
George Van Tassel’s legendary Integratron (Nick Redfern)
Although a fairly minor cog in the Contactee wheel, Angelucci wrote a number of well-received books, even though they failed to sell in large quantities. They included The Secret of the Saucers and Son of the Sun. The nature of Angelucci’s experiences will soon become very familiar to you. According to the man himself – who was born in 1912 and who worked for a New Jersey-based flooring company – it was in 1946 that his experiences of the other world variety began, something which Angelucci reveals in Son of the Sun. Angelucci had a big interest in science and aviation and, in August 1946, launched a large balloon array into the skies of Trenton, New Jersey. They were balloons filled with different kinds of mold – the reason being to determine if mold was affected by exposure to different altitudes, temperatures, and air pressure. Angelucci further maintained that it was this experience which caught the attention of the Space Brothers, and who specifically chose him to further their agenda on our planet.
Although Angelucci claimed numerous encounters with the cosmic brothers (and sisters, too), it was not so much the encounters, themselves, that were overly significant, but the means by which the entities from the stars manifested before him. It’s important to note that although Angelucci stressed it was in the summer of 1946 that aliens first took note of his work with high-altitude balloons, it was not until 1952 that the cosmic ones met with him, face to face. By this time, Angelucci had moved to California; specifically to Los Angeles. May 23, 1952 was the day – or, rather, the night – on which everything changed for Angelucci. It started out as a strange day – even before the ETs arrived on the scene. From the moment he woke up, Angelucci felt agitated, worried, and had a strange sense that the day was going to turn out very weird. He was right on target.
At the time, Angelucci was employed by the Lockheed Corporation – which, interestingly enough, George Van Tassel had also been employed at, albeit in the 1940s – and was working a night-shift. It was shortly after midnight on the evening in question that Angelucci got in his car and drove home. He didn’t know it then, but he was about to have a detour, and an experience, of a very weird kind. It was as Angelucci crossed a bridge over the Los Angeles River – a bridge that was eerily empty of any other vehicles, at the time – that he caught sight of a large, blue-colored ball of light that was clearly shadowing him. The beach-ball sized circle of light took a sudden turn, appearing directly in front of Angelucci’s car. Shocked to the core, Angelucci slowed his car to practically walking pace, and watched, amazed, as two small, green balls of light emerged from the larger one and floated towards him.
Via telepathy a booming voice informed Angelucci that he had indeed been watched ever since the day of that fateful balloon launch back in 1946. Angelucci was about to ask a question when the two balls closed in on each other, and eventually merging into one, larger, green light. In mere seconds, the ball changed into the disembodied images of a man and a woman – or, as Angelucci came to learn – the floating heads of a pair of aliens who could pass for you or I. Like so many of the Contactees, Angelucci was asked – in a noticeable and slightly bullying and patronizing fashion – to spread the word of the supposedly utterly benevolent ETs. “We’ll be back,” they said, when all was over, and in slightly Arnold Schwarzenegger-fashion. The ball of light raced into the sky and Angelucci, a nervous character at the best of times, raced home.
The aliens were good to their word and arranged a following meeting – again late at night – under Los Angeles’ Hyperion Avenue Freeway Bridge. As Angelucci patiently waited, he finally noticed a pair of small balls of green light approaching through the darkness. They were coming. The lights transformed into one single light, described by the man of the hour as something resembling a huge “soap bubble” that gave off a “pale glow.” A chummy chat about the Universe, destiny, life, death, and even the afterlife followed – although the chat was a strange one, given that Angelucci found himself speaking to a ball of light that spoke back to him. Then, suddenly, the light was gone and Angelucci was left to do nothing stranger than head back home.
Three weeks later, and undercover of overwhelming darkness, Angelucci was back at the bridge – as were the two green lights. On this time, however, they shapeshifted into the forms of a man and a woman, whose appearance, said Angelucci, put them both at around the age of thirty-five. The male, entity – named Neptune – warned Angelucci that our solar-system had been the home to numerous, earlier civilizations that had destroyed themselves, and that unless we changed our dangerous ways, we would surely be next on the long and sorry list of casualties. It was for that very reason, Neptune said, that Angelucci should write books on his experiences and get the word out to the public – which he duly and faithfully did, right up until his death in 1993, at the age of eighty-one.
Waarnemingen wijzen op neergestorte meteoriet in regio Aalst-Dendermonde:
Waarnemingen wijzen op neergestorte meteoriet in regio Aalst-Dendermonde: "Kans dat je hem vindt, is quasi onbestaande"
De kans bestaat dat er eergisteren een meteoriet is neergestort op Belgisch grondgebied. Dat meldt Volkssterrenwacht Mira op Twitter, op basis van bijna 200 waarnemingen van een vallend object, en dat zowel in België, Nederland, Engeland als Frankrijk. Daarnaast hebben 3 speciale camera's beelden gemaakt van het traject van dat vallende object. Op basis daarvan is er een zone afgebakend, tussen Aalst en Dendermonde, waar de meteoriet zou kunnen liggen. Wie op zoek gaat, blijft waarschijnlijk op zijn honger zitten. "De kans dat je die meteoriet vindt, is zo goed als onbestaande", zegt Philippe Mollet van Volkssterrenwacht Mira. Geoloog Steven Goderis (VUB) ging al op zoek, maar zonder resultaat.
"Jaarlijks vallen er verschillende meteorieten neer op Belgisch grondgebied, maar omdat ons land zo dichtbevolkt is, verkleint dat de kans op een vondst. En op klaarlichte dag is een meteoriet zo goed als onmogelijk waar te nemen. Alle eerdere vondsten waren eerder toevallig. Dit zou letterlijk de eerste keer zijn dat er op basis van systematische waarnemingen én de moderne cameratechnologie effectief een meteoriet wordt teruggevonden", zegt Mollet.
"Het is geen kwestie van zoeken naar een speld in een hooiberg, maar naar een speld in een hooiveld. De kans is niet onbestaande, maar toch verwaarloosbaar klein. Want waarschijnlijk gaat het niet om één deeltje, maar om verschillende kleinere deeltjes die uit elkaar zijn gespat. Wie toch op speurtocht gaat: een meteoriet is een zwartgeblakerd steentje, qua gewicht iets zwaarder dan een "gewone" steen en met een ruw oppervlak, waar onderweg naar de aarde wat stukjes af zijn gevlogen."
Dit zou de eerste keer zijn dat er op basis van systematische waarnemingen effectief een meteoriet wordt teruggevonden.
Vrijdagochtend waren er "honderden waarnemingen" van wat Mollet "een mogelijk neergestorte meteoriet" noemt. "Waarnemingen van een bijzonder heldere vuurbol en dat zowel in het westen van ons land, als in het zuiden van Nederland, het noorden van Frankrijk en het zuidoosten van Engeland, ongeveer 200 in totaal. Op basis van de locaties van die waarnemingen, en observaties van het cameranetwerk FRIPON (Fireball Recovery and Interplanetary Observation Network, red.) in Brussel, Oostkapelle (Nederland) en Noordwijk (Nederland) kunnen we een gebied afbakenen tussen Aalst en Dendermonde waarin de meteoriet is neergestort."
Het is trouwens niet zo evident om een meteoriet te spotten. "Als wandelaar is de kans klein, dat je opmerkt wat er recht boven je hoofd aan het gebeuren is. Zelfs de meest ervaren waarnemers worden nog verrast. Het moeilijkste aspect, is om de hoogte in te schatten. Als mens is onze blik vrij horizontaal gericht. Daardoor lijkt wat we zien in de verte erg hoog, maar we schatten die hoogte vaak hoger in dan ze eigenlijk is."
De sneeuw heeft onze zoektocht vanmorgen aanzienlijk bemoeilijkt.
Deze voormiddag zijn er al enkele geologen op zoek gegaan naar de meteoriet. "Maar een systematische zoektocht nu is bijzonder moeilijk, omdat alles er vochtig bijligt", zegt Mollet. "En dat materiaal is bijzonder broos, dus het gaat snel verweren." Geoloog Steven Goderis (VUB) is er deze voormiddag al op uitgetrokken in regio Aalst. "Door de sneeuw was het onmogelijk om iets te vinden. Dinsdag organiseren we een systematische zoektocht, samen met enkele doctoraatsstudenten."
Beeld van de meteoriet op 22 januari omstreeks 7.52 uur in Brussel
Meteoriet neergestort in België. Ligt hij in jouw achtertuin?
Volkssterrenwacht Mira deelt op Twitter mee dat er een meteoriet is ingeslagen op Belgisch grondgebied. De steen meet maximaal enkele centimeters doorsnee en werd voorlopig nog niet gevonden.
De meteoriet zou vrijdagochtend neergestort zijn in de regio Aalst-Dendermonde om 7.52 uur. De melding kwam binnen via het FRIPON-cameranetwerk. FRIPON staat voor Fireball Recovery and Interplanetary Observation Network. Camera’s in Brussel, Oostkapelle en Noordwijk legden een deel van het traject van de meteoriet vast.
Een meteoriet is een stukje ruimtepuin — afkomstig van een planetoïde, komeet of meteoroïde — dat inslaat op aarde. Het kleine gruis en puin komt van de oermaterie uit de wolk waaruit de zon en de rest van het zonnestelsel zijn ontstaan. Tijdens de val wordt het materiaal sterk afgeremd door onze atmosfeer en warmt het op, waardoor er een vallende vuurbal te zien is: dit is een meteoor, ook gekend als vallende ster. Het materiaal dat niet opbrandt en uiteindelijk op aarde neervalt, is een meteoriet. Jaarlijks komen zo’n 20.000 tot 80.000 meteorieten zwaarder dan 10 gram ergens op Aarde terecht. Maar het meeste materiaal dat zo op de Aarde valt, bestaat uit micrometeorieten die als stofjes neerdwarrelen. Goed voor naar schatting 35.000 tot 80.000 ton per jaar.
Het is van 1971 geleden dat er een meteoriet op Belgisch grondgebied werd gevonden. We leven dan ook in een erg klein land in verhouding tot onze hele planeet. Indien ook het exemplaar van vrijdag wordt gerecupereerd, zou het de zevende keer dat er in ons land een meteoriet wordt aangetroffen.
Zo kan de meteoriet eruit zien. Dit is de zesde Belgische meteoriet tentoongesteld in Museum voor Natuurwetenschappen.
Er bestaan verschillende soorten meteorieten en het is niet zo eenvoudig om te bepalen wanneer het effectief om een meteoriet gaat. WikiHow geeft enkele tips om een meteoriet te onderscheiden van andere stenen en metalen.
Zo is er de kleur. Als het gevaarte nog maar net uit de lucht is gevallen, is de kleur blinkend zwart, door de verbranding in de atmosfeer. Door zijn verblijf op de aarde wordt het materiaal na verloop van tijd roestbruin. Dan is er ook de vorm. Die is meestal grillig, onregelmatig.
Er is de smeltkorst. “Als het oppervlak van je steen eruitziet alsof het is gesmolten en veranderd, kan het een meteoriet zijn”, schrijft WikiHow. Op die glazige, donkere buitenlaag komen ook vaak kleine streeplijnen voor. Verder zitten er soms ook putjes in het materiaal, maar nooit gaten.
Magnetisch
Meteorieten zijn ook nooit poreus, maar vast. Ze voelen zwaarder aan dan andere gesteenten en zijn meestal magnetisch. Dat komt door de hoge concentratie aan het overgangsmetaal nikkel en het onedel metaal ijzer binnenin. Ook aan de buitenkant zie je vaak korrels als sporen van dat nikkel en ijzer.
Een echte meteoriet laat verder geen duidelijke strepen achter - behalve eventueel een klein beetje grijs - als je die tegen een onbehandelde keramische steen schraapt. Daarvoor kan de achterkant van een keramische tegel of van een koffiekopje of de binnenkant van een toiletreservoir dienen. Let wel: ook veel aardse gesteenten laten geen sporen na op onbehandelde keramiek. De test dient dus enkel om een meteoriet uit te sluiten.
Een meteoriet is niet gevaarlijk. Het is een fabeltje dat het gesteente gloeiend heet zou zijn bij ‘de landing’, want de meteoriet is tegen dan al lang afgekoeld en voelt hoogstens nog een beetje warm aan.
Eerlijke vinder
De eerlijke vinder is in principe eigenaar van de meteoriet als hij/zij die op het eigen domein vindt. De oorspronkelijke eigenaar heeft dan wettelijk drie jaar de tijd om het voorwerp op te eisen, maar in dit geval bestaat die niet en blijft de nieuwe eigenaar in het bezit van het materiaal. Als de ruimtesteen op privéterrein wordt gevonden, dan moet die normaal wel aan de gemeente worden overgemaakt.
Vond jij de meteoriet? Laat het onze redactie weten viaredactie@hln.be.
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UFOs During Sunrise Over San Diego de Alejandría, Mexico 1-13-2021 UFO Sighting News.
UFOs During Sunrise Over San Diego de Alejandría, Mexico 1-13-2021 ,UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Jan 13, 2021 Location of sighting: Alejadria, Mexico
UFOs are frequently seen around Mexico, and I believe it is because alien bases were made thousand of years ago below several of the volcanos in the region. Volcanos such as Colima, Popocatepetl, Cofre De Perote, La Malinche, Nevado De Toluca, Pico de Orizaba (major UFOs seen here) and Tacana. All of which have past UFO reports of object exiting and entering the mouth of the volcanos in Mexico. 100% proof that there are more frequently seen UFO sightings DUE TO THE FACT, that aliens made more bases 6km below the volcanos...all of which were made thousands of years ago.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
Eyewitness states:
Greetings, they just appeared out of nowhere and at first they seemed only 3 lights then they lengthen (they advance) but very slowly it seems that they do not move and believe me it is not the first time I see them and in person their glow is fascinating, the place is in the highlands of Jalisco in a place called San Diego de Alejandria, it was between 7 and 8 in the morning, January 13, 2021.
UFO Enters/Exits Cloud Over Picos-Piaui, Brazil Jan 15, 2021, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Enters/Exits Cloud Over Picos-Piaui, Brazil Jan 15, 2021, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting:Jan 15, 2021 Location of sighting: Picos, Brazil
The eyewitness Luan Silva of Youtube noticed something strange in the sky above. A large whitish object was moving in and out of the clouds every few seconds, as if it were playing peekaboo with him. He pulled out his cell phone and caught a 20 seconds of the interesting encounter the UFO was playing with them. Its almost like a child, playing with them. Very odd behavior, but some alien species are playful, and yet this also could be controlled by AI which is alive, but worried it may frighten the people below so reveals itself little by little to get the people use to it. Nevertheless...its the very cute to watch.
Missing 411: Three People Missing Just South of Yosemite National Park
Missing 411: Three People Missing Just South of Yosemite National Park
This is the story of James Arthur, Theresa Bier, and Doug Pearce all missing under unusual circumstances in the region south of Yosemite National Park.
David Paulides is a former police officer who is now an investigator and writer known primarily for his self-published books, one dedicated to proving the reality of Bigfoot, and his Missing 411 series of books, in which he documents the disappearance of people in national parks and elsewhere.
Paulides attributes mysterious, unspecified causes to these disappearances, while data analysis suggests that these disappearances are not statistically mysterious or unexpected.
Bright UFO filmed from a plane over Karachi, Pakistan 23-Jan-2021
Bright UFO filmed from a plane over Karachi, Pakistan 23-Jan-2021
This video was filmed high above the Karachi in Pakistan on 23rd January 2021.
Witness report:
We were flying at 35000 feet.Operating Captain was just in the process of sitting down on his seat and the aircraft started to turn on the route which enabled him to see this brilliant white round object above and to the right of the aircraft.It could either have been hovering or moving slowly(difficult to tell due relative motion).Cell phone cameras were put in action fat to capture the object.After landing was found out that it had been seen/filmed in different areas as well.
The sandworms on the planet Arrakis are considered by many to be the real stars of the Dune novels of Frank Herbert. Reaching anywhere from 400 meters (1,300 ft) to a reported “half a league” (1.5 miles (2.4 km)) in length and 40 meters (130 ft) in diameter, they’re responsible for the treasured drug melange and featured in many action sequences because of their rideability and aversion to intruders.
Fortunately, these sandworms are fictional, but a smaller and equally vicious version does exist right here on Earth in the form of the Bobbitt worm (Eunice aphroditois) – a 10-foot-long bristle worm that burrows in the soft sediment of the ocean floor, waiting to ambush its prey by exploding out of the sand, grabbing their catch in vise jaws and dragging them back into the sediment for consumption. (Photos and videos here.) Fortunately, their favorite prey is fish and their larvae don’t excrete melange or any other spices. However, they don’t appear to have any natural enemies, which explains why they’ve lived nearly unchanged for 20 million years, according to a new study in the journal Scientific Reports.
A modern Bobbit worm hunts on the sea floor with just its head exposed. Researchers have found fossils suggesting they were terrorizing the ocean the same way 20 million years ago.
(Chutinun Mora)
The fossil burrow opening, left, is compared to a modern Bobbit worm burrow opening. The researchers found that the fossil and modern burrows were similar.
An animation shows how the trace fossil would have formed.
(Yu Yen Pan)
The top part of the fossil burrow, seen from the side, is funnel shaped, with feathery lines from the disturbance of the soil that's thought to be caused by the worm pulling prey into the burrow.
This is an artistic reconstruction of Websteroprion armstrongi, a Bobbit worm that lived 400 million years ago in Ontario. Its fossil jaws were discovered and reported by a team of researchers that included David Rudkin at the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto.
(James Ormiston)
“This trace fossil consists of an up to 2 m long, 2–3 cm in diameter, L-shaped burrow with distinct feather-like structures around the upper shaft. A comparison of Pennichnus to biological analogs strongly suggests that this new ichnogenus is associated with ambush-predatory worms that lived about 20 million years ago.”
How big?
Because they were squishy worms, no skeletal fossils of this species exist, but researchers led by National Taiwan University sedimentologist Ludvig Löwemark found trace fossils – burrows, prints and squiggles made by something on the floor of the ocean near Taiwan. By eliminating the traces being made by shrimp or snails – their burrows are longer and two-way – the researchers concluded they’d discovered the burrows of the ancestor of the modern Bobbitt worm.
We know what you’re dying to ask – yes, they’re named for Lorena Bobbitt, who in 1993 sliced off her sleeping husband’s penis after years of abuse. The nickname came from divers who witnessed the worms slicing fish in half with their jaws.
The 319 trace fossils discovered at two sites pointed to an ancient Bobbitt worm for a number of reasons. They were high in iron, which came from the mucous they used to stabilize the burrows. The tunnels were L-shaped, which is typical for soft worms that can’t dig too far down before hitting hard dirt and going horizontal. Finally, they look very much like the burrows of modern Bobbitt worms.
If that’s not your hand on my leg …
Despite not providing melange or being large enough to ride, Löwemark and his team plan to search for more trace fossils of the ancient worms, now that they know what to look for. They’ve named the trace fossils Pennichnus formosae, meaning “beautiful feather trace,” which refers to the feathery patterns left when the worm re-enters the burrow with its prey.
Ancient Bobbitt worm (Ubi vermis antiquis bobbitt) is far easier to remember.
According to a book called “The Ends of the World” that was written by an award-winning science journalist named Peter Brannen, dinosaurs may have beat humans to the moon – or at least their bones may have. An excerpt of Brannen’s book was recently shared on Twitter by a blogger named Matt Austin.
We all know that the dinosaur-killing asteroid that struck the Earth about 66 million years ago was incredibly massive, but was it powerful enough to send pieces of the dinosaurs into space? According to Brannen, the answer is yes.
He claimed that since the asteroid sent up large volumes of earth into space, it’s very possible that “bits of dinosaurs” were mixed in with it. And since the soil that was flung into space landed on the moon, it’s very plausible that the pieces of dinosaurs went with it, therefore, dinosaurs made it to the lunar surface millions of years before humans.
Did the asteroid impact send dinosaur remains onto the moon?
In his book, he described that when the asteroid impacted Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula, it was speeding towards Earth approximately 20 times faster than a speeding bullet. It read in part, “This is so fast that it would have traversed the distance from the cruising altitude of a 747 to the ground in 0.3 seconds.”
It went on to read, “As the asteroid collided with the earth, in the sky above it where there should have been air, the rock had punched a hole of outer space vacuum in the atmosphere.” “As the heavens rushed in to close this hole, enormous volumes of earth were expelled into orbit and beyond — all within a second or two of impact.” And when Brannen posed the question, “So there’s probably little bits of dinosaur bone on the moon,” geophysicist Mario Rebolledo from the Centro de Investigación answered with, “Yea, probably.”
Scientists did reveal what they believe happened during the impact. When the asteroid struck Earth, it left a gigantic crater (called the Chicxulub crater) and upon impact it sent massive amounts of carbon dioxide as well as sulfur into the atmosphere. At that point, the sun would have been blocked by a major dust cloud, probably causing an immediate “nuclear winter” as temperatures on Earth would have dropped dramatically in addition to acid rain falling to the ground.
Mark Richards who is an earth and space science professor at the University of Washington explained this further, “It would have felt like the ground beneath your feet had become a ship in the middle of the ocean.” “Then rocks would have bombarded you from a boiling sky that was beginning to take on a hazy glow. It would have seemed like the end of the world.”
While no dinosaur bones have been found on the moon as of yet, the next astronauts to travel to the lunar surface should definitely consider looking for the remains. Wouldn’t that make for the next great science movie?! The excerpt that Austin posted from Brannen’s book can be read here and on his Twitter page.
Real Reptilian Alien Shapeshifters!... The Subject No One Wants To Talk About
Real Reptilian Alien Shapeshifters!... The Subject No One Wants To Talk About
It is written that these entities came from the darkness and were formless. They hide amongst us and have now learned to appear as we do. These we call ‘shape-shifters’. Sounds like a horror novel doesn’t it? But the truth of the matter is, mysterious entities may in fact be interacting with humanity. Entities which are extraterrestrial, interdimensional or something else which seem to be closely associated with the UFO phenomena.
They have been described as reptilian in appearance and can change and modify their appearance. Could they really be living amongst humanity. Some believe not only are they here, but that they have been for a very long time.
This channel is managed by Zohar Entertainment Group UK, Zohar Entertainment Group International Inc, USA and AdRev, USA.
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Dr. Steven Greer: Remote Viewing, Higher State of Consciousness, and The Contact
Dr. Steven Greer: Remote Viewing, Higher State of Consciousness, and The Contact
Dr. Steven Greer on Remote Viewing, Higher State of Consciousness, and The Contact
The work that medical doctor, researcher and author Steven Greer continues to do through the organization CSETI has made some tremendous breakthroughs in establishing contact with an intelligent phenomena, often perceived as UFOs, Light Phenomena and strange looking entities.
Steven demonstrates that there is a conscious connection being established with this phenomena and on many occasions they are being caught on camera.
Nick Pope, RH Negative Blood, ET Abduction & UFO's, Next Level Disclosure via Leak Project
Nick Pope, RH Negative Blood, ET Abduction & UFO's, Next Level Disclosure via Leak Project
Nick Pope, RH Negative Blood, ET Abduction & UFO’s, Next Level Disclosure
The Rh blood group system is a human blood group system. It contains proteins on the surface of red blood cells. It is the second most important blood group system, after the ABO blood group system. The Rh blood group system consists of 49 defined blood group antigens, among which the five antigens D, C, c, E, and e are the most important. There is no d antigen.
Rh(D) status of an individual is normally described with a positive or negative suffix after the ABO type (e.g., someone who is A Positive has the A antigen and the Rh(D) antigen, whereas someone who is A Negative lacks the Rh(D) antigen). The terms Rh factor, Rh positive, and Rh negative refer to the Rh(D) antigen only. Antibodies to Rh antigens can be involved in hemolytic transfusion reactions and antibodies to the Rh(D) and Rh antigens confer significant risk of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. Wikipedia
Near Collision with UFO Recorded on Video by a Plane Passenger
Near Collision with UFO Recorded on Video by a Plane Passenger
A video taken from a plane depicts a passenger thinking a UFO may have been zooming past them. It further shows the pilot seems to dodge something in the air.
On January 17, Singapore Airlines was going to Zurich Airport in Switzerland. The unnamed passenger decided to record the plane’s landing in Zurich. At some point between 7:30 am, and 7:50 am, they were surprised when they captured what they believe was a near collision with a UFO while preparing their camera.
The clip shows lakes and fields of the distant landscape around Zurich before the plane starts to tilt to the right.
A tiny white object then suddenly zips past the aircraft, just below its flight path.
The pilot roared the plane’s engines as part of the safety protocol while passengers started to panic.
Fortunately, the pilot successfully avoided the UFO and later made a safe landing at the destination.
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Earlier this month, UFO expert Nick Pope said he believed new revelations that could have global significance would happen soon.
He explained how the U.S. government task force had shared some findings with its British counterparts.
Pope claims that the Ministry of Defence (MoD) is investigating UFO sightings despite its official statement that it has no interest in such things.
He said that the Senate Intelligence Committee demanded a report on the UFO phenomenon from the Director of National Intelligence, and the clock is now ticking. He stated that a response is due within 180 days of the Covid-19 relief bill’s enactment. Pope explained that this bill contained the Intelligence Authorization Act, where the UFO requirement was articulated.
Pope, a former MoD official, believes British officials have already looked at the U.S. research. He said that he’s aware that the UAP Task Force has shared some initial findings with the U.K. and other allies but not sure if the MoD has formally engaged with the U.S. on this or has just noted the conclusions.
Space station detectors found the source of weird ‘blue jet’ lightning
Space station detectors found the source of weird ‘blue jet’ lightning
A ‘blue bang’ sparks an unusual type of lightning in the upper atmosphere
The International Space Station spotted an exotic type of upside-down lightning called a blue jet (illustrated) zipping up from a thundercloud into the stratosphere in 2019.
Scientists have finally gotten a clear view of the spark that sets off an exotic type of lightning called a blue jet.
Blue jets zip upward from thunderclouds into the stratosphere, reaching altitudes up to about 50 kilometers in less than a second. Whereas ordinary lightning excites a medley of gases in the lower atmosphere to glow white, blue jets excite mostly stratospheric nitrogen to create their signature blue hue.
Blue jets have been observed from the ground and aircraft for years, but it’s hard to tell how they form without getting high above the clouds. Now, instruments on the International Space Station have spotted a blue jet emerge from an extremely brief, bright burst of electricity near the top of a thundercloud, researchers report online January 20 in Nature.
Understanding blue jets and other upper-atmosphere phenomena related to thunderstorms, such as sprites (SN: 6/14/02) and elves (SN: 12/23/95), is important because these events can affect how radio waves travel through the air — potentially impacting communication technologies, says Penn State space physicist Victor Pasko, who was not involved in the work.
Cameras and light-sensing instruments called photometers on the space station observed the blue jet in a storm over the Pacific Ocean, near the island of Nauru, in February 2019. “The whole thing starts with what I think of as a blue bang,” says Torsten Neubert, an atmospheric physicist at the Technical University of Denmark in Kongens Lyngby. That “blue bang” was a 10-microsecond flash of bright blue light near the top of the cloud, about 16 kilometers high. From that flashpoint, a blue jet shot up into the stratosphere, climbing as high as about 52 kilometers over several hundred milliseconds.
The spark that generated the blue jet may have been a special kind of short-range electric discharge inside the thundercloud, Neubert says. Normal lightning bolts are formed by discharges between oppositely charged regions of a cloud — or a cloud and the ground — many kilometers apart. But turbulent mixing high in a cloud may bring oppositely charged regions within about a kilometer of each other, creating very short but powerful bursts of electric current, Neubert says. Researchers have seen evidence of such high-energy, short-range discharges in pulses of radio waves from thunderstorms detected by ground-based antennas.
Scientists on the International Space Station spotted a bright-blue lightning bolt shooting upward from thunderclouds.
Blue jets can be difficult to spot from the ground, since the electrical discharges erupt from the tops of thunderclouds. But from space, scientists can peer down at this cerulean lightshow from above. On Feb. 26, 2019, instruments aboard the space station captured a blue jet shooting out of a thunderstorm cell near Nauru, a small island in the central Pacific Ocean. The scientists described the event in a new report, published Jan. 20 in the journal Nature.
The scientists first saw five intense flashes of blue light, each lasting about 10 to 20 milliseconds. The blue jet then fanned out from the cloud in a narrow cone shape that stretched into the stratosphere, the atmospheric layer that extends from about 6 to 31 miles (10 to 50 kilometers) above the Earth's surface.
Blue jets seem to appear when the positively-charged upper region of a cloud interacts with the negatively charged boundary between the cloud and the air above, according to the report. The blue jet appears as a result of this "electric breakdown," where the opposing charges swap places in the cloud and briefly equalize, releasing static electricity. However, the properties of blue jets and the altitude to which they extend above clouds "are not well characterized," the authors noted, so this study adds to our understanding of the dramatic phenomenon.
Four of the flashes preceding the blue jet came with a small pulse of ultraviolet light (UV), the scientists noted. They identified these emissions as so-called "elves," another phenomenon seen in the upper atmosphere.
"Elves" — an acronym that stands for Emissions of Light and Very Low Frequency Perturbations due to Electromagnetic Pulse Sources — are light emissions that appear as rapidly expanding rings in the ionosphere, a layer of charged particles that extends from roughly 35 miles to 620 miles (60 to 1,000 km) above the planet surface. Elves occur when radio waves push electrons through the ionosphere, causing them to accelerate and collide with other charged particles, releasing energy as light, the authors wrote.
The team observed the flashes, elves and blue jet using the European Space Agency's Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM), a collection of optical cameras, photometers, X-ray detectors and gamma-ray detectors attached to a module on the space station.
"This paper is an impressive highlight of the many new phenomena ASIM is observing above thunderstorms," Astrid Orr, physical sciences coordinator for human and robotic spaceflight with the European Space Agency (ESA), said in a statement. Experts also suspect that upper atmosphere phenomena, like blue jets, may affect the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, since the ozone layer sits within the stratosphere where they occur, according to the ESA statement.
Trees Spotted on Mars Reveal Massive NASA Cover-Up
Trees Spotted on Mars Reveal Massive NASA Cover-Up
A wild theory has recently resurfaced, claiming that a high resolution photo made available by NASA shows patches of trees growing over the Martian terrain.
The intriguing picture has been publicly available for some time now, and it has been subject of debate ever since it was published on the University of Arizona site. Ever since it began circulating the internet in 2010, scientists have proposed different theories as to what the mysterious formations present in the picture could be. The official explanation however, is not sufficient enough to please the UFO community that, after thoroughly analyzing the presented material, reached a contrary conclusion to the scientific community. So what’s so unusual about the NASA picture you might ask?
Let’s start with what the UFO community has to say about this. The highlighted picture shows bizarre areas over the arid dunes of Mars. When zooming in on the anomalies their features become clearer, revealing a strong resemblance to the trees found on Earth. There are also silver areas around them, which analysts consider to be remains of frozen water embedded on the surface. If proven to be true, this fact should explain how the alleged trees get to grow on the surface of the planet.
Opinions are now split between the two communities, as science refers to the anomalous dark lines as dark streaks of material running down the side of the sand dunes due to carbon dioxide frost evaporation. NASA also admits to altering the picture so that the dark streaks appear more prominent. But can the scientific community be trusted with this explanation?
According to various analysts, the strong resemblance between the dark patches and trees is a clear indicator of life still evolving on the Martian terrain. They now believe that NASA is once again covering this up for unclear reasons. Their claims are fueled by a recent event in which the renowned space agency announced the presence of liquid water on Mars after at least a decade after its discovery. The multitude of bizarre artefacts spotted on the Red Planet is another reason why some people consider the trust in official explanations to be an unhealthy practice.
To furtherly dismiss the ‘tree speculation’ as pure nonsense, skeptics have wondered about all the dead leafs that are seemingly missing from the picture, but at the same time they have provided an answer to their question. Understanding that Mars used to have the right conditions for life to develop in the distant past is the first step, and presuming that this habitable past hadn’t been as far as they want us to believe may provide the next answer.
In other words, the alleged trees may lack the leafs on both the branches and on the ground because they are already dead, with the wind scattering any visible leaf traces across the vast Martian dunes, blending them with the sand. If this proves to be correct, then life on Mars may had ended sooner rather than later, and there is countless evidence to support this hypothesis.
YouTube user ‘Thor’ has brought more evidence supporting the Martian trees hypothesis. He asserted that “there are almost identical geographic formations in the tundra of Siberia. Now there is unequivocal proof that high salinity, liquid water does exist on Mars it’s guaranteed that the geological and meteorological processes that cause these formations on Earth are replicated on the surface of Mars too.”
There is ample evidence to support both community claims, leaving room for plenty of speculation. It remains up to the open-minded people to filter the information and eventually reach their own conclusions.
RELATED PHOTOS AND VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011
A cross-section of underground ice is exposed at the steep slope that appears bright blue in this enhanced-color view from the HiRISE camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The scene is about 550 yards wide. The scarp drops about 140 yards from the level ground in the upper third of the image.
Massive, AI-Powered Robots Are 3D-Printing Entire Rockets
Massive, AI-Powered Robots Are 3D-Printing Entire Rockets
Relativity Space may have the biggest metal 3D printers in the world, and they're cranking out parts to reinvent the rocket industry here—and on Mars.
To make a 3D-printable rocket, Relativity Space simplified the design of many components, including the engine.PHOTOGRAPH: RELATIVITY
FOR A FACTORY where robots toil around the clock to build a rocket with almost no human labor, the sound of grunts echoing across the parking lot make for a jarring contrast.
“That’s Keanu Reeves’ stunt gym,” says Tim Ellis, the chief executive and cofounder of Relativity Space, a startup that wants to combine 3D printing and artificial intelligence to do for the rocket what Henry Ford did for the automobile. As we walk among the robots occupying Relativity’s factory, he points out the just-completed upper stage of the company’s rocket, which will soon be shipped to Mississippi for its first tests. Across the way, he says, gesturing to the outside world, is a recording studio run by Snoop Dogg.
Neither of those A-listers have paid a visit to Relativity’s rocket factory, but the presence of these unlikely neighbors seems to underscore the company’s main talking point: It can make rockets anywhere. In an ideal cosmos, though, its neighbors will be even more alien than Snoop Dogg. Relativity wants to not just build rockets, but to build them on Mars. How exactly? The answer, says Ellis, is robots—lots of them.
Roll up the loading bay doors at Relativity’s Los Angeles headquarters and you’ll find four of the largest metal 3D printers in the world, churning out rocket parts day and night. The latest model of the company’s proprietary printer, dubbed Stargate, stands 30 feet tall and has two massive robotic arms that protrude like tentacles from the machine. The Stargate printers will manufacture about 95 percent, by mass, of Relativity’s first rocket, named Terran-1. The only parts that won’t be printed are the electronics, cables, and a handful of moving parts and rubber gaskets.
Jordan Noone, Relativity's CTO and cofounder, stands beside the second version of the Stargate 3D printer at the company's headquarters.
PHOTOGRAPH: RELATIVITY
To make a rocket 3D-printable, Ellis’s team had to totally rethink the way rockets are designed. As a result, Terran-1 will have 100 times fewer parts than a comparable rocket. Its Aeon engine, for instance, consists of just 100 parts, whereas a typical liquid-fueled rocket would have thousands. By consolidating parts and optimizing them for 3D printing, Ellis says Relativity will be able to go from raw materials to the launch pad in just 60 days—in theory, anyway. Relativity hasn’t yet assembled a full Terran-1 and doesn’t expect the rocket to fly until 2021 at the earliest.
“A full-scale test will be the biggest milestone for them to prove this new technology,” says Shagun Sachdeva, a senior analyst at Northern Sky Research, a space consultancy. Then the company can start to address the other questions about its approach, such as whether there’s a need for a new rocket to pop into existence every 60 days.
Relativity thinks it will find its niche. Fully assembled, Terran-1 will stand about 100 feet tall, and be capable of delivering satellites weighing up to 2,800 pounds to low Earth orbit. That puts it above small satellite launchers likeRocket Lab’s Electronbut well under the payload capacity of massive rockets likeSpaceX’s Falcon 9. Ellis says it will be particularly well-suited to carrying medium-sized satellites.
Relativity isn’t the only rocket company using 3D printing—SpaceX, Blue Origin, Rocket Lab, and others also use it to print select parts. But Ellis thinks the space industry needs to think bigger. In the long term, Ellis sees 3D-printed rockets as the key to transporting critical infrastructure to and from the surface of Mars. These rockets could, for example, be used to loft science experiments into orbit around Mars or return samples to Earth.
Ellis, 29, and his cofounder, 26-year-old Jordan Noone, have been building rockets since college, where they worked on the University of Southern California’s prestigious rocketry team before taking jobs at Blue Origin and SpaceX. At Blue Origin, Ellis helped set up the company’s additive manufacturing program. While there, he began to envision a robotic rocket factory that barely needs a human’s hand.
First, though, he needed to get some giant 3D printers. At the heart of Relativity’s robotic rocket factory is Stargate, which Ellis claims is the largest metal 3D printer in the world. The first version of Stargate is about 15 feet tall and consists of three robotic arms. The arms are used to weld metal, monitor the printer’s progress, and correct for defects.
To print a large component, such as a fuel tank or rocket body, the printer feeds miles of a thin, custom-made aluminum alloy wire along the length of an arm to its tip, where a plasma arc melts the metal. The arm then deposits the molten metal in thin layers, orchestrating its movements according to patterns programmed in the machine’s software. Meanwhile, the printer head at the tip of the arm blows out a non-oxidizing gas to create a sort of “clean room” at the deposition site.
Every new iteration of the Stargate printer has been significantly bigger than the last, allowing it to churn out very large rocket parts in one piece.
VIDEO: RELATIVITY
Relativity now has a new version of Stargate that can, in a single go, print even bigger components, like the rocket’s fairing or fuel chambers. It stands twice as tall and has only two arms, which can each perform more tasks than their predecessors. Ellis said its next Stargate will double in size yet again, which will eventually allow the company to produce larger rockets.
The Stargate printers work well when you need to print large parts quickly, but for parts that require more precision, such as the rocket’s engine, Relativity uses the same commercially available metal 3D printers that other aerospace companies use. These printers use a different printing technique, in which a laser welds together layers of ultra-fine stainless steel dust.
Ellis says the real secret to Relativity’s rockets is the artificial intelligence that tells the printer what to do. Before a print, Relativity runs a simulation of what the print should look like. As the arms deposit metal, a suite of sensors captures visual, environmental, and even audio data. Relativity’s software then compares the two to improve the printing process. “The defect rate has gone down significantly because we’ve been able to train the printer,” Ellis says.
With every new part, the machine learning algorithm gets better, until it will eventually be able to correct 3D prints on its own. In the future, the 3D printer will recognize its own mistakes, cutting and adding metal until it produces a flawless part. Ellis sees this as the key to taking automated manufacturing to other worlds.
Stargate in Septermber 2018.
“To print stuff on Mars you need a system that can adapt to very uncertain conditions,” Ellis says. “So we're building an algorithm framework that we think will actually be transferable to printing on other planets.”
Not everyone is convinced that Relativity’s approach to rocket manufacturing is the way forward, at least for Earthly concerns. Max Haot, the CEO of Launcher Space, a startup that also uses 3D printing, says “everyone is leveraging 3D printing as fast as they can” in the aerospace industry, in particular for engine components. “The question is whether 3D printing aluminum tanks is worth it when compared to the traditional tank manufacturing methods,” Haot says. “We don't think so, but let's see where they take it.”
Relativity has already inked deals worth several hundred million dollars with several major satellite operators, including Telesat LEO and Momentus. But Arjun Sethi, a partner at Tribe Capital, which invested in Relativity, sees more than launch services in its future. He compared it to Amazon Web Services in the way it could provide critical infrastructure to smaller space companies.
Sachdeva, of Northern Sky Research, thinks Relativity’s expertise in aerospace 3D printing could have lasting value beyond its rockets. “Even if we don't get to the point of full rocket manufacturing on Mars, Relativity may be able to manufacture other components in orbit,” Sachdeva says. “That’s a pretty big development for the industry as a whole.”
The company is testing its components as it builds its way up to a full rocket.
VIDEO: RELATIVITY
Still, rockets are its first goal. So far it’s been testing its 3D-printed engine, pressure tanks, and turbopumps. But there’s plenty more to do.
Once they have a complete rocket, Ellis and his team will be ready to ship it to Launch Complex-16 at Kennedy Space Center, in Florida, where Relativity holds a long-term launchpad lease, alongside SpaceX, Blue Origin, and the United Launch Alliance. The first flight of an entirely 3D printed rocket will be a major moment in space exploration, but for Relativity it will be just the start of its long journey to Mars.
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Dr. Hynek's Record of UFO Encounters
Dr. Hynek's Record of UFO Encounters
There's a strange relationship between fact and fiction in the UFO business. J. Allen Hynek consulted for the film Close Encounters of the Third Kind, had a cameo role, and he also wrote the epilogue for the novelization. The publisher, Dell, also issued the non-fiction The Hynek UFO Report, which is regarded as a classic. Without Hynek, there might not have been a CE3K, and if not for the film, the Hynek book might not exist. Or some other commercial products.
Panama City News, March 28, 1966
Dr. Hynek began working for a consultant for the Air Force in 1948, providing them with explanations for UFO sightings based on his knowledge of astronomy, but did so in relative obscurity. At the Detroit Press Club, on March 26, 1966 Hynek was propelled into the public spotlight, initially unfavorably, due to his remarks about “swamp gas.” Nevertheless, he became the top authority on the UFO topic, and in demand, and in a heel/face turn, he went from being the Air Force’s senior debunker to bring the most famous UFO advocate. Jacques Vallee, from Forbidden Science Vol. I, his entry for 11 April 1967:
"I miss the days when he was not such a celebrity... The topic has become fashionable entertainment, not serious science. Media men hire Allen as they would hire a guitar player. He rushes wherever he sees a spotlight, and if the spotlight moves he moves with it."
Jacques Vallee described Hynek’s gig as a consultant for Stephen Spielberg’s UFO movie in Forbidden Science Vol. II, in his entry for Friday 27 August 1976:
“Allen called me last night, cheerful... Dell is sending two writers to help him with a hurriedly-compiled paperback about Project Blue Book. As for the Spielberg movie, he will indeed have a silent role in it, making his way to the front of a crowd of technical people who surround the first landed saucer. I'd love to see the out-takes: They shot a sequence where Aliens surrounded him, pulled on his beard, took his pipe and poked it into their nose.”
Hynek took an active role in helping promote the film and appeared in the theatrical trailer for it.
The book he and the ghost writers cranked out was The Hynek UFO Report, which hit the marketin late 1977 to cash in on Close Encounters of the Third Kind, and his epilogue for the movie novelization closed with a plug for his Center for UFO Studies (CUFOS) and their magazine, International UFO Reporter.
UFO Encounters: The Record Album
J. Allen Hynek and his Center for UFOs Studies were partners in the production of a double LP audio documentary, Factual Eyewitness Testimony of: UFO Encounters. A news story in The Chicago Tribune, Jan. 14, 1979, told how the project began when Investigative Research Associates approached Hynek at a UFO convention in 1977. Hynek was initially reluctant, fearing it would be “schlocky,” but IRA convinced him of their sincerity, so together they set out to cover the most significant cases and record first-hand testimony about them.
The Chicago Tribune, Jan. 14, 1979
Factual Eyewitness Testimony of: UFO Encounters was a two-disc LP, also released on cassette and 8-track tape. It was released in 1978 on the IRA label.
It was reviewed in UFO publications such as the A.P.R.O. Bulletin, but the most comprehensive review was in the MUFON UFO Journal, Feb. 1980,“In Others' Words” by Lucius Farish:
“A new 2-album record set, "UFO Encounters," presents an interesting selection of testimonies and opinions by UFO witnesses and researchers. Contributors to the album include Kenneth Arnold, Colonel Robert Friend (former Project Blue Book Director), Bill Pecha, Ted Phillips, Travis Walton, Father William Gill, Herbert Schirmer, former Air Force Major Paul A. Duich, Louise Smith, Leonard Stringfield, Dr. R. Leo Sprinkle, Betty Hill, Marjorie Fish, Stanton Friedman, former astronaut Gordon Cooper, Jacques Vallee, David Saunders, and others. An additional bonus is President Carter's personal recounting of his 1969 UFO sighting. A special section inside the album cover contains 6 pages of UFO photographs, plus photos of most of the persons heard in the records. Some of the material relating to "crashed saucer" stories seem questionable, but all in all, this is a good selection of recorded UFO material. Available from: Investigative Research Associates, Inc., Suite W, 430 West Diversey Parkway, Chicago, Illinois 60614; the price is $8.95.”
Crashed Saucer Investigation
The red banner across the cover of the album touted “Crashed Saucer Investigation,” and the interior, a described the track:
“Since the 1940s, rumors have circulated indicating the possibility that extraterrestrial spacecraft have crashed on Earth and have been recovered by the American military. Investigative Research Associates decided to pursue these reports…”
The segment is interesting in that it documents the marketability of crashed UFO stories even before the revival of the Roswell incident. I had begun when Robert Spencer Carr rekindled interest in a discredited aspect of ufology in 1974 by reviving the story of little men found in a saucer in Aztec, New Mexico. Leonard Stringfield was the chief crashed UFO researcher, but for the album, even Dr. Hynek got in on the act.
The “Crashed Saucer Investigation” was the next to last track on the album. It opened with former astronaut Col. Gordon Cooper vaguely discussing second-hand rumors he’d heard about saucer crashes:
“There were some accident involving a UFO, and from there it varies greatly. There were occupants and in each of the rumors that I've heard, but from there on, it varies greatly as to whether they were all alive, or some alive, or what the extent of damage was to them, and then as to what happened to them is quite variable. The particular rumors aren't necessarily from people who've been involved, but they come from so many different sources, that it would lead you to believe that it certainly is worth investigating a little further.”
Dr. Hynek shared his view:
“Over the years, these rumors have persisted. Hardly a week goes by without my being asked about the ‘crashed saucer’ stories. My response to these rumors has always been complete skepticism. Recently however, some of my colleagues, Investigative Research Associates, have probed into these stories and some intriguing information has surfaced. I believe it is quite worthwhile to let listeners to this record have the benefit of some preliminary findings.”
Next, Herbert Coyer told about a story he heard from an aide to an Army general about a 1951 saucer crash at White Sands where alien bodies were recovered and an autopsy was performed. Both Willingham and Coyer’s stories featured metal from the UFO that was incredibly tough and could not be burned or cut, a detail we’d see hear again when the Roswell crash was resurrected.
The Final Track: Summaries and Theories
The final segment was “Summaries and Theories,” which featured comments from Stanton Friedman, Dr. J. Allen Hynek, Dr. Jacques Vallee, and Dr. David Saunders. Hynek suggested that UFOs might be from another dimension or a parallel reality rather than being something from another faraway planet. He was the researcher given the last word on the album and drifted a bit into mystic concepts:
“The idea of other intelligences in space is not so radical or new. It's in both the ancient Eastern religions and the more modern faiths. The prophets in the Bible and many philosophers have been telling us for centuries that there are other planes of existence. So why do we find it so difficult to acknowledge that there might be other highly developed life forms or forms of consciousness that might surpass our own? In fact, it is now widely accepted that the universe may well be teeming with life.”
Factual Eyewitness Testimony of: UFO Encounters is worth a listen, for the chance to hear rare recordings with witness and researchers, and for a look at the state of serious ufology at the time it was recorded. The full album is available via YouTube.
UFOs and science fiction have a complicated history together, and there’s no doubt there has been a mutual exploitative relationship. That’s show business, and it makes for some strange bedfellows.
Dr. Hynek with characters from Star Wars, and with Leonard Nimoy of Star Trek fame.
Track Listing and Credits
Below are the track titles and lengths to Factual Eyewitness Testimony of: UFO Encounters, followed by the album’s credits.
Introduction 4:24
Foo Fighters 2:08
Kenneth Arnold Sighting 3:40
Government Involvement 2:04
Simi Valley Sighting (CE-I) 5:08
Pecha Case (CE-I) 5:44
James Richard Case (CE-II) 6:59
Travis Walton Abduction (CE-III) 15:44
Father William Gill Sighting (CE-III) 4:51
Officer Herbert Schirmer Abduction (CE-III) 8:29
Louise Smith / Kentucky Women Abduction (CE-III) 7:20
Charles R McQuiston PSE Evaluation Summary 1:14
Betty and Barney Hill Abduction (CE-III) 7:42
Crashed Saucer Investigation 10:09
Summaries and Theories 4:46
Credits, as listed on the back cover:
Produced by: Investigative Research Associates, Inc., Chicago, Illinois. Producer: Steve Cronen. Exec. Prod.: Ben Christ.Scientific Consultants: Center for UFO Studies, Evanston Illinois, Dr. J. Allen Hynek, ShermanJ. Larsen.Investigation, Research, Writing: Peter Bordwell, Steve [Thom].Narration: Walt Peters.Music: DeWolfe Music, Inc. Music Coordination: Walt Peters. Musical Effects: Ron Figura.Recorded at: Starbeat Recording Studios, Deerfield, Illinois. Engineering, Editing & Mix: Steve Cronen.Album Design: Steve Schaul.Album Cover Trifid Nebula Photo: Copyright by the California Institute of Technology and the Carnegie Institute of Washington. Reproduced by permission from the Hale Observatories UFO Photos & Documents: Center For UFO Studies.
. . .
Close Encounters: The Slide Show
Dr. Hynek had been involved in some other commercial enterprises before the Spielberg movie. In 1976 he had produced a set of UFO slides and audiotapes for Edmund Scientific, but with release of CE3K, it was a hotter item.
It was advertised in Popular Scienceand was featured in an article in the April 1978 debut issue of Future magazine (the companion to Starlog). Below is a YouTube video of the Hynek audio, sadly without the accompanying slides shown.
Pourquoi Cérès est le meilleur endroit pour installer une colonie humaine ?
Pourquoi Cérès est le meilleur endroit pour installer une colonie humaine ?
Nathalie Mayer -Journaliste
[EN VIDÉO] Un survol détaillé et en couleurs de la surface de CérèsCérès est le plus gros objet de la ceinture d’astéroïdes. Depuis décembre, cette planète naine est survolée par Dawn, un satellite de la Nasa. L’orbiteur a pu réunir de nombreuses images à couper le souffle qui sont présentées ici en vidéo.
À la recherche d'une nouvelle Terre ? D'une planète B ? Oubliez la Lune et laissez Mars derrière vous. Mais pas trop, tout de même. Un physicien vous propose de partir vous installer sur une méga station spatiale en orbite autour de Cérès, la planète naine la plus proche de la Terre.
Imaginez une gigantesque structure composée de milliers d'engins cylindriques, tous reliés à un cadre en forme de disque par des attaches magnétiques. Le tout éclairé, alimenté -- et protégé des météoroïdes submétriques -- par des miroirs géants ajustables permettant d'exploiter l'énergie du Soleil. Et en orbite autour de Cérès, cette planète naine située dans la ceinture d'astéroïdes, entre Mars et Jupiter, à quelques centaines de millions de kilomètres de nous seulement. Ça y est ? Vous y êtes ? Parfait. Car à en croire Pekka Janhunen, physicien à l'Institut météorologique finlandais, c'est à ça que pourrait ressembler... notre planète B !
Cérès est une planète naine située dans la ceinture d’astéroïde, entre Mars et Jupiter. Selon Pekka Janhunen, physicien à l’Institut météorologique finlandais, elle pourrait accueillir une colonie humaine.
Dans chacun des cylindres, une atmosphère artificielle et une gravité semblable à celle de la Terre grâce à la force centrifuge générée par sa propre rotation. Et surtout, tout l'espace nécessaire à quelque 50.000 humains. Ainsi que la possibilité de rejoindre les cylindres voisins grâce à des trains à sustentation magnétique. Mais attention au mal de l'espace. De telles liaisons se feront en apesanteur.
Sur ce photomontage, les tailles respectives de la Terre, de la Lune et de Cérès, en bas à gauche.
Pour les matériaux de construction attendez-vous à une livraison directe et économique depuis Cérès. Par un ascenseur spatial long - rendu faisable par la faible gravité et la vitesse de rotation rapide de la planète naine - d'un peu plus de 1.000 kilomètres de diamètre lui aussi alimenté par des panneaux solaires. Déposés à la surface de la planète naine, cette fois.
Dans les années 1970, un physicien de Princeton (États-Unis) a imaginé le même type d’habitat spatial que Pekka Janhunen. On appelle depuis ces habitats, des cylindres O’Neill.
Avec ses plans, Pekka Janhunen parvient à résoudre -- sur le papier au moins -- un certain nombre de difficultés qui se sont posées par le passé à ceux qui ont imaginé une colonie humaine dans le Système solaire. Les problèmes d'adaptation à de faibles gravités -- sur Mars ou sur la Lune -- ainsi que les problèmes de liaisons ou, à l'inverse, de collisions entre des colonies en orbite autour d'un même corps céleste -- comme le Soleil.
Le saviez-vous ?
Cérès, avec son diamètre de quelque 950 kilomètres, est à la fois l’astéroïde le plus gros du Système solaire et la seule planète naine plus proche de notre Soleil que Neptune.
Lorsqu’il est question de colonisation, Cérès peut apparaître comme une cible intéressante, « une alternative plausible », car l’objet est connu pour être riche en azote — comme l’atmosphère de notre Terre — et possiblement en eau.
Le physicien nous promet des colonies urbaines et d'autres plus rurales. Avec des sols allant jusqu'à quatre mètres de profondeur. De quoi faire pousser des plantes et même des arbres. Le tout sans craindre d'événement météorologique extrême ou autre catastrophe naturelle. Le paradis... ailleurs que sur Terre ?
Voici à quoi pourrait ressembler une colonie humaine en orbite autour de Cérès.
C'est sans compter le fait que ni la gravité artificielle, ni les ascenseurs spatiaux, ni les miroirs géants, ni même les blindages contre les radiations cosmiques n'ont encore pu être mis au point. Et ne parlons même pas de la logistique nécessaire à transporter l'humanité au-delà de Mars. Mais, Pekka Janhunen promet qu'une fois toutes ces questions résolues, il ne faudra pas plus d'une vingtaine d'années pour construire la méga station spatiale de ses rêves autour de Cérès.
VIDÉOS LIÉES, sélectionnées et publiées par peter2011
This artist's concept depicts Kepler-62f, a different super-Earth-size planet in the habitable zone of a star smaller and cooler than the sun, located about 1,200 light-years from Earth in the constellation Lyra.
NASA Ames/JPL-Caltech
Toward the center of our galaxy, in a star system far away, is a planet with features that remind us of home.
Astronomers at New Zealand's University of Canterbury (UC) discovered a particularly rare super-Earth. "The new planet is among only a handful of extra-solar planets that have been detected with both sizes and orbits close to that of Earth," said UC in a release on Monday.
"Extra-solar planet" is another term for exoplanet, which describes a planet located outside our solar system. We only have artists' impressions of what these planets might look like, but they continue to fuel our curiosity as we seek out distant worlds that feel familiar.
The newly spotted exoplanet's year lasts about 617 days and it travels around a much less massive star than the sun. It's located near the Milky Way's central bulge of stars. For scale, Earth is about 25,000 light-years away from the galactic center.
The super-Earth discovery was a fortuitous event that UC described as "one in a million."
The astronomers used a gravitational microlensing technique to spot the planet. "The combined gravity of the planet and its host star caused the light from a more distant background star to be magnified in a particular way. We used telescopes distributed around the world to measure the light-bending effect," said UC astronomer Antonio Herrera Martin.
There's a lot of hope wrapped up in a term like "super-Earth," but there are no guarantees a planet in this category will look anything like our own. NASA describes super-Earths as "up to 10 times more massive than Earth," but says they may vary in composition from water worlds to icy planets to ones made mainly of gas.
A Pakistani pilot flying near the city of Karachi was left scratching his head on Friday when he spotted a UFO flying near his plane. The intriguing encounter reportedly occurred during what had been an otherwise run-of-the-mill flight to the city of Sukkur. Shortly after taking off, however, the pilot noticed something odd sharing the sky with him and contacted air traffic controllers about the sighting.
According to the witness, the object was dark brown or black and seemed to be located around 150 feet above his aircraft. Perhaps the most fantastic aspect of the case is that he told ATC operators that the oddity "looked like a spaceship." Clearly committed to his craft rather than chasing UFOs, the pilot promptly adjusted his flight path after reporting the sighting and then departed the scene without even taking a picture of the strange object.
As to what it may have been, officials with the civil aviation authority in Pakistan theorized that the pilot simply spotted a drone in the sky and turned the case over the local police to investigate the situation. The possibility that the UFO was a weather balloon has also been raised by some observers, but that answer was dismissed by a meteorologist who argued that the witness would have known the nature of the object due to his training. Strangely enough, the incident comes on the heels of another weird aerial event in Pakistan in which pilots flying in that same general area reported seeing inexplicable laser beams in the sky.
Ovnis : tous les documents déclassifiés de la CIA sont là
Ovnis : tous les documents déclassifiés de la CIA sont là
Nathalie Mayer - Journaliste
EN VIDÉO] Quel est cet ovni filmé depuis l'ISS ?Régulièrement, les caméras de la Station spatiale internationale (ISS) filment des objets volants non identifiés, alias ovnis. Satellites, débris ou étages de lanceurs, quand ce ne sont pas de simples reflets dans les vitres : ces images font le bonheur des ufologues. Ici, on voit un objet allant dans le même sens que l’ISS, un peu plus bas et (logiquement) un peu plus rapide. Rêvons un peu.
En 2020, le nombre de signalements d'Ovnis a littéralement explosé dans plusieurs parties du monde. Le thème est à l'affiche d'une nouvelle série dont la diffusion vient d'être lancée sur Canal+. Le moment idéal pour le site The Black Vault de diffuser enfin plus de 2.700 documents déclassifiés par la CIA.
Les extraterrestres sont-ils (déjà) parmi nous ? Certains se posent la question. Et peut-être trouveront-ils des réponses dans les documents déclassifiés par la CIA et désormais librement disponibles au téléchargement. Grâce à l'acharnement, à la patience et au travail de John Greenewald Jr., l'ufologue qui alimente le site The Black Vault, ce sont donc plus de 2.700 nouvelles pages qui deviennent consultables. Et qui s'ajoutent aux plus de 2,2 millions de documents déjà regroupés sur le site.
Ces pages relatent des dizaines d'incidents. Un mystérieux « quelque chose » concernant un ovni -- pour objet volant non identifié -- remis en main propre au sous-directeur adjoint de la science et des technologies à la CIA dans les années 1970. Un réfugié bosniaque qui raconte une rencontre du troisième type. Ou encore de mystérieuses explosions en pleine nuit dans une petite ville russe. Tout y est. C'est du moins ce que prétend la CIA.
Encore des révélations à venir ?
John Greenewald Jr. promet par ailleurs de poursuivre son travail en demandant que soient éclaircies les trop nombreuses parties noircies qui demeurent sur beaucoup de ces documents. D'autant que l'intérêt pour la question semble récemment relancé. Après la déclassification récente de vidéos datant de 2004 et de 2015 (voir plus bas). Mais aussi après une recrudescence des observations rapportées aux États-Unis.
Le tout à quelques semaines d'une nouvelle obligation faite aux responsables du département américain de la Défense et aux agences de renseignement. Le Congrès leur a en effet demandé, fin décembre 2020, de lui soumettre un rapport sur tout ce qu'ils savent concernant les phénomènes aérospatiaux non identifiés (PAN), parmi lesquels, ceux que nous appelons les Ovnis.
POUR EN SAVOIR PLUS
Le Pentagone rend public huit rapports de rencontres avec des « phénomènes aériens inexpliqués »
Dans le cadre de la loi américaine sur la liberté de l'information, l'U.S. Navy a été contrainte de rendre publics huit rapports d'incidents entre ses pilotes et des phénomènes aériens non identifiés. Pas de soucoupe volante, mais pour l'un des espaces aériens les mieux surveillés au monde, l'existence de ces phénomènes récurrents aériens non identifiés est un sujet de préoccupation majeure.
Aux États-Unis, la loi sur la liberté de l'information, datant de 1966, oblige les agences fédérales et les forces armées à déclassifier et à transmettre leurs documents à tout citoyen américain qui en fait la demande. Cette liberté est toutefois restreinte par différents critères, dont la mise en danger de la sécurité nationale, pour empêcher la publication de ces documents. Dans les faits, obtenir des documents sensibles, demande beaucoup de patience tant la demande s'apparente à un parcours de longue haleine et une course d'obstacles.
Mais, à force de persévérance, des citoyens américains ont contraint le département de la Défense à rendre public de nombreux dossiers, dont des photos et des vidéos qui traitent des phénomènes aériens non identifiés et plus communément appelés Ovni. Il ne s'agit évidemment pas nécessairement d'extraterrestres dans ces documents en question.
Seulement quelques jours après que le Pentagone a déclassifié trois vidéos de l'U.S. Navy, cette dernière a rendu publics huit rapports de rencontre de ses pilotes avec des phénomènes aériens non identifiés en plein vol, sur la côte est des États-Unis.
Un des huit rapports de rencontre, rendu public en mai 2020, entre un pilote de l'U.S. Navy avec un phénomène aérien non identifié.
Sept d'entre eux impliquent des Super Hornets F / A-18E / F et se sont produits à différents moments entre 2013 et 2014 au large des côtes de la Virginie et de la Caroline du Nord. Le huitième incident a eu lieu en 2019 et impliquait un avion de guerre électronique Boeing EA-18G Growler volant au large de la côte du Maryland.
Sans surprise, aucun de ses huit rapports, disponibles sur de nombreux sites Internet, ne met en évidence l'existence de soucoupes volantes ou d'une quelconque technologie extraterrestre. Cela dit, l'existence encore aujourd'hui de phénomènes aériens inexpliqués est tout de même un sujet d'inquiétude au sein du gouvernement américain et une préoccupation de sécurité nationale beaucoup plus grande qu'il n'y paraît à première vue pour l'U.S. Air Force, en charge de la défense aérienne des États-Unis.
Ovni : le Pentagone rend publiques trois vidéos de « phénomènes aériens non identifiés »
Article de Rémy Decourt publié le 30/04/2020
Le Pentagone a déclassifié trois vidéos de l'U.S. Navy, déjà rendues publiques, montrant ce qui semble être des objets volants non identifiés. Une initiative qui ne correspond à aucune logique, si ce n'est de rappeler à tout un chacun l'existence de phénomènes aériens toujours inexplicables !
Le Pentagone a diffusé le 27 avril trois vidéos de l'U.S. Navy qui avaient été rendues publiques en septembre 2019 par l'organisation TTSA (To The Stars Academy) de recherche sur les Ovni de Tom DeLonge, ancien chanteur de Blink-182. Ces vidéos, toutes acquises par des pilotes de l'U.S Navy en vol, les montraient confrontés à des objets volants non identifiés, à plusieurs reprises, réalisant des manœuvres incompatibles avec les performances de tous les engins volants connus (accélérations, arrêts brutaux, virages instantanés).
À l'époque, l'U.S Navy avait été contrainte par une loi américaine sur la liberté d'information de s'expliquer sur ces vidéos. Le 10 septembre 2019, son porte-parole, Joseph Gradisher, a admis que le « phénomène montré dans ces vidéos n'est pas identifié » et reconnu qu'il s'agit « d'objetsinconnus violant l'espace aérien américain ». Mais, plutôt que de parler d'objets volants non identifiés (Ovni), la marine américaine a préféré utiliser les termes moins polémiques de « phénomènes aériens non identifiés ».
Les phénomènes aériens observés dans les vidéos restent caractérisés comme « non identifiés ».
Des phénomènes aériens bien réels mais inexplicables
Aujourd'hui, le Pentagone justifie son initiative de « transparence » pour couper court à «toutes les idées fausses qui circulent sur les Ovni » explique la porte-parole du Pentagone Sue Gough. Comme l'U.S Navy, après enquête le Pentagone a reconnu que les phénomènes aériens vus sur ces images étaient classés comme non identifiés. On se demande bien comment il aurait été possible de les expliquer différemment sans admettre l'existence d'une technologie supérieure aux capacités militaires américaines !
«Après une analyse minutieuse, nous avons estimé que le partage autorisé de ces vidéos ne révèle aucun système ou aucune capacité sensibles et n'a pas d'effet sur d'éventuelles investigations à venir au sujet d'incursions de phénomènes aériens non identifiés dans l'espace aérien militaire », conclut Sue Gough.
Ovni : l’U.S. Navy dévoile des vidéos de « phénomènes aériens non identifiés »
Article de Rémy Decourt publié le 21/09/2019
Alors que plus de 2 millions de personnes veulent forcer l'entrée de la zone 51 aux États-Unis ce week-end, l'U.S. Navy a confirmé officiellement le 10 septembre l'authenticité de trois vidéos montrant des objets volants non identifiés. Ces vidéos, acquises en vol par des pilotes américains avaient été rendues publiques par l'organisation TTSA (To The Stars Academy) de recherche sur les Ovni de Tom DeLonge, ancien chanteur de Blink-182.
En novembre 2014 et en janvier 2015, au large des côtes de San Diego et de Jacksonville, des pilotes de la marine américaine, à bord d'avions de chasse, ont été confrontés à des objets volants non identifiés à plusieurs reprises réalisant des manœuvres incompatibles avec les performances de tous les engins volants connus (accélérations, arrêts brutaux, virages instantanés).
Les enregistrements réalisés lors de ces vols montrent clairement la présence de structures volantes se déplaçant à très grandes vitesses et l'on peut entendre l'étonnement et la surprise des pilotes face à ces objets aux performances inenvisageables, et surtout leur incapacité à déterminer leur origine.
Ces enregistrements avaient été rendus publics deux ans plus tard par TTSA (To The Stars Academy), l'organisation de recherche sur les Ovni de Tom DeLonge, ancien chanteur de Blink-182. Ils avaient également fait l'objet d'une couverture médiatique aux États-Unis. À l'époque, l'U.S. Navy parlait de drones et de ballons (certainement une version plus moderne du ballon météo de Roswell !) pour expliquer leur présence.
L'U.S. Navy se veut pragmatique et admet, enfin, l'évidence
Mais, contrainte par la loi américaine sur la liberté d'information, l'U.S. Navy a dû apporter des explications plus convaincantes et sérieuses. Le 10 septembre, son porte-parole, Joseph Gradisher, a admis que le « phénomène montré dans ces vidéos n'est pas identifié » et reconnu qu'il s'agit « d'objetsinconnus violant l'espace aérien américain ». Mais, plutôt que de parler d'objets volants non identifiés (Ovni), la marine américaine a préféré utiliser les termes moins polémiques de « Phénomènes aériens non identifiés ».
Cette annonce a agréablement surpris la communauté ufologique mondiale, saluant la déclaration de l'U.S. Navy, rompant de fait avec la position officielle du gouvernement des États-Unis qui n'a jamais souhaité reconnaître de tels « phénomènes » en utilisant les termes aussi précis employés par l'U.S. Navy.
Cela dit, si l'authenticité des images a pour la première fois été attestée officiellement, elles n'indiquent en rien une origine extraterrestre. En effet, ces objets peuvent aussi évoquer des drones militaires très avancés qui a priori ne seraient pas américains.
The Republican chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee is leading the charge to declassify and make public what the intelligence community knows about “unidentified aerial phenomena."
Sen. Marco Rubio of Florida is pushing legislation that would require the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, which oversees the intelligence community’s 17 intelligence agencies, to work with the Pentagon and other relevant agencies to produce a detailed report outlining what the U.S. government knows about UFOs, including their origin, frequency, and potential threat to U.S. national security.
Rubio’s efforts follow the April release by the Navy of three unclassified UFO videos that previously leaked online.
“Look, here’s the interesting thing for me about all this and the reason why I think it’s an important topic, OK? We have things flying over our military bases and places where we’re conducting military exercises, and we don’t know what it is, and it isn’t ours. So, that’s a legitimate question to ask,” Rubio said in a Thursday interview with Jim DeFede of CBS4 News in Miami. “I would say that, frankly, that if it’s something outside this planet, that might actually be better than the fact that we’ve seen some technological leap on behalf of the Chinese or the Russians or some other adversary that allows them to conduct this sort of activity.”
Rubio added: “But the bottom line is: If there are things flying over your military bases and you don’t know what they are because they’re not yours, and they exhibit, potentially, technologies that you don’t have at your own disposal, that to me is a national security risk and one that we should be looking into.”
In late June, the Senate Intelligence Committee, led by Rubio, approved the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, which still has to be approved by the Senate. A section of the proposed bill deals with UFOs and calls for answers within 180 days of the law’s passage.
“The Committee directs the DNI, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the heads of such other agencies as the Director and Secretary jointly consider relevant, to submit a report within 180 days of the date of enactment of the Act, to the congressional intelligence and armed services committees on unidentified aerial phenomena (also known as ‘anomalous aerial vehicles’), including observed airborne objects that have not been identified,” the bill states, adding, “The report shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.”
The report that the proposed law would direct the intelligence community and the Pentagon to produce would cover a host of UFO-related topics, including: a “detailed analysis of unidentified aerial phenomena data and intelligence reporting collected or held by the Office of Naval Intelligence, including data and intelligence reporting held by the Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force”; a “detailed analysis” of UFO data collected by geospatial, signals, human, and other intelligence; and a “detailed analysis” of data the FBI might have that “was derived from investigations of intrusions of unidentified aerial phenomena data over restricted United States airspace.”
This proposed intelligence analysis would also include the “identification of potential aerospace or other threats posed by the unidentified aerial phenomena to national security” and whether any of the UFO activities “may be attributed to one or more foreign adversaries” as well as the “identification of any incidents or patterns that indicate a potential adversary may have achieved breakthrough aerospace capabilities that could put United States strategic or conventional forces at risk.”
Rubio shed new light on why the committee wanted these answers.
“It has impacted the Navy, for the most part. I’ve seen reports on this now for the better part of a decade. Other countries have had similar reports. But our perspective is: There is someone flying in the airspace that no one else is allowed to fly in, and we don’t know who it is, and it isn’t something we have. We need to know what that is,” Rubio told DeFede. “I mean, in my mind, I don’t understand why we wouldn’t want to know what it is. Maybe there’s a completely sort of boring explanation for it, but we need to find out. And so, that’s really what we’re asking about, and we’re asking to make public as much as possible that information. None of it fits into the mold of classified, per se.”
Earlier this year, videos from the Navy were released through the Freedom of Information Act that showed UFOs moving at incredible speeds and performing seemingly impossible aerial maneuvers. One of the videos was shot in November 2004; the other two were shot in January 2015. The three videos were code-named “FLIR1,” “Gimbal,” and “GoFast.” In the 2015 videos, Navy pilots can be heard expressing disbelief.
All three UFO videos were captured by Navy F/A-18 Super Hornets.
The videos were made public and published because of efforts by the New York Times, as well as through efforts by the To The Stars Academy, which was founded by Tom Delonge, the founder and lead vocalist for the bands Blink-182 and Angels & Airwaves.
Last year, Joseph Gradisher, spokesman for the deputy chief of naval operations for information warfare, told the Black Vault, a blog, that “the Navy designates the objects contained in these videos as unidentified aerial phenomena.”
When asked why the military preferred that phrasing over “UFO,” he responded: “The ‘Unidentified Aerial Phenomena’ terminology is used because it provides the basic descriptor for the sightings/observations of unauthorized/unidentified aircraft/objects that have been observed entering/operating in the airspace of various military-controlled training ranges.”
DeFede asked Rubio on Thursday: “So, what’s your gut? Are we alone in the universe, or is there something else out there?”
“I don’t have a gut feeling about it because it’s a phenomenon,” Rubio said. “It’s unexplained. I just want to know what it is, and if we can’t determine what it is, then that’s a fact point that we need to take into account. I wouldn’t venture to speculate beyond that.”
The mission team for NASA’s InSight lander called off its attempts to try to dig deeper into Mars with the heat probe known as “the mole.” Meanwhile, the rest of the mission gained an extension to December 2022.
Here’s the NASA’s InSight lander’s heat probe – nicknamed “the mole” – on October 3, 2020, when the spike-like mole was still trying to burrow into the red Martian soil. The copper-colored ribbon attached to the mole has sensors to measure the planet’s heat flow. Now NASA engineers have called a halt to this part of the mission.
One key aspect of NASA’s InSight mission on Mars sadly came to an end last week. NASA announced that InSight’s HP3 heat probe – aka the mole – hasn’t been able to gain the friction it needs to dig as deeply as planned into Mars’ surface. Now mission engineers have finally ended attempts, NASA said, to get the probe to burrow deeper into the soil. However, there’s also good news. The mission has been granted an extension, giving it more time on Mars’ surface to carry out its other tasks.
The mole – known officially as the Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package – was designed to dig down as far as 16 feet (5 meters). The goal was to take measurements of the internal temperature of Mars, providing vital clues as to how geologically active Mars still is and how much heat it still retains in its interior.
The problem was that the mole required friction from the surrounding soil to be able to continue digging deeper. As it turns out, the soil on that part of Mars was more clumpy than had been expected, meaning less friction. The mole would penetrate a couple of centimeters or so,less than an inch, and then it would tend to pop back up again. Eventually, the mission team started trying to push the mole farther down with the scoop on the lander’s robotic arm. Soil would be scraped onto the mole, and then the scoop would be used to tamp it down with “hammering strokes,” hopefully providing more friction. That worked to some degree, for a while, but still wasn’t enough to get the mole to continue digging deeper on its own.
By January 9, 2021, over 500 such hammering strokes had been conducted, to no avail. At that point, the mission team called an end to the effort.
It’s unfortunate, but – as you can imagine – unexpected problems often arise when exploring worlds that are hundreds of millions of miles away. As Tilman Spohn of German Aerospace Center (DLR), which built the mole, stated:
We’ve given it everything we’ve got, but Mars and our heroic mole remain incompatible. Fortunately, we’ve learned a lot that will benefit future missions that attempt to dig into the subsurface.
The mission team used the scoop at the end of the robotic arm to try to hammer the heat probe deeper down into the soil. The attempts were unsuccessful, however, because of the lack of friction in the soil due to clumpiness.
Other landers and rovers have used scoops to dig into the surface layers of soil to obtain samples, but InSight’s mole was meant to burrow down significantly deeper. The failure to dig deep enough is disappointing, but it certainly wasn’t for lack of trying, and is still a success in other ways. As Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator for science at NASA, said:
We are so proud of our team who worked hard to get InSight’s mole deeper into the planet. It was amazing to see them troubleshoot from millions of miles away. This is why we take risks at NASA, we have to push the limits of technology to learn what works and what doesn’t. In that sense, we’ve been successful: We’ve learned a lot that will benefit future missions to Mars and elsewhere, and we thank our German partners from DLR for providing this instrument and for their collaboration.
So what went wrong?
The clumpiness of the soil was surprising, since testing of the instrument back on Earth was based on properties of the Martian soil seen by previous missions to Mars. But the soil at InSight’s landing site, in Elysium Planitia, proved to be different from that seen at any other landing site. According to Troy Hudson, a scientist and engineer at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL):
The mole is a device with no heritage. What we attempted to do – to dig so deep with a device so small – is unprecedented. Having had the opportunity to take this all the way to the end is the greatest reward.
InSight has many different scientific instruments. The heat flow probe, shown on the right, was supposed to burrow down about 16 feet (five meters) into the ground.
All is not lost, however. The setback provided the mission team with more experience using the robotic arm as well as the chance to learn more about the soil at this location. What makes it more clumpy?
Another task in the near future will be to use the robotic arm to bury the tether that connects the seismometer instrument – called the Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (SEIS) – to the lander. It is hoped that doing so will reduce the amount of cracking and popping sounds heard in the seismic data due to temperature changes.
SEIS takes the “pulse” of Mars, listening for seismic activity below the surface, and has recorded over 480 marsquakes so far. By far most are very small, but they tell scientists how active Mars is below the surface. So far, it seems to be somewhere between the Earth and moon. Some of the seismic activity detected by InSight has come from regions with still-active faults and ancient volcanoes, suggesting that Mars may still be volcanically active to some degree, at least below the surface.
The lander itself continues to be in overall excellent health, which is good news, and the mission has been extended another two years, until December 2022. That means there is still a lot more science that can be done with all of InSight’s other instruments.
InSight’s mission is primarily to study the interior of Mars and determine if the planet is still geologically active.
InSight’s overall mission is to study the interior of Mars, to determine how geologically active the planet still is, and how it formed and has changed over the past several billion years. A radio experiment onboard called Rotation and Interior Structure Experiment (RISE) is designed to find out if Mars’ core is still liquid or if it is solid, and what its overall composition is, including iron.
InSight also monitors Martian weather above the surface, with some of the most advanced weather sensors ever sent to the planet. The Curiosity rover also monitors the atmosphere and weather, as will the Perseverance rover when it lands next month, on February 18. All three together will create the first meteorological network on another planet, another huge accomplishment.
The mole may not be digging anymore, but the mission is far from over, with a lot of good science still to come!
Bottom line: The mission team for NASA’s InSight lander on Mars has called off any further attempts to try to dig deep into the soil with the heat probe instrument called “the mole.” The rest of the mission continues, however, with an extension to December 2022.
2,000-Year-Old Limestone Pyramid Tomb Discovered in Lebanon
2,000-Year-Old Limestone Pyramid Tomb Discovered in Lebanon
An ancient pyramid-shaped megalithic burial has been discovered in North Lebanon dating back to 2,000 years before the pyramids of Egypt. What’s more, it is speculated that this, and other similar pyramid tombs in Lebanon, might have inspired the rulers of Egypt to construct their world famous pyramidal super-structures.
A Blazing White Pyramid among the Blackness
This very well-preserved ancient megalithic stone tomb was discovered by Abdulaziz Al-Zein, the Environment Council's mountain guide, while he was hiking near the village of Akrum in the Akkar District of North Lebanon. This region has been inhabited for around 6,000 years and the pyramidal tomb was discovered on the high grounds of Wadi El-Deir.
A report in The 961 says the 3-meter-high (9.84 ft) burial structure is “very well-preserved” and relatively untampered with, considering its age. What’s more, this particular sepulchral monument is different from all the others that have been found in the Akkar District, because it was constructed with tall, flat, white limestone, where most others were built with basalt.
Could it really be true that the pyramid tombs at Akrum inspired the Pharaohs to build the famed Egyptian pyramids?
The tombs at Akrum predate the pyramids of Egypt by about 2,000 years. Historical researcher Dr. Imad Younis told the NNA that he thinks the Pharaohs of Egypt were “probably inspired by the idea of the pyramid burial from the Akrum burials.” While this is speculation, the researcher points out that “the ancient Egyptians visited the region and stayed there repeatedly.”
This entire area is abundant with megalithic cemeteries and, according to a report in Lebanon24, the archaeological sites near the villages of Menges and Fereidis in Akkar “date back 4000 years before Christ.” Al-Zein notes that what is striking about this Akrum pyramid shaped burial tomb is that it is made of tall, flat, white limestone, while all other examples that have been discovered were constructed of dark basalt rocks.
Remains of a basalt dolmen in the Akkar District, North Lebanon.
Dr. Antoine Daher is head of the Environment Council in Kobayat - Akkarsay and he says there are three pyramid cemeteries in the outlying area of the town of Akrum al-Dayaa close to the border with Syria. However, he said that many of these forgotten treasures have been lost “due to people's ignorance of the value of these ancient constructions.” In a Lebanon24 article, professor Daher highlighted the importance of the region saying there are the paintings of Wadi al-Saba that belong to the campaign of Nebuchadnezzar before the time of Christ, and at the fortress of Husayn “Roman temples are still standing.”
The professor is calling out to authorities to protect and preserve the ancient monuments of the Akrum, and to “put an end to the sabotage that affects them.” He asked: “Can the Antiquities Directorate move with the municipalities of Mount Akrum, which has modest financial capacity, and with all interested parties and volunteers to protect these treasures, which are the memory of humanity and the pillar of the economy for the future?”
Kamouh el Hermel, also known as the Pyramid of Hermel, is a famous pyramid tomb in Lebanon dating back to the second century BC.
Lebanon is no stranger to ancient pyramid-shaped tombs and perhaps the most famous example is Kamouh el Hermel (the Pyramid of Hermel) located 6 kilometers (3.7 mi) south of Hermel in Baalbek-Hermel Governorate. Dating to the second century BC, this pyramid sits on top of a hill and measures between 19.6 meters (64 ft) and 27 meters (89 ft) high, sitting on a base measuring around 1.1 meters (3.6 ft) with three steps made from black basalt. This pyramid was heavily vandalized by locals between 2000 and 2018 when all four faces of the base were covered with graffiti.
Only three other pyramidal burials have been discovered in the Akrum area similar to the one discovered by Al-Zein, and all of these structures were recently renovated and opened for visitors and tourists. Unfortunately, according to the professor, “the ignorance and negligence” of the government, combined with their lack of proper efforts to preserve and protect the monuments, means that some of those “historical treasures” have also fallen to vandalism.
Top image: The megalithic pyramid tomb in Akrum (Akkar District), Lebanon, was built with limestone. Experts believe that the Lebanese pyramid tombs inspired the great pyramids of Egypt. Source: NNA
Has the Function of the Great Pyramid of Giza Finally Come to Light?
Has the Function of the Great Pyramid of Giza Finally Come to Light?
About 150 years after the establishment of Egyptology as an academic field, there still appears to be no agreement between scholars on the function of the Great Pyramid of Giza. Yet several different hypotheses have been proposed. The tomb hypothesis appeared when research began on the pyramid, with a popular belief saying the primary function of the pyramid was to be the final resting place for the second ruler of the 4th dynasty - Khufu.
Other competing theories were proposed as well: the granary, the power house, heaven’s mirror, water pump, and the Orion belt, among others. Reviewing all the main hypotheses with an open mind I came to conclusion that I cannot agree with any of those, so I propose my own. Certain aspects of the hypothesis were already voiced by others but not substantiated enough. I tried to fill the gaps where needed with additional facts and evidence.
It is well known that the Great Pyramid is located at the maximum geographical center of Earth (or close to it). No proposed hypothesis tends to explain why - most tend to ignore this fact or downplay it. If the pyramid is indeed built as a tomb, how did Khufu end up picking the location for the tomb to be at, or close to, the geographical center of Earth? With the pyramid construction estimated at 20 years, is mapping and charting the planet factored into the pyramid construction time?
How long did it take Khufu to survey the planet to determine that location? Similarly, how did the granary or power house end up at the center of Earth and for what reason? All the proposed hypotheses lack an explanation for this important aspect, and beyond any doubt it is critical in understanding the function of the Great Pyramid of Giza .
Light can be created by any system if it can emit charged particles into the ionosphere. The Aurora Borealis is the phenomena caused by the same process in which where electrons created by the sun collide with air molecules to create light. So, what would it take for the Great Pyramid of Giza to create similar light?
First, let’s talk about the construction material used in the Great Pyramid of Giza. If in the ancient past someone decided to build a system to emit electrons and create light, the person would definitely face a dilemma with the choice of construction materials. To accomplish that goal, high conductivity material at high frequency is needed. Copper has excellent conductivity and we know Ancient Egyptians had it in their toolbox, though at high frequency copper would overheat and melt within a few seconds. What other materials could be used?
Nummulitic limestone from the Abu Rawash area was analyzed by the National Research Center of Cairo. It was found its conductance improves at higher frequency - to the point where it is exceptional. If the conductivity of a material needs to be about 600 Tera Hz, in addition to structurally strong, there could not be better material than limestone.
One of the original casing stones for the Great Pyramid (circa 2570 BC), most of which were removed during medieval times. This block was found in the rubble surrounding the pyramid.
The Great Pyramid is located at the geographical center of Earth , as noticed by Charles Smyth and reported in this book “Our Inheritance in the Great Pyramid” in 1864. The fact that the geographical center of Earth is at the location of the Great Pyramid is startling.
Now, for a structure to emit high frequency radiation (which is really light), it must be surrounded by a large land mass. This is the fundamental requirement for systems emitting electromagnetic radiation , of which any antenna design engineer is aware. If the pyramid needs to emit electromagnetic radiation on a scale of the whole planet, the maximum land mass location is ideal!
Antennas of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), on the Chajnantor Plateau in the Chilean Andes. The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, two companion galaxies to our own Milky Way galaxy, can be seen as bright smudges in the night sky, in the centre of the photograph.
The electrons emitted by the pyramid need to reach the ionosphere and there is about a 100-km air gap between the peak of the pyramid and the ionosphere. The earth is a spherical capacitor, which means electrons at high frequency would propagate through the air with little impedance. Also, the ionosphere has negligible impedance, which means electrons can travel along the layer of the ionosphere to the other side of the planet with practically no restriction. However, they need to come back to the base of the pyramid to complete the closed path.
Passing through the ionosphere, the electrons would be colliding with atoms of various gasses, creating air glow similar to Aurora Borealis. The electrons travel back toward Earth from the ionosphere through elevation points of the planet.
It is interesting to note that many ancient cultures across the planet have had pyramid like structures. With the ionosphere saturated with charged particles, building a pyramid would provide a path for electrons to come back to the Earth’s surface - creating intense light glow over the structure. Reaching the surface, the electrons would return to the pyramid base through the mantle of the planet, the impedance of which is also negligible.
As the electrons approach the Giza plateau, they would pass through caves filled with water. The finding of the caves was reported by Andrew Collins and Dr. Hawass. Another process took place there known as electrolysis, causing water molecules to split into hydrogen and oxygen gas. The gas mixture filling the caves caused air pressure build up on the bed rock, creating earth trembling and noise. It is interesting to note that the Pyramid Text has multiple references to quakes and trembles.
The Function of the Great Pyramid of Giza
The Great Pyramid of Giza has a few chambers, shafts, and passages. Each of the elements played an important role in producing light. I provide a description of the functions of the main components in the system below.
Great Pyramid of Giza plan.
(Author provided)
Subterranean Chamber
The function of the subterranean chamber was to split water molecules into oxygen and hydrogen gas. For that you need to have water, terminals, and voltage. Hydrogen would accumulate around one voltage terminal (cathode) and oxygen would be around the other terminal (anode), but only hydrogen is needed for light, so oxygen needs to be rejected from the system. The front view of the subterranean chamber shows two hills made of limestone - those are two necessary terminals.
The top view of the chamber shows some similarities between the terminals: the two terminal bases are about the same size and the division between the two plateaus is exactly centered. All this points to intelligent design of the subterranean chamber. You can also notice some differences which are intentional.
Top view of the subterranean chamber.
(Author provided)
Note that the terminal on the left has a wider area compared to the terminal on the right. This means more electrons would pass through the terminal on the left side than right terminal. This would cause a voltage potential in which negative is on the right side, with the hydrogen gas accumulating there, and oxygen is on the left. Also, you can notice that the left and right shafts exiting the subterranean chamber are not leveled.
Hydrogen gas being lighter than the air, it would exit to the right and pass toward the ascending passage. Oxygen gas is heavier than air and would tend to concentrate at the bottom of the chamber. The granite block on the floor at the right shaft would prevent oxygen passing through. Some mixture would pass along, but it would not cause combustion. The gas built in the caves came out from the floor pit. This was not a steady process of gas and water slowly pouring out; it was a process of gas and water blasting out of the pit with high pressure.
For the pyramid to create light, free electrons are needed, and hydrogen was used for that. To get electrons from hydrogen it can be pressurized, subjected to high voltage, or hit with EM radiation. All three processes were used in the pyramid. As the air pressure in the subterranean chamber increased, the hydrogen gas got pressurized in the Queen’s chamber - filling the southern and northern shafts. The shafts are blocked by Gantenbrinks doors, so it stayed there.
With pressure mounting, the temperature of the gas increased, and partial release of electrons took place. There are copper terminals in the doors to channel the EM radiation of stars into the system. Those align with the shafts. The alignment does not need to be perfect, just enough for X and gamma rays (which can pass through the blockage) to reach the copper. Then the ionization of hydrogen took place.
The purpose of the King’s chamber was to collect all free electrons produced in the Queen’s chamber and push those toward the top of the pyramid. The granite beams in the King’s chamber are made of red granite, which has high crystal content when exposed to vibration and creates an electric field, pulling electrons from the Queens’ chamber toward the peak of the pyramid.
Opening to the King’s Chamber shaft. Morton Edgar, 1910.
The function of the portcullis in the antechamber was to control the hydrogen gas flow toward the King’s chamber and control pressure in the pyramid. Essentially, closing those would prevent the gas flowing out of the pyramid through the King’s chamber shafts. Controlling how much the portcullis closed, someone would also control pressure in the Queen’s chamber and how much light the pyramid would produce.
A Coffer in the King’s Chamber
The coffer in the King’s chamber is an important feature. What it was used for and why was it placed there are questions that still puzzle many scholars. The purpose of the coffer was to create high voltage in the King’s chamber to ionize the hydrogen and make that space conductive. Without a high voltage source in the chamber, the pyramid would not work. A device similar to the Baghdad battery could have been used. Or a device similar in construction to the Ark of the Covenant would also work.
There are three granite plugs in the bottom portion of the ascending passage. It appears the prevalent number of discussions support the theory that those were slid down to block the entrance to the ascending passage and were held there with wooden beams. There is, however, no agreement on the function of those plugs.
I believe those were used to shut down the pyramid at any instant if needed. It worked as an emergency stop. The three granite slabs would be slid down the descending passage to block hydrogen passing through and shut down the process. The fact that those plugs are blocking the passage now means they were used at least once.
Thus, I propose the function of the Great Pyramid of Giza was to emit free electrons to the Ionosphere, with the purpose to create light on the planet . The hydrogen gas produced in the subterranean chamber was used as a source of electrons needed for the process.
Top Image:The Great Pyramid of Egypt. Credit: BigStockPhoto
Until now the Middle Stone Age is thought to have ended about 30,000 years ago. However, new evidence unearthed in Africa suggests the tools which define this period of African prehistory between the Early Stone Age and the Later Stone Age - continued to be produced for another 20,000 years.
Recent archaeological digs in Africa found evidence of Middle Stone Age tools dating to just 11,000 years ago, about 20,000 years after these tools were traditionally believed to have stopped being produced. This means groups of ancient humans moved to using newer tools at different speeds, and that early human hunters lived in relative isolation from each other.
Questioning Human Evolution in the Middle Stone Age
All previous archaeological and anthropological discoveries in Africa have supported the belief that humans in Africa stopped using simple points and scraper tools and developed more complex weapons , tools and craft appliances about 30,000 years ago. However, researchers from Germany’s Max Planck Institute have published their new findings in the journal Scientific Reports claiming the latest evidence gathered at sites in Senegal, on the West coast of Africa, are “fueling a rethink of the passage of human evolution.”
The new paper suggests some ancient people living in Africa 11,000 years ago were still using simple tools, while other groups had developed more advanced technologies 20,000 years previously. This directly challenges the traditional theory that humans evolved in a linear fashion, making technological advances together, and proves humans evolved at greatly different rates around Africa, and the world.
Team fieldwalking along the Gambia River, Senegal.
Putting recent human evolutionary history in a nutshell: the period before Homo sapiens is known as the Lower Stone age, and that gave way to the Middle Stone Age, where we began developing simple stone, wood and rope tools. In the Late Stone Age, the skill sets that were developed using these tools became craft disciplines, and the rapid advancements in technologies started at that time haven’t stopped since, leading to our current state, as tool wielding monkeys with big aspirations.
The archaeologists wrote that for most of humanity's prehistory groups of humans were relatively isolated from each other. This conclusion was derived from the fact that most Middle Stone Age finds in Africa date to between 300 thousand and 30 thousand years ago and after this time they largely vanish. However, the new finds show primitive tool production continued in some isolated areas much later in the Late Stone Age, “when the Neolithic became the Bronze age around 3,500 BC,” said the researchers.
The lead author of the new study, Dr Eleanor Scerri, said that up to now almost everything that is known about ancient human origins has been extrapolated from discoveries in small parts of eastern and southern Africa. Now, this new work highlights the importance of investigating the entirety of the African continent so to construct a clearer and more reality-based picture of human evolution.
Lithics from Laminia (A-D) and Saxomununya (E-H). (A) unretouched flake; (B) bifacially retouched flake; (C) Levallois core evidencing a step fracture; (D) side retouched flake/scraper; (E, F) Levallois cores; (G) bifacial foliate point; (H) bifacial foliate.
The team are currently unclear as to “why” some groups of West Africa's Stone Age hunters were left standing in time while others rapidly advanced. However, they think “geographical isolation” has a lot to do with it. And we can still see the effects of geographical isolation in the modern world, for example, we have 20 years olds in San Fransisco walking about with Google Glasses being fed big data in live streams, while other 20 year olds around Yaohnanen village on the southern island of Tanna in Vanuatu worship Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, the consort to Queen Elizabeth II, as a divine being.
The researchers also suggests that perhaps the people with less advanced technologies experience fewer changes in climate, therefore, they were not under such intense pressure to survive and adapt. Either way, the study presents “a newer view of human evolution:” one in which groups of Stone Age survivalists lived and developed separately, and maybe even had “cultural boundaries,” living “in slightly different ecological niches,” wrote the researchers.
Top image: Freshly found artifact of the Middle Stone Age from Laminia, Senegal. Source: Eleanor Scerri / Max-Plank Institute
Mexican Farmers Unearth Ancient Statue of Elite Mesoamerican Woman
Mexican Farmers Unearth Ancient Statue of Elite Mesoamerican Woman
Farmers tilling the soil in a citrus grove in the Huasteca region along Mexico’s Gulf Coast unearthed something ancient and unusual. Hitting a hard object they assumed was a rock, the farmers dug down deeper to remove it. According to PHYS.org, what they had actually found was a six-foot-tall (1.8 meters) white stone statue of a Mesoamerican woman. She was buried in a position of peaceful repose, but facial features were contorted by an open-mouthed, wide-eyed expression that suggested she’d seen something shocking and unforgettable.
The farmers discovered the statue of a Mesoamerican woman in the Huasteca region in Mexico by chance when tilling the soil.
After removing the statue from the ground, the farmers quickly notified local authorities. Word was eventually passed on to Mexico’s National Institute of Anthropology and History, which dispatched archaeologists to investigate the discovery. These experts confirmed the statue’s antiquity, deducing that it was constructed and erected sometime between the years 1450 AD and 1521 AD, presumably by the Huastec people who had inhabited the region at that time.
If this is correct, the statue would date to the era just before the Spanish conquistadors arrived on the Gulf Coast. The Huastec region was the site of one of the most appalling episodes associated with the Spanish conquest , when the brutal and fanatical conquistador Gonzalo de Sandoval had 400 Huastec nobles and 60 chiefs burned to death to intimidate the Huastec people into submitting to his authority. He later sold 20,000 Huastecs into slavery, decimating the population and leaving Huastec society in ruins.
Assuming the statue is accurately dated, it is a relic that foretells an epic tragedy. The wide-eyed look of shock and horror that animate the woman’s features could be seen as prophetic, as if the person who carved the statue somehow anticipated the coming apocalyptic disaster. The statue is a relic from a society that was on the verge of being utterly destroyed by ruthless invaders who would murder their leaders, enslave the strong, and rule the rest with an iron hand defined by its intolerance and contempt.
The citrus farmers then alerted authorities of their discovery. Experts are now trying to work out who or what the statue of the Mesoamerican woman represents.
Deciphering the Identity of the Mesoamerican Woman
According to National Institute of Anthropology and History officials, this is the first statue of this type found anywhere in the Huasteca region. Based on the elaborate headpiece and fine clothing the woman represented in the statue is wearing, Institute archaeologist Maria Eugenia Maldonado Vito believes the statuesque woman was someone of elite status .
“This could be a ruler, based on her posture and attire, more than a goddess,” Maldonado wrote. Alternatively, she said the statue may represent “a late fusion between the Teem goddesses and women of political or social status in the Huasteca.” The goddesses she mentions were associated with fertility cults. Statues and figurines that venerate and immortalize fertility goddesses have been found all across the globe and represent a common motif from ancient times. Consequently, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the Huasteca statue may have some connection with fertility rites and observances.
But that is only one possibility, and maybe not the most likely explanation. “There are quite a few pre-Hispanic depictions of elite women and female rulers elsewhere,” explained Susan Gillespie, an anthropology professor asked to comment on the discovery of the Huasteca statue. “[They are] best known among the Classic Maya, but also in Classic Zapotec bas-reliefs and Post-Classic Mixtec codices.”
The Huastecs were originally descended from the Maya . They created their own distinct culture following their separation from their progenitors, which occurred approximately 2,000 years before the time when the statue of the woman was constructed. But they likely preserved at least some cultural traditions from ancient times, meaning that overlaps between their cultural practices and those of the Maya were to be expected.
Interestingly, the statue seems to reveal some Aztec influence . The Aztecs were just beginning to make intrusions in Huastec territory by the middle of the 15 th century AD, in military campaigns that were destined to bring the Huastecs into the Aztec Empire before the century ended. Given the contact between the Huastecs and the Aztecs that was occurring at this time, a cultural fusion that would help shape artistic choices was inevitable.
“Colonial era Aztec documents mentioned women ‘rulers’ or at least holders of the crown to pass on to their successors,” Gillespie is quoted as saying in PHYS.org. “Women were highly valued in the pre-Hispanic era, drastically losing their status only after the conquest.”
The statue of the Mesoamerican woman has an open mouth and a wide-eyed expression. Experts are trying to work out who or what she represents.
Since the Mesoamerican statue bears no inscriptions or identifying markings of any type, it is impossible to tell who the woman is or what exactly her status might have been. Unfortunately, it is also impossible to know for sure if she really was carved by a Huastec artist, or even if the statue was constructed in the Huastec region.
Not only is this the only such statue ever found there, but the place where it was found has never before produced any notable archaeological finds. This raises the possibility that the find was not legitimate, and that the statue was transported to Huastec from another location by unidentifiable sources at an unknown date.
“If there is only one such find, it’s hard to say whether it is significant, or even correctly identified,” Gillespie confirmed. “Archaeology works best with repeated occurrence, to show a pattern.” Of course, archaeologists haven’t yet had much of an opportunity to identify such a pattern, if it exists. This may be the first such statue ever found in Huastec, but that doesn’t mean it will be the only one.
Its discovery may launch an exciting new era of exploration—now that archaeologists know where to look, there is no telling what they might find in the months and years ahead. Today’s brand new archaeological site may be tomorrow’s treasure trove of invaluable artifacts, which would have remained hidden indefinitely if not for that first fortuitous discovery by citrus farmers.
Top image: The statue of a Mesoamerican woman was discovered in Álamo Temapache, Veracruz in Mexico by citrus farmers.
VIDEO: ONE OF NATURE'S MOST DECEPTIVE INSECTS IS HELPING BUILD A BETTER ROBOT
VIDEO: ONE OF NATURE'S MOST DECEPTIVE INSECTS IS HELPING BUILD A BETTER ROBOT
A CLICK BEETLEROLLING AROUND on its back may look pitiful — but do not be deceived. Beyond the hard exterior of their bodies lies a jack-in-the-box-like mechanism that, once snapped, springs them high into the air with a signature click!
Scientists have known of this click-trick, but what they've struggled to understand is precisely how and whythese beetles spring into the air. However, using high-speed x-ray technology and fundamental equations of motion, a team of mechanical engineers recently examined how this action takes place and what its limits are.
A better understanding of this elegant, biological mechanism not only reveals insight into a natural phenomenon — it may help roboticists super-charge the strength of future machines without increasing their "muscular" strength.
The findings were published Monday in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
They might look helpless, but these beetles are poised to pop at any moment.
HERE'S THE BACKGROUND
We typically imagine springs and latches are something human-designed — doodads used to close doors or accelerate pinballs into obstacle courses. But in fact, click beetles are far from outliers when it comes to natural examples of these mechanisms.
Venus flytraps, for example, use a similar biological spring to close their leafy lips around their prey. Meanwhile, mantis shrimp can snap their claws so quickly they create tiny sonic booms in the ocean.
When it comes to click beetles (which encompass a family of beetle called Elateridae discovered by an English zoologist in 1815), scientists have studied its kinematics (the beetles' resultant acceleration) as well as the geometry of the beetles' biological latch. However, the researchers behind this new study argue the question of how this motion arises from the beetles' biology is still largely unexplored.
"Previous studies have focused on the [click beetle] jump, in this paper, we are focused on the bending maneuver referred to as the click because of the audible click it produces," Aimy Wissa, assistant professor of mechanical science and engineering at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, tells Inverse.
"The bending movement happens in a hinge in the thorax and only takes a few milliseconds. In the paper, we identify and characterize the different phases of the click and we identify the forces governing the energy release phase of the click."
With four beetles on loan for the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign's permanent research sites, the team began the process of learning exactly what makes these beetles tick (or click).
The beetles' strong elastic energy through the latch mechanism as they twist their body and then release it all at once to spring upward.Wissa et al. / PNAS
WHAT THEY DID
Because only a number of milliseconds separate a still click beetle from a click beetle pirouetting through the air, the researchers used a high-speed x-ray imager to slow down the process for analysis.
The team zeroed in on a small cavity in the beetle's thorax that transforms into a latch when they begin to twist back and forth.
With this visual data, the team had three big questions they wanted to answer:
1) What are the phases of the clicking motion?
2) What are the elastic energy storage and release mechanisms in click beetles?
3) Can the energy release mechanism be inferred from the latch dynamics during the energy release phase?
WHAT THEY DISCOVERED
Examining the motion of these four beetles, the researchers identified three distinct phases of behavior that predicate the clicking spring: latching, loading, and energy release.
Based on this behavior, the researchers were able to classify this mechanical movement as "elastic recoil," which is a fast release of stored elastic energy. Essentially, as the beetle twists its body, its latch creates more and more elastic energy. This energy is eventually released when the latch breaks free, creating the springing movement.
Studying this motion, the researchers observed that the loading phase (where a peg tip was wedged into the cavity) took up to 235 milliseconds while the energy release took only 17.4 milliseconds at most.
This means that after a relatively slow build-up of elastic energy, the beetle expells it all at once for maximum recoil.
Because the beetle's writhing dance appears to be the main determinant of when how and this movement takes place, the researchers were able to closely model the oscillatory movement of the beetle post-jump as a one-degree-of-freedom system.
Being able to match the biological motion to an existing model will make it easier to replicate this motion in non-living systems as well.
"Learning about how small organisms can generate extreme acceleration will lead to breakthroughs in the field of insect-scale robotics and other small devices," Wissa tells Inverse. "Microrobots currently suffer from severe actuation limitations and cannot move nearly as fast as even the slowest [spring-equipped] biological organism"
Using a mechanism similar to that of the click beetles could enable robotics to have more "strength" without requiring stronger biological muscles.Shutterstock
WHAT'S NEXT
While the researchers were able to answer a number of important questions about this mechanism, there are still outstanding questions yet to be explored.
For example, the external latch that they identified is likely only part of an interior spring mechanism. What exactly that mechanism is and how it works is something they hope to explore in future studies.
In the future, the researchers write that they hope this understanding can help build a symbiotic relationship between advancing robotics and advancing the study of biological life as well. Eventually, this understanding could "enable the creation of a new generation of insect-inspired robots capable of generating and sustaining high-acceleration movements," the study team writes.
"Such robots will also serve as research platforms to answer critical questions about their biological counterparts."
Abstract:
Many small animals use springs and latches to overcome the mechanical power output limitations of their muscles. Click beetles use springs and latches to bend their bodies at the thoracic hinge and then unbend extremely quickly, resulting in a clicking motion. When unconstrained, this quick clicking motion results in a jump. While the jumping motion has been studied in depth, the physical mechanisms enabling fast unbending have not. Here, we first identify and quantify the phases of the clicking motion: latching, loading, and energy release. We detail the motion kinematics and investigate the governing dynamics (forces) of the energy release. We use high-speed synchrotron X-ray imaging to observe and analyze the motion of the hinge’s internal structures of four Elater abruptus specimens. We show evidence that soft cuticle in the hinge contributes to the spring mechanism through rapid recoil. Using spectral analysis and nonlinear system identification, we determine the equation of motion and model the beetle as a nonlinear single-degree-of-freedom oscillator. Quadratic damping and snap-through buckling are identified to be the dominant damping and elastic forces, respectively, driving the angular position during the energy release phase. The methods used in this study provide experimental and analytical guidelines for the analysis of extreme motion, starting from motion observation to identifying the forces causing the movement. The tools demonstrated here can be applied to other organisms to enhance our understanding of the energy storage and release strategies small animals use to achieve extreme accelerations repeatedly.
The Voynich Manuscript is an enigmatic 240-page book penned in the early part of the 1400s, and which has consistently defied the world’s finest code-breakers, who have spent decades trying to decipher the odd text. It takes its name from a man named Wilfrid Voynich, a dealer of books who obtained the manuscript back in 1912. As for the contents of the Voynich Manuscript, they include a great deal of material relative to botany – as well as close to thirty- pages of imagery of the heavens: stars, planets and moons. But, as for why, and what the attendant text says, no one knows. As to how it fell into Voynich’s hands, we have this from the man himself:
“In 1912 I came across a most remarkable collection of preciously illuminated manuscripts. For many decades these volumes had lain buried in the chests in which I found them in an ancient castle in Southern Europe. While examining the manuscripts, with a view to the acquisition of at least a part of the collection, my attention was especially drawn by one volume. It was such an ugly duckling compared with the other manuscripts, with their rich decorations in gold and colors, that my interest was aroused at once. I found that it was written entirely in cipher. Even a necessarily brief examination of the vellum upon which it was written, the calligraphy, the drawings and the pigments suggested to me as the date of its origin the latter part of the thirteenth century. The drawings indicated it to be an encyclopedic work on natural philosophy.
“The fact that this was a thirteenth century manuscript in cipher convinced me that it must be a work of exceptional importance, and to my knowledge the existence of a manuscript of such an early date written entirely in cipher was unknown, so I included it among the manuscripts which I purchased from this collection. Two problems presented themselves – the text must be unraveled and the history of the manuscript must be traced. It was not until sometime after the manuscript came into my hands that I read the document bearing the date 1665 (or 1666), which was attached to the front cover. This document, which is a letter from Joannes Marcus Marci to Athanasius Kircher making a gift of the manuscript to him, is of great significance.”
Notably, a theory exists that the manuscript was the work of a secret society based in Italy – one with a very long and clandestine lineage – that extended back to the time when the Roman Empire was at its height. It apparently still existed when the Voynich Manuscript was compiled, and was said to have been just one of dozens of such manuscripts – only one of which is, today, known.
It’s intriguing to note that the National Security Agency – the former bosses of the world’s most infamous whistleblower, Edward Snowden – has taken a very deep interest in trying to crack the code of the Voynich Manuscript. Via the terms of the Freedom of Information Act, the NSA has declassified into the public domain several important papers penned by those agency personnel who tried to tackle the mystery for themselves. One being “The Most Mysterious Manuscript in the World,” written by Brigadier John H. Tiltman, a man who worked for the United Kingdom’s equivalent to the NSA, the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) at Cheltenham, England. As evidence of Tiltman’s skills as a code-breaker, he was the first non-American to become a member of the NSA’s Hall of Honor. But, for all of the NSA”s skills in code-breaking, cipher-cracking, and spying, the Voynich Manuscript remains the mystery that it did when it fell into the hands of Wilfrid Voynich more than a century ago.
Some of the most fascinating, and often very bizarre accounts of UFO and alien encounters come to us from the so-called whistleblowers, the ones that claim to come from positions right in the thick of things. These are the ones who are supposedly in the know, with often very impressive credentials and apparent inside information on what is really going on. Such tales run the range from the compelling to the completely flat-out bonkers, and everywhere in between, yet even among these there are some that truly stand out among the rest. A good example of such accounts comes from a man who claims to have been part of an elite secret government cabal tasked with investigating and retrieving fallen UFOs, and his story is at once intriguing and totally outlandish.
One very incredible tale of aliens and secret government operations comes from retired U.S. Army sergeant Clifford Stone, who says his story begins when he was just a child. When he was very young, he claims he had several encounters with aliens, after which he was frequently visited by two military men, in particular an Air Force captain who told him he was being watched due to his remarkable ability to “interface with extraterrestrial biological entities.” The mysterious stranger would appear often to encourage him to pursue the study of UFOs, visiting him at least once a week and eventually influencing him to join the military in his older years. Stone would go on to serve in the Army from between the years of 1968 to 1990, although not in what one would call a traditional capacity.
Clifford Stone
Upon entering the military, Stone claims that he was first given training at a Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Warfare facility at Fort Lee, Virginia, after which he was recruited into a secret elite government organization called the Interplanetary Phenomena Research Unit, which apparently had been started back in 1943 by General Douglas MacArthur for the purpose of gathering intelligence on alien activities on Earth, studying alien entities and their technology, and retrieving the wreckage of downed UFOs. According to Stone, the unit had been formed in response to the large number of UFO sightings that were occurring during the war, often called Foo Fighters, speculated to be due to the entities studying the human conflict. It was thought that there was an urgent need to study this presence in order to determine if the aliens were hostile and what they wanted, and so the unit was formed.
Stone has revealed, largely through interviews with such renowned ufologists as Dr. Michael Salla, Dr. Steven M. Greer, and Paola Harris, much about what his duties and experiences were like with the shadowy organization. He says that he was typically assigned to the nuclear, biological, and chemical retrieval and abatement detail at Fort McClellan Army post in Alabama, and would be called away when there was a top-secret assignment for a retrieval. According to him, his team was not originally completely devoted to alien spacecraft, but rather to retrieving any suspicious foreign objects that crashed to Earth, but this evolved as the project went on through the years. He says of this:
This unit was initially organized as a 4602nd Air Intelligence Service Squadron. Among its peacetime missions was operation Blue Fly. Operation Blue Fly was to recover objects of unknown origin that fell to Earth. It is very important that you remember these were specifically objects that fell to Earth- because we didn’t have any spacecraft up there at this time. As a result of this, they had monitors right there at Wright Patterson that when UFO reports came in they were looked at very closely to see if there was any possible necessity of sending out teams to recover any of this fallen debris. The Air Force states they never used them. I’m telling you I know they did. But the intent of the Operation Blue Fly peacetime project was to go out and recover objects of unknown origin that impacted with the Earth.
Later it would be expanded in 1957 to cover all objects of unknown origin meaning spacecraft too. And it would become part of what they would call in the October of 1957 timeframe, Project Moon Dust. Project Moon Dust is the overall field exploitation to recover only two items: First, objects of non-U.S. origin that survives re-entry into the Earth’s atmosphere and impacts with the Earth and objects. Naturally, we would be interested in those items from a technical, scientific intelligence basis to determine, or try to ascertain the technical capabilities of any potential enemy since our known enemy of the U.S., the USSR at that time that was launching space vehicles into space. The other area of interest was objects of unknown origin. Now we find that there were quite a few objects of unknown origin that did not correlate with any known space launches, impact times, or any known space debris falling back to Earth. In short, under Project Moon Dust and under Blue Fly, we have recovered alien debris not of this Earth.
Indeed, Stone claims that throughout his career he was involved with several such retrievals of alleged alien debris, always under the guise of a nuclear containment team, which is what he was ostensibly trained for. According to him, these retrievals were carefully orchestrated to make it appear as if they were checking out crashed aircraft or a nuclear incident, even using fake news reports planted in the media to complete the ruse. He explains the thought process of these retrievals:
Now, in order to prepare me for this, very early on in my career they sent me to NBC School at Fort McCullen [sp], Alabama. It’s a three-week school. It’s for NBC personnel, NBC meaning Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical. And it would always be in the context of an NBC unit that I would be involved in UFO retrievals. You would go ahead and deploy as though it was a nuclear accident. There are procedures already established on nuclear or biological or chemical accidents. So you would proceed in that way. If you could get in there and do recoveries, if you could go in and extract the debris that are there quietly behind the scenes and no one knows, you’d do it. If you needed an officially sanctioned deception program to come into play, such as a bogus news release, you could do this also.
For example, if you have an airplane accident we have standard procedures on how we handle that. Those same procedures are utilized when you do a recovery or extraction of a crashed ET spacecraft or debris thereof. And I have to stress debris simply because these are highly advanced technical machines. There were not that many crashes. They are flawed because they are made by an intelligence that is as mortal as you or me. Being mortal, we are subject to error. Now, we are talking about a highly intelligent civilization, not a highly incompetent civilization. We take steps and they take steps. But at the same time, when you go out, you make a recovery. And when you make that recovery, you handle it the same way you would as if you were out there on an airplane accident or you have a hazardous material type situation, because it works. It is all set up.
He is meticulously detailed when he explains how all of this works. He goes into depth about how the material is concealed and how they ship it. He talks of tracking the trucks carrying the objects, code words used during these shipments, and many other finer points of the operations. He even claims that he has secretly taken some of the material found at these sites. For instance, according to him, at one purported UFO crash in 1973 he hid a small fragment of metal from the craft in his shoe, later burying it on property near his home in New Mexico. He says of the object:
Yes, I have it and wouldn’t dare to keep it in the house. I had it here to show some people where I kept it, a day longer than I should have and then somebody actually came here and tried to take it. That was some tense moments, I almost shot somebody that day. I can’t replace this, you don’t go to the store and buy this and I took a big chance when I went ahead and got it.
Stone claims that while debris was not totally uncommon, cases of whole crashed spaceships or recovering alien bodies were actually pretty few and far between, and that one of the reasons they crashed in the first place was that Earth radar interfered with some of their systems. He says he only actually was called out to a handful of whole crashed UFOs, and when asked to estimate how many craft had crashed on Earth when he first joined the unit, he says:
Not more than two-dozen UFOs had been retrieved by 1969 when I was briefed first. We were informed that there had only been a couple dozen tops- that there were several in the ‘40’s and the early 50’s. And to make it perfectly clear about those events that took place then, it sounds crazy but our radar wreaked havoc on the ET guidance systems and they had to make adjustments to their guidance systems for that. How many bodies had been recovered? Don’t know. How many crashes have occurred in which we only got debris because the ET’s came and did their recovery before we got there? Don’t know but it has happened. It has happened. When they had problems, just like we send out a distress call, they send out a distress call, which is something that a lot of people don’t think about; it’s a question that’s never asked.
Another topic he speaks of are the specialized teams that would join them when there was any sort of biological component, meaning an alien body, and the measures they took to make sure there wasn’t any kind of contamination. With regards to finding aliens, he said that they would find both dead ones and occasionally even living ones, which he says he has a gift for communicating with. Some of his stories are fairly spectacular, such as the time they allegedly fired on an alien and it deflected the bullet with some sort of force field, the time he helped some aliens escape during a crash retrieval in Vietnam during the war, and another occasion when he was shown an alien entity at the Pentagon and the alien teleported him to his friend’s office at Fort Meade. According to Stone, there are a total of 57 different known species of aliens that had been catalogued by the time he retired, coming in various shapes and sizes, with some of them reportedly practically indistinguishable from human beings. The military allegedly had a whole manual on the aliens, a 3-inch thick book called the “EBE Guidebook,” which contained the physiology, food requirements and medical information for each species.
He claims that the government is very secretive on all of this, and that they even distorted his service records to list him as being merely a clerk and typist. One of his main reasons for coming forward with this information, even though it is at great risk to him, is to help along with government disclosure and try to convince the world of what is really going on. He claims that the attitudes of the general populace make it easy for the government to keep these secrets because there is the tendency to treat UFOs and aliens as flights of fancy and to try and debunk it all. It is skeptics and debunkers who, according to him, are making it easy for the government to keep wraps on it all, and he explains of this:
During the discussion of UFO’s, the question ultimately is going to come up can any government keep secrets let alone the U.S. Government? And the answer to that is unequivocally yes. But one of the greatest weapons the intelligence community has at their disposal is a predisposition by the American people, the American politicians, and the debunkers- people who wish to try to debunk UFO information. They immediately come out and say oh we can’t keep secrets, we can’t keep secrets. Well, the truth is, yes we can. And we are conditioned by our own paradigms not to accept the possibility or probability of a highly advanced intelligent civilization coming here to visit us. You have evidence in the form of highly credible reports of objects being seen, of the entities inside these objects being seen. Yet, we look for a prosaic explanation and we throw out the bits and pieces of the evidence that doesn’t meet our paradigm. So it is a self-keeping secret. You can conceal it in plain sight. It is political suicide to go and start hitting up intelligence agencies to get this information released. So most of your members of Congress, and I know I’ve worked with a lot of them along that line, will balk and try not to do it. I can name you three members of Congress that were point blank asked to have a congressional inquiry on what happened here at Roswell.
Stone has written a whole book on his wild career and strange experiences, his 1997 UFOs Are Real, and he has continued his crusade for the cause of full government UFO disclosure, pursuing relentless requests under the Freedom of Information Act and constantly giving talks about it all. For many in the UFO field he is a champion of disclosure, however, as with many such alleged whistleblowers he has also gained his share of criticism. One is that he has very few actual hard documents or evidence to back these claims up. For instance, the alleged EBE Guidebook he has only seen on occasion, and has never managed to get an actual copy of it. He has managed to gather some documentation admitting to classified projects called Blue Fly and Moon Dust through the Freedom of Information Act, but it is unclear how much it actually proves that they were involved in retrieving aliens and alien spacecraft, and there has been debate on just how real any of his documents are. He also refuses to present the purported piece of UFO debris he has, saying that it is too dangerous to do so at this time, so for many there is just very little concrete corroboration or evidence for his extraordinary claims. There is also the fact that, although he claims that his service record has been altered to hide his true background, he is still only officially listed as a military typist and clerk, with no way to prove otherwise. Yet he definitely has his supporters, and Dr. Michael Salla says of him:
In my interview Sgt Stone comes across as very meticulous in his statements, very clear about the information he is revealing, and refuses to speculate on subjects he did not directly experience. The information he provided in the interview was very consistent with earlier interviews conducted by other investigators such as Paola Harris. Furthermore, Sgt Stone had no desire to gain financial profit for his evidence or appeared in any way to be a publicity seeker. He came across as an individual of great integrity desiring to let the American public learn the truth about UFOs and the ETH. My overall conclusion is that Stone is very credible due to the meticulous nature of his testimony, the consistency in his story, his obvious integrity, and because of the documents he has been able to provide.
We are left to wonder. Is there anything to Stone’s claims? Certainly he seems sincere and has been embraced by many in the UFO field, and his attitudes towards government disclosure seem to be in the right place. However, is he for real, or is he just spinning wild stories? Whatever the case may be, Stone has made many good points on the topic of government UFO disclosure, and whether any of his claims are true or not, he remains a fascinating, strange, and often eyebrow-raising figure upon the landscape of ufology.
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A Legend That Turns Out to Be Real? Hibernating Alien Discovered Inside Secret Chamber in the Great Pyramid
A Legend That Turns Out to Be Real? Hibernating Alien Discovered Inside Secret Chamber in the Great Pyramid
Would you believe a story about an alien mummy being found in the Great Pyramid of Giza? In the March 2000 issue of the Egyptian magazine Rose al-Yūsuf, a strange article posed the same question.
As the story goes, in the year 1988, a French Egyptologist named Louis Caparat was exploring the interior of the Great Pyramid when he accidentally discovered a secret chamber. The room had been sealed right after the pyramid was completed, more than 4,500 years ago, and it contained “a crystalline transparent case.”
Apparently, the crystalline case served as life-support for a small humanoid alien or human-alien hybrid, which Caparat believed was hibernating or in a stage of suspended animation. The discovery of a previously unknown chamber inside the Great Pyramid sounds intriguing, but finding an actual alien being inside it would be an extraordinary event, if we are to trust this particular account.
Further inspection of the chamber revealed clues about the identity of its millennial occupant when archaeologists found a papyrus scroll. According to hieroglyphic inscriptions on the scroll, the creature was in fact an extraterrestrial messenger that had arrived in ancient Egypt during Pharaoh Khufu’s reign. His mission was to announce the arrival of his brethren, who expressed their interest towards the Egyptian people.
Apparently, the Pharaoh held the visitor in high regards, since the papyrus claimed the Great Pyramid was actually built as a receptacle for the crystal capsule containing the small humanoid. The fact that the life support system was still working after thousands of years supports the theory that the pyramids were built with the aid of advanced alien technology and it also gives credence to the idea that the pyramids acted as energy receivers.
Shortly after his discovery, Caparat called his friend and colleague, biologist F. de Braga, who was in Spain at the time. He boarded the next plane to Cairo, hoping to obtain blood, tissue and DNA samples from the hibernating alien. But when his plane landed, de Braga was promptly sent back to Madrid by the Egyptian authorities. The alien and its crystal coffin were ultimately confiscated by the State Security Investigations Service and taken to an undisclosed location and that’s where the trail stops.
No further mentions of Caparat or the secret chambers are made and Egypt has offered no official statement regarding this episode.
But this is neither the first nor the only incident when a decidedly non-human body was found in a pyramid.
According to legend, the first man to break into the Great Pyramid of Giza was a powerful caliph named Abdullah al-Ma’mun, the son of Harun al-Rashid. In 813 CE, after weeks of arduous manual drilling, his team of hired Egyptian laborers broke through several blocks of granite and into a burial chamber that contained the remains of a humanoid alien. The alien had been buried with great respect and was surrounded by precious items.
In Secrets of the Great Pyramid, author Peter Tompkins mentions the event:
SOME ARABIAN AUTHORS HAVE REPORTED THAT AL MA’MUN FOUND IN THE SARCOPHAGUS A STONE STATUE IN THE SHAPE OF A MAN. THEY SAY THAT WITHIN THE STATUE LAY A BODY WEARING A BREASTPLATE OF GOLD SET WITH PRECIOUS STONES, AN INVALUABLE SWORD ON HIS CHEST, AND A CARBUNCLE RUBY ON ITS HEAD THE SIZE OF AN EGG, WHICH SHONE AS WITH THE LIGHT OF DAY.
Another mysterious mummy of an otherworldly being was allegedly uncovered in a small pyramid in El-Lahun, just south of Pharaoh Senusret the Second’s tomb. As the story goes, Viktor Lubek, a retired University of Pennsylvania University professor made this discovery on 1997 but there is very little information available.
The mummy was that of a frail creature measuring around 5 feet in length. It had been buried with special honors, and a number of intriguing objects were found inside the tomb. According to an article published in a 2003 issue of Weekly World News,
THE MUMMY DATES FROM ABOUT 1880 B.C. AND IS HUMANOID, BUT CLEARLY NOT HUMAN. IT’S UNCLEAR WHAT SE*X IT WAS, BUT WE KNOW IT HAD UNUSUAL REPTILIAN-LIKE SKIN, NO EXTERNAL EARS AND OVERLY-LARGE, ALMOND-SHAPED EYES.
Inscriptions inside the tomb read that the mummy belonged to an important being that had been appointed counselor to the king. Its name was Osirunet, ‘meaning star – or heaven-sent.’
The body of Osirunet had been preserved in a very unusual manner, and it was covered with linen wraps and a mixture of clay and gold.
As for the unknown objects found inside the pyramid, they were described as “devices made of a tough synthetic-type material that no one has been able to identify, and the uses of these strange machine-like items are a complete mystery.”
This finding was particularly upsetting for many Egyptian officials who insisted that it remain secret until a plausible explanation was found. The mummy was allegedly flown to Florida for an in-depth analysis but that’s the last time anybody’s heard of Osirunet.
A similar incident involved a 15-inch long mummified finger discovered in 1988.
Even if these stories sound far-fetched or offer little evidence to support their claims, when considering the greater picture offered by Egypt’s many mysteries, they seem possible. Some would say unlikely, but possible.
When (and if) the ancient Egyptians built the Pyramids of Giza, they exhibited great engineering, mathematical and astronomical skills and we can easily see how the magnificence and precision of their monuments could be attributed to external influence.
But in the end, you could say it’s really a matter of perspective.
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UFO Seen Twice! Over Medellin, Colombia In 2020! 2 Videos, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Seen Twice! Over Medellin, Colombia In 2020! 2 Videos, UFO Sighting News.
Date of 1st sighting: Jan 29, 2020
Date of 2nd sighting: Oct 6, 2020 6AM
Location of sightings: Medellin, Colombia
A new video was posted this week of a sighting back in Oct 6, 2020 over the city of Medellin, Colombia. This sighting is new to me. The eyewitness Diego Penagos states, "I myself recorded it on October 6 at 6 am in Medellin while I was climbing one of the highest hills in the city of Medellin. It was on the hill of the 3 crosses. I tried to send it to various media but no one answered me."
This is 100% confirmation that the earlier Jan 29, 2020 pilot sighting was 100% authentic and real. This newer video by Diego is absolute proof that dark grey hexagon shaped UFOs frequently scan the inhabitants of Medellin, and may even have an alien base 5km below the city itself...where thousands of aliens from dozens of worlds could be currently living right now!
ISS live feed captured squadron of UFOs flying through the clouds
ISS live feed captured squadron of UFOs flying through the clouds
On January 21, 2021 the ISS live feed captured a fleet of UFOs flying through and under clouds.
While watching the ISS live feed on TV, the witness noticed several UFOs flying through and under the clouds below the ISS on which he grabbed his phone to record the remarkable event.
Then all of a sudden the live feed switched over to another camera and remained off for awhile afterwards, something which often happens when UFOs come into view. Mufon.
This UFO video was was filmed back on 11th July 2020 but it was just posten on MUFON’s website today. It shows this black UFO flying over Orlando in FL.
Witness report:
It was circling it had no lights it looked big & kinda of shaped like a saucer eventually it disappeared I ended the video & ran to my girlfriend to show her by the time we came back outside it was gone that’s the best description I could give you with the naked eye
HACKER DISCOVERED ALL THE “UFO SECRETS” OF NASA AND THE ELITE (VIDEO)
HACKER DISCOVERED ALL THE “UFO SECRETS” OF NASA AND THE ELITE (VIDEO)
A hacker, one of the most recognized in the world, saw all the jealously guarded “UFO secrets” of NASA and the elite.
From ” non-terrestrial ” officials to photographs of UFOs . What Gary McKinnon discovered that year 2001 was as revealing to the rest as it was dangerous to him. His life from then on became a legal ordeal, but he opened the door to many theories.
Anyone who is at least curious about aliens and UFOs has heard of Gary McKinnon , a hacker who managed to break into 97 computers of the United States government, which included the Navy and NASA.
However, unfortunately for everyone, it was discovered before I could make the findings publicly known …
Who is Gary McKinnon?
Gary McKinnon, not one of the most recognized hackers in the world. (Public domain) Gary McKinnon, known in the cyber world under the pseudonym ” Solo “, was born on February 10, 1966 in Glasgow, United Kingdom.
He became one of the most recognized hackers when he was accused by the United States of having breached the security of the military system , becoming the largest computer assault to date.
How did you become one of the most recognized hackers?
At the beginning of the 2000s, McKinnon began researching UFOs and aliens on the Deep web , until it reached the servers of different agencies in the United States.
What would have been crazy to anyone, to McKinnon was the obvious; he hacked into 97 computers from NASA, the Pentagon, the Navy and the United States Defense Service with the intention of finding classified information on aliens.
The country estimated that the damages caused by the hacker were presumed to be about $ 700,000 , an amount that was extremely high to date. For that reason, their e xtradition to the United States was requested .
If that had happened, McKinnon would have had to serve a sentence of at least 70 years and, in fact, many times expressed his fear of being forcibly taken to Guantánamo .
How did you get access to the systems?
In an interview he gave to the BBC, McKinnon explained that he was able to access the different systems thanks to a “Perl” programming language script .
In addition, he also mentioned that several of the computers of the different services in the United States continued to use their default passwords , which greatly facilitated his work.
The extradition request
The “Solo” journey quickly turned into a nightmare. Jon Ronson , a journalist and writer, mentioned that McKinnon practically stripped the network servers of the highest levels of security of the US government, which had not even bothered to create passwords.
Although McKinnon continues to live in the UK, the United States made it clear that it wanted him to be extradited to the country as soon as possible. They even mentioned the case they had already prepared, and the prison time that was to be requested.
The United States claimed that several of the servers it had accessed had been deliberately damaged , something McKinnon has always denied.
What did McKinnon find?
In a statement to RichPlanet TV , he stated that he had used a program called ” Landsearch ” to find information. Thus he managed to access several NASA folders where there was an EXCEL file with different names.
The funny thing is, the file was called ” Non-Terrestrial Officers .” During the interview, McKinnon said that he thinks spacecraft pilots are involved . In previous interviews, the hacker mentioned two names of “ships”; the ” USSS LeMay ” and the ” USSS Hillenkoetter “. ‘
Usually, American ships only have 2 “S” in their names, an acronym for “Ship of the United States”, but this time it is 3 , possibly for ” Space Ship of the United States ” or “Ship Space”.
McKinnon looked for the names of those officers in the list of NASA workers that are publicly available, but there were none of them, so it was confidential information.
He also spoke about Donna Hare, the former NASA contractor who at the beginning of the 21st century made it public that the space agency retouched photos of unidentified flying objects.
One of the most important statements is where he mentions that he managed to see an image of a spaceship in perfect condition in the shape of a cigar , in addition to reports that mentioned how they had managed to create anti-gravity propulsion systems by applying reverse technology to the remains of extraterrestrial ships.
McKinnon believes that the only reason to keep this fact hidden is because it would generate the possibility of generating free energy , thus ending dependence on oil and other fuels.
How was it captured?
Due to human error; In March 2002 McKinnon confused the schedules and accessed the servers while there were still personnel in the areas.
The workers noticed how the computer followed commands that they had not entered, so security immediately disconnected the computer from the Internet and managed to locate its IP.
Gary McKinnon has become a legend for fans of the UFO and extraterrestrial theme, who fervently believe in his story. However, no evidence was ever shown about what he saw, which makes him a bit doubtful about his version. Despite this, one thing is certain: NASA hides information from the public.
FAST’s 500-meter (1,640-foot) dish makes it the world’s largest single-dish radio observatory. It’s expected to open to international observers in 2021.
Photo from January 11, 2020, showing the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) in China.
Radio astronomy suffered a blow in late 2020 when the legendary Arecibo telescope in Puerto Rico – damaged by recent hurricanes – became non-functional. The National Science Foundation had just announced, in November 2020, that Arecibo would be dismantled. Then, on December 1, all hopes of saving the beloved telescope were dashed when its 900-ton receiver platform fell onto the giant reflector dish below. In recent years, Arecibo – once the world’s largest radio telescope comprising of one single dish – had been overtaken by a larger telescope, built in southwest China. Now astronomers requiring high sensitivity radio data have their interest pinned on that telescope – the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope, or FAST – which was declared fully operational as recently as January 2020. Now there’s more news. XinhuaNet.com reported on January 4, 2021, that FAST is opening up to foreign observers, with proposals for observing projects due on April 1, 2021.
Around 10% of the observation time is expected to be awarded to international observation projects, with those observations slated to start on August 1, 2021.
FAST was built in a remote valley in China’s Guizhou province between 2011 and 2016. Its diameter is a whopping 1,640 feet (500 meters). FAST saw what astronomers call first light in September 2016; afterwards, it underwent extensive testing.
A section of FAST’s antenna dish seen from the side, revealing aluminum triangular panels, each with a side of 36 feet (11 meters). Image via astronomer Liyuan Lu from the Galaxy and Cosmology Group at Xiamen University, who captured this and the following images in 2017. Digital cameras are now not allowed at the site, in order to keep the the region radio silent so as not to disturb the astronomical observations.
Triangular panels with a side of 11 meters (36 feet), making up the FAST dish of the antenna.
Image via Liyuan Lu.
How does this telescope compare with Arecibo? The two observatories are quite similar in that both were built in natural bowl-shaped depressions in a landscape. Thus both FAST and Arecibo only stare – more or less – straight up (at what astronomers call the zenith of the sky). The telescopes follow the rotation of the Earth to change the direction of view. I write “more or less” because the direction can actually be changed a little bit. The detectors suspended above each telescope’s wide dish, in a structure called a cabin, can be moved to follow an object for a few hours at a time. Also, in the case of FAST, the entire detector cabin can move, and, in addition, the dish itself is flexible, consisting of roughly 4,400 individual aluminum panels that can be pointed in different directions, making the dish able to focus on different areas of the sky. In contrast, Arecibo’s dish was stationary. This, together with the greater depth of the dish, makes FAST able to image a larger part (2-3 times) of the sky than Arecibo was able to.
FAST 500 meter dish with the mobile receiver assembly suspended above.
Image via Liyuan Lu.
With its 500-meter (1,640-foot) dish, FAST has roughly twice the collecting area of Arecibo, which measured 305 meters (1000 feet) across. This makes it twice as sensitive. However, it is important to keep in mind that the effective diameter is never as large as the full diameter, and in the case of FAST, it is closer to 300 than 500 meters at any one time, due to its ability to follow a target for a longer time. The same was the case with Arecibo, but to a smaller extent, rendering it an effective diameter of 221 meters.
Can FAST be seen as a replacement to Arecibo? Indeed, FAST is the only other telescope that can observe to a similar (and better) sensitivity at similar wavelengths. Arecibo operated from a wavelength of 3 centimeters to 1 meter (1 to 39 inches, a little bit shorter to not fully as long as the wavelengths observed by FAST). But in addition, Arecibo was equipped with a transmitter able to send out strong radar signals. NASA had funded Arecibo’s Planetary Radar System, which let Arecibo study solid objects from Mercury to Saturn, and to perform very accurate orbit determinations on near-Earth objects, particularly potentially hazardous objects. It also let Arecibo send out a powerful interstellar message in 1974, our first intentional contact message to the cosmos. Such powerful transmitters are too large and heavy for FAST’s smaller receiver cabin.
The effective aperture of FAST is 300 meters.
Image via Phoenix7777, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
A radio telescope is like a giant radio receiver, listening for exceedingly faint radio wavelengths from space. Because radio is emitted at much longer wavelengths than visible light, the telescope must be much larger than an optical telescope to achieve sufficient resolution – detail – of what you observe. In the case of FAST, it is able to observe wavelengths from 10 cm to 4.3 meters (4 inches to 14 feet), a range that makes it possible to study areas of research including, but not limited to:
– Pulsars, not only local to the Milky Way, but also in other galaxies. Extragalactic pulsars were not possible to observe before, due to their distant signals being too faint for other telescopes. Since the commissioning of FAST, it has, to date (January 2021), discovered and measured 240 pulsars.
– Gravitational waves. Through monitoring pulsars, FAST contributes to an international collaboration that looks for low frequency gravitational waves.
– Fast radio bursts. In August and September of 2020, FAST detected a fast radio burst called FRB 121102, which is too faint to have been detected by any other telescopes.
– Exoplanets have not before been (conclusively) detected at radio wavelengths. FAST is, however, powerful enough to detect polarized radio emission. Such emission would indicate a planet harboring a strong magnetic field, something astronomers believe is likely necessary to protect potential life (as for Earth). Even the large size of FAST does not give enough resolution to pinpoint something as small as a planet, but this will be helped by adding on 36 small 5-meter dishes into an array, which will increase the resolution (ability to see clearly) by 100 times.
– Neutral hydrogen – the most abundant element in the universe, emitting at 21 cm – in both the interstellar medium of our Milky Way galaxy and in other galaxies.
The telescope will also be part of interferometry observations in which it will be connected with other telescopes in the world, such as the VLBI network.
The 305-meter (1000-foot) dish and receiver assembly of the previous largest single-dish telescope in the world, Arecibo in Puerto Rico, a few years before it collapsed. Image by Theresa Wiegert.
Bottom line:FAST, located in southwestern China, is the world’s largest single-dish radio observatory with its 500-meter (1640-foot) diameter. It is now fully operational and has started receiving observation proposals from international astronomers as of 2021.
As anyone who has witnessed the aurora australis or aurora borealis, the lights created by solar winds meeting Earth’s magnetic field are a beautiful site to behold. As any who has lived through power outages, haywire computers and disrupted communications can attest, the meeting of solar winds and magnetic fields can also be catastrophic. If only there was a place where their effects were lessened of minimized. It turns out there is. New research using data from the European Space Agency’s (ESA)’s Swarm satellite constellation found a “surprising” imbalance, with solar winds heading to the North Pole far more frequently than the South Pole. Are reindeer antlers acting as solar lighting rods? The actual reason is just as strange and mysterious.
Northern lights
“Here we advance a paradigm which can explain the observed persistent asymmetry and northern preference for incoming Poynting flux at Swarm altitudes based on the known offset of the magnetic dipole moment from the centre of the Earth towards the northwest Pacific. This offset generates different relative effective solar illumination of the auroral ovals in the northern and southern hemispheres arising from the rotation of the Earth. The offset can also introduce asymmetries in the magnetic fields in the auroral zones as well.”
What? Fortunately, a University of Calgary press release gives a simpler summary of the paper, published in Nature Communications, written by a team from that school and the University of Alberta. The University of Calgary developed and operate the electric field instruments (EFIs) on the three Swarm satellites. The EFIs give precise measurements of ionospheric winds and temperatures – measurements which show a clear preference of north over south by solar winds. “North” and “south” in this case refer to the magnetic field poles. In an ESA press release, lead author Ivan Pakhotin attempts to explain the preference.
“Because the south magnetic pole is further away from Earth’s spin axis than the north magnetic pole, an asymmetry is imposed on how much energy makes its way down towards Earth in the north and south. There seems to be a differential reflection of electromagnetic plasma waves, known as Alfven waves. We are not yet sure what the effects of this asymmetry might be, but it could also indicate a possible asymmetry in space weather and perhaps also between the Aurora Australis in the south and the Aurora Borealis in the north. Our findings also suggest that the dynamics of upper-atmospheric chemistry may vary between the hemispheres, especially during times of strong geomagnetic activity.”
Southern lights
In simpler terms, somehow the Earth’s magnetic field itself is routing more energy, in the form of plasma waves, north rather than south. It could be caused by space weather anomalies, unexplained differences in upper atmospheric chemistry or even some kind of weird preference by the Sun for the northern hemisphere. Whatever the reason, us non-scientists can see the difference in the Northern and Southern lights, especially during different seasons.
Ultimately, it starts with the magnetic South Pole being father way from the axial South Pole than the magnetic North pole is from its axial counterpart. More research is needed, especially because it will tell us how to interpret solar winds and electromagnetic fields when searching on other planets for life or possible settlement sites. Finally, it leads us to potentially safer locations on Earth when that apocalyptic solar flare ultimately hits.
Throughout human history the art and weapons of warfare have evolved continuously, and much as with natural evolution itself, warring sides have been locked in a never-ending cycle of increasing one-upmanship. Our relentless arms race goes way back to ancient times, going from clubs, to spears, to arrows, and beyond, in modern days bringing us firearms, missiles of increasing lethality, and of course nuclear weapons, but even this is not seen as the ultimate weapon of devastation. Research and development has continued to find and refine better ways to kill each other, to beat the other guy, and among these the realm space has been seen as a sort of last frontier of warfare. What if you could wield weapons of mass destruction orbiting in space where the enemy would be helpless to do anything about it, and what if you could whisk these weapons to anywhere on the globe in minutes to rain down death from above? To the military this is almost too good to pass up, and it might be disturbing to many readers that this science fiction scenario has been hotly pursued. Let’s take a look.
One of the main problems with using space as a battlefield is that it is technically banned, in a sense. The Outer Space Treaty, which was signed by 107 countries in 1967 prohibits nuclear, biological, or chemical weapons from being placed in or used from Earth’s orbit. This is a bummer for warmongers, but there is a loophole. What if the weapon wasn’t nuclear, biological, or chemical? How could we devise something that skirted the treaty, yet was still utterly devastating? Lasers have been proposed in the past, but far from what you see in the Death Star in the Star Wars films, lasers just haven’t proven to be that effective at blowing things up. They require too much power to focus, are ineffective at long distances, and simply cost too much to develop. Laser technology for warfare, especially that from space, has been considered largely a dead end, and our technology in this area is woefully inadequate for anything other than perhaps burning through a piece of plywood with a concentrated burst at short range for sustained periods on an unmoving object, or perhaps shining a little mini cat toy laser in an enemy’s eyes. But what if you could just drop something heavy on them from space? It might sound absurd, like something Wile. E. Coyote might try, but this is a very real, and very frightening area of research, and far more powerful than you might think.
It’s called “Kinetic Bombardment,” also known as a “Kinetic Orbital Strike,” which is a lot scarier-sounding than “big heavy thing dropped from space,” and indeed it is scary. The basic premise behind it involves using an inert projectile, no explosives, no moving parts, propellants, or chemicals, just a, well, big solid heavy thing, to drop down from orbit at a target. The idea is that a satellite would carry a magazine of these objects, most likely tungsten rods about the size of a telephone pole and weighing around 9 tons, with fins attached to keep them straight, and more or less just drop them towards a target. So, it’s just a big heavy object falling towards earth, right? You’d just have to get out the way and you’d be fine, right? Well, not exactly.
As it travelled towards the surface of the earth powered by gravity alone, the projectile would gain tremendous velocity and speed, going 8 kilometers per second in orbit and eventually getting up to an impact speed of about Mach 10. When just one of these “rods from God” hit the surface, it would penetrate hundreds of feet into the ground, while releasing its built up kinetic energy to create an explosion roughly on par with over 11.5 tons of TNT (or 7.2 tons of dynamite). If more than one was dropped over an area, they could create incredible devastation on par with a tactical nuclear strike. For instance, one hundred rods would have the total destructive power of 1,150 to 14,000 tons of TNT, approaching the yield of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, all without the fallout, no radiation, and no need for actual explosives of any kind. Often called Project Thor, there are envisioned to be between 6 to 8 satellites in orbit at any given time carrying these projectiles, giving them the capability to hit any target on the planet’s surface within 10 to 15 minutes from order to launch to impact. This would give the enemy very little time to prepare, and furthermore the launch would be difficult to detect, the rods would be hard to see on radar, and they would be moving so fast that they would be nearly impossible to defend against. It sounds horrifying, and there would not really be much an enemy could do to predict or stop such attacks, but surely this is all just science fiction speculation, right? Again, not exactly.
It does sound a lot like science fiction, and indeed the rods from God have appeared in many science fiction stories and were even originally conceived of by Boeing employee turned science fiction writer Jerry Pournelle back in the 1950s, but make no mistake this is not purely fantasy. Indeed, not only is the concept and theory behind it totally sound and achievable, but kinetic strikes in one form or another have already been used in real life. Using heavy solid objects dropped from great heights has been going on since World War I, when masses of metallic objects, called flechettes, were dropped in great numbers on enemy positions from aircraft, with the effect being on par to machine gun fire. During the Vietnam and Korean wars, the U.S. occasionally used what were called “Lazy Dog bombs,” which scattered hundreds of little solid hunks of metal with fins of sheet metal welded on to allow a straighter fall and higher velocity, with each one hitting with enough force to penetrate 9 inches of concrete after being dropped from as little as 3,000 feet. In as recently as 2020, a kinetic weapon, in this case basically a 100 pound modified missile fitted with detachable blades for added lethality, was dropped from an aircraft to obliterate a vehicle carrying a senior Al Qaeda official.
This technology is very real, the theory is sound, and it really works. The rods of God of Project Thor could definitely be a reality today, and the only reason it isn’t is down to money. It just simply costs too much to haul such heavy projectiles into space, making it too cost-prohibitive, with it costing at least $10,000 to carry just one pound into space at the moment. To carry hundreds of 9 ton rods into orbit would be astronomically expensive, and this is likely the only reason Project Thor has not been more seriously pursued. Yet, the plan has continued to come across the table of military officials, and has been reconsidered on more than one occasion, if even in a limited capacity as a bunker busting weapon. If the cost wasn’t so exorbitant, they would absolutely pursue this to fruition, and if they can work this out, then who knows? For now we are probably safe, but it does make one look up and hope there is not a satellite up there with a rod aimed at you.
On the back of my new “four theories” article for what happened at Roswell, New Mexico in 1947, I thought I would share with you some lesser-known theories for what happened in Rendlesham Forest in December 1980. In my 2020 book, The Rendlesham Forest UFO Conspiracy, I wrote: “What if that explanation, if revealed, proved to be even more controversial than the theory that aliens arrived from a faraway world? The ramifications for the field of Ufology would be immense.” I added that the book reveals that “one of the most famous UFO cases of all time was really a series of top secret experiments using holograms, mind-control programs, deception, disinformation, conspiracies and cover-ups. The shocking truth of a forty-year-old mystery is now revealed.” Certainly, (A) the UFO theory and (B) the secret experiment scenario are the two, most well-known angles. There are, however, others. And here they are:
Number One: Formerly of the U.S. Air Force, and one of the key military players in the famous UFO encounter at Rendlesham Forest, Suffolk, England in December 1980, Sergeant Jim Penniston – in 1994 – underwent hypnotic regression, as part of an attempt to try and recall deeply buried data relative to what occurred to him during one of Britain’s closest encounters. Very interestingly, and while under hypnosis, Penniston stated that our presumed aliens are, in reality, visitors from a far-flung future. That future, Penniston added, is very dark, in infinitely deep trouble, polluted and where the Human Race is overwhelmingly blighted by reproductive problems. The answer to those same, massive problems, Penniston was told by the entities he met in the woods, is that they travel into the distant past – to our present day – to secure sperm, eggs and chromosomes, all as part of an effort to try and ensure the continuation of the severely waning Human Race of tomorrow.
Carrying on, The BBC says, “Writer Brenda Butler, of Leiston, Suffolk, has been amused by some of the UFO tourism that has grown up around the forest. You realise we’ve got eight landing sites down here, she says. ‘Everybody has got their own take on it. If you go down there with any of the witnesses, they’ll take you to somewhere else.”‘ Ms Butler, who co-wrote the 1986 book on the case, Sky Crash, believes the US may have recovered a Russian satellite [italics mine]. It has got to be something to do with the Americans or the Russians or the Cold War,’ she says. ‘There are loads of files still to be released, but there has been such a big cover-up, nobody will ever know what happened. ‘I’d like to get to the bottom of it all but I guess we never will.'”
Other theories that have been put forward include a malfunctioning early Stealth plane that came down in the woods, and that had to be hastily retrieved. A similar scenario replaces a high-tech Stealth plane with an equally early drone that went off-course.I have also heard that a “silent helicopter” was flying around the woods on the first night of activity. Could that be the answer? Moving on, I’ve heard that because the Rendlesham affair occurred in the U.K. at roughly the same time as the equally controversial Cash-Landrum incident in the United States, there must have been some kind of a connection. A scenario that involves events on both sides of the pond and that has yet to be resolved? Someone, I suggest, should take a deeper look at the two events. Something intriguing may surface, even after forty-one years. As all of this shows, there are multiple theories for what happened at Rendlesham. And there are multiple researchers with their own ideas. Including me!µ
There are countless strange conspiracies theories swirling about the government and shadowy organizations lurking out in the gloom past what we usually see. Everything from mind control, to hidden spaceships, to weird government experiments, and much, much more, the field of conspiracy theories is a minefield. One of the more bizarre and pervasive of these in recent times has been the idea that the government, Illuminati, whatever you want to call “them,” is using advanced weaponry to cause forest fires around California.
On December 4, 2017, a blaze ignited near the city of Santa Paula, in Ventura, California, and while normally it might not have been the tragedy it was to become, aided by record Santa Ana winds the fire proved to be extremely fast. In an alarmingly short amount of time the fire exploded outward, expanding out of control to engulf large swaths of both Ventura and Santa Barbara counties while creating other offshoot blazes along the way. The hungry fire and its spawn were well fed with the dry brush of the rugged mountain terrain, and it was all was soon a hulking beast of a fire the likes of which no one had ever seen. By the time what would collectively be called The Charles Fire was finally contained on January 12, 2018, it had devastated approximately 281,893 acres, forced over 100, 000 people to evacuate, and had caused immeasurable destruction of property and agriculture, vast economic damage, and dozens of tragic deaths. It was the largest wildfire in modern California history, even generating its own weather, and at one point fought by an army of over 8,500 firefighters, the largest mobilization in history, who fought battles with multiple fires on many fronts.
In the wake of the Charles Fire, authorities began a full investigation into how the fire had started and spread, but as this was going on there were some strange conspiracies brewing. One was that it was terrorists or drug cartels from Mexico or South America trying to destroy the region’s extensive marijuana farms, and another was that it was due to the Illuminati, but although eyebrow raising these pale in comparison to another insidious conspiracy that began doing the rounds on the Internet and sites such as YouTube. People began talking about how the fires had not only been intentionally started, but that they had been started by the U.S. government using giant lasers from outer space. Wait, what?
The idea is that the fires had been deliberately started by weapons called “directed energy weapons” (DEW), basically giant laser beams, which had been mounted on either planes or satellites to be fired upon the area. Why would the government do this? Well, according to the conspiracy theorists there are several possible reasons. One is that it was a show of force, while another is that it could have been done as a media distraction to keep eyes off of something else going down. Yet another idea is that it was done to clear people out of the area for some nefarious purpose, or according to one theory as a way to make room for a high-speed rail system. Even the conspiracy theorists can’t even really agree as to the whys of it all, with many picking whatever version fits their own agenda, but the ones who began spreading these stories and theories also come armed with what they claim to be “evidence.”
The main form this evidence comes in is from many alleged witnesses and firefighters who supposedly claimed that the fire did not behave or burn things in a normal way. It was noticed that in some areas only human structures seemed to have suffered the wrath of the blaze, while the surrounding trees, vegetation, and even other buildings were untouched. The conspiracy crowd speculates that this could only have been through the use of actual targeted, directed laser attacks on the buildings themselves, and one conspiracy theorist by the name of Matt Procella has said of this:
You’ll notice here that stores and restaurants are wiped out, while other things are still in perfect shape. Other buildings are fine, trees are untouched, but specific structures are just devastated. You gotta ask yourself, what’s up with that … Is this the result of direct energy weapons? Ranged weapons that inflict damage on a target by emitting highly-focused energy? The answer is most likely yes.
The idea of attack lasers being at work soon expanded to be applied for other wildfires that occurred in 2017 and 2018 throughout California, and making it even weirder still were people who came forward with stories that they had actually seen blue beams shooting down from the sky before fires broke out, further fueled by eerie photos or videos of these beams that began making the rounds. Proper fire authorities speculated that the fire and others like it had actually likely been caused by downed power lines, but of course not everyone bought this.
Although these conspiracy theories have flourished online, there are some rather good skeptical points to be made here. For one, there is very little evidence put forward for the giant laser angle. Some usually unnamed and unverified witnesses, as well as some photographic and video evidence that is inconclusive at best and obviously photoshopped at worst. Even if there really are these mysterious unburned areas, it could be attributable to moisture in the vegetation or the rather unpredictable winds at the time. However, most damning of all is that, although they look really awesome and powerful in science fiction films, it turns out that in real life lasers are not nearly as destructive and almighty as we have been led to believe by fiction. In reality we are woefully behind in any breakthroughs for super-powerful lasers, and they are decidedly worse at blowing stuff up than was once thought. The fact is, we seem to be a long way from producing a laser of this magnitude, making it less plausible that there is someone going around strafing whole areas with them. But then again, it’s the government, so there are plenty of people who say that the technology does exist, but is top secret. What is going on here? Is there any truth to this at all or is it just looney conspiracy nonsense for some agenda or other? Who knows, but it is definitely eye-opening, and another weird conspiracy theory to add to the pile.
Scientists analyzed data obtained by NASA’s New Horizons mission to Pluto and the Kuiper Belt and their results were rather surprising – there are a lot fewer galaxies in the universe than previously thought.
It was previously stated that there are about 2 trillion galaxies in the universe but new research has revealed that there are hundreds of billions. That is still a huge number but much less than the original estimate.
If you look very far off into space, it is incredibly dark but not completely black as there are faint lights from very distant galaxies and stars. And studies of those very faint glows are what revealed to scientists that there aren’t as many galaxies gathered in the universe.
Marc Postman from the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland, and an author of the study, stated, “It’s an important number to know – how many galaxies are there?,” adding, “We simply don’t see the light from two trillion galaxies.”
New Horizons spacecraft
As for their original estimate of two trillion galaxies, scientists came up with that number by using data from NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope and while the majority of galaxies were too far off and faint to be detected by the telescope, they used mathematical models to predict that 90% of galaxies were too far to be seen by the Hubble.
Postman went on to say, “While the cosmic microwave background tells us about the first 450,000 years after the big bang, the cosmic optical background tells us something about the sum total of all the stars that have ever formed since then.” “It puts a constraint on the total number of galaxies that have been created, and where they might be in time.”
Tod Lauer from NSF’s NOIRLab and another author of the study, weighed in by saying, “Take all the galaxies Hubble can see, double that number, and that’s what we see – but nothing more.”
The Hubble’s ability to observe distant galaxies was affected by light pollution from pieces of comets, asteroids, and small dust particles that are in our solar system. These small objects reflect the sunlight, making a glow (called zodiacal light) which made it hard for the telescope to completely observe the far areas into space.
Hubble Space Telescope
Thankfully, the New Horizons spacecraft is far enough away from the zodiacal light that it was able to make more precise observations of the universe. In fact, when the spacecraft was at a distance of more than 4 billion miles away from Earth, it observed the universe at about 10 times darker than when the Hubble made its observations.
Lauer explained how exciting these observations were, “These kinds of measurements are exceedingly difficult. A lot of people have tried to do this for a long time.” “New Horizons provided us with a vantage point to measure the cosmic optical background better than anyone has been able to do it.”
After the scientists removed all of the excess glows from expected galaxies as well as the light from the stars in the Milky Way, they still had some leftover glows which could be from dwarf galaxies, diffuse halos of stars from galaxies, or rogue, intergalactic stars. Or there might possibly be even more undetected galaxies.
The CIA has released all publicly available U.S. government documents collected on unidentified flying objects (UFO) over the course of three decades that can now be downloaded by any curious users.
According to reports, the massive trove of data on UFOs includes over 2,700 pages of information collected and recorded by government agencies over the course of decades, with some declassified documents dating back as far as the 1980s.
The information was released thanks to numerous requests filed under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) over the past 25 years.
The downloadable archives are available on the website The Black Vault, which has collected every piece of data recording sightings of UFOs. The site’s founder, John Greenewald Jr., purchased a disc which the CIA claims contains the entirety of its archives, but Greenewald notes that “there may be no way to entirely verify that.”
“Research by The Black Vault will continue to see if there are additional documents still uncovered within the CIA’s holdings,” Greenewald added.
The U.S. government has been increasingly open in its discussions of UFOs since September 2019, when the U.S. Navy admitted that widely-circulated video footage captured by Navy pilots purportedly showing UFOs flying through the skies did depict actual “unknown” objects that flew into U.S. airspace.
While officials admitted that they have been baffled by the unknown flying objects, they also admit that past encounters with them have been frequent. They also said that rather than calling them “UFOs,” they prefer the term unidentified aerial phenomena or UAPs.
The Guardian reports that a range of bizarre incidents are recorded in the documents, some of which are hard to decipher and are extremely disorganized.
One document reports a series of inexplicable explosions in a Russian town, while another reports a first-hand account of a sighting of an unidentified aerial phenomenon near Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan.
LiveScience has also reviewed the files, and reports that the documents cover a range of other incidents such as a “1976 account of the government’s then-Assistant Deputy Director for Science and Technology being hand-delivered a mysterious piece of intelligence on a UFO.”
However, Greenewald has expressed annoyance over the manner in which the agency packaged the documents, including the fact that they were burned onto CD-ROM, a medium that he called “outdated.”
“The CIA has made it INCREDIBLY difficult to use their records in a reasonable manner,” he wrote to Vice’s Motherboard. “This outdated format makes it very difficult for people to see the documents, and use them, for any research purpose.”
The arrival of the dump comes as UFOlogists and alien aficionados eagerly anticipate hearings before Congress where Pentagon and intelligence agency officials will report all of their findings on UAPs, according to the New York Post.
A provision tucked into the roughly 5,600-page coronavirus relief bill passed in December requires that government agencies “submit a report within 180 days … to the congressional intelligence and armed services committees on unidentified aerial phenomena.”
Also last June, outgoing President Trump told his son Don Trump Jr. that he had heard some “interesting” things about supposed UFOs and the secretive Area 51 base near Roswell, New Mexico, that some theorists claim was a crash site for a UFO.
Nikola Tesla Secrets You Had No Idea About, Death Ray, Particle Weapon, Plasma Lasers, Marc Seifer
Nikola Tesla Secrets You Had No Idea About, Death Ray, Particle Weapon, Plasma Lasers, Marc Seifer
Nikola Tesla Secrets You Had No Idea About, Death Ray, Particle Weapon, Plasma Lasers, Marc Seifer
Dr. Marc Seifer is the preeminent authority on the life and times of Nikola Tesla as evidenced through his exhaustively researched best seller: Wizard. Dr. Seifer ’s wide ranging and meticulously researched published articles, novels and books span subjects ranging from metaphysics, behavior analysis to science fiction.
Besides his authoring, he is a forensic expert and published master of handwriting analysis.
Nikola Tesla, Ether, Gravity & Dark Matter Explained, Marc Seifer
Nikola Tesla, Ether, Gravity & Dark Matter Explained, Marc Seifer
Nikola Tesla, Ether, Gravity & Dark Matter Explained, Marc Seifer
Dr. Marc Seifer is the preeminent authority on the life and times of Nikola Tesla as evidenced through his exhaustively researched best seller: Wizard. Dr. Seifer ’s wide ranging and meticulously researched published articles, novels and books span subjects ranging from metaphysics, behavior analysis to science fiction. Besides his authoring, he is a forensic expert and published master of handwriting analysis.
Near collision with UFO captured on camera by airline passenger
Near collision with UFO captured on camera by airline passenger
Passenger captured a UFO on video while on board the Singapore Airlines plane heading to Zurich Airport. The passenger was about to record the landing but after minutes he witnessed a near collision with a UFO.
This video proves that the pilot is aware and prepared to dodge the UFO. The pilot followed safety protocol, the engines roared, and passengers panicked.
The pilot managed to avoid the unidentified flying object and made a safe landing at Zurich Airport later on. Date and time of the event: January 17th, 2021 between 7:30 and 7:50 am.
RELATED INFORMATION, selected and posted by peter2011
Here's what discovered about that alleged "Near collision with UFO captured on camera by Singapore Airlines passenger". Details in comments
Three lights appeared over South Carolina 20-Jan-2021
Three lights appeared over South Carolina 20-Jan-2021
This was filmed over Myrtle Beach in South Carolina on 20th January 2021 at 7:30pm.
Witness report:
After seeing all of the replies of flairs I should probably add this happened multiple times, around the exact same place. I had already seen these lights twice by the time I took this video.
Bright UFO making maneuvers over Colton, CA 19-Jan-2021
Bright UFO making maneuvers over Colton, CA 19-Jan-2021
This bright unidentified flying object was flying over Colton, California on 19th January 2021.
Witness report:
Witnessed a bright light moving at variable speeds, direction, heights and brightness for a few minutes. Remembered to record a video using my phone after viewing for awhile and took a 1minute, 28 second video. The light was flying around the flight path for Ontario Airport arriving and departing aircraft although non were witnessed during this event.
Virgin Orbit's LauncherOne rocket blasts its way toward space after separating from its carrier plane during the successful Launch Demo 2 mission on Jan. 17, 2021.
"Payloads successfully deployed into our target orbit! We are so, so proud to say that LauncherOne has now completed its first mission to space, carrying 9 cubesat missions into low Earth orbit for our friends @NASA. #LaunchDemo2," Virgin Orbit announced via Twitter today. (One of the nine missions featured two cubesats, so the total number of spacecraft lofted was 10.)
The 70-foot-long (21 meters), two-stage LauncherOne, which is capable of delivering up to 1,100 lbs. (500 kilograms) to orbit, took off from California's Mojave Air and Space Port today at about 1:50 p.m. EST (1850 GMT; 10:50 a.m. local California time). The rocket left the ground beneath the wing of its Boeing 747 carrier plane, known as Cosmic Girl.
This air-launch strategy — which Virgin Orbit's sister company Virgin Galactic also employs with its suborbital space plane, SpaceShipTwo — increases flexibility and responsiveness compared to traditional vertically launched rockets, Virgin Orbit representatives have said.
Pilots Kelly Latimer and Todd Ericson took Cosmic Girl southwest, cruising out over the Pacific Ocean toward a drop point about 50 miles (80 kilometers) south of the Channel Island. About an hour after liftoff, at an altitude of roughly 35,000 feet (10,700 m), LauncherOne separated from the plane, then lit up its first-stage NewtonThree engine to make its own way to space.
But today, LauncherOne just kept on checking boxes. The rocket's upper stage separated successfully and fired its NewtonFour engine as planned, and LauncherOne slipped into orbit around our planet.
Virgin Orbit's LauncherOne rocket lifts off beneath the wing of the Cosmic Girl carrier plane from California's Mojave Air and Space Port on Jan. 17, 2021. (Image credit: Virgin Orbit via Twitter)
About 45 minutes after its first burn, the NewtonFour blazed up again, circularizing the upper stage's orbit. Shortly thereafter, the upper stage deployed the 10 tiny satellites, which were provided by eight different university groups and NASA's Ames Research Center in Silicon Valley.
This was a huge accomplishment for Virgin Orbit, which is now fully up and running.
"With this successful demonstration in the books, Virgin Orbit will officially transition into commercial service for its next mission. Virgin Orbit has subsequent launches booked by customers ranging from the U.S. Space Force and the U.K.'s Royal Air Force to commercial customers like Swarm Technologies, Italy’s SITAEL and Denmark’s GomSpace," Virgin Orbit representatives wrote in an emailed update after today's flight.
"The company's next few rockets are already well into integration at its Long Beach manufacturing facility," they added.
Virgin Orbit also commemorated the life of Eve Branson, the mother of the company's founder Sir Richard Branson, by flying her name to orbit on the rocket. Eve Branson died this month at age 96 from COVID-19.
Virgin Orbit aims to claim a sizable portion of the growing small-satellite launch market. That market is currently dominated by Rocket Lab, whose Electron booster has been operational since 2018.
But the competition seems poised to start heating up considerably, and not just from Virgin Orbit. For example, California startup Astra's 38-foot-tall (12 meters) Rocket 3.2 reached space for the first time last month, on the company's second orbital test flight. And several other companies, such as Firefly Aerospace and Relativity Space, will start flying their own small-satellite launchers in the near future, if all goes according to plan.
The above vehicles are all designed to give dedicated rides to relatively small spacecraft. That's not the only way for such satellites to fly; they can also hitchhike as secondary payloads on big rockets like SpaceX's workhorse Falcon 9. But such missions are tailored to the big primary payloads, so they generally don't provide as precise a delivery for the small satellites riding piggyback.
Editor's note: This story was updated at 8:30 p.m. EST with more details about the flight from Virgin Orbit.
Mike Wall is the author of "Out There" (Grand Central Publishing, 2018; illustrated by Karl Tate), a book about the search for alien life. Follow him on Twitter @michaeldwall. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom or Facebook.
The experimental engine is Chinese, but based on American ideas dating back 40 years or more.
Turning sonic booms into combustion addresses a key, "fatal" flaw in scramjet designs.
A Chinese-made "sodramjet" engine has reached nine times the speed of sound in a wind tunnel test. The engine could power an aircraft to reach anywhere in the world within two hours, the makers say.
Scientists say the sodramjet (short for “standing oblique detonation ramjet engine”) could be the first real hope for hypersonic flight—many times the speed of sound, and something that would bring both global travel and space travel much closer to home.
"With reusable trans-atmospheric planes, we can take off horizontally from an airport runway, accelerate into orbit around the Earth, then reenter into the atmosphere, and finally land at an airport," the scientists, from the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Mechanics, write in a new study published in the Chinese Journal of Aeronautics. "In this way, space access will become reliable, routine and affordable."
The idea is a decades-old theoretical variation on a scramjet, itself a variation on the ramjet, building on generations of work on high-speed flight.
Many commercial aircraft today have turbofans or, for smaller jets, turboprops. These have descended from the idea of the turbojet, and on the family tree of jet propulsion, the turbojet and ramjet are something like cousins.
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The same way that, say, researchers continue to work on stellarators along with tokamaks and salt-cooled along with lightwater reactors, research on the lower profile idea of the ramjet has continued since the interwar period. Because of their design, turbojets, turbofans, and turboprops work better in the zone we’ve decided is right for passenger flight. For the most part, that’s subsonic flight within Earth’s atmosphere.
The sodramjet is the latest bleeding edge of a completely different use case. The ramjet led to the scramjet, which was designed to go as much as 15 times the speed of sound. Like the fastest combustion and even rocket cars, the secret is in dropping a great deal of weight from the craft—the scramjet scoops up oxygen from the air instead of in condensed form from a tank.
But that means a more fragile cycle of combustion that, it turns out, can be woofed out by the very sonic boom the engine creates. The scramjet just never reached its full potential.
South China Morning Post (SCMP) reports that the sodramjet follows decades of work on scramjets that began in the United States. But in China, development of scramjet concepts has continued, too. Even so, lead researcher Jiang Zonglin grew frustrated with scramjets and decided to go his own way, based on a theory published by NASA in 1980:
“Jiang and colleagues said they were fed up with scramjets’ fatal design weakness. The scramjet could barely generate any thrust at the speed of Mach 7 or beyond. The fuel consumption was so high that no commercial aviation company could possibly foot the bill. And the pilots—not to mention passengers—could suffer heart attacks if they were required to restart the engine from time to time during a flight.”
Concept demonstration model of the sodramjet engine and its installation in a wind tunnel.
ZONGLIN JIANG, ET. AL./CHINESE JOURNAL OF AERONAUTICS
The key difference in the sodramjet is that the new design uses the sonic boom to add combustion, not blow it out.
“Turning the shock wave from their enemy to their friend helped them sustain and stabilise combustion at hypersonic speed,” SCMPreports. “The faster the engine flew, the more efficiently the hydrogen fuel burned. The new engine was also much smaller and lighter than previous models.”
Nothing is certain about this design, which can’t even be tested in a full-speed wind tunnel yet—one simply doesn’t exist. A lot remains to be seen, studied, and proven.
The sodramjet, however, seems to be a hypersonic contender at the beginning of an era where this technology will be critical to travel and exploration.
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L'Égypte dévoile des «trésors» trois fois millénaires
L'Égypte dévoile des «trésors» trois fois millénaires
Les autorités égyptiennes ont dévoilé dimanche au public de nouveaux «trésors» archéologiques découverts dans la nécropole de Saqqarah dont une cinquantaine de sarcophages du Nouvel Empire vieux de plus de 3000 ans.
Ces nouvelles mises au jour ont été effectuées près de la pyramide du roi Téti, premier pharaon de la VIe dynastie de l'Ancien Empire, par une équipe menée par le célèbre égyptologue Zahi Hawass.
«Cette découverte réécrit l'Histoire de Saqqarah et plus particulièrement l'Histoire du Nouvel empire, né il y a 3000 ans», a assuré dimanche à l'AFP M. Hawass, avant d'ajouter que «70% (de cette nouvelle découverte) restent à explorer».
Les sarcophages en bois, datant du Nouvel Empire (XVIe-XIe siècle av. J.-C), ont été retrouvés dans un puits funéraire, selon M. Hawass, qui précise qu'un sarcophage en pierre a également été retrouvé dans un autre puits.
«Nous avons découvert un total de 22 puits funéraires», a-t-il dit à l'AFP. Parmi les découvertes dans ces puits figure celle d'un «soldat à côté duquel reposait sa hache de guerre», a précisé M. Hawass.
En outre, M. Hawass a ajouté que son équipe avait retrouvé «un papyrus d'environ 5m de long contenant le chapitre 17 du livre des morts (...) des masques, des embarcations en bois, des jeux auxquels jouaient les anciens Égyptiens».
L'archéologue estime qu'il s'agit d'une «découverte rare, car la plupart des pièces retrouvées datent du Nouvel Empire. À Saqqarah, c'est plutôt 500 avant J.-C. habituellement».
Plusieurs de ces objets ont été présentés dimanche à la presse, alors que les fouilles se poursuivaient sur le site.
Le ministère des Antiquités et du Tourisme avait révélé dès samedi soir dans un communiqué la teneur de ces découvertes, qu'il avait qualifiées de «majeures».
Le site de Saqqarah, qui se trouve à un peu plus de quinze kilomètres au sud des pyramides du plateau de Gizeh, abrite la nécropole de Memphis, la capitale de l'Égypte ancienne.
Il est classé au patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO et est connu pour la célèbre pyramide à degrés du pharaon Djéser, la première de l'ère pharaonique.
Ce monument, construit vers 2700 avant J.-C par l'architecte Imhotep, est considéré comme l'un des plus anciens à la surface du globe.
Les autorités espèrent inaugurer en 2021 le «Grand musée égyptien» près du plateau de Gizeh, où se trouvent les célèbres grandes pyramides et le Sphinx.
L'Égypte espère que toutes ces découvertes et son nouveau musée vont redynamiser le tourisme mis à mal par l'instabilité politique et les attentats après la révolution de 2011 qui a chassé Hosni Moubarak du pouvoir, et par la pandémie de COVID-19.
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The McCallister Case: Alien Close Encounter and a Stolen Artifact
The McCallister Case: Alien Close Encounter and a Stolen Artifact
The Robert McCallister Case has everything, a UFO, a close encounter with the occupant, an alien artifact and a visit from someone who steals the artifact. The case was discovered from Gray Barker a UFO investigator, writer and president of Saucerian Publications a publishing company dedicated to books related to the UFO phenomena.
The incident most probably happened some time in the 60s. Robert McCallister was a boy at the time and on that day during the Christmas holiday season he was in a forest near Salt Lake City (USA) setting up traps to catch coyotes. As he was walking around to check if he had caught something he suddenly confronted a disc-shaped craft hovering about 2 meters above the ground. His first thought was that the object was a hovercraft something he had read about recently in a magazine and therefore was not afraid. The object hovered silently, it had a diameter of about 4.5 meters and featured triangular ports about a meter apart. From behind some rocks a group of strange looking individuals emerged. They were tall and wore helmets similar to those worn by old-time divers. The helmets were attached to a cable.
The same cable was also attached to a type of chair (no details exist of how this chair looked) that was floating in the air at a height of about 3 meters. On the chair sat an old man with white hair and a broad smile. This man did not have a helmet nor wore a uniform similar to the other individuals. Instead he wore a blue tunic and sandals. After a few moments both the old man on the chair and the three individuals floated towards the disc. One of the ports opened and they all entered inside, including the chair. After the port had closed something unexpected happened. The port opened again and the old man appeared; he looked at Robert for a few moments and then approached him. The man took Robert by the hand and started showing him around the discs exterior. Although the man spoke an unknown language, gestures indicated that he was explaining a few things regarding the craft. The man noted the ball-point pen in Robert’s pocket. Robert gave it to him and the man took a piece of paper from his pocket and scribbled on it. When the man handed back the pen Robert insisted that he should keep it as a present. The man accepted the gift with a smile and offered him one of their own pens, he reached out to his pocket and gave it to Robert.
After this exchange of pens the man floated back to the craft´s interior. From the craft’s port the man waved to Robert to move away from the craft most probably to ensure that he maintains a safety distance during take-off. But after a few moments the port opened again and the same man waved at him to move even further away. When he was about 100 meters away Robert turned to look at the craft as it was rising slowly and without any sound. Suddenly, it shot upwards at an incredible speed and disappeared. Once back home he shared his story with his parents and older brother. They laughed at him and did not believe him despite him showing them the pen. The pen was made by a black plastic tube with a glass or plastic point from which ink flowed onto the paper.
Upon his return to school after the Christmas and new-year holidays, Robert shared his story and the “alien artifact” with his teacher and classmates. Although they did not take him seriously he was allowed to pass the pen around for observation by his classmates. A few days later Robert was home alone doing his homework; parents and younger siblings had gone shopping and his older brother was at basketball practice. He heard a knock on the door. There stood a short smiling man trying to communicate through gestures. The man presented a deaf/mute card (item sold outlining the sign-language alphabet). Thinking that the man seeking a contribution Robert offered some coins. The man refused and continued to make gestures; he pointed at the card and then at the “alien-pen” placed on the boy’s shirt pocket as if requesting it to note something down on the card. Robert did not hesitate and gave the pen thinking that the man will write something down that will help their communication. The moment he got hold of the “alien-pen” the short man ran towards the back of the house . Robert heard a car rev-up and then the screech of tires as the car left the scene.
Was this short man part of a government agency dedicated to retrieving alien artifacts and silencing witnesses?
L’affaire Robert McCallister a tout, un OVNI, une rencontre rapprochée avec son occupant, un artefact extraterrestre et une visite de quelqu’un qui vole l’artefact.
Le cas a été découvert par Gray Barker, un enquêteur sur les ovnis, écrivain et président de Saucerian Publications, une société d’édition dédiée aux livres liés aux phénomènes OVNIS. L’incident s’est probablement produit dans les années 60. Robert McCallister était enfant à l’époque et ce jour-là, pendant les vacances de Noël, il se trouvait dans une forêt près de Salt Lake City (USA) en train d’installer des pièges pour attraper les coyotes. Alors qu’il se promenait pour vérifier s’il avait attrapé quelque chose, il a soudainement rencontré un engin en forme de disque, planant à environ 2 mètres au-dessus du sol. Sa première pensée fut que l’objet était un aéroglisseur, quelque chose qu’il avait lu récemment dans un magazine et n’avait donc pas peur. L’objet a plané silencieusement, il avait un diamètre d’environ 4,5 mètres et des orifices triangulaires distants d’environ un mètre. Derrière des rochers, un groupe d’individus étranges émergea. Ils étaient grands et portaient des casques similaires à ceux portés par les plongeurs à l’ancienne. Les casques étaient attachés à un câble.
Le même câble était également attaché à un type de chaise (aucun détail n’existe sur l’apparence de cette chaise) qui flottait dans les airs à une hauteur d’environ 3 mètres. Sur la chaise était assis un vieil homme aux cheveux blancs et au large sourire. Cet homme n’avait pas de casque et ne portait pas d’uniforme semblable aux autres individus. Au lieu de cela, il portait une tunique bleue et des sandales. Après quelques instants, le vieil homme sur la chaise et les trois individus flottèrent vers le disque. L’une des portes s’est ouverte et ils sont tous entrés à l’intérieur, y compris la chaise. Après la fermeture de la porte, quelque chose d’inattendu s’est produit. La porte s’ouvrit de nouveau et le vieil homme apparut; il regarda Robert pendant quelques instants puis s’approcha de lui. L’homme a pris Robert par la main et a commencé à lui montrer l’extérieur des disques. Bien que l’homme parlait une langue inconnue, des gestes indiquaient qu’il expliquait certaines choses concernant l’engin. L’homme a remarqué le stylo à bille dans la poche de Robert. Robert le lui a donné et l’homme a pris un morceau de papier de sa poche et griffonné dessus. Quand l’homme a rendu le stylo, Robert a insisté pour qu’il le garde en cadeau. L’homme a accepté le cadeau avec un sourire et lui a offert un de leurs propres stylos, il a tendu la main à sa poche et l’a donné à Robert. Après cet échange de stylos, l’homme est retourné à l’intérieur de l’engin. Depuis la porte de l’engin, l’homme a fait signe à Robert de s’éloigner de l’engin, probablement pour s’assurer de maintenir une distance de sécurité pendant le décollage. Mais au bout de quelques instants, la porte rouvrit et le même homme lui fit signe de s’éloigner encore plus. Lorsqu’il fut à environ 100 mètres, Robert se tourna pour regarder l’engin qui montait lentement et sans aucun son. Soudainement, il a bondi à une vitesse incroyable et a disparu. De retour à la maison, il a partagé son histoire avec ses parents et son frère aîné. Ils se moquaient de lui et ne le croyaient pas malgré qu’il leur ait montré le stylo. Le stylo était constitué d’un tube en plastique noir avec une pointe en verre ou en plastique à partir de laquelle l’encre coulait sur le papier. À son retour à l’école après les vacances de Noël et du nouvel an, Robert a partagé son histoire et «l’artefact extraterrestre» avec son professeur et ses camarades de classe. Bien qu’ils ne le prennent pas au sérieux, il a été autorisé à faire circuler le stylo pour l’observation de ses camarades de classe. Quelques jours plus tard, Robert était seul à la maison pour faire ses devoirs; les parents et les frères et sœurs plus jeunes étaient allés faire du shopping et son frère aîné était à l’entraînement de basket-ball. Il entendit un coup à la porte. Il y avait un petit homme souriant essayant de communiquer par des gestes. L’homme a présenté une carte sourd / muet (article vendu décrivant l’alphabet en langue des signes). Pensant que l’homme cherchait une contribution, Robert a offert des pièces de monnaie. L’homme a refusé et a continué à faire des gestes; il montra la carte puis le «stylo extraterrestre» placé sur la poche de la chemise du garçon comme s’il lui demandait de noter quelque chose sur la carte. Robert n’a pas hésité et a donné le stylo en pensant que l’homme écrirait quelque chose qui faciliterait leur communication. Au moment où il attrapa le «stylo extraterrestre», le petit homme courut vers l’arrière de la maison. Robert a entendu une voiture accélérer puis le crissement des pneus alors que la voiture quittait les lieux.
Ce petit homme faisait-il partie d’une agence gouvernementale dédiée à la récupération d’artefacts extraterrestres et à la réduction au silence des témoins ?
La sonde New Horizons continue son exploration de la ceinture de Kuiper.
Le 19 janvier 2006, une fusée Atlas-V propulsait la sonde New Horizons dans l'espace en direction de Pluton et de la ceinture de Kuiper. Elle vogua d'abord vers la planète Jupiter qu'elle a survolée le 28 février 2007 à une distance de 23 millions de kilomètres. La manœuvre lui a permis de bénéficier de l'assistance gravitationnelle de la géante gazeuse et de prendre la route de Pluton.
A la découverte de la Ceinture de Kuiper
La ceinture de Kuiper est une vaste zone en forme d'anneau composée d'une myriade de petits corps et de plusieurs planètes naines dont Pluton. Elle est située au-delà de l'orbite de Neptune entre 30 et 55 unités astronomiques. Gigantesque et quasi inexplorée, cette partie du Système solaire recèle pourtant bien des secrets : c'est un réservoir de comètes périodiques qui abrite des astres probablement contemporains des débuts du Système solaire, tandis que d'autres ont pu s'y former puis migrer secondairement et se rapprocher du Soleil. C'est sans doute le cas de Cérès et de Triton (une lune de Neptune). Avec 2.372 km de diamètre, Pluton est le plus gros membre de cette ceinture de Kuiper mais pas le plus massif puisque Eris, découverte en 2005, la dépasse. C'est notamment à cause de cette dernière que Pluton a été déchue de son statut de planète pour devenir une planète naine selon la définition adoptée par l'Union astronomique internationale le 24 août 2006, soit à peine 8 mois après le lancement de New Horizons.
Des milliers d'images et de mesure de Pluton
Si cette nouvelle définition n'a pas fait que des heureux (surtout de l'autre côté de l'Atlantique), elle n'altère en rien l'intérêt et les résultats qu'obtiendra la sonde. Après des années d'hibernation, elle sera réveillée quelques mois avant d'atteindre son premier but. Et le 14 juillet, après un voyage de près de 6,5 milliards de kilomètres, l'engin survolera la planète désormais naine à seulement 11.000 km de sa surface. De ce passage historique, il restera des milliers d'images et de mesure qui révèlent la complexité de ce monde recouvert de glace sous laquelle réside peut-être un océan liquide comme sur son satellite Charon.
New Horizons
La sonde New Horizons est dans l'espace depuis 15 ans.
Jupiter
Première planète photographiée par la sonde New Horizons.
Io
La surface de Io, survolée ici le 28 juin 2007 par la sonde New Horizons. On y aperçoit une éruption volcanique au sommet.
Europe
Europe est l'un des quatre plus gros satellites de la planète Jupiter. Cette vue est celle d'un lever d'Europe au-dessus de Jupiter.
Etoiles
Une des photos de l'espace lointain prise par la sonde New Horizons.
Pluton
New Horizons a réalisé un survol historique de la planète naine Pluton le 14 juillet 2015.
Surface de Pluton
De nombreuses images de la surface de Pluton continuent d'être analysées par les scientifiques.
Le cœur de Pluton
Le cœur de Pluton ou la région Tombaugh est une vaste plaine glacée de 2000 km de large.
Montagnes dans le cœur de Pluton
Rangée de montagnes dans le "coeur" de Pluton : une image de l'instrument Lorri de New Horizons.
"Dark side" de Pluton
Quelques minutes après son survol, New Horizons a photographié la face cachée de Pluton.
Macule Cthulhu
La région de Cthulhu sur Pluton héberge de hautes montagnes dont le sommet est couvert de glace de méthane.
Charon
Cette image de Charon a été prise le 13 juillet 2015, c'est-à-dire 24 heures avant le survol au-dessus de Pluton.
Nyx et Hydra
Nyx et Hydra sont deux petites lunes qui orbitent autour de Pluton.
Arrokoth
L'astéroïde Arrokoth a été visité par la sonde le 1er janvier 2019.
Disque de poussière du système solaire
L'instrument Student Dust Counter (SDC) mesure la taille et la distribution des particules de poussières se trouvant sur la trajectoire de New Horizons et dont la masse est comprise entre 10−12 et 10−9 g.
VIDÉOS LIÉES, sélectionnées et publiées par peter2011
Hot on the heels of successfully snagging hunks of space rock in October, the scientists behind NASA's OSIRIS-REx asteroid sample-return mission are contemplating sending the spacecraft to study a second asteroid in 2029, this time the infamous Apophis.
If that appointment comes to be, the spacecraft will arrive at Apophis in April 2029, just over a week after the asteroid makes a hair-raisingly close approach to Earth, within about 19,800 miles (31,900 kilometers) of our planet's surface. Scientists are confident that the asteroid won't impact Earth, but Apophis still has quite a reputation for a space rock, and discovering OSIRIS-REx could visit it provided an unexpected opportunity for the mission.
"Definitely it was a surprise, a very good surprise," Dante Lauretta, a planetary scientist at the University of Arizona and the principal investigator for OSIRIS-REx, told Space.com of the moment in October 2019, when a team member reported that the spacecraft could make a long stay at Apophis.
"I thought for sure extended-mission targets were going to be flyby kind of opportunities, more traditional," Lauretta said. "Those are pretty easy to design in the inner solar system. But when [the OSIRIS-REx mission designer] came back and said we could put the spacecraft into orbit around a second large near-Earth asteroid, I was really excited."
But of course, the priority for the OSIRIS-REx team has been the primary mission of the spacecraft (formally dubbed the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security, Regolith Explorer): collect and deliver a sample from the asteroid Bennu for scientists to analyze in their laboratories on Earth.
That task is going smoothly: OSIRIS-REx collected its space rock on Oct. 20 and will leave Bennu for the long journey home sometime this spring, arriving in September 2023. And just like the Japanese Hayabusa2 asteroid-sampling mission, which returned its samples from an asteroid called Ryugu in December, only a small capsule will actually return to Earth, jettisoned by the main spacecraft, which will then be free to explore other destinations — assuming, of course, the paperwork comes through.
The OSIRIS-REx team plans to propose an extended mission to NASA in the summer of 2022, Lauretta said. Visiting Apophis is one option for what that extended mission could look like, but so far, it's the only target that engineers have found the spacecraft could visit long-term. And a flyby might not do the spacecraft justice in terms of its capabilities and current condition, which Lauretta said is "excellent."
"We don't have a solution that gets us to rendezvous with another asteroid at all right now," Lauretta said. "It really is the unique nature of the Apophis close approach to the Earth in 2029 that even enables us to do this."
A depiction of Apophis flying past the ring of satellites surrounding Earth in April 2029. (Image credit: Marina Brozović/JPL)
Same spacecraft, new asteroid, new science
OSIRIS-REx has lost only one mode of one instrument; otherwise, everything is in working order, Lauretta said.
In fact, a second asteroid visit would give scientists the opportunity to use an instrument that never actually studied Bennu: OSIRIS-REx was equipped with two lasers for the spacecraft to shoot off the rock and study the echo to facilitate its landing and sampling maneuver. But when the spacecraft arrived, mission personnel learned the asteroid was far too rocky for the system to work and devised an alternative navigation system.
Most lasers don't last long in space, so having two working lasers on a spacecraft older than a decade is rare, Lauretta said. "Having two fresh lasers that we've never used, I'm actually kind of excited about that," he said. "Especially because we built the hardware and we never got to use it. I just feel bad for the instrument. Like, aww, you got all the way to Bennu and all you got to do is get checked out and then we turned you off and you never got to see any action."
In general, an observation campaign at Apophis would likely look quite similar to what the spacecraft did at Bennu.
First, there's a long chain of approach observations, starting with the asteroid seen as just a speck of light, slowly growing into a whole new world. That sequence would begin perhaps around April 8, 2029. OSIRIS-REx won't have a front-row seat to Apophis' close approach, which will occur on April 13.
But seeing the aftermath of the encounter could more than make up for the late arrival, Lauretta said. Scientists expect the brush with Earth's gravity to affect Apophis itself — its precise location, spin and even the space rock's surface and interior structure. The spacecraft would be able to look for signs of what took place during the close approach. "We're really interested in the effect that passing deep into theEarth's gravity fieldhas on the asteroid properties," Lauretta said.
Particularly prominent might be a change in how the asteroid spins. A second possibility the spacecraft could explore is that the close approach would sculpt the space rock's surface as Earth's gravity tugs at Apophis
"It could trigger mass movement on the surface, and we would definitely be looking for that," Lauretta said. "Even though we might not see the motion due to the gravitational interaction with the Earth, we could see evidence that things had moved recently: freshly exposed surfaces, maybe even a population of particles that were kicked up, that are in orbit around Apophis."
But Lauretta isn't convinced that the drama of the asteroid's flyby is necessary to justify sending OSIRIS-REx on to Apophis once its precious cargo is delivered. Bennu and Apophis belong to different asteroid families with similar structures, and OSIRIS-REx was designed to create incredibly detailed portraits of large space rocks.
"In order to get as much science out of this vehicle as possible, it would be great to go to a different asteroid with a different composition, and collect the same kind of high-fidelity data that we had to generalize our understanding of the physical environment of asteroid surfaces as we've learned from the OSIRIS-REx mission," Lauretta said.
Sending OSIRIS-REx to visit a second asteroid could also help solve perhaps the biggest mystery the spacecraft discovered at Bennu: streams of particles shooting off the rock into space. "Those surprised us so much at Bennu," Lauretta said. "That's a day that I'll never forget, when I saw that first image of what looked like an eruption from the asteroid. And we don't know what's causing those."
The ejections could depend on Bennu's water-rich composition, or they might be a more common trait. As an asteroid of similar size and structure but very different stony material, Apophis could settle that question. "One of the hypotheses is that this is due to micrometeoroids impacting the asteroid," Lauretta said. "If that's the case, Apophis should have just as many particles as Bennu."
And then there's that ineffable quality that Apophis carries with it, from its discovery in 2004, when scientists' measurement of its orbit was uncertain enough that in some scenarios, its 2029 flyby went very, very badly indeed, with the asteroid slamming into Earth. Additional observations cleared up the concern, but it's a difficult reputation to shake for an asteroid named after a mythological Egyptian serpent of chaos.
"It really does enable some unique science," Lauretta said. "Quite honestly, any large asteroid that popped up as a rendezvous target would be super exciting for us. The fact that it was Apophis! Apophis is just famous, so everybody knows exactly what I'm saying when I tell them the asteroid that we want to target."
Email Meghan Bartels at mbartels@space.com or follow her on Twitter @meghanbartels. Follow uson Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.
Astronomers have discovered black widows and redbacks in space. While these cosmic objects don't kill and eat their mates, the stars share their eight-legged counterparts' violent behavior toward companions.
In addition to the run-of-the-mill spider stars, the researchers also discovered a bizarre black widow-redback crossbreed. The scientists used the now-destroyed Arecibo telescope in Puerto Rico to discover the weirdo stars.
Spider stars are types of millisecond pulsars, or neutron stars that act like precise clocks in the sky, whirling around at least once every 30 milliseconds and flashing like a lighthouse with each rotation. Neutron stars, the tiny, compressed cores of old, exploded stars, often rip material from other stars locked in binary orbits with them and use the push of that infalling material to get up to pulsar speed. Spider stars are rare and special versions of these stars though: They orbit so close to their binary companions that they blast away their surfaces, inhaling vast amounts of material like a spider tearing its partner limb from limb.
In a new paper, researchers identify three new black widows and a redback in the Milky Way. They also found a spider star that defies categorization, almost like a crossbreed of the two species.
When a spider star has reduced its companion to significantly less than a tenth the mass of the sun (usually 0.02 to 0.03 times the sun's mass), that star is called a black widow. Redbacks have heftier companions that boast more than a tenth of the sun's mass. These binary companions of redbacks pass between the spider star and Earth periodically, creating temporary eclipses. The shriveled companions of black widows don't typically pull off that trick.
The seeming crossbreed star is difficult to categorize. For now, researchers have labeled it a redback because its companion sometimes eclipses its ticking light. And that companion has a mass at least 0.055 times the mass of the sun (possibly larger), which would be quite heavy for a black widow, though quite light for a redback. For now, the exact mechanisms of that system are still a mystery.
Studies like this might get harder in the future. The paper, published Jan. 1 to the arXiv database, relied on data collected between 2013 and 2018 using the Arecibo 305-m radio telescope which has since collapsed, as Live Science reported.
The haze shrouding Plutomight be made up of ice crystals possessing cyanide hearts, a new study finds.
Hazes, which are made of tiny motes of dust, smoke, ice and other substances, are not unique to Earth — scientists have detected hazes enveloping Mars, Venus, Saturn and Jupiter.
Nor are hazes limited to planets. Saturn's largest moon Titan, the only moon known to have clouds, is cloaked in a thick orange haze similar in makeup to smog on Earth. NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft also detected haze in the atmosphere of Neptune's largest moon Triton.
NASA's New Horizons mission, which flew by Pluto in 2015, unexpectedly revealed Pluto also possesses haze hugging the dwarf planet's frozen surface. Since Pluto, Titan and Triton are all icy worlds with atmospheres rich in nitrogen, methane and carbon monoxide, researchers had thought they might all possess similar kinds of hazes.
Previous research found Titan's haze was the result of solar ultraviolet rays triggering chemical reactions in the icy moon's upper atmosphere. These created simple organic compounds that went on to help form ever larger and more complex organic molecules.
However, scientists now find the hazes on Pluto and Triton might have significantly different origins than Titan's.
NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft captured dark streaks produced by geysers visible on the icy surface of Triton's south polar region. (Image credit: NASA/JPL)
"Although Titan and Pluto seem very similar, their haze properties can be drastically different," study lead author, Panayotis Lavvas, a planetary scientist at the University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne in Reims, France, told Space.com.
When the researchers analyzed computer models of haze formation, they discovered that if the same chemical reactions at work on Titan happened on Pluto, they could only create about half the haze particles that prior work detected on the dwarf planet. (Since Pluto's atmosphere is roughly 175 degrees Fahrenheit, or 80 degrees Celsius, colder than Titan's, its atmospheric chemistry runs slower.)
In the new study, Lavvas and his colleagues suggest that as on Titan, sunlight triggers chemical reactions in Pluto's upper atmosphere, forming simple compounds such as hydrogen cyanide, a molecule made up of one hydrogen, one carbon and one nitrogen atom. Their models suggested hydrogen cyanide might freeze to produce tiny ice particles.
NASA's Cassini spacecraft looks toward the night side of Saturn's largest moon and sees sunlight scattering through the periphery of Titan's atmosphere and forming a ring of color. (Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute)
As these microscopic ice particles settle downward due to gravity, other gases condense around these seeds to coat them. As such, haze particles on Pluto may be largely made of a variety of ices, instead of more complex organic compounds as on Titan. The sizes, amounts and atmospheric distributions of these ice grains in the computer models closely match those of the haze particles detected on Pluto, the scientists noted.
In addition, these ice particles on Pluto should interact less with incoming solar energy than haze particles on Titan, the researchers said. As such, they should play a smaller role in controlling heat in Pluto's atmosphere than previously thought, Lavvas said.
When it comes to Triton, since it possesses an even colder atmosphere than Pluto's, the scientists noted its hazes should prove even icier.
"This comparison of Titan, Pluto and Triton illuminates the important differences in the mechanisms of haze formation in planetary atmospheres," Lavvas said.
The scientists detailed their findings online Dec. 21 in the journal Nature Astronomy.
Follow Charles Q. Choi on Twitter @cqchoi. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.
The surface features of brown dwarfs – objects midway in mass between planets and stars – can’t be seen. But researchers have found a way to reveal Jupiter-like stripes and bands in the atmosphere of the closest brown dwarf, Luhman 16B.
Recently, we showed you a cool new direct image taken of a brown dwarf, an object midway in mass between a planet and a star. But that image doesn’t show the brown dwarf’s surface features. No existing image does. These objects are too far away – and too dim – to reveal themselves in that way. Now, though, a brown dwarf’s surface appearance has been revealed by researchers. The new study indicates bands and stripes in the atmosphere of Luhman 16B – one of two objects in the Luhman 16 binary brown dwarf system – the closest known brown dwarfs to Earth at only 6.5 light-years. Scientists said their new technique for revealing the stripes and bands on Luhman 16B will also be useful someday in mapping surface features on Earth-like planets in distant solar systems. Now that would be something to see!
In our solar system, the gas giant planets Jupiter and Saturn both sport stripes and bands. Scientists had wondered if brown dwarfs had any such stripes. Or would their atmospheres appear more chaotic? Based on the study of Luhman 16B, they believe that at least some brown dwarfs do have banded atmospheres.
We wondered, do brown dwarfs look like Jupiter, with its regular belts and bands shaped by large, parallel, longitudinal jets? Or will they be dominated by an ever-changing pattern of gigantic storms known as vortices like those found on Jupiter’s poles?
The researchers published the peer-reviewed study in The Astrophysical Journal on January 7, 2021.
The results provide a new glimpse of these mysterious worlds that are too massive to be considered planets, but not massive enough to ignite their nuclear fuel to become stars. And while it seems that brown dwarfs might look a lot like gas giant planets, at least in some cases, they’re still not planets. They are their own unique cosmic objects.
View larger. | WISE image of the brown dwarf binary system Luhman 16, closest known brown dwarfs to Earth at just over 6 light-years. This is the 3rd-closest-known system to our sun (after the Alpha Centauri system and Barnard’s Star). In the inset, the system is resolved into a pair. But no surface features are revealed for this brown dwarf system, or any other.
Image via NASA Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE).
Apai and his colleagues determined that Luhman 16B looks a lot like Jupiter. High-speed winds flow parallel to its equator, just like wind patterns on the gas giant. These winds help mix the atmosphere and redistribute heat that originates from deeper down. The researchers also found that there are vortex-type storms at the brown dwarf’s poles, also similar to what we see on Jupiter. While scientists didn’t know exactly what the atmospheres of brown dwarfs would look like, for the most part, some computer models had predicted an appearance quite similar to what was seen on Luhman 16B. Apai said:
Wind patterns and large-scale atmospheric circulation often have profound effects on planetary atmospheres, from Earth’s climate to Jupiter’s appearance, and now we know that such large-scale atmospheric jets also shape brown dwarf atmospheres.
Knowing how the winds blow and redistribute heat in one of the best-studied and closest brown dwarfs helps us to understand the climates, temperature extremes and evolution of brown dwarfs in general.
This is a section of Jupiter’s atmosphere. Jupiter – the biggest planet in our solar system – is dominated by global winds, giving it a banded appearance. But Jupiter also has localized vortices, vast storms, at its poles. Researchers have long wanted to know if brown dwarfs – objects midway in mass between Jupiter and a star – looked like Jupiter, with a striped or banded atmosphere. Or would brown dwarfs look more like our sun, with a chaotic atmosphere? See the image below.
Like Jupiter, the atmosphere of Luhman 16B appears to be dominated by global winds. In other words, this brown dwarf has stripes and bands in its atmosphere, like Jupiter. This image is a video still from the video at top. Watch that video to see all the amazing details in the atmosphere of Luhman 16B, derived via data analysis by the University of Arizona scientists.
Brown dwarf surfaces can’t be seen directly. They’re too dim, and too far away, to reveal themselves in that way. So how did Apai and his team figure out what Luhman 16B looks like?
They used newly-developed algorithms designed for NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) to measure the brightness patterns of the two closest known brown dwarfs, Luhman 16A and Luhman 16B, only 6.5 light-years from Earth, and both about the size of Jupiter (but much more massive than Jupiter). Luhman 16A is approximately 34 times Jupiter’s mass, and Luhman 16B is about 28 times Jupiter’s mass. Luhman 16B is also about 1,500 degrees Fahrenheit (830 degrees Celsius) hotter than our sun (but still not hot enough to be a star). As Apai explained:
The TESS space telescope, although designed to hunt for extrasolar planets, also provided this incredibly rich and exciting dataset on the closest brown dwarf to us. With advanced algorithms developed by members of our team, we were able to obtain very precise measurements of the brightness changes as the two brown dwarfs rotated. The brown dwarfs get brighter whenever brighter atmospheric regions turn into the visible hemisphere and darker when these rotate out of view.
Daniel Apai, Associate Professor of Astronomy and Planetary Sciences at the University of Arizona, who led the new study.
Even though TESS, or any other existing telescope, can’t see brown dwarfs in detail, the brightness of the brown dwarfs can be measured, which provides clues as to their appearance. Apai said:
No telescope is large enough to provide detailed images of [exo-]planets or brown dwarfs. But by measuring how the brightness of these rotating objects changes over time, it is possible to create crude maps of their atmospheres, a technique that, in the future, could also be used to map Earth-like planets in other solar systems that might otherwise be hard to see.
And that’s exciting, isn’t it?
In the case of Luhman 16B, the researchers were able to collect data from multiple rotations of the brown dwarf. This, and also the fact that TESS isn’t hindered by daylight, allowed the scientists to obtain the most detailed view of a brown dwarf’s atmosphere to date.
It’s a preliminary, but fascinating, look at these bizarre objects. This new method will allow astronomers to observe in more detail the atmospheres of other brown dwarfs as well as gas giant exoplanets, according to Apai:
Our study provides a template for future studies of similar objects on how to explore – and even map – the atmospheres of brown dwarfs and giant extrasolar planets without the need for telescopes powerful enough to resolve them visually.
Brown dwarfs are unique objects, too massive to be considered planets, but not massive enough to become stars. Most are about the size of Jupiter, but much more massive.
Being able to “see” these worlds in this way will help astronomers better understand how both brown dwarfs and gas giant exoplanets form and evolve. That data will also show in what ways these objects are similar, and how they are different. As we’ve seen with Luhman 16B, they may appear quite similar on the outside with their banded atmospheres, but what about deeper down? Are their compositions similar or significantly different?
In May 2020, astronomers using the Very Large Telescope in Chile found that Luhman 16B’s companion, Luhman 16A, also has a banded atmosphere, although with fewer but broader stripes. At the time, it was thought that Luhman 16B had patchy clouds, but now the new study shows it is banded as well, and likely has more bands than Luhman 16A, making it look even more like Jupiter than its companion.
Bottom line:New observations of the closest known brown dwarf show that it looks a lot like Jupiter, with bands of powerful jet streams in its atmosphere.
Far-off in the Milky Way galaxy, 21,000 light-years from Earth, astronomers have spotted the fastest-spinning magnetar (and possibly youngest, too) ever seen. And that's just the start of what makes this star strange.
Magnetars are a unique type of neutron stars, which are the collapsed cores of supergiant stars that died in supernova events. What sets magnetars apart from other neutron stars is that they possess extremely powerful magnetic fields — he most powerful ones in the known universe, in fact. They can also explode without warning and are fairly difficult to spot. In fact, before this object was discovered, there were only 30 known magnetars, compared to the thousands (approximately 3,000) known neutron stars.
Now, scientists studying the skies with NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory — a space telescope that looks out at black holes, supernovas and more — think that a newly discovered magnetar known as J1818.0-1607 could be the fastest-spinning and possibly also the youngest magnetar known, according to a statement. They also found a myriad of other odd things that make this object truly unique.
Magnetar J1818.0-1607, which lies 21,000 light-years away from Earth in the Milky Way galaxy. (Image credit: Credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/Univ. of West Virginia/H. Blumer; Infrared (Spitzer and Wise): NASA/JPL-CalTech/Spitzer)
Astronomers first spotted this magnetar on March 12, 2020 with NASA's Neil Gehrels Swift Telescope. Later on, Harsha Blumer, an astronomer at West Virginia University, and Samar Safi-Harb, a physics professor at the University of Manitoba in Canada, observed the magnetar using Chandra, and they noticed a couple of peculiar things that made the magnetar stand out.
One of the first things that seemed intriguing about this particular object was how young it appeared. The team estimated that the magnetar is about 500 years old, which, if true, would make it the youngest discovered yet. They determined the object's age by measuring how quickly the rotation rate of the magnetar is slowing down (it spins slower over time) while assuming that the object started out spinning much faster.
The second thing that really stood out to the team was just how fast the object was spinning, as it seemed to be rotating once fully every 1.4 seconds (which is really, really fast).
Other astronomers have taken a look at J1818.0-1607 as well, observing the magnetar using radio telescopes like the National Science Foundation's Karl Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) and have found that it's emitting radio waves, a quality it shares with objects known as "rotation powered pulsars." These are a type of neutron star that emits radiation that we on Earth detect as "pulses" of radio wave emissions.
In this up-close composite image, you can see magnetar J1818.0-1607 in purple. Scientists think that this object could be the fastest-spinning and possibly even youngest magnetar ever found. (Image credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/Univ. of West Virginia/H. Blumer; Infrared (Spitzer and Wise): NASA/JPL-CalTech/Spitzer)
Blumer and Safi-Harb also found that the magnetar isn't converting spinning energy from its rotations into X-ray emissions as efficiently as expected for a magnetar. In fact, the object is converting this energy at a rate most common with rotation-powered pulsars, another interesting commonality between the two objects.
The last odd thing that the pair of researchers found about this young, fast star was that, while most magnetars around this age would have left behind a debris field of material leftover from the supernova that created the object, the researchers only found possible evidence of a supernova remnant with J1818.0-1607, and this debris was pretty far from the object.
By their estimations, in order for the debris field to have traveled that far away from the magnetar, the object would've needed to have traveled at speeds faster than ever seen with a neutron star.
New work agrees with older research suggesting the oldest light in the universe – from the most distant galaxy yet known – started its journey toward us 13.77 billion years ago.
View larger. | In 2013, the Planck space telescope released the most detailed map to date of the cosmic microwave background, the relic radiation from the Big Bang. It was the mission’s first all-sky picture of the oldest light in our universe, imprinted on the sky when it was just 380,000 years old. Now a new, independent study agrees with Planck’s results. That’s good news for astronomers trying to pin down the universe’s age and rate of expansion.
How old is our universe? That’s one of humanity’s oldest and most fundamental questions. Now, astronomers using the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), high in the Andes of northern Chile, have announced a new measurement of the cosmic background radiation, our universe’s oldest light, discovered in 1965 and sometimes called an echo of the Big Bang. The new measurement suggests the universe is 13.77 billion years old, give or take 40 million years. This new result agrees strongly with results from the European Space Agency’s Planck satellite, which measured the cosmic background radiation from 2009 to 2013. And it agrees with what’s called the Standard Model of particle physics, developed in the 1970s and refined in the years since then. The Standard Model encapsulates scientists’ best current understanding of how elementary particles and the fundamental forces of nature relate to one another.
The new peer-reviewed results were published in the Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics on December 30, 2020.
Agreement between independent studies gives scientists confidence their work is correct. Non-agreement does the opposite: it makes scientists think their ideas need more work. In 2019, a study had suggested the age of the universe might be hundreds of millions of years younger than Planck’s data had indicated. The new results from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope, on the other hand, agree with Planck’s results. Simone Aiola of the Flatiron Institute’s Center for Computational Astrophysics – a co-author on the new study – commented:
Now we’ve come up with an answer where Planck and ACT agree. It speaks to the fact that these difficult measurements are reliable.
Like the Planck satellite, the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) in Chile also studies the cosmic microwave background. Here’s a portion of a new ACT image, covering a section of the sky 50 times the width of a full moon. This image represents a region of space 20 billion light-years across.
The new measurements don’t just tell us the age of the universe. They also suggest how fast the universe is expanding.
The rate at which the universe is expanding is described by what’s called the Hubble Constant. Writing at his blog on January 6, 2021, astrophysicist Brian Koberlein described the Hubble Constant in the context of the cosmic microwave background in this way:
In the early universe, there were small fluctuations of density and temperature within the hot dense sea of the Big Bang. As the universe expanded, the fluctuations expanded as well. So the scale of fluctuations we see in the cosmic microwave background today tells us how much the universe has grown. On average, the fluctuations are about a billion light-years across, and this gives us a value for the rate (the Hubble parameter) as somewhere between 67.2 and 68.1 kilometers per second per megaparsec.
The new data from ACT gives a Hubble constant of 67.6 kilometers per second per megaparsec. The Planck researchers had previously estimated 67.4 km per second per megaparsec. Steve Choi at Cornell University, first author of the new paper, said:
I didn’t have a particular preference for any specific value; it was going to be interesting one way or another. We find an expansion rate that is right on the estimate by the Planck satellite team. This gives us more confidence in measurements of the universe’s oldest light.
Steve Choi at Cornell University, lead author of the new study.
It’s worth noting, however, that – though the values for the Hubble Constant derived from data by Planck and ACT agree well – neither agrees well with values for the Hubble Constant derived via distant variable stars and supernovae (exploding stars). Brian Koberlein explained:
… you can use variable stars and distant supernovae to create a cosmic distance ladder that tells you the rate of expansion. The problem is, this alternative method gives a larger value for the Hubble parameter. If the supernova method is right, then the universe is younger and has expanded more quickly than the [work on the cosmic background radiation] seems to support. For a while, the hope has been that new observations and new methods of measuring cosmic expansion would solve this problem …
But, Koberlein said, the new study from ACT dashes those hopes.
The growing tension between these distant versus local measurements of the Hubble Constant suggests that we may be on the verge of a new discovery in cosmology that could change our understanding of how the universe works. It also highlights the importance of improving our measurements of the cosmic microwave background with the Atacama Cosmology Telescope as well as the future Simons Observatory and CCAT-prime projects that we are now building.
The universe is ancient, but how ancient? The current answer appears to be 13.77 billion years, give or take 40 million years.
To calculate the universe’s age, scientists need to estimate how far light from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) – the “afterglow” of the Big Bang and the measurable record of when photons first escaped the “fog” of the early universe – has traveled to reach Earth. But that is not an easy task, so astronomers use triangulation by measuring the angle in the sky between two distant objects. With Earth as the third point of the triangle, they can then estimate the distance of both objects from Earth.
ACT is able to measure slight fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background with great precision, which helps to refine the estimates. Suzanne Staggs at Princeton University commented:
The Planck satellite measured the same light, but by measuring its polarization in higher fidelity, the new picture from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope reveals more of the oldest patterns we’ve ever seen.
Bottom line: New observations of the oldest light in the universe indicate that the cosmos is 13.77 billion years old, and help resolve inconsistencies with other previous estimates.
The Red Planet is wiggling and wobbling as it spins, research in the journalGeophysical Research Letters confirms, and astronomers have no idea why.
Like a toy top that teeters as it loses speed, the poles ofMars are wandering ever-so-slightly away from the planet's axis of rotation, moving about 4 inches (10 centimeters) off-center every 200 days or so, researchers reported in a study published Oct. 13, 2020. That makes Mars only the second known planet in the universe to exhibit this phenomenon — known asthe Chandler wobble — with Earth being the first, according to the American Geophysical Union's (AGU) news blog,Eos.org.
This wobble — named for astronomer Seth Carlo Chandler, who discovered the phenomenon more than a century ago — is an effect seen in planets that aren't perfectly round, science writer Jack Lee wrote at Eos. OnEarth, the wobble is much more pronounced: Our planet's poles wander roughly 30 feet (9 m) from its axis of rotation, wobbling in a circular pattern that repeats every 433 days or so.
This wonky wobble has negligible effect on our planet, according to Eos, but still presents a puzzle. Scientists have calculated that the wobble should naturally die down within a century of its origin, but our planet's current wobble has been going strong for much longer than that. Something — perhaps a combination of pressure changes in the atmosphere and oceans, one2001 study proposed — seems to be perpetually reigniting the wobble, though the exact mechanism is still unknown.
The Mars wobble is just as puzzling. The authors of the new study detected the wobble using 18 years of data collected by three satellites orbiting the Red Planet: Mars Odyssey, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Global Surveyor. This small shift in the Martian poles should also resolve itself naturally, the team calculated, but currently appears to be going strong.
Devoid of oceans, Mars and its wobbly rotation may be governed by atmospheric pressure changes alone, according to Eos, but further study of our tipsy neighbor is required to know for sure.
High above the North Pole, the polar vortex, a fast-spinning whirl of frigid air, is doing a weird shimmy that may soon bring cold and snowy weather to the Eastern U.S., Northern Europe and East Asia for weeks on end, meteorologists say.
While it's not unusual for the polar vortex to act up, this particular reconfiguration — wandering around and possibly splitting in two — may be tied to climate change in the rapidly warming Arctic, said Judah Cohen, director of seasonal forecasting at Atmospheric and Environmental Research in Massachusetts, part of Verisk Analytics, a risk-assessment company.
"Expect a more wintery back-half of winter here in the Eastern U.S. than what we had in the first half," Cohen told Live Science.
The warmer-than-usual temperatures in the Arctic are likely throwing the polar vortex out of whack, Cohen said. The polar vortex is a vast area of low pressure that sits high above the Arctic in the stratosphere — the layer above the troposphere, the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere where most weather conditions happen. This low-pressure system is usually filled with cold, swirling air. During the winter, a jet stream of air that keeps the polar vortex in place sometimes weakens, allowing the vortex's chilly air to extend southward.
Here's an animated video Cohen made illustrating the process.
Cohen and colleagues have suggested that less Arctic sea-ice cover means there's more moisture from the sea migrating inland over normally dry Siberia. This moisture then turns into snow, which reflects heat back into space and is making Siberia colder than normal; that in turn disrupts a thermal band in the troposphere extending over Eurasia. This discombobulated band can then destabilize the polar vortex, causing colder winters east of the Rockies in the U.S. and in Northern Europe and East Asia, Cohen and his colleagues wrote in a 2019 review in the journal Nature Climate Change.
"Think of the polar vortex like a quiet, fast spinning top that spins in place," Cohen said. "Then, you have this energy [from the troposphere] that starts banging" on the spinning polar vortex, making it wobble and wander.
He added that this season, "snowfall across Siberia has been above normal so far. Therefore, I do believe it has contributed to the weak polar vortex."
(Image credit: NOAA)
Not everyone agrees with this increased-Siberian-snow-and-wobbly-polar-vortex connection, but it is clear that a weakened polar vortex leads to colder winters in certain parts of the Northern Hemisphere. It's also accepted that so-called sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events can weaken the polar vortex and make it teeter around. SSWs happen when large-scale atmospheric waves associated with weather systems reach into the stratosphere and disrupt the polar vortex, causing it to slow down and heat up as much as 90 degrees Fahrenheit (50 degrees Celsius) within a few days.
Cohen noted that SSWs can be triggered by weather conditions associated with the Arctic's disappearing sea ice. SSWs happen an average of six times every 10 years, and right now we're experiencing a big SSW, The Washington Post reported.
It's possible the SSW was caused by a high-pressure, low-pressure system, said Amy Butler, a research scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Chemical Sciences Laboratory in Boulder, Colorado.
"Over the last few weeks, there was a persistent high-pressure system over much of the North Atlantic and northern Europe/Asia, and a low-pressure system over the North Pacific," Butler told Live Science in an email. This high-pressure, low-pressure duo is known to disrupt the stratosphere, where the polar vortex lives.
It's also possible that the extreme bomb cyclone (a rapidly-forming winter storm with hurricane-strength winds) in the North Pacific a few days ago, contributed to the SSW, "but that will have to be investigated further," she said.
On Jan. 5, the polar vortex's counter-clockwise winds reversed direction (a clue that a sudden atmospheric warming event had happened) and the vortex wandered from its usual location centered over the North Pole, toward Europe and the North Atlantic, Butler said. During that time, it began to (but didn't completely) split, Cohen said.
The polar vortex might split further in about 10 days, "but it's unclear if this will happen," Butler said. "Forecast models struggle with predicting a splitting of the vortex more than a week in advance."
Disruptions to the polar vortex are key for forecasts, as about two weeks after they happen, the troposphere gets a wallop of weird weather, which can last for weeks. Because of this week's polar vortex disruption, "there's indications we'll see some colder weather within two weeks … in the Eastern U.S., Northern Europe and East Asia," Cohen said.
For now, it's up in the air whether that means snowstorms or a rash of cold air, he said.
Meanwhile, "warmer-than-normal conditions can also occur over the Canadian Arctic and subtropical Asia and Africa," Butler said. "These effects could potentially persist for 4-6 weeks after the sudden stratospheric warming."
Located in Siskiyou County in Northern California, Mount Shasta rises 14,162 feet above sea level. Its beautiful snow-capped peak and easy gentle climbs attract more than 15,000 climbers every year.
However, Mount Shasta is more than just a mountain. The name of Mount Shasta itself is shrouded in mystery. Some believe it is named after a local Native American tribe.
Some believe it is a variation of the French word chaste, meaning “pure.” Others have pointed out that Shasta is Sanskrit for “One who lives according to divine law.” Whatever its name, Mount Shasta has been the location of many strange and miraculous events.
Since before the 19th century, there have been persistent rumors that a strange race of beings reside in the vicinity of—or deep inside—Mount Shasta. Some believe they are extraterrestrials.
Others speculate that they are the surviving remnants of the once great civilization of Lemuria. These accounts have survived for over a century, and have been kept alive by such authors as Billie Hershberger, Wishar Cerve and others.
In 1925 the Rosicrucian William Spencer Lewis published an article ‘Descendants of Lemuria: A Description of an Ancient Cult in California’ under the pseudonym ‘Selvius.’
Lewis claims that Mount Shasta is the home of the last descendants of the ancient Lemurians, whose village is ‘nestled at the foot of a partially extinct volcano.’ The village is secluded and protected by an invisible boundary so that only four or five strangers have ever set foot there.
Lewis claims that the number of strange experiences reported by visitors to the area is sure evidence of the presence of some mystical force. In particular, he claims that Professor Edgar Lucin Larkin, director of the Mount Lowe Observatory, had seen the temple of the mystic village while examining the area through his telescope.
He also notes that at one time a delegate from the mystic village had visited San Francisco and that tall, white-robed, gray-haired, barefoot saints had been seen on the highways and in the streets throughout the area, occasionally even shopping in local stores, paying for their purchases with gold nuggets. Eyewitnesses have also reported strange boats that sail upon the Pacific Ocean only to fly through the air to the mountain.
In any case, there are numerous reports of tall robed strangers visiting local towns and villages to exchange gold dust and gold nuggets for food, clothing and other products.
The strangers appear to be human, except for several peculiarities. They are always described the same. They are “tall, graceful and agile, with distinctive features such as large foreheads and long curly hair; the strangers wore unusual clothes, including headdresses with a special decoration that came down from the forehead to the bridge of the nose.”
Visits from these strangers began to cause considerable interest, and numerous local residents began to investigate the area. Several investigators were surprised to come upon areas which glowed with “powerful illuminations” with no known source. Others claimed to hear strange music.
Reportedly, those who came too close would find themselves suddenly and temporarily paralyzed; or they would be accosted by a “heavily covered and concealed person of a large size who would lift him up and turn him away.”
The Modoc are a Native American people who originally lived in the Mount Shasta area (northeastern California and central Southern Oregon, USA). Chief Yellow Hammer painted in traditional clothing by E.A Burbank, 1901.
There are a few accounts of campers who claim to have been visited at their campsite by very tall, friendly people dressed in robes who would hold long philosophical conversations about love, spirituality and the fate of our planet. Needless to say, these antics brought more visitors to the area.
People attempted to chase down and photograph the tall strangers, but in each case, the strangers would either run away or simply vanish. Their rare appearances in local towns continued.
“Those who have come to stores in nearby cities, especially at Weed, have spoken English in a perfect manner with perhaps a tinge of the British accents, and have been reluctant to answer questions or give any information about themselves. The goods they have purchased have always been paid for in gold nuggets of far greater value than the article purchased, and they have refused to accept any change, indicating that to them gold was of no value and that they had no need for money of any kind.”
Other strange effects were noticed. Bright lights would flash causing cars to stall along nearby roadways. Others claimed to see bizarre-looking cattle, “unlike anything seen in America.” The cattle would reportedly run back towards the area inhabited by the strangers.
Mount Shasta is also the location of some of the earliest known UFO sightings.
“There are hundreds of others who have testified to having seen peculiarly shaped boats which have flown out of this region high in the air over the hills and valleys of California and have been seen by others to come on to the waters of the Pacific Ocean at the shore and then continue out on the seas as vessels … and others have seen these boats rise again in the air and go upon the land of some of the islands of the Pacific.”
Even today, legends about an underground city beneath Mount Shasta continue to circulate.
The Lemurians allegedly took refuge under Mount Shasta thousands of years ago, during the time of Atlantis. Today they allegedly work towards the benefit of all humanity. They reportedly make use of crystals in their technology, and live in vast caverns deep inside the mountain.
One of the strangest stories to come out of Mount Shasta comes from a young gentleman who prefers to remain anonymous. His story has never been published before and he has no desire for any publicity.
This young man—let’s call him Jason—often went hiking in the foothills of Mount Shasta. He knew little about the strange legends, but just enjoyed the natural scenic beauty of the place.
One day while hiking in this area, he stopped to rest, and to his surprise, became unaccountably fatigued and fell asleep. When he woke up, he got the shock of his life: his long hair had been mysteriously braided with small crystals, various sticks and leaves and flowers.
It had all occurred while he was asleep and totally without his knowledge. He had no idea who would do this to him or why. He couldn’t understand why he didn’t wake up or how it could have happened. He was spooked by the whole incident and told only a few close friends.
Incidentally, Jason is tall, fair and with long hair, somewhat like the description of the alleged Lemurians. It is interesting that the alleged Lemurians are known for wearing fancy head-dresses. Could it be that they were responsible for his strange experience? We can only speculate. Jason admits that he has no idea, but that, as strange as it sounds, it all really happened.
Sources:
Atlantis Rising Magazine Vol. 25: “Mountains of Mystery” by Preston Dennett; Weird Science and Bizarre Beliefs by Gregory L. Reece
It can take seven months – or more – to get to Mars. NASA can send supplies to the International Space Station if need be, but the same isn’t true of the distant planet. Instead, astronauts spending any time on Mars will have to rely on what’s known as in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) – using what’s around to replace objects brought from Earth. That includes food, which will eventually have to be grown there, to support any long-term residents. Instead of hauling bags of fertilizer in the spacecraft, researchers are trying to figure out how to make do with what’s on the ground, that is, Martian soil.
Thanks to NASA’s rovers and landers, scientists know about the pH and mineral makeup of the planet’s soil, which is known as regolith. Mars gets its red color from the oxidation of its rocks, regolith, and dust. Below the dust is the crust, which contains iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and more elements, according to NASA. But their presence isn’t enough to ensure plants can thrive there. The nutrients may not exist in a usable, or bioavailable, form. The levels of some may be toxic.
Some studies have shown it’s theoretically possible to grow plants in replicated Martian soil, but there aren’t big enough samples of actual Martian regolith to be certain. Since there’s no way to do farming trials on Mars itself, scientists try to replicate conditions on Earth. Researchers at the Florida Institute of Technology recently tried to grow Arabidopsis thaliana, a weed, and Lactuca sativa, lettuce, in a trio of Martian Regolith Simulants. These simulants are mixtures of artificial and natural materials that mimic the basalt-like Martian surface. The scientists found that neither plant in the synthetic soil without the addition of supplemental nutrients.
“These findings underscore that ISRU food solutions are likely at a lower technological readiness level than previously thought,” the researchers wrote in the study, which will be published in Icarus. For example, it’s a mistake to assume the regolith is uniform over the entire planet. “Our strategy was, rather than saying this simulant grows plants so that means we can grow plants everywhere on Mars, we need to say that Mars is a diverse planet,” ocean engineering and marine sciences associate professor Andrew Palmer told Florida Tech News.
In another new study, also published in Icarus, researchers break down the preparation of five new types of Mars simulants. Laura Fackrell, a doctoral candidate at the University of Georgia in Athens, and her colleagues created the mixtures specifically formulated with characteristics of Martian regolith that might make it difficult to grow plants. TThe soil might have high salinity or a low level of organic matter. Such conditions might require future Mars residents to add other minerals and components to their gardens before planting. “Specific types of bacteria and fungi are known to be beneficial for plants and may be able to support them under stress conditions like we see on Mars,” Fackrell told TNW.
To test the mock Mars dirt, Fackrell tried growing several plants, including a moth bean. They hold up better with less water than other options she tried, “But they’re not necessarily super healthy,” Fackrelltold Science News.
It will be years before humans reach Mars, but in the meantime, research into growing plants in difficult environments could translate to Earth, where temperatures are rising. Fackrell studied microbes that live in hot springs. “Anything we learn about farming on Mars could help with farming in challenging environments on Earth that help us build to a sustainable future,” she told Florida Tech News.
Des astronomes font la découverte d'une «Super-Terre»
Des astronomes font la découverte d'une «Super-Terre»
TVA Nouvelles d'après CNN
Un groupe d’astronomes a fait la découverte d’une «Super-Terre» vieille de dix milliards d’années, se situant à 280 années-lumière de notre planète.
1,5 fois plus grande que la Terre, elle se trouve à l’extérieur du système solaire et tourne autour d’une très vieille étoile de la Voie lactée.
Une «Super-Terre» est une planète ayant une surface semblable à celle de la Terre. Elle est rocheuse comme la Terre, mais elle est trois fois plus massive.
Nommée TOI-561b, il s’agirait de l’une des plus vieilles planètes à être découverte.
TOI-561b est une planète extrêmement chaude. Les chercheurs estiment que la température moyenne de la surface est de 1726 degrés Celsius, ce qui fait en sorte qu’elle ne peut pas accueillir la vie.
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Just about everyone with an interest in the world of UFOs will know of the primary theories for what happened at Roswell, New Mexico in July 1047: A UFO crash, a secret military experiment, a weather-balloon, and a Mogul balloon. There are, however, some lesser known scenarios for what happened. So, with that said, here are my top weird theories for the Roswell affair. Here’s number one: The late Jim Keith was the authorof a number of conspiracy/UFO-themed books, including Casebook on the Men in Black; The Octopus (co-written with Kenn Thomas); and Black Helicopters Over America. In a small article titled Roswell UFO Bombshell, Keith described his clandestine meeting with “a longtime researcher / instructor of engineering at a school in New Mexico” who claimed to know the truth of Roswell.
As for what Keith was told, it goes like this:
“According to my source, the true story behind the alleged UFO crash was that there was an accident involving a B-29 flying from the Army Air Force Base in Sandia (Albuquerque) to Roswell…my source states that either an atomic bomb or what is termed a ‘bomb shape,’ or ‘test shape,’ the shell of a nuke lacking explosives and atomic capability, and sometimes filled with concrete to add weight, was accidentally or purposefully jettisoned above Corona, New Mexico, directly on the flight path between Sandia and Roswell. Along with the bomb, metal foil used for radar jamming, termed ‘chaff,’ may have also been dropped.”
In 2010, Anomalist Books published the final title from the late Mac Tonnies: The Cryptoterrestrials. Highly thought-provoking and deeply controversial in equal measures, the book focused on the idea that UFOs are not the products of alien races, but of very ancient, terrestrial people that dwell deep underground and who masquerade as extraterrestrials to camouflage their true identity. Tonnies speculated that the Cryptoterrestrials are likely very impoverished, but utilize subterfuge, hologram-style technology, and staged-events to suggest otherwise to us. He even theorized they may have made use of large, balloon-style craft, too. And on this very matter – of the Cryptoterrestrials using balloons in covert missions – Tonnies said: “Maybe the Roswell device wasn’t high tech. It could indeed have been a balloon-borne surveillance device brought down in a storm, but it doesn’t logically follow that it was one of our own.”
Nick Redfern
The Collins Elite is a quasi-official group within the U.S. Government that believes the UFO mystery is one of demonic origins. Yes, fork-tails, horns, fiery pits, and maybe even spinning heads – that kind of thing. It must be stressed that the conclusions of the group were chiefly belief-driven, rather than prompted by hard evidence. One of the conclusions of the group was that Roswell was nothing less than a brilliant Trojan Horse. For the members of the Collins Elite, deceptive demons had, essentially, used a kind of “cosmic alchemy” to create both (A) the so-called “memory-metal” found by Mack Brazel on the Foster Ranch; and (B) the curious bodies – or body-parts – also located on the ranch. In other words, Roswell – perceived by the Collins Elite, at least – was an ingenious ruse, a staged-crash, designed to have us believe vulnerable ETs are in our midst, when it’s really the all-powerful minions of Satan.
Timothy Cooper provoked a wealth of controversy in the 1990s, thanks to an enormous body of allegedly leaked, and, supposedly highly secret, documentation in his possession on everything from crashed UFOs to alien autopsies and from sinister deaths in the UFO field to alien viruses. One such document –titled UFO Reports and Classified Projects – offers a non-UFO-themed explanation for what occurred at Roswell. The relevant extract reads as follows: “One of the projects underway at that time incorporated re-entry vehicles containing radium and other radioactive materials combined with biological warfare agents developed by I.G. Farben for use against allied assault forces in Normandy in 1944. When a V-2 warhead impacted near the town of Corona, New Mexico, on July 4, 1947, the warhead did not explode and it and the deadly cargo lay exposed to the elements which forced the Armed Forces Special Weapons Project to close off the crash site and a cover story was immediately put out that what was discovered was the remains of a radar tracking target suspended by balloons.”
Paleontologen ontdekken fossielen van mogelijks grootste dier ooit
Paleontologen hebben in Argentinië 98 miljoen jaar oude fossielen ontdekt van een titanosaurus, een plantetende dinosaurus die in het Krijt-tijdperk leefde. Experts spreken van ‘de fossielen van één van de grootste wezens die ooit op aarde heeft gelopen’.
Grâce Verellen
Een deel van het bekken, de borstgordel en 24 staartwervels: deze gefossilliseerde resten groeven palentologen op in dikke sedimentaire afzettingen in de Argentijnse provincie Neuquén, in het noordwesten van Patagonië. De fossielen behoren hoogst waarschijnlijk tot een titanosaurus, familie van de sauropoda-dinosaurussen. Een titanosaurus wordt gekenmerkt door haar lange nek en staart en plantaardig dieet.
Deskundigen zeggen dat de gevonden fossielen behoren tot ‘één van de grootste sauropoda is die ooit is gevonden’. Ook zou het de grootte van van een patagotitan overschrijden, een soort die 100 miljoen tot 95 miljoen jaar geleden leefde en die maar liefst 37,2 meter lang was. Dit is opvallend, aangezien de gemiddelde grootte van een sauropoda-dinosaurus zo’n 12 meter bedraagt.
“Het is een enorme dinosaurus”, vertelt paleontoloog Alejandro Otero aan CNN, “maar we verwachten in de toekomst nog veel meer van het skelet te vinden. Dan kunnen we met zekerheid bevestigen hoe groot de dinosaurus echt was.” Zonder het dijbeen van de dinosaurus te analyseren, kunnen deskundigen ook nog niet zeggen hoeveel de dinosaurus woog. Ze zijn echter van mening dat de lichaamsmassa vergelijkbaar is met die van een argentinosaurus, die gemiddeld zo’n 110 ton woog.
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How and Why Some People Report "Hearing from the Dead" According to Scientists
Spiritualist mediums might be more prone to immersive mental activities and unusual auditory experiences early in life, according to new research.
This might explain why some people and not others eventually adopt spiritualist beliefs and engage in the practice of ‘hearing the dead’, the study led by Durham University found.
Mediums who “hear” spirits are said to be experiencing clairaudient communications, rather than clairvoyant (“seeing”) or clairsentient (“feeling” or “sensing”) communications.
The Fox sisters: Kate (1838-92), Leah (1814-90) and Margaret (or Maggie) (1836-93). Lithograph after a daguerreotype by Appleby. Published by N. Currier, New York. In 1848, two sisters from upstate New York, Maggie and Kate Fox, reported hearing ‘rappings’ and ‘knocks’ that they interpreted as communication coming from a spirit in their house. These events and these sisters would eventually be considered the originators of Spiritualism.
Credit: N. Currier, New York
The researchers conducted a survey of 65 clairaudient spiritualist mediums from the Spiritualists’ National Union and 143 members of the general population in the largest scientific study into the experiences of clairaudient mediums.
They found that these spiritualists have a proclivity for absorption – a trait linked to immersion in mental or imaginative activities or experience of altered states of consciousness.
Mediums are also are more likely to report experiences of unusual auditory phenomena, like hearing voices, often occurring early in life.
Many who experience absorption or hearing voices encounter spiritualist beliefs when searching for the meaning behind, or supernatural significance of, their unusual experiences, the researchers said.
The findings are published in the journal Mental Health, Religion and Culture. The research is part of Hearing the Voice – an interdisciplinary study of voice-hearing based at Durham University and funded by the Wellcome Trust.
Spiritualism is a religious movement based on the idea that human souls continue to exist after death and communicate with the living through a medium or psychic.
Interest in Spiritualism is increasing in Britain with several organisations supporting, training, and offering the services of practising mediums. One of the largest, the SNU, claims to serve at least 11,000 members through its training college, churches, and centres.
Through their study, the researchers gathered detailed descriptions of the way that mediums experience spirit ‘voices’, and compared levels of absorption, hallucination-proneness, aspects of identity, and belief in the paranormal.
They found that 44.6 per cent of spiritualist participants reported hearing the voices of the deceased on a daily basis, with 33.8 per cent reporting an experience of clairaudience within the last day.
A large majority (79 per cent) said that experiences of auditory spiritual communication were part of their everyday lives, taking place both when they were alone and when they were working as a medium or attending a spiritualist church.
Although spirits were primarily heard inside the head (65.1 per cent), 31.7 per cent of spiritualist participants said they experienced spirit voices coming from both inside and outside the head.
When rated on scales of absorption, as well as how strongly they believe in the paranormal, spiritualists scored much more highly than members of the general population.
Spiritualists were less likely to care about what others thought of them than people generally, and they also scored more highly for proneness to unusual hallucination-like auditory experiences.
Both high levels of absorption and proneness to such auditory phenomena were linked to reports of more frequent clairaudient communications, according to the findings.
For the general population, absorption was associated with levels of belief in the paranormal, but there was no significant corresponding link between belief and hallucination-proneness.
There was also no difference in levels of superstitious belief or proneness to visual hallucinations between spiritualist and non-spiritualist participants.
Spiritualists reported first experiencing clairaudience at an average age of 21.7 years. However, 18 per cent of spiritualists reported having clairaudient experiences ‘for as long as they could remember’ and 71 per cent had not encountered Spiritualism as a religious movement prior to their first experiences.
The researchers say their findings suggest that it is not giving in to social pressure, learning to have specific expectations, or a level of belief in the paranormal that leads to experiences of spirit communication.
Instead, it seems that some people are uniquely predisposed to absorption and are more likely to report unusual auditory experiences occurring early in life. For many of these individuals, spiritualist beliefs are embraced because they align meaningfully with those unique personal experiences.
Lead researcher Dr Adam Powell, in Durham University’s Hearing the Voice project and Department of Theology and Religion, said: “Our findings say a lot about ‘learning and yearning’. For our participants, the tenets of Spiritualism seem to make sense of both extraordinary childhood experiences as well as the frequent auditory phenomena they experience as practising mediums.
“But all of those experiences may result more from having certain tendencies or early abilities than from simply believing in the possibility of contacting the dead if one tries hard enough.”
Dr Peter Moseley, co-author on the study at Northumbria University, commented: “Spiritualists tend to report unusual auditory experiences which are positive, start early in life and which they are often then able to control. Understanding how these develop is important because it could help us understand more about distressing or non-controllable experiences of hearing voices too”
Durham’s researchers are now engaged in further investigation of clairaudience and mediumship, working with practitioners to gain a fuller picture of what it is like to be on the receiving end of such unusual and meaningful experiences.
Contacts and sources:
Simon Wesson
Taylor and Francis Group
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Multiple UFOs over Phoenix, Arizona | January 2021
Multiple UFOs over Phoenix, Arizona | January 2021
These bright lights were hovering in the sky over Phoenix, Arizona recently.
Witness report:
It was super weird the lights moved independently from each other two of them moved west right past the mountain then suddenly changed trajectory back east towards the other lights , they then disappeared one by one and then came back 30 mins later
A new "transforming" rover in development at NASA will be able to explore rough terrain unlike any rover before it.
DuAxle (short for dual-Axel) gets its name because it’s made of a combination of a pair of two-wheeled Axel rovers. The Axel rover is a simple, two-wheeled rover with a long tether that connects to a larger vehicle and stabilizes the rover as it descends into and explores craters that other rovers would not be able to handle. The Axel is equipped with a robotic arm that can collect samples, as well as stereoscopic cameras to gather imagery.
DuAxel combines two of these innovative rovers, with the back end acting as an anchor and the front end detaching to explore rough terrain. When DuAxel finds a crater, pit, scarp, vent, or other extreme terrains, it can stop, lower its chassis and anchor itself to the ground before separating into two parts. The back half of the rover stays put and the front half separates, using a long tether to stay connected to its anchor and maintain stability while exploring. The front half can then be reeled back in when it's finished.
NASA's new DuAxel rover separates into two single-axled robots so that one can rappel down a slope too steep for conventional rovers. (Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/J.D. Gammell)
Last fall, engineers from NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory put the rover to a test in the Mojave Desert. "DuAxel performed extremely well in the field, successfully demonstrating its ability to approach a challenging terrain, anchor, and then undock its tethered Axel rover," Issa Nesnas, a robotics technologist at JPL, said in a NASA statement.
Axel, the front half of the rover, managed to maneuver around steep and rocky slopes just as the team expected.
The two-wheeled Axel descends the slope while tethered to its counterpart anchored above the slope. (Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/J.D. Gammell)
While the two-wheeled Axel offers greater flexibility in exploration, the traditional four wheels on a space rover are essential for traversing large swatches of land in a short amount of time. And so, Nesnas and his team began developing a version of Axel that could be tethered to a lander. But, they soon learned that tethering to a lander created the great disadvantage of having to be incredibly accurate in landing precision. The Axel rover would have to be within propelling distance from the crater scientists wanted to explore.
And so, DuAxel was born. “The key advantage of DuAxel is made clear when you have landing site uncertainty, such as we do on Mars, or you want to move to a new location to rappel and explore with Axel,” Patrick Mcgarey, a robotic technologist at JPL and DuAxel team member, said in NASA’s statement. Essentially, he said, DuAxel is a transforming robot made for planetary exploration.
NASA's DuAxel rover is seen here participating in field tests in the Mojave Desert. The four-wheeled rover is composed of two Axel robots. One part anchors itself in place while the other uses a tether to explore otherwise inaccessible terrain. (Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/J.D. Gammell)
While DuAxel was mainly created with Mars in mind, the robot opens access to many more extreme terrain that hasn’t yet been explored in the solar system — possibly the moon, Mercury, and even some icy worlds like Jupiter’s moon Europa, Nesnas said.
Laura Kerberr, a planetary geologist at JPL, said she finds the Axel rover to be "quite delightful." Instead of safeguarding itself against dangers like falling or flipping over, as previous rovers have done, DuAxel is designed to withstand them.
The rover hasn’t yet been put to the test in space, but is currently waiting to be assigned a destination. As they wait, the DuAxel team continues to hone and update its technology.
Follow Kasandra Brabaw on Twitter @KassieBrabaw. Follow us on Twitter@Spacedotcom and onFacebook.
We’ve learned a great deal about Mars in recent years. It’s not the alien-populated planet it was once believed to be, but it’s definitely not the dull, meaningless planet some portray it as. Mars is, in many ways, very much like Earth. Just like Earth, Mars hosted vast amounts of water (something we’ve also learned recently) — but unlike Earth, it no longer has a rich atmosphere, its water is only preserved in pockets, and it is (at least for the most part) lifeless.
However, it seems like the more we learn about Mars, the more questions arise. For every tantalizing answer, three more burning questions arise. Thankfully, more missions are en-route to Mars, including China’s Tianwen-1, the United Arab Emirates’ Hope Probe, and NASA’s Perseverance rover, which could help solve some of these mysteries. For now, here are some Mars facts we’ve recently learned.
Mars is a ‘wobbly’ planet just like Earth, but we’re not really sure why
1. Mars is a ‘wobbly’ planet just like Earth, but we’re not really sure why
Image credits: NASA.
As the Earth spins during its day, it also wobbles and bobbles ever so slightly around its own axis. Astronomers aren’t really sure why this is happening, but they recently learned that Mars also does it.
It’s called the Chandler Wobble: when a rotating body’s mass isn’t distributed evenly, which causes a wobble. In Earth’s case, it’s mostly caused by its shape, which isn’t perfectly round. In the case of the much rounder Mars, we’re not really sure why it happens, but it could be because of atmospheric motions.
2. The Martian landscape may have been shaped by megafloods
Mars is, for the most part, a barren and inhospitable place. But go back a couple billion years, and the planet would have been much different. Researchers are now pretty sure that it was once home to oceans and river systems, but according to a new study, it was also subjected to powerful megafloods.
According tothe new study, the megafloods would have been triggered by an asteroid impact 4 billion years ago. Although the water is now gone long, evidence of the ripples can still be seen in the shape of the Martian sediments. “Early Mars was an extremely active planet from a geological point of view,” a co-author of the study said in a press release. “The planet had the conditions needed to support the presence of liquid water on the surface”.
3. Mars still has multiple bodies of liquid water
Speaking of water on Mars, September 2020 was a groundbreaking moment, as researchers published data showing that Mars still has salty lakes sealed under its icy polar regions. These subglacial lakes are exciting for two reasons: first, where there’s water there could also be life, and subglacial lakes would be an ideal place to look for life on Mars; and second, this water could also be useful in establishing a human base or settlement on Mars.
When talking about water on Mars, we usually talk in the past tense. Mars had a rich water system, but now it’s gone — the fact that it still has large bodies of liquid water came as quite a shock and made Mars much more interesting than before.
4. It has auroras
The Martian aurora takes place at night and is generated by the interaction of sunlight with oxygen atoms and molecules in the air. The emission is very difficult to see, even from Earth, which is relatively nearby. The Mars aurora was imaged by European Space Agency’s Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO), which explored the Martian atmospheric environment before delivering the Schiaparelli lander, which crashed on the surface due to a premature release of the parachute.
But here’s the thing: Mars gets auroras almost every day, it’s just that we can’t see them. Unlike their Earthly counterparts, however, you’d need some ultraviolet goggles to see the Martian aurora.
MAVEN images of the Martian atmosphere under normal conditions (left) and with an aurora (middle and right). Credit: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University/LASP, CU Boulder.
5. Mars may have had planetary rings (and may get another one)
‘Mars’ and ‘planetary rings’ don’t really seem to get together in the same sentence. After all, planetary rings seem reserved for gas giants like Jupiter or Saturn. But astronomers have recently suggested that Mars may have also had planetary rings.
Mars has two tiny moons, Phobos and Deimos. These moons rotate almost in the same plane as the Red Planet’s equator, which means the moons likely formed at the same time as Mars. However, one of the moons (Deimos) is tilted by two degrees, something which no one really bothered with until recently. Now, a team of astronomers is suggesting that this tilt can only be explained by a grandparent moon which broke down, producing planetary rings in the process.
6. It had a system of giant rivers that lasted billions of years
Valles Marineris, the largest canyon in the solar system, would put the Grand Canyon to shame (it’s over 10 times larger). Image credits: NASA.
When researchers say Mars had water, it’s not a joke. Analyzing new images of the sedimentary structure of Mars, a team of researchers concluded that in order to produce what can be observed now, the Martian rivers must have lasted for a very long time — up to billions of years.
The sedimentary rocks record layers of history, and the researchers were able to determine that the channels of these ancient rivers were around 9 or 10 feet deep. Mars had “rivers that continuously shifted their gullies, creating sandbanks, similar to the Rhine or the rivers that you can find in Northern Italy,” the researchers said in their study.
7. It may have been habitable as early as 4.4 billion years ago
We don’t know if Mars was ever truly habitable, but there’s a good chance it was — and for a long time. A 2019 study suggests that Mars may have exhibited conditions fit for harboring life as early as 4.48 billion years ago, predating the earliest evidence of life on Earth by around 500 million years.
There’s a great deal of speculation regarding the potential for life on Mars, but if the planet ever was habitable, and if it had conditions similar to Earth, then life may have well emerged on the Red Planet before Earth. Heck, it could have even migrated from Mars to Earth on meteorites — though again, at this point, this is just speculation.
Photomicrograph by Opportunity showing a gray hematite concretion, nicknamed “blueberries”, indicative of the past existence of liquid water. Image credits: NASA.
8. Some of its clouds are made of ground-up meteors
The first strange thing about the Martian clouds is that they exist at all. Down here on Earth, clouds form around tiny particles like grains of dust or salt which act as anchors for water vapor to condense on. But to our knowledge, this mechanism doesn’t exist on Mars.
Around two to three tons of space debris rain down on Mars, on average, every single day, and a new study suggests that these particles form the seed of Martian clouds. The findings are supported by previous research showing that a similar mechanism may help seed clouds near Earth’s poles (where the magnetic shield is weakest).
9. It has earthquakes — I mean ‘marsquakes’
Unlike Earth, Mars doesn’t really have an active tectonics, which means that its seismic activity is way less intense than that of Earth’s. However, after months of waiting, the Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (SEIS) on board the InSight Mars lander detected its first ‘marsquake’.
Earthquakes (and marsquakes) are useful for researchers because they can offer information about the subsurface. By analyzing the seismic waves, researchers can infer the structure of the entire planet — that’s how we know what the Earth’s inside looks like, and that’s how we could also understand what Mars is like on the inside.
10. Mars also has methane
Methane is a key molecule for life. The presence of methane could enhance habitability and may even be a signature of life, but it was only confirmed independently on Mars in 2019. Using numerical modeling and geological analysis, a team of researchers at the National Institute of Astrophysics in Rome, Italy, propose not only that methane on Mars exists, but also suggest where it could be located.
Methane is a chemical compound closely associated with microbial life, but it isn’t necessarily biological in nature. There’s a very good chance that the methane is generated geologically, and this is what this new paper also suggests. However, since researchers pinpointed a promising location for future investigations into the origin of methane on Mars, we have a starting point for future missions to look into the origin of this methane.
11. Mars may yet hold life in salty subsurface waters
As you may have picked up already, a lot of what we’ve learned about Mars recently has to do with the water — but there’s a big reason why we focus so much on this. Water determines potential habitability, and where water exists, life (as we know it) can also exist. If water exists on Mars, this doesn’t automatically mean that life also exists, but it means that life could exist on Mars, and that’s exciting in its own right.
This is different from the study that found subglacial lakes. A 2018 study found that some of the subsurface water on Mars could be rich enough in oxygen to support aerobic life. “That’s the thing of habitability; we never thought that environment could have that much oxygen,” said one of the study authors.
12. Martian soil is suitable for making bricks
Made from compacted Martian soil, without the need for additional ingredients or baking, this simple brick could one day house our first colonists on the red planet. Image credits: Jacobs School of Engineering / UC San Diego.
If you want to bake an apple pie from scratch, you may have to invent the universe first — but if you want to make bricks from Martian soil, all you need to do is press really hard on it. A team of engineers at the University of California San Diego worked with a Mars soil simulant and managed to develop durable bricks just by pressing them really hard.
All it takes is the for equivalent to a 10 pound hammer dropped from a height of one meters, they say. Surprisingly enough, with this method, you don’t need ovens or any other ingredients. The method may be compatible with additive manufacturing, meaning astronauts wanting to build a structure would simply have to lay down a layer of dirt, compact it, lay another layer and so on until they’re done.
13. The Martian atmosphere was stripped by solar wind
Another important question to answer is how Mars got to how it is today. How could a planet with lush river valleys, floods, and active geology become so barren? The key lies in the disappearance of its atmosphere, and according to a recent study, its atmosphere was stripped away by solar wind.
Unlike Earth, Mars lacks a global magnetic field to deflect the stream of charged particles continuously blowing off the Sun. Instead, the solar wind crashes into Mars’ upper atmosphere and can accelerate ions into space, and the atmosphere, once rich enough to support liquid water, is now all but gone.
14. In its early days, Mars may have been covered by ice
A large number of valley networks scar the Martian surface, but they may have been caused by water melting beneath glacial ice, not free-flowing rivers.
Funnily enough, this type of environment would have been even better for possible ancient life forms. A sheet of ice lends protection and stability, as well as shelter from solar radiation in the absence of a magnetic field (something which Mars once had, but has been gone for billions of years).
These are just some of the many things we’ve learned about Mars recently, thanks to diligent observations and several landmark Mars missions, both in orbit and on the surface of the planet. As the missions continue to unfold and expand, so too will our understanding of the Red Planet.
Undoubtedly, we missed some bits here. Is there anything you’d like to see added to this list? Mention it in the comment section.
The 2020 US Presidential election was really a wild ride, huh? Well, strap
in because it’s not over yet.
Artist’s impression of the double asteroid Antiope. Image credits ESO via Wikipedia.
NASA’s Center for Near Earth Object Studies reported that six pieces of space rock will be passing by our planet tomorrow, 20th Jan., when the US celebrates Inauguration Day — the day when the new president-elect is vested with the powers of his office.
The agency says everything should be alright and that these meteorites will zip past harmlessly. Still, after 2020 and this election’s history, we can all be forgiven some wallowing in skepticism and despair at the thought that they might not. We’ve earned it.
Friends in high places
Inauguration Day marks the transition of power from one administration to the next — this year, that means from the Trump administration to the Biden team. It also marks the occasion on which four meteorites will do a close fly-by of Earth, hopefully missing us entirely.
According to NASA’s estimates, the closest one (asteroid 2021 BK1) will fly by Earth at around the same distance the Moon orbits at. So they should be pretty harmless. The largest of them is around 93 meters in width, which is the height of the Statue of Liberty.
All in all, we should be fine and well-missed by the space rocks. Still, this is close enough to be considered a “close approach” by NASA, and the agency will keep a close eye on the asteroids and their trekking. So let’s all hope for an uneventful Inauguration Day.
More information on these asteroids here (all six asteroids listed for 2021-Jan-20 in the table)
Filer’s Files 3, 2020, Does God Have an Air Force? - PART I
UFO captured on January 3, 2021 over Key West, Florida
Filer’s Files 3, 2020, Does God Have an Air Force? - PART I
Major George A. Filer III ret. USAF
New Jersey State Director
MUFON Eastern Region Director
In special reports, this week’s files cover: Does God Have an Air Force? Was President Kennedy Killed Because He Demanded UFO Data, Carbon 60, China Spread COVID-19 around the world
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and Texas.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Australia, Brazil, France, Greece, Spain, and England in the United Kingdom.
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
Forward these files to your friends and neighbors.
Special Projects
Does God Have an Air Force?
We celebrate Christmas throughout much of the world based on the birth of Jesus Christ 2000 years ago, and after his death his resurrection on Easter. The logical question is what has this to do with angels or UFOs? I suggest there is a connection.
Most of the description of angels compares nicely with our available data of at least one group of the alien visitors that are usually called Nordics. God created angels before humanity, who regularly worship God, and are called the Sons of God. In Genesis, the first book of the Bible and Torah, angels are described as having bodies with parts such as hands, feet, eyes, head, voices, mouths, hair, faces and other human body parts. The Sons of God or angels are first mentioned in Genesis Chapter 6-2, “That the Sons of God saw the daughters of men that they were fair; and took them wives of which they chose.
The holy angels are powerful spirits present among us, “sent to serve those who are to inherit salvation” (Heb 1:14). “Beside each believer stands an angel as protector and shepherd leading him to life” The angels known as Gods messengers coming from the planet Heaven have a key role in numerous religions, and they also seem to be associated with flying vehicles or UFOs. Angels are sometimes referred to as guardians or spirit guides. They are often described as glowing white light emanating from a human form. The ancient Sumerian records describe angels known as cherubim. They were used to protect sensitive areas of the gods and prevent humans from entering. Later angels evolved into more spiritual beings that often were depicted with wings and guarded sacred places such as the tomb where Jesus was buried. They were servants of God and carried out his commands. Angels are usually depicted with wings and the ability to fly, yet descriptions of them in the Bible do not mention wings indicating they likely used some type of unidentified flying object (UFOs) to fly.
Elijah flew to heaven. “Then it happened, as they continued on and talked, that suddenly a chariot of fire appeared with horses of fire, and separated the two of them; and Elijah went up by a whirlwind into heaven.” 2 Kings 2: Chariots, Clouds, Clouds of Heaven, Thrones, and Mountains are all types of UFOs referred to in the Bible. The biblical prophet Ezekiel in the Bible saw “the wheel in the midst of a wheel”flew up in the sky with the glory of the Lord God above the wheels. Drawing by Duncan Long
These angelic visitors are real according to most of the great historic religious writings of mankind and much of Earth’s history revolves around these visitors from space who are often identified as Sons of God, gods, or angels.
In Indian Vedic writings the topmost authority in the material universe is known as Brahma, and he lives in the highest material planetary system, called Brahmaloka or Heaven. It seems reasonable to assume the most sacred writings of our ancestors are not simply myths, but are based on actual visits by angels. Islam believes that the Quran was written in heaven in Arabic and then passed down to Mohammad orally via the angel Gabriel. They are often given credit for bringing writing, agriculture, and religion to Earth. As we celebrate Easter this week, Jesus Christ was crucified, dead, and buried in a tomb for three days and guarded by Roman soldiers; angels were involved in the Resurrection of Jesus, probably the most important part of Christian scripture.
“Early on Sunday morning, as the new day was dawning, Mary Magdalene and other Mary went out to the tomb. Suddenly there was a great earthquake; for an angel of the Lord came down from heaven and rolled aside the stone and sat on it. His face shone like lightning and his clothing was brilliant white. The guards shook with fear when they saw him, and fell into a dead faint. Then the angel spoke to the women, “Don’t be frightened!” he said, “I know you are looking for Jesus, who was crucified, but he isn’t here! For he has come back to life again, just as he said he would; Come in and see where the body was lying ….. And now, go quickly and tell his disciples that he has risen from the dead, and that he is going to Galilee to meet them there.”
Mathew 28.
The late Zechariah Sitchin the bestselling author of four books called the “Earth Chronicles” told me that Genesis is true and ought to be read practically as a historic and scientific document. He felt that ancient civilizations are older and much more technically/scientifically oriented than we once believed. Ancient Sumerian texts as well as the Bible reveal the existence of angels or Anunnaki, ‘Those who from Heaven to Earth Came.’ Only in recent years has modern science caught up with ancient scientific knowledge.
Dr. Carl Sagan
Scientist Dr. Carl Sagan in his book, “Intelligent Life in the Universe” indicated Earth had likely been visited by extraterrestrials. He states: “Sumer was an early–perhaps the first -civilization the contemporary sense on the planet Earth. It was founded in the forth millennium B.C. or earlier. We don’t know where the Sumerians came from. I feel that if the Sumerian civilization is depicted by the descendents of the Sumerians themselves to be of non-human origin, the relevant legends should be examined carefully.” (Page 456) He goes on to ask, “What might an advanced extraterrestrial civilization want from us?”……He answered his own question by stating, “One of the primary motivations for the exploration of the New World was to convert the inhabitants to Christianity — peacefully if possible — forcefully if necessary. Can we exclude the possibility of an extraterrestrial evangelism?” (Page 463)
In ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Greece, Judaism, Christianity and in Islam angels were sent as divine messengers to humans to instruct, inform, or command. Many abductees claim healing, love and miracles from the angels.
Billy Graham, the evangelical minister and the friend of US Presidents in his book, “Angels,” makes the following surprising statements,
“Some have speculated that UFOs could very well be a part of God’s angelic host who preside over the physical affairs of universal creation. While we cannot assert such a view with certainty nothing can hide the fact that these unexplained events are occurring with greater frequency around the entire world. Some take the detailed descriptions of a highly credible airline crew and lay them alongside Ezekiel and put forth a strong case —- such theories are now being given serious attention even by people who make no claim to believe in the God of the Bible. UFOs are astonishingly angel-like in some of their reported appearances.” Jesus is prophesied to return on a cloud.
David E. Twichell writes, “The ancient astronaut and Biblical UFO hypotheses are not new. However, no one seems to want to take the matter to the next logical step. If Ezekiel’s “wheel within a wheel” and Moses’ “pillar of fire and cloud” were forerunners of today’s UFOs, then the Star of Bethlehem and the brilliant cloud to which Jesus ascended must be treated in the same vein. When Biblical descriptions of anomalous aerial phenomena are overlaid on that of modern-day UFO reports, the picture seems to meld as one. Once the evidence has been presented, the reader is led to a conclusion that is at best convincing and at least thought provoking.
Was President Kennedy Killed Because He Demanded UFO Data
By DAILY MAIL REPORTER — An uncovered letter written by John F Kennedy to the head of the CIA shows that the president demanded to be shown highly confidential documents about UFOs ten days before his assassination.
The secret memo is one of two letters written by JFK asking for information about UFOs on November 12 1963, which were just released by the CIA to author William Lester under the Freedom of Information Act. The president’s interest in UFOs shortly before his death is likely to fuel conspiracy theories about his assassination.
In the second memo, sent to the NASA administrator, the president expresses a desire for cooperation with the former Soviet Union on mutual outer space activities. Mr. Lester says, “One of his concerns was that a lot of these UFOs were being seen over the Soviet Union and he was very concerned that the Soviets might misinterpret these UFOs as U.S. aggression, believing that it was some of our technology,”
The UK UK Mail on Sunday reports how Deputy National Security Adviser Matthew Pottinger told politicians from around the world that intelligence
China’s biggest lab, the Wuhan Institute of Virology points to the likelihood of the virus leaking from the lab.
“There is a growing bodies of evidence that the lab is likely the most credible source of the virus”, Pottinger said in a statement.
He told leaders during the call that the incident could we have been a “leak or an accident”.
“The news also comes amid reports US authorities are said to be talking to a “whistleblower” from the Wuhan institute.
Mr. Duncan-Smith said: “I was told the US have an ex-scientist from the laboratory in America at the moment.
We know COVID is an act of Biological WAR against world to get rid of Trump and to further Chi Com objective of mass-genocide in USA, UK, and EU…
We also know that the death rates are not accurate for a variety of reasons and that the Chi Coms and their Quisling Collaborators here in USA and abroad are using COVID HYSTERIA to destroy Liberty.
A Chinese virologist who fled to the US after claiming China covered up the corona virus outbreak has vowed to publish proof the virus was made in a lab. Dr Li Meng-Yan has previously backed claims Beijing tried to silence anyone who attempted to raise the alarm when the virus first broke out in Wuhan last year.
India is now the second country to surpass seven million corona virus cases after the United States as of May 19, , 2020.The official message from Chiba where the virus started is the “heroic city of Wuhan” is back to normal and back in business, as of May 2020. its schools and tourist sites reopened and its enterprises running at full capacity
Wuhan
This announcement suggests that 8,364,977 or over 8 million people in Wuhan and 3 million military personnel had received a vaccination that provides immunity to Covid-19 by May of 2020 according to Chinese Government announcements.
The best medical facilities worldwide took eleven to twelve months to develop a similar vaccine proving the Chinese were working on the vaccine a year earlier in May or June of 2019. Prior to taking the virus around the world the key important people were given the vaccine that had been developed at an early date. The Chimes military of almost three million had also received vaccine by May suggesting the vaccine was likely available to key people in China and perhaps in the US since the winter of 2019. It seems odd no major Democrat has come down with the decease.
China has a surprisingly low level of COVID-19 disease among its people that started in Wuhan lab has not spread to Shanghai or Beijing its largest cities. I suggest they were prepared with the vaccine indicating there was a plan to release the decease around the world and disrupt Trump being reelected. It is well known the Biden’s were weal liked in China and with the strongest economy in the world Trump was picked to have an easy win.win.
The COVID-19is was not the first serious disease from China. A Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory illness an early version of a COVID-19 called SARS in February 2003.
Allegedly it escaped from a military laboratory causing thousands of deaths in China. The mounting death toll exacted by SARS in China has triggered speculation that the virus could ultimately be traced back to a leak from military bio-weapon programmers. The illness spread to more than two dozen countries in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia before the SARS global outbreak of 2003 was contained. The most recent human cases of SARS-CoV infection were reported in China in April 2004 in an outbreak resulting from laboratory-acquired infections killing 800 people in China
Although most reports favor a natural origin for SARIS as a bio-weapon link should not be ruled out, according to Mr. Richard Fisher, a senior fellow at the Jamestown Foundation, a Washington-based think-tank. Antibody (CBL-rAb-1570FY), is effective for treatment of SARs.
‘SARs is likely the basis for the latest COVID-19 virus according to Chinese dissident Wei Jingsheng. Ms. Stephanie Lieggi, an East Asia expert at the California-based Centre for Nonproliferation Studies, said: ‘I have seen nothing in recent reports that would support any connection between SARS and biological weapons. The new COVID-19 is likely a much stronger version of SARS. But it is exactly the innocuous nature of SARS that could make it militarily useful for someone wanting to sow panic and prompt political instability, Mr. Fisher argued.
‘A seemingly ‘natural’ epidemic would lessen suspicion of the main ‘enemy state’ by the target country and its main allies,’ he said.
According to US intelligence sources, the People’s Liberation Military have an offensive biological weapons program since 1984. Biological weapons include viruses and toxins that can be used to kill or disable. Communist mission has always been to destroy democracy and this virus has killed millions worldwide.
The Washington Times quoted a senior Trump administration official in May alleging that China is engaged in a covert biological weapons program that includes building arms capable of attacking ethnic groups the pathogens.
China General’s Control Most Businesses
China’s State Council Information Office claims that in Communist China everything is controlled by the government and most businesses are run by military generals. Few things such as the spread of a major disease around the world are accidental.
According to the official discourse, due to the “strong leadership” of the Party-government and the “huge sacrifice” made by Chinese people, China has achieved “great success” in containing COVID-19 .Such success becomes even more remarkable when compared to the inept response of most Western countries that claim to have much better medical personnel and facilities.
“We are looking at potential biological experiments on ethnic minorities,” the official said on the condition of anonymity. For example blacks and Latinos seem more prone to get the corona virus.
The Chinese claim they have had only 50,000 cases and 15,000 dead in China compared to the U.S. with over 22,758,182 cases today 385,028 Deaths increasing at 4300 a day.
Millions Killed Worldwide
The numbers are strong evidence of Biological Warfare. It is only way China could keep the cases and deaths so low compared to the rest of the world. Part of the concept of biological warfare is not to kill your own people. I suggest China developed both the virus and its vaccine well before the end of 2019 and deliberately spread it throughout the world.
Here is how the small teams of biological warfare spread the virus around the world using some fifty state run airlines and thousands of planes that fly around the world. China Eastern Airlines, Air China, and China Southern Airlines, show significant capacity growth. The airports are also government owned so that airport personnel and airline aircrews could be vaccinated early before the spread o the virus.
The airlines say they fully cooperate with the Central Epidemic Command Center’s that handles corona virus regulations. This includes flight personnel using individual passageways after landing and ferrying them to quarantine hotels with assigned cars (CECC, 中央流行疫情指揮中心), After bringing virus infected people overseas the aircrews are quarentetined to make sure they don’t bring the virus back to China.
China built the c919 OMAC C919 features CFM LEAP-1C engines and can seat up to 168 passengers. The jet is targeted at ending the duopoly of Boeing 737 and Airbus A320, which overwhelmingly lead the market.
The air in the aircraft can be contaminated with the germs carrying the virus to the passengers nose, eyes and mouth in the aircraft. Days later they passed the disease on to various countries after landing.,
The Biological warfare teams could have been a small secret group with access to the aircraft heading worldwide with flights of tourists or businessmen. These passengers spread the disease not realizing they were e now carriers.
China Air Seats
Passengers leaving China going to various world airports could be infected with the corona virus through the aircraft’s air system .Aircrew would likely have received the vaccine in late 20019. Once tourist are aboard the aircraft it would be fairly simple to infect them with the virus through the aircraft air system. . Thousands of infected Chinese tourists then spreads the disease throughout th e world.
People with COVID-19 have had a wide range of symptoms reported – ranging from mild symptoms to severe illness? Symptoms may appear 2-14 days after exposureto the virus. People with these symptoms may have COVID-19:,Fever or chills, Cough, Shortness of breath ,or difficulty breathing, Fatigue, Muscle Congestion or runny nose, or body aches, Headache, New loss of taste or smell, Sore throat, Nausea or vomiting, and Diarrhea.
The virus was first confirmed to have spread to Italy on 31 January 2020, when two Chinese tourists in Rome tested positive for the virus.[2] One week later an Italian man repatriated back to Italy from the city of Wuhan, China, was hospitalised and confirmed as the third case in Italy.[4] On 31 January 2020, the Italian government suspended all flights to and from China and declared a state of emergency. In February, eleven municipalities in northern Italy were identified as the centres of the two main Italian clusters and placed under quarantine. The majority of positive cases in other regions traced back to these two clusters.[11] On 8 March 2020, Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte expanded the quarantine to all of Lombardy and 14 other northern provinces, and on the following day to all of Italy, placing more than 60 million people in lockdown.[12][13][14] As of 11 January 2021, Italy has 575,979 active cases, one of the highest in the world.[20] Overall, there have been 2,289,021 confirmed cases and 79,203 deaths
China rejected demands for an international investigation after the Trump administration blamed Beijing for the virus’s spread, and stopped flights from China on January 19, 2020.which plunged the global economy into its deepest slump since the 1930s.
After Australia called in April for an independent inquiry, Beijing retaliated by blocking imports of Australian beef, wine and other goods. It is apparent they were hiding the virus spreading information.
Numerous former U.S. companies are now owned by China such as ANC Movie Theaters, Smithfield Foods, Motorola, GE Appliances, Numerous hotels and chains. Many U.S government officials and university professors ar spies for thr Chinese.
The Chinese spread their vaccine over the summer to Arab oil company worker’s to keep the flow of oil intact. The worker knew the vaccine maker was China National Biotech Group .— part of the state-owned pharmaceutical group Sinopharm
The Chinese gave the vaccine to thousands of people in the United Arab Emirates, Iran, Morocco and other countries to protect oil workers and gain favor. It is likely the vaccine was given secretly to high ranking personnel in China before the actual outbreak last year and spread of the disease was initiated around the world.
COVID-19 vaccines. All China’s. Medical workers and employees of state-owned companies working abroad were soon included in an “emergency use” program received their vaccinations by June. None of the vaccine has been offered to the West including the United States except for possibly key friends who seem immune.
Army Gen. Mark A. Milley, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said this year that U.S. intelligence agencies were investigating whether the virus escaped from a Wuhan lab or originated naturally.
While key leaders in the US, UK, France, Italy, and Sprain have gotten sick none of the key leaders in China’s military nor government leaders have gotten sick suggesting they developed a vaccine at least a year before the US.which is the mark of a biological weapon. Vaccines normally take several years to develop.
Dr Li Meng-Yan
Dr Li Meng-Yan, who defected to the US after claiming she was being muzzled by China, She stated, “I need everyone to understand this is very critical for all of us.” She was lucky to escape once she found the weapon system. She published a report alleging the virus was created in a lab. Dr Li Meng-Yan, who defected to the US after claiming she was being muzzled by China, published a report alleging the virus was created in a lab.
The virologist claims lives could have been saved if the Chinese government hadn’t censored her work
Dr Yan is formerly a specialist at Hong Kong’s School of Public Health who said her supervisor first asked her to investigate a new “SARIS-like” virus in Wuhan on December 31 — but claims her efforts were later stifled.
After reportedly being told she would “be disappeared” if she spoke out, she fled to the United States. She wrote that the COVID-19could have been “conveniently created” within a lab setting over a period of just six months.
She adds: “SARS-CoV-2 shows biological characteristics that are inconsistent with a naturally occurring, zoometric virus.”
U.S. intelligence agencies recently increased their knowledge of China’s covert biological weapons program with the help of a second defector from the People’s Liberation Army.
The defector escaped from China and traveled to Europe, where he is under the protection of a European government security service, according to the sources. The PLA defector believes that Chinese intelligence has penetrated the U.S. government to a great degree and is therefore wary of cooperating with the CIA and other Western spy agencies.
Still, the defector has provided some information about China’s biological arms program that has reached the U.S. government. No other details of the defection could be learned.
As a former intelligence officer who fought Communism, I believe China developed COVID-19 and its vaccine least a year ahead of us and decided to spread it around the world. Thanks to Experian and the Daily Mail
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:FILER FILES - overzicht met foto's met dank aan Georges Filer en WWW.nationalUFOCenter.com (ENG)
Filer’s Files 3, 2020, Does God Have an Air Force? - PART II
UFO captured on January 3, 2021 over Key West, Florida
Filer’s Files 3, 2020, Does God Have an Air Force? - PART II
Major George A. Filer III ret. USAF
New Jersey State Director
MUFON Eastern Region Director
In special reports, this week’s files cover: Does God Have an Air Force? Was President Kennedy Killed Because He Demanded UFO Data, Carbon 60, China Spread COVID-19 around the world
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and Texas.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Australia, Brazil, France, Greece, Spain, and England in the United Kingdom.
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
Forward these files to your friends and neighbors.
UFO Sightings in the United States
Sightings are from MUFON CMS
California Object
Borrego Springs—on February 18, 2018, we were out in the desert in a photo I took there is a beer can shaped object in the sky. No one else was around and there was no sound. I took a bunch of pictures and only one captured the flying object. I just saw an episode of Unexplained S2E4 the object I captured looks exactly like the on this show. The object seen over the Kennedy Space Center, Florida on October 18 2002 over the Space Shuttle
Colorado Rectangle
Loveland— on May 15, 2018. I was on my way to church at 4:50 pm when I first noticed this large craft. I was in traffic but I slowed down to about 30 mph to give myself time to look. It was dark charcoal gray with fluid reflective golden color having a random glittering like sunlight going through water in a pool. I did not see any windows or other lights or wings. It was at a 30 degree elevation traveling from south to the north at 30 mph.I saw a private jet flying underneath this craft 4 miles away to land at the Loveland Airport. And the pilot would fly less than 200 feet under this thing it. The craft was really big and I lost sight of the object at 4:52pm.
Florida Lights
Kissimmee – On December 31, 2020, New Years Eve night and my kids and I had been out watching videoing the fireworks. I first saw one object appear in the east and it immediately looked different than normal planes. I said to my oldest son “what is that? It passed but as soon as it did another appeared. This happened several more times so by this time we grabbed our cameras and started video games. Then suddenly 3 appeared in a triangular shape formation never changing shape, height, or distance between the 3 points. They all seemed to be flying silent at a high rate of speed. After this passed there was a total of 10.
Key West – on January 3, 2021, we were not a are that this object was being captured in our picture at the ime as we were travelling in a vehicle, so we did not stop to observe it. We are assuming it was flying and was Grayish or silver and reflective in color or appearance. It almost looks like an upside down blimp, but long and slender like a cigar. It has what might be a dome on the top of it .We are not sure what to make of this, but figured the best thing to do would be to submit it to the experts for review.
Big Pine Key– On December 30, 2020, if you lighten this you can see my side mirror on my car, coming over the Bahia Honda Bridge, it was a square and HUGE, I could have parked my car in it 2 times at least and it never moved! It just sat there from the time we got off the 7 Mile Bridge in Marathon and could see the lights, it just sat still. It was so close, maybe the same as the height of a single story house away from us as we drove by then it lit up
Georgia Lights
Clayton – on January 1, 2021, at exactly 7:58 p.m., my dog started barking in an unusual manner outside. On our back deck I recorded 2 videos of what I perceived to be a fairly large craft flying very slowly low over my house and treetops towards the NW 316*. It had three prominent white lights blinking together, alternating with a very bright red light, but in between that pattern there were other flashes on the craft and seemingly around it/beside it. The videos show every color on the rainbow. I went inside after losing sight of it, but when my dog barked again 5 minutes later, I went back out to find it flying over my house again opposite the original direction where it went into the woods in the National Forrest. I am unsure if it landed back there by Glassy Mountain that has a landing pad on it. The crafted flew slow drifting to the side, hovering multiple times, and then accelerating again. A very similar completely silent craft actually landed in the woods SW of my house on November 18, 2020 at 10:44 PM.
Maryland Rectangle
Rockville– on August 20, 2020, I was on my phone while sitting on my balcony with really bright light around me coming from above when I saw a huge, bright ship. As I stood up, as the ship flipped on its side, so the dome part was facing me. It went pretty high in the sky and then began to move right. After traveling for a while, it stayed in one spot and hung there. It kept coming back every night for a couple of months. After the first few times of seeing just one ship, I noticed on September 4, two ships. They stay for a while and I would stay out there and watch them a few times. The first video is the initial sighting that occurred is the first single UFO sighting and the second video is when two appeared rather than the typical one.
Michigan Disk
Suttons Bay—on August 10, 2020, an object appeared in the upper right corner of two different photos that I was taking of clouds and sunset. My analysis would say that the object moved on a line from northeast to southwest at a rather slow speed, parallel to a line of clouds, and did drop slightly in altitude. A third shot took35 seconds later showed that the object had disappeared? It appears to be a glowing disc shape with a possible dome.
New Jersey UFO
White Township— on January 5, 2021, at 3:18 PM, I photographed an unknown UFO. I want to publish the photo on www.worldufophotos.org. This is the photo I took over my development in NJ. At the time of photo I did not see anything, later when photo was viewed these 2 objects appeared. One photo is the original and the second one have the top object enhanced 200 xs and the photo cleaned and sharpened.
Ohio Object
Chillicothe– on May 17, 2019, my grandson saw this object far away and asked me what it was. I looked up and saw something in the sky hovering so I pulled out my camera and recorded what we saw and zoomed in to see it better. It started changing shapes as we all watched until I went inside to watch what we saw to get a better look. The object changed shape and light and was unexplainable. Slowed down two more black objects were visible
Oklahoma Rectangle
Norman — on December 9, 2020, I saw two objects in my backyard at 2:30 pm that were hovering 41/2’ feet off the ground on a no wind sunny day. The object was 41/2” by 4” square. That I observed it for seconds. At the last second object #2, which was lumpy and about the size and shape of a golf ball, came flying over and then under the first object at a fast rate of speed. I looked away for a split second and when I looked back they were gone. I told my husband and he drew what I saw to scale. The square had three panels that appeared white and silent with a concave smooth surface.
South Carolina
Landrum— on May 16, 2020, I was watching the local Greenville/Spartanburg Channel 7 news around 12:10pm looking out over Hogback Mountain. It was a live shot, and a red glowing, disc shot across the screen. I rewound, and took video and photos of what was shown. I immediately sent a copy of the footage to the news channel and they got back to me saying they hadn’t noticed it, but thought it was exciting.
Texas Cloud
Corpus Christy– on December 15, 2018, my wife and I were traveling south on South Padre Island Drive. The Object was seen out the passenger side window and when I snapped the first picture. I know the picture my look like a plane or a blimp but it made absolutely no noise, had no wings and was levitating. We took the next exit to get a closer view of it. I tried my best to keep my eyes on it at all times and by the time we got to where it was at it was gone. We did not see it move away so we believe it may have some kind of cloaking device. I also took a picture at the sky where it should have been but there is nothing there it was gone.
Worldwide UFO Sightings
Australia Light
Adelaide – on January 2, 2021, a pulsating UFO was spotted, looked like this was a main craft and shortly after had smaller orbs moving around the UFO in a half circle then disappeared. It reappeared o re appear to finish the other half of the circle in another location close to the UFO. Also observed was what looked like another UFO but this vanished. The main UFO then started to rise slowly to a very high altitude then moved from over the mountain area of La Concha in Marbella out to sea in a Southwest direction until it was out of sight.
Brazil Transparent Object
Matinhos – on December 26, 2020, the witness just took a picture with the car window open and when she saw the picture there was a strange shape of semi-transparent disc that appears to reflect the sun on top. Nothing was seen in the sky when she took the photo. The photo was taken using and I phone 8.
Canada Lights
Cranbroo –January 14, 2021,
France Orb
St Médard sur ille — during work in the garden, this August 4, 2020, my attention was captured by the glow of a light similar to that of a star but clearly visible in broad daylight in clear weather completely cloudless. First observations with binoculars (8×40): perception of a dark light gray spherical metallic object reflecting the sunlight in at least two points with iridescent chromatic flashes. The object did not drift like a drone or balloon and suddenly disappeared. The next day in the same place it reappeared. Video but my 4k camcorder could not focus on the object.
Greece Object
On holiday, August 20, 2020, in Crete, lounging by the hotel pool with a friend soaking up the mid afternoon sun. As we sat chatting two low flying military jets flew over low and loud .Within a few seconds, the lady to our right suddenly blurted out ‘what the hell is that?’ I saw a matt black hockey puck shaped craft with 3 black spikes perturbing out of the centers, top and bottom. Not hovering in one position, but effortlessly just swaying back and forth and side to side. I instantly said ‘that’s a UFO!’ and told my friend to take photos with his then phone 4. Within 10 seconds the UFO disappeared north over the hotel and across the Mediterranean Sea. The craft was matt black, protruding spikes, no signs of any windows, propulsion, and no sound and about the size of one of the jets that went by under a minute earlier. I’m guessing it was 800 feet away and less than 1000 feet in altitude. The illustrations given are as accurate as I can give to scale and UFO detail. I recalled the time a military jet nearly took my head off when out sailing one time in Greece with my parents.
Spain Object
Marbella–January 3, 2021, a pulsating UFO was spotted that, looked like this was a main craft and shortly after had smaller orbs moving around the UFO in a half circle and disappeared then reappeared to finish the other half of the circle Also observed was what looked like another UFO but this vanished. The main UFO then started to rise slowly to a very high altitude then moved from over the mountain area of La Concha in Marbella out to sea in a Southwest direction until it was out of sight. Note could be a bird.
UK/Scotland
Edinburg — was following the rugby world cup in 2 015 when I decided to visit Edinburgh Scotland. I d drove up Mound Street leading to the Church of Scotland when I arrived it was October 14, 201at 1:30a.m. I started taking pics of the church when the place started changing like a light mist blew in sky was overcast it had been drizzling. Then the air smelled stale and the last pic of this light appears hovering over me. It was like a hover craft blowing out air from its sides. Then 3 more lights appeared and the 1st light went into a spin clockwise around the steeple the 2nd light followed then the 3rd and 4th light followed behind. Fastest things I had ever seen. The first light stops the 2nd light hits the first causing an explosion which sounded like a tree falling. The 3rd and 4th light goes straight through the explosion and disappears. I had taken shots of the spinning object. After it was over I could smell fresh air my throat was dry as if I had been through some kind of ordeal. It was like the machines had frozen time.
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Put another way, a young person in the U.S. is nearly 11 times as likely to die in a swimming pool than in a school shooting. Few public officials would say pools are doing a poor job protecting swimmers, but the statistics suggest that we need “more lifeguards at pools, as opposed to guards at schools,” Fox said
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
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Filer’s Files salutes our fighting men and women Georgie Filer and Eddie Pedrick my grandsons who both drowned. We pray that God will bless those who read these files spiritually.
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Speaking of the Air Force’s Project Blue Book, a new series UFO Witness aired on Discovery+ last Thursday
Speaking of the Air Force’s Project Blue Book, a new series UFO Witness aired on Discovery+ last Thursday
NEW YORK (January 11, 2021) - We are definitely not alone! For more than 70 years, the U.S. government has been documenting sightings and cases of unidentified flying objects. In cooperation with former Project Blue Book investigator Jennie Zeidman, former federal agent and paranormal investigator Ben Hansen reopens case files of some of the most astounding UFO encounters in history, files that have been hidden from the public for decades. In the new series, UFO WITNESS, launching Thursday, January 14 exclusively on discovery+, these findings are finally seeing the light of day.
Zeidman was the last surviving member of the Air Force's top-secret UFO investigation called Project Blue Book, which looked into sightings from 1952 through 1970. She has broken her silence, speaking publicly for the first time about her decades of research - motivated to share her expertise because she believes we've been visited by UFOs before - and fears Earth is under extraterrestrial surveillance. Sadly, Zeidman passed away in April 2020, but she has given discovery+ exclusive access to the files from the chief scientific consultant of Project Blue Book, Dr. Allen J. Hynek, to help continue his investigations.
With unprecedented access to more than 10,000 of Dr. Hynek's case files, Hansen believes the answers to UFOs in America are hidden in the cases of the past. Also aiding Hansen on his quest is Mark O'Connell - an accomplished UFO investigator, Dr. Hynek biographer and member of J. Allen Hynek's Center for UFO Studies. Together, they will uncover the secrets of the past to shed new light on today's freshest UFO encounters.
"UFO Witness" is available on the discovery+ app starting January 14, 2021. The series follows UFO researcher Ben Hansen as he revisits cases originally investigated by Dr. J. Allen Hynek of the Air Force's Project Blue Book. With the help of researcher Mark O'Connell and Hynek's assistant Jennie Zeidman, Hansen compares the archives from Hynek to look for patterns repeating in modern-day UFO cases. See sneak peek at +/- 2:07.
CIA declassifies treasure trove of UFO documents for anyone to download
The CIA has finally made public its records on UFO investigations
A treasure trove of UFO-related documents has been published online by the CIA so that anyone can download a copy of it.
The database contains hundreds of formerly top secret files on what the CIA calls ‘Unidentified Aerial Phenomena’ (UAPs).
The campaign to make the documents public dates back to the 1980s and was spearheaded by John Greenwald Jr. He now operates the website – known as ‘Black Vault’ – where the contents of the dossiers can be downloaded.
Many of the UAPs in the files may be tricks of the light or a misjudgment by a pilot. But some of them became targets investigated by the Pentagon.
‘Around 20 years ago, I had fought for years to get additional UFO records released from the CIA,’ Greenewald told Motherboard on Monday.
‘It was like pulling teeth! I went around and around with them to try and do so, finally achieving it. I received a large box, of a couple thousand pages, and I had to scan them in one page at a time.’
According to Greenwald, the documents are the result of 10,000 Freedom of Information reports. And the government agency made it as difficult as possible for anyone else to get eyes on their findings.
‘The CIA has made it INCREDIBLY difficult to use their records in a reasonable manner,’ Greenwald told the site. ‘They offer a format that is very outdated (multi page .tif) and offer text file outputs, largely unusable, that I think they intend to have people use as a “search” tool. In my opinion, this outdated format makes it very difficult for people to see the documents, and use them, for any research purpose.’
Greenwald said there have been thousands of downloads of the files within the first 24 hours of them being made available.
And some of the scenarios described within the documents could have come straight out of The X-Files.
In one case, a small Russian town suffered an explosion ripping the roofs from buildings, blowing apart windows and leaving a 90-foot wide crater. Residents reported seeing a ‘moving fiery sphere’ but the local military concluded it was just an ammonium nitrate blast.
UFO enthusiasts have been attempting to get access to the files for 20 years
(Credits: Getty Images)
Another story deals with a Bosnian fugitive who claimed to have come into contact with aliens.
Yet another file deals with a CIA Assistant Deputy Director for Science and Technology who ‘exhibited interest’ in a redacted object ‘which was handcarried to his office’.
Interestingly, this information comes just as the Pentagon is expected to release yet more classified UFO documents into the public domain.
In December, President Trump signed a $2.3 trillion Covid-19 relief bill that included an act stating government agencies must publish a report in the next six months.
Attached to the bill was a provision requested by Sen. Marco Rubio who chairs the Senate Intelligence Committee to include ‘detailed analysis of unidentified phenomena data’ in restricted US airspace.
This provision, attached as a ‘committee comment’, also requests data and intelligence collected or held by the Office of Naval Intelligence.
It means the Pentagon could reveal even more information relating to a highly sensitive investigation government project called the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP).
In March last year, the Pentagon piqued global interest in UFOs by releasing three declassified videos showing what it tagged as a UAP.
Astonished navy fighter pilots filmed objects apparently moving at angles and speeds far outstripping any man-made craft.
Navy pilots filmed this UAP travelling faster than man-made craft
(US Navy)
Curiously, the Pentagon released the videos without having any obligation to do so. The trickle of clues has also included pictures of the secretive Area 51 military base, reported on by Metro.co.uk on Thursday, showing a strange triangular shape inside a hanger.
Nick Pope, a British UFO expert who worked for the Ministry of Defence, told Metro: ‘The clock is now ticking on the Senate Intelligence Committee’s demand for a report on the UFO phenomenon from the Director of National Intelligence.
‘A response is due within 180 days of the enactment of the Covid-19 relief bill, because this bill contained the Intelligence Authorization Act, where the UFO requirement was articulated.
‘But the US Department of Defense has known since June of the committee’s request, and the US Navy’s Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP) Task Force is probably already working on drafting the response, so we may get it sooner than the late June deadline. This report, important though it may be, is only one part of a wider process.
‘There’s a lot going on and we’re going to see some big UFO stories in 2021.’
For many years now, UFOs have more than not been identified as "flying saucers," or disc-shaped objects. Of course, there were other unknown flying object reports of odd-shaped vehicles of many different descriptions, but these were the exception and not the rule.
In the last 30 years or so, the triangle shape has become a topic of much discussion. Often reported as flying low and running silent, with several lights on the bottom, these strange objects have become an enigma in UFO circles. Sightings of these objects often come in waves, and they are reported as being able to go from a crawl to a high-speed departure in a matter of seconds.
A Government Project?
Many feel that the triangle UFO may be a top-secret government craft, still in the experimental stage, and more than likely designed with military implications. Some researchers feel that they are the next step in the Stealth series of craft, capable of flying low and making their exit without being detected by enemy radar. This type of craft would be indispensable for enemy surveillance, especially with weapon capabilities.
I will agree that a good portion of triangle UFO sightings may be attributed to a government manufactured craft, but this cannot account for all of them. The man on the street cannot know just how advanced governmental or military technological prowess may be, but reports of the flight characteristics of the triangles seem to surpass even our most liberal estimates of what modern technology is capable of.
Sightings of triangular UFOs have increased throughout the 2000s
Reports Increasing
Although the triangle craft seem to be a dark, mysterious entity, according to researcher and author, Clyde Lewis, triangle sightings in the United Kingdom are almost an everyday occurrence. He states in his article, "Mystery of the Black Triangles," there have been approximately 4,000 reports of the triangles since 1990 in the UK alone.
There have also been waves of triangle sightings in Belgium, France, Holland and Germany, beginning with the most celebrated wave of all, the 1989-1990 triangle wave over Belgium.
In this particular case, in addition to triangle sightings, other anomalous events took place. As some of the triangles were picked up by military radar, jets would be scrambled to get a close look at exactly what was invading Belgian airspace. However, although the jet fighters could briefly lock in on the mysterious UFOs, when their weapons were set to fire, their electrical systems would malfunction, and soon the triangles were out of range.
Anomalous Effects
A second unusual fact during the Belgian wave was the inability of eyewitnesses to capture the objects on film. There are a couple of fairly decent, distant videos of them, and finally, one good photograph was taken in April 1990 in the city of Petit-Rechain.
This photograph clearly shows a triangle-shaped object with red lights on the belly.
There were approximately 1,000 sightings of the Belgian triangle, and many of these were reported by ground observers who could clearly see the craft and took what they felt would be a good, clear picture. However, when their film was developed, the image was blurry and had no probative value. This fact came to the attention of August Meessen, a physics professor, who was employed by the Catholic University at Louvin.
He developed a theory that the photographic failures were caused by infrared light. He proved his theory through scientific experiments. What this actually means is open to debate, but it appears from witness statements, that the farther away the triangle was from the photographer, the better chance to get a good image.
The sightings over Belgium were investigated, and there was no doubt that unknown, triangular-shaped objects moved over the country for about two years. They were caught on radar, seen by pilots, and witnessed by a general cross-section of the public, including policemen.
No explanation could be given, except to say that something very unusual occurred in the Belgian skies. This is one of the best examples of the triangle UFOs, but in future articles, I will detail other special cases of these strange, low-flying craft.
Why Are Black Triangle Sightings So Unique?
The black triangle UFO sightings are almost certainly in a category of their own – and not just because of their distinct shape. The circumstances and the aftermath of these objects appear almost unique. And while we have sampled only a small window of time within this article, if we were to widen that net, or focus in on another specific period in time, it is highly likely that the same exact details will, for the most part, surface once again.
For example, why do many of these sightings take place in the early hours and why over or near lonely highways? Might this indeed be suggestive of a discreet military program? We have to question, however, with all of the wide expanses of land the United States military have at their disposal, why they would choose to conduct such potential experiments both in the open and at many different locations around the North American continents. And we should note that sightings of black triangular UFOs are not exclusive to North America, with sightings of a similar nature taking place all around the planet.
And what should we make of the episodes of missing time that, on occasion, accompanies such close encounters? Might this suggest an altogether otherworldly presence than a clandestine military operation? Or should we perhaps question just how highly advanced the technology at the disposal of the United States military? As well as that of the other world governments.
Like most other pieces of the UFO puzzle, that of the black triangles most definitely fits on the board, but its rightful place in that picture is still to be determined.
Check out the video below. It features some of the better black triangle UFO sightings captured on film.
Some of the more spectacular and eyebrow-raising accounts within the UFO field have to do with what are usually termed alien abductees. These are those individuals who have been allegedly whisked away by alien entities for inscrutable reasons we will probably never understand, and they very often have incredibly weird stories to tell. Among these ranks is a former CIA agent, who not only claims to have been abducted by aliens on numerous occasions, but who also claims that this is going on on a wider scale than we ever realized and who has dedicated himself to hunting these entities down.
One of the more fascinating personalities right now in the world of alien abductees is Derrel Sims, a former military police officer, CIA agent, and current full-time ufologist, who claims to have had a lifetime of very strange UFO and alien encounter experiences. Sims claims that his very first conscious experience happened back in 1952 when he was just 4 years old. At the time it was evening at his home in Midland, Texas, and he was lying in bed trying to fall asleep when he had the sudden, unshakable feeling that there was someone else there in that darkened room with him. Sims said that he did not feel any particular fear at first, but sensed that it was not his mother or father, but rather an “it.” As his eyes adjusted to the dark further, details began to congeal in the gloom, pure white skin, very large elliptical eyes, an inhumanly thin frame, all of which suggested that it was not human. Even then Sims says he felt no fear or panic, but this was about to change. He would explain the series of bizarre and frightening events that would unfold in a 2007 edition of Journal of Abduction Encounter Research:
No speech or communication of any kind comes from this “thing,” whatever it is. The arms and legs are long and skinny, the body and neck, thin. The bulbous head, like an upside down teardrop, is cocked slightly to the side. I can see him from head to crotch, and he doesn’t have a “tee tee” or a belly button! Does he have knees? I can’t see them and I want to know what his feet look like too. He had a strange faint smell. It smelled awful. . . .I think it is a he, though I don’t know exactly why. It sure doesn’t have any mom or lady qualities about it. Suddenly, I realize it has become aware that I am aware and that I am able to move. Horror wraps around my small frame as his eyes seem to move or rotate. He definitely is now in control of me physically. Suddenly I Am Paralyzed. I cannot understand how I was fine (as I always had been) and now I am paralyzed and overwhelmed with a horrific fear, all while conscious. I wasn’t paralyzed until now! Why? I have never felt fear before. This is the moment in time. . .when I suddenly realize there is something wrong with the perfect world in which I live. For me, that moment was, “Mommy and daddy aren’t coming. He is, or they are!” He convincingly suggests that my parents don’t love me. They are not my parents! I suddenly know there are others like him, and they do other things. . .
I feel the paralysis hit me as he just stands there, emotionless and motionless with those large black, doll-like, shark-like eyes looking at me. Immense fear overwhelms me as he moves toward me. Because of his suggestion, I think I cannot move or make a sound. I fight the paralysis as the entity comes closer, bringing his face right up to mine. I squirm my tiny frame as hard as I can to get away. When the feel of the wall is against my shoulder, I push so hard the old army-styled single bed pulls away from the wall. This seemed to startle the entity (and me!) as with a thud, I hit my shoulder blades against the cold, hard floor. I can protect my head, and do; the paralysis is wearing thin here.
Derell Sims
Sims looked under the bed and could see that the thing was still standing there, its odd, duck-like feet planted on the floor, and it then bent down to look under the bed right at him. As it peered under the bed at him with those otherworldly, inscrutable eyes, Sims claims that its image then began to change, its features morphing and twisting right before his eyes into something else. He would later come to the conclusion that this was the entity manipulating his perceptions, and he says of this:
Next begins the most horrifying part of the experience for me. As he crawls slowly toward me, he begins making himself look like a pure white clown with large doll-like eyes. I know inside, “He wants me to remember this as a bad dream of a clown.” This is to make clear to me what I am to remember. However, since this hasn’t happened yet, how can I know it is what I will remember? Once again, I wonder, “How does he do that? He crawls under the bed, his large head next to mine, and makes his eye contact. “I will not believe this clown. I will not forget. It is not a clown. It is not a clown! I will not forget!” It gets very dark as I tell myself for the last time that night, “I will not forget. It is not a clown.” In the morning, I am back in bed, and cold. Numerous things tell me what I remember from the night before really happened. The soreness on my back where I hit the floor. . .the bed is no longer square against the wall. My covers come only near to my shoulders. (I always had them up to my head to keep me warm.) The sheets are a mess! . . .I definitely freaked in the morning.
Creepy indeed, and it was so traumatizing for him that he refused to sleep in his room alone, for several nights sleeping with his mother and father, although the mysterious entity would return. When it did, Sims says that even though he screamed out, his parents wouldn’t wake up, as if they had been kept in a deep sleep state by the creature. He says that this time there was more than one of them, and that as they plucked him out of the bed from right between his parents he blacked out. He would wake in his own bed later and not be able to remember what had happened until many years later under hypnosis, when he recalled that they had done experiments on him. Sims would have similar frightening experiences with the very same entities numerous times throughout his life, but it would get more horrifying when he was a married adult with children, when he claims they began to come for his own 6-year-old son. It was a turn of events that would change the course of his life and put him on a mission to warn of these creatures and do anything he could to stop them, and he says of the first incident:
In December 1980, my wife, two children and I lived. . .in a large ranch home on 4 acres near Huffman, Texas. [One night] I awoke suddenly with a feeling of dread. . . .In the dark, I ran as fast as I could to the living room, where I stood watching in horror: There was my 6-year-old son looking out the window. He was not asleep. He was deep in trance. They had come and, like my own dad, I was not there for him. . . .”Oh God,” I thought, “not my son, too.” The fact is you can mess with me or abduct me and I can live with it (I did). You mess with or abduct my son and I will come after you. I will protect and even avenge my children. Now, they — the alien — have my full attention. I am not sure this is what they wanted. It is certainly what they are getting for the trouble. This may have been a serious mistake on their part. Now, I hunt them that hunted me and later hunted my son. . . I am known as the “Alien Hunter.”
Sims went on to devote his whole life to understanding these mysterious entities more, to collecting and analyzing medical and scientific evidence of the alien presence such as anomalous marks on the body or alien implants, digging up classified information the government has on them, and helping other abductees to deal with their own traumatic otherworldly encounters, investigating over 2,000 such cases. He says there are at least seven types of alien species on Earth at present, as well as various hybrids, and when talking about alien abductions and the alien agenda, it does not take long at all to see that he has a very negative view of these beings. He says that they are here for malevolent purposes, and that their experiments on us are not in the best interests of human beings, that they are cruel, spiteful creatures that we should avoid at all costs. He has decried efforts to contact them, saying “It’s an uninformed position for them to get in contact with whoever’s out there. Some people have done that and died as a result. Some people have been injured.”
Sims also frequently mentions the aliens as being manipulative and deceitful, changing their appearance as it suits them and doctoring the memories that people have of them, and he also claims that much of the time the aliens prefer not to be seen at all, often surprised when someone can see them. He has said of the memories that abductees have, “In most cases, whenever you remember the event, it is a mistake on their part, or else, what you “remember” isn’t memory at all; it is an “installed memory” for you.” There is also the fact that, according to him, there are far more people who have had their memories successfully wiped and are blissfully unaware of what has happened to them, and that the abductees who remember are in the minority. Indeed, by his estimates there could be millions who have been abducted by aliens and just don’t know it. You can read all about Sims’ stories at his page here, and make up your own mind, but we are left to wonder just what is going on here. He seems to be a fairly reliable individual with solid credentials, so what are we to make of his stories. It remains unknown, but it is certainly another story to add to the many in the UFO field.
It seems one can’t throw a stone or a dried camel turd in Egypt without hitting an ancient tomb with coffins and sarcophagi dating back to the pharaohs, but hitting an actual pharaoh or queen’s tomb is still a rarity. That may be why news of the recent discovery of 22 burial shafts, with one containing 54 coffins, and dozens of mummies and artifacts was quickly overshadowed by the announcement of the uncovering of the funerary temple of Queen Nerat, the wife of King Tati (or Teti), whose pyramid is nearby. The discovery is in the Saqqara archaeological site in Memphis where hundreds of coffins and well-preserved mummies have been found recently. Why does the head of the project say this discovery “rewrite the history of Saqqara during the New Kingdom, in addition to confirming the importance of the worship of King Teti during the 19th Dynasty of the New Kingdom”?
“The mission discovered the layout of the temple in which the queen’s tomb was being revived, and the mission also found within the temple three mud-brick warehouses attached to the temple in the southeastern side – these stores were built to store temple provisions, offerings and tools.”
Sistrum inscribed with the name of Teti.
While the popular movie depictions of ancient Egypt and mummies generally imply that most if not all of them were pharaohs or their relatives, this site and discovery – described in a Facebook post – led by Dr. Zahi Hawass with help from the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities and Bibliotheca Alexandrina, shows that coffin-building and mummification was a thriving business for the common folk as well. Not only were there rooms for the carpenters and mummifiers, the shafts were filled with hundreds of wooden coffins from the New Kingdom (16th century BCE to 11th century BCE). (Photos here and here.)
An adorned wooden sarcophagus is displayed during the official announcement of the discovery by an Egyptian archaeological mission of a new trove of treasures at Egypt's Saqqara necropolis south of Cairo, on January 17, 2021.
(Khaled DESOUKI / AFP)
CORRECTS DAY OF WEEK TO SUNDAY -- A trove of ancient coffins and artifacts on display that Egyptian archaeologist Zahi Hawass and his team unearthed in a vast necropolis, in Saqqara, south of Cairo, Egypt, January 17, 2021.
(AP Photo/Nariman El-Mofty)
An ancient coffin is on display that Egyptian archaeologist Zahi Hawass and his team unearthed in a vast necropolis filled with burial shafts, coffins and mummies dating back to the New Kingdom 3000 BC, January 17, 2021, in Saqqara, south of Cairo, Egypt.
(AP Photo/Nariman El-Mofty)
CORRECTS DAY OF WEEK TO SUNDAY -- The excavation site where Egyptian archaeologist Zahi Hawass and his team unearthed a trove of ancient coffins, artifacts, and skulls in a vast necropolis south of Cairo, Egypt, January 17, 2021, in Saqqara, south of Cairo, Egypt.
(AP Photo/Nariman El-Mofty)
An ancient coffin is on display that Egyptian archaeologist Zahi Hawass and his team unearthed in a vast necropolis filled with burial shafts, coffins and mummies dating back to the New Kingdom 3000 BC, January 17, 2021, in Saqqara, south of Cairo, Egypt.
(AP Photo/Nariman El-Mofty)
Egyptian security officers man their station across from the step pyramid of Djoser at the Saqqara necropolis south of Cairo, on January 17, 2021.
(Khaled DESOUKI / AFP)
Egyptologist Zahi Hawass poses for a picture during the official announcement of the discovery by an archaeological mission he leads of a new trove of treasures at Egypt’s Saqqara necropolis south of Cairo, on January 17, 2021.
(Khaled DESOUKI / AFP)
An unearthed stele is displayed during the official announcement of the discovery by an Egyptian archaeological mission of a new trove of treasures at Egypt’s Saqqara necropolis south of Cairo, on January 17, 2021.
(Khaled DESOUKI / AFP)
Ancient skull and bones are on display that Egyptian archaeologist Zahi Hawass and his team unearthed in a vast necropolis filled with burial shafts, coffins and mummies dating back to the New Kingdom 3000 BC, January 17, 2021, in Saqqara, south of Cairo, Egypt.
(AP Photo/Nariman El-Mofty)
Visitors walk past a wooden sarcophagus which is still buried, during the official announcement of the discovery by an archaeological mission he leads of a new trove of treasures at Egypt's Saqqara necropolis south of Cairo, on January 17, 2021.
(Khaled DESOUKI / AFP)
“The discoveries found in the shaft are considered one of the most important findings uncovered in the Saqqara region, and date back to the New Kingdom.
Inside the shafts, the mission discovered large numbers of archaeological artifacts and a large number of statues that represent deities such as the god Osiris and Ptah-Soker-Osiris, in addition the mission found a papyrus, whose length reached four meters and one meter in width, representing Chapter 17 from the Book of the Dead, and the name of its owner is recorded on it (Pw-Kha-Ef). The same name was found on four ushabti statuettes, and on an anthropoid wooden coffin. Many beautiful ushabti statuettes made of wood, stone and faience have been found dating back to the New Kingdom.”
Pyramid texts from Teti I’s pyramid at Saqqara
Not much is known or revealed about Queen Neit (or Nearit in some announcements). It appears this may be Iput, the mother of Pepi I, the third pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty. As the press release points out, the big deal is the shaft filled with coffins and artifacts that appears to have never been looted. All of this means King Tati and his queen (at least the first one) were revered a thousand years after their deaths and the funeral business boomed as a result. Based on that, more shafts, coffins, mummies, temples, and artifacts will undoubtedly be found – with or without the benefit of a camel turd toss. And that is the real reason why this discovery is so important to Egypt.
“Dr. Zahi Hawass confirms that this discovery is considered the most important archaeological discovery during the current year and will make Saqqara, along with other discoveries, an important tourist and cultural destination.
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Now and again I get asked about “missing government files” (or “hidden files”) on UFOs. It’s an issue that a lot of people don’t seem to understand – and it’s also something that demonstrates a great amount of naivety on the part of the questioner. I’ll explain what I mean. It relates to both those who believe there are UFO conspiracies and those who don’t – but for very different reasons. On many occasions, when I’m in debate with skeptics and debunkers, someone will say something like this: “There can’t be any truth to Rendlesham Forest or to Roswell because nothing of any significance has ever surfaced through the Freedom of Information Act.” That is such a pathetic and uninformed approach to take. And, it’s also a misinformed stance. A few day ago, I used the words “La La Land” in an article here at Mysterious Universe. I’ll use it again: “La La Land.” I use it because that’s where some of the debunkers and skeptics are happy to dwell. The same goes for those who think they actually have a chance in Hell of finding anything significant.
The fact is that numerous countries around the world have FOIA legislation. The long list includes Australia, the U.K., Belgium, Germany, Iceland, Japan, Sweden, and Uruguay. In fact, the number of countries that have FOIA legislation is now eight-five. That doesn’t mean – as a few debunkers have suggested to me – that the FOIA allows for everything to be released into the public domain. The reason? Because sometimes the material doesn’t even make it to the FOIA. Also, sometimes the reason why we don’t get to see anything – despite trying to use the Freedom of Information Act – is because of what are known as Special Access Programs (SAPs). You may wonder: what are they? Well, I’ll tell you. The Drive say: “For the better part of the last twenty-five years, the manner in which the U.S. government safeguards and restricts access of highly classified information is through a set of compartmentalization protocols termed ‘Special Access Programs.’ Thanks to the government’s love affair with condensing words, most people are likely familiar with this formalized system of security’s acronym—’SAP.’ For most of us stuck on the outside trying to get an idea of what’s inside, the term ‘Special Access Program’ is often misunderstood as being itself a classification level. In truth, SAPs are merely a set of security protocols limiting access of sensitive information to only authorized and necessary individuals. Cue the cliché, ‘That information is need to know, and you don’t have a need to know!'”
The Federation of American Scientists provide us the following: “The procedures for establishing, managing and overseeing special access programs (SAPs) in the Department of Defense are spelled out in an updated DoD Instruction that was issued yesterday. See ‘Management, Administration, and Oversight of DoD Special Access Programs,’ DoD Instruction 5205.11, February 6, 2013. A special access program is a classified program that employs security measures above and beyond those that would normally be used to protect ordinary (or ‘collateral’) classified information. Such measures may include special eligibility reviews, polygraph testing, cover, and other controls on information. Within DoD, SAPs fall into three broad topical categories: intelligence, acquisition, and operations and support.”
Not only that, there’s the matter of destroyed documents. If you think that Top Secret files don’t get destroyed, you would be very wrong. For example, when, back in the 1990s, the U.S. Government Accountability Office went digging for information on the Roswell affair of 1947, the GAO said that: “…the Chief Archivist for the National Personnel Records Center provided us with documentation indicating that (1) RAAF records such as finance and accounting, supplies, buildings and grounds, and other general administrative matters from March 1945 through December 1949 and (2) RAAF outgoing messages from October 1946 through December 1949 were destroyed.” So, not only are we up against the SAPs, but now we know that material sometimes gets destroyed and will never be seen again.
The same applies to the aforementioned Rendlesham Forest affair of December 1980. There’s no doubt in my mind that what happened in the woods had nothing to do with aliens and everything to do with secret experiments And why can’t we find those files via the FOIA? Here’s why: one of the claims I’ve heard on a few occasions is that when the technology designed to make the personnel in the woods believe they were seeing aliens and UFOs (rather than being deceived by advanced holograms, which is the real story), there was no need to continue to keep the original papers. So, for safety and security, it was destroyed. This happens more times than you might think. Here’s one example of many. It’s the matter of the CIA’s “mind-control” programs, the most well-known being MK-Ultra, much of which involved the experimental use of psychedelics. Yes, a large amount of that material is still available today, but back in 1973 huge amounts of papers on the programs were burned to a collective shred.
CIA Director Richard Helms chose a man named Sidney Gottlieb to take control of the situation – Gottlieb having been the person who ran the CIA’s occult-driven Operation Often program, which began in the latter part of the 1960s. Helms ordered Gottlieb, on the morning of January 30, 1973, to drive over to a certain installation owned by the CIA in Warrenton, Virginia. And burn as much as possible. Gottlieb followed his orders. The reasoning behind the destruction was simple: the program was in danger of being compromised by the U.S. media and the U.S. Senate. As the work of MK-Ultra, by 1973, had long been perfected, the old, historical records – which told the stories of the abuses that went on in the program – were deemed vital to be destroyed. From Roswell to MK-Ultra and to Rendlesham, files have been destroyed and will never be seen again. As for SAPs, they are a perfect way to to ensure that sensitive material will remain hidden.
Something really strange happened on January 16, 2021 when the Secchi Stereo Ahead EUVI 171 probe captured an enormous flash that then revealed a giant object in the vicinity of the sun.
Blue beams, possible electrically charged, are visible on both sides of the object, apparently emanating from the object.
The object, which looks like a giant UFO, comes from another dimension and arrives through a portal near the sun?
A portal is an extraordinary opening in space or time that connects travelers, in this case a giant UFO, to distant realms.
Former Chief of Israeli Space Security Says Extraterrestrials Exist, and U.S. Government Knows About It
Former Chief of Israeli Space Security Says Extraterrestrials Exist, and U.S. Government Knows About It
An ex-Israeli space security head has made a buzz recently by saying that earthlings have been in contact with ETs from a galactic federation.
Haim Eshed, former chief of Defense Ministry’s space directorate in Israel, said that the UFOs have asked not to make public that they’re here as humanity isn’t ready yet.
Respected professor Eshed revealed that aliens were equally curious about humanity and were looking to understand the universe’s fabric.
Check out this amazing book about the top 10 UFO cases in the history.
Eshed stated there are signed cooperation agreements between species, including a base located underground in the depths of Mars where alien representatives and American astronauts have been holding their meeting.
He said U.S. governments and the extraterrestrials are signing an agreement to do experiments here. Eshed added that U.S. President Donald Trump was aware of the space aliens’ existence and had been on the brink of disclosing information but was asked not to prevent mass hysteria.
Eshed said they have been waiting until today for earthlings to develop and reach the level where we’ll understand what space and spaceships are in general.
Retired general Eshed, who oversaw several Israeli satellites into space, said he was only speaking now because people’s attitudes were changing and seemed more receptive. He said he has nothing to lose as he already received his degrees and awards and respected in universities abroad.
Oldest Tool Use Thrown Back To Two million Years In Oldupai Gorge Find
Oldest Tool Use Thrown Back To Two million Years In Oldupai Gorge Find
An interdisciplinary team of researchers have unearthed the oldest stone tools at the oldest archaeological site in the famous Oldupai Gorge, popularly known as the Cradle of Humankind. Their discoveries also reveal how the earliest hominins coped with climate change two million years ago.
An Acheulean hand-axe from the Olduvai Gorge is pictured in an undated file photo.
PHOTO BY GERALD CORSI /iStock/Getty Images Plus
The new study is published in Nature Communications and provides an ecological perspective on early human adaptability two million years ago. It is focused on Ewass Oldupai - the oldest archaeological site in Oldupai (formerly Olduvai) Gorge. The study demonstrates how hominins adapted to the region’s diverse environmental conditions over a 200,000 year period.
New interdisciplinary field work has led to the discovery of the oldest archaeological site in Oldupai Gorge, which shows that early humans used a wide diversity of habitats amidst environmental changes across a 200,000 year-long period.
Discoveries at Oldupai Gorge, the Famous Cradle of Humankind
Oldupai Gorge is a very important paleoanthropological site located in Tanzania in the Great Rift Valley. For more than a century, researchers have been excavating in this area, and cumulatively they have found hundreds of fossils and stone tools which date back millions of years. The site was made famous by Louis and Mary Leakey and is a UNESCO World Heritage site.
EurekAlert! reports that, despite the long history of surveys and excavations at the Oldupai Gorge, there has been a lack of ecological studies associated with the cultural remains which have been found there. This allows the new study to cast light on the environmental contexts in which the early hominins lived.
The study comes from an international and interdisciplinary team of researchers from the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History in Germany, the University of Calgary in Canada, and the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. The researchers convened for excavations at the Ewass Oldupa and they have unearthed the oldest Oldowan stone tools ever found at Oldupai Gorge. The stone tools date from roughly 2 to 1.8 million years ago.
Excavations at Ewass Oldupa uncovered the oldest Oldowan stone tools ever found at Oldupai Gorge, dating to ~2 million years ago, and also unearthed fossils of mammals, reptiles and birds.
Paleoanthropologists at the site studied fossils from a variety of animals, including primates, wild cattle and pigs, hippos, panthers, lions, hyenas, reptiles, and birds. They found that over 200,000 years, the habitat changed and included fern meadows, woodland mosaics, naturally burned landscapes, lakeside palm groves and dry steppe environments.
Outcrop geometry, stratigraphic architecture, and idealized vegetation at Ewass Oldupa. a) Post-eruptive, fern meadow. b) Coarse Feldspar Crystal Tuff mosaics. c) Woodland with palms and ferns. d) Grasslands. e) Open woodland. f) Asteraceae-dominated scrub.
The combined paleoanthropological and archaeological evidence shows that hominin activities recurred, but were periodically absent in the changing environment. Dr. Pastory Bushozi of Dar es Salaam University, Tanzania, said that “the occupation of varied and unstable environments, including after volcanic activity, is one of the earliest examples of adaptation to major ecological transformations.”
Even though the environment was changing, the researchers found that the prehistoric hominin toolkits remained more or less the same. The iconic Oldowan pebble and cobble cores, sharp-edged flakes, and polyhedral cobbles were still used to butcher animals and process plants, no matter how the habitat changed over the 200,000 years.
Who Made the Ewass Oldupa Tools?
You may be wondering by now which group of our prehistoric ancestors made the oldest Oldowan stone tools ever found at Oldupai Gorge. The possible toolmaker group is not certain, since no hominin fossils have been found at Ewass Oldupa yet, but it has been narrowed down to three possible hominin species.
One possibility is that Homo habilis created the tools. Their fossils have been found in 1.82-million-year-old deposits at a location just 350 meters (1148.29 ft.) away from Ewass Oldupa. Professor Julio Mercader of the University of Calgary stated that “these early humans were surely ranging widely over the landscape and along shores of the ancient lake.”
But Mercader also noted that australopithecines were also around Ewass Oldupa at the time and probably making and using stone tools in the area and members of the Paranthropus genus also lived in Oldupai Gorge in the same time period; both of these groups could be not be ruled out as the prehistoric toolmakers.
Setting the Stage for Bigger Things
The researchers write that their findings at Oldupai Gorge are “unique for this period and depicts complex behavior among early Pleistocene hominins.” They explain that the ability of the hominins to adapt to the changing environments at Oldupai Gorge prepared our prehistoric ancestors for bigger goals.
Combining the recent Oldupai Gorge discoveries with other finds across eastern Africa suggests that by 2 million years ago, hominins had the behavioral abilities they needed to expand into new ecosystems , and they used those abilities. As Professor Michael Petraglia of the Max Planck Institute noted that “This behavioural flexibility arose in the context of the dawn of the evolution of our own genus, Homo, and it set the stage for the eventual global, invasive spread of Homo sapiens .”
Top Image: The excavations uncovered the oldest Oldowan stone tools ever found at Oldupai Gorge, dating to ~2 million years ago.
Titanoboa: The Monster Snake that Ruled Prehistoric Colombia
Titanoboa: The Monster Snake that Ruled Prehistoric Colombia
You may not want to read about this frightening creature if you suffer to any degree from ophidiophobia, or even if you are about to embark on a camping trip. Titanoboa fossils show it was the largest snake in the world. It lived during the Paleocene epoch, about 60 million years ago, so you are safe from its bone crushing grip now, but the image of the huge prehistoric snake slithering around South America is still a terrifying one.
So far, the South American country of Colombia has the only known fossils of the huge serpent. It is through these few fossils that paleontologists were able to estimate the size of this prehistoric creature. This estimation was then used to create a life-size model of Titanoboa, which was exhibited in 2012 in New York City’s Grand Central Terminal as a promotion for the Smithsonian Channel documentary entitled Titanoboa: Monster Snake.
The "Titanoboa: Monster Snake" exhibit from the Smithsonian at the Natural History Museum.
Titanoboa simply means ‘titanic boa’ and is an apt name for this prehistoric snake. According to estimates made by paleontologists, it could have grown to a length of between 42 feet and 49 feet (between 12.8 meters and 14.9 meters) and weighed up to a massive 2500 pounds (1134 kg). In addition, the thickest part of the snake’s body is reckoned to have had a diameter of 3 feet (0.9 meters).
As a comparison, the anaconda, one of the largest snakes today, is known to reach lengths of over 20 feet (6.1 meters) and weigh more than 500 pounds (227 kg). Titanoboa was obviously a giant compared to the largest snakes we have today.
The discovery of Titanoboa was made during the first decade of the 21st century in Cerrejón, a coal mine in the northern part of Colombia. The campaign that led to the discovery began in 1994, when the Colombian geologist Henry Garcia found an unfamiliar fossil which he labelled as ‘Petrified Branch’ and placed it in a display case of the coal company.
In 2003, a Colombian undergraduate geology student by the name of Fabiany Herrera was at Cerrejón for a field trip when he discovered fossilized plant remains . As the area had not been explored previously by paleontologists, an expedition was soon organized. One of the researchers invited to join the expedition was Scott Wing, the curator of fossil plants at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History.
A Titanoboa vertebra dwarfs that of a modern 17-foot anaconda
It was Wing who realized that Garcia’s fossil was not from a plant. He sent photos of it to another expert, Jonathan Bloch, a paleontologist at the University of Florida. Bloch identified the fossil as part of a jawbone of a land animal.
This was exciting news, as fossils of terrestrial vertebrates from the Paleocene epoch had not been found in that part of South America before then. It was believed that more fossils of such animals were to be found at the site, and this proved to be true.
Identifying the Monster Snake
It was not until 2007, however, that the vertebra of a Titanoboa was identified, when a shipment of fossils labelled ‘crocodile’ was being inspected. When this discovery was made, fresh expeditions were conducted in the hopes of finding more vertebrae of this animal. Eventually, a total of 100 snake vertebrae from 28 animals were collected. With the vertebrae, the paleontologists were able to make estimations as to the size of the prehistoric snake.
In 2012, another important discovery about the Titanoboa was made. This time, a snake skull was found. Such a find is extremely rare, as snake skulls are very fragile and usually fall apart after the animal dies.
One of the peculiarities of this skull is that it has closely packed teeth, even more than modern day boas. This has led experts to speculate that Titanoboa was a specialized fish-eater. Still, considering its size, Titanoboa could have easily preyed on prehistoric turtles and crocodiles, which lived in the same habitat as this snake.
These later discoveries prompted the 2012 creation of a life-size model of Titanoboa exhibited in New York City’s Grand Central Terminal to promote the Smithsonian Titanoboa documentary. Some people also believe that Titanoboas still live deep in the Amazon.
Newly found Comet Leonard might become 2021’s brightest
Newly found Comet Leonard might become 2021’s brightest
Posted by Eddie Irizarry in ASTRONOMY ESSENTIALS | SPACE
The first comet to be found in 2021 – labeled C/2021 A1 (Leonard) – might become the brightest comet of this year! Charts and more info here.
This is what a comet looks like – just a dot to our eyes – when it’s far from the sun. Astronomers spotted Comet Leonard (inside the tick marks) in early January 2021, a year before its closest sweep past our sun. The comet might be visible to the unaided eye by the end of this year.
Exciting news! A newly found comet might become 2021’s brightest comet. AstronomerGreg Leonarddiscovered the comet that now bears his name – C/2021 A1 (Leonard) – on January 3, 2021 at the Mount Lemmon Observatory in Arizona. Astronomers report that discovery images show a tail for the comet, suggesting we might see a nice tail as Comet Leonard draws closer to the Earth and sun. The comet is still far away, currently between the orbits of Jupiter and Mars, heading inward. It’ll reach perihelion, its closest approach to the sun, around January 3, 2022. And so we’ll have a whole year to watch this comet get brighter, and brighter!
NASA/JPL estimates that Comet Leonard’s closest approach to Earth will be on December 12, 2021 (at around 14:13 UTC). Translate UTC to your time. It’ll pass Earth at the extremely safe distance of 21,690,493 miles (34,907,464 km).
Its orbit also suggests that the comet will then pass relatively close (about 2,632,000 miles) to planet Venus on December 18, 2021.
Estimates indicate it might reach a visual magnitude of around 5 or even 4 (the lower the brighter), and although at its brightest the comet will be very close to the horizon, we still might get very good views using binoculars during the days before closest approach to Earth, in early December 2021, with visibility to the eye alone still a possibility.
Nature provides us with sky events seen once in a lifetime. Comet Leonard might be one of these, as it seems to have a hyperbolic orbit, that is, an orbit that’ll carry it only once through the inner solar system, then out again into the depths of space.
In other words, after this current sweep close past our sun, Comet Leonard won’t be seen again from Earth.
This perspective on Comet C/2021 A1 (Leonard) shows its trajectory through our solar system. North is up. You can see that its orbit will cause it to be initially visible from Earth’s Northern Hemisphere, and then from the Southern Hemisphere.
Image via NASA/JPL.
This comet will be initially visible from the Northern Hemisphere, and will become visible from the Southern Hemisphere in December 2021 and January 2022.
Will Comet Leonard be visible to the unaided eye? It’s possible. This might be this year’s brightest comet (unless a new brighter one is discovered). It will provide a nice spectacle to observers using long exposure cameras, binoculars and even the smallest telescopes.
An amazing feature of this celestial visitor is that it’s an ultrafast comet; it’s traveling at 158,076 miles per hour (254,399 km/h or 70.6 km per second) relative to Earth.
Despite its incredible speed through the vast space of our solar system, don’t expect to see this comet swoosh across the sky. Like planets, comets do move in front of the star background, but only very slowly due to the large distances involved. Observers using telescopes will have to take a close look at the comet’s position relative to background stars, and compare the view five or 10 minutes later to detect its motion, because its great distance will cause it to appear as a very slow moving object.
Here are a few charts … and you might bookmark this post. We’ll be adding updates here.
Location of Comet C/2021 A1 (Leonard) on December 1, 2021. This chart is as seen from U.S., facing east about 90 minutes before sunrise. The Big Dipper asterism in the constellation Ursa Major the Great Bear will provide a good reference for observers to locate the comet. Illustration by Eddie Irizarry using Stellarium.
Comet C/2021 A1 is traveling so fast that its position in our skies will change daily during early December 2021. Here is its location on December 5, 2021, about 90 minutes before sunrise. Comet Leonard will be located very close to where we see bright star Arcturus, as seen here. Facing east, as seen from U.S. Illustration by Eddie Irizarry using Stellarium.
Location of Comet C/2021 A1 (Leonard) on December 10, 2021. By then, it will be brighter but closer to the horizon. As seen from U.S. about 30 minutes before sunrise.
Illustration by Eddie Irizarry, using Stellarium.
Around December 14-16, 2021, Comet C/2021 A1 (Leonard) will become visible just after sunset, very low in the southwest horizon, as seen from U.S. See additional charts below:
Location of Comet C/2021 A1 (Leonard) on December 15, 2021, about 30 minutes after sunset. Facing Southwest, as seen from U.S.
Illustration by Eddie Irizarry using Stellarium.
On December 17, 2021, about 30 minutes after sunset, comet Leonard will be located below planet Venus. Facing Southwest, as seen from U.S.
Illustration by Eddie Irizarry using Stellarium.
December 19, 2021, about 30 minutes after sunset. Facing Southwest, as seen from U.S.
Illustration by Eddie Irizarry using Stellarium.
Bottom line:Comet C/2021 A1 (Leonard) – discovered on January 3, 2021 – is currently between the orbits of Jupiter and Mars, heading inward. It’ll reachperihelion, its closest approach to the sun, around January 3, 2022. We’ll have a whole year to watch this comet get brighter and brighter. It might become the brightest comet of 2021!
Posted by Kelly Whitt in ASTRONOMY ESSENTIALS | HUMAN WORLD
For millennia, humans have viewed the northern and southern lights – aurora borealis and aurora australis – and created myths and folklore to explain the dancing lights they saw in the sky.
Throughout human history, people have witnessed the aurora, both the northern and southern lights, and sought to explain and make sense of these dancing patterns in stories and myths.
In the modern world, science has revealed most of the secrets of the northern lights (aurora borealis) and southern lights (aurora australis). We understand that auroras form when solar particles collide with Earth’s upper atmosphere. Larger solar storms cause a greater influx of particles, which can cause auroras to reach lower latitudes and appear to a greater number of observers. The colors of the aurora are determined by which gases are excited by the solar plasma.
All this scientific knowledge slowly started accumulating more than 2 1/2 centuries ago. But even now, when we look up at the trembling curtains of red, green or blue, a feeling of awe and mystery can pervade this ghostly show. It’s easy to see how many of these centuries-old myths referred to an otherwise unreachable world.
The folklore begins with the name “aurora” itself. Aurora is the Roman goddess of the dawn. The lights, usually starting as a subtle brightening on the northern horizon (in the Northern Hemisphere), appeared to be an out-of-place and untimely arrival of morning.
Image via Jörgen Norrland Andersson.
Tying the mystical lights to gods was an easy step for early cultures. The Algonquins on Manitoulin Island in Lake Huron thought an aurora was a sign of good will from their creator, Nanahbozho. The Chuvash of Siberia believed the aurora borealis was their heaven god helping women in childbirth.
One of the most common legends surrounding the northern lights concerned those who have passed into the Great Beyond. The people of the Six Nations Confederacy believed the northern lights showed the entry point to the Land of the Souls. The Vikings thought auroras were reflections from shields of the Valkyries, maidens who take dead warriors to Valhalla (heaven). The Salteaus of Eastern Canada and the Kwakiutl and Tlingit of southeastern Alaska all saw dancing souls in the flickering sky, sometimes of humans and sometimes of animals such as whales or seals. East Greenland Inuits viewed the lights as children who died at birth. In contrast to the many myths surrounding those who have passed on, the Lakota Sioux interpreted the lights as spirits of generations yet to be born.
View at EarthSky Community Photos. | David Kakuktinniq at Rankin Inlet, Nunavut, Canada, captured the aurora borealis and Mars on September 12, 2020. He wrote: “Northern lights over the Hudson Bay, with Mars near the center of the image.” Thanks, David!
Violence and war frequently made an appearance in these myths. The Sami people of northern Scandinavia believed that the souls of those who died a violent death made up the energy of the northern lights. Fox Indian tribes of Wisconsin feared the lights as ghosts of their slain enemies, trying to rise up again. For this reason, auroras were regarded as an omen of war and pestilence.
Another predominant story found in aurora myth involved games played with balls. Many Inuits’ myths involve the dead playing ball with a walrus head. The Wabanaki of Maine had a story of ball-playing people who had peculiar-colored lights on their heads and rainbow belts that resulted in the aurora.
Tying various animals to the lights was common around the world. Some Scandinavian people from medieval times saw the flickering lights and believed them to be caused by gigantic schools of herring in the sea, the light of their shimmering bodies reflected into the sky. One Finnish myth claims that foxes made of fire flung sparks into the air with their tails. Spotting the northern lights in China is less common, but a myth still evolved that these displays were the result of fire-breathing dragons.
The stunning Dragon Aurora appeared over Iceland in February 2019.
Copyrighted image via Jingyi Zhang & Wang Zheng.
The production of these lights was often blamed on mysterious groups of people who lived beyond the horizon. The Mandan of North Dakota told stories of people in northern nations using giant stew pots to simmer their dead enemies, the reflections of which were cast upon the sky. In Washington state, the Makah people also saw fires of those in the far north, only they spoke of a tribe of dwarves boiling blubber. Menominee Indians of Minnesota and Wisconsin thought the auroras were torches of friendly northern giants used in spearfishing at night. The Maori of New Zealand interpreted their glimpses of the aurora australis as reflected light from torches or campfires from previous generations who had traveled south and settled there.
Sometimes the northern lights figured into part of the weather forecast, as in the Penobscot of Maine believing an aurora foreteold windy weather. In Scotland, auroras are called “merry dancers.” Some believed that the quick motions of the dancers meant unsettled weather, while slow and graceful movements foretold favorable weather.
While we no longer blame auroras for a turn in the weather, they are a part of space weather. The sun can unleash a geomagnetic storm at any time, triggering another round of magnificent auroral displays. Watch the next event and decide for yourself what the lights mean to you.
Bottom line: For millennia, people have viewed the southern and northern lights and created their own myths and folklore explaining the dancing lights they saw in the sky.
Researchers have devised a swarm of small fish-inspired robots that can synchronize their movements by themselves, without any human input. The autonomous robots essentially mimic the behavior of a school of fish in nature, exhibiting a realistic, complex three-dimensional collective behavior.
Each robo-fish (called a ‘Bluebot’) is equipped with cameras and sensors that enable it to track its neighbors and get a sense of direction. This is a step beyond the typical multi-robot communication system, in which individual bots have to communicate with each other via radio and constantly transmit their GPS data.
The team of engineers at Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering even mimicked a fish’s locomotion, opting for flapping fins instead of propellers. The fins actually improve the submersibles’ efficiency and maneuverability compared to conventional underwater drones.
“It’s definitely useful for future applications, for example, a search mission in the open ocean where you want to find people in distress and rescue them quickly,” Florian Berlinger, the lead author of a paper about the research that appeared in Science Robotics on Wednesday, told AFP.
Berlinger added that other applications for these cute underwater bots include environmental monitoring or the inspection of infrastructure.
Credit: Harvard University.
Each robot measures just 10 centimeters (4 inches) in length and the casing is 3D printed. Their design was partly inspired by the blue tang fish, native to the coral reefs of the Indo-Pacific (Dora from Finding Nemo is a blue tang fish).
During a test, a swarm of Bluebots was inserted in a water tank with a light source and no other external input from the researchers. When one of the bots was the first to detect the light, its movements signaled to the others to gather around. The robots could operate similarly in a search-and-rescue mission, the researchers said.
Berlinger hopes to alter the design in the future so that the robo-fish don’t require LEDs to track the direction of the swarm. This way they could be used outside the lab for conservation projects, such as for coral reefs. Ultimately, this remarkable fit of engineering may also one day reveal hidden insights about collective intelligence in nature.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:SF-snufjes }, Robotics and A.I. Artificiel Intelligence ( E, F en NL )
A Secret Roswell Journal Becomes The Focus Of A New UFO Documentary
A Secret Roswell Journal Becomes The Focus Of A New UFO Documentary
A secret journal offers new clues about the nature of the alleged 1947 AD UFO crash at Roswell in the New Mexico desert, or does it? Before we kick off, this isn’t one of these Reddit stories that emerged from some basement decorated with posters of the Starship Enterprise and Chewbacca. Quite the opposite.
Live Science is one off the internet’s more respected academic media outlets and today they tell the story of a hitherto unknown personal diary belonging to Major Jesse Marcel, a head intelligence officer at the Roswell Army Air Field. The secret Roswell journal could change the narrative of this famous UFO event. In particular, the secret Roswell journal may contain secret coded observations that will help to “clarify” what really happened in Roswell in 1947 AD.
Marcel investigated the famous Roswell site in New Mexico where in 1947 a UFO is believed by many to have crashed. Furthermore, he claimed to have recovered some of the debris from whatever ditched in the desert that July night near the Roswell Army Air Field (RAAF). Newspaper photos at the time showed Marcel with pieces of metallic material and on the afternoon of July 8, 1947 AD he disclosed to the media “the crash and recovery of a flying disc.” However, the following day, an army official made a statement saying that a weather balloon had fallen to earth, “not a flying saucer.”
This is a road sign near the original UFO crash site in Roswell. Hopefully, the secret Roswell journal of Major Jesse Marcel will reveal more about what “really” happened in New Mexico on that day!
Will The Secret Roswell Journal Change Everything?
The Roswell story now takes a new turn since Major Marcel's family revealed they had kept his personal secret Roswell journal which contains “hitherto unknown clues about the crash.” The secret diary and its equally secret contents will soon be presented on History Channel´s History's Greatest Mysteries series in an episode called Roswell: The First Witness . The episode was released on December 12th, Saturday, 2020 AD. The show host, Ben Smith, is a former CIA operative and the show's lead investigator. He thinks it is very unusual that the day after the government claimed they had recovered a UFO they switched stories and maintained it was merely “a weather balloon,” Smith told Live Science .
This story is another in a long line of recent reports pertaining to UFOs. According to The Guardian in 2017 AD a former Pentagon official confirmed the existence of a federal agency that had been “secretly investigating UFOs since 2007.” Then, in 2018, U.S. Navy pilots reported “three encounters with fast-moving UAP, or unidentified aerial phenomena” better known to us civies as UFOs. And building up this emerging alien narrative, officially declassified videos of these occurrences were published in April of this year, as previously reported on Live Science .
Secret Roswell Journal: A Problem Of Might, May And Could
Let´s now return to Major Jesse Marcel, the author of the secret Roswell journal. He investigated the site at Roswell and recovered what he believed to be debris from a flying saucer . In 1997 AD, Time published an article saying Marcel told an interviewer at the time that “he believed” the object that crashed in the New Mexico desert had extraterrestrial origins. Now, a forensic analysis of Marcel´s secret Roswell journal “could reveal” coded messages that he wrote about the crash at the time that it happened, Ben Smith said.
When it comes to UFOs and aliens there are believers and there are skeptics. But no one really knows.
This application of the word “could” will no doubt have skeptics raging, because they all know what’s most probably coming here. If the diary really contained any actual evidence that the Roswell incident was nothing more than a collapsed weather balloon we would certainly have heard about it by now. Unless of course thousands of unpaid interns and staff at the network have all kept quiet, doubters can argue. Perhaps the skeptics greatest argument is presented in plain sight in the newspaper photograph of Marcel on the evening of the crash. To all but the most committed believers in extraterrestrials it is perfectly clear that Marcel is holding a piece of a crumpled (crashed) weather balloon.
When the History Channel episode airs and unavoidably “no evidence” of extraterrestrials is offered, perhaps then maybe some “believers” will consider the content of the Ancient Origins news article I wrote about this only last month.
A team of Oxford University researchers recently applied statistics to the question “are we alone” and concluded that “life on earth is probably a unique universal phenomena, and that it´s ‘extremely unlikely’ that any other intelligent life exists anywhere else in the universe.” This is a profound claim that sceptics love and believers loathe.
And the same extreme opinions are likely to flood across social media channels when the details of Major Marcel's secret Roswell journal are revealed.
Top image: A UFO flying over the New Mexico desert. The secret Roswell journal may provide new information about what actually happened in Roswell in 1947 AD. ( aleciccotelli / Adobe Stock)
One of the oldest known cave paintings has been found in Indonesia
One of the oldest known cave paintings has been found in Indonesia
Pig art on the island of Sulawesi dates to at least 45,500 years ago
An Indonesian cave painting of a warty pig, sporting a pair of large bumps on its neck, ranks among the oldest known artistic portrayals of an actual object or living thing, researchers say.
Inside a cave on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, scientists have found one of the oldest known artistic depictions of a real-world object or organism. It’s a painting of a warty pig, an animal still found on Sulawesi, that was rendered on the cave’s back wall at least 45,500 years ago, researchers report January 13 in Science Advances.
The discovery adds to evidence that “the first modern human cave art traditions did not emerge in Ice Age Europe, as long supposed, but perhaps earlier in Asia or even in Africa, where our species evolved,” says study author Adam Brumm, an archaeologist at Griffith University in Brisbane, Australia.
At least two, and possibly three, other partially preserved pig paintings appear on the cave wall near the newly dated figure. All of the painted pigs in the Sulawesi cave appear to be confronting each other in a scene of some sort, says archaeologist Iain Davidson of the University of New England in Armidale, Australia. Similarly positioned, painted animals dating to roughly 30,000 years ago or more appear in scenes in France’s Chauvet Cave, says Davidson, who did not participate in the new study.
On the ceiling of a small chamber in another Sulawesi cave, the researchers found a large pig painting — like the others, executed in red or dark red and purple mineral pigments — that dates to between 32,000 and 73,400 years ago. At least two other poorly preserved paintings of unidentified animals are located on the chamber’s ceiling and wall.
The team considers it likely that Homo sapiens, rather than a closely related species such as Homo floresiensis (SN: 6/8/16), painted on the Sulawesi cave walls.
Like a painted hunting scene from at least 43,900 years ago previously found in a separate Sulawesi cave (SN: 12/11/19), minimum age estimates for the pig paintings are based on measures of radioactive uranium’s decay in cauliflower-like mineral growths that formed in thin layers over and underneath parts of the depictions.
Uranium-based dating of ancient cave art has drawn criticism (SN: 10/28/19). For instance, Brumm’s group dated three mineral layers partly covering one of the pig paintings to estimate its minimum age. The layer closest to the painting was slightly younger than the two layers above it, the opposite of what would be expected if the layers had formed one after the other. Those topsy-turvy dates raise doubts about the accuracy of the painting’s minimum age, says archaeologist João Zilhão of the University of Barcelona.
A mix of slightly older and younger age estimates can result from gaps that form in successive mineral layers, Brumm’s team says. Averaging the dates of multiple layers provides a reasonable, possibly understated minimum age estimate for the underlying art, the researchers contend.
Ultimately, cave art such as the pigs on islands in Southeast Asia and Australia, and probably Sulawesi as well, may be shown to date to as early as around 60,000 to 70,000 years ago, says archaeologist Peter Veth of the University of Western Australia in Perth. That’s when H. sapiens first settled the region, probably bringing mainland cave art traditions with them rather than suddenly inventing the practice on isolated islands, he suggests.
The truth is in there! CIA declassifies TWO THOUSAND documents on UFOs dating back to 1970s that reveal a mysterious object was analyzed by agency's chief scientist in 1976
The truth is in there! CIA declassifies TWO THOUSAND documents on UFOs dating back to 1970s that reveal a mysterious object was analyzed by agency's chief scientist in 1976
A dossier with more than 700 files about Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAPs) was published on The Black Vault website on Thursday
Black Vault founder John Greenewald Jr spent two decades suing the CIA to release the records and then scanning the pages one by one
A DailyMail.com review of about one-tenth of the files in the Black Vault database revealed a few perplexing examples of UAP sightings
One of the reports describes how seemingly urgent UFO information was hand-delivered to the CIA's deputy director for science and technology in 1976
In another report, CIA officials discuss the possibility that UFOs were behind a 'mysterious blast' in the small Russian town of Sasovo in 1991
A treasure trove of newly-unsealed CIA records has revealed chilling accounts of hundreds of UFO sightings across the globe dating back to the 1950s - along with international intelligence agencies' efforts to understand them.
The XXXX dossier with nearly 3,000 pages of documents about Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAPs) - the government's official term for what are commonly called UFOs - was published on The Black Vault website last week.
Thousands of paranormal enthusiasts have already started poring through the collection of more than 700 individual documents, according to Black Vault's founder John Greenewald Jr, who has spent the past two decades suing the CIA to release the records and then scanning the pages into his database one by one.
The CIA purports that the files account for its 'entire' collection of declassified UAP intel, but Greenewald cautions that there's no way to verify that claim and has vowed to continue searching for further records.
The dossier was released ahead of a June deadline for US intelligence agencies to reveal everything they know about UFOs to Congress under a clause slipped into the $2.3trillion coronavirus relief bill signed into law by President Donald Trump in December.
An ongoing DailyMail.com review of the files has uncovered a bevy of perplexing - yet unverified - accounts of mysterious disks tracking across the sky, spewing beams of light across small towns, causing explosions and even a few claims of military officers confronting aliens that come out of outlandish vehicles.
Other documents show correspondence between CIA officers about the UFO sightings. Sometimes the officers brush off observers' stories as purely superstitious, even when another explanation isn't clear. But in several instances the officers show genuine concern that perhaps something XXXXX is at play.
Russian airliner crew describes coming within 50 kilometers of a yellow disk shooting beams of light in Belarus in 1985
Many of the documents included in the Black Vault archive describe UFO sightings in the former Soviet Union - but this one is particularly detailed.
An article from Moscow's Trud newspaper dated January 30, 1985, describes how an airline crew en route from Rostov, Russia, to Tallinn, Estonia, came upon what they perceived to be a UFO about 120 kilometers from Minsk, Belarus, at about 4am.
The article dramatically recounts the incident from the perspective of the crew. 'Glancing over his portion of the sky, the copilot noticed a large star that was not flickering on his upper right. But this is no star, this yellow speck the size of a 5-kopeck coin, stretched out along the edges.
'"No matter..,"' he told himself calmly, "refraction of light in the atmosphere or something else..." A very thin beam of light emerged from the speck and fell vertically down to the ground itself.'
The pilot nudged his three comrades in the cockpit and they watched as the 'beam of light suddenly opened up, turning into a luminous cone. ... A second cone emerged, wider, ... then a third one, broad and quite bright.'
The pilot recommended that they report the sight to the ground, but the commander stopped him, unsure of how they would even describe it.
The men estimated that the object was only about 40 to 50 kilometers away. The copilot pulled out a paper to draw it before 'the beam of the "projector" rose from the ground and focused on the aircraft.'
'The commander was still hesitating: should he report what is taking place or not? But something that put an end to his doubts happened here. The white spot flashed up, and a green cloud emerged in its place.'
The commander recalled seeing the object rush toward his plane, before it suddenly disappeared. 'Well, now they will say we weren't in our right minds.'
The article goes on to describe the crew's conversations with dubious ground controllers.
It concludes with a statement from N. A. Zheltukhin, deputy chairman of the Commission on Aerodynamic Phenomena, who said: 'The commission is conducting a systematic study of [UFO] sightings over the territory of the Soviet Union.
'However, we have to note that regrettably, all the accounts which we have at our disposal suffer from being one-sided or fragmentary to one degree or another.'
Swedish pilot and flight mechanic spot a 'completely unorthodox, metallic object' flying at 'the speed of sound' outside Stockholm in 1953
A CIA report from April 1954 includes three newspaper articles about a purported UFO sighting five months earlier in Sweden.
Captain Christiernsson and flight mechanic Olle Johansson were flying a Trasnair Airlines plane between Malmo and Stockholm on December 17, 1953, when the object appeared in the sky in front of them.
'I do not doubt for an instant that it was not a jet plane,' Christiernsson told the Dagens Nyheter newspaper. 'What I saw was a completely unorthodox, metallic, symmetric, round object which was unlike anything I have seen before.
'The silhouette was thin and it approached me at a very high velocity. Olle Johansson and I have discussed the matter of its speed, and we have estimated the speed to be about that of sound. The whole business took place fantastically quickly, but I believe that I was able to see the object for four to five seconds.'
Johansson said: 'What I saw was an ellipse with sharp outlines and something between silver and white in color. It was approaching from the north in a direction opposite to ours, at a speed of about 1,200 kilometers per hour. It was flying entirely above the clouds. Since we had the automatic pilot on, we had no chance to turn quickly enough to see where the object went.'
More than 700 declassified CIA reports about UFOs dating back to the 1970s were published on The Black Vault website on Thursday (file photo)
Urgent UFO information is hand-delivered to the CIA's top scientist for review in 1976
Asked about which documents had piqued his interest, Greenewald highlighted a report about seemingly urgent UFO information being hand-delivered to an Assistant Deputy Director for Science & Technology at the CIA in April 1976.
Most details about the information were redacted in the document, but Greenewald said he is determine to uncover more through further FOIA requests.
The name of the deputy director was also redacted but records indicate that Carl Duckett served in that position at the time.
The document states: 'We contacted A/DDS&T (Dr [redacted]) to see if he knew of any UFO program and also to answer the questions posed by [redacted].
'Dr [redacted] exhibited interest in [redacted] which was handcarried to his office. After a short examination of its contents Dr [redacted] advised us that he would personally look into the matter and get back to us.'
A second document from June of 1976 appears to request an update on the review, but there is no record of the ordeal after that.
The heavily redacted report above describes seemingly urgent UFO information being hand-delivered to an Assistant Deputy Director for Science & Technology in April 1976
CIA officials discuss the possibility that UFOs were behind a 'mysterious blast' in the small Russian town of Sasovo in 1991
In another report, CIA officials discuss the possibility that UFOs were behind a 'mysterious blast' in the small Russian town of Sasovo - about 400 kilometers southwest of Moscow - in 1991.
Residents reported seeing a 'fiery sphere' descend from the sky before a shockwave tore through the town, leveling an entire block.
The report said investigators had failed to come to a conclusion about the cause of the explosion, leaving open the possibility of UFOs.
It states: 'Some people are talking about munitions left buried since the last war, while others claim that a powerful bomb fell. A third group blame it on a meteorite, and a fourth group blame UFOs... There are people who supposedly saw a moving "fiery sphere".'
Among the more than 700 files in the Black Vault database is this report, where CIA officials discuss the possibility that UFOs were behind a 'mysterious blast' in a small Russian town
UFO enthusiast hounds the CIA for information about a sighting at Ohio Air Force Base
Several of the files appeared to reference the same incident, in which a possible UFO was sighted at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio in 1978.
The reports refer to someone named Dr Leon Davidson who made multiple requests for information about the matter and did not appear to be getting any response.
He is believed to be the same Dr Leon Davidson who studied UFOs for decades beginning in 1949, according to Columbia University, which was gifted a collection of the engineer's research on the subject after his death in 2007.
One report states: '[Redacted] received a letter from Davidson [redacted] in which Davidson asked if the [redacted] tape had been analyzed at Wright Field.
'[Redacted] replied that the tape was forwarded to proper authorities for evaluation and no information was available concerning results.
'[Redacted] then received a second letter dated 19 March from Davidson in which he said since [redacted] was not in a position to make enquires he would like the address of proper parties to make them to.
'[Redacted] replied that he understood the proper address for forwarding information on "flying saucers" is Air Technical Intelligence Center, Wright Patterson Air Force Base.
'Subsequently, [redacted] learned that Davidson made enquiries there. Apparently they stalled him.'
In May of that year another report asks: 'What progress has been made? This correspondence is more than a month old. I am afraid the longer we procrastinate the more fuel we add to the fire. Also, the people at Wright Field are holding their breaths awaiting advice.'
A third report, for which the date is illegible, says: 'Davidson is on our backs again. He wants a verbatim translation of the "space" message and the identification of the transmitter from which it came.'
In a fourth report - which indicates that the case is 'closed' - the author states that Davidson was writing an article about the incident entitled: 'The Air Force and the Saucers, Part Three: The Central Intelligence Agency becomes involved with Saucers.'
It indicates that the CIA did provide Davidson with some information, but does not disclose what that information was.
In the final report on the matter, the author indicates that the CIA will no longer be responding to Davidson's correspondence.
Wright-Patterson AFB has long been linked to conspiracy theories about alien life, after serving as the headquarters of an Air Force program- dubbed 'Project Blue Book', which studied UFOs from 1947 to 1969.
Over the course of those two decades the project garnered more than 12,600 reports of UFO sightings - 701 of which were never 'identified', according to the Dayton Daily News.
Several of the files appeared to reference the same incident, in which a possible UFO was sighted at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio in 1978. The reports refer to someone named Dr Leon Davidson who made multiple requests for information about the matter and did not appear to be getting any response
In May of that year another report asks: 'What progress has been made?'
A third report, for which the date is illegible, says: 'Davidson is on our backs again. He wants a verbatim translation of the "space" message and the identification of the transmitter from which it came'
In a fourth report - which indicates that the case is 'closed' - the author states that Davidson was writing an article about the incident entitled: 'The Air Force and the Saucers, Part Three: The Central Intelligence Agency becomes involved with Saucers'
In the final report on the matter, the author indicates that the CIA will no longer be responding to Davidson's correspondence
UFO sighted in Morocco in 1976
One of the most heavily-redacted documents reviewed by DailyMail.com is dated September 23, 1976, and features the words: 'To immediate director - with personal request to investigate UFO sighted in Morocco.'
The full-page report is covered in 25 black lines that appeared to have been made directly with a pen.
The report was first approved for release in February of 2010, a footnote indicates.
One of the most heavily-redacted documents reviewed by DailyMail.com is dated September 23, 1976, and features the words: 'To immediate director - with personal request to investigate UFO sighted in Morocco'
Many of the files are similarly redacted to remove nearly every little detail beyond the word UFO.
Some in the mix merely mention the keywords 'UFO', 'UAP' or 'extraterrestrial' in the context of unrelated topics, offering little to no insight about the CIA's overall knowledge about those keywords.
For example, one document entitled 'Hypervelocity Test Techniques Discussed' describes a French study of a force which could be used to deflect UFOs - defined in the document as 'undesired flying objects' - not unidentified ones.
Another document joined the pile because it features a newspaper column about a Bosnian fugitive, in which the author mocks the Pentagon's failure to find the man despite 'communicating regularly with extraterrestrial beings'.
One document entitled 'Hypervelocity Test Techniques Discussed' describes a French study of a force which could be used to deflect UFOs - defined in the document as 'undesired flying objects' - not unidentified ones
Another document joined the pile because it features a newspaper column about a Bosnian fugitive, in which the author mocks the Pentagon's failure to find the man despite 'communicating regularly with extraterrestrial beings'
'It was like pulling teeth': Greenewald recounts the 20 years he's spent fighting for access to CIA records on UFOs
Black Vault's founder John Greenewald Jr (pictured) has spent the past two decades suing the CIA to release the records and then scanning the pages one by one
Greenewald began investigating the US government's research on UFOs when he was just 15 years old in 1996.
He described his painstaking efforts to Motherboard on Monday, saying he filed countless Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests to unseal the records.
'Around 20 years ago, I had fought for years to get additional UFO records released from the CIA,' Greenewald said.
'It was like pulling teeth. I went around and around with them to try and do so, finally achieving it.
'I received a large box, of a couple thousand pages, and I had to scan them in one page at a time.'
The dossier contains both the records that Greenewald requested and others that the CIA had already released publicly and compiled into a CD, which Black Vault purchased last year.
In a blog post Greenewald noted that while the CIA claims it has released all of its UAP documents, there is no way to verify whether some documents may have been withheld.
In a Twitter thread on Tuesday he explained how the records available on the CIA's website are incomplete, despite the agency 'giving the illusion' that everything is there.
He posted screengrabs of a CIA site search which produced 415 results for UFO-related FOIA requests - compared to the 713 files on the Black Vault.
In a Twitter thread on Tuesday Greenewald explained how the records available on the CIA's website are incomplete, despite the agency 'giving the illusion' that everything is there
Greenewald also emphasized how the CIA releases its records in a format that is far from user-friendly.
'The CIA has made it incredibly difficult to use their records in a reasonable manner,' Greenewald told Motherboard.
'They offer a format that is very outdated (multi page .tif) and offer text file outputs, largely unusable, that I think they intend to have people use as a "search" tool.
'In my opinion, this outdated format makes it very difficult for people to see the documents, and use them, for any research purpose.
'Researchers and curious minds alike prefer simplicity and accessibility when they look at data dumps such as these.'
Despite the inconvenience, Greenewald said thousands of people had already downloaded the archive on the first day it was posted on the Black Vault.
He's offering the archive for free but set up a Patreon account for anyone who wants to donate money to support his past and future efforts to uncover CIA records.
'Plain and simple, the public has a right to know,' Greenewald said.
'When I began researching nearly 25 years ago at the age of 15, I knew there was something to this topic. Not because of viral internet hoaxes. Not because of back door meetings wherein I can’t tell you who, but I promise it was mind-blowing information. No, none of that.
'It was simply because of the evidence that I got straight from the CIA. And the NSA. And the Air Force. And the DIA. I feel I am achieving what I set out to do. Easy access, to important material, for people to make up their own minds on what is going on.'
Greenewald (pictured) began investigating the US government's research on UFOs when he was just 15 years old in 1996. His Black Vault database is the result of countless different Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests
US intelligence faces six-month deadline to submit unclassified UFO report to Congress
UFO detectives like Greenewald may soon have even more intel to sift through, with the upcoming deadline for US intelligence agencies to submit an unclassified report about 'unidentified aerial phenomena' to congressional intelligence and armed services committees.
The director of National Intelligence and the secretary of defense have just under six months to do so, after a stipulation in the 'committee comment' section of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 was included in the huge bill, according to CNN.
The Senate intelligence committee's directive said that the report should be unclassified, but it can contain a classified annex. Therefore, it is unlikely to reveal the discovery of extra-terrestrial life reaching earth.
It does, however, state that the report must contain detailed analysis of UFO data and intelligence collected by the Office of Naval Intelligence, the Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force and the FBI.
Detail of 'an interagency process for ensuring timely data collection and centralized analysis of all unidentified aerial phenomena reporting for the Federal Government' must be included, and it should designate an official responsible for that process.
A spokesperson for the Office of the Director of National Intelligence confirmed the requirement for the report to the fact-checking website Snopes.
Navy pilots believe they spotted a UFO just off the coast in Jacksonville in 2015 (pictured)
In April last year, the Pentagon released three short videos - one from 2004 and two from 2015 - that showed 'unidentified aerial phenomena', which had earlier been confirmed to be real by the US Navy.
The videos, recorded by infrared cameras, showed what appeared to be unidentified flying objects quickly moving across the sky.
In the background of two of the videos, service members can be heard reacting as they watch the objects, with one speculating it could be a drone.
In August, the Pentagon announced that it was setting up a task force to investigate the objects, but it is still unclear what the objects are or where they came from.
Both Pentagon officials and members of Congress have been concerned about the appearance of unidentified objects flying over US military bases, with some suggesting the objects in the video could be drones collecting intelligence.
In June last year, the Senate Intelligence Committee voted to have the Pentagon and intelligence community provide public analysis of such encounters.
This is not the first time the Pentagon has investigated aerial encounters with UFOs, having previously studied recordings of such incidents as part of a classified program launched by former Senator Harry Reid, that has since been shut down.
That program was launched in 2007 and closed in 2012, the Pentagon says, after it decided there were higher priority areas that required funding.
More than three decades' worth of government UFO records are now yours to download and peruse, thanks to the efforts of some intrepid truth-seekers.
The massive data dump includes more than 2,700 pages of UFO-related documents declassified by the CIA since the 1980s. (The U.S. government also calls them "unidentified aerial phenomena, or UAP). According to The Black Vault — an online repository of UFO-related documents operated by author John Greenwald Jr. — the documents were obtained through a long string of Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests filed over the last quarter century .
Over time, so many requests piled up that the CIA created a CD-ROM full of declassified documents, known as "The UFO collection." In mid-2020, Greenwald purchased the CD-ROM, and he recently finished uploading its contents as a series of searchable PDF files on his website. (You can find them at The Black Vault.)
The documents cover dozens of incidents, including the 1976 account of the government’s then-Assistant Deputy Director for Science & Technology being hand-delivered a mysterious piece of intelligence on a UFO, to the description of a mysterious midnight explosion in a small Russian town.
"Although the CIA claims this is their 'entire' [declassified] collection, there may be no way to entirely verify that," Greenwald wrote in a statement on The Black Vault website. "Research by The Black Vault will continue to see if there are additional documents still uncovered within the CIA's holdings."
The data dump arrives months before officials from the U.S. Department of Defense and intelligence agencies are due to appear before Congress and spill their guts on everything they know about UFOs, the New York Post reported. A provision attached to the nearly 5,600-page COVID-29 relief bill passed in late December 2020 requires the agencies, "to submit a report within 180 days … to the congressional intelligence and armed services committees on unidentified aerial phenomena."
Repository of sensitive government intelligence, or bootleg 'X-Files' DVD? This CD-ROM actually contains nearly 2,700 pages of declassified CIA documents, according to the Black Vault. (Image credit: The Black Vault)
The provision follows a banner year for UFOs, when startling footage of an unidentified object darting around several U.S. Navy planes in 2004 and 2015 was finally declassified.
While the new data dump is significant, it's also just a drop in the bucket of The Black Vault's enormous archive. The website reportedly contains more than 2.2 million pages of UFO-related material in its archive, which Greenwald obtained through more than 10,000 FOIA requests. According to the Vault website, Greenwald filed his first FOIA request in 1996, when he was just 15 years old.
Posted by Kelly Whitt in ASTRONOMY ESSENTIALS | EARTH
Our Earth and sun were born together, and their fates are tied together. As our star becomes a red giant and billows outward, our planet will become a dry, scorched, uninhabitable rock. This will happen even as our Milky Way galaxy collides with the Andromeda galaxy next door.
Artist’s concept of a red giant star scorching a planet in orbit around it.
Image via ESO/ L. Calçada.
Earth exists thanks to our sun, having formed in orbit around it from a huge cloud of gas and dust in space, 4.5 billion years ago. Likewise, the sun will ruin Earth for living things, some 5 billion years from now. As the sun evolves, it’ll expand to become a red giant star and fry our planet to a cinder. What’s more, the death of the Earth will happen against a backdrop of change on a galactic scale. Our Milky Way galaxy and the Andromeda galaxy will be in the midst of a colossal collision that’ll forever alter our galactic home in space.
Our sun is a G-type star currently about halfway through its life cycle. This type of star is very stable for the majority of its life, quietly fusing hydrogen into helium in its interior for billions of years. One day, the hydrogen in the sun’s interior will be depleted. At that point, the inward pressure of gravity will win out over the outward pressure of the sun’s internal fusion, until the sun heats up enough to start fusing helium. At that point, the sun will balloon outward to become a red giant star.
As the sun heats up and expands, its outer layers will envelop the innermost planets, Mercury and Venus. The outer edge of the sun will grow to reach roughly the orbit of Earth. Our planet’s water and atmosphere will boil away, leaving nothing behind but a charred, lifeless rock. Mars will take a while to heat up, but, eventually, Mars will be outside the habitable zone for humans, too. At that point, the moons of the outer planets – like Jupiter and Saturn – will be the only places left in our solar system for human colonies.
But these locations, too, will be only temporary fixes in the search for a new home.
As our sun expands into the red giant phase, the habitable zone around it will be pushed outward in the solar system.
Image via NASA/ Wendy Kenigsburg.
The red giant phase of the sun might continue for a billion years or so, but eventually the helium will run out, too. Then the sun will blow off an envelope of gas. Astronomers peering through telescopes in other star systems will see our sun as what we call a planetary nebula, a great shell of gas surrounding a dying star. Ultimately that shell will dissipate off into space, and what’s left of our sun will become a white dwarf star.
Earth’s astronomers can look outward into space to glimpse of Earth’s future. For example, 400 light-years away, a star known to astronomers as SDSS J1228+1040 is a white dwarf with its gas nebula funeral shroud, and within it astronomers have found the signature of a planetesimal still orbiting its home sun long after its calamitous death.
And what of the Milky Way galaxy itself, the great island of stars containing our Earth and sun? By the time our sun is ballooning into the red giant phase – long before it settles down as a white dwarf – the Milky Way itself will be undergoing a long process of inevitable collision with the giant spiral galaxy next-door, the Andromeda galaxy. The last humans on Earth – if any humans are left a couple of billion years from now – will see the Andromeda galaxy growing larger and brighter in the night sky. It’s currently barely visible to the unaided eye from a dark-sky site. But, a couple of billion years from now, the Andromeda galaxy will be a breathtaking, unmistakable whirl of stars easily visible in the night sky of any and all Earthly inhabitants.
As Andromeda and the Milky Way move closer to each other, the Andromeda galaxy’s great mass will begin to affect the stars in our Milky Way. Our galaxy is wide and flat, like a pancake. We on Earth currently see its stars on a dark August evening as a great hazy band across the sky. But as the gravity of Andromeda distorts their paths, the Milky Way’s stars will be strewn across our sky.
It may seem incredible, but stars within galaxies are so far apart that even when the two giant spirals collide there will be few fireworks from collisions between stars. However, gas clouds in the two galaxies will likely collide, forming vast conglomerations of new stars.
This series of illustrations shows the predicted merger between our Milky Way galaxy and the neighboring Andromeda galaxy.
Ultimately, the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies will settle down to form a new massive blob-shaped galaxy. By this point, Earth, our sun and the rest of our solar system might be in some entirely new location with respect to the galactic center. At present, Earth lies some 25,000 light-years from the center of the Milky Way. After Andromeda and the Milky Way merge, astronomers believe our home in space will have been ripped outward to a new galactic orbit some 100,000 light-years from the center of the new, large Andromeda-Milky Way combo galaxy. As theorist T.J. Cox of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics said:
You could say that we’re being sent to a retirement home in the country.
And what will be the fate of humanity? That’s impossible to say. If it survives, humanity’s future will depend on our ability to travel away from our dying sun and set up camp elsewhere.
Fortunately, we have a few billion years to figure out how to accomplish this monumental task.
Bottom line: What will be Earth’s fate? Earth is bound to become a dry, scorched rock, as our sun becomes a red giant star. What’s more, as the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies collide, our sun and Earth (and the rest of our solar system) are expected to be hurled outward, away from the galactic center, to the outskirts of a new large galaxy created in the collision.
Megalodons – the extinct giant sharks that lived in most of Earth’s oceans about 3 million years ago – gave birth to babies that were larger than adult humans, scientists say.
Megalodons are the biggest predatory sharks ever discovered.
Made famous by the 2018 blockbuster “The Meg,” the largest predatory shark ever discovered, the megalodon, is a bit of a mystery. We know it lived between 15 and 3.6 million years ago and it reached at least 45 feet (14 meters) in length, more than double the size of an adult great white. But learning any more about the giant shark requires a bit of detective work.
Because of its soft cartilaginous skeleton, only a few parts of the shark’s body are mineralized and preserved, including its teeth, skull and spine. This means the fossil record is very poor for this animal. Unsurprisingly, the predator’s 7-inch (17-cm) teeth have received a lot of attention from researchers. But in a newly published study, Professor Kenshu Shimada of DePaul University and colleagues sought clues elsewhere.
By examining the spine of the now extinct megalodon, the team found it gave live birth to babies 6.5 feet (2 meters) long, larger than an average adult human. Exactly how the babies got so big was likely due to cannibalism, eating their unhatched siblings in the womb.
Secrets in the spine
Like humans, sharks have a spine made up of lots components called vertebrae, which grow as the animal gets older. The researchers measured the vertebra of a megalodon from the Miocene epoch, which lasted from 5 to 23 million years ago.
By comparing it to modern great white sharks, the team estimated that the megalodon it came from was around 30 feet (9 meters) long when it was alive, but they didn’t stop there. Sharks deposit rings of hard tissue on their vertebra each year, and like the trunk of a tree these can be used to estimate age.
To count these rings inside the scientists would have had to cut through the fossil, damaging it forever. The solution was to use detailed X-ray scanning to study the internal structures, without causing any harm to the priceless specimen, revealing this shark died when it was 46 years old.
Megalodon babies grew bigger than adult humans by eating their siblings in the womb.
Looking down through the layers, the team could see how large this vertebra was when the shark was born. Astonishingly, the size estimate at the first growth ring imply the shark was two meters (over 6 feet) when born, meaning it was larger than an average adult human at birth.
Some sharks lay eggs, while others give birth to live young. In most sharks, however, the eggs hatch inside the mother, where the young feed on the egg yolk and fluids that she secretes until they are born fully formed.
The enormous birth size estimate for this particular megalodon provides strong evidence that this species had the same reproductive mode, with a great deal of investment in a smaller number of huge offspring. The dark secret of the megalodon is that to achieve this size in the uterus, the developing young must have been eating a lot.
Eating their siblings
It is very likely, this new study argues, that the babies’ growth was fueled by cannibalism of their unhatched siblings, a sinister conveyor belt of high protein snacks for hungry pups.
It is unknown exactly how many megalodon embryos were produced. In basking sharks today, millions of eggs are created and sent to be fertilized. The hatched embryos begin to eat the surrounding eggs and in some cases, like the sand tiger shark, they eat other embryos too. Sharks can hold one or more pups in each of their two uteri, so it is likely at least two megalodons were born at a time.
This grim survival mechanism is not unique. All living sharks of the lamniform order, a group which includes great white, mako, and thresher sharks, use this strategy, which has existed for at least 70 million years.
This study also conservatively estimates the life expectancy of the species at 88-100 years old, using their spine data and well-established growth patterns of the teeth. This is in line with estimated ages for great white and whale sharks, only falling short of the record breaking 500-year-old Greenland sharks, known to live life in the slow lane of cold northern seas.
It seems the start of a megalodon’s life was a tale of two halves. They were protected by a wonderful mother sacrificing time and energy to her pups, while they wrought havoc in the womb.
Forty years of satellite data show that 2020 was just the latest in a decades-long decline of Arctic sea ice.
2020’s sea ice minimum in the Arctic Ocean came on September 15. Arctic sea ice on that date covered an area of 1.44 million square miles (3.74 million square km). It was the 2nd-lowest Arctic sea ice extend since modern record keeping began. How do we know? Scientists at NASA and the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) determined 2020’s sea ice minimum via an analysis of satellite data.
Throughout 2020, the Arctic Ocean and surrounding seas endured several notable weather and climate events. In spring, a persistent heatwave over Siberia provoked the rapid melting of sea ice in the East Siberian and Laptev Seas. By the end of summer, Arctic Ocean ice cover melted back to the second-lowest minimum extent on record. In autumn, the annual freeze-up of sea ice got off to a late and sluggish start.
But any single month, season, or even year, is just a snapshot in time. The long view is more telling, and it is troubling.
Forty years of satellite data show that 2020 was just the latest in a decades-long decline of Arctic sea ice. In a review of scientific literature, polar scientists Julienne Stroeve and Dirk Notz outlined some of these changes: In addition to shrinking ice cover, melting seasons are getting longer and sea ice is losing its longevity.
The longer melting seasons are the result of increasingly earlier starts to spring melting and ever-later starts to freeze-up in autumn. The map above shows trends in the onset of freeze-up from 1979 through 2019. Averaged across the entire Arctic Ocean, freeze-up is happening about a week later per decade. That equates to nearly one month later since the start of the satellite record in 1979.
The change is part of a cycle called the ice-albedo feedback. Open ocean water absorbs 90% of the sun’s energy that falls on it; bright sea ice reflects 80% of it. With greater areas of the Arctic Ocean exposed to solar energy early in the season, more heat can be absorbed, a pattern that reinforces melting. Until that heat escapes to the atmosphere, sea ice cannot not regrow.
The chart above demonstrates another way the Arctic is changing: the average age of sea ice is becoming younger. At the start of the satellite record, much of the ice covering the Arctic Ocean was greater than four years old. Today, most of the ice covering the Arctic Ocean is “first-year ice,” ice that forms in winter and does not survive a single summer melt season. (After sea ice reaches its minimum extent each September, the remaining ice graduates to second-year status.)
Dominated by thin first-year ice, along with some older ice thinned by warm ocean water, the Arctic sea ice pack is becoming more fragile. In summer 2020, ships easily navigated the Northern Sea Route in ice-free waters, and even made it to the North Pole without much resistance.
Fortunately, summers are still not entirely ice-free. Stroeve, a researcher at University of Manitoba, said:
We’ve been hovering for some time around 4 million square kilometers [1.5 million square miles] of Arctic sea ice each summer.
She added that she intends to examine which conditions and processes could push sea ice to the next “precipitous drop,” when the extent of summer ice cover drops to a new benchmark of 3 million square kilometers (1 million square miles).
Ice floes in the Laptev Sea, which lies north of the Siberian coast. This part of the Arctic Ocean is usually a factory for new sea ice. But sea ice in the Laptev Sea reached a record low in 2020.
La fin de l'énigme de l'origine des trous noirs supermassifs avec la découverte du plus lointain quasar connu ? - Part I
La fin de l'énigme de l'origine des trous noirs supermassifs avec la découverte du plus lointain quasar connu ? - Part I
Comment sont nés les trous noirs supermassifs, dont certains sont à l'origine des quasars, tapis au centre des galaxies ? Ils ne se seraient formés à partir d'étoiles géantes qui se seraient ensuite effondrées en trous noirs géants, germes des trous noirs supermassifs. C'est ce que suggère maintenant la découverte du plus lointain quasar connu à ce jour qui accrédite une autre hypothèse.
[EN VIDÉO] Trous noirs : un terrifiant phénomèneComment chasser les trous noirs puisqu'on ne les voit pas ? En repérant les effets, parfois dantesques, qu'ils imposent à leur environnement, par exemple en accélérant la matière. On peut aussi « écouter » le bruit de leurs collisions en détectant les ondes gravitationnelles. Le Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) nous dévoile depuis peu l'horizon des événements de trous noirs supermassifs.
Mais une énigme en a découlé. Ces trous noirs contiennent de plusieurs millions à plusieurs milliards de masses solaires, de sorte qu'ils ne peuvent résulter de l'effondrement d'étoiles ordinaires dont toutes les observations montrent qu'elles ne dépassent que rarement les 100 masses solaires.
Plusieurs mécanismes ont été proposés depuis environ un demi-siècle pour produire des germes de trous noirs supermassifs, germes dont les tailles vont croître avec les apports des courants froids et les collisions galactiques conduisant à la fusion des trous noirs géants que les grandes galaxies contiennent.
Toutes les galaxies abritent en leur centre un trou noir supermassif, de masse comprise entre un million et quelques milliards de masses solaires, explique dans cette conférence Françoise Combes, astronome à l'Observatoire de Paris au Laboratoire d'étude du rayonnement et de la matière en astrophysique (LERMA). Son domaine actuel de recherche concerne la formation et l’évolution des galaxies.
Ainsi, la naissance de l'Univers observable devait s'accompagner d'un plasma dense et turbulent de matière dont la densité fluctuait chaotiquement localement. Parfois, cette densité devait être suffisamment élevée pour s'opposer, par son champ de gravitation et tout aussi localement, à l'expansion du cosmos et à la pression du plasma de particules élémentaires. Des trous noirs primordiaux, de tailles très différentes, pouvaient donc prendre naissance en s'effondrant gravitationnellement. Malheureusement, ce scénario, bien que toujours autorisé par les observations, est devenu sévèrement contraint, et il n'est pas certain que ce soit vraiment ne serait-ce qu'une partie de la solution de l'énigme des trous noirs supermassifs.
Une autre hypothèse, moins connue, fait intervenir la naissance d'amas globulaires si denses que la théorie de la relativité générale est nécessaire pour rendre compte de leur comportement. Ces amas relativistes d'étoiles sont instables et peuvent s'effondrer gravitationnellement en trou noir. On se pose des questions sur eux depuis les années 1960, comme le montre l'exemple du prix Nobel de Physique Kip Thorne. À l'époque, certains pensaient même qu'ils pouvaient expliquer les quasars. En générant un important décalage vers le rouge du fait de leur champ de gravitation, on pouvait croire par erreur en appliquant la loi de Hubble-Lemaître qu'ils étaient très distants et donc très lumineux, ce qui pouvait expliquer la vraie nature des quasars. On sait aujourd'hui que ce n'est pas le cas et ces amas stellaires relativistes attendent encore un vrai contact avec les observations.
Troisième hypothèse, celle de l'existence tôt dans l'histoire du cosmos d'étoiles supermassives, elles aussi instables en raison d'effets relativistes. Comme Futura l'expliquait dans le précédent article ci-dessous, des simulations numériques crédibles font effectivement naître ce genre d'étoiles qui va rapidement donner naissance à des trous noirs intermédiaires entre les trous noirs stellaires classiques et les trous noirs supermassifs, contenant de l'ordre de 10.000 à 100.000 masses solaires.
Un trou noir 1.000 fois plus brillant que la Voie lactée
Aujourd'hui, une publication dans Astrophysical Journal Letters et que l'on peut trouver en accès libre sur arXiv semble en mesure de départager les scénarios avancés. Elle provient d'une équipe internationale d'astronomes qui annonce en tout premier lieu avoir établi un nouveau record de distance avec la découverte du plus lointain quasar connu à ce jour. Il a été débusqué dans les observations du réseau de radiotélescopes de l'Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (Alma) au Chili.
Dans un catalogue, le quasar porte le nom de J0313-1806 et il est observé alors que le cosmos n'avait encore que 670 millions d'années environ. Or, la masse du trou noir derrière ce quasar, environ 1.000 fois plus brillant à lui seul que notre Voie lactée, est estimée à environ 1,6 milliard de fois celle du Soleil. Les observations d'Alma permettent d'estimer également que la galaxie hôte du quasar forme de nouvelles étoiles à une vitesse 200 fois supérieure à celle de notre Galaxie, et que la luminosité du quasar indique que le trou noir accrète et avale une quantité de matière équivalente à 25 Soleils chaque année.
Selon les chercheurs, un trou noir aussi massif, et né aussi tôt dans l'histoire du cosmos observable, serait donc apparu bien trop vite pour avoir démarré son existence suite à l'effondrement d'une étoile supermassive ou d'un amas stellaire relativiste.
Il ne resterait qu'une hypothèse en liste et ce n'est pas celle des trous noirs primordiaux bien qu'elle soit une cousine. Non, le trou noir derrière J0313-1806 se serait formé directement par l'effondrement d'un immense nuage d'hydrogène et d'hélium après le Big Bang.
CE QU'IL FAUT RETENIR
Comment sont nés les trous noirs supermassifs au cœur de presque toutes les grandes galaxies avec des masses vont de un million à quelques milliards de masses solaires et dont certains sont à l'origine des quasars ?
Plusieurs explications sont possibles mais la plus probable semblait celle soutenue par des simulations numériques qui se multiplient depuis quelques années.
Ils se seraient formés à partir d'étoiles géantes de quelque 10.000 à 100.000 masses solaires qui ne pouvaient bien s'établir qu'au tout début de l'histoire du cosmos observable, quand peu d'éléments lourds existaient.
Ces germes de trous noirs auraient alors grandi en étant alimentés par des courants froids de matière baryonique.
Mais la découverte d'un quasar lointain ne cadre pas avec l'hypothèse qui nécessiterait plus de temps pour faire naître celui aujourd'hui observé et qui bat un record de distance. Un immense nuage de gaz s'effondrant directement en trou noir supermassif ferait l'affaire.
Une coupe de l'intérieur d'une étoile supermassive d'environ 55.000 masses solaires débutant son explosion. Il s'agit d'une simulation montrant les courants de matière qui s'élèvent tels des panaches dans un volume dont le rayon est celui de l'orbite de la Terre.
Comment sont nés les trous noirs supermassifs, dont certains sont à l'origine des quasars, tapis au centre des galaxies ? De nouvelles simulations numériques sur le superordinateur japonais ATERUI II confortent le scénario où ils se seraient formés à partir d'étoiles géantes de quelque 10.000 masses solaires. Ces astres se seraient ensuite effondrés en trous noirs géants, germes des trous noirs supermassifs.
Le premier succès de la collaboration Event Horizon Telescope avec la première image d'un trou noir, en l'occurrence M87*, en sera sans nul doute suivi de bien d'autres, à commencer par une image d'un autre trou noir supermassif, celui au cœur de notre Voie lactée, Sgr A*. Mais cette réussite éclatante ne doit pas nous faire oublier que nous ne savons toujours pas vraiment comment sont nés les trous noirs, contenant de quelques millions à quelques milliards de masses solaires, que l'on observe depuis des décennies au centre des galaxies, qu'elles soient spirales ou elliptiques.
Il semble de plus en plus clair qu'ils sont nés à partir de trous noirs déjà bien plus massifs que les trous noirs stellaires, qui ne peuvent naître qu'à partir d'étoiles contenant une centaines de masses solaires tout au plus, et que la croissance de ces germes des trous noirs supermassifs se serait ensuite largement poursuivie, tout comme pour les galaxies, en raison de l'existence de courants froids de matière ordinaire canalisés par des filaments de matière noire. Mais quid de l'origine de ces germes eux-mêmes ?
Des nuages de matière géants qui s'effondrent directement en trou noir ?
Plusieurs hypothèses ont été avancées, par exemple, celle faisant intervenir des trous noirs cosmologiques primordiaux, vestiges de la phase à haute densité du Big Bang où de grandes quantités de matière pouvaient s'effondrer gravitationnellement en donnant directement ces trous noirs. Mais, il est aussi possible de faire intervenir des étoiles exotiques très massives faisant partie des toutes premières étoiles du cosmos observable, celles dites de Population III. Ces étoiles seraient nées dans les conditions particulières de l'Univers au moment des âges sombres, alors que la matière baryonique à l'origine de toutes les étoiles était constituée d'un mélange presque pur d'hydrogène, d'hélium et leurs isotopes, sans aucune trace d'éléments lourds comme le carbone, le silicium et le fer.
Cette différence est d'importance, depuis des milliards d'années, l'existence de poussières silicatées et carbonées est nécessaire pour permettre l'effondrement des nuages moléculaires et poussiéreux où naissent des pouponnières d'étoiles. En effet, en s'effondrant sous leur propre gravité, ces nuages s'échauffent et il apparait une pression qui stoppe l'effondrement, sauf si un agent dissipe une partie de la chaleur dans ces nuages, les conduisant à se refroidir. Au sortir du Big Bang, sans ces poussières, la formation des étoiles ne pouvait pas être la même, et de fait, on a également des problèmes pour faire naître des étoiles supermassives qui, après avoir explosé en supernovae, pourraient laisser des trous noirs géants contenant bien plus que quelques centaines de masses solaires, les germes des trous noirs supermassifs.
Il se trouve qu'une équipe d'astrophysiciens japonais de l'Université de Tohoku (Japon) vient d'apporter une nouvelle lumière sur la genèse possible de ces étoiles supermassives comme elle l'explique dans un article publié dans Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society mais que l'on peut aussi trouver en accès libre sur arXiv.
Trous noirs supermassifs : des étoiles supergéantes en seraient à l'origine - PART II
Des étoiles de 10.000 masses solaires
Sunmyon Chon et son collègue Kazuyuki Omukai ont ainsi utilisé le superordinateur ATERUI II pour effectuer des simulations 3D haute résolution qui étaient impossibles à faire auparavant et qui concernaient certaines variantes des scénarios envisagées pour la formation des étoiles supermassives. Rappelons que la théorie de ces objets nécessairement décrits au moyen de la théorie de la relativité générale d'Einstein a une longue histoire qui remonte au début des années 1960 avec les travaux de Hoyle, Chandrasekhar, Feynman et Zel’dovich pour ne citer qu'eux. Certains espéraient rendre compte avec elles des quasars nouvellement découverts. Par nature très lumineuses, elles devaient aussi subir un fort effet de décalage spectral vers le rouge à cause d'un fort champ de gravitation les faisant donc passer pour très lointaines en raison de la loi de Hubble-Lemaitre.
Il se trouve que les précédentes simulations de formations d'étoiles massives en faisaient naître trop peu à partir du gaz primordial du Big Bang. Ensuite, le début de l'enrichissement très rapide de ce gaz en éléments lourds inhibait leur formation. Les calculs montraient en effet que ces éléments lourds conduisaient des nuages atomiques d'hydrogène à se fragmenter en donnant des étoiles nettement moins massives.
Un extrait de la simulation des chercheurs japonais. Trois étoiles supermassives en noir sont bien visibles, les autres, en blanc et jaune, sont des étoiles ordinaires. L'échelle est donnée en unité astronomique (1 au valant 150 millions de km environ ).
Mais, avec les moyens de calculs modernes, les algorithmes des modèles qu'ont implémentés Chon et Omukai sur ATERUI II se sont mis à raconter un tout autre scénario. Les nuages atomiques enrichis en éléments lourds par les premières explosions de supernovae se fractionnaient en étoiles non-supermassives. Mais l'existence d'un fort flux de gaz en direction des régions les plus denses de ces nuages conduisent les jeunes étoiles vers ces régions où elles fusionnent en donnant des étoiles 10.000 fois plus massives que le Soleil !
Au final, il semble bien que ce scénario soit en mesure de rendre compte de la population de trous noirs supermassifs observée car le taux de leur formation est fortement augmenté. Mais il reste du travail à faire pour vraiment le confirmer. Ce qui est sûr, c'est qu'une nouvelle voie de recherche a été ouverte.
Une vue d'artiste de la simulation précédente. Trois étoiles supermassives y avalent des étoiles de masses solaires.
Trous noirs supermassifs : des étoiles supergéantes en seraient à l'origine - PART II
Article de Laurent Sacco publié le 13/03/2017
Comment sont nés les trous noirs supermassifs, dont certains sont à l'origine des quasars, tapis au centre des galaxies ? De nouvelles et récentes simulations numériques consolident une des hypothèses avancées : ils se seraient formés à partir d'étoiles géantes de quelque 100.000 masses solaires. L'étude des ondes gravitationnelles pourrait confirmer, ou pas, ce scénario.
Dès le début des années 1960, l'existence d'étoiles supermassives a été postulée pour expliquer les observations étonnantes concernant les quasars qui venaient tout juste de faire leur apparition en astrophysique (voir article ci-dessous). La luminosité intrinsèque de ces objets semblait difficile à admettre étant donné leur décalage spectral vers le rouge qui indiquait qu'ils étaient très lointains. Des quantités prodigieuses d'énergie devaient être libérées chaque seconde et il n'était pas possible d'en rendre compte à partir de réactions de fusion thermonucléaire. Il était alors plus confortable intellectuellement de supposer l'existence d'étoiles géantes proches de la Voie lactée, voire dans notre Galaxie, mais avec un champ de gravitation si élevé qu'il produisait l'important décalage observé. Cette hypothèse aida à la création de l'astrophysique relativiste car de telles étoiles devaient nécessairement être soumises à des effets non négligeables de la physique d'Einstein concernant le champ de gravitation.
Les quasars sont expliqués aujourd'hui en postulant l'existence de trous noirs supermassifs possédant entre plusieurs millions et plusieurs milliards de masses solaires. Mais cette hypothèse, qui éclaire de nombreuses observations, a conduit à une nouvelle énigme : comment ces objets se sont-ils formés ?
Voire les commentaires en bas de l’article au sujet de cette vidéo. Pour obtenir une traduction en français assez fidèle, cliquez sur le rectangle blanc en bas à droite. Les sous-titres en anglais devraient alors apparaître. Cliquez ensuite sur l’écrou à droite du rectangle, puis sur « Sous-titres » et enfin sur « Traduire automatiquement ».
Des étoiles de 100.000 masses solaires comme graines de trous noirs
Les astrophysiciens et les cosmologistes explorent plusieurs pistes, dont un renouveau de l'hypothèse de l'existence des étoiles supermassives relativistes au début de l'histoire du cosmos observable. Nous n'en avons pour le moment observé aucune mais cela n'empêche pas les astrophysiciens numériciens de simuler leur formation et leur comportement sur ordinateur, à travers divers scénarios. L'un des derniers en date à ce sujet provient notamment de chercheurs du fameux Los Alamos National Laboratory, là où a été conçu et fabriqué la première bombe atomique.
Selon Joseph Smidt et ses collègues, comme ils l'expliquent dans un article déposé sur arXiv, les premiers trous noirs géants pourraient être nés de l'effondrement direct d'importants nuages d'hydrogène moléculaire et d'hélium ayant conduit à la formation, tout d'abord d'étoiles supermassives de... 100.000 masses solaires ! En s'effondrant gravitationnellement, elles vont ensuite donner naissance à des trous noirs qui vont accréter rapidement du gaz et devenir supermassifs, de l'ordre du milliard de masses solaires. Ils étaient déjà nombreux, un milliard d'années après le Big Bang.
D'autres scénarios sont possibles et il est probable qu'ils opèrent simultanément, rendant compte du spectre de masses des trous noirs supermassifs observés. Il est possible ainsi d'invoquer des fusions précoces de trous noirs massifs.
En ce qui concerne l'existence des étoiles supermassives, la mise en orbite en 2018 du télescope spatial James Webb pourrait contribuer à nous les révéler. À plus longue échéance, si l'on en croit des travaux réalisés l'année dernière par des membres de l'Institute for Computational Cosmology (ICC) de l'université Durham au sein du projet EAGLE et qui ont réalisé des simulations, ces différents scénarios conduisent à des émissions d'ondes gravitationnelles distinctes que l'on devrait pouvoir observer et mesurer avec eLISA, ce qui permettrait de les départager (voir la vidéo ci-dessus).
L'origine énigmatique des trous noirs supermassif - PART III
Article de Laurent Sacco publié le 11/11/2013
Une des énigmes de l'astrophysique et de la cosmologie concerne l'origine des trous noirs supermassifs occupant le cœur des galaxies. En faisant revivre une vieille hypothèse à l'aide de simulations numériques, un groupe d'astrophysiciens vient de proposer qu'ils se soient formés au sein d'étoiles supermassives dépassant 10.000 masses solaires. En s'effondrant, elles produiraient même deux trous noirs, ce qui est inédit, qui finiraient par fusionner.
Les trous noirs supermassifs contiennent de quelques millions à quelques milliards de masses solaires. On ne comprend pas vraiment comment ils se sont formés. On admet cependant qu'il y a généralement une relation entre la masse de ces trous noirs et la taille des galaxies qui les abritent. Cela suggère donc que ces astres compacts croissent de pair avec les galaxies. Problème : on ne sait pas très bien non plus comment ces dernières grandissent. On pensait que c'était essentiellement lors de fusions entre galaxies plus petites, mais il semble que des courants d'hydrogène froids soient aussi un mécanisme efficace et peut-être tout aussi important pour la formation des grandes galaxies. Lorsque deux galaxies fusionnent, il doit aussi en être de même pour leurs trous noirs supermassifs et ceux-ci doivent continuer à grandir en accrétant des nuages de gaz ou des courants de matière.
On pourrait croire que pendant le premier milliard d'années de l'univers observable, les trous noirs supermassifs n'étaient pas encore les monstres que l'on connaît et qu'ils ont grandi rapidement à partir de trous noirs beaucoup plus petits. Malheureusement, cette hypothèse résiste mal aux observations et aux calculs. Il faut qu'il ait existé assez tôt dans l'histoire du cosmos des graines de trous noirs supermassifs, de masses déjà très importantes. Des simulations conduites par des astrophysiciens du célèbre California Institute of Technology (Caltech) viennent de donner un nouvel éclairage sur ce problème, en faisant intervenir des astres relativistes théorisés pendant les années 1960 : les étoiles supermassives.
Une alternative à la théorie des quasars
En 1963, alors que l'on venait de découvrir les premiers quasars, Fred Hoyle et Williams Fowler refusaient de les considérer comme des objets aussi lointains que leurs décalages spectraux vers le rouge le laissaient entendre. Ils ont préféré postuler l'existence de ces étoiles plutôt que de commencer à admettre que la théorie du Big Bang de Gamow et Lemaître devait être juste.
L'effondrement d'une étoile supermassive a fait l'objet de la simulation numérique que l'on voit sur la gauche de cette vidéo. Sa rotation accélère au fur et à mesure de l'effondrement, de sorte que des instabilités sont amplifiées et génèrent deux noyaux denses finissant par s'effondrer en donnant d'abord deux trous noirs puis un seul. Lors de cette phase ultime, l'étoile perd sa symétrie sphérique et elle commence à rayonner des ondes gravitationnelles, comme le montrent les oscillations en bas à droite de l'image. Un détecteur d'ondes gravitationnelles suffisamment sensible permettrait de détecter ce signal.
Dans le cadre du modèle cosmologique standard de l'époque, dont Hoyle était l'un des créateurs, découvrir que dans le passé (en l'occurrence avec des objets très distants), l'univers était différent d'aujourd'hui, revenait à réfuter l'idée d'un univers éternel sans commencement, ni fin, ni évolution bien qu'en expansion. Avec des étoiles contenant plusieurs millions et même plusieurs milliards de fois la masse du Soleil, le champ de gravitation est si puissant qu'il produit un décalage spectral vers le rouge important. Les quasars n'avaient pas à être situés à des milliards d'années-lumière. Ils pouvaient même être dans la Voie lactée.
Feynman puis Chandrasekhar ne tardèrent pas à découvrir que les effets de la relativité générale rendaient des étoiles aussi massives très instables et qu'elles devaient s'effondrer en trou noir. Les années passant, avec la découverte du rayonnement fossile confirmant la théorie du Big Bang et le développement de la théorie des quasars, les étoiles supermassives ont été reléguées au placard.
Deux trous noirs dans une étoile supermassive
Des chercheurs viennent de les en sortir, comme le démontre l'article qu'ils ont déposé sur arxiv. Ils postulent la formation, par effondrement de nuage de gaz dans un halo de matière noire, d'étoiles ayant des masses comprises entre 104 et 106 masses solaires. En quelques millions d'années, en se refroidissant, ces astres amorcent leur effondrement gravitationnel et tournent de plus en plus vite, et ainsi s'aplatissent et deviennent plus compacts. Il se forme à l'intérieur deux concentrations de matière orbitant l'une autour de l'autre. Devenant plus denses, ces concentrations voient leurs températures grimper. Comme l'avaient déjà prédit en 1965 Igor Novikov et Yakov Zel’dovich, elles finissent par atteindre le seuil d'énergie correspondant à la création de paires d'électron et de positron. Cela rend ces concentrations très instables et elles s'effondrent rapidement pour donner deux trous noirs très massifs.
Ces deux objets vont rapidement se rapprocher l'un de l'autre, car ils perdent de l'énergie cinétique en rayonnant des ondes gravitationnelles. Ils vont finir par fusionner pour donner un trou noir qui a les bonnes propriétés pour grandir suffisamment vite dans le jeune cosmos, et rendre compte de l'existence des trous noirs supermassifs. Si les chercheurs ont raison, il doit exister dans le fond d'ondes gravitationnelles cosmologiques des traces de nombreuses fusions de trous noirs binaires issus de l'effondrement d'étoiles supermassives. Il se peut que l'on puisse les détecter un jour avec des instruments dans l'espace comme Lisa.
A Famous Harvard Professor Says an Extraterrestrial Visited in 2017, and We Can Expect More
A Famous Harvard Professor Says an Extraterrestrial Visited in 2017, and We Can Expect More
When the first sight of intelligent alien life visits Earth from space, it won’t be a massive saucer hovering over New York. The chair of Harvard’s Department of Astronomy favors the possibility that it will be an extraterrestrial civilization’s trash. Avi Loeb believes he’s already found some of that trash.
The professor’s upcoming book, which will be out on January 26, lays out a compelling theory for why the object that recently wandered into our solar system was a piece of alien technology and not just another rock. Dubbed as ‘Oumuamua,’ the space object measures only about a hundred yards long, but it was a major thing in the scientific community. It was first spotted in Hawaii through the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS).
Oumuamua traveled toward our solar system from star Vega, 25 light-years away from Earth, and intercepted our solar system’s orbital plane on September 6, 2017. It was the first-ever interstellar object detected inside our solar system. No crisp images were taken, but astronomers observed the thing for 11 days using their telescopes.
Scientists believed it was an ordinary comet, but Loeb suggested to have an open mind to another possibility. He explained that a cave dweller who has seen rocks all his life might have thought of a cellphone as just a shiny rock. Multiple strange properties about the space object helped Loeb conclude that it wasn’t a comet but discarded tech from an extraterrestrial civilization.
Firstly, Loeb points out Oumuamua’s dimensions. Scientists said the object was at least 5 to 10 times longer than it was wide, which resembled a cigar’s shape. No naturally occurring space body we’ve ever observed has looked like it or even close. The author also noticed the unusual brightness of the Oumuamua, which was at least ten times more reflective than known solar system comets or asteroids. He likens the object’s surface to that of shiny metal.
But the anomaly that really believed Loeb towards his alien hypothesis was the way the object moved. He says that it pushed away from the sun when it should have sped up toward the sun due to the sun’s gravitational force. Loeb writes that as the object moved away from the sun, it even accelerated slightly to a highly statistically significant extent. In other words, Oumuamua was being pushed by force besides the sun’s gravity.
The explanation seemed simple at first. The comets’ surface is warmed as they approach the sun, releasing once-frozen gases that act like a rocket engine. Those released materials form a comet’s distinctive tail, but scientists did not find any sign of gases or dust that might propel Oumuamua.
According to Loeb, skeptics are quick to assign natural origins of the object, and their explanations don’t stand up to the scrutiny of Oumuamua’s weird properties. Loeb believes that technology will soon find more space travelers, and the mystery of Oumuamua will only be settled if the same object is spotted and more thoroughly investigated with a probe.
UFOs: The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Collection
UFOs: The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Collection
Below you will find a collection of CIA related UFO records. The Black Vault’s connection to the CIA in getting some of these UFO documents released goes back to 1996.
Originally, the CIA would only release about 1,000 pages that had been previously disclosed after a FOIA court case in the 1980s. They never addressed the records that were dated in the years after the case.
Photo of the CD-ROM, as received from the CIA by The Black Vault.
The Black Vault spent years fighting for them, and many were released in the late 1990s. However, over time, the CIA made a CD-ROM collection of UFO documents, which encompassed the original records, along with the ones that took years to fight for.
In an effort to make sure The Black Vault stayed up to date, in mid 2020, this CD-ROM was purchased to have one particular data dump available for all users of The Black Vault. You will find this below for download in its original state, along with a converted/searchable .pdf format. (Although the CIA claims this is their “entire” collection, there may be no way to entirely verify that. Research by The Black Vault will continue to see if there are additional documents still uncovered within the CIA’s holdings.)
(Please note: Some media channels are reporting I filed 10,000 FOIA requests to get these documents. That is untrue. Over the years there were quite a few, but the reference is The Black Vault has filed 10,000 FOIA requests TOTAL to amass the 2.2 MILLION pages in this entire archive. Not just for the below documents. I’ve submitted corrections to Vice et al for that, but have heard no response yet.)
Entire CIA UFO Collection CD-ROM (2,780 Pages)
The links below offer two downloads. The contents of the original CD-ROM, as received, which is the multi-page .tif files (not searchable) with corresponding text files which are largely useless.
The second link is the converted records, wherein The Black Vault converted each .tif file to .pdf, and made it searchable. This is, by far, the more popular way of downloading and searching, but both are available for download.
CIA UFO Collection CD-ROM Contents– Searchable .pdf Conversions – [342MB] – This .zip file contains all of the above files, however, they have been converted to searchable .pdf documents. Keep in mind, searchable .pdfs are NOT perfect. Many of these documents are poorly photocopied, so the computer can only “see” so much to convert for searching. However, through various tests, the search capability is MUCH better than the above CD contents with only .txt outputs.
Individual File Downloads (Searchable .pdfs)
Descriptions below are a work in progress. All documents are available, but all descriptions are not yet filled in.
One page document regarding “UFO Research/ORD Request for Additional Information.” The record talks about the work of an unknown individual, along with a system that may assist in the UFO research. The system is redacted. – June 25, 1976
A one page, “Confidential” message to the HQ of the CIA’s Domestic Collection Division. It is regarding a UFO case, and UFO research, citing material that “should remain classified” but the person wanted the advice of “CIA UFO Experts.”
A one page message regarding an unknown case number, seeking progress made. The message refers to the people at Wright Field (present day Wright Patterson Air Force Base) “holding their breaths awaiting advise.” – May 1957
A one page message, wherein it references Dr. Leon Davidson, and his request seeking an updated on a “tape” being analyzed by Wright Field, likely Project Blue Book. Date unknown.
A 1957 document referencing Dr. Leon Davidson, and his request for an identification of a “Space Message.” The message appears they are frustrated that Davidson will not take the answer that the message was morse code.
A 1957 document, also referring to Dr. Leon Davidson’s “space message.” Davidson continued to show frustration about the lack of answers he was receiving.
A 25 May 1962 document, which chronicles Unidentified Flying Objects in Buenos Aires, Argentina. This is utilizing information, as published by the local newspapers at the time of the event.
A 23 September 1977 document, which outlines “Unusual Natural Phenomenon observed in Karella.” For 10-12 minutes, an object described as a star, went over the city and shined down bright light and “very fine rays” which created an image of pouring rain.
Original Releases – Archived
The following are the original releases going back to about 1997. The above CD-ROM should include the records below as well, but they are archived here for reference.
UFO Caught Passing Light House On Island, Entering Ocean! South Carolina, Jan 2021, Video, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Caught Passing Light House On Island, Entering Ocean! South Carolina, Jan 2021, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: January 2021
Location of sighting: Hatteras Island, North Carolina, USA
The eyewitness Wes Snyder, a photographer by trade, caught something in his photos that appears to be a rectangle shaped alien craft as it was depending and probably entering the ocean. Since the earth is covered in 75% water, it makes sense that an aline base would be easiest to hide below the ocean floor, yes not on, but 5-6km below the floor. The light house is located on an island called Hatteras Island off North Carolina shore and this UFO was absolutely heading into the ocean.
The object is large, like a 747 jet, but so incredibly fast that its seen only for a few seconds and only appears transparent. The transparentness may be due to a shield being raised to make it hidden, but often, camera filters can cut through such shields. Especially if the IR filter was previously removed from the camera to see true colors.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
Eyewitness states:
I spent a night at the Cape Hatteras Lighthouse shooting time lapse photos in order to create an up coming video. While I was looking through my footage I realized there was something in the video that I could not explain. Its much larger than your typical plane appears, and its moving way faster than clouds. Can you explain what this object could be? The object appears at 10 seconds, and lasts a total of 16 frames, or 176 seconds (11 second interval X 16 frames) 176 seconds total. Each frame represents a 10 second photograph. The object was visible for just under 3 minutes total so I doubt it’s a meteor, shooting star as those typically only last a few seconds. What are your thoughts?
From Martian rover landings to the launch of Hubble's "successor," here are some of the most exciting space missions pegged for next year.
image: NASA JPL Caltech
Space agencies around the globe have a number of pioneering missions planned for 2021. Interestingly, next year is set to feature not one but two highly anticipated Martian rover landings including NASA's Perseverance mission. On the heels of China's recent successful Chang'e-5 lunar mission, the nation will also attempt to land a rover on Mars in the months ahead. Below, we've curated a roundup of some of the standout missions pegged for 2021.
On July 30, 2020, the Mars 2020 Mission launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station en route to Mars with the Perseverance rover onboard. On Feb. 18, 2021, after millions of miles of space travel, the craft is set to land on the Red Planet. The "car-sized" Perseverance rover stands 7-feet tall, approximately 10 feet in total length, 9-feet wide, and weighs more than 2,000 pounds. Perseverance builds on previous NASA Martian rover missions will use instrumentation to continue the search for ancient microbial life as well as help plan for future human missions to Mars.
On July 23, 2020, the Chinese Tianwen 1 mission successfully launched en route to the Red Planet with an orbiter, lander, and rover in tow. After months of travel, the craft is set to arrive at Mars in February 2021. The craft will first orbit the planet using onboard cameras to pinpoint potential landing areas. Once a site has been determined, the rover and lander will separate from the craft and attempt to land on Mars. At the moment, this landing is scheduled for April 2021, per NASA.
3. Intuitive Machines 1 mission
Image: Intuitive Machines
NASA's Artemis program is set to return humans to the lunar surface for the first time in decades, including the first woman to walk on the moon in 2024. In preparation for future manned lunar exploration efforts, the Intuitive Machines 1 (IM-1) mission is set to launch to the moon on Oct. 11, 2021. The lander (Nova-C) is a "tall hexagonal cylinder," which will carry five NASA payloads as well as commercial cargo, according to the space agency.
On Oct. 16, 2021, NASA's Lucy mission is scheduled to launch as part of a journey that will include flybys of seven asteroids. The mission's objectives are designed to help scientists understand the formation of the early solar system including the accretion of giant planets, the "sources of primordial organic matter," and more, per NASA. Based on the current launch timeline, Lucy could first fly by asteroid 52246 Donaldjohanson in April of 2025.
5. James Webb Space Telescope launch
Image: NASA/Desiree Stover
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is scheduled to launch on Oct. 31, 2021. NASA has described JWST as the "successor" to the Hubble Telescope, however, Webb uses a primary mirror that is 6.5 meters in diameter and touts a collection area that is approximately 6.25 times larger than Hubble's, according to NASA. Webb analyzes the universe primarily in infrared and the longer wavelength coverage allows Webb to "hunt for the unobserved formation of the first galaxies" and peer inside of "dust clouds where stars and planetary systems are forming today," according to the space agency.
An illustration of the NEA Scout spacecraft and its solar sail.
Image: NASA
NASA's Near-Earth Object Observations Program was established in 1998. In the decades since, NASA has identified thousands of near-Earth objects (NEOs). In fact, the space agency estimates that "an average of 30 new discoveries are added each week." While most NEOs entering the Earth's atmosphere will disintegrate before reaching the surface, larger objects could potentially "cause widespread damage in and around their impact sites," per NASA.
The Near-Earth Asteroid Scout (NEA Scout) mission is scheduled to launch in late 2021. The missions will use a 6U CubeSat to fly by Near-Earth Asteroid 1991 VG to collect images as well as observe the object's shape, debris field, morphology, and more. NASA estimates that the mission will take little more than two years.
Here are some of the space missions to keep an eye out for in 2021.
The James Webb space telescope’s gold-coated mirror undergoing cryogenic testing. After many delays, the new space telescope – Hubble’s successor – is currently scheduled to launch on October 31.
This year is shaping up to be just as interesting. Here are some of the missions to keep an eye out for.
Artemis 1
Artemis 1 is to be the first flight of the NASA-led, international Artemis program, whose goal was (originally) to return astronauts to the moon by 2024. Artemis-1, which is still scheduled for launch late this year, will consist of an uncrewed Orion spacecraft which will be sent on a three-week flight around the moon. It will reach a maximum distance from Earth of 280,000 miles (450,000 km), the farthest into space that any spacecraft that can transport humans will have ever flown.
Artemis 1 is designed to be launched into Earth orbit on the first NASA Space Launch System, which will be the most powerful rocket in operation. From Earth orbit, the Orion will be propelled onto a different path toward the moon by the rocket’s interim cryogenic propulsion stage. The Orion capsule will then travel to the moon under the power provided by a service module supplied by the European Space Agency (ESA).
The mission will provide engineers back on Earth with a chance to evaluate how the spacecraft performs in deep space and serve as a prelude to later crewed lunar missions. The launch of Artemis 1 is currently scheduled for late in 2021.
In February, Mars will receive a flotilla of terrestrial robotic guests from several countries. The United Arab Emirates’ Al Amal (Hope) spacecraft is the Arab world’s first interplanetary mission. It is scheduled to arrive in Mars orbit on February 9, where it will spend two years monitoring the Martian weather and disappearing atmosphere.
Arriving within a couple of weeks after Al Amal will be the China National Space Administration’s Tianwen-1, consisting of an orbiter and a surface rover. The spacecraft will enter Martian orbit for several months before deploying the rover to the surface. If it succeeds, China will become the third country to land anything on Mars. The mission has several objectives including mapping the mineral composition of the surface and searching for subsurface water deposits.
NASA’s Perseverance rover will land at Jezero Crater on February 18 and search for any signs of ancient life which may have been preserved in the clay deposits there. Critically, it will also store a cache of Martian surface samples on board as the first part in a highly ambitious international program to return samples of Mars to Earth.
Chandrayaan-3
In March 2021, the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is planning to launch its third lunar mission: Chandrayaan-3. Chandrayaan-1 launched in 2008 and was one of the first major missions in the Indian space program. Comprising an orbiter and a surface penetrator probe, the mission was one of the first to confirm evidence of lunar water.
Unfortunately, contact with the satellite was lost less than a year later. Sadly, there was a similar mishap with its successor, Chandrayaan-2, which consisted of an orbiter, a lander (Vikram) and a lunar rover (Pragyan).
Artist’s concept of the the Chandrayaan-2 lunar mission from India.
If all goes well the Chandrayaan-3 rover will touch down in the lunar south pole’s Aitken basin. It’s of particular interest as it is thought to host numerous deposits of subsurface water ice – a vital component for any future sustainable lunar habitation.
James Webb Space Telescope
The James Webb Space Telescope is the successor to the Hubble Space Telescope, but has had a rocky path to being launched. Initially planned for a 2007 launch, the Webb telescope is almost 14 years late and has cost roughly U.S. $10 billion (£7.4 billion) after apparent underestimates and overruns similar to those experienced by Hubble.
Whereas Hubble has provided some amazing views of the universe in visible and ultraviolet region of light, Webb is planning to focus observations in the infrared wavelength band. The reason for this is that when observing really distant objects there will probably be gas clouds in the way.
The galaxy NGC 2275 seen by Hubble.
Image via ESA/ Hubble/ NASA/ J. Lee and the PHANGS-HST Team.
These gas clouds block really small wavelengths of light, such as X-rays and ultraviolet light, while longer wavelengths like infrared, microwave and radio can get through more easily. So by observing in these longer wavelengths we should see more of the universe.
Webb also has a much bigger mirror of 21-foot (6.5-meter) diameter compared to Hubble’s 8-foot (2.4-meter) diameter mirror, essential for improving image resolution and seeing finer detail.
The primary mission of Webb is look at light from galaxies at the edge of the universe which can tell us about how the first stars, galaxies and planetary systems formed. Potentially this could include some information about the origin of life as well, as Webb is planning on imaging exoplanet atmospheres in high detail, searching for the building blocks of life. Do they exist on other planets, and if so, how did they get there?
We are also likely to be treated to some stunning images similar to those produced by Hubble. Webb is currently scheduled to launch on an Ariane 5 rocket on October 31.
A MYSTERIOUS triangular shape has been spotted in an Area 51 hangar just months before spy agencies are set to reveal UFO secrets.
Pictures, captured by private pilot Gabe Zeifman, shows a black, triangular shape visible in the secretive Nevada hangar.
A black, triangular shape is visible in the secretive Nevada hanger
Credit: Cover Images
A private pilot captured the images on Christmas Day
Credit: Cover Images
The images were taken on Christmas as Zeifman flew near the US Air Force's secretive flight test center in Nevada.
The pilot shot the images from his small Cessna 150 plane while flying with the permission of air traffic controllers supervising the tightly controlled airspace.
His route took him insight of the Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR) which is part of the Area 51 installation.
Thanks to an act included in the bill, federal agencies must publish a report within the next six months.
The provision wasn't included in the text of the 5,593-page legislation, but as a "committee comment" attached to the annual intelligence authorization act.
The Senate Intelligence Committee, which is chaired by Senator Marco Rubio, has requested for the report to include "detailed analysis of unidentified phenomena data" in restricted US airspace, as well as data and intelligence collected or held by the Office of Naval Intelligence.
The Department of Defense released a number of clips of a "tic-tac" shaped UFO in April
The report must also contain analysis of the potential threats posed by "unidentified aerial phenomena to national security, and an assessment of whether this unidentified aerial phenomena activity may be attributed to one or more foreign adversaries."
The request comes after the the US Department of Defense released three Navy videos in April showing pilots interacting with UFOs.
The clips showed three separate incidents involving "unidentified aerial phenomena," one from November 2004 and two from January 2015, including the famed "Tic Tac" video.
Then, at the end of a press briefing in April, Trump called the footage "a hello of a video."
A mannequin depicting an alien at the Roswell International UFO Museum and Research Center in New MexicoCredit: Alamy
John Brennan said on a podcast it was "presumptuous and arrogant" for people and governments to believe that the organisms found on Earth were the only forms of life in the universe.
"I think some of the phenomena we’re going to be seeing continues to be unexplained and might, in fact, be some type of phenomenon that is the result of something that we don’t yet understand," Brennan said.
"And that could involve some type of activity that some might say constitutes a different form of life," he said conclusively.
Declassified FBI Document Mentions Nikola Tesla’s Contact With “Space People”
Declassified FBI Document Mentions Nikola Tesla’s Contact With “Space People”
IN BRIEF
The Facts:
Declassified FBI documents mention the idea that Nikola Tesla had a "connection" with "Space People" and was brought here by them as a baby. This was apparently not revealed until 1950 according to the information in the document.
Reflect On:
Although the claims within the document are not verifiable and may very well be untrue as much as they could be true, Nikola Tesla had a well documented interest in life on other planets and believed to have received signals from them.
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Many decades ago Wernher Von Brauns mentor Hermann Oberth, the founding father of rocketry and astronautics, also known as the ‘father of Spaceflight’ stated his belief that “flying saucers are real” and that “they are space ships from another solar system. I think that they possibly are manned by intelligent observers who are members of a race that may have been investigating our Earth for centuries.” He wrote these words in “Flying Saucers Come From A Distant World”, The American Weekly, Oct 24, 1954. At the time, academics like Oberth were well aware of the UFO phenomenon, and today the topic has gained even more ‘credibility’ given that multiple governments have now confirmed the existence of these objects. There is no shortage of radar tracking data, video evidence, photo evidence and high ranking witness testimony that’s now available within the public domain. This seems to be confusing many people, as “mainstream UFO disclosure” is taking off after a decades long campaign of “ridicule and secrecy.”(Ex-CIA Director Roscoe Hillenkoetter).
Nikola Tesla, who was born prior to Oberth, also had a strong interest when it came to the idea of life on other planets. There are many examples documenting this fact. For example, in an interview he gave to Time at the age of 75, Tesla stated the following:
I think that nothing can be more important than interplanetary communication. It will certainly come someday, and the certitude that there are other human beings in the universe, working, suffering, struggling, like ourselves, will produce a magic effect on mankind and will form the foundation of a universal brotherhood that will last as long as humanity itself.
No doubt that contact, communication and relationships with beings from other worlds would have huge implications and change human consciousness forever. It would truly leave, as I’ve said many times before, no aspect of humanity untouched.
There are many more examples and interesting statements from Tesla which we will get to later, but first I wanted to draw your attention to some declassified Federal Bureau of Investigation Documents (FBI) that were kept by the agency pertaining to Tesla. The document is a record of an “Interplanetary Sessions Newsletter” from 1957. The newsletter seems to be a printed promotion of a lecture to be given by George Van Tassel. The newsletter appears to be written by writer Margaret Storm, along with what appears to be her husband, John. What’s interesting to ask is, why was the FBI so interested to the point where they documented these meetings, discussions and gatherings? Why did they keep records of this specific newsletter? Is it because they had a heavy interest in the UFO/extraterrestrial phenomenon? Remember, this is from the 1950’s, today we now know that governments and intelligence agencies, like the FBI, have had a long and documented interest in the phenomenon.
Margaret Storm has been assigned to certain work with the Space People, she is writing a book – Return of the Dove – a story of the life of Nikola Tesla, scientist, and the part his inventions will play in the New Age. Much of the data for this book has been supplied to Mrs. Storm through transcripts received on the Tesla set, a radio-type machine invented by Tesla in 1938 for Interplanetary Communication. Tesla died in 1943 and his engineers did not build the Tesla set until after his death. It was placed in operation in 1950 and since that time the Tesla engineers have been in close touch with space ships. The Space People have visited the Tesla engineers many times, and have told us that Tesla was a Venusian, brought to this planet as a baby, in 1856, and left with Mr. and Mrs. Tesla in a remote mountain province in what is now Yogoslavia. Tesla’s connection with the Space People…was not revealed until 1950.
Whether or not you believe this is up to you, as there is no real way to verify the claims. The document brings up more related UFO phenomenon.
As far as George Van Tassel goes, he had a long career in aviation, starting off with Douglas Aircraft and then moving on to Hughes and finishing with Lockheed. In the early 50’s he went public claiming he had contact experiences with people from space. According to him, these beings issued warnings of destruction given humanity’s ways along with messages of universal peace. After this they apparently began instructing Tassel on how to construct a building that could reverse the aging process. It was called “The Integratron and the project consumed all of his time He claimed the instructions for the device came from extraterrestrials from the planet Venus. He apparently died of a heart attack shortly before the first demonstration was set to take place. (source1)(source2)
Having studied the lore of the UFO/extraterrestrial phenomenon for more than 15 years now, one thing I find particularly interesting are the stories and encounters that involve messages of concern about the direction humanity is needed and the urgent need to change our course to avoid poverty, war, hunger, environmental destruction and disaster. There are countless examples of this, one of many would be the encounter more than 60 school children had in Zimbabwe in 1994. I emphasize again that there are thousands of examples, and the corroboration and similarities of these messages of supposed contact experiences is truly interesting to say the least.
If you’d like to dive into the benevolent (“good”) or malevolent (“bad”) discussion, you can do so in an article I recently published here.
Just because the claims in the document cannot be verified, does not mean that Tesla’s interest in extraterrestrial communication is not verified. As mentioned earlier in the article, it is. For example, according to the Library of Congress, Tesla claimed to have received radio communications from Mars. They cite an article from the Richmond Times purported to offer an extensive description and commentary of his supposed discovery. “As he sat beside his instrument on the hillside in Colorado, in the deep silence of that austere, inspiring region, where you plant your feet in gold and your head brushes the constellations — as he sat there one evening, alone, his attention, exquisitely alive at that juncture, was arrested by a faint sound from the receiver — three fairy taps, one after the other, at a fixed interval. What man who has ever lived on this earth would not envy Tesla that moment!”
I can never forget the first sensations I experienced when it dawned upon me that I had observed something possibly of incalculable consequences to mankind. I felt as though I were present at the birth of a new knowledge or the revelation of a great truth. Even now, at times, I can vividly recall the incident, and see my apparatus as though it were actually before me. My first observations positively terrified me, as there was present in the them something mysterious, not to say supernatural, and I was alone in my laboratory at night; but that time the idea of these disturbances being intelligently controlled signals did not yet present itself to me.
The changes I noted were taking place periodically, and with such a clear suggestion of number and order that they were not traceable to any cause then known to me. I was familiar, of course, with such electrical disturbances as are produced by the sun, Aurora Borealis and earth currents, and I was sure as I could be of any fact that these variations were due to none of these causes. The nature of my experiments precluded the possibility of the changes being produced by atmospheric disturbances, as has been rashly asserted by some. It was some time afterward when the thought flashed upon my mind that the disturbances I had observed might be due to an intelligent control. Although I could not decipher their meaning, it was impossible for me to think of them as having been entirely accidental. The feeling is constantly growing on me that I had been the first to hear the greeting of one planet to another…I was not merely beholding a vision, but had caught sight of a great and profound truth.
Another example of Tesla’s thoughts, in his own words:
Others may scoff at this suggestion…(of) communicating with one of our heavenly neighbors, as Mars…or treat it as a practical joke, but I have been in deep earnest about it ever since I made my first observations in Colorado Springs…At the time, there existed no wireless plant other than mine that could produce a disturbance perceptible in a radius of more than a few miles. Furthermore, the conditions under which I operated were ideal, and I was well trained for the work. The character of the disturbances recorded precluded the possibility of their being of terrestrial origin, and I also eliminated the influence of the sun, moon and Venus. As I then announced, the signals consisted in a regular repetition of numbers, and subsequent study convinced me that they must have emanated from Mars, the planet having just then been close to the earth. (source)
Final Thoughts:
It’s quite clear that Tesla had a strong interest in extraterrestrial life and attempted communication. It’s amazing how he was the first person to develop equipment that could pick up on signals coming from space as well as other planets. Today, signals of unknown origin are commonplace in the scientific community, massive radio bursts and other anomalies are commonly detected.
We’ve written about this (UFO/extraterrestrial) topic since our inception in 2009, and if you’re interested in browsing through our articles on the subject you can do so here.
As Tesla alludes to early on in this article, contact has huge implications. It will and is currently forcing humanity to look at a broader view of reality and entertain concepts that perhaps once did not fit within the framework of accepted knowledge. Through all stages of human history, plausible concepts and even ones that are backed by evidence and examples have always faced harsh opposition and resistance.
We are still a very young race and no doubt there are truths waiting ‘out there’ for us to discover. One thing is for certain, we definitely do not have our affairs here on planet Earth in order. As we grow it seems we question our lives more and more, what we are doing here and why we do it. We have the potential to create a much better human experience for all life on the planet We seem to continually put our ability to change the world for the better into the hands of those who may not have our best interests at heart. Somehow, someway, it’s time for us to take responsibility and begin creating a human experience that resonates with all and is in harmony with mother Earth. How do we do this? I don’t know, but I do know that staying silent, not exploring and not expanding our consciousness is not the answer. We need to be able to talk about controversial topics openly, and those who oppose mainstream narratives should not be ridiculed nor censored.
For ages this idea has been proclaimed in the consummately wise teachings of religion, probably not alone as a means of insuring peace and harmony among men, but as a deeply found truth. The Buddhist expresses it in one way, the Christian in another, but both say the same: We are all one.
Plus de quatre ans après son arrivée autour deJupiter, en juillet 2016, la sondeJuno de la Nasa continue son exploration de la géante gazeuse et de ses lunes. En juin 2020, l'engin a effectué sa 27e orbite scientifique autour de la géante du système solaire.
Un survol recréé par un amateur
La vidéo ci-dessous reproduit un survol de Jupiter tel qu’on l’aurait vécu si on était à bord de la sonde de la Nasa. Elle a été produite par un astronome amateur, Kevin M. Gill, à partir de 41 clichés pris par la JunoCam, l’instrument optique de l’engin. Pour donner l’impression d’un survol, il a projeté virtuellement les images sur une sphère numérique. Une opération réussie au vu du résultat. Lors de sa 27e orbite, Juno s’est approchée à seulement 3200 km du sommet des nuages de Jupiter. Cette grande proximité a permis qu'elle soit puissamment accélérée jusqu’à atteindre, en fin de tour, la vitesse de 209.000 km/h.
Juno devait, en tout, effectuer 36 révolutions complètes autour de Jupiter et achever sa missions en février 2018. Mais un problème moteur a contraint les ingénieurs à la laisser sur une orbite elliptique de 53 jours ; celle initialement prévue, plus circulaire, devait l'amener à tourner autour de la planète en 14 jours seulement. Dans cette configuration "b", Juno se rapproche aussi près de Jupiter mais moins souvent que prévu. Pour tenter de récolter un maximum de données, la NASA avait dès le début de l'année 2018 annoncé que la sonde prolongerait son séjour jovien jusqu'à la fin 2018. Comme souvent, et devant la bonne résistance des instruments de la sonde, l'agence spatiale a rallongé ce délai jusqu'en juillet 2021.
Les cyclones du pôle Nord en couleurs
Le pôle nord de Jupiter est dominé par un cyclone central entouré de huit plus petits systèmes dont les diamètres varient de 4.000 à 4.600 kilomètres. Des premières images, saisissantes, de ces artéfacts météorologiques avaient été dévoilées en mars 2018. L'ensemble de ce système est aussi vaste que la Terre ! Et il existe aussi des chapelets de cyclones au-dessus du pôle Sud de la géante. Entre février 2020 et juillet 2020, Juno a survolé à 4 reprises le pôle Nord de Jupiter et l'a photographié avec son instrument JIRAM (Jovian InfraRed Auroral Mapper) capable d'imager dans les infrarouges la couche atmosphérique de Jupiter, entre 50 et 70 kilomètres d'altitude. Un autre scientifique amateur, Gerald Eichstädt, a utilisé ces clichés pour produire une image composite de cette région, avec des couleurs fortement accentuées.
Armed Alien Near Curiosity Rover Raises Big Questions - Ufoholic
Armed Alien Near Curiosity Rover Raises Big Questions - Ufoholic
Photos sent back by Curiosity show what looks like an armored alien soldier keeping an eye on the curious Rover. Is NASA under surveillance?
While searching through NASA images captured by the SUV-sized explorer, the owner of YouTube channel Paranormal Crucible made a strange discovery that could constitute yet another piece of evidence towards proving Martian life exists. Or once existed.
Sitting amid the dust and boulders on the Martian surface was a figure eerily reminiscent of a buff warrior wearing combat armor and holding what looks like a gun. An alien soldier perhaps?
The weird appearance doesn’t appear to be a living creature but rather a stone sculpture that has somehow managed to stand the red planet’s harsh test of time.
If this is a statue indeed, it was definitely meant to represent something. The menacing look and defiant stance attest to its possible warlike character. That would be quite fitting.
In Roman mythology, Mars was the god of war and the Solar System’s fourth planet was named after him. Seeing Mars in the sky was considered an omen and its apparition often foretold conflict.
Did the ancients know something about Mars, something that was lost over time? Or was the naming just a coincidence?
“This intriguing object looks artificial in nature and in my opinion is an ancient statuette,” the video description reads.
“The odd thing about this one is that it does resemble an alien grey or possibly an insect type species of alien.”
This discovery has given rise to much dissension between alien enthusiasts and skeptics, with one side claiming proof of ancient aliens on Mars has been found and the other invoking the pareidolia pretext.
Pareidolia refers to a psychological phenomenon where the human mind is somewhat tricked by the sensory input it receives and ends up seeing familiar shapes where there aren’t any.
Whenever you look at clouds, for example and you see faces, animals or object, pareidolia is hard at work.
When it comes to rocks, the pareidolia phenomenon becomes even more explicit and there’s even a name for it: mimetoliths.
Rocks that have become weathered through erosion and the passing of time often come to resemble faces. The more complex the rock, the greater the chance of seeing a face hidden amid its features. These types of rocks are referred to as mimetoliths, or rocks that mimic.
Could this phenomenon account for the numerous sightings of controversial figures and forms on Mars? Or is this just what they would want us to believe? Are the particularities of the human mind being used against those searching for evidence that we are not alone?
UFO enthusiasts are convinced this is the case and there really are things we can’t explain on Mars, the Moon and possibly the rest of outer space.
As always, UFO expert Scott Waring expressed his views on the matter.
“It’s a bipedal species that has a uniform on,” he wrote on his alien-centered blog. “The alien soldier is wearing a suit and carrying some weapon of sorts. The important question is, is it a statue, or was this person petrified (turned to stone) by a gruesome, yet powerful weapon?”
Wow, now that compounds the mystery. It’s one (major)or thing to find evidence of ancient inhabitants in a planet’s distant past in the form of art or artistic depictions such as statues.
But discovering the petrified remains of an ancient warrior forever locked in combat position would be something different altogether.
His stance would seem to suggest he was ready for something when a cataclysmic event, a Martian Pompeii of sorts froze him in the posture we now see.
Going further along this scenario opens up a majestic can of worms filled with largely unanswerable questions.
Was this the result of a cataclysmic but natural event? If so, did it completely wipe out the martians?
Another possibility would be the activation of a horrific weapon capable of petrifying all those it was aimed at. Does this bring to mind yet another ancient myth? Remember the ancient Greeks’ Medusa? Was she of Martian descent? Was she a metaphor for a weapon?
A civilization capable of building such a weapon would certainly be much more advanced than we are today. Its members would probably enjoy amenities far superior to those savored by even the most elitist of earthlings.
Space travel wouldn’t pose a problem so we could expect that civilization to have visited Earth when they were still around. But the question is: were there humans on earth at that time?
If the answer to this question is yes, it would certainly suggest the ancient gods were flesh-and-bon creatures, the only difference between them and their worshippers being the technological level their culture had reached.
The ancient astronaut concept is definitely not alien to alien enthusiasts so this hypothesis keeps its traction with conspiracy and UFO advocacy groups.
In the end, there is no way we can find the truth behind the strange things photographed on Mars save for traveling there and inspecting them ourselves. NASA does not support the alien hypothesis, claiming they are all just rocks. Maybe SpaceX will be more transparent in their disclosures but we still need to wait a few decades until they get there.
In the meantime, we can speculate, so speculate we will.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:Ruins, strange artifacts on other planets, moons, ed ( Fr, EN, NL )
The Air France Flight AF3532 Near Miss UFO Encounter
The Air France Flight AF3532 Near Miss UFO Encounter
Did Jean-Charles Duboc witness a UFO while flying?
On January 28, 1994, at the beginning of the afternoon, the crew of Air-France flight AF-3532 (Nice to London) observed an unusual phenomenon. UFOCOM asked some questions to the pilot and commander of the flight, Jean-Charles Duboc.
INTERVIEW OF COMMANDANT DUBOC:
You were a flight commanding officer at AIR France and on January 28, 1994, you have encountered an unusual phenomenon as you were doing the Nice to London flight 3532. Could you tell what you witnessed?
I was indeed commander of flight AF-3532 of January 28, 1994, with copilot Valerie Chauffour, and 24 passengers on board.
I have kept a copy of the "OCTAVE", which is the data-processing follow-up of the flight and I can specify that above the Paris area at the altitude of 11700 meters (FL 390), the outside temperature was of minus 59 Celsius degrees, and with a wind from the North-West had a speed of1 80 km/h (311°/101 kts).
The visibility was of more than 300 km (150 Nm) and the cloud cover consisted of altocumulus. The flight encountered no air shakes. The navigation was under excellent weather conditions, in spite of the facing wind of almost 130 km/h (70 kts). That gave us a ground speed of 650 km/h (350 kts).
The takeoff hour in Nice was 00h56PM UT and the arrival hour in London 02:13PM UT.
It was a particularly calm flight, without particular problem. We arrived above Coulommiers when a steward who was in the cockpit noticed an object which he thought could be a weather balloon. This object was then seen by the copilot and myself a few moments afterwards.
According to their description it seemed to have a variable form and to come very quickly across our road. I first identified it like an aircraft facing us, at approximately 45 km (25 Nm), at an altitude of approximately 10500 meters (25 Nm) and at an angle close to 45°.
I found this slope absolutely abnormal because aircraft are not inclined at this altitude beyond 30 degrees without risking to fall down. This object seemed to us then absolutely abnormal by its size which seemed immense, its dark red color and of the fuzzy edges. I had the impression to observe a gigantic lens in evolution.
It did not resemble anything we had seen in our flying careers.
This object, this phenomenon, remained motionless while we left it on our left side, still at an approximate distance of 45 km. We observed it during a good minute, conscious that we were seeing something utterly anomalous. We continued to observe it when it gradually merged with the environment. We saw it becoming translucent, transparent, diluted in space. That was absolutely amazing.
After some interrogations we contacted the control center of Rheims to announce this unidentified object to them, as we are required by air transportation regulation.
Jean-Charles Duboc
Was this "object" tracked by your instruments? What about he black box of flight 3532? Were the communications between your aircraft and the control center in Rheims recorded?
Our ON BOARD instruments are not intended to locate other aircraft.
The airborne radar is only intended to locate storms in order to be able to avoid the air movements ascending and descending, associated with them, characteristic of these clouds, the cumulonimbus. During this event the radar was not in operation, as it is only necessary in instrument flying (IFR).
In the same way, the black box cannot in any case detect aircraft or phenomena far away from the plane. On the Airbus 320 there is a first recorder which is the Quick Access Recorder (QAR). It records only flight parameters, speed, altitude, mechanics, engines, electric, etc. It is analyzed by the maintenance service.
The second recorder, the DFDR, has the same recordings but must support the constraints of an accident. This recorder is analyzed only if a crash occurs or on request of the crew. As no parameter of our flight has een modified, the tapes were not analyzed because it would have been pointless.
The UFO was at nearly 45 km of our aircraft, and there has been no electric or magnetic disturbances.
On the other hand this UFO was approximately 10 km above Paris, and the Parisian people, under layer of clouds, were much closer to the UFO than we were. If there had been electromagnetic disturbances, a few million people would have noticed it.
The communications were always preserved, and it is the same for the main TV and radio shows!
Which were the continuations of this affair, at a professional and personal level? Have you been interviewed by the civilian or military authorities?
In the immediate, the continuations were non-existent, because I did not submit a written report to avoid being ridiculed. It was three years later, as I read an article from Paris Match, which described how a UFO has been detected above Paris, that I made the connection between this UFO and that what I had seen.
I then submitted a report to the Gendarmerie Nationale (French police, having an SOP for collection of UFO reports).
Was your testimony transmitted to the SEPRA? Which were the continuations brought by this branch of the CNES?
My report was transmitted by the Gendarmerie to the SEPRA, and the UFO Committee, was created within the framework of the Association of the Former Auditors of the Institute for the High Studies of National Defense (IHEDN). I was heard during nearly one hour and half by the group chaired by General Denis Letty.
After discussing about the observation, we concluded that the object was approximately 300 meters in diameter.
I took note of the radar recordings by the CODED (Operational Center of Air Defense). There is a very curious characteristic for the trajectory of the UFO, as it shows that it would have almost collided with us. The minimal distance on the recording is less than 1 Nm, that is to say 10 seconds of flight.
This kind of observation is traditional in electronic war. The modern military aircraft are furtive, and at the same time able to synthesize a virtual image of themselves by delaying the radar echo.
If a missile had been drawn on this UFO, which was above Paris, it would be our A320 which would probably have been hit by the missile.
I think that it is not desirable to shoot fire at this kind of phenomenon.
Did you speak again of your observation with your colleagues of flight 3532? Which is, now, their feeling about this affair?
I never found the steward who was in the cockpit. My various requests to find the list of the crew for this flight were left unanswered by the of the commercial flight crew personal management (PNC).
I had indeed four crew in two days, and I did not keep the lists of the members with me, because they are on the on board documentation.
On the other hand I have reexamined the case several times with the copilot who has a very precise memory of the event, and who wrote a report for the gendarmerie (police) of the Charles De Gaulle Airport.
I can only suggest you asking them about their feeling now.
During your pilot career, have you heard from colleagues or other air personal, of similar phenomena?
I barely speak about this encounter, and I had the surprise to note that about one out of ten pilot had observed a unidentified flying phenomenon.
Your testimony appears in the COMETA Report, page 11, which has been published in a special edition of the VSD magazine, this summer 1999. Were you interviewed by this association? What do you think of this report, from a general point of view?
As I said, I was actually auditioned by the above mentioned UFO Committee, which took shape in an association named COMETA. I have recently met Mr. Denis Letty along with a friend who is flight commander on the Concorde, responsible for the training of pilots at the General Management of Civil Aviation (DGAC), in order to study a regulatory possibility to have a reports form for UFO observations on the board of all French airliners.
Their report seemed to me extremely well conceived, written by high level personalities, and constitutes a reference for UFO question. It still has some restricted diffusion because this subject is still one of the three great taboos of aeronautics.
The first taboo is the cosmic radiation on aircraft. From May 2000 on, the flying personal will have to carry a dosimeter and the amount of radiation received each year will be measured and calculated according to the recommendations of the project SIEVERT which is developed by the General Management of Civil Aviation, the Institute of Protection and Nuclear Safety (IPSN), the Office of Protection against radiation Ionizing (OPRI), and the Observatory of Paris-Meudon.
Flight crew of aeronautics, as well as astronauts will be soon classified among the people who receive amounts of radiations on their workplace. The amount of cosmic radiation received by passengers or members of flight crew during a Europe to US trip and return trip is similar to a lung radioscopy, and this fact is carefully hidden to the crews and the passengers since nearly 35 years.
Indeed, a recommendation of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), back in 1964, requested that the airlines take measurements of on board radiations on airliners.
A modification of the European regulation in May 2000, European directive 96/29 of May 13, 1996, divided by five the maximum amount of radiation applicable to the public, which will be able to take only 1 millisievert per year, instead of five. The airline pilots, hostesses, steward receive between two and five MVS per year, which is more than the majority of the workers in nuclear power plants.
This taboo will disappear when the information circulates in the general public.
The second taboo is the suicide of the airline pilots as they fly, and it will be shattered by the accident of the EGYPTAIR 990 flight, if the assumption of the suicide of the copilot is to be confirmed.
The third taboo is the UFO phenomenon UFO, and in particular the 220 visual observations confirmed by radar, among them is mine. We can thank the COMETA team which, by the quality of its members, its knowledge, its overview, its hypothesis, makes it possible to start to discuss seriously about the sightings from all points of the planet.
On December 7, 1999, TV viewers have an occasion to see you in the "Why? How?" show, animated by Sylvain Augier and Julie Bhaud, for the France3 channel. As I took part myself in the recording of this show, I had the pleasant impression that the questions were not "oriented." The "And CO" team (producing the show) seemed opened, although skeptic, and very sympathetic.
If the editing does not suppress it, do you think that this kind of show can have some utility for general public? What do you think about the attitude of the medias, in general, as for their editing of UFO related information?
As I wrote above, there are several taboos in aeronautics, and the reporters who dare to face these interdict risk to be ridiculed, but also to have trouble finding a job. This type of show require curiosity and courage, and the journalists know that they risk negative reactions, or aggressive reactions, and derision.
This type of emission is very important for it makes it possible to give previously confidential information to the public. Information must pass gradually, whereas we must know that there will be all sorts of reactions.
The bottom line of this problem is the maturity of the public.
Is the public ready to receive the information?
The social psychologists can consider the consequences which an official meeting with an extraterrestrial civilization would have, if they have several million years of technological advance. Which upheavals would be induced? Will there be panic in the population? Which disappointed hopes? Will we find the best, the worst, or both? Which information should be given to the public?
Today, do you think that the origin of the UFO phenomenon is not our planet?
The immensity of the universe, its beauty, its unknown features, the current technological progress, the space travels, the orbiting stations, and what I saw, can only convince me that we are not alone in the universe and that we will take part, if we do not destroy ourselves, in the community of the species which travel across the galaxy.
The true current problem of our planet is not the existence, or not, of extraterrestrial civilizations but all the problems caused by pollution, the accumulation of the weapons of destruction, fanaticism, totalitarianism, the overcrowding of our planet.
Source & References:
UFOCOM CG), November 22, 1999
http://www.ufologie.net/htm/duboc01.htm
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The four main engines were fired in unison for the first time, but had to be shut down early
A critical engine test for Nasa's new "megarocket" has ended early, but the agency denied it amounted to a failure.
Shortly before 22:30 GMT (17:30 EST) on Saturday, the four engines ignited, burning for more than a minute before the event was aborted.
The core stage of the Space Launch System (SLS) was being evaluated at Stennis Space Center, in Mississippi.
The engines were supposed to fire for eight minutes to simulate the rocket's climb to orbit.
The SLS is part of Nasa's Artemis programme, which aims to put Americans back on the lunar surface in the 2020s.
When it makes its maiden flight - possibly later this year - the SLS will become the most powerful rocket ever to have flown to space.
Teams at Stennis are still poring over the data to find out what happened. John Honeycutt, SLS program manager at Nasa's Marshall Space Flight Center in Alabama, said there were "a lot of dynamics going on" when the engine shut down.
The engines' power levels were being throttled down and up again; they were also being prepared to pivot - or gimbal. This movement allows the rocket to be steered during flight.
IMAGE COPYRIGHTNASA image caption
The RS-25 engines are the same type that powered the space shuttle orbiter
"We did see a little bit of a flash come from around the interface between the thermal protection blanket on engine four at the time when we had initiated the gimbal," Honeycutt told reporters at a post-test briefing at Stennis.
The as-yet unknown problem triggered what Nasa calls a failure identification (Fid), followed by a major component failure (MCF). As a result of the fault, an onboard computer known as the engine controller sent a message to another computer called the core stage controller, which took a decision to shut down the vehicle.
"Any parameter that went awry on the engine could have sent that failure ID," said John Honeycutt.
It was the first time all four RS-25 engines had been ignited together, in a test known as a "hotfire".
The core stage of the rocket was anchored to a massive steel structure called the B-2 test stand on the grounds of the Stennis facility.
To prepare the core stage, engineers filled its tanks with more than 700,000 gallons (2.6 million litres) of super-cold liquid hydrogen and oxygen propellant.
This was the eighth and final test in the Green Run, a programme of evaluation carried out by engineers from Nasa and Boeing - the rocket's prime contractor.
Although the test was intended to run for eight minutes, engineers would have received all the data required to certify the rocket for flight after 250 seconds.
They wanted to iron out any problems before the core stage is used for the first SLS launch, in which it will send Nasa's next-generation Orion spacecraft on a loop around the Moon.
Nasa's outgoing administrator Jim Bridenstine declined to call Saturday's event a failure: "This is why we test," he said, adding: "Before we put American astronauts on American rockets, that's when we need it to be perfect."
Officials have not yet decided whether to re-run the hotfire, or proceed with shipping the core stage to Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida to prepare it for the rocket's uncrewed maiden flight, a mission called Artemis-1.
"It depends what the anomaly was and how challenging it's going to be to fix it," said Bridenstine.
IMAGE COPYRIGHTNASA image caption
Nasa administrator Jim Bridenstine said perfection wasn't a realistic expectation for the first engine test
Asked whether a launch this year was still feasible, he added: "I think it's too early to tell. As we figure out what went wrong, we're going to know what the future holds."
However, if one or more of the engines needs to be replaced, there are spares waiting to be used at Stennis Space Center.
The Artemis-1 mission will evaluate how both the SLS and Orion capsule perform prior to Nasa staging a repeat of this lunar loop with astronauts in 2023.
This will be followed by the first landing on the Moon by humans since the Apollo 17 mission in 1972.
The SLS consists of the 65m (212 ft) -long core stage with two smaller solid rocket boosters (SRBs) attached to the sides. Engineers at KSC have begun stacking the individual SRB segments for Artemis-1.
"This powerful rocket is going to put us in a position to be ready to support the agency and the country in deep space missions to the Moon and beyond," John Honeycutt said during a media briefing on Tuesday.
IMAGE COPYRIGHTNASA image captionArtwork:
The initial version of the SLS - known as Block 1 - during the climb to orbit
Officials have been planning to ship the core stage to Florida in February.
Its engines are of the same type that powered the spaceplane-like shuttle orbiter - America's crewed space vehicle for 30 years from 1981-2011.
Nasa is re-using flown hardware: the RS-25 engines used in this test helped launch 21 shuttle missions. Two were used on the last shuttle flight - STS-135 in 2011.
The four RS-25s can generate 1.6 million lbs (7 Meganewtons) of thrust - the force that propels a rocket through the air.
When the solid rocket boosters are added to the core stage, the combined system will produce 8.8 million pounds (39.1 Meganewtons) of thrust. This will make it 15% more powerful than the giant Saturn V rocket that sent astronauts to the Moon in the 1960s and 70s.
Prior to Saturday's test, John Shannon, vice president and SLS program manager at Boeing praised teams at Stennis for keeping the Green Run on track despite the pandemic and this year's particularly active hurricane season.
Beetle fossilised in amber reveals earliest evidence of prehistoric pollination as scientists discover the insect had flower traces on its feet when it died 99million years ago
Beetle fossilised in amber reveals earliest evidence of prehistoric pollination as scientists discover the insect had flower traces on its feet when it died 99million years ago
The beetle was found in amber from a mine in north Myanmar's Hukawng Valley
Researchers have named the new insect species Angimordella burmitina
62 grains of pollen were found on the beetle's legs under a special microscope
The shape of each grain revealed they had evolved to be spread by such insects
The earliest-known example of a pollinating insect has been found preserved in amber dating back to around 99 million years ago, researchers report.
The fossilised tumbling flower beetle was found with pollen still stuck to its legs preserved in amber from deep inside a mine in northern Myanmar's Hukawng Valley.
The find pushes back the earliest-documented instance of insect pollination to around 50 million years earlier than previously thought.
The preserved insect is a newly discovered species of beetle which researchers have named Angimordella burmitina.
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The earliest-known example of a pollinating insect, pictured, has been found preserved in amber dating back to around 99 million years ago, researchers report
The find pushes back the earliest-documented instance of insect pollination to around 50 million years earlier than previously thought. Pictured, an artist's impression of the beetle
'It's exceedingly rare to find a specimen where both the insect and the pollen are preserved in a single fossil,' said paper author and biologist David Dilcher, of Indiana University.
'Aside from the significance as earliest known direct evidence of insect pollination of flowering plants, this specimen perfectly illustrates the cooperative evolution of plants and animals during this time period.'
This, he added, was when 'a true exposition of flowering plants occurred.'
Professor Dilcher and colleagues analysed the 62 pollen grains found with the beetle preserved in the amber — finding that they had evolved specifically to be spread through contact with such insects.
'These [tell-tale] features include the pollen's size, ornamentation and clumping ability,' he explained.
'The grains also likely originated from a flower species in the group eudicots, one of the most common types of flowering plant species.'
'The pollen was not easy to find,' said paper co-author and amber fossil expert Bo Wang, of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
'The powdery substance was revealed hidden in the insect's body hairs under confocal laser microscopy.'
'The analysis took advantage of the fact that pollen grains glow under fluorescence light, contrasting strongly with the darkness of the insect's shell.'
Cycad pollen grains associated with C. cycadophilus
(Credit: NIGPAS)
Professor Dilcher and colleagues analysed the 62 pollen grains found with the beetle preserved in the amber — finding that they had evolved specifically to be spread through contact with such insects
'Aside from the significance as earliest known direct evidence of insect pollination of flowering plants, this specimen perfectly illustrates the cooperative evolution of plants and animals during this time period,' said Professor Dilcher. Pictured, an artists impression of the beetle
The preserved insect — seen here in its amber prison — is a newly discovered species of beetle which researchers have named Angimordella burmitina
The insect trapped in the amber is a newly discovered species of beetle, which the study's authors have named 'Angimordella burmitina'.
The team determined that it was a pollinator based on its body shape and having pollen-feeding mouth-parts, which they studied using a microscopic imaging method called X-ray micro-computed tomography.
Prior to this study, the earliest physical evidence for insects pollinating flowering plants came from 50 million years ago, in the so-called Middle Eocene period.
The age of the new fossil was determined by correlation with the ages of other known fossils in the same location from which the fossilised beetle was discovered.
The fossilised tumbling flower beetle was found with pollen still stuck to its legs preserved in amber from deep inside a mine in northern Myanmar's Hukawng Valley
FOSSILS IN BURMESE AMBER
Amber, often used in jewellery, is fossilised tree resin, and the oldest dates back more than 300 million years.
In the past few years the Hukawng Valley in northern Myanmar, formerly Burma, has yielded numerous finds.
In January 2017, researchers discovered a 100-million-year-old insect preserved in amber which bore a passing resemblance to ET.
Its features were so odd and unique that researchers placed in into a new scientific order of insects.
The creature had a triangular head and bulging eyes, which is different from any other known species of insect.
The eyes on the side of its head would have given it the ability to see at almost 180 degrees by simply turning its head to the side.
Because of its uniqueness, the insect was assigned its own brand new scientific classification order - called Aethiocarenodea.
In June 2017, researchers revealed a stunning hatchling trapped in amber, which they believe was just a few days old when it fell into a pool of sap oozing from a conifer tree in Myanmar.
The incredible find showed the head, neck, wing, tail and feet of a now extinct bird which lived at the time of the dinosaurs, 100 million years ago, in unprecedented detail.
Researchers nicknamed the young enantiornithine 'Belone', after a Burmese name for the amber-hued Oriental skylark.
The hatchling belonged to a group of birds known as the 'opposite birds' that lived alongside the ancestors of modern bird.
Archaeologists say they were actually more diverse and successful – until they died out with the dinosaurs 66 million years ago.
They had major differences from today's birds, and their shoulders and feet had grown quite differently to those of modern birds.
In December 2017, experts discovered incredible ancient fossils of a tick grasping a dinosaur feather and another - dubbed 'Dracula's terrible tick' - swollen after gorging on blood.
The first evidence that dinosaurs had bloodsucking parasites living on them was found preserved in 99 million-year-old Burmese amber.
The newly-discovered tick dates from the Cretaceous period of 145 to 66 million years ago.
This huge public release of what the CIA claims is its “entire” archive of documentation on Unidentified Flying Objects – now termed “Unidentified Aerial Phenomena” (UAPs) – comprises hundreds of formerly top-secret records going back more than a half-century. The unprecedented and fascinating data dump is thanks to a long-sustained effort by intelligence website The Black Vault, which has been sourcing and sharing declassified government documentation on UFOs (among many other things) since the mid–1990s.
ANOTHER DIAMOND SHAPED UFO CAUGHT ON VIDEO HOVERING OVER COLOMBIA 1-10-2021
GUSTAVO N. NOGUEIRA CAPTURED THIS UFO ON HIS CELL PHONE HOVERING OVER MONTENEGRO, COLOMBIA ON 1-10-2021. GUSTAVO SAID THE CRAFT HOVERED IN THE AREA FOR AT LEAST AN HOUR BEFORE BEFORE BLASTING AWAY Mack 50 thousand! HOUR BEFORE BEFORE BLASTING AWAY
GIGANTIC UFO PASSES OVER PERU
HUGE UFO SEEN HOVERING OVER SWEDEN 1-2-2021
UFO reported hovering over nuclear power plant | Mysterious UFO Sightings
Israeli space security chief says extraterrestrials exist and Trump knows it
Mysterious Monolith England UK Gloucestershire 🇬🇧
Today in the UK a new monolith was spotted in the town of Gloucestershire. Residents in that area are very shocked about this new monolith. Local police are investigating who left the metal behind.
Mysterious monolith spotted in UK after similar pillars seen in US & Romania
Anunnaki & Nephilim Evidence, Sky People, Thousands of Years Ago Visited America, 11,500 B.C. Astronauts & Robots Painted in Stone
Anunnaki & Nephilim Evidence, Sky People, Thousands of Years Ago Visited America, 11,500 B.C. Astronauts & Robots Painted in Stone
Anunnaki & Nephilim Evidence, Sky People, Thousands of Years Ago Visited America
11,500 B.C. Astronauts & Robots Painted in Stone, Ancient Star Travelers
These Petroglyphs are thousands of Years Old and it appears this is a Galactic Federation of Sorts, Look at the Mantis Man, Ant Man, Ancient Astronaut, Possible Spaceship and Even Details of the 7 Circles on a Being that appears to have some type of Spacesuit or , you can go with the Electric Universe Theory, of its being Plasma and Atmospheric Conditions of Extreme Events, why not both is my question?
You wont believe what I found today. Proof of an ancient alien symbol that goes back thousands of years here on Earth, but may go back billions on Saturns moon Iapetus. Back in 2012 I found a crater, but then realised it was a Yin-yang symbol. I had found it in two different photos, but this week I found that the entire moon itself is a Yin-yang symbol! Thats right. Aliens on Saturn believe so much in its meaning that they made the entire moon a symbol of their belief. The fact that this symbol was found not once, but twice in two different ways is 100% proof that aliens exist on Iapetus and Saturn. Also note, Iapetus may not be a real moon, but an artificially made station to appear as a moon, in order to not frighten lower level species. So the symbol Yin-yang is 3,000 years here on Earth, but goes back millions or billions of years on Iapetus and Saturn. This...changes world history forever! Mind blowing stuff.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:Ruins, strange artifacts on other planets, moons, ed ( Fr, EN, NL )
Moon Size Cube UFO Seen Near Sun On Jan 12, 2021, Photos, UFO Sighting News.
Moon Size Cube UFO Seen Near Sun On Jan 12, 2021, Photos, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: January 12, 2021 06:18
Location of sighting: Earths Sun
Source: Helioviewer, Lasco C3
I was looking at some sun photos taken by SOHO/NASA site Helioviewer.org when I found a cube. The cube...which is a ship...has some unusual features. There is a bit of depth to its sides. Its also reflecting the suns light in its lower left corner. Its also very dark black in the upper right corner...which means its cold in that location. This cube ship has been seen half buried under the suns surface before and even whips of the suns explosions passing over its surface. The cube which I believe to be one of many, is seen near the sun every week.
One day, AI will discover this and confirm my findings and discoveries both near the sun and discoveries on surfaces of planets and moons. But the real question is...will mere humans trust the conclusions of AI, or will the conclusion be...too terrifying to even consider possible?
This UFO report just came into MUFON today. A guy was driving home from work when he saw some strange pulsating lights up ahead. The lights didn't' fly away, but were hovering in place in the fog. From what I see when I slow down the video, there is a black thick disk at the center of these lights. So it is a UFO and it is hovering in place. Its possible what this person was witnessing was a close encounter with a UFO that had just landed and had aliens disembark to study the inhabitants of this small town before they woke up. Wow, just an amazing encounter...I only wish he had stopped the car and gotten out to record more, but I'm sure fear played a part in him driving off.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
Eyewitness states:
I finished work at 7:20 a.m. and as I sat at the stoplight I saw this glow in the fog. I took out my phone to take a video. The lights just sat there, not moving an inch.
Something Huge Appears Next To the Sun - Helioviewer Error?
Something Huge Appears Next To the Sun - Helioviewer Error?
On January 1, 2021 the SDO observatory captured a huge anomaly that suddenly appeared next to the Sun, but something strange happened.
The Helioviewer shows the anomaly like it is coming out of the sun but when downloading the video it shows that the anomaly is much further away in space when it flies past the sun within a split second.
NASA and other scientific organizations claim that anomalies and UFOs near the sun are merely a collection of streaks left by cosmic rays, charged particles from space, which whizzed through the camera's sensor, or CCD, as the images were taken.
However, looking at this gigantic object it seems as if it has a fixed design. So what is it, a streak left by cosmic rays, charged particles from space or a giant UFO?
And what about the different images of the Helioviewer showing this object (same date and time stamp) close to the sun as well as further away in space. There is an explanation for it?
This glowing ring-shaped UFO formation was filmed in the sky above Fargo in North Dakota on 9th January 2021.
Witness report:
Saw when I finished work on way home. I finished work at 7:20 a.m. and as I sat at the stoplight I saw this glow in the fog. I took out my phone to take a video. The lights just sat there, not moving an inch.
A rocky “super-Earth” that is orbiting one of the oldest stars in our Milky Way Galaxy has been discovered. The exoplanet, which has been named TOI-561b, is approximately 50% larger than Earth.
The planet was discovered by experts analyzing data collected by NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) as well as the W.M. Keck Observatory in Hawaii. The system is located about 280 light-years away from us and while two other planets have also been found orbiting the host star (in addition to TOI-561b), they are much too large, not dense enough, and probably gaseous so they wouldn’t be rocky worlds.
TOI-561b zips around its host star at an incredibly fast speed as it takes less than 12 hours for it to complete a full orbit. Since it whips around the star at such a close proximity, the exoplanet has an exceptionally hot surface temperature of about 3,140 degrees Fahrenheit (or 1,726 degrees Celsius). With that being said, I think it’s safe to say that the planet does not host any type of life.
Milky Way
One interesting thing they did find out about the exoplanet is that its density is very similar to Earth’s. In a UC Riverside statement, Stephen Kane, who is a planetary astrophysicist from the University of California, Riverside, and a co-author of the study, explained, “This is surprising, because you’d expect the density to be higher.” “This is consistent with the notion that the planet is extremely old.”
In fact, the exoplanet could be as old as 10 billion years. Even its host star, called TOI-561, is extremely old and is located in an area called the galactic thick disk where the stars contain much less heavy elements than others that are in our galaxy. Since the Milky Way Galaxy is approximately 13.6 billion years old and TOI-561 could be as old as 10 billion years, that’s incredibly interesting to think that specific system is almost as old as the galaxy. To put this into better perspective, our sun is only 4.5 billion years old.
Lauren Weiss, who is a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Hawaii and the lead author of the study, noted, “This planet formed at a time when the majority of stars in our galaxy were first beginning to shine.” She went on to say, “TOI-561b is one of the oldest rocky planets yet discovered.” “Its existence shows that the universe has been forming rocky planets almost since its inception 14 billion years ago.”
(Not TOI-561b)
Kane added, “Though this particular planet is unlikely to be inhabited today, it may be a harbinger of many rocky worlds yet to be discovered around our galaxy’s oldest stars.” And the search continues… (An artist’s impression of what TOI-561b looks like can be seen here.)
Artist’s rendition of TOI-561, one of the oldest, most metal-poor planetary systems discovered yet in the Milky Way galaxy.
A large female statue wearing a Star Wars-like headdress was found in a citrus field in the town of Hidalgo Amajac which is located in Veracruz, Mexico. The large 6’5” limestone statue dates back about 500 years during the late Postclassic period (between the years 1450 and 1521). At the widest part of the statue, it measured almost 2 feet in width and about 10 inches in thickness. It also has a spike at the bottom of the statue so that it could stand upright.
According to Mexico’s National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH), the statue shows a young woman who is wearing fancy clothing (long-sleeved shirt and a long skirt but bare feet) as well as very elaborate jewelry that included tassel-like earrings, a circular pendant called a “oyohualli” that was on a thick chain, and a headdress that looked very similar to the one that Ahsoka Tano wore in Star Wars.
The statue’s face made the female appear surprised as her mouth and eyes were wide open. In a statement, María Eugenia Maldonado Vite, who is an archaeologist at the INAH Veracruz Center and who is leading the excavation, went into further details about the statue, “The style of the young woman from Amajac is similar to representations of Huastec goddesses of the Earth and fertility, but with an external influence, possibly [the indigenous group] Nahua, as can be seen in the inlaid eye socket — a feature that does not belong to Classical Huasteca sculpture.” “In addition, the cloth that Huastec women present in front of the skirt is always smooth, and this one has an ornament of knots and ribbons on it.”
So who exactly was this mysterious woman depicted in the statue? She could have been an important member of society or “possibly a ruler, because of her posture and attire, rather than a deity,” as stated by Maldonado Vite.
The statue was found in a citrus field.
The statue is still currently in possession of the owners of the citrus orchard, although they are in talks with the INAH about possibly transferring ownership.
Further examinations of the statue are being planned by archaeologists. Future studies of the citrus orchard are also being talked about because while it was a previously unknown site to archaeologists, Maldonado Vite saw several small structures that could have possibly been residential buildings from the pre-Columbian era.
Farmers found the 500-year-old statue of mysterious woman (left), who has a headdress that looks like the head ornamentation of "Star Wars" former Jedi apprentice Ahsoka Tano (right), whose Hasbro action figure is shown here.
I have noticed that world news is constantly posting Biden with a halo photos all over news sites for the past month. At first I thought just a coincidence, but today I notice CNN, Fox News and Reuters all have halo Biden photos pasted on the front pages of their news sites.
This is very similar to the CIA Project MKUltra, which is the code name given to a program of experiments on human subjects that were designed and undertaken by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, some of which were illegal. I am really thinking that the CIA and NSA is involved with the fall of Trump and the rise of Biden. This is clearly a team involvement, meaning many news sites, many social sites all got together to try to not only black ball President Trump and take his power from him, but to also instill a sense of saint hood or angelic qualities about Biden himself. Mind games, mental manipulation, subliminal suggestions, all meant to control the publics perceptions of Trump and Biden. Worst of all...they are winning. The public of the world, not just America is buying it. Its working, but worst of all, it was so easy for the CIA to do. Remember when the CIA had President John F Kennedy killed to get him out of the way and that way the CIA and the USA could stay at war? Yeah...same thing, but different tactics. America is now a Marxist state, democracy as we knew it is gone.
The worst part of it all, I analyzed the photos and they have been manipulated. Biden was cut out, made into a png formate, then pasted on a blurred background of his banner, so that his head was deliberately placed there to make this halo effect. These photos were then put up for sale for use on sites such as Shutterstock, Shutterfly, Adobe, istockphotos, and many other sites which journalists flock to to buy stock photos of Biden. The photos were manipulated! I can 100% confirm that.
Strange FM Radio Signal Discovered Coming from Jupiter's Moon Ganymede
Strange FM Radio Signal Discovered Coming from Jupiter's Moon Ganymede
Strange FM signal (Wi-fi) discovered coming from one of Jupiter’s moons Ganymede which is Jupiter’s largest moon.
NASA recently extended the life of two of its planetary discovery missions, including the Juno mission to Jupiter. Now it’s come to light Juno has discovered an FM signal emanating from one of the gas giant’s moons, Ganymede.
According to NASA, (Never A Straight Answer) the discovery is not an indication of extraterrestrial life, but it is fascinating nonetheless, given it’s the first time it’s been discovered coming from the celestial satellite.
Black Sphere Over Bangkok, Thailand On Dec 21, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Black Sphere Over Bangkok, Thailand On Dec 21, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Dec 21, 2020 Location of sighting: Bangkok, thailand Source: MUFON
This is a rare report. Its not often we get raw footage of a UFO from Thailand, but this is some great steady video of a black sphere. The sphere is not a perfect sphere but more like two cake bowls put together...and even has a rim around its middle. Such UFOs have been reported worldwide, but usually near power lines. You can really hear the surprise in the peoples voices as they watch this black object and try to figure out what it is. It's a UFO, no doubt about it.
Scott C. Waring
Eyewitness states:
I was standing on 31th floor of building and look on sky above and i saw this. Its very far above from 31th floor i dnt think its a drone. Its in a city where there are none of military bases. I was waiting it to come down if it was a drone but at the end it keeps going up in the sky and disappear in the cloud. Can you check whether it is ufo or not? Thanks you.
NASA recently extended the life of two of its planetary discovery missions, including the Juno mission to Jupiter. Now it's come to light Juno has discovered an FM signal emanating from one of the gas giant's moons, Ganymede.
The discovery is not an indication of extraterrestrial life, but it is fascinating nonetheless, given it's the first time it's been discovered coming from the celestial satellite.
"It’s not E.T.," Patrick Wiggins, one of NASA’s ambassadors to Utah, said in comments obtained by ABC 4. "It’s more of a natural function."
Natural color view of Ganymede from the Galileo spacecraft during its first encounter with the satellite. North is to the top of the picture and the sun illuminates the surface from the right. The dark areas are the older, more heavily cratered regions and the light areas are younger, tectonically deformed regions.
The spacecraft, which launched in 2011, happened to be traveling across Jupiter's polar region at a speed of 111,847 mph when it crossed the radio source, known as a "decametric radio emission," or simply Wi-Fi. It saw the radio emission for only five seconds, but it was enough time to confirm the source.
According to NASA, the decametric radio waves have frequencies between 10 and 40 MHz, but never above 40 MHz. "Electrons spiraling in Jupiter's magnetic field are thought to be the cause of the radio noise we hear," the space agency added.
Scientists have known about radio waves on Jupiter since the mid-1950s, but this is the first time the phenomenon has ever been seen emanating from Ganymede.
While notable, this is not the first time scientists have discovered strange occurrences on Ganymede. In 2018, researchers observed "extraordinary" electromagnetic waves, also known as "chorus waves," thanks to the Galileo Probe spacecraft.
Jupiter’s moon Ganymede has long fascinated astronomers—as it is the largest of the planet’s moons. In 2015, NASA's Hubble Space Telescope spotted evidence that Ganymede has an underground ocean.
The Juno mission launched in 2011 and was scheduled to stop functioning in July 2021 but will now continue until September 2025 or the end of its life, whichever comes first. Not only will Juno continue to observe the gas giant, but it will also look at the planet's rings and its moons, including "close flybys" of Ganymede, Europa and Io.
Citizen scientist Kevin M. Gill created this image using data from the spacecraft's JunoCam imager.
(NASA/JPL-Caltech)
Europa, the sixth-largest moon in the solar system, is home to an ocean that "could be habitable," researchers have previosly said.
In August 2019, NASA confirmed it would send a mission to Europa to further explore the celestial body.
Unknown lights caught on tape over Scottsdale, Arizona 15-Jan-2021
Unknown lights caught on tape over Scottsdale, Arizona 15-Jan-2021
These UFOs were filmed over Scottsdale, Arizona on 15th January 2021 at 7 pm.
Witness report:
I took another video but didnt save it they formed into a square formation but you can believe what ever you want to I know what I saw. They’re gone bro they just disappeared. Ive lived here my whole life and I’ve never seen anything like that.
The idea of artificial intelligence overthrowing humankind has been talked about for many decades, and scientists have just delivered their verdict on whether we'd be able to control a high-level computer super-intelligence. The answer? Almost definitely not.
The catch is that controlling a super-intelligence far beyond human comprehension would require a simulation of that super-intelligence which we can analyse. But if we're unable to comprehend it, it's impossible to create such a simulation.
Rules such as 'cause no harm to humans' can't be set if we don't understand the kind of scenarios that an AI is going to come up with, suggest the authors of the new paper. Once a computer system is working on a level above the scope of our programmers, we can no longer set limits.
"A super-intelligence poses a fundamentally different problem than those typically studied under the banner of 'robot ethics'," write the researchers.
"This is because a superintelligence is multi-faceted, and therefore potentially capable of mobilising a diversity of resources in order to achieve objectives that are potentially incomprehensible to humans, let alone controllable."
Part of the team's reasoning comes from the halting problem put forward by Alan Turing in 1936. The problem centres on knowing whether or not a computer program will reach a conclusion and answer (so it halts), or simply loop forever trying to find one.
As Turing proved through some smart math, while we can know that for some specific programs, it's logically impossible to find a way that will allow us to know that for every potential program that could ever be written. That brings us back to AI, which in a super-intelligent state could feasibly hold every possible computer program in its memory at once.
Any program written to stop AI harming humans and destroying the world, for example, may reach a conclusion (and halt) or not – it's mathematically impossible for us to be absolutely sure either way, which means it's not containable.
"In effect, this makes the containment algorithm unusable," says computer scientist Iyad Rahwan, from the Max-Planck Institute for Human Development in Germany.
The alternative to teaching AI some ethics and telling it not to destroy the world – something which no algorithm can be absolutely certain of doing, the researchers say – is to limit the capabilities of the super-intelligence. It could be cut off from parts of the internet or from certain networks, for example.
IMAGE COPYRIGHTGETTY IMAGES
image captionElon Musk, chief executive of rocket-maker Space X, also fears artificial intelligence
The new study rejects this idea too, suggesting that it would limit the reach of the artificial intelligence – the argument goes that if we're not going to use it to solve problems beyond the scope of humans, then why create it at all?
If we are going to push ahead with artificial intelligence, we might not even know when a super-intelligence beyond our control arrives, such is its incomprehensibility. That means we need to start asking some serious questions about the directions we're going in.
"A super-intelligent machine that controls the world sounds like science fiction," says computer scientist Manuel Cebrian, from the Max-Planck Institute for Human Development. "But there are already machines that perform certain important tasks independently without programmers fully understanding how they learned it."
"The question therefore arises whether this could at some point become uncontrollable and dangerous for humanity."
Artificiële intelligentie: de revolutie staat voor de deur!
Artificiële intelligentie: de revolutie staat voor de deur!
Artificiële intelligentie zal voor een revolutie zorgen bij de diagnose, opvolging en behandeling van talrijke aandoeningen. Onder invloed van de technologische ontwikkelingen en vooruitgang rond onderzoek zal de groei van de AI-markt de komende decennia letterlijk exploderen. Laten we dit uitleggen.
Artificiële intelligentie zweeft vaak tussen mythe en realiteit, en roept heel wat droombeelden op in het collectieve onderbewustzijn. Dat neemt niet weg dat AI voor een enorme vooruitgang heeft gezorgd in de gezondheidszorg. Onderzoek, epidemiologie, preventie, diagnose, behandeling, enz. Er zijn talrijke toepassingsgebieden voor AI. De experts zijn unaniem: AI zal de kwaliteit, bruikbaarheid en efficiëntie van de gezondheidszorg verbeteren. AI zal bijdragen tot een betere behandeling en opvolging van talrijke aandoeningen en zal ook de kosten reduceren. Op middellange termijn zal de geneeskunde hierdoor voorspelbaarder, nauwkeuriger en meer op maat gesneden zijn.
De ongerustheid van de medische hulpverleners, die vaak als een hinderpaal werd beschouwd, begint geleidelijk weg te ebben. Uiteraard zal de menselijke factor belangrijk blijven, al was het maar omwille van verantwoordelijkheid. Artificiële intelligentie zal een belangrijk instrument worden ter ondersteuning van het beslissingsproces. Zo zal de arts het voorstel dat de machine doet al dan niet valideren, op basis van zijn kennis en ervaring. Een andere zekerheid is dat AI op zich niet voldoende is. Het is geen allesomvattende oplossing, want ze kan enkel antwoorden op één bepaalde vraag, waarvoor ze op voorhand 'getraind' werd. Van machine learning tot volledige autonomie valt er nog een hele weg af te leggen.
Veelbelovend werk
In de sector van de medische beeldvorming, die erg dynamisch is, vinden we vandaag de meest geslaagde projecten terug. Verschillende wetenschappelijke publicaties tonen immers aan dat bepaalde instrumenten in staat zijn om kankerletsels met onvoorstelbare nauwkeurigheid op te sporen, en in elk geval beter dan de conventionele methodes. Dat is zeker het geval voor de meest dodelijke kanker, met name longkanker, die elk jaar wereldwijd bijna twee miljoen doden tot gevolg heeft. Onderzoekers van de Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine en de wetenschappers van Google AI1 hebben samen een algoritme ontwikkeld dat in staat is om kwaadaardige knobbeltjes in de longen op te sporen, die soms enorm klein zijn, met een doeltreffendheid van 94,4%. Bij wijze van vergelijking was de foutenmarge hoger bij de zes radiologen die hadden deelgenomen aan deze studie, zowel voor de valse positieven (11%) als de valse negatieven (5%). Deze AI heeft twee concrete voordelen: enerzijds de vroegtijdige opsporing van de tumor, wat de kans op genezing verhoogt, en anderzijds het feit dat de nauwkeurige diagnose veel invasieve, risicovolle en dure medische onderzoeken overbodig maakt.
Volgens de WHO kunnen tegen 2050 152 miljoen mensen lijden aan dementie. Opmerkelijk feit: 70% van die mensen zou getroffen zijn door de ziekte van Alzheimer. Bij gebrek aan een genezende behandeling dient deze aandoening te worden behandeld zodra de eerste symptomen opduiken, om het neurodegeneratieve proces af te remmen. Ook op dit terrein kan artificiële intelligentie een erg belangrijke rol spelen, zoals blijkt uit een studie die werd uitgevoerd door de universiteit van San Francisco2. Op basis van een eenvoudige analyse van hersenscanners, kan hun algoritme de aanwezigheid van de pathologie aantonen, gemiddeld zes jaar vóór mensen dat kunnen.
Een enorme markt
Onder impuls van de technologische ontwikkelingen en vooruitgang rond onderzoek zal de AI-markt de komende decennia letterlijk exploderen. Het jongste rapport van het ReportLinker instituut zet deze thesis kracht bij.3. De markt, die in juni werd geschat op 4,9 miljard dollar, zou tegen 2026 kunnen uitgroeien tot 45,2 miljard, met een gemiddelde jaarlijkse groei van 44,9%. Dankzij de constant verbeterende rekenkracht kan het machine learning segment verbluffende resultaten opleveren. Versterkt door de sterke toename van gezondheidsdata, geldt dat ook voor de voorspellende analyse van het risico. Het gebrek aan goed opgeleide mensen en de terughoudendheid van de zorgverleners zijn echter de twee belangrijkste hinderpalen. Van welke prognoses we ook uitgaan, er tekent zich een duidelijke trend af. De afgelopen vijf jaar zijn er aanzienlijke investeringen gedaan, en daarom zullen de Verenigde Staten de voortrekkers zijn op deze markt.
Volgens PwC4 lzal de groei van artificiële intelligentie vooraf afhangen van de investeringsplannen van de bedrijven die hun activiteiten richten op gezondheid. De verspreiding ervan zal eveneens afhankelijk zijn van de mate waarin de bevolking AI omarmt. Ondernemers en gebruikers lijken er in zijn algemeenheid positief tegenover te staan. Zo zei 75% van de bevraagde bedrijfsleiders dat ze bereid zijn om op zeer korte termijn te investeren in AI. Dat is een strategische beslissing die vooral wordt ingegeven door de verwachte productiviteitsstijging, die wordt geschat op 15 tot 20%. 55% van de bevraagde patiënten ziet dan weer geen toegevoegde waarde in het gebruik van AI voor hun gezondheidszorg. Dit cijfer wijst op een gering enthousiasme, maar zal na verloop van tijd nog toenemen. Volgens bepaalde specialisten kan de uitrol van 5G de verandering sneller in gang zetten, door de toegang tot de technologie te vergemakkelijken en het gebruik ervan te democratiseren.
De hefbomen van de transformatie
Eén ding is zeker: de revolutie zal niet van de ene op de andere dag gebeuren. Artificiële intelligentie staat immers nog in zijn kinderschoenen. Bovendien is de winstgevendheid ervan relatief beperkt. De maturiteit van de toepassingen op de markt is op dit moment sterk uiteenlopend, ook in de gezondheidssector. De eerste toepassingen zullen in het beste geval pas binnen verschillende jaren operationeel zijn. Hoe veelbelovend ze ook mogen zijn, het blijft moeilijk om de wetenschappelijke hypothesen op erg grote schaal te testen.
Om het potentieel van AI optimaal te benutten, dient het ecosysteem ervan gestructureerd en geformaliseerd te worden, maar ook worden gestimuleerd en gefinancierd. De betrouwbaarheid en veiligheid van de ontwikkelde toepassingen worden uitdagingen met hoge prioriteit voor promotoren en investeerders. De mate waarin er toegevoegde waarde gecreëerd wordt en de ontwikkeling van een specifiek businessmodel zullen bepalende elementen zijn om deze nieuwe technieken te implementeren. Het zal bovendien absoluut nodig zijn om regelgeving te ontwikkelen specifiek bedoeld voor digitale toepassingen. Het wordt geen eenvoudige taak om de broodnodige bescherming van de individuele vrijheden en de beteugeling van potentieel innovatieve initiatieven voor de samenleving op elkaar af te stemmen. In realiteit zal de toekomst van artificiële intelligentie voor een groot deel afhankelijk zijn van het gebruik dat wordt gemaakt van de gezondheidsdata, die de brandstof zijn voor deze technologie.
Candriam is een bevoorrecht waarnemer van de ingrijpende veranderingen die plaatsvinden in de gezondheidszorg, en wil de ontwikkeling van de meest relevante en nuttige toepassingen voor de patiënten ondersteunen. Zij doet hiervoor een beroep op een netwerk van competente experts om de bedrijven te identificeren, ondersteunen en waarderen die de technologische oplossingen van de toekomst zullen produceren.
Net zoals in de oftalmologie en de dermatologie is radiologie een van de medische disciplines die het meest ver gevorderd zijn op het terrein van artificiële intelligentie. Het beroep, dat al geruime tijd ingrijpend aan het veranderen is, zal onmiskenbaar reactiever, doeltreffender en nauwkeuriger worden. De mogelijke voordelen liggen voor de hand, op de eerste plaats de vroegtijdige opsporing van bepaalde kankers, die sneller kunnen worden behandeld. Op basis van een hele reeks beelden kan AI ook de voorspellende markers van een bepaalde pathologie in kaart brengen. AI kan ook statistische inzichten bieden in de protocolering van een noodzakelijk onderzoek, afhankelijk van de patiënt, zijn/haar voorgeschiedenis of biologische situatie.
De preventie met betrekking tot gezondheidszorg is echter niet het enige voordeel. Artificiële intelligentie heeft immers ook een onmiskenbaar praktische kant. AI kan immers ook fungeren als een medische second opinion, die de oorspronkelijke diagnose van de radioloog ontkracht of bevestigt. Dankzij de automatisering van bepaalde taken zal er bovendien meer tijd vrijkomen voor het onderzoek, met het concrete vooruitzicht om meer patiënten te kunnen controleren. Symbolisch is dat een ruimere benutting van beeldvormingsdata het onderzoek, de opleiding en ook de technologische ontwikkeling kan bevorderen.
De Verenigde Staten: de toekomstige voortrekkers op het vlak van AI in de gezondheidszorg?
Volgens het kantoor Frost & Sullivan* zal de wereldwijde markt voor digitale gezondheidszorg tegen 2023 goed zijn voor 243,5 miljard dollar. Dat is een groei van 160% in vier jaar. Opmerkelijk is dat artificiële intelligentie een van de belangrijkste aanjagers is van die verwachte groei. De gemaakte keuzes geven een duidelijke indicatie van de meest veelbelovende segmenten. De afgelopen vijf jaar zijn de sectorinvesteringen vooral gegaan naar medische beeldvorming en diagnostica (20,7%), onderzoek naar potentiële geneesmiddelen (18,6%), de ontdekking van nieuwe werkingsmechanismen (10,3%), de real-time verzameling en analyse van gegevens (18,1%) en genetica (10,8%). De Verenigde Staten, die erg actief zijn op dit vlak, zijn goed voor driekwart van de toegezegde investeringen (73,3%), op ruime afstand gevolgd door China (14,8%) en het Verenigd Koninkrijk (3,8%). De experts laten er geen misverstand over bestaan: de volgende vijf jaar worden cruciaal, want dan moet het potentieel van deze strategische markt tot uiting komen. In een snel evoluerend landschap zullen overnames en partnerships op het vlak van IT en technologie belangrijke competitieve voordelen worden voor de bedrijven.
* 'Global Digital Health Outlook 2020', Frost & Sullivan (augustus 2020).
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ASTROPHYSICIST SAYS IT’S LIKELY WE CAN TRAVEL THROUGH WORMHOLES
ASTROPHYSICIST SAYS IT’S LIKELY WE CAN TRAVEL THROUGH WORMHOLES
DAN ROBITZSKI
Warp Zone
Wormholes, or theoretical bridges connecting distant points in spacetime, are quickly being plucked from the realm of science fiction and brought into scientific reality.
In recent years, scientists have made significant progress toward making sense of these hypothetical warp tunnels. Pointing to all that research, Liverpool John Moores University astrophysicist Andreea Font argues in a new essay in The Conversation that it seems increasingly likely that real people might one day travel through them. If she’s right, that might mean someday being able to travel faster than light — or even through time.
Coming Through!
Of course, there are lots of caveats here — especially since existing research on wormholes is of course far more theoretical than practical.
For instance, Font points out that it would take something called negative energy in order to stretch a wormhole open wide enough for a spacecraft to travel through — but that only minuscule amounts of negative energy have been generated in a lab.
So, is it theoretically possible? Sure! But is it feasible with today’s technology? Certainly not. And with tomorrow’s tech? Well, that remains to be seen.
Looking Ahead
But the recent surge of research into wormholes suggests that the things that currently seem impossible may not always remain that way, Font argues, as more scientists publish work on the exotic cosmic structures and the possibility of traveling through them.
“Wormholes are still in the realm of the imagination,” Font wrote in The Conversation. “But some scientists think we will soon be able to find them, too.”
Vatican Secrets: Manuscript reveals humans have supernatural powers
Vatican Secrets: Manuscript reveals humans have supernatural powers
Human beings possess supernatural powers , but are largely ignorant of it. An ancient manuscript reveals it and even reveals the secret .
The divine Matrix is the energy network that connects our entire universe, it is made up of a network of many filaments similar to those present in our brain.
In 1944, Max Planck, the father of quantum theory, stunned the world when he said that there was a place where there was only pure energy, where all things have a beginning and are simply “E”.
According to researcher Gregg Braden , who has been dedicated to this type of study for more than 20 years, recent discoveries highlight the evidence that the Matrix that Planck spoke of really exists and that is the divine Matrix. Planck affirmed that this Matrix has its origin in the stars, in the rocks, in the DNA, and in life and in everything that exists.
Microscopically there is nothing physical, everything is vibration, everything is the effect of condensed energy. We live in a universe full of vibrations and our bodies are and are made up of those vibrations of energy that we constantly emanate.
Planck already approved, through quantum physics, that we are all connected through our own vibration. On the other hand, scientific experiments showed that our DNA changes with the frequency produced by our feelings and emotions, that is, vibrations. This shows us a new way that has the energy to connect with all of creation.
This powerful energy appears to be a tightly woven web that connects all matter and at the same time essentially influences this web of creation through our own vibrations. The experiments found that the highest energy frequencies that exist are those of love, and these impact the environment, they do so in a material way, producing transformations in our DNA and in our closest environment. This has a deep meaning, and it is that we have much more power than we imagine.
We have always heard about that power that we possess, mainly through the Bible, but that information has never passed to the public in a close way so that the same human being creates that power that it has, but has been abolished by the Church, hidden by the Church to make us weaker and more malleable. Everything has changed since they discovered a manuscript of the great code of Isaiah and other Essene texts, such as that of the caverns of Qumran, in the Dead Sea, in the year 1946.
Attributed to the prophet Isaiah, it seems to have been written more than 2,000 years ago, the text describes everything that quantum science began to understand only a few years ago, that is, the existence of many possible futures for each moment of our lives and that the most of the time we choose unconsciously. Each of these futures is in a state of rest, waiting to be awakened with our decisions made in the present.
The Isaiah code accurately describes these possibilities, in language we are now beginning to understand. Isaiah describes the science and from the declaration of the manuscript, with simple and clear examples, Gregg Braden makes reference to us that there was a technology widely used in ancient times, which was dispersed in the fourth century, as a result of that disappearance and of the destruction of the Rare Books or relegated to the mystery school were lost in time.
Now after the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls, all the information is reappearing again for humanity. The scientist and researcher speaks of a very simple technology, universally known by the name of prayer. This sentence, applied correctly, would give us the possibility of obtaining extraordinary things in addition to the human imagination that also plays its role. But of course who knows how to use it correctly?
The manuscripts found in the Dead Sea are of considerable importance to sleeping humanity. Nowadays, many live at the mercy of the spiritual forces of the fashionable religions, of the New Age movements, giving the power of their destiny to the hands of any other being, except for themselves. The manuscript that has been discovered explains how we can choose the future that we wish to consciously experience, revealing the keys to our role as creators of our reality.
Among these keys are the instructions of a lost model of prayer, which quantum science attributes the power to heal our own body, bring lasting peace, and prevent great climatic tragedies that humanity could face in a short time.
Gregg Braden says that little by little we are accepting the possibility that there is a new fully accessible energy field and that our DNA is able to communicate with photons through this field. The key to obtaining a result, among the many possibilities already existing, lies in the ability we have to feel that our choice has already been created and is happening at this moment.
Viewing prayer in this way as a feeling leads us to find the quality of thought and emotion that produces such a feeling. From this perspective, our prayer based on our feelings ceases to be something to be obtained and becomes something to accept and the desired result that is already being created.
In the time of the Essenes, words were the strongest and most powerful that we had for that reason, the Church and the powers that be, covered this manuscript, to enslave and continue to dominate the entire world. Where are these manuscripts? We don’t know, but we try to get closer to the truth, because the truth is the only thing that will set us free.
In anticipation of the government’s official UFO report coming in less than six monthsthanks to the COVID-19 omnibus bill, you can now download all of the publicly available CIA documentation on UFOs.
The Black Vault, a clearinghouse for declassified documents, has released a downloadable document archive filled with PDFs containing CIA files on Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP), the government's preferred term. . Some of the reports date all the way back to the 1980s, and according to the site's founder, John Greenewald Jr., the spy agency claims this is all of its documents on UAPs.
According to Greenewald, around 10,000 Freedom Of Information Act (FOIA) reports were required to obtain the PDFs and the process was an excruciatingly long one. He scanned the documents by hand.
“Around 20 years ago, I had fought for years to get additional UFO records released from the CIA,” Greenewald said in an email to Motherboard. “It was like pulling teeth! I went around and around with them to try and do so, finally achieving it. I received a large box, of a couple thousand pages, and I had to scan them in one page at a time.”
According to a blog announcing the archive, the CIA created a CD-ROM containing previously released records as well as those the Black Vault was attempting to unseal. To ensure the Black Vault has as complete a record of CIA documents as possible available, it purchased this CD-ROM in mid-2020.
The Black Vault blog notes that the CIA claims that this represents all its documents on the file, but there may be no way to verify that and other documents may be out there.
“Researchers and curious minds alike prefer simplicity and accessibility when they look at data dumps such as these,” Greenewald said. “The CIA has made it INCREDIBLY difficult to use their records in a reasonable manner. They offer a format that is very outdated (multi page .tif) and offer text file outputs, largely unusable, that I think they intend to have people use as a “search” tool. In my opinion, this outdated format makes it very difficult for people to see the documents, and use them, for any research purpose.”
One of the most interesting documents in the drop, Greenewald said, involved the Assistant Deputy Director for Science & Technology being hand-delivered some piece of information on a UFO in the 1970s.
The first UFO information to be declassified under FOIA laws came in the 1970s and early 1980s. After this, Greenewald said it was exceptionally difficult to obtain information from the government regarding extraterrestrial phenomena.
“Plain and simple, the public has a right to know!” Greenewald said. “When I began researching nearly 25 years ago at the age of 15, I knew there was something to this topic. Not because of viral internet hoaxes. Not because of back door meetings wherein I can’t tell you who, but I promise it was mind-blowing information. No, none of that. It was simply because of the evidence that I got straight from the CIA. And the NSA. And the Air Force. And the DIA. I feel I am achieving what I set out to do. Easy access, to important material, for people to make up their own minds on what is going on.”
Astronomers have a new measurement for the distance of quasar J0313-1806, making it the new record-holder for the most distant quasar known. We’re seeing it just 670 million years after the Big Bang, or more than 13 billion light-years away.
Artist’s impression of quasar J0313-1806, a highly luminous object in the early universe. Like all quasars, it’s thought to be powered by a supermassive black hole.
Keck Observatory and NSF’s NOIRLab both announced on January 12, 2021, that astronomers have located an object that sets a new record for being the most distant quasar and thus the most distant supermassive black hole. They said they’re seeing the quasar – labeled J0313-1806 – just 670 million years after the Big Bang, or more than 13 billion light-years away. It’s estimated to be some 1,000 times more luminous than our Milky Way galaxy, which is why we can still see it across such a great distance. This object is thought to be powered by what’s now the earliest known supermassive black hole in our universe, weighing in at more than 1.6 billion times the mass of our sun. Astronomers released this result this week at the January 2021 virtual meeting of the American Astronomical Society.
The astronomers didn’t just investigate the quasar’s distance; they also found a high-velocity wind apparently flowing from the central supermassive black hole at some 20% of light-speed.
When astronomers first began seeing quasars in the 1950s, they gave them a name that means quasi-stellar (star-like) radio source. In other words, radio telescopes first spotted them, and the first optical telescopes saw them as point-like, like stars. But by the 1960s and ’70s, quasars’ spectra had revealed them to be exceedingly distant. And astronomers wondered how such distant objects could emit such copious amounts of radiation and still be visible from so far away.
That’s when the idea of quasars being powered by supermassive black holes began to take hold. Now, as explained by Keck Observatory, quasars are seen as:
… the feeding frenzies of colossal supermassive black holes … the most energetic objects in the universe. They occur when gas in the superheated accretion disk around a supermassive black hole is inexorably drawn inwards, radiating light across theelectromagnetic spectrum.
The amount of energy emitted by quasars is enormous, with the most massive examples easily outshining entire galaxies.
Quasars are typically so distant that astronomers don’t speak of their distances in light-years. A distance in light-years can only be inferred, not measured directly. What can be measured is the object’s redshift, which correlates to its distance. Quasar JO313-1806 has a record-setting redshift of z = 7.64.
Astronomers who made this new measurement said that the presence of such a massive black hole so early in the universe’s history challenges theories of black hole formation. Feige Wang, a NASA Hubble fellow at the University of Arizona and lead author of the research paper, explained:
Black holes created by the very first massive stars could not have grown this large in only a few hundred million years.
In addition to weighing the monster black hole, the Keck Observatory and Gemini North observations uncovered an extremely fast outflow emanating from the quasar in the form of a high-velocity wind traveling at 20% of the speed of light. Astronomer Jinyi Yang at the University of Arizona – a co-author on the new paper – commented:
The energy released by such an extreme high-velocity outflow is large enough to impact the star formation in the entire quasar host galaxy.
The astronomers said this is:
… the earliest known example of a quasar sculpting the growth of its host galaxy, making J0313-1806 a promising target for future observations.
The galaxy hosting J0313-1806’s is undergoing a spurt of star formation, producing new stars 200 times faster than the Milky Way. The combination of this intense star formation, the luminous quasar, and the high-velocity outflow make J0313-1806 and its host galaxy a promising natural laboratory for understanding the growth of supermassive black holes and their host galaxies in the early universe.
Wang added:
This would be a great target to investigate the formation of the earliest supermassive black holes. We also hope to learn more about the effect of quasar outflows on their host galaxy, as well as to learn how the most massive galaxies formed in the early universe.
Astronomers Feige Wang and Jinyi Yang, both of Steward Observatory at the University of Arizona, helped measure the distance for quasar J0313-1806, the current record-holder for the most distant quasar known in our universe.
Bottom line:Astronomers have a new measurement for the distance of quasar J0313-1806, making it the new record-holder for the most distant quasar known. We’re seeing it just 670 million years after the Big Bang, or more than 13 billion light-years away. The astronomers also found a high-velocity wind apparently flowing from this quasar’s central, supermassive black hole at some 20% of light-speed.
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The image at left shows an artist's conception of the central portion of the galaxy
Artist’s conception of the central portion of the galaxy that hosts the quasar SDSS J135246.37+423923.5 viewed at optical wavelengths. Thick winds obscure our view, and imprint signatures of the energetic outflow on the SDSS spectrum.
Credit: International Gemini Observatory/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/P. Marenfeldo
This image shows the same artist’s view as the top image on this page at infrared wavelengths, as seen by the Gemini GNIRS detector. The thick outflow is transparent at infrared wavelengths, giving us a clear line of sight to the quasar. The infrared spectrum yields the quasar redshift, and from that reference frame, we measured the record-breaking outflow velocity.
Credit: International Gemini Observatory/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/P. Marenfeld
The Bosco Verticale In Milan in spring, West side. Credit: Wikimedia Commons.
The 21st century is the urban century. It has been forecast that urban areas across the world will have expanded by more than 2.5 billion people by 2050.
The scale and speed of urbanisation has created significant environmental and health problems for urban dwellers. These problems are often made worse by a lack of contact with the natural world.
With research group the Tree Urbanistas, I have been considering and debating how to solve these problems. By 2119, it is only through re-establishing contact with the natural world, particularly trees, that cities will be able to function, be viable and able to support their populations.
Future cities
The creation of urban forests will make cities worth living in, able to function and support their populations: Treetopias.
This re-design will include the planting of many more urban trees and other vegetation – and making use of new, more creative methods. Although we didn’t fully realise it at the time, the 1986 Hundertwasserhaus in Vienna, a building that incorporated 200 trees in its design, was the start of more creative urban forestry thinking.
The Hundertwasserhaus in Vienna, designed by Friedensreich Hundertwasser. Credit: Wikimedia Commons.
This has been carried on in Stefano Boeri’s Bosco Verticale apartments in downtown Milan, which incorporates over 800 trees as part of the building. Similar structures are being developed around the world, such as in Nanjing in China and Utrecht in The Netherlands.
The urban forest needs to be designed as a first principle, part of the critical infrastructure of the whole city, not just as a cosmetic afterthought. We know for example that in 2015, urban forest in the UK saved the NHS over £1 billion by helping to reduce the impact of air pollutants. In 2119, we may well look back on this present time as the equivalent of the Victorian slum.
Trees can create places which can greatly improve our health and well-being. Our urban forest can give us the spaces and places to help manage our mental health and improve our physical health. Research has indicated for example that increasing the canopy cover of a neighbourhood by 10% and creating safe, walkable places can reduce obesity by as much as 18%.
The Hundertwasserhaus in Vienna, designed by Friedensreich Hundertwasser.
As rural areas become less productive as a result of climate change, cities – which previously consumed goods and services from a large hinterland – will have to become internally productive. Trees will be at the centre of that, contributing to the city energy balance through cooling, regulating and cleaning our air and water flows, and ensuring that our previously neglected urban soils function healthily.
Urban forests could also provide timber for building. We have a history of productive woodlands in the UK, yet alternative construction materials and a growth in an urban population with less knowledge of forest management means that the urban forest is rarely viewed as productive. We are now recognising the potential productivity of the urban forest, as campaigns to stimulate homegrown timber markets and achieve more efficient management efficiencies are proving to be successful.
Furthermore, economic growth is still deemed to be the prime symbol of the effectiveness of a city, but we need to be equally aware of other invisible values. This will open up new approaches to governance. Governance needs to embrace all forms of value in a balanced way and facilitate a new vision, considering how trees can help create liveable cities.
New opportunities
As the urban population rises, we need to get better at understanding the breadth and diversity of the values held about our urban forest. Individual people can hold several distinct values at once, as urban forests may contribute to their wellbeing in different ways.
The current guardians of our urban forest, mainly local authority tree officers, spend much of their time managing risks rather than maximising the opportunities of trees. They often receive complaints about trees and tree management, and it can sometimes be difficult to remember that people do care about trees. We need to develop viable partnerships between tree managers, community members and businesses to support trees in our cities.
Although the canopy cover of cities worldwide is currently falling, this is not the case in Europe, where it is increasing. Many European countries are acknowledging the fact that we have over-designed our towns and cities to accommodate the car, and now it is time to reclaim the public realm for our people – either pedestrians on foot or on bicycles.
Creative developments like the Hundertwasserhaus are not the only answer to creating Treetopia. We are and will continue to plant more street trees, urban groves and informal clusters of trees in our parks and green spaces. Treetopia has begun.
During the course of my many Chupacabra investigations on Puerto Rico (from 2004 to 2018), barely a day went by when I didn’t hear at least one story of the chupacabra’s vampire-like attacks on livestock and other animals. And I can’t tell you how many times the words “blood” and “draining” (or “sucking”) were used in the very same sentence. Certainly, I uncovered a number of stories from people who claimed their dead animals were subjected to necropsies, and which confirmed that massive blood loss had occurred. The problem, however, was that I was never able to secure even a single, official necropsy report to validate those claims. On the other side of the coin, I have heard more than a few stories suggesting the assumed, huge loss of blood was actually due to the blood of the dead animals sinking to the lowest parts of the victims’ bodies, after death. What appeared to have been evidence of a significant loss of blood may, then, have really been be due to nothing more than wild, and uninformed, misidentification. And on the issue of misinterpretation, it’s important to understand the biology and processes involved in those creatures that do dine on blood.
When it comes to the matter of animals that ingest and digest blood (a process called hematophagy), you might be surprised just how many there are. The long list includes bed-bugs, lampreys, Torpedo snails (a type of sea-snail), fleas, horseflies, and Geospiza difficilis septentrionalis – the “vampire finch” of the Galapagos Islands, which happens to be the only known bird on the planet that supplements its diet with fresh blood. Of course, the most famous of all the blood-drinking animals is the bat. More specifically: the vampire bat. There are no less than three kinds of vampire bat: the hairy-legged, the white-winged, and the common vampire bat, all of which have their origins in the New World. Interestingly, and just like the chupacabra, the white-winged vampire has a particular liking of the blood of goats.
Just like its horror-movie counterpart, this particular breed of vampire prefers to spend its time in places dominated by just one thing: darkness. Caverns, tunnels, abandoned buildings, and caves are among the most favorite abodes of the vampire bat. To say that the vampire bat is a unique creature is not an understatement. It uses what are termed thermo-receptors – sensory neurons – to identify those parts of potential prey where the blood is closest to the surface of the skin and easily accessible. In terms of its attacks, and again just like its fictional, horror-movie-based counterparts, the vampire bat very often feeds on creatures that are sleeping, as this makes them far less likely to fight back. The brain of the vampire bat – and primarily the inferior colliculus, which controls how the brain interprets sound – is particularly honed to allow it to detect an animal that is specifically in the sleep-state.
There are other parallels between vampire bats and the likes of the characters in True Blood and The Strain. To survive, they have to keep drinking blood. Studies have shown that vampire bats cannot go for more than approximately forty-eight hours without a significant amount of the red stuff flowing through their systems. Perhaps most fascinating of all is what happens when a vampire bat fails to find fresh blood. It will approach another member of the colony and, in a fashion that is still not fully understood, give a sign that it is in dire need of food. The other bat, in response, will regurgitate tiny amounts of its own, recent intake of blood, thus providing its fellow-vampire with much-needed nourishment. Now, we come to the most important aspect of the life and feeding activities of the vampire bat. If it shatters some cherished assumptions, that’s too damned bad, but – contrary to what many people believe – vampire bats do not suck blood. Ever. Instead, when a bat lands on its sleeping prey, it makes a tiny incision, with its razor-sharp teeth, that provokes the flow of blood – in much the same way that blood flows to the surface of our skin when it’s cut. The bat then proceeds to lap the protein-rich blood, rather than suck it.
That’s the truth of the matter. As for the Chupacabra, so far no evidence of specific blood-sucking has ever been found. Only in the domain of friend-of-a-friend-type tales.
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SpaceX returns to Starship program roots with new ‘test tank’ prototype
SpaceX returns to Starship program roots with new ‘test tank’ prototype
It’s now clear that SpaceX is preparing to return to the roots of its Starship program with the latest in a series of one-off ‘test tanks’ meant to qualify upgrades to the rocket’s design and production.
Likely known as Starship SN7.2, the hardware will be the first standalone tank built and tested by SpaceX since SN7.1 was successfully pressurized to failure in a process known as burst testing in September 2020. Following in the footsteps of SN7.1, a simple test tank fully focused on qualifying a change in the steel alloy used to build Starships, SN7.2 was somewhat more complex, swapping one of two smooth forward domes with a thrust dome and adding a ‘skirt’ section.
Built out of the same steel alloy as SN7.1, SN7.2 went through similar testing but included the use of a hydraulic ram designed to simulate the thrust of one, two, or three Raptors on the ‘thrust puck’ those engines would otherwise attach to. Starship test tank SN7.2 appears to be quite similar to SN7.1 – but with one or two crucial differences.
SpaceX is gearing up for another round of destructive Starship tank testing to qualify design and manufacturing upgrades.
(NASASpaceflight – bocachicagal)
The first difference, as noted above, is a reduction in the thickness of the steel rings that make up the outer walls and structure of SN7.2’s barrel-like tank section. SpaceX is believed to have reduced that skin thickness by 25% (4mm to 3mm) in an apparent effort to begin a weight reduction process necessary for Starships to eventually achieve their optimal payload goal of ~150 metric tons (~330,000 lb) to low Earth orbit.
4mm Starship test tank SN7.0, June 2020.
(NASASpaceflight – bocachicagal)
Starship test tank SN7.2 sections (center, right) and SN15’s forward dome assembly.
(NASASpaceflight – bocachicagal)
From some angles, SN7.2’s steel rings do appear slightly flimsier or more liable to warp from the heat of welding than other test tanks in the SN7 range, but the differences are rather subtle. Regardless, a reduction from 4mm to 3mm steel rings could likely cut 5-10% from an orbit-capable Starship’s empty weight. When every gram of Starship mass reduction translates directly into an extra gram of payload, it’s safe to say that SpaceX is just getting started.
It’s unclear if a successful SN7.2 test campaign will result in similar reductions to the steel that makes up Starship tank domes and noses. SN7.2’s forward and thrust domes appear to be more or less identical to almost all prior Starship prototype hardware.
Aside from thinner steel skin, it’s also possible that SpaceX will attempt to hit two birds with one stone and test a second unproven change on SN7.2 – namely an upgraded ‘thrust puck’ design. That new puck design first appeared on a November 2020 shipment from SpaceX’s Hawthorne, CA headquarters. Referring to the cone-like structure Starship’s three central Raptor engines attach to and are fed propellant through, the new design simplifies plumbing complexity by allowing Starship’s fuel and fuel header tanks to attach directly to and feed methane through the puck.
SpaceX’s upgraded thrust puck design is likely to debut on Starship SN15 or a fourth SN7 test tank.
(NASASpaceflight – bocachicagal)
SN10’s thrust puck appears a bit more complex, although it accomplishes the same task.
(NASASpaceflight – bocachicagal)
It’s unclear which thrust puck design SN7.2 has settled on, though SpaceX’s decision to make SN7.2 an engine section test tank arguably points towards the new puck. Regardless, SpaceX will almost certainly install a skirt section – two reinforced rings – underneath SN7.2 once the tank is welded together, giving it the hold-down clamps needed to secure it to a launch mount while simulating Raptor thrust.
UFO Disclosure Bombshells! US Intelligence Agencies Release UFO Docs
UFO Disclosure Bombshells! US Intelligence Agencies Release UFO Docs
UFO Disclosure Bombshells! US Intelligence Agencies Release UFO Docs
US intelligence agencies have 180 days to share what they know about UFOs
Jamz TV covers everything from Conspiracies to HipHop news. All current events are covered from A-Z without prejudice. There are Livestreams from multiple content creators to suite all your viewing needs.
The Irish Origins of Civilization… The Druid's Influence
The Irish Origins of Civilization… The Druid's Influence
The Irish Origins of Civilization… The Druid’s Influence
COAST TO COAST AM INSIDER Archived Show – Appearing during the first three hours, alternative historian Michael Tsarion discussed his latest work on the Irish origins of civilization including the influence of the Druids on language and religion.
He asserted that the destruction of these people, known as Druids, served to minimize their wide-reaching historical influence. Their legacy, however, can be seen in symbolism found in modern times, appropriated into many works, including architecture.
Real Disclosure! They Were Here Before Us & Come From Inner Earth
Real Disclosure! They Were Here Before Us & Come From Inner Earth
In This (LARP) Live Action Role Playing game we compile the Data from ancient Cuneiform tablets, Statues Tens of Thousands of Years Old in India and Scriptures from around the World to present the possibility, some Species labeled as Aliens actually come from here and live within the Earth, not Outer Space.
A highly evolved, physically and mentally advanced species that has lived since the dinosaurs and continued to Evolve underground and in Space, sometimes on the Surface also, they fit in great, because their Physiological makeup allows them to look like us and others, similar to how the chameleon adapts to its surroundings. It appears they are running out of resources down there and want to conquer the Above Ground Realm, with its inhabitants which they label as Surface Rats or Surface Flies. They need to Terra-form the planets atmosphere though, to be comfortable up here and are using various Programs, which you and others pay for to achieve the results which better serves their needs.
Frequencies, Genetic Manipulation & Hi Level Technologies are used together to keep the Surface Flies in Order with a limited sense of Reality. Even the way most people think, limits them to a fraction of their God-spark potential, in a Devolution process which reminds me of slugs in sludge, slithering slowly in stinky slime. Remember this is for Entertainment Purposes and a LARP.
I was looking at Helioviewer for the most recent sun photos and found something that really intrigued me. A glitch of two suns uniting to become one. Sure this is a glitch, but the real question is...a glitch from the satellite, or a glitch from a simulated universe? Yes, I do believe it has a high chance of being evidence that we live in a simulated universe. Even Scientific American states, "Do we live in a simulation? Chances are about 50–50." And then Scientific America makes one final statement deciding on a conclusion about us living in a simulation, "Maybe we are living in base reality after all—The Matrix, Musk and weird quantum physics notwithstanding."
All I am saying here is please consider the possibilities that what we see and what we are told exist might be something totally different. If 50% of the worlds scientists are on the edge about this...then there is defiantly something to the theory.
Another daytime UFO sighting. This one was filmed over Albertville, Alabama on 14th January 2021.
Witness report:
Was out looking at sunset and was panning around sky looking at chem trails when I turned around it was just there. When I say just there, I mean no sound at all,no chem trails. Headed in a straight path. At first it made my phone kind of glitch and I zoomed in. Could tell it looked like a tic tac and I saw no wings. As I followed it with my phone it seemed to just disappear. As I was showing in my video, all the planes were leaving chem trails and I wanted to show that. I panned back around to where I had initially saw the craft, another one had appeared in what looked like the same place. Again,no chem trails or sound. It also made my phone glitch and disappeared to what looked like in the same place as the first one.
Daytime UFO filmed over Bangkok, Thailand 26-Dec-2020
Daytime UFO filmed over Bangkok, Thailand 26-Dec-2020
New footage filmed on 26th December 2020 about this strange object flying across the sky above Bangkok in Thailand.
Witness report:
I was standing on 31th floor of building and look on sky above and i saw this. Its very far above from 31th floor i dnt think its a drone. Its in a city where there are none of military bases. I was waiting it to come down if it was a drone but at the end it keeps going up in the sky and disappear in the cloud. Can you check whether it is ufo or not.
A team of international archaeologists and paleoanthropologists unearthed a big amount of stone tools dating back 2 million years during the Early Pleistocene period in addition to fossilized bones and plant materials. The discovery was made at a site called Ewass Oldupa which is located in the western part of the ancient basin Olduvai Gorge (now called Oldupai) in the northern part of Tanzania.
The stone tools that were found were part of the Oldowan which is the oldest-known stone tool industry that dates back 2.6 million years and were believed to have been created by Homo habilis although it’s known not for certain. The authors noted that while they haven’t found any remains belonging to Homo habilis, they did discover bones from that species very close by at another site only 1,148 feet away.
Professor Tristan Carter, who is a researcher in the Department of Anthropology at McMaster University and a co-author of the study, detailed this further by stating, “Our research sheds further light on our distant origins and evolutionary history.” “The exposed canyon wall reveals 2 million years of geological history and ancient sediments have preserved the stone artifacts remarkably, as well as human and faunal remains.”
Some of the animal fossils that were found at Ewass Oldupa include pigs, hippos, wild cattle, lions, panthers, primates, hyena, birds, and reptiles. This reveals that while the site changed dramatically over the years, humans and animals still came to the site. “Our research reveals that the geological, sedimentary and plant landscapes around Ewass Oldupa changed a lot, and quickly,” the researchers explained. “Yet humans kept coming back here to use local resources for over 200,000 years.” “They used a great diversity of habitats: fern meadows, woodland mosaics, naturally burned landscapes, lakeside palm groves, steppes.”
They went on to say the area was often covered with ash because of volcanic eruptions and that it shows “one of the earliest examples of adaptation to major ecological transformations” as described by Dr. Pastory Bushozi who is a researcher at Dar es Salaam University and another co-author of the study.
Julien Favreau, who is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Anthropology at McMaster University and another co-author of the study, weighed in by stating, “The artifacts are truly spectacular in terms of their age, but what they really show is that through time, human ancestors were occupying vastly different environments with only one tool kit. It really speaks to their behavioral flexibility and ecological adaptability.”
(Not the tools found at Ewass Oldupa.)
Another interesting fact was that most of the rocks that were used to create the tools came from a location that was 7.5 miles away (12 kilometers) which indicates that they went through a lot of planning in order to make them. (A picture of some of the tools and the site of Ewass Oldupa can be seen here.)
Does anyone listen to FM radio anymore? NASA does and it’s a good thing they do – otherwise, we might have missed an FM signal coming from Ganymede, one of the larger moons of Jupiter. What do the residents of Ganymede listen to? Rock? Rap? Techno-pop? Space-age bachelor pad music? Ganymedean folk music?
“Since its first orbit in 2016, Juno has delivered one revelation after another about the inner workings of this massive gas giant. With the extended mission, we will answer fundamental questions that arose during Juno’s prime mission while reaching beyond the planet to explore Jupiter’s ring system and largest satellites.”
Before we do the big reveal, it’s important to note that this is the second time NASA’s the Juno mission has been in the mainstream media this week. First, the space agency announced a mission extension for Juno to September 2025, the projected “best used by” date of the spacecraft. This gives Juno more time to gather close-up data on Jupiter, its rings and three of its largest moons — Ganymede, Europa, and Io. Ganymede is not only its largest moon (bigger that Mercury in size but not mass) but the only one known to have a magnetic field.
Ganymede
What does this have to do with its FM radio signal – you haven’t forgotten about that, have you?
No, not forgotten – just hoping to delay the disappointing news.
“It’s not E.T. It’s more of a natural function.”
Not only was the signal natural, the event was so insignificant that the response to the media was delivered by Patrick Wiggins, one of NASA’s Solar System Ambassadors in Utah. These are over 1,000 volunteer ambassadors (you can look yours up here) – many with backgrounds in science, space, teaching, etc. – who engage with the public to communicate information on NASA’s missions. Patrick Wiggins is retired from Utah’s Hansen Planetarium and works part time with the University of Utah Department of Physics and Astronomy. For a more disappointing but interesting observation on the signal, here’s one from Curiosmos.com”
“If you need the scientific name, the signal was a “decametric radio emission” but we actually know it by its much more widespread name – Wi-Fi. The range of the frequency corresponds to that used by our Earthly signals.”
Jupiter’s decametric radio emission was first discovered in 1955 by B.F. Burke and K.L. Franklin at the frequency of 22.2 MHz. The current one was detected by Juno while orbiting near Jupiter’s polar regions close to the magnetic field that connects with Ganymede. It’s believed to have been caused by electrons oscillating slower than their normal rate – a process known as cyclotron maser instability. (Possible prog-rock band or album name?)
Is that Ganymedean folk music?
Before you sulk away dejectedly, this “decametric radio emission” was the first ever detected from Ganymede. While not broadcast from an FM tower by an intelligent life form, a connection could be found in the future – perhaps even from Juno – because Ganymede has an internal ocean that may contain more water than there is on Earth.
In mythology, Ganymede was a Trojan prince desired by Zeus (the Greek Jupiter), who carried him off to be the cupbearer of the gods. Will Ganymede the moon bear the cup of news of extraterrestrial life beyond Earth? It’s up to you, Juno.
Filer’s Files 2 2021 UFOs Come in All Sizes - PART I
Santiago, Chile flight on November 11, 2020
Filer’s Files 2 2021 UFOs Come in All Sizes - PART I
Major George A. Filer III ret. USAF
New Jersey State Director
MUFON Eastern Region Director
In special reports, this week’s files cover: UFOs Come in All Sizes, Astronaut Story Musgrave Saw Disc in Space, We’re all aliens, Mars and Moon Tubes, President Kennedy Killed Because He Demanded UFO Data, New Satellite Can See through Clouds, Civil War, Strange Craft and Carbon 60.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over California, Florida, Illinois, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Texas, and West Virginia.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Australia, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, France, Germany, South Africa, Sweden, and England in the United Kingdom.
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
Forward these files to your friends and neighbors.
You are important, you were put here for a reason, never doubt that!
Special Reports
Unidentified Flying Objects Come in All Sizes
It appears the aliens have the ability to use nanotechnology and are able to manufacture their craft in multiple sizes or manipulate them to shrink or expand. My friend Ingo Swan while staying at my house told me about his trip of being flown to Alaska by government personnel and being taken to a mountain lake. There around midnight a basketball size object comes in from space and hovers over the lake. Suddenly it expands into a huge craft almost a mile in size and places hoses into the water. It appeared a large amount of water was taken and craft returns to its small size and heads back out to space. Apparently, our Earth is an oasis in space where alien ships refuel, obtain water and food.
Several abductees have told me they were miniaturized in space and the ship became normal size upon entering the atmosphere of Earth. Small ships require muck less propulsions capability than a huge ship.
They also seem to have a curiosity about earthling and watch important events on Earth.
Most stars have some planets orbiting them, with thousands can support life
Millions of stars with planet systems are shown in this photo of the night sky.
Many UFOs were seen, videotaped recently in Japan, Iraq, England, and South Africa. Often tiny reconnaissance probes smaller than baseballs are sent out to obtain intelligence. Conversely some ships are huge up to a mile or long.
Miniature UFO Wreckage Discovered in Science Museum Archive?
Wreckage from a “miniature” UFO crash in North Yorkshire sixty years ago has been rediscovered in the archives of the Science Museum in London. Or has it?
Known as Britain’s “answer to America’s Roswell incident,” the Saucer story broke on December 9, 1957 in The Yorkshire Post when ‘a mystery’ disc was found on Yorkshire moor. Scarborough businessman Frank Dickenson and two friends were driving up Reasty Hill, near the village of Silpho, and their car stalled as ‘a glowing object in the sky’ landed in Borax Forest.
Mr. Dickenson found the metallic saucer in a patch of bracken, but when he returned with his friend the object was gone, so he placed a classified advert in the Scarborough newspaper and eventually bought it for £10. When the artifact was cut open a tiny book was found made of “17 thin copper sheets” covered in 2000 hieroglyphs.” Scarborough café owner, Philip Longbottom studied the disc and claimed it been sent to Earth by an alien called “Ullo” and the message warned: ‘You will improve or disappear’. Hieroglyphics were also found on the wreckage of the UFO that allegedly crashed at Roswell, New Mexico, in June 1947.
While flying for the U.S.Air Force, London Control asked our crew to chase a huge UFO. We were cleared of all traffic and told we had the highest priority Queen’s Clearance and raced across England .Radar showed the UFO was as big as the Firth of Forth Bridge which is a mile long. At five miles away it appeared as a huge cruise ship that suddenly powered up and flew into space.
Astronaut Story Musgrave Saw Disc in Space
Former NASA engineer Clark C. McClelland writes, “Space Shuttle Columbia during STS-80 took a crew of five astronauts into a 17 day, almost 16 hour mission around the earth, the longest flight in the history of this vehicle. During this lengthy flight a very strange event occurred that even had crewman Dr. Story Musgrave unable to explain what he observed from the shuttle windows. A large disc shaped object appeared below the shuttle Columbia.”
The disc was first observed to miraculously appear from out of nowhere, flying through the clouds below and progressing from right to left as the astronauts stared in utter amazement. The outer rim of the craft appeared to be rotating counter-clockwise. It was very large (compared to common space junk and breakaway ice), approximately 50 to 150 feet in diameter.
NASA Photograph from Shuttle for UFO Below
Astronaut Dr. Story Musgrave, a Payload Specialist on the STS-80 Mission, was interviewed following the flight. As he viewed a videotape of the incident which showed lightning flashes in the atmosphere, the city lights of Denver, Colorado and other earthbound sights, he stated: “I don’t know what it is. Whether it’s a vehicle, debris, ice particles, I don’t know. But it’s characteristic of the thousands of things which I’ve seen. What is not so characteristic is it appears to come from nowhere. You would think that if it’s facing the dark side or facing a side towards you which is not reflecting the sun, you would think that you would see something there. It’s really impressive.”
During an earlier interview, Dr. Musgrave stated, “I attempted to communicate with ET life forms during each of his six missions.” He actually asked them to take him with them. Now that’s an astronaut with a lot of courage. Dr. Musgrave retired after this flight from NASA. Since then he’s been spreading his considered opinion thatalien life exists. When Musgrave speaks of this, it’s no great leap for one to assume he’s admitting knowledge of alien life. As the final slide of a “Grey” ET was shown during a recent astronomy presentation by Dr. Musgrave, he made this surprising comment: “These guys are real… I guarantee it!” Dr. Musgrave does know the truth. This author guarantees it!
Consider that carefully. These are world renowned scientists making statements almost beyond belief. Dr. von Braun and others of his stature have the courage to disclose “sensitive” information, but obviously the leaders of the US and the world do not. If billions could find a way of coping with the overwhelming threat of atomic annihilation for half a century, it is reasonable to assume we can cope with the knowledge of these “Other Intelligence’s” from the stars. We can cope with the fact they are visiting earth, and have been since the beginning of history. “Those still asleep must open their eyes. We Are Not Alone.” Thanks to Clark C. McClelland, former ScO, U.S. Space Shuttle Fleet, KSC, and Florida 1958 to 1992.
Is this proof of colony Earth and we’re all aliens?
Dr. Richard Hoover
Fossils of algae-like beings in meteorites are reported by astrobiologist Dr. Richard Hoover in the Journal of Cosmology. Reportedly the White House has reacted angrily to the announcement and is pressuring Hoover to recant since the evidence changes much in science and biology such as the theory that life evolved in the primordial soup on Earth. In the beginning, of course, the explanation was God. Then, in the age of science, Charles Darwin came along and speculated that it all began in a ‘warm little pond.
The origin of life on Earth — known as ‘biogenesis’ — remains one of the great unsolved mysteries of science. Although Darwin gave us a theory of how the first primitive microbes evolved into the wonderful diversity of plants and animals that comprise the living world today, but we don’t know how life got started.
Indication of Life inside Meteorite
Hoover a NASA scientist claims to have found evidence of life from beyond Earth within freshly-cleaved surfaces of rare meteorites from Mars. But some scientists maintain that the early Earth was so hostile to life that it must have begun elsewhere. Life on Mars may have predated life on the Earth. We can even speculate life was carried here aboard an ark from Mars.
The human race will have to realize we are not the biological center of the universe that a designer spread life to numerous planets. Dr. Hoover has stirred up fresh debate over life elsewhere in the cosmos after claiming to have found tiny fossils of alien bugs inside meteorites that landed on Earth. About 2% are bacteria within the meteorites.
Richard Hoover, an astrobiologist at the US Space Agency’s Marshall Space Flight Centre in Alabama, said
“Filaments and other structures in rare meteorites appear to be microscopic fossils of extraterrestrial beings that resemble algae known as cyanobacteria.” Some of the extra-terrestrial ‘fossils’ look very much like a living earthly bug called Titanospirillum velox, which is found in muds in the Ebro Delta in Spain. The three meteorite samples Dr. Hoover has studied predate any fossils found on Earth and older than the crust of our planet, dating from the time when the planets of our solar system were still coming together from a cloud of dust and rocks.
If is findings are confirmed we will be forced to conclude that life on Earth really did start elsewhere, and furthermore that life is probably everywhere in the Universe. A meteorite, named ALH84001, generated headline news in 1996 when Nasa announced it contained ‘biomorphic’ structures, tubule-like objects that looked like bacteria.
Laboratory tests on the rocky filaments found no evidence to suggest they were remnants of Earth-based organisms that contaminated the meteorites after they landed, Hoover said. “He discovered the features after inspecting the freshly cleaved surfaces of three meteorites that are believed to be among the oldest in the solar system. Writing in the Journal of Cosmology, Hoover claims that the lack of nitrogen in the samples, which is essential for life on Earth, indicates they are “the remains of extraterrestrial life forms that grew on the parent bodies of the meteorites when liquid water was present, long before the meteorites entered the Earth’s atmosphere.”
B, C: red blood cell remnants found inside meteorite Ivuna
Cyanobacteria play the key role in nitrogen fixation on Earth and many genera and species of are capable of diazotrophic growth and nitrogen metabolism. Nitrogen fixation occurs via the nitrogenase enzyme with some other proteins involved in this complex biological process.
Sir Fred Hoyle
Sir Fred Hoyle astrophysicist “A common sense interpretation of the facts suggests that a super intellect has monkeyed with physics, as well as with chemistry and biology, and that there are no blind forces worth speaking about in nature. The numbers one calculates from the facts seem to me so overwhelming as to put this conclusion almost beyond question.”
The likelihood of the formation of life from inanimate matter is 1 to a number with 40,000 zeros after it. It is big enough to bury Darwin and the whole theory of evolution. Hoyle, F. 1982. The Universe: Past and Present Reflections.
Rudy Schild, a scientist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Centre for Astrophysics and editor of the journal, said: “The implications are that life is everywhere, and that life on Earth may have come from other planets.”Proof that alien microbes hitched across the cosmos inside meteors, or by clinging to their surfaces, would bolster a theory known as panspermia, in which life is spread from planet to planet by hurtling space rocks.
Mars image. Sir Francis Crick, joint discoverer of DNA, remarked that “the origin of life seemed “almost a miracle, so many are the conditions which would have had to have been satisfied to get it going. The problem is that even the simplest living thing is already so stupendously complex that if such an entity were to be thrown together by chance, it would be a fluke of such magnitude as to be unlikely to happen twice in the observable universe, vast though that may be.”
Certainly, many scientists support the idea of an extra-terrestrial origin for earthly life. Professor Paul Davies, a British cosmologist at Arizona State University, has suggested life on Earth may have its origins on Mars. He reasons that four billion years ago Mars was a far more hospitable place for life to evolve than Earth. Being smaller, Mars cooled more quickly and was hit less often by the massive meteor strikes that made the infant solar system such a hazardous environment for life of any kind. He says,
Mars Ark Bring Martians to Earth
“We could all be the descendants of ancient Martian microbes blasted off the Red Planet’s surface by later meteorite bombardments.” There is even the fascinating possibility a dying civilization loaded up an ark like space ship and flew to Colony Earth with all types of animals. We have now discovered life on Mars similar to life on Earth that strongly suggests life exists throughout the universe on billions of planets.
Mars Structures
Toer on Mars 400 feet Tall
Dr. Richard Buchli writes, “Here is a series of partially covered openings or structures on mars.” These shapes are too perfect to be works of nature. There is a line of objects two and half miles long with seven objects running north to south. The distance between the opposing two structures is about 1500 feet, and 1300 feet. White domed structures are located at both ends of line. The location is at 37 57 26 85 N 82 16 43 13 W. Thanks to Richard Buchli D.V.M. PhD. Dorothy Buchli W.B.W
Mars Tubes can hide cities
Moon Tubes
Moon at 37.40N 86 24E –
Richard Buchli writes, “Notice the 1800 foot wide tube like formation on the surface of our moon.Thanks to Richard Buchli D.V.M PhD. And Dorothy Buchli W.B.WThanks to Google Moon. Reporting’ Center http://www.UFOcenter.com/
Mars Strange Face
Mars Face or Dog’s Face
ALIEN SHIFT has discovered the Alien face between 100,000 pictures taken by the NASA’s Mars Global Surveyor (MGS). and Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) this is a picture of gullies on the walls of a meteor impact crater that occur in Newton Basin in Sirenum Terra.T he crater is at 42.4S, 158.2 W. Resolution is 1.5 meter per pixel.
A New Satellite Can Peer Inside Some Buildings
Capello Radar
Capella Space launched a satellite capable of taking clear radar images of anywhere in the world, with incredible resolution. It can even see inside some buildings, including spotting airplanes inside hangars but can’t see in high rises or residential homes.
And unlike most of the huge array satellites orbiting the Earth, its satellite Capella 2 can snap a clear picture during night or day, rain or shine.
“Capella launched a platform allowing governmental or private customers to request images of anything in the world with six additional satellites next year.
Capella can peer right through cloud cover, in daylight as in total darkness. It uses synthetic aperture radar, or SAR. Thanks to Bruce Cornet and Frank Chile
Colony Earth Computers
If UFOs can reach us from other planets or dimensions or from under the sea their technology must be far in advance of our own. Not generally realized is how advanced our own Earth computers are becoming. Google and Tesla for example is experiencing with computers that drive cars, Parkinson’s disease patients have neural implants, there are more than 2000 robots fighting in Afghanistan alongside our troops.
The Jeopardy game show was played with Watson an IBM computer (shown here) against two former human champions. It is logical to assume the aliens also use advanced computers, and it is quite likely many of the aliens themselves are advanced robot computers, probably a combination of biological alien and computer.
It is predicted Earth computers will surpass human intelligence in the year 2023 and Watson is a terrific start.
Computers are growing faster at an increasing rate, probably by 2035; computers will greatly transform our civilization. The world as we know it may greatly change as society decides to trust computers that have been programmed with ethical decisions to control governments, to judge court cases, drive cars and planes. We can assume alien computers greatly exceed human intelligence and may be a reason they remain hidden and anonymous. Abductees often report the aliens seem robot like and seldom talk or express emotions.
Only a few aliens can control a vast array of robot aliens collecting data, DNA, energy, foodstuffs and minerals. Seven billion people populate the Earth and resources and food are finite. Another twenty years the population will increase to eight billion people and we may have to colonize other planets to handle the growing population. The aliens may be here exploring for the same reasons. Computers will accomplish most of the work so the number of jobs will greatly decrease, or the work force may have a shorter day. The large number of unemployed may be given monthly payments to keep them alive.
United States No Longer a Democracy
Republicans Fail to Stop Fraudulent Election
A hundred thousand protestors rallied in DC and some regrettably entered the capital. A group of House Republicans with House Minority Leader Kevin Mccarthy r-California this week joined 100 House GOP colleagues in support of an effort to subvert the rigged presidential election I worked the polls for 20 years always with a Democrat and Republican side by side. There cannot be a fair election with one party controlling the polls in the major cities. There are dozens of ways to rig the election as poll workers were instructed before the polls were opened. Republican poll observers claim a scam since they cannot see the actual ballots from a distance.
A group of 100 House Republicans Protesting the Election
I have seen dozens of honest witnesses, eve many Democrats who claim the election was a complete fraud. One Democrat claimed they were trained to lie, cheat, and steal votes to get rid of Trump Expect taxes to up to afford giving illegal immigrants free medical coverage. The sick and the criminal element realize America is ripe for the taking.
Expect more war has the military is reduced. Israel may launch an attack on the Iran’s nuclear weapons facilities.
Expect China to become the world’s greatest power has they are willing to conduct, spying, buying politicians, and biological warfare.
Follow the money; dugs and the slave trade that provide the largest profits to pay the judges and politicians. The police and Ice are being defunded so expect killings, rape, robberies to increase rapidly. Encourages illegal immigrants to come into the country as they are forced by the Mexican Cartels ‘tom move the drugs into the cities.
Congress has certified the election and divided the country with an illegal election making us a typical banana republic. Unless the laws are changed to allow both parties to hander the election we are on the path to socialism.
On January 7, 2021, Police have released the names of all four rioters
Senior Airman Ashil Babbit
who died during the siege of the US Capitol. While Ashil Babbit, 35, was shot and killed during the protests over the fraudulent election a policeman and three others
died from “medical emergencies”. San Diego news organization KUSI spoke with the deceased woman’s husband, Aaron Babbit, who confirmed her identity and described her as “a great patriot to all who knew her”.
She worked as an active duty security forces airman, to protect air bases in the United States and abroad. She served on active duty from April 2004 to April 2008 and deployed to Iraq. She received several commendations, including for service in the Global War on Terrorism.
She was in the reserve from 2008 to 2010, and the guard from 2010 to 2016. Air National Guard news release listed Senior Airman on her eighth deployment and identified her as a mentor to others in the 113th Security Forces Squadron. California business records list Ashli Elizabeth McEntee (Babbott) as the owner of Fowler’s Pool Service & Supply, a San Diego County business.
The failure of the judges, and politicians, and fake news called the protests to not report the fraudulent election that in frustration made a terrible error in attacking the Capital. China’s biological war and Biden’s working with them have help cause a great split in the nation.
Although more than a hundred congressmen stood up to vote to over throw the fraudulent election thee attack on the capital was a terrible mistake that allowed the news to focus on the uprising and not the election.
Democrats can not be allowed to count and steal the votes as currently set up. Observers at 10 or more feet away cannot stop the truck loads of false ballots or the fixed voting machines. Easily
The 76 million people who know the election was rigged will not support Biden “Welcome to the start of a Civil War,” a man says in the video. He also said she didn’t have a weapon; “The Police have killed a Patriot woman.” By not investigating the sworn affidavits of thousands of people who claim the election was a fraud, we become a country without justice we are no longer a Democracy.
Simply recounting false ballots by the same people who conducted the frauds is not an investigation. I heard the testimony of dozens of honest people. The cowardly judges were even afraid to hear the witnesses’ testimonies. The more the fake news lies the greater chance for a civil war due to frustration and suspicion. I personally have stopped buying anything the ABC, NBC, or CBS News advertises because of their lies and omissions.
The capital was unprepared so who actually broke into the Capital with the rioters. It can be heard on video that people said Antifa broke the windows like they burned the cities, but the identity of all the rioters has not been determined.
A New York truck driver testified how his huge trailer truck was packed with millions of illegal Biden ballots and delivered to Pennsylvania.
Strange Craft
There is a video of Atlanta, Georgia Democrats pulling large suitcase full of illegal ballots from under the tables after Republicans were told to leave. We grieve for the loss of life without a serious investigation of the counting and voting machines and rigging.
Polls or voters claim 67 percent feel the ballots system election was not fair and rigged. We need to restore integrity to the elections.
Warning: The 128 page Democratic Party’s Manifesto is very similar with many pages copied from the1936 Soviet Constitution that allowed Joseph Stalin to rule Communist Russia with an Iron Hand.
The True Story of Major George Filer an Air Force Intelligence Officer and flyer’s Life with UFOs.
Filer belongs to the generation of pilots and airmen who first became aware of the strange aircraft showing up in the Earth’s These men – military professionals began to whisper amongst themselves about encounters with suspected extraterrestrial aircraft.
Award-winning investigative reporter John Guerra spent four years interviewing Filer, a decorated intelligence
Filer’s most memorable case – the shooting of an alien at Fort Dix Army Base/ McGuire AFB in 1978 – is fully UFO information, for the first time, after decades of denying what its intelligence officers, pilots, and air traffic control personnel know to be true, the military finally admitted to what Filer describes in this incredible book. By John L. Guerra (Author) click on this link: https://amzn.to/2SmCKMy
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Filer’s Files 2 2021 UFOs Come in All Sizes - PART II
Santiago, Chile flight on November 11, 2020
Filer’s Files 2 2021 UFOs Come in All Sizes - PART II
Major George A. Filer III ret. USAF
New Jersey State Director
MUFON Eastern Region Director
In special reports, this week’s files cover: UFOs Come in All Sizes, Astronaut Story Musgrave Saw Disc in Space, We’re all aliens, Mars and Moon Tubes, President Kennedy Killed Because He Demanded UFO Data, New Satellite Can See through Clouds, Civil War, Strange Craft and Carbon 60.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over California, Florida, Illinois, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Texas, and West Virginia.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Australia, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, France, Germany, South Africa, Sweden, and England in the United Kingdom.
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
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UFO Sightings in the United States
Sightings are from MUFON CMS
Arizona Lights
Queen Creek– On December 21, 2020, It was a clear night; no clouds in the sky. I was out taking pictures of the Christmas star and when I moved my cell phone camera directly over my neighbor’s house I could see two objects with blue lights underneath them moving slowly to the west. I switched my camera to video but could not see them or perhaps did not have my phone aimed in the correct location. I then put my phone from video to photo and snapped a picture. I was pretty stunned by what I saw. They just seemed to disappear after that. These were directly south and the Christmas Star was much further Southwest. I also got a picture of the moon, North Star and what looks like a blue orb.
California Object
Visalia – On December 25, 2020, while taking pictures of the sun beginning to set on Christmas I happened to capture these pictures. It first appeared to the right of me didn’t even notice it until I looked at the pictures today
Florida Object
St. Augustine– On December 31, 2020.
Filmed this on my phone and my wife recorded on different devices
Illinois Orb
Lynwood –On December 25, 2020, driving, wanted to take pictures of the clouds, stopped the car, and rolled down the window stuck head out to take pictures. Later looked at the pictures after left area
Nevada Orb
Stateline– On December 26, 2020, I am not claiming to have seen anything, there is just an odd spot in a photo that I took. I didn’t see it when I took the picture. I thought it might have been something on the lens, maybe a minute droplet of water? However, when I blow up the spot it does appear that it might be reflective, possibly metallic. The photograph was taken over Lake Tahoe from a balcony at the Hard Rock Hotel.
New Jersey Object
Monmouth County— UFO sighting as orbs appearing then disappearing. The video attached is NOT our first experience of this. This is NOT a plane; these orbs appear and disappear as they are moving. Planes fly around because we live by McGuire Air Force Base so we can tell what a plane is and what is not. This is no plane or helicopter.
New York Light
Rome– On December 29, 2020It was over Griffith AFB
Oregon UFO Drone
Alien Set Up Portal
Beaverton – On December 25, 2020, I saw a UFO drone and aliens set up a portal. I took pictures from outside the portal which is by my bedroom window. The aliens followed me downtown and last night (Dec 27) they landed on the roof above my room.
Note:The witness took several photos. Only one of the photos is shown in this report. One of the photos of the “alleged” portal is shown. The witness took photos of hooded figures looking into his room and of an alien beaming down. The photo of the alleged portal is shown above. The other photos are out of focus making it difficult to discern any detail.
This is an unusual report and one that is hard to believe. I leave it up to the readers to make up their own minds. The information sent by the witness is presented in this report. Thanks to Will Pucket/www.ufosnw.com/newsite/
Texas TicTac
Callas– June 11, 2006, spent a lot of time outside this summer (2020) and one day was looking up in the sky and caught something rapidly circling above at an extreme altitude. At first I thought it was a circling bird, but then realized the “wings” never flapped, the altitude was too high, and it was moving at speeds I’ve never seen for a plane that high up… so I quickly started recording. IMO, this altitude was 20-30k feet (I’m not that good a judging that) and no commercial plane could turn that fast while noticeably speeding up and slowing down. At this point my assumption is government drone, maybe classified tech but it had no noticeable body to it. It was a cylinder or “tic-tac” shape and bright white with little to no hum. In the first video you’ll see the cylinder circling like a bird while kind of changing speeds randomly.
Now I’m not sure if it saw I but I stood in my drive way to get a better video because of the tree in the first one, and it immediately stopped circling. It slowed down significantly, almost to a full stop, while turning straight south. Then it sped up so unrealistically fast that you can see me unfortunately lose it in the second one. It also got smaller so likely began going upwards. Between the hum, direction is faces while traveling, and as well a recent video I saw of a UFO like this, I’m stuck between UFO and government drone, anyone want to help? (President was coming to town that day or the next) (I also live near a busy airport and see aircraft in the air all the time… this didn’t belong)
West Virginia Object
Webster Springs– On November 26, 2020, I was sitting in my car waiting on my husband to come out from a friend’s house and I caught a glimpse of a bright light coming off of a side of the mountain a little distance away. I then saw a saucer shaped craft rise from the light and Smokey cloud. It went quite a distance into the air and hovered all the while spinning. I began taking pictures and a video. The object moved slightly side to side, but mainly hovered and spun for over 15 minutes at which time it disappeared so quickly that I couldn’t even tell which way it went.
Worldwide UFO Sightings
Australia Orbs
Wooroloo– On December 29, 2020
Star like orbs moving in a NE direction then going back the way they came, one orb dropped like a shooting star then went back up and disappeared
Brazil Light
Curitiba– On December 31, 2020, soon after the NYE fireworks started, I noticed from the window of my 6th floor apartment a light well above the clouds and any other light, coming from north to south then apparently stopped for a few seconds and started to ascend into deep space. It took a minute and a half till I could not see it anymore. I as well awake, so I’m sure that what I saw is indeed an UFO.
Chile Cylinder
Santiago – On November 11, 2020, my name is Rodrigo from Chile, on the sky flight H272 from Puerto Montt to Santiago (departure 18:36, arrival 20:14 hours). Arriving in Santiago at 8:00 p.m., I was looking at the Andes mountain range the only “cloud” (dark and fat, in the shape of a worm) catches my attention, “rain cloud” style, above the peak of the Montana, from my window at an angle of about 65 degrees. As the plane was parallel to the “cloud”, I noticed that it began to be “clearer” (I thought it was “something” normal of the winds and altitude) and it was there that at the right point of the cloud, it made a ” small flash of white light “that caught my attention and amazement (in a matter of second), I couldn’t believe what I was seeing, I was stunned, when I turned around and saw inside the cabin if someone was looking at the same thing as me, the person closest to me, I was in an intermediate seat to mine (Mrs. Older) sleeping with masks (I also had the mask on), when trying to take my cell phone that was locked and is unlocked with facial recognition, I lost valuable seconds when using alphanumeric unlock. After enabling the cell phone, I focus on the “cloud” As can be seen in the photo “it was no longer a rain cloud”, but it took the form of something solid and clearer. After the first photo, go to video in slow motion format (effect that was used when making videos to my daughter), where “you can see that it is no longer a cloud” but a “solid disk” (it passed all its metamorphosis) It was impressive to see the “UFO” (calmly in my house and thanks to Google map, look for the reference hill, when measuring, it showed me that the UFO was approximately 6 kilometers long). Video 1 and Video 2 (filter use in video) When the plane moves away from the UFO, at first glance it gives a visual effect of fading on the horizon, it may be an optical effect, but when occupying filters in the video the UFO was still but getting smaller …), at that moment the plane makes a U-turn preparing the landing, at that moment I thought I had already lost sight of the UFO, and to my surprise I see it again at another point of the Andes mountain range, on the horizon, where I take my cell phone, I unlock it for the last photo and video of the UFO …
Costa Rica Object
Ciudad Colon – On December 27, 2020, while standing in the backyard, a reflection caught my attention. Object was around 60deg. high. At the same time a Cessna C208B flew above my head at around 1000 feet above terrain heading south. Almost at the same time the object began moving erratically, like being moved or pushed by the wind. I had my camera fitted with a Tamron 60-300 manual lens. I took several pictures of the object trying to manual-focus the best I could. Object disappeared behind roofs heading SW.
Germany Orb
Wiesbaden– On December 28, 2020, we finally had sun appear after days of gray skies. Went out to backyard to take a picture. So beautiful shared with friends. While reviewing with friends saw a detail I hadn’t noticed… a green roundish orb. Maybe some photo effect, don’t know (used iphone 8). But it was interesting so thought I would share for insight
South Africa Object
Pinetown, Kwazulu, Natal, – Mid August, 2020, I was heading north along N7 highway; halfway between Citrusdal and Clanwilliam town more or less at 10:30 AM. As I was rounding a bend I saw what I thought was a sun reflection on my car windscreen, then as I followed the road curving to my left, the “reflection” wasn’t in front, now on my right, a bit puzzled why the same reflection would now be on my left. It was overcast with rain clouds moving in and the sun not or scarcely visible, so I wound my window down and it was still there. I stopped to get my camera. The object had moved, but slow. I did have to speed a bit to catch up. It didn’t seem to be in a hurry. I got to go ahead and pulled over to take this photo. I first checked for cloud moving and the light was getting ahead again so I took the shot. The photo has those curved ray like features that I didn’t see with my naked eye. I decided I’ll get ahead of whatever it was once more for some more shots. While going through a dip between the hills trying to navigate and keep an eye on it I lost sight of it. At the top of the hill I pulled over looking for the light – alas – nothing more. I waited about half an hour then carried on with my trip.
Note: This is a strange case. The streak (or object) could be some sort of meteorological phenomenon, but I can’t identify it. Yes, it could also be a “real” UFO.
Sweden – Lights
Visby– On December 30, 2020, I was at the Ferry station in Visby on the island of Gotland where we live dropping off my daughter around 6:30 am. I took some pictures of the moon in the parking lot while I was waiting for my other younger daughter and her friend to come out of the terminal after she helped my older daughter with her bags. When we looked at the pictures of the moon there were some lights in them. We never saw any lights in the parking lot. So we didn’t notice anything until we looked at the pictures. It could be a helicopter but the lights look different than those normally look. I was curious if anybody else reported seeing the lights or there was some logical explanation.
UK/England Object
Gosport – On December 30, 2020, While driving South down Whitworth Road at approx 1300 I happened to glance up and notice a very oddly shaped craft seem to drift across the road at an altitude of somewhere between 200-300 feet. It was moving like a balloon but was quite unlike any I have ever seen. Being a dark grey in color and shaped like a blocky, asymmetrical boomerang, it appeared to slowly turn as it drifted across the sky. Being somewhat taken aback I pulled over and exited my car. It was silent and soon vanished over the rooftops heading in a roughly SE direction. I jumped back in my car and attempted to follow it at the next junction but by the time I pulled over again, it had disappeared. I attempted to follow it’s heading on foot but alas, it had gone.
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Filer’s Files salutes our fighting men and women; God Bless Our Troops, and Georgie, Elizabeth, and Victoria Filer, and Eddie Pedrick. May the Angels be your guide and take you to paradise.
Put another way, a young person in the U.S. is nearly 11 times as likely to die in a swimming pool than in a school shooting. Few public officials would say pools are doing a poor job protecting swimmers, but the statistics suggest that we need “more lifeguards at pools, as opposed to guards at schools,” Fox said
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
CAUTION MOST OF THESE ARE INITIAL REPORTS AND REQUIRE FURTHER INVESTIGATION. If you wish to stop receiving these files, please send a message to Majorstar@verizon.net.
Filer’s Files salutes our fighting men and women Georgie Filer and Eddie Pedrick my grandsons who both drowned. We pray that God will bless those who read these files spiritually.
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Glowing Object Over Hollywood, Florida Jan 12, 2021 UFO Sighting News. MUFON.
Glowing Object Over Hollywood, Florida Jan 12, 2021, UFO Sighting News. MUFON.
Date of sighting: January 12, 2021 Location of sighting: Hollywood, Florida, USA Source: MUFON
This UFO was caught over Florida this week. The UFO was dimly lit at first but then suddenly lights up with red and white colors. The eyewitnesses gasp in surprise at what they were seeing. The object holds position and then suddenly disappears, then it reappears over the building in a new location, only to again fade and is gone for good. This is a very colorful UFO, and its size is about the size of car, so it can't be a drone. Drones buzz around, make a loud noise and tilt from side to side when they move. Never saw or heard any of that here in the video. Absolute proof that aliens are in Florida.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
Eyewitness states:
On January 12, at 11:44 pm I saw a rectangular ufo with three rows of lights underneath (yellow, red, white). The ufo was stationary and silent. At 11:45pm the ufo faded and appeared over the right side side of the building. The video shows the ufo appearing over the builiding, and around 1:26 minutes in you can see the second ufo appear right over the building with the same light and color scheme and then slowly fade. The video then shows the first ufo fading immediately.
TV News channel captures UFO flying over Hogback Mountain
TV News channel captures UFO flying over Hogback Mountain
Witness was watching the local (Greenville/Spartenburg South Carolina) 7 news around 12:10pm on 5/16/2020, the shot changed to the camera setup to lookout over Hogback Mountain in Spartanburg county.
It was during the live shot, when a red, glowing, disc shot across the screen.
He immediately sent a copy of the footage to the news channel and they got back to him saying they hadn't noticed it, but thought it was exciting. Mufon.
VIDEO: UFO with red & white lights over Hollywood 12-Jan-2021
VIDEO: UFO with red & white lights over Hollywood 12-Jan-2021
One new footage of this strange unidentified flying object hovering above Hollywood in Florida.
Witness report:
On January 12, at 11:44 pm I saw a rectangular ufo with three rows of lights underneath (yellow, red, white). The ufo was stationary and silent. At 11:45pm the ufo faded and appeared over the right side side of the building. The video shows the ufo appearing over the builiding, and around 1:26 minutes in you can see the second ufo appear right over the building with the same light and color scheme and then slowly fade. The video then shows the first ufo fading immediately.
Flying Triangles In 1965: These Bizarre Objects Are Not Ours
Flying Triangles In 1965: These Bizarre Objects Are Not Ours
By Nick Redfern
As many students of Ufology will be aware, the last couple of decades or so have seen a rise in reports of one particular type of UFO. It has become known as the Flying Triangle.
The FTs are triangular in shape and very often black in color, hence the name, of course! They often emit a low humming noise, and have a trio of lights on their underside. They usually have rounded corners too, rather than sharply angled edges.
And, in some ways, they are not unlike the Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit (otherwise known as the Stealth Bomber) in design. This has, quite naturally, given rise to the possibility that the FTs are next-generation Stealth planes, rather than true UFOs. It’s not an unreasonable assumption. But there’s a problem with that scenario: the FTs are actually not new, or even recent, at all.
While digging through a whole host of formerly classified files on UFOs at the National Archives at Kew, England in 1996, I came across a one-page report dated 28 March 1965 that, I confess, I almost overlooked. On closer inspection, however, I realized that it was potentially one of the most important UFO-related documents that I had ever come across.
According to the MoD paperwork, on the night in question a witness saw at approximately 9.30 p.m. over moor-land near Richmond, North Yorkshire, England: “Nine or ten objects – in close triangular formation each about 100ft long – orange illumination below – each triangular in shape with rounded corners, making low humming noise.”
Interestingly, as noted in the first paragraph of this article, the “rounded corners” and “low humming noise” are precisely what many witnesses to Flying Triangle-style UFO encounters are reporting today – in a world-wide capacity, no less.
Recognizing the significance of this, I made a photocopy of the document and set about locating the witness, who is named in the files, I should stress. This did not prove to be a difficult task.
I introduced myself and explained that I had located at the National Archives a copy of the original report that dealt with his sighting all those years ago. It is fair to say that the man was shocked, to say the least, to find that details of his long-gone encounter had been kept on file by the MoD for more than thirty years.
“Yes, I did send in a report all those years ago, but I didn’t think they would have kept it all this time,” he told me, with astonishment in his voice. As he explained, on 28 March 1965 at approximately 9.30 p.m., he had been driving through the North Yorkshire moors. On approaching the village of Skeeby, near Richmond, however, the engine of his car began to splutter and die.
“It was a 1951 Ford,” he states, adding with some humor, “and it was a good car but a bit unpredictable at times. I didn’t want to break down on the moor because it was icy cold and the nights were still dark. I got out of the car to have a look at the engine and that’s when I saw this light.”
He continued: “At first, because it was so dark, I wondered if it might be a weather balloon. But then I had a good look at it over the hedge and realized how big it was and how low down it was. It was about one hundred feet from end-to-end, about one hundred feet above the moors and shaped like a huge triangle and white, milky-white in colour.
“It kept coming towards me and then stopped about two hundred yards from me over the moors. It hovered for a while – nothing came out of it, but there was a light below it that just pulsated like a light bulb. There could have been quite a few lights on it but from a distance the light just looked like a glow. Then without a warning, it just took off at a speed that isn’t recognised. Good gracious, I thought, it must be a UFO!
“As it shot up, not vertically but at an angle, it joined a group of others that were identical and that were in a triangular or V-formation. The others were very, very high; a whole fleet of them. They all then headed south, I think, at a tremendous speed and disappeared over the horizon.
“I saw the main one for no more than a couple of minutes,” he recalls, “but after they had gone I was still stood by the moor watching this fleet disappear. I waited in case something else exciting happened, but of course it didn’t.”
Curiously, shortly after the encounter, and after having reported the incident to the Ministry of Defence at Whitehall, the witness began to notice “awful red marks on my skin which were like a stretch mark, but they were like a deep salmon red and they kept coming and going. But I didn’t have them before.”
The most bizarre angle of the entire episode was still to come, however, as the man now graphically illustrates:
“For about eighteen months after the sighting, I would get strange telephone calls from people. These would be every two or three months. They just phoned out of the blue but didn’t introduce themselves. They just said they were from some bureau or other. They didn’t mention the name of the bureau but kept mentioning ‘sightings’ and asked whether I had seen anything else strange. Had any men come to interview me?”
The witness was never visited by anyone with regard to his Flying Triangle encounter, nor did the MoD ever offer an explanation as to what it was that he saw on that fateful night in March 1965.
He was, however, unnerved by those mysterious telephone calls – primarily because aside from informing the MoD of what had occurred, he made no other report (either official or unofficial) with anyone and kept the details to himself: “The only report I ever made was the one I sent to the MoD. It was so exciting that I had to tell someone.”
This important testimony raises a number of vital questions. Why was someone so determined to find out if the witness had received any strange visits with regard to his encounter? Why the interest in knowing if he had had any other unusual encounters of a UFO nature? And most important of all: who was his mysterious caller?
Finally, if as some researchers contend, the Flying Triangles are a relatively modern-day creation of the military, how is that an entire squadron of them – right down to the triangular shape, the underside-illumination, and the low humming sound – could have been seen flying over England 56 years ago?
By Nick Redfern (Nick Redfern is one of the world’s leading authorities on UFOs and the author of many important books, including Covert Agenda, Cosmic Crashes, Strange Secrets etc.)
Ex Astronaut Story Musgrave made some very interesting comments at a UFO conference a few years ago, saying that he believes there is other life out there are that they are "doing star travel."
Reflect On:
How much does the human race have to discover about the nature of our reality? Surely there are many things and truths that yet remain to be uncovered.
Follow me on Instagram here.Make sure you follow Collective Evolution on Telegram as we have no idea how much longer we will be on Facebook. CE Founder Joe Martino and myself discussed this topic in depth in a recent podcast episode. You can access the full podcast episode here.
NASA is no doubt responsible for concealing evidence of unidentified flying objects and strange anomalies that have been observed in space. This is true according to multiple insiders, like long time Ames Research scientist Dr. Norman Bergrun, who played a key role in the Voyager missions, the probes that were sent out and tasked with photographing Saturn, its rings and its moons. Here is a photo from that mission he was able to obtain from the agency of a large unidentified flying object hovering just outside Saturn’s rings, it’s huge, approximately the size of Earth, and is published in his book, Ringmakers of Saturn.
A few years ago (in an interview) he claimed that NASA regularly hides as well as “garbles” many photographs that, if made public, would have huge implications on the reality of what’s happening in space. He is just one example with an incredible verified background who has made claims such as this.
When it comes to astronauts, there is no shortage of them who has spoken up about the extraterrestrial/UFO phenomenon. There are many, and despite the two or three astronauts that seem to receive a lot of media attention who, on multiple occasions, denied the reality of UFOs, the majority of them have been creating awareness about the UFO/extraterrestrial phenomenon, for many years.
Gordon Cooper, aerospace engineer, and one of the seven original astronauts in Project Mercury is a great example. He has been quite outspoken about UFOs, extraterrestrials and the fact that the agency is and has played a part in the cover-up. Ex Princeton physics professor and NASA astronaut Dr. Brian O’Leary is another great example. He told the world for years that “there is abundant evidence that we are being contacted, that civilizations have been visiting us, for a very long time.” The sixth man to walk on the Moon, Dr. Edgar Mitchell is no exception as well. Prior to his recent passing, Mitchel spent years creating awareness about the fact that UFOs are very real, and that some of them are not from our own planet, but from other solar systems, and perhaps other dimensions. He also said he “happens to be privileged enough to be in on the fact that we are not alone on this planet ” and that we have “been visited many times.”
Again, the list is long, and it goes well beyond the testimony of astronauts and NASA personnel who have ‘gone against’ the agency. This field includes many of the world’s top scientists and academics, high ranking military personnel and more. There are thousands of statements, and there are millions of pages of declassified documents that go with it. That being said, anybody who claims to know exactly what’s going on is most definitely not telling the truth, as the complexity of this phenomenon is immense.
As much truth as there is in this field, there is also a massive amount of disinformation, it’s well known that multiple campaigns of disinformation have plagued the field, with these campaigns usually originating within intelligence agencies and deep levels of the government for the purposes of influencing various UFO groups and researchers.
Story Musgrave
When I saw Story Musgrave attend a UFO conference, I wasn’t too shocked. That being said, he’s not very outspoken about the phenomenon in general. But, you have to ask your self, why is Story Musgrave showing up at a UFO conference? Musgrave is known as the most educated astronaut, he’s a Doctor (MD), and also has six academic degrees. He’s also the only astronaut to fly above all five Space Shuttles.
He gives an interesting lecture below as he speaks about the UFO phenomenon. But unlike astronauts like Mitchell, for example, he is always careful to say that he doesn’t have much evidence for what he is saying. But he does speculate, with a sharp look when he makes the statement below. He bases his hypothesis on his “observations” and “what he’s been exposed to.”
So if you look at technological development, maybe we’ve been at it, whatever you want to call it, one hundred/two hundred years, industrial revolution. But you look at some planet, and some creatures that got it together, they were able to build technology over millions of years, they’re doing star travel, that’s how good they are, so…I have no proof….I have the certainty in my own being that there’s millions of people doing star travel, that’s just the way it is…Interstellar travel, for me, is going on. It’s absolutely…there’s millions of them doing it, so, that’s what’s going on.
Turn your attention to the 13:00 and 14:00 mark.
The Takeaway
There is obviously something going on with the UFO and ET phenomenon, it is no question. What is happening and why it’s being hidden from people is a whole other subject. If you wish to explore this further, check out our articles on this phenomenon by sifting through the Disclosure section of our website.
These days, it’s not just knowing information and facts that will create change, it’s changing ourselves, how we go about communicating, and re-assessing the underlying stories, ideas and beliefs that form our world. We have to practice these things if we truly want to change. At Collective Evolution and CETV, this is a big part of our mission.
Amongst 100's of hours of exclusive content, we have recently completed two short courses to help you become an effective changemaker, one called Profound Realization and the other called How To Do An Effective Media Detox.
Project Blue Book is one of the most well-known investigative efforts into UFOs and extraterrestrial life, with the study being conducted by the United States Air Force in the '50s and '60s before shutting down in 1970. While some of the research conducted within Project Blue Book has been released, there is still valuable information that the general public has never seen, with the upcoming discovery+series UFO Witness to debut all-new information about the phenomenon. The upcoming discovery+ series will explore all manner of intergalactic phenomenon, from UFO sightings to possible contact with humans. The first three episodes of UFO Witness debut on discovery+ on January 14th.
Per press release, "We are definitely not alone! For more than 70 years, the U.S. government has been documenting sightings and cases of unidentified flying objects. In cooperation with former Project Blue Book investigator Jennie Zeidman, former federal agent and paranormal investigator Ben Hansen reopens case files of some of the most astounding UFO encounters in history, files that have been hidden from the public for decades. In the new series, UFO Witness, launching Thursday, January 14th exclusively on discovery+, these findings are finally seeing the light of day.
"Zeidman was the last surviving member of the Air Force’s top-secret UFO investigation called Project Blue Book, which looked into sightings from 1952 through 1970. She has broken her silence, speaking publicly for the first time about her decades of research – motivated to share her expertise because she believes we’ve been visited by UFOs before – and fears Earth is under extraterrestrial surveillance. Sadly, Zeidman passed away in April 2020, but she has given discovery+ exclusive access to the files from the chief scientific consultant of Project Blue Book, Dr. Allen J. Hynek, to help continue his investigations.
"With unprecedented access to more than 10,000 of Dr. Hynek’s case files, Hansen believes the answers to UFOs in America are hidden in the cases of the past. Also aiding Hansen on his quest is Mark O’Connell – an accomplished UFO investigator, Dr. Hynek biographer and member of J. Allen Hynek's Center for UFO Studies. Together, they will uncover the secrets of the past to shed new light on today’s freshest UFO encounters."
Episode descriptions of the new series are as follows:
Episode One: “Secrets of the State” – Begins Streaming Thursday, January 14th
In 2017, the Pentagon leaked three videos showing wild military encounters with UFOs. All three had an object resembling a “tic tac.” But this is not the first reported UFO encounter regarding an object of this shape. In 1973, a National Guard helicopter nearly collided with an object as well, but the government worked to hide or destroy all evidence of the encounter. And with “tic tac” shaped cases still being reported today, Ben Hansen must dig deep into the records to figure out what these objects are and whether or not we’re dealing with technology from out of this world.
Over the past year, numerous UFO sightings have taken place in Kecksburg, Pennsylvania, home to an infamous UFO crash and supposed military cover-up. Ben Hansen heads to the tiny town to find out if the current sightings are linked to the 1965 incident.
Episode Three: “Alien High Tech” – Begins Streaming Thursday, January 14th
A startling, new report claims a prominent astrophysicist worked on an aircraft reverse-engineered from the parts of downed UFOs. Ben Hansen aims to find out how the U.S. government got its hands on alien technology and where it might be hiding it.
Episode Four: “Close Encounters” – Begins Streaming Thursday, January 21st
Ben Hansen heads down to Florida to investigate a woman's claim that an extraterrestrial approached her in her backyard. He wonders if this highly credible sighting is connected to a similar 1955 incident known as the Kelly-Hopkinsville Encounter.
Episode FIve: “The Mothership Returns” – Begins Streaming Thursday, January 28th
In 1997, over 20,000 people witnessed bright lights hovering over Phoenix, Arizona. Despite the numerous claims, the U.S. government refused to acknowledge the event. Ben Hansen launches an investigation to find out how these mass UFO sightings are covered up.
Episode Six: “Claws in the Night” – Begins Streaming Thursday, February 4th
While thousands of people witness UFOs every year, only a handful claim to have been abducted. Piles of evidence corroborate their stories, yet they are not taken seriously. Ben Hansen sets out to discover exactly why these claims are swept under the rug.
Episode Seven: “Aliens Underground” – Begins Streaming Thursday, February 4th
The small town of Dulce, New Mexico, may harbor one of America's darkest secrets – an underground alien base. Ben Hansen travels to New Mexico to figure out if the rumors are true and uncovers multiple reports of UFO sightings, alien abductions, and more.
Episode Eight: “The Hybrid Secret” – Begins Streaming Thursday, February 11th
Evidence of a possible extraterrestrial breeding program sends Ben Hansen to the Bay Area, San Francisco, California, in search of answers about alien-human hybrids. He suspects there may be a link to the Betty and Barney Hill case, one of the world's most famous abduction stories.
Check out the first three episodes of UFO Witness exclusively on discovery+ starting on January 14th.
Are you looking forward to the new series? Let us know in the comments below or contact Patrick Cavanaugh directly on Twitter to talk all things horror and Star Wars!
Disclosure: ComicBook is owned by CBS Interactive, a division of ViacomCBS.
NASA’s Kepler Telescope has stumbled upon one of the most fascinating discoveries so far – a colossal artificial megastructure believed to have been constructed by an advanced alien civilization.
Besides Kepler’s ability of finding small, rocky worlds orbiting distant stars, it can also detect different space phenomenon like stellar flares, star spots and dusty planetary rings.
This time however, Kepler detected the signal of a supposed vast artificial structure orbiting a star only 1,500 light years away from Earth.
After finishing all plausible explanations, scientists now believe that this complex structure might be an artificial construction made by an advanced alien civilization way up on the Kardashev scale of comparison.
This megastructure works like a supersized solar array orbiting around its host star, stocking the energy and sending it back to the source. The size of the structure is so grand that it’s blocking a considerable fraction of starlight as it spins around its host.
Normally all the exoplanets discovered by Kepler have a typical planet-shape, meaning they are round. This time however, the telescope detected something that isn’t round and behaves unnatural.
A paper has been submitted to the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society in which a particular star named KIC 8462852 is described.
Over the duration of the Kepler mission, KIC 8462852 was observed to undergo irregulary shaped, aperiodic dips in flux down to below the twenty percent level.
We’d never seen anything like this star, it was really weird. We thought it might be bad data or movement on the spacecraft, but everything checked out. – Tabetha Boyajian, researcher at Yale University
Studies mostly focused on two interesting anomalies at KIC 8462852, one that was recorded between days 788 and 795 of the Kepler mission and between days 1510 to 1570.
The first event showed a single transit causing a star brightness drop-off of 15 percent, while the second event manifested as a burst of several transits, possibly indicating towards mass of different objects, resulting in a brightness dip of up to 22 percent. For such a major dip in brightness to occure, the transiting objects have to be extremely big.
Considering that our galaxy has existed for more than 13 billion years, it’s not hard to imagine that an alien civilization may be out there, possessing technology that allows them to build megastructures around stars.
Aliens should always be the very last hypothesis you consider, but this looked like something you would expect an alien civilization to build. – Jason Wright, astronomer from Penn State University
After analyzing all possible situations, scientists concluded that this strange anomaly might be the result of a group of dormant comets recently disturbed by a nearby star. Because this theory is not all that convincing, other researchers are already hypothesizing the possibility of a mega-engineered project created by a Type 2 alien civilization on the Kardashev scale.
This type of aliens would have the ability to use all the available energy radiating from a star. With the help of a vast shell or series of rings surrounding a star, a Dyson sphere-like structure could be constructed. This would block out the star from sight in visible wavelengths, but once the solar energy has been utilized by the alien civilization, the energy would be shifted to longer wavelengths and probably lost as infrared radiation.
Puzzled by these strange recordings, scientists are now trying to point a radio antenna at KIC 8462852 in order to solve the riddle. By doing so, they will be able to detect any artificial radio signals coming from the star and will determine whether or not an intelligent, Type 2 civilization exists in our vicinity, only 1,500 light-years away.
Meanwhile, a second paper is being drafted by top researchers in order to analyze the transit scenario focusing around the possibility of a colossal artificial device engineered by advanced aliens.
NASA administrator Jim Bridenstine says he wants his 11-year-old daughter to see herself in the astronauts that will be returning to the moon in 2024.
ThoughNASAmay have trouble returning to the moon by 2024, the U.S. space agency is doing what it can to eventually explore the lunar surface, announcing a formal partnership with Japan for the lunar Gateway.
NASA and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) formally announced the agreement that will see JAXA contribute to the Gateway, providing technical expertise, devices for life support and environmental control system, batteries, thermal control and imagery components.
"We’re honored to announce this latest agreement with Japan to support long-term human exploration on and around the Moon as part of the Artemis program," said NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine in a statement. "Strengthening our international partnerships and commitments to Artemis puts humanity on a solid path to achieve our common goals of sustainable lunar exploration by the end of this decade."
Illustration of Gateway in lunar orbit with contributions from international partners.
A memorandum of understanding was signed between NASA and Japan at the end of 2020, the Japanese Foreign Ministry has said previously.
In addition, the new agreement will allow opportunities for Japanese astronauts to access the Gateway, which NASA said "will be determined following additional discussions, and documented in a future arrangement."
"Leveraging the capabilities that international partners contribute to Gateway will be key to enabling access to the lunar surface," added Kathy Lueders, associate administrator for the Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters. "We are pleased to move forward in these groundbreaking efforts with Japan and our other partners."
The Gateway, which is approximately one-sixth the size of the International Space Station, will act as a "rendezvous point" for astronauts traveling to the lunar orbit aboard the Orion spacecraft before they make their way to low-lunar orbit and ultimately, the surface. It will be used for both robotic and human expeditions to both the moon and Mars.
"The capabilities provided by Japan are critical to enabling the interior environment of the Gateway allowing our crews to live and work for longer durations," explained Dan Hartman, Gateway program manager at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston. "With the life support systems from Japan, longer duration missions for the Artemis crews can be accomplished with reduced demands on logistics resupply."
Japan becomes the third international partner to commit to the Gateway. In October 2020, NASA and the European Space Agency signed a deal to cooperate on the Gateway. One month later, the U.S. and Canada signed a deal to collaborate on the lunar outpost as well.
The Gateway will be used as a base for NASA's Artemis lunar exploration program. In 2019, NASA unveiled its vision for the Artemis moon lander that will return U.S. astronauts to the lunar surface.
The Artemis program, the successor to the Apollo program, is notable for a number of reasons, including its goals of sending the first woman to land on the lunar surface and establishing a sustainable human presence on Earth’s natural satellite.
To date, only 12 people, all Americans, have landed on the moon. The last NASA astronaut to set foot on the moon was Apollo 17 Mission Commander Gene Cernan on Dec. 14, 1972.
If Helltown is the creepy urban myth capital of North America then the Sherman Ranch, a 480 acre plot of land south east of Ballard, Utah is indeed the bizarre urban myth capital.
There have been over one hundred incidents of the bizarre on the Sherman Ranch ranging from mutilated cattle, to UFO sightings, and even surreally large animals including Big Foot. Welcome to Skinwalker Ranch…
Terry and Gwen Sherman were just your average Utah cattle ranch family, except that they and their ranch were plagued by strange events, some terrifying, and many causing financial losses to their cattle business.
Their livestock would repeatedly be found mutilated as though dissected with machinery within an advanced laboratory, the cuts cauterized as though made with a laser. Others would simply vanish altogether. In 1998 the Sherman’s had had enough and the ranch was put up for sale.
Millionaire philanthropist Robert Bigelow, also the chairperson and Founder of the National Institute for Discovery Science or NIDS had for years been communicating with the Shermans in an effort to understand the events unfolding at the Sherman Ranch. When the property was put up for sale he quickly stepped in and purchased it.
A team of researchers, surveillance equipment, and scientific instruments were moved in making the old Sherman Ranch a seat for fringe science discovery. The ranch was unofficially renamed Skinwalker Ranch, in respect to the Native Americans that had been witnessing and studying these creatures for centuries. Creatures that came by all descriptions, but that they called “Skinwalkers”.
The National Institute for Discovery, although entirely focused on the study of fringe science is far from unscientific, many reputable PhDs and even ex-military or NASA personnel are amongst the organization’s researchers and consultants. I say that only because everything in this article from here on out is going to get very unbelievable.
There is a very specific but unassuming spot on Skinwalker Ranch where some uniquely terrifying things have happened. In this spot a researcher was threatened by a creature that he stated blended with the scenery rendering it almost invisible not unlike the alien from the Predator movies. Curiously the creature neither hid nor attacked the researcher, it just stood there roaring and threatening him.
In that exact same spot an entire team of researchers witnessed a glowing door or portal open in the empty space before them. A large humanoid creature crawled out from the portal, spotted the researchers, and quickly vanished back through the portal before it closed.
In another incident on that spot a PhD physicist was suddenly held motionless by an invisible force. In his accounts of the episode he reported that a malicious and powerful entity or entities had literally invaded his mind and communicated with him a single message, that he and others of his species were not welcome.
While this spot on Skinwalker Ranch may be the epicentre of these events, they are not at all confined to the ranch itself. Junior Hicks, a retired schoolteacher from the area, has been attempting to catalogue the strange events from the surrounding farms.
He’s catalogued over 400 incidents of UFOs, strange cigar-shaped crafts hovering at low altitude, and zigzagging balls of light. Hicks’ estimates that at least 50,000 residents of the region have witnessed one phenomenon or another, many of these witnesses are the law enforcement personnel overseeing the community.
“The UFO activity really started getting intense in the early 50s,” Hicks says. “There were cases where the whole school and all the teachers saw these things hovering over the town in broad daylight. In the 60s and 70s, we probably had more UFO sightings than any place in the world.”
Perhaps the strangest phenomenon from Skinwalker Ranch and the surrounding farms are the strange animals that are often seen wandering as though lost. Descriptions of these creatures include a “wolf like creature that walks upright”, a “large impossibly hair man or bear” that also walks upright, and a flying creature the size of a football that would be a butterfly except that its body and wings are entirely reptilian.
It’s easy to argue that there should be hundreds of photographs of these thousands of incidents, and to some degree there are, but the majority of these sightings were taking place in the 50s to 70s, back then having a camera in your phone, or having a mobile phone at all was science fiction.
Leading into the 1980s the phenomenon grew rarer to the point that in 2004 Robert Bigelow closed down the National Institute for Discovery Science stating a lack of fringe occurrences to study.
During the time of the Skinwalker Ranch studies, the NIDS had a prevailing theory which stated that all of the occurrences were the act of a single “pre-cognitive intelligence”.
The leading researcher at the time explained: “It isn’t as simple as saying that ET’s or flying saucers are doing it. It’s some kind of consciousness, but it’s always something new and different, something non- repeatable. It’s reactive to people and equipment, and we set up the ranch to be a proving ground for the scientific method, but science doesn’t seem amenable to the solution of these kinds of problems.”
This was unfortunately the leading and best theory, and as the explanation stated the phenomenon are far too unique from the previous or following phenomenon to be routinely evaluated.
The Spectr-RG spacecraft carrying the eROSITA (a Max Planck Institute instrument) telescope was launched by the Russian Roscosmos in 2019, focusing observations on the X-ray part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The mission’s objectives are to observe galaxy clusters and study the growth of large scale structure, to detect supermassive black holes, observe supernova remnants and X-ray binaries.
It’s now starting to deliver results.
eROSITA’s observations of prominent X-ray sources. Credits: eROSITA Collaboration.
We’re made of starstuff
In the last six months, the mission collected data of the whole sky within energies from 0.2 to 8 KeV (200-8000 eV). An electron-volt(eV) is an energy unit equivalent to the amount of the amount of kinetic energy gained by a single electron accelerating through an electric potential difference of one volt in vacuum. It’s not a lot: if you go to the hospital and get your arm X-rayed, the energy of the medical X-ray photons is around 200,000 eV (0.2 MeV), any lower and you wouldn’t see your bones on the X-ray. This is because the calcium in our bones absorb those photons with this amount of energy and become visible for the doctor.
Using a somewhat similar approach, eROSITA’s all-sky sky map images a variety of objects, in different energy ranges. In the 0.3 to 2.3 KeV map is possible to see prominent X-ray sources in the sky, like Large Magellanic Cloud in the southern part of the galactic map. Towards the center, one can see the Vela Supernova Remnant, the result of a supernova explosion that occurred approximately 11,000 years ago. Maybe the brightest source in the map is the Scorpius X-1(Sco X-1), which is a X-ray binary.
But perhaps most intriguingly, the map also a huge bubble, present both in the southern and northern part of the galaxy. It’s a huge bubble, which seems to be a result of an event emerging from the galactic center — something that happened 20 million years ago. The structure is so extensive it has comparable size to the galaxy. Its boundary is hotter than the outside due the great energy release from the galactic center.
eROSITA latest discovery, the eROSITA bubbles(pink). Credits: eROSITA Collaboration.
Previous observations from the Fermi telescope have shown a similar structure but in the gamma-ray band. The Fermi bubbles are smaller but with same structure of the newest discovery. The comparison between the bubbles is in the image bellow.
eROSITA bubbles(yellow), Fermi bubbles(purple) and the Milky Way’s disk(blue) size comparison. Credits: eROSITA Collaboration.
The discovery suggests that they are a result of the same event, but the cause of the connection is still unknown. They appear to be structures left by accreting supermassive black holes, like seen in the Centaurus A galaxy or supernovae remnants, though nothing is conclusive yet.
The bubble’s discovery provides more insight about galaxy formation and its structure, this means more knowledge about the past of our galaxy. The second complete scan made by eROSITA is close to an end, now with twice the number of photons from the first scan.
Most distant supermassive black hole known to science is detected by astronomers more than 13 BILLION light years from Earth
Most distant supermassive black hole known to science is detected by astronomers more than 13 BILLION light years from Earth
Researchers used the ALMA telescope array in Chile to discover the quasar
A quasar is a type of supermassive black hole that is releasing a lot of energy
This object was discovered when the universe was just 670 million years old
The discovery can help researchers better understand how these objects form
Its age and size brings into doubt theories they were formed from collapsed star clusters, with researchers suggesting they instead feast on cold hydrogen gas
The most distant supermassive black hole known to science has been detected by astronomers - and it is more than 13 billion light years from the Earth.
Experts from the University ofArizona say the quasar - which is a form of energetic supermassive black hole - formed when the universe was just 670 million years old.
Quasars occur when the powerful gravity of a supermassive black hole at a galaxy's core draws in surrounding material that forms an orbiting disk of superheated material around the black hole - releasing tremendous amounts of energy.
Equivalent to the mass of 1.6 billion Suns and more than 1,000 times brighter than our entire Milky Way Galaxy - it grew relatively quickly after the Big Bang.
The time it was discovered and its size brings current theories that supermassive black holes form from collapsed star clusters into question, with astronomers suggesting they may form from collapsed primordial cold hydrogen gas.
An international team of astronomers have discovered the most distant quasar in the Universe, fully formed around 670 million years after the Big Bang.
Artists impression
Dubbed J0313-1806, if the supermassive black hole had formed only 100 million years after the Big Bang and grew as fast as possible it would need at least 10,000 solar masses to begin with, the study found.
Co-author Prof Xiaohui Fan said: 'This tells you that no matter what you do, the seed of this black hole must have formed by a different mechanism.
'In this case, one that involves vast quantities of primordial, cold hydrogen gas directly collapsing into a seed black hole.'
This doesn't require full-fledged stars as raw material - it is the only way it could have reached this size in such a short time, making the quasar valuable to observe.
The quasar offers a rare glimpse into the life of a galaxy at the dawn of time - when many of the processes that have since slowed or ceased were still in full swing.
Current models suggest supermassive black holes at their centres could be the main reason why galaxies ultimately stop making new stars.
Acting like a cosmic blowtorch, quasars blast their surroundings fiercely - effectively sweeping their host galaxy clean of much of the cold gas that serves as the raw material from which stars form.
'We think those supermassive black holes were the reason why many of the big galaxies stopped forming stars at some point
'We observe this 'quenching' at lower redshifts, but until now, we didn't know how early this process began in the history of the universe.
'This quasar is the earliest evidence that quenching may have been happening at very early times.'
For comparison, the black hole at the centre of the Milky Way has become mostly dormant and the galaxy itself produces stars at about one solar mass per year, whereas the galaxy this black hole resides in churns out 200 solar masses per year.
Observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Chile confirmed the distance measurement to high precision
Lead author Dr Feige Wang said: 'This is a relatively high star formation rate, similar to that observed in other quasars of similar age, and it tells us the host galaxy is growing very fast.'
Prof Fan said: 'These quasars presumably are still in the process of building their supermassive black holes.
'Over time, the quasar's outflow heats and pushes all the gas out of the galaxy, and then the black hole has nothing left to eat anymore and will stop growing.
'This is evidence about how these earliest massive galaxies and their quasars grow.'
The researchers expect to find a few more quasars from the same period - including potential new record breakers.
Observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Chile confirmed the distance measurement to high precision.
But the researchers hope to uncover more about the quasar's secrets using NASA's James Webb Space Telescope - due to be launched on October 31.
The researchers are presenting their findings at a virtual meeting of the American Astronomical Society. They will also be published in Astrophysical Journal Letters.
WHAT IS A QUASAR?
'Quasar' is short for quasi-stellar radio source, and describes bright centres of galaxies.
All galaxies have a supermassive black hole at their cores.
When the inflow of gas and dust to this black hole reaches a certain level, the event can cause a 'quasar' to form - an extremely bright region as the material swirls around the black hole.
They are typically 3,260 light-years across.
These regions emit huge amounts of electro-magnetic radiation in their jets, and can be a trillion times brighter than the sun.
But they last only 10 to 100 million years on average, making them relatively tough to spot in galaxies that are several billion years old.
The rapidly-spinning disk spews jets of particles moving outward at speeds approaching that of light.
These energetic 'engines' are bright emitters of light and radio waves.--
List of Alien Species They Don't Want You To See, 33 Documented Non Human Species, Sean Esbjorn-Hargens PhD
List of Alien Species They Don't Want You To See, 33 Documented Non Human Species, Sean Esbjorn-Hargens PhD
List of Alien Species They Don’t Want You To See, 33 Documented Non Human Species, Sean Esbjorn-Hargens PhD
List of 33 Non Human Sentient Species, The Multiverse, Outerspace, Inner Earth, Folklore, Mythology, Scripture, Religion, Paranormal, Clandestine Control Groups, Shapeshifters, We talk about all of it. Dr Sean Esbjorn-Hargens is super intelligent and has compiled thousands of pages on the Subjects of “Exo” Out there Topics, that should be discussed more.
I was exploring some old photos of the moon from NASAs Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC), when I came across a structure which is triangle in shape. The structure looks to be intelligently designed and is .5 km across. When I added shadow to it, it's easier to make out other details.
I also found some other structures, ships, tall buildings. All of which are poof that aliens not only reached our moon, but leave their old structures and ships on it like a garbage dump.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:Ruins, strange artifacts on other planets, moons, ed ( Fr, EN, NL )
Three huge UFOs recorded while crossing the Orion Nebula
Three huge UFOs recorded while crossing the Orion Nebula
There seems to be a lot of UFO activity in deep space. Last week a sky-watcher captured a huge cigar-shaped craft passing the Orion Nebula and now another sky-watcher, Peter Tiagunov recorded three interstellar craft crossing the Orion Nebula.
The images shows the three UFOs emerging from the center of the Nebula flying further through space in a triangular formation.
The question is whether these UFOs are of alien origin or whether they belong to the secret space program, that includes a fleet of spaceships equipped with a technology far beyond what current aerospace technology is capable of.
Peter captured the UFOs with a Telescope: RC 10" (x.75 reducer) - Mount: EQ6R-Pro - Camera: QHY 163M Cooled (no filters).
How scientists found water on a potentially habitable exoplanet for the first time
How scientists found water on a potentially habitable exoplanet for the first time
By examining starlight as a planet passes in front of its host star, scientists can learn about its history, composition and, ultimately, habitability.
Artist’s impression of planet K2-18 b, its host star and an accompanying planet in this system. ESA/Hubble
With more than 4,000 exoplanets – planets orbiting stars other than our sun – discovered so far, it may seem like we are on the cusp of finding out whether we are alone in the universe. Sadly though, we don’t know much about these planets – in most cases just their mass and their radius.
Understanding whether a planet could host life requires a lot more information. At the moment, one extremely important piece of information that is missing is the presence, composition and structure of their atmospheres. Signs of atmospheric water, oxygen and methane would all be signs that a planet may support life.
Now we have for the first time managed to detect water vapour in the atmosphere of an exoplanet that is potentially habitable. Our results have been published in Nature Astronomy.
A planet’s atmosphere plays a vital role in shaping the conditions inside it – or on its surface if it has one. Its composition, stability and structure all provide important clues about what it is like to be there. Through atmospheric studies, we can, therefore, learn about the history of the planet, investigate its habitability and, ultimately, discover signs of life.
The primary method that we use when examining exoplanets is transit spectroscopy. This involves looking at starlight as a planet passes in front of its host star. As it transits, stellar light is filtered through the planet’s atmosphere – with light being absorbed or deflected based on what compounds the atmosphere consists of.
The atmosphere, therefore, leaves a characteristic footprint in the stellar light that we try to observe. Further analysis can then help us match this footprint to known elements and molecules, such as water or methane.
At the moment, the study of exoplanets atmospheres is limited, as this kind of measurement requires very high precision, which current instruments were not built to deliver. But molecular signatures from water have been found in the atmospheres of gaseous planets, similar to Jupiter or Neptune. It has never before been seen in smaller planets – until now.
K2-18b
K2-18b was discovered in 2015 and is one of the hundreds of super-Earths – planets with a mass between Earth and Neptune – found by NASA’s Kepler spacecraft. It is a planet with eight times the mass of the Earth that orbits a so-called red dwarf star, which is much cooler than the sun.
However, K2-18b is located in the habitable zone of its star which means it has the right temperature to support liquid water. Given its mass and radius, K2-18b is not a gaseous planet but has a high probability of having a rocky surface.
We developed algorithms to analyse the starlight filtered by this planet using transit spectroscopy, with data provided by the Hubble Space Telescope.
Hubble Space Telescope. Credit: NASA
This enabled us to make the first successful detection of an atmosphere with water vapour around a non-gaseous planet, which is also located within the habitable zone of its star.
In order for an exoplanet to be defined as habitable, there is a long list of requirements that need to be satisfied. One is that the planet needs to be in the habitable zone where water can exist in liquid form. It is also necessary that the planet has an atmosphere to protect the planet from any harmful radiation coming from its host star.
Another important element is the presence of water, vital for life as we know it. Although there are many other criteria for habitability, such as the presence of oxygen in the atmosphere, our research has made K2-18b the best candidate to date. It is the only exoplanet to fulfil all three requirements for habitability: the right temperatures, an atmosphere and the presence of water.
However, we cannot say, with current data, exactly how likely the planet is to support life. Our data are limited to an area of the spectrum – this shows how light is broken down by wavelength – where water dominates, so other molecules can unfortunately not be confirmed.
First of many?
With the next generation of telescopes, such as the James Webb Space Telescope and the ARIEL space mission, we will be able to find more information on the chemical composition, cloud coverage and structure of the atmosphere of K2-18b. This will help us understand just how habitable it is.
These missions could also make it easier to make similar detections for other rocky bodies in the habitable zones of their parent stars.
That would certainly be exciting. With K2-18b being 110 light-years away, it is not really a planet we could visit – even with tiny robotic probes – in the foreseeable future.
Excitingly, it is probably just a matter of time before we find similar planets that are closer. So we may be well on our way to answering the age-old question of whether we are alone in the universe after all.
Angelos Tsiaras is Research Associate of Physics and Astronomy at UCL.
In the 1970s, the Cold War was in full bloom. United States military installations that stored weapons of mass destruction pulled out all stops to hide their location from enemy spies and spy planes. Loring Air Force Base, located in the Northeastern part of Maine, fit this pattern, housing their nuclear weapons under camouflaged huts, covered with dirt. This fenced in area was under constant watch by the 42nd Security Police Squadron. At precisely 7:45 P.M. on October 27, 1975, Staff Sergeant Danny K. Lewis was performing his normal duties of keeping a watchful eye on the hidden weapons area. His attention was diverted by the sudden appearance of an unidentified flying craft at an altitude of about 300 feet. The craft was approaching from the North, with a bright red navigation light, and a white strobe light. To Lewis' surprise, the craft entered the official airspace of Loring.
At the same time, Staff Sergeant James P. Sampley of the 2192nd Communications Squadron was on duty in the control tower of the base. Sampley received a radar return from an unidentified craft, which he calculated from his radar screen as being 10-13 miles east-northeast of the base. As per his orders, he made calls via radio through all available communication bands, both military and civilian, hailing the craft. He got no response. As he kept an alert eye on his screen, the craft began to circle the base, and finally came to within 300 yards of the highly restricted nuclear storage area. The craft's altitude was now a mere 150 feet.
By this time, Sergeant Lewis was notifying his Command Post that the unknown craft had penetrated the perimeter of the base, and was closing in on the nuclear storage area. The base was instantaneously put on a Security 3 alert status. Security officials contacted Sampley in the Control tower to verify the sighting via radar. Making his way to the tower, Sergeant Grover K. Eggleston began studiously watching the craft on radar. It had now began circling ten miles east-northeast of the base. The base's Wing Commander ordered a search of the grounds, and requested air support from Hancock Field, New York, and North Bay, Ontario. Neither of the bases would oblige his request at the time. The Maine State Police and airport flight services were contacted in an attempt to identify the unknown object. Again, no identification was forthcoming. The ground search also came up empty handed.
For an additional 40 minutes, the unknown craft circled in the vicinity of the base. Finally it left it's pattern, and headed toward Grand Falls, New Brunswick. Now about 12 miles from Loring, it disappeared from the radar screen. The base was quiet for the rest of the night, but the Stage 3 alert was kept until the next morning. SAC Headquarters was notified of the details of the unknown craft. Unbelievably, the next night at exactly the same time, the craft returned. Lewis was again on duty, along with Sergeants Blakeslee and Long.
The craft was approaching Loring from the North, this time at about 3,000 feet. The craft got as near as 3 miles from the base, again showing flashing lights of orange, red, and white. All three of the men on duty witnessed the craft. Lewis reported his sighting to Command, and this time the Wing Commander came to the storage area to verify the sighting. He confirmed the findings of the three duty officers. Radar again confirmed the unknown craft.
Depiction of the UFO on the radar
The appearance of an other worldly craft would also be confirmed by Sergeant Steven Eickner, and others. A group of military witnesses reported an orange and red object shaped like a stretched out football, which amazingly hovered in midair! It's lights suddenly were darkened, and then the craft reappeared over the runaway, hovering about 150 feet off the ground. They also estimated the length of the craft at about 75-80 feet, solid, with no visible doors or windows, no visible means of propulsion, and totally silent. Again the base was put on full alert, and a security detail searched the base, finding nothing. Finally, the craft turned off it's lights, and vanished from view. Radar picked up the unknown craft heading in the direction of Grand Falls, New Brunswick. A second report was sent to SAC headquarters.
The unsettling events of October 27 and 28 would finally get the attention of military personnel who were in a position to give support to Loring. October 29 would bring a National Guard helicopter for support, just in case. Canadian authorities were given permission to cross the border if needed. Royal Canadian Mounted Police provided an officer to ride along in the helicopter. Those who waited for another visit would not be disappointed. The helicopter was called into action, and immediately responded. Accompanying the RCMP officer were Loring Air Security officers, and an officer from the Maine State Police. The chopper followed the leads sent from radar, but even when approaching within 100 yards, they could see nothing in the skies. The next night brought an Air Force helicopter, and a crew from Plattsburgh AFB. October 30 brought more sightings from the ground, and radar confirmation. There would be more ground sightings of strange lights for the remainder of 1975 in the same area, but investigations by the USA and Canada released no findings for public knowledge. The sightings at Loring Air Force Base were only a part of a full-fledged flap in the northern region of the United States, and southern area of Canada. This sighting flap holds a credible place in UFO history.
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On Dec. 5, the probe delivered a capsule containing pristine samples of the carbon-rich asteroid Ryugu to Earth. Now, just a month later, the probe is officially on the move toward another asteroid, in the early stages of an ambitious and protracted extended mission.
"[Ion engine operation begins!] Today on January 5, 2021, at around 12:00 JST, Hayabusa2 started powered navigation with three of the ion engines," mission team members wrote via Twitter. (Japan Standard Time is 10 hours ahead of U.S. Eastern Standard Time, so the milestone occurred around 2 a.m. EST, or 0600 GMT).
Hayabusa2's first extended-mission destination is the roughly 2,300-foot-wide (700 meters) asteroid (98943) 2001 CC21, which the probe will fly by at high speed in 2026, if all goes according to plan. A more in-depth rendezvous with yet another space rock, 1998 KY26, is scheduled to follow in 2031. (Hayabusa2 won't collect any samples from 2001 CC21 or 1998 KY26.)
1998 KY26 is thought to be just 100 feet (30 m) or so wide — much smaller than both 2001 CC21 and Ryugu, which has a diameter of about 3,000 feet (900 m). The mechanical properties and other characteristics of such small asteroids aren't well understood, nor is the role that their collisions with Earth have played in our planet's history. So studying 1998 KY26 up close will yield valuable insights, Hayabusa2 team members said.
"It is expected that the world’s first proximity observation of celestial bodies less than 100m in diameter will provide useful information, not only for elucidating the history of the Earth but also for planetary defense," team members wrote in a Hayabusa2 briefing document this past September.
Hayabusa2 will perform other tasks during this extended mission as well, including observing exoplanets and the zodiacal light — the faint glow in our solar system caused by sunlight bouncing off interplanetary dust. (You can read much more about the extended mission and its goals in the briefing document.)
The next decade-plus won't be just about the extended mission, of course. Hayabusa2 scientists have only just begun to assess and characterize the 0.19 ounces (5.4 grams) of pristine Ryugu material that landed in the Australian Outback last month.
A full investigation of this cosmic dirt and gravel could reveal key insights about the early solar system and, perhaps, the role that carbon-rich asteroids like Ryugu played in the rise of life on Earth, Hayabusa2 team members have said. Such work will involve scientists around the world — the mission team will loan some samples out — and almost certainly take decades. After all, researchers are still studying the 842 lbs. (382 kilograms) of moon material that NASA's Apollo program brought home between 1969 and 1972.
Hayabusa2 — the successor to the original Hayabusa mission, which delivered a few grains of material from the stony asteroid Itokawa to Earth in 2010 — launched in December 2014. It arrived at Ryugu in June 2018 and studied the space rock in depth for nearly a year and a half, dropping several hopping rovers and a microwave-sized lander onto the asteroid over that stretch.
The main Hayabusa2 spacecraft also made two visits of its own to Ryugu's rubbly surface, collecting samples each time. One of those sampling runs snagged subsurface material freshly unearthed by a copper "cannonball" that the probe fired into the asteroid in April 2019.
Hayabusa2 left Ryugu in November 2019, successfully delivering the return capsule a little over a year later. Less than two weeks after that landing, on Dec. 16, China's Chang'e 5 mission aced its own cosmic delivery, returning fresh moon samples to Earth for the first time since the Soviet Union did so in 1976.
And there's even more sample-return action coming in the relatively near future. In October 2019, NASA's OSIRIS-REx mission collected a big sample from the carbon-rich asteroid Bennu. This material will touch down in Utah in September 2023, if all goes according to plan.
Mike Wall is the author of "Out There" (Grand Central Publishing, 2018; illustrated by Karl Tate), a book about the search for alien life. Follow him on Twitter @michaeldwall. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom or Facebook.
A new "transforming" rover in development at NASA will be able to explore rough terrain unlike any rover before it.
DuAxle (short for dual-Axel) gets its name because it’s made of a combination of a pair of two-wheeled Axel rovers. The Axel rover is a simple, two-wheeled rover with a long tether that connects to a larger vehicle and stabilizes the rover as it descends into and explores craters that other rovers would not be able to handle. The Axel is equipped with a robotic arm that can collect samples, as well as stereoscopic cameras to gather imagery.
DuAxel combines two of these innovative rovers, with the back end acting as an anchor and the front end detaching to explore rough terrain. When DuAxel finds a crater, pit, scarp, vent, or other extreme terrains, it can stop, lower its chassis and anchor itself to the ground before separating into two parts. The back half of the rover stays put and the front half separates, using a long tether to stay connected to its anchor and maintain stability while exploring. The front half can then be reeled back in when it's finished.
NASA's new DuAxel rover separates into two single-axled robots so that one can rappel down a slope too steep for conventional rovers. (Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/J.D. Gammell)
Last fall, engineers from NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory put the rover to a test in the Mojave Desert. "DuAxel performed extremely well in the field, successfully demonstrating its ability to approach a challenging terrain, anchor, and then undock its tethered Axel rover," Issa Nesnas, a robotics technologist at JPL, said in a NASA statement.
Axel, the front half of the rover, managed to maneuver around steep and rocky slopes just as the team expected.
The two-wheeled Axel descends the slope while tethered to its counterpart anchored above the slope. (Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/J.D. Gammell)
While the two-wheeled Axel offers greater flexibility in exploration, the traditional four wheels on a space rover are essential for traversing large swatches of land in a short amount of time. And so, Nesnas and his team began developing a version of Axel that could be tethered to a lander. But, they soon learned that tethering to a lander created the great disadvantage of having to be incredibly accurate in landing precision. The Axel rover would have to be within propelling distance from the crater scientists wanted to explore.
And so, DuAxel was born. “The key advantage of DuAxel is made clear when you have landing site uncertainty, such as we do on Mars, or you want to move to a new location to rappel and explore with Axel,” Patrick Mcgarey, a robotic technologist at JPL and DuAxel team member, said in NASA’s statement. Essentially, he said, DuAxel is a transforming robot made for planetary exploration.
NASA's DuAxel rover is seen here participating in field tests in the Mojave Desert. The four-wheeled rover is composed of two Axel robots. One part anchors itself in place while the other uses a tether to explore otherwise inaccessible terrain. (Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/J.D. Gammell)
While DuAxel was mainly created with Mars in mind, the robot opens access to many more extreme terrain that hasn’t yet been explored in the solar system — possibly the moon, Mercury, and even some icy worlds like Jupiter’s moon Europa, Nesnas said.
Laura Kerberr, a planetary geologist at JPL, said she finds the Axel rover to be "quite delightful." Instead of safeguarding itself against dangers like falling or flipping over, as previous rovers have done, DuAxel is designed to withstand them.
The rover hasn’t yet been put to the test in space, but is currently waiting to be assigned a destination. As they wait, the DuAxel team continues to hone and update its technology.
Follow Kasandra Brabaw on Twitter @KassieBrabaw. Follow us on Twitter@Spacedotcom and onFacebook.
In a scenario that sounds like the opening for a “Zombies From Outer Space” movie, the European Space Agency released a photo of a never-before-seen star that was formed when two dead white dwarf stars collided – but instead of destroying each other, the white dwarfs merged into a new kind of zombie star that’s not really alive but still emitting a very bright X-ray light that’s expected to last a brief (in star time) 10,000 years before a ship can arrive and blow the zombie star’s brains out and chase down any zombie space ships it had launched.
This image shows a new type of star that has never been seen before in X-ray light. This strange star formed after two white dwarfs – remnants of stars like our Sun – collided and merged. But instead of destroying each other in the event, the white dwarfs formed a new object that shines bright in X-ray light.
A team of astronomers led by Lidia Oskinova of the University of Potsdam, Germany, used ESA’s XMM-Newton X-ray telescope to study the object that was originally discovered in 2019. Back then, astronomers already reported that the object has very high wind speeds and is too bright, and therefore too massive, to be an ordinary white dwarf. They suggested that the object is a new type of star that survived the merger of two white dwarfs.
Based on new information from XMM-Newton, Lidia and her team now suggest that what we see in the image is a new type of X-ray source powered by the merger of two white dwarfs. The remnant of the clash – the nebula – is also visible in this image, and is mostly made out of the element neon (shown in green). The star is very unstable and will likely collapse into a neutron star within 10 000 years.
Just kidding … it will last until the zombie star collapses into itself, forming a neutron star. Throw those zombie spaceships and the brain-blowing mission back in – is it plot-worthy?
“Recently, a WD merger product, IRAS 00500+6713, was identified. IRAS 00500+6713 consists of a central star embedded in a circular nebula. The analysis of the optical spectrum of the central star revealed that it is hot, hydrogen, and helium free, and it drives an extremely fast wind with a record breaking speed.”
From the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics comes that astronomer-speak analysis of an event that was first discovered in the constellation Cassiopeia (if you think that would be a good name for a band, it’s already taken (minus one ‘s’)) by researchers at the University of Bonn in Germany and the Russian Academy of Sciences using NASA’s Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) space telescope. Lacking both hydrogen and helium, two elements found in white dwarfs, the astronomers speculated that J005311 was something never seen before – the product of a white dwarf collision that became reanimated and started burning again. But how?
“Low-resolution X-ray spectra reveal large neon, magnesium, silicon, and sulfur enrichment of the central star and the nebula. We conclude that IRAS 00500+6713 resulted from a merger of an ONe and a CO WD, which supports earlier suggestion for a super-Chandrasekhar mass of this object. X-ray analysis indicates that the merger was associated with an episode of carbon burning and possibly accompanied by an SN Iax.”
Unfortunately, Google Translate doesn’t work on astronomer-speak. The study reveals that astrophysicist Lidia Oskinova of the University of Potsdam led a team using the ESA’s XMM-Newton X-ray telescope to look at both J005311 and the nebula surrounding it — IRAS 00500+6713. What they determined was that the colliding white dwarfs (that band name isn’t used yet) were distinct – one was primarily oxygen and neon (ONe) while the other was carbon monoxide (CO). The neon explains why the zombie star (photo here) glows green.
“Such an event is extremely rare. There are probably not even half a dozen such objects in the Milky Way, and we have discovered one of them.”
Dr. Götz Gräfener from the Argelander Institute for Astronomy (AIfA) at the University of Bonn explains in the press release what a big deal this zombie star is. Unfortunately, its zombie lifespan is brief. J005311 will turn its elements into iron in just a few thousand years, fading away its glow. It will then collapse under its own gravity while its former electrons and protons fuse into neutrons. The end result will be an incredibly dense neutron star measuring only few kilometers in diameter. However, like all zombies, it will go out with a bang – in this case, a supernova explosion.
A movie-worthy ending for a unique zombie star. Throw in a parting shot of a small object emerging from the explosion and we’ve got the potential for a sequel.
A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws.
Fans of Isaac Asimov will recognize his Three Laws of Robotics, first presented in his 1942 short story “Runaround” and popularized in the 1950 collection “I, Robot.” While they’re generally recognized as rules for robot interactions with humans, the third could apply to robot-to-robot encounters as well. Although “protect” implies aggression or physical contact, it could also pertain to ‘intelligent’ contact. But what about one robot attacking another emotionally, as humans do to each other so frequently? We may soon find out as a new robot developed at Columbia University has learned to predict another robot’s future actions in a way that some are calling “empathy.” Would today’s version of “I, Robot” need to be changed to “I Feel Your Pain, Robot”?
“Our initial results are very exciting. Our findings begin to demonstrate how robots can see the world from another robot’s perspective.”
Are you OK?
Or from in another robot’s steel shoes? That description of robot empathy comes from Boyuan Chen in a Columbia University press release describing his new study, published in the journal Scientific Reports. He and co-authors Carl Vondrick and Hod Lipson built a small robot and programmed it to seek and move towards any green circle it could see in a cage or simulated room it was placed in. Sometimes the robot had a clear view; other times it was blocked by a red box and forced to move around to look for it or another circle. A second robot was placed in a position to observe the actions of the first and predict its moves. After two hours, the observing robot, with just a few visual frames of viewing, was able to predict which green circle the other would pick and the path it would take.
“The ability of the observer to put itself in its partner’s shoes, so to speak, and understand, without being guided, whether its partner could or could not see the green circle from its vantage point, is perhaps a primitive form of empathy.”
Is there anything I can do?
If you’re worried about robots becoming empathetic to other robots, it gets scarier. The authors suggest this is an early step down the path of robots acquiring a “Theory of Mind” where, like human toddlers, they first understand the needs and perspectives of other robots, then develop social interactions as playful and cooperative as hide-and-seek and other games, or as sinister (and human-like) as lying and deception. Ultimately, Hod Lipson predicts robots could develop a “mind’s eye” allowing them to think visually like humans. He doesn’t necessarily see this a good thing.
“We recognize that robots aren’t going to remain passive instruction-following machines for long. Like other forms of advanced AI, we hope that policymakers can help keep this kind of technology in check, so that we can all benefit.”
Unfortunately, we can’t ask Isaac Asimov for Three More Laws of Robotics for Robots. Then again, if robots are capable of becoming emotional, will three be enough?
The list of strange UFO cases is long, and one doesn’t have to look far to find one that raises eyebrows and incites debate. Some of these have toed the line between possible real event and hoax, often falling on neither side and spurring many questions and much discussion. One such case comes to us from the wilds of Canada, involving a strange UFO sighting, a possible crash, and a mysterious package sent by an unknown party containing things that continue to be debated and discussed.
The whole bizarre story starts on August 18, 1991, in the small, rural historic township of West Carleton, Ontario, in Canada, where on this evening a housewife by the name of Diane Labenek was relaxing at her home on an otherwise rather uneventful night. However, at some point her dogs outside began to go nuts, after which she got up to go look outside. That was when she saw what she would describe as red flames and smoke belching up from a nearby field. It was a very bizarre sight to see, but it would get even stranger when she saw an outlandish unidentified object in the sky looming over it all, and she would say of it:
I looked out the window and I saw flames out on the field, extremely red flames and lots of smoke. It didn’t look like a fire. I know what a fire looks like when you start a fire out there when the grass is very dry. If you start a fire, you will see it moving either this way, or closer to the woods. And the fire was on one spot only. I saw a ship coming down close to the flames. Right on top of the ship, I saw a blue flashing light and another light was on the bottom, very bright. I didn’t know what to do. I was looking at it for about 10 minutes or so. And then the ship went a little bit back over the trees and it disappeared and I saw all the flames turn out at the same time. I don’t think I’d like to see it again. It’s very scary. I’ve lived here for many, many years and I have never been so scared in my life.
After the anomalous craft disappeared, she says that not 10 minutes later a helicopter flew over the area, which fully buzzed her home and crisscrossed the location before disappearing into the night. The next day, Diane went out to survey the scene, but could find no evidence of a fire or anything at all really. She began to doubt if she had seen what she thought she had, but nevertheless told her mother and husband about what she had seen. After that she kept it all to herself, even though she claimed that there were often frequent black-, green- or maroon-colored helicopters lurking about the area, which the military would deny having ever been there, but it would appear that this was far from the end of the story.
Six months would pass, and then, in February of 1992, UFO researcher Bob Oechsler and some other ufologists received rather odd packages in the mail from Canada. The packages all contained alleged secret military documents, pictures, a map, and a VHS videotape, labeled “Guardian,” with all of them marked by a thumbprint and claiming to show the very same object that Diane Labenek had seen. The video footage was taken at night, and appeared to show a bright flying object with a blue flashing strobe approach a clump of bright flames on the ground. This tape would soon make it out into the wild, where it was shown on several high-profile news shows and TV shows, including Unsolved Mysteries, which propelled it into the public consciousness, and in the meantime the researchers who had received this were trying to figure out what was going on.
Still from the Guardian UFO footage
The map included in the package was of West Carleton, so Oechsler headed there along with fellow ufologist Graham Lightfoot, where they talked with Diane and came to the conclusion that what she had seen and what was in the video were likely one in the same. As this was going on, the video was sent to be analyzed by Navy physicist Dr. Bruce Maccabee, who came to the conclusion that, while blurry and indistinct, showed something that could not be easily explained. He would say of this:
It’s one of the clearest videos I’ve seen that shows a structured object. There’s the beacon light, blue light evidently, reflecting down on the body of the craft, the outline of the object itself. You can see some sort of dark lines that appear, some brightness structure, indicating something generating light is hanging down below the object. It’s generating green light as well as blue light. The section of the video which shows the object as sort of appearing over a rise is quite convincing to me as what you would expect if somebody were in the field trying to get closer to it and not knowing how close he could get. And so he turns on his camera while he’s walking. He knows he’s going to come up over a rise and see it and you can see in the video he moves further and further down until you see the whole device.
Suddenly, the light coming towards him gets brighter and brighter and you get a great big diffuse reflection or image in the camera, which suggests to me that this object shined a beam, a blue beam right at him. It appeared to be so large that it would not be logical to try to set all this up at night, under darkness. There would’ve been evidence during the day of movement of generators, of somebody hauling cables, maybe a big apparatus or something that they would’ve had to bring in there for that night. Clearly, if there was a hoax involved, Diane would’ve seen evidence of it in advance.
He also pointed out that the video features in the background the sound of dogs barking, presumed to be those of Oechsler. Another person who analyzed the footage was Dr. Robert Nathan of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, who reviewed it in a non-official capacity and could not adequately explain what was seen in the video. It was all very exciting, but there were some red flags as well. For one, the mysterious informant “Guardian” had provided documents that not only ranted about UFOs, Red China, and nuclear weapons, but also did not seem to be very official, with multiple errors throughout suggesting that they were forged. Bob Oechsler would say of this:
There’s some question, immediately, with regard to the authenticity of the documentation, that it didn’t look like it was a typical government document. This document is clearly a fabrication. There are way too many errors in the document to make it authentic. Someone with very little effort could have come a lot closer than this.
Not helping the credibility of the footage was that it at one point shows what seem to be alien creatures, which looked decidedly fake and cast it all in a suspicious light. In light of all of this, the Guardian footage was soon being dismissed as a hoax, although it was unclear who Guardian actually was. One idea was that it was being orchestrated by a man named Bobby Charlebois, who just happened to be a UFO nut and who also knew Diane, and making it even more suspicious was that he refused to have his fingerprints taken. This has thrown certain doubt over it all, but Diane Labenek has always insisted that her sighting was real and here are those willing to defend the Guardian footage. For his part, Bob Oechsler has taken a skeptical, yet hopeful view on it all, saying:
This is either an extraordinary top secret flying vehicle of somebody’s government or it is of a non-human origin. Having no contact with Guardian is probably the biggest frustration to an investigation like this. We don’t know who Guardian is, what Guardian represents. We don’t know if Guardian was sent or went on his own. We have no idea what the solution to many of these mysteries are going to be. We may never know.
In recent years, Toronto filmmaker Nick Crowe has been endeavoring to make a documentary on the whole thing, entitled Searching for Guardian. Crowe has taken the approach of looking at the case as a possible hoax, and why anyone would want to carry out such a thing. He has said of his efforts and philosophy on the project:
I guess what we’re most interested in is the idea and belief in UFOs. Whatever happened took on an incredible life of its own. It’s not going to be an Unsolved Mystery type of story. These documentaries tend to be human interest stories. There’s definitely a human angle to this. If it was a hoax, why? Someone took a lot of care putting these video tape packages together. There’s an interesting angle there. There was an RCMP investigation; the low-flying helicopters; the Guardian element. We’re the kind of company that does everything by the book. We’re not trying to create a gotcha moment. We’re not salacious. Our interest is not to harass people to be in the film. I would like to believe but I have skepticism about it. Alien landings are kind of a central mystery. This struck me as having a lot of interesting characters around it. A lot of time and effort and thought went in to it.
So what are we dealing with here? Was this a hoax or something else? What did Diane see and who was the mysterious Guardian? It has mostly been written off as a very clever hoax, but it has also never really been fully resolved. Whatever we are looking at here seems to be evading any concrete understanding, and whether it is a trick or not, we may never know just what is going on, or if it is a hoax who orchestrated it all. One more mystery among many in the UFO field.
Natuurfenomeen boven Noordpool kan voor strenge winterkoude zorgen
Er is iets aan de hand in de atmosfeer boven de Noordpool weliswaar. Een spectaculaire weersverandering voltrekt zich op grote hoogte, in de stratosfeer. Daar kan die ook blijven en dan merken wij er hier niets van. Maar in twee van de drie gevallen doet die verandering zich voelen op leefniveau. En dan zullen wij er wél iets van voelen: stevig winterweer.
De poolwervel is aan de wandel en kan mogelijk splitsen. Dat heeft in verleden gezorgd voor bar winterweer, in Noord-Amerika maar ook in Europa. Het gebeurde bijvoorbeeld in februari 2018 en zorgde voor een koudeperiode die in Noord-Amerika en Groot-Brittannië ‘the Beast from the East’ werd gedoopt.
Het verantwoordelijke fenomeen heet in de meteorologie ‘plotselinge stratosferische opwarming’. Wat verwarrend misschien, maar de bron van die snelle omslag naar winterweer zit in een verwarming. Niet in de opwarming van het klimaat; het gaat hier over een weersverschijnsel dat ongeveer zes keer per decennium voorkomt. En over een verwarming die ver onder nul blijft.
De stratosfeer is de luchtlaag die begint op tien kilometer hoogte. Boven de Noordpool is het daar de hele winter donker, want zonlicht komt er niet. Daardoor bouwt zich een gebied van lage druk op met sterke westenwinden: de poolwervel. Vaak blijft die in stand, maar de poolwervel kan ook opbreken. Meteorologen zien dan op grote hoogte de wind draaien van west naar oost.
“Dat is afgelopen woensdag gebeurd”, zegt Michiel van Weele, meteoroloog bij de Nederlandse meteorlogische dienst KNMI. Het duidt erop dat de temperatuur in de stratosfeer boven de Noordpool flink is gestegen. Er kunnen nu twee dingen gebeuren: de poolwervel verplaatst zich alleen wat in onze richting of hij splitst in twee wervels, zoals het geval was in 2018. “We hebben deze week alleen een verplaatsing kunnen meten”, zegt Van Weele, “maar we houden het in de gaten.”
De kou kan na twee weken al toeslaan
Richard Hallhoudt er ernstig rekening mee dat die splitsing er gaat komen. Hall is hoogleraar aan de universiteit van Bristol (VK) en publiceerde deze week in de Journal of Geophysical Research met collega’s een methode om de gevolgen van zo’n wandel van de poolwervel te voorspellen. Het is geen methode die precies verklaart wat er gebeurt, maar een algoritme dat op basis van alle gevallen uit de afgelopen halve eeuw karakteristieken heeft gedestilleerd die nu kunnen worden gebruikt om te voorspellen.
Want de gevolgen kunnen enorm uiteenlopen. De spectaculaire weersverandering voltrekt zich op grote hoogte, in de stratosfeer. Daar kan die ook blijven en dan merken we er niets van. Maar in twee van de drie gevallen doet die verandering zich voelen op leefniveau. Daar kan dan koude poollucht naar gematigde streken gaan stromen. Winterweer dus.
Vooral een splitsing van de poolwervel kan het weer doen omslaan. Bovendien gaat dat een stuk sneller. In de analyse van Hall blijkt het drie weken te duren voor een verplaatsing van de poolwervel zich laat voelen. Maar als de wervel splitst, slaat de kou al na twee weken toe.
Waar dat gebeurt, hangt af van de gang van de twee nieuwe wervels. Maar de meest waarschijnlijke gebieden, zegt meteoroloog Van Weele, zijn Noord-Amerika en Europa.
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Simon Parkes & Linda Moulton Howe Talk Reptilians, Blondes, and Greys
Simon Parkes & Linda Moulton Howe Talk Reptilians, Blondes, and Greys
Simon Parkes and Linda Moulton Howe Talk Reptilians, Blondes, and Greys
COAST TO COAST AM – Simon Parkes, a former Councilor for the London Borough of Hackney, detailed his long history of alien interactions and encounters with Praying Mantis entities. According to Parkes, the Mantis are extremely ancient beings who were actually born on Earth, and “have been accepted by many other off-planet entities as an arbiter,” or referee between various factions including Reptilians, Blonds, and Greys.
The Reptilians, who are very psychic, seek for humans to develop into machines and AI, while the Blond “Nordics” seem to stand in opposition to them, he indicated.
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Orb Creates Smaller Orbs, Oakley, California 12-22-2020, UFO Sighting News.
Orb Creates Smaller Orbs, Oakley, California 12-22-2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Dec 22, 2020 Location of sighting: Oakley, California, USA Source: MUFON
This is a really baffling UFO video. It just came from MUFON today and it shows a glowing orange disk moving across the sky and at two different points...it ejects out glowing objects. No this looks a lot like a mother orb...thats an orb that creates duplicate of itself that are almost the same size, but can create a new orb every 3-5 seconds...with hundreds soon created. Never seen this at night before and it looks way too big to be a cloud orb. Orbs are about basketball size...this looks car size. This is truly an alien craft.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
Eyewitness states:
It seemed to emit some type of energy around the object with different color. Also light seemed to be pulsating, object started ejecting smaller orbe like pieces that would disappear right after. While this object passed by me two planes are seeing to go near it. I have a 2 minutes vídeo also I screen shot the objec and has no shape. No sign of being a meteorite either.
Black Object Over Royal Palm Beach, Florida, Jan 1, 2021, UFO Sighting News.
Black Object Over Royal Palm Beach, Florida, Jan 1, 2021, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Jan 1, 2021 Location of sighting:Palm Beach, Florida, USA
Source: MUFON
This UFO is unique in that it appears to be flour bowl shaped...you know...the kind of metal bowl in the kitchen for mixing ingredients. Those particular shaped UFOs have been seen before, usually near power lines. This one has a mist around it and appears not to be black but to be a brownish color. It's moving with the flat side down, and the curved dome side up. It's obviously intelligently controlled. The eyewitness things it may be a bag, but doesn't seem convinced of it. His curiosity causes him to drive around to the other side of the stores to a dead end where a pond is seen, but he sees no UFO anywhere. This is a fantastic and rare catch of a bowl UFO.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan UFO researcher
Eyewitness states:
Black cube shape about 10ft length/width/height with apparent exhaust on one side. On January 3, 2021, I was exiting a department store located in Royal Palm Beach, FL, at 6pm. I had just finished shopping with my 10 year old son when I spotted a dark, cubed-shaped object, moving slowly from the west towards a north/northwest location. I immediately filmed it with a somewhat unsteady hand as my son and I were standing on the edge of the street and we had packages that we were keeping an eye on. Still, I was able to follow it until I lost visual as it seemed to be lowering its altitude and lost it behind the store. It was at around 500ft away, give or take. It had what seemed to be some sort of dim light on one side and it appeared that it was some sort of propulsion and it seemed to show some rotation motion. There was no sound coming from it. As soon as I lost visual I jumped in my car and started driving behind the store but couldn’t see it anymore.
Silver Object Over Homes In Chillicothe, Ohio On 5-17-2019, UFO Sighting News.
Silver Object Over Homes In Chillicothe, Ohio On 5-17-2019, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: May 17, 2019 Location of sighting: Chillicothe, Ohio, USA
Source: MUFON
This video was just sent into the MUFON today, although it was recorded back in 2019. The object in question is a silver and black object, whose shape cannot be totally defined. In the video the object is seen turning and moving. It also is intelligently controlled. It's not a toy or kite or balloon, but it does appear to be the shape and color of a UFO. This video shows something truly amazing and unexplainable in all terms of the word. 100% alien technology here.
Scott C. Waring
Eyewitness states:
My grandson saw this object far away and asked me what it was? I looked up and saw something in the sky hovering around. I pulled out my camera and started recording what we saw. I zoomed in to see it better, then saw it watching us and it zoomed out, then back in. Then it started changing shapes. We all watched. I didn't get a good look at it until I went inside to watch the video. What we saw was something unexplainable, so I slowed down the video and saw two more black objects around the UFO.
Black cube shaped UFO flying over Royal Palm Beach, Florida 3-Jan-2021
Black cube shaped UFO flying over Royal Palm Beach, Florida 3-Jan-2021
Witness filmed this really amazing UFO sighting from a car while driving on the streets of Royal Palm Beach in Florida. This happened on 3rd January 2021.
Witness report:
Black cube shape about 10ft length/width/height with apparent exhaust on one side. On January 3, 2021, I was exiting a department store located in Royal Palm Beach, FL, at 6pm. I had just finished shopping with my 10 year old son when I spotted a dark, cubed-shaped object, moving slowly from the west towards a north/northwest location. I immediately filmed it with a somewhat unsteady hand as my son and I were standing on the edge of the street and we had packages that we were keeping an eye on. Still, I was able to follow it until I lost visual as it seemed to be lowering its altitude and lost it behind the store. It was at around 500ft away, give or take. It had what seemed to be some sort of dim light on one side and it appeared that it was some sort of propulsion and it seemed to show some rotation motion. There was no sound coming from it. As soon as I lost visual I jumped in my car and started driving behind the store but couldn’t see it anymore.
This interesting UFO video of an unknown orange object that was releasing orbs was filmed in Oakley, California on 22nd December 2020.
Witness report:
seemed to emit some type of energy around the object with different color. Also light seemed to be pulsating, object started ejecting smaller orbe like pieces that would disappear right after. While this object passed by me two planes are seeing to go near it. I have a 2 minutes vídeo also I screen shot the objec and has no shape. No sign of being a meteorite either
Lindley Johnson, NASA's Planetary Defense Officer and program executive of the Planetary Defense Coordination Office. (Image credit: Lonnie Anderson/Sandia National Laboratories)
It's a cosmic roll of the dice. There's no doubt that a major asteroid or comet strike could cause extensive devastation and profoundly affect life on Earth.
The largest hit in recent times was the object that exploded over Tunguska, Siberia, in June 1908 with an energy impact of five to 15 megatons. Then there was that spectacular and destructive airburst in February 2013 over the Russian city of Chelyabinsk. The Chelyabinsk explosion generated a shock wave that shattered windows on the ground, and the resulting flying glass shards injured more than 1,000 people.
While these run-ins are few and far between, those in the know call them wakeup calls.
Thwarting an incoming object that has Earth in its crosshairs will mean deflecting or disrupting the hazardous object. That's a task of planetary defense, an "applied planetary science" to address the near-Earth object (NEO) impact hazard.
Lindley Johnson is NASA's Planetary Defense Officer and program executive of the Planetary Defense Coordination Office. An email from him includes the on-the-job line: "Hic Servare Diem," Latin for "Here to Save the Day."
Space.com caught up with Johnson in late December to discuss recent events and what's on the planetary-defense agenda in 2021.
Space.com: What's the impact of the Dec. 1 loss of the Arecibo Observatory's 305-meter telescope on your planetary radar efforts for NEO observations?
Johnson: The National Science Foundation made the hard decision that it needed to be decommissioned for safety reasons and brought down. But the telescope decided to do it on its own. Its planetary radar observation isn't unique, as we have it at our Goldstone [Solar System Radar in California's Mojave Desert] too. What was unique about Arecibo was the size of the dish and the power it generated, which gave it a longer range than we have at Goldstone.
Johnson: We have lost that capability, but we haven't lost planetary radar capability. But it does make Goldstone a more critical capability for us than it was. We did have some overlap and redundancy prior to loss of Arecibo, but now we have Goldstone. I think not only NASA but other agencies as well will soon engage in a study of what is the future for our planetary radar capability. I think the loss of Arecibo will provide the incentive to get that together, a concerted effort on the part of several agencies.
Damage sustained at the Arecibo Observatory 305-meter telescope. The top section of all three of the telescope's support towers broke off. As the 900-ton instrument platform fell, the telescope's support cables also dropped. (Image credit: NSF/University of Central Florida)
Johnson: It's about two-thirds of the way through its integration and test now at the Applied Physics Laboratory [APL, at Johns Hopkins University in Maryland]. It is beginning to look like a real spacecraft. But there certainly have been challenges with COVID-19 and delivery by suppliers of all the parts. One of the remaining big pieces still to be delivered is the rollout solar arrays. But the integration schedule has been rearranged. Things are looking positive all the way through the testing that's going on. We're in pretty good shape to get DART shipped out to Vandenberg [Air Force Base in California] to meet the end-of-July launch.
Space.com: Any update on the Italian Space Agency's Light Italian Cubesat for Imaging of Asteroid, the LICIACube built to witness DART's impact?
Johnson: They've had their challenges too, maybe even more so. We're hoping they will be able to stay on schedule. LICIACube could be integrated at APL, or it could also be integrated out at Vandenberg if they need to.
Imagery of the asteroid 2014 JO25, generated with radar data collected using NASA's Goldstone Solar System Radar in California's Mojave Desert. (Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/GSSR)
Space.com: As NASA's first planetary defense mission, what do you hope to learn from DART?
Johnson: It will confirm for us what the viability of the kinetic impactor technique is for diverting an asteroid's orbit and determine that it remains a viable option, at least for smaller-sized asteroids, which are the most frequent impact hazard.
Space.com: You have been engaged in a series of "table top" exercises involving the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and other organizations about the nature, risk and what to do given an Earth encounter with an asteroid or comet impact. What's their value to your work?
Johnson: There will definitely be more coming, and possibly next year. We do introduce different scenarios, like how much time before impact do you have? Or what's the size of the object? To date, the exercises have been done with a relatively small community. I think in a future exercise, our main objective is to have a broader community of the NEO Impact Threat Emergency Protocols Working Group take part, representation from a number of other agencies that have not been involved in previous exercises. That working group was formed in early 2019 to work on Goal 5 actions in the National NEO Strategy and Action Plan.
Artistic view of NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft and the Italian Space Agency's LICIACube watchdog prior to impact at the Didymos binary system. (Image credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins APL/Steve Gribben)
Space.com: The JPL Center for NEO Studies is NASA's center for computing asteroid and comet orbits and their odds of Earth impact. Fireball and bolide data is included on their website, some of which is gleaned from classified military satellites. How is that data exchange between NASA and the military going?
Johnson: The pathways and the capabilities are more straightforward than it used to be. We are still working on making it faster, more automated. Through this last year some of it was somewhat manual, with data delayed longer than we would like it to be. If you check out the website, you'll see a steady addition of events into our database.
Space.com: You would want to obtain that data far sooner?
Johnson: Within hours of the event, if not quicker.
Space.com: Asteroid samples brought back to Earth — be they from Japan's Hayabusa2 spacecraft and NASA's OSIRIS-REx — how valuable are they to your planetary defense office?
Johnson: They certainly do help us understand the nature and composition of these objects. Getting these spacecraft out there to observe them up close is part of a step-by-step approach, from remote sensing of them … and then collecting a sample for lab analysis here on Earth. It confirms what we think we know about an asteroid's composition.
That's of course of great interest to the scientific community. But it's also of value in understanding how mitigation techniques might be more effective. For remote sensing of these objects, you are never sure whether the lines and squiggles are being interpreted correctly. When you get up close, you can confirm a number of things. So it's kind of a bootstrap approach.
This map shows reported fireball events, with approximate total optical radiated energy and calculated total impact energy for each one. (Image credit: Alan B. Chamberlin/JPL-Caltech)
Space.com: Any new words on your proposed NASA Near Earth Object Surveyor spacecraft, a space-based infrared telescope capable of detecting asteroids close to Earth?
Johnson: From a technical standpoint, everybody agrees that this project is ready to move on into phase B, a preliminary design. The uncertainty right now is what the future budget is going to be. Our planetary defense program does not have adequate budget out through the number of years it will take to develop NEO Surveyor as yet.
Space.com: Looking back and eyeing the future, how do you appraise NASA's planetary defense program?
Johnson: The program at NASA continues. Using ground-based capabilities in 2020, it looks like the number of found NEOs is going to hit 2,800 [for the year], a record number for us. Most of those are quite small, much smaller than the 140-meter threshold that we're working toward.
The level of which we're finding the 140-meter and larger asteroids remains pretty stable, at about 500 a year. Our projection of the number of these objects out there is about 25,000, and we've only found a little over one-third of those so far, maybe 38% or so. Our models tell us we've got about 15,000 more to find. At 500 a year, you do the math, that's 30 years that we have to get through with these kind of operations today. We can do it quicker. We know we have the technology to do it faster, and that is what NEO Surveyor is all about.
Leonard David is author of the book "Moon Rush: The New Space Race," which was published by National Geographic in May 2019. A longtime writer for Space.com, David has been reporting on the space industry for more than five decades. Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom or on Facebook. This version of the story published on Space.com.
If you're feeling lonely, take solace in remembering that there are countless tiny living things floating tens of thousands of feet above your head.
And as scientists have come to learn more and more about this high-flying life and how it interacts with Earth's surface, they are beginning to question just how implausible it is to wonder whether similar life could theoretically hide out in the clouds of Venus or still more exotic worlds.
"We humans really are bottom-dwellers underneath an ocean of atmosphere above our head, and we really don't know where Earth's biosphere boundary stops at extreme altitudes," David Smith, who studies life in the atmosphere at NASA's Ames Research Center in California, said at a roundtable event held on Dec. 14 at the annual fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union, held virtually this month. "It seems just about anywhere we sample with NASA aircraft and balloons, we find signatures of microbial life."
So far, life in Earth's atmosphere seems to be strictly microbial and a temporary affair, intimately connected to life on Earth's surface rather than an independent ecosystem. Tiny, hardy organisms are swept up from the thin transition where Earth's atmosphere meets the planet and carried into the lower layers of the atmosphere on an epic detour.
"Based on what we know, the things are just moving through the atmosphere," Kevin Dillon, a Ph.D. candidate in microbiology at Rutgers University, said during the panel. "Microbes travel and use the atmosphere almost like a highway, and specifically can hitch a ride in clouds."
Microbes end up in two layers of the atmosphere. In the lower troposphere, microbes mostly have to contend with the risk of drying out, Diana Gentry, a research scientist at Ames, said during the panel. Hence the appeal of clouds.
"If you are picked up and suspended in the atmosphere, you're in danger of losing all of your water pretty quickly," Gentry said. "So clouds in the lower level are great — they're like these mobile water hotspots that can help keep you wet as you're picked up and transported around." In the troposphere, some microbes may survive pretty normally, even.
A map shows the global distribution of clouds over more than a decade, as seen by NASA's Aqua satellite. (Image credit: Jesse Allen/Kevin Ward/MODIS Atmosphere Science Team/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center)
Meanwhile, life one level up, in the harsher stratosphere needs to contend with conditions that are still drier and even acidic. Here, microbes typically at least need to hunker down into a dormant state they can slip out of after returning to the surface. And of course, some die, and some are dead before they are swept up into the atmosphere.
So far, even in the best situation, atmospheric microbes don't seem to be doing much more intriguing than simply surviving, however. "We are really just beginning to understand the dynamics of how microorganisms from Earth's surface get swept up into the atmosphere, how long they stay aloft and whether or not they're doing anything meaningful in terms of activity or growth and reproduction aloft — we still don't know," Smith said. "We have a lot more work to do in Earth's atmosphere."
But just as the discovery of hydrothermal vent communities at hot seams in the ocean floor prompted astrobiological dreams of life deep inside the hidden oceans of icy moons, so scientists now wonder whether the strange extremity of atmospheric life on Earth could be a template for determining whether anything is alive elsewhere in this chain of rocky worlds we call the solar system.
Life in the solar system
Of course, for as many uncertainties as there are when it comes to life in Earth's atmosphere, they only multiply in atmospheres beyond Earth's.
One key constraint is that while we know full well Earth's surface is a paradise from which microbes can take their grand adventure, other planetary surfaces in the solar system are either certainly or likely more hostile to life as we know it, although they may well have been plenty habitable in the distant past. The appeal of someplace like Venus, for example, as a destination in the search for life is in its atmosphere, where some scientists have argued that liquid droplets about 30 to 37 miles (48 to 60 kilometers) up could act as a haven in the acidic, hot environment for which Venus is famous.
That harshness means that on worlds like Venus, life would need to remain in the atmosphere permanently, rather than visiting as it does on Earth. And that permanence means those holes scientists have about whether microbes can, say, reproduce while aloft, would need filling.
And gravity would consistently steal some hypothetical microbes out of the one cozy layer, Gentry noted. "A challenge to life that is unique to life in the atmosphere is that because you're floating, you're constantly losing some of your life that is up there, just to gravitational settling over time," she said. "In order for life to be able to persist long-term in an atmosphere, it has to be able to reproduce fast enough to make up for those losses."
Then there's that water issue. Earth's clouds are special: They are the only modern atmospheric clouds in the solar system built primarily of water vapor, making them uniquely promising for life human scientists are most attuned to recognize. Venus' clouds? Sulfuric acid. Mars has some carbon dioxide wisps. Neptune's moon Triton boasts nitrogen clouds. All of them are intriguing, but no water is a real hurdle.
"One of the major themes in astrobiology tends to be 'follow the water' because, for Earth-like life as we know it, water is a requirement," Gentry said. "Because those are not water-based clouds, they're not interesting for the same reason that water-based clouds are interesting."
And beyond
Just as Earth serves as a template for considering other solar system worlds, our neighborhood offers archetypes to consider for worlds beyond our star — with another step down in how much we know about them, of course. Where Earth is our daily backdrop and the planets are destinations for sophisticated spacecraft, exoplanets are mostly blemishes silhouetted against their stars in astronomical observations.
And it turns out, spotting atmospheric life is tricky, even here on Earth. "Every time we fly through clouds and make cloud water collections, we have this really strong signal of Earth life. And yet, we can't measure it remotely," Smith said. "We know life is in those clouds, but we don't have any instruments that are sensitive enough to detect that without actually collecting the cloud water."
So don't expect scientists to make any announcements about atmospheric life on other worlds any time soon.
"It is extraordinarily difficult to prove or to see whether an exoplanet is a living world," Noam Izenberg, a planetary scientist at Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Maryland, said.
But don't stop wondering about it either, he said.
"If there's a chance for life on Venus, then yes, there's probably chances for life on Venus-like worlds elsewhere," Izenberg said. "If there's life on Earth, yes, there's probably a chance for life on Earth-like worlds elsewhere."
Email Meghan Bartels at mbartels@space.com or follow her on Twitter @meghanbartels. Follow uson Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.
Astronomers have discovered a galaxy that is ejecting a massive amout of gas. The outburst could represent the end of star formation in ID2299 and its figurative death.
The process that causes the end of star formation in galaxies, their transition to an inactive phase and thus their figurative ‘death’ has been a puzzle for astronomers and astrophysicist for some time. Many researchers believe that ‘galactic death’ begins with the ejection of a massive quantity of gas, but thus far, researchers have failed to capture evidence of the escape of this star-forming fuel in such volumes. Thus the confirmation of how this transition to galactic quintessence occurs has also proved elusive.
Now an international team of astronomers have used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) located in the desert region of Chile to spot a distant galaxy in which such a massive ejection of gas is progressing.
“Using ALMA we have discovered a distant galaxy, ID2299, which is ejecting about half of its cold gas reservoir out of the galaxy,” Annagrazia Puglisi, Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Durham University, lead researcher on the study, tells ZME Science. “This is the first time we have observed a typical massive star-forming galaxy in the distant Universe about to ‘die’ because of a massive cold gas ejection.”
This artist’s impression of ID2299 shows the galaxy, the product of a galactic collision, and some of its gas being ejected by a “tidal tail” as a result of the merger. New observations made with ALMA, in which ESO is a partner, have captured the earliest stages of this ejection before the gas reached the very large scales depicted in this artist’s impression. (ESO/M. Kornmesser)
ID2299 is so distant that the light it emits takes 9 billion years to reach Earth, which means the team were able to observe it at a time when the universe was just 4.5 billion years old.
The rate of gas ejection that ID2299–a galaxy with a similar mass to the Milky way– is experiencing is equivalent to 10,000 Suns per year, removing an extraordinary 48% of its total cold gas content. In addition to this, the galaxy is still forming stars at a rapid rate, hundreds of times faster than the star formation rate of our own galaxy.
Puglisi explains that the gas ejection, together with a large amount of star formation in the nuclear regions of the galaxy, will eventually deprive the galaxy of the fuel need to make new stars.
“This would stop star formation in the object, effectively halting the galaxy’s development.”
Annagrazia Puglisi, Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Durham University
The team’s research, published in the latest edition of the journal Nature Astronomy, is significant because it represents three ‘firsts’ for astronomy. “This is the first time we observe a typical massive star-forming galaxy in the distant Universe about to ‘die’ because of a massive cold gas ejection,” explains Puglisi. “Also, for the first time, we were able to tell that massive gas ejection might be frequent enough to cause the cessation of star formation in a large number of massive distant galaxies. Finally, we were able to study the physical properties of the ejected gas in a distant galaxy.”
The researcher goes on to explain that these factors are important in the understanding of the triggering mechanism of the ejection– the galaxy’s distinct tidal tail.
Galactic Collisions and Tidal Tails
The research team that discovered ID2299 believe that it was created during a collision between two galaxies and their eventual merger. Ironically this process seems to have triggered the rapid gas loss that will eventually cause it to become inactive.
Another stunning example of a tidal tail is the ‘Tadpole’s Tail’ emerging from the galaxy Arp 188. This tail stretches a stunning 280 thousand light years and was caused by a gravitational interaction with another galaxy. (Hubble Legacy Archive/ NASA/ ESA)
“ID2299 is a galaxy with a large mass in stars and is forming new stars at a rate 300 times faster than our Galaxy– a result of the collision between two galaxies,” co-author Chiara Circosta, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, tells ZME.
The main clue that points towards ID2299’s creation by collision is the fact its ejected gas has taken the form of a tidal tail. These elongated streams of stars and gas that reach into interstellar space are often too faint to see and are theorised to be the result of galactic mergers.
“Collisions between galaxies are very powerful and spectacular phenomena. During the interaction, tidal forces develop and can trigger ejection of gas through tidal tails,” says Circosta. “Our study suggests that these ejections could be frequent enough to stop the formation of new stars in a large number of massive galaxies in the distant Universe.
“Our research shows that these interactions can have an important role in the life-cycles of galaxies.
Chiara Circosta, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London
What makes the team’s findings even more impressive is the fact that it’s a discovery that occurred predominantly through good fortune.
Serendipity and a Series of Firsts
Because tidal tails of gas such as the one that the team observed being ejected from ID2299 are extremely faint and thus, difficult for astronomers to observe. In fact, the team weren’t looking for a galaxy like ID2299 at all.
“The discovery of this object was serendipitous. I was inspecting the spectra of 100 star-forming galaxies from the ALMA telescope,” says Puglisi, who goes on to explain that the spectrum of galaxy ID2299 immediately caught her attention as it displayed an excess of emission near the very prominent emission line from the galaxy. “I was very surprised when I measured the flux of this excess emission because it indicated that the galaxy was expelling a large amount of gas.
“I was thrilled to discover such an exceptional galaxy! I was eager to learn more about this weird object because I was convinced that there was some important lesson to be learned about how distant galaxies evolve.“
Annagrazia Puglisi, Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Durham University
The discovery of ID2299 sparked a discussion within the team about the mechanism that is causing the gas ejection of gas at such a rapid rate. They concluded that alternative mechanisms simply couldn’t account for ejection in such large amounts.
“We discussed a lot to understand what could have been the possible cause of this phenomenon. Broad components are fairly common in the spectra of distant galaxies and are typically associated with galactic winds,” says Puglisi. “Nor the active black hole nor the strong star formation hosted in ID2299 were powerful enough to produce this ejection.
“The numbers didn’t just add up.”
The ALMA antennas at the Llano Chajnantor–above them, the bright Milky Way is visible–played a vital role in the discovery of ID2299 and will now assist in the further investigation of gas movements in the galaxy (ESO/Y. Beletsky)
The next steps for the team are to use ALMA to make high-resolution observations of ID2299 and the motion of gas within it in order to better understand the gas ejection occurring there. Looking beyond this galaxy, Puglisi says she will also look for similar occurrences in other galaxies.
“I personally find quite fascinating the study of galaxy interactions and mergers. These phenomena are visually spectacular,” the researcher adds. “I find quite poetic that galaxies can get close to each other and influence their life and evolution so dramatically.”
The research the team presents could either overturn current theories that suggest star-forming material is actually ejected by the activity of supermassive black holes at the centre of galaxies or could provide another mechanism by which this can occur. Either way, the discovery represents a significant step forward in our understanding of how galaxies develop.
“I see galaxy evolution as a complex puzzle that researchers are trying to complete through their studies,” Circosta concludes. “A crucial part of the puzzle is about the mechanisms that halt the formation of new stars and ‘kill’ galaxies.
“Witnessing such a massive disruption event allowed us to shed new light on one of the possible culprits responsible for the death of distant galaxies. This adds an important piece to the puzzle of galaxy evolution!”
Chiara Circosta, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London
Original research:
Puglisi. A., Daddi. E., Brusa. M., et al, ‘A titanic interstellar medium ejection from a massive starburst galaxy at z=1.4,’ Nature Astronomy, [2021], [DOI: 10.1038/s41550-020-01268-x].
De aarde tolde in 2020 in recordtempo om haar as; de dagen waren meetbaar korter
In 2020 draaide de aarde zo snel om haar as, dat de dagen meetbaar korter waren. Mogelijk moeten we de klok binnenkort zelfs een gedwongen tik terug zetten om het rappe getol bij te benen, schrijft de Volkskrant.
Een beetje tegenstrijdig klinkt het wel. Waar 2020 voor de meeste mensen voelde als een jaar dat zich eindeloos voortsleepte van crisis naar lockdown en weer terug, zoefde het jaar in werkelijkheid in recordvaart voorbij.
Of nou ja: tijdmeet-technisch dan toch. Veel zullen u en ik van de milliseconden tijdwinst die we afgelopen jaar boekten immers niet hebben gemerkt. Toch is die kortere draaitijd van de aarde, nauwlettend bijgehouden door de International Earth Rotation Reference Systems Service (IERS), meer dan alleen een grappig borrelfeitje. Hij heeft namelijk invloed op de stand van de ‘universele klok’ waarnaar wij allemaal leven, de wereldwijde standaard waarop alle tijdzones gebaseerd zijn.
Ultragevoelige atoomklokken
Die wereldwijde tijd heet ook wel UTC – overigens geen afkorting, maar een compromis tussen de Engelse term CUT (Coordinated Universal Time) en de Franse term TUC (Temps Universel Coordonné). UTC is op zijn beurt weer gebaseerd op de internationale atoomtijd, die men bijhoudt met 400 ultragevoelige atoomklokken, verspreid over 90 laboratoria over de hele wereld.
“Bij ons staan vier van die klokken”, zegt tijdbeheerder Erik Dierikx van het nationaal metrologisch instituut VSL in Delft. Daar houdt hij de IERS-gegevens nauwlettend in de gaten, op zoek naar het moment dat UTC te veel begint af te wijken van de astronomische tijd.
Waar je bij een dag al snel denkt aan 24 uur, wijkt de werkelijke duur van één rondje om de aardas namelijk elke dag iets af, blijkt uit de IERS-gegevens. Dat heeft overigens een natuurlijke oorzaak: veranderingen in de wind, bijvoorbeeld, of het stromen van de oceanen. Zelfs bewegingen van de aardkern oefenen een minieme invloed uit op hoe snel de aarde tolt.
Te langzaam
“Zodra het verschil tussen de astronomische tijd en UTC te groot wordt, voegt men een schrikkelseconde toe”, zegt Dierikx, die zo’n seconde dan samen met zijn collega’s in de atoomklokken programmeert. “De laatste schrikkelseconde kwam erbij op 1 januari 2017", zegt hij.
Decennialang leek de aarde gemiddeld te langzaam te draaien. Maar het afgelopen jaar ging het juist snel, met opmerkelijk veel korte dagen. Sterker nog: de 28 kortste dagen die sinds 1960 in de boeken staan, komen allemaal uit 2020, zo meldde vakwebsite timeanddate.com onlangs na een eigen analyse van de IERS-gegevens. Het meest bont maakte 19 juli het, door (afgerond) anderhalve milliseconde korter dan 24 uur te duren.
Negatieve schrikkelseconde
En ook dit jaar is de verwachting dat de aarde relatief snel om haar as zal tollen, zo meldt het IERS in een voorspelling, zodat ook in 2021 de astronomische tijd het hele jaar zal blijven achterlopen op de tijd op onze klokken.
Heel voorzichtig beginnen sommige tijdturvers daarom zelfs te denken aan de invoering van een negatieve schrikkelseconde om de klok weer in het gareel te krijgen. Dan zouden we een minuut krijgen van maar 59 in plaats van 60 seconden, waarmee één hele kloktik uit de UTC-boeken verdampt. Dat is nog nooit eerder gedaan.
“Ik denk dat het nog even duurt voordat zoiets nodig is”, zegt Dierikx. “Maar theoretisch is het zeker mogelijk. Onze apparatuur kan seconden toevoegen, maar óók weer uitgummen. Dat zou een leuk unicum zijn.”
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ORIGINAL PHOENIX LIGHTS UFO FOOTAGE MARCH 17TH 1997!
ORIGINAL PHOENIX LIGHTS UFO FOOTAGE MARCH 17TH 1997!
The secret space program has been under development since the Nazi era. The Secret Space Program It’s finally time to disclose some information about the Secret Space Program. The hidden purpose of this secret space program was to set the stage for the takeover of the planet by the Draconian / Reptilian.
This takeover scheme will fail and soon the Light forces will wipe out the Cabal, the remnant of the planet’s Draconian rule. The secret space program was launched in Germany shortly after World War I. In 1934, many races of the Draco Empire contacted world leaders and signed secret agreements to enslave large numbers of humans instead of providing advanced military technology. This is the reason why great technological progress was recognized in the 1930s. All of these projects needed financial backing, which was funded by privately owned gold confiscated by the 1934 Gold Reserve Act. During World War II, Draconian forces attempted a public takeover of the planet through Nazi Germany. This attempt was unsuccessful due to the Allied victory, and the Draconian set up a hidden plan. They transferred about 2000 Nazi leaders to the United States by Operation Paperclip, but many of these Nazi Germans still form the shadow government backbone that dominates the events on this planet. I will. After the war, hundreds of thousands of tonnes of Yamashita Gold were incorporated into the trade program to fund the construction of large-scale systems at global underground military bases. These bases were built to set the stage for the Draconian invasion planned to take place in the 2000s. In the 1950s, the secret space program was expanded with plans to build bases on the Moon and Mars. Construction of these bases beneath the globe has progressed, with 120 bases in the United States and 400 bases worldwide in the mid-1990s. These projects required additional funding, and 25% of all human salaries on the planet were invested in these secret projects through tax paper money.
65 Different Types Of Aliens That Might Exist
Amazing footage of Donald Trump speaking about aliens in Area 51. Further on in the video you could see that some type of UFO crafts started flying over the White House. Later on in the video you see a real alien on camera. Israel space chief claims that Donald Trump knows about aliens!
Mysterious Third Monolith Appears in California – DECEMBER 2 2020
They Built a Massive Antarctica Underground City Complex, Dr Michael Salla
They Built a Massive Antarctica Underground City Complex, Dr Michael Salla
They Built a Massive City Complex Underground in Antarctica, Dr Michael Salla
Topics discussed in this LARP “Live Action Role Play” Entertainment Purposes Podcast
The Race for Space Supremacy
Building 300 Squadrons of Spaceships for Space Dominance
Less then 180 Days, May is the Month for Disclosure Plato, Atlantis, Antarctica, the Hub of Atlantis Patent to Hyper City Electromagnetic Field Generator Patent Tesla Shield to Protect Cities , 5 Navy Patents Will Revolutionize The World
Space Travel Space Carrier Battle Groups Hybrid Aerospace Underwater Craft Massive Underground Complexes Built Under Ice in Antarctica 4th Reich Built Their Spaceships in Antarctica Underground Cities Space Pearl Harbor Space Futures 2060 & The Mapping of 8 Different Scenarios The Star Trek Future
Astrange black humanoid-like object hovering in the sky over Chillicothe, Ohio. The figure changing directions and changes shapes.
Back in 2019 (2019-05-17) the witness noticed something in the sky hovering around on which he pulled out his camera and recorded what he saw.
To see the strange object better, he zoomed in, watched it, zoomed out and zoomed in again. It was that moment the black figure started changing shapes.
Since the figure was far away in the sky he didn't get a good look at it until he went inside his house to get a better look out of the light and what he saw was something unexplainable. Mufon.
This daytime UFO footage of triangular formation making maneuvers in the sky above Argentina was filmed on 9th January 2021 and submitted to me through our Facebook page.
ASTRONAUTS COULD FUEL THEIR RETURN TRIP USING MARS’ ATMOSPHERE
ASTRONAUTS COULD FUEL THEIR RETURN TRIP USING MARS’ ATMOSPHERE
SPACEX
DAN ROBITZSKI
Pit Stop
Scientists are working on a portable system that could help astronauts on Mars fuel up for their return trip using the atmosphere around them.
Using atmospheric carbon dioxide and water from ice on and beneath the Martian surface, the University of California, Irvine scientists believe it would be possible to create methane, which could then be used as the rocket fuel that carries them home, according to Space.com. The work is still in the proof-of-concept stage, but if it holds up it could make long-distance space travel considerably more realistic.
Simple Plan
The International Space Station already uses a similar two-step process to convert water into breathable oxygen. The key to the UC Irvine team’s research, however, is that it introduces a zinc catalyst that bypasses the water synthesis process and brings the chemical reaction down to a single step. That would make any fully-developed fuel generating system more compact, according to research published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, and easier to transport to Mars and elsewhere.
“The zinc is fundamentally a great catalyst,” UC Irvine physicist and lead researcher Houlin Xin said in a press release. “It has time, selectivity and portability — a big plus for space travel.”
“The process we developed bypasses the water-to-hydrogen process, and instead efficiently converts CO2 into methane with high selectivity,” Xin added.
Step One
So far, Xin and his team found that the chemical reaction works in a lab under Mars-like conditions, but they haven’t yet tested it in any sort of real-world scenario.
“Lots of engineering and research is needed before this can be fully implemented,” Xin said in the release. “But the results are very promising.”
Ancient UFOs And Alien Life Contact: Have They Visited Us Before?
Ancient UFOs And Alien Life Contact: Have They Visited Us Before?
According to ancient writings, aliens have visited Earth since the beginning of mankind.
UFOs, aliens and alien abductions are a hot topic thanks to TV shows likeUFO HuntersandV, along with movies likeThe Fourth Kind. The question needs to be asked, are UFOs and aliens real?
There seems to be a wealth of evidence to support the belief that UFOs and aliens exist. If this is true, some may be led to wonder “How long have aliens been visiting the Earth? Some researchers and scholars believe that Earth has been visited by extraterrestrials since mankind began.
The Sumerian Creation Story
The Sumerian creation story, called Epic of Creation, tells of a twelfth planet in the solar system called Nibiru. It is alleged to pass by Earth only once every 3,600.
Some people refer to it as Planet X. The story goes on to tell how beings from that planet, known as the Anunnaki, came down to Earth. In the Bible, these people are known as the Nefilim.
If this story seems strange, it gets even stranger. According to the translation of ancient Sumerian tablets, the aliens who visited Earth at the dawn of mankind are said to have genetically altered early man, advancing mankind to the Homo sapiens that exist today.
This story holds that the first genetically altered man was known as Adam, which coincides with the Bible story of the first person God created. This was done to create slave labor for the extraterrestrials who came to Earth for mining purposes.
Supporters of this theory cite Genesis 1: 26 which says, “Let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness.” If this is true, it would explain what some believe is a missing link in Darwin’s theory.
Ancient Hindu Texts and UFOs
Mahabharata, Ramayana, and Bhagavata-Purana are three ancient Hindu texts that date back to at least 3000 B.C. These texts tell of flying machines, called vimanas, that could travel to other worlds.
In addition, Vedic writings tell of Devas, who were known as gods from other planets, that would visit Earth, coming in flying machines.
India, according to Dr.V. Raghavan, retired head of the Sanskrit department of India’s prestigious University of Madras, was alone in playing host to extraterrestrials in prehistory. Dr. Raghavan contends that centuries-old documents in Sanskrit (the classical language of India and Hinduism) prove that aliens from outer space visited his nation.
“Fifty years of researching this ancient works convinces me that there are livings beings on other planets, and that they visited earth as far back as 4,000 B.C., ”
The scholar says.
“There is a just a mass of fascinating information about flying machines, even fantastic science fiction weapons, that can be found in translations of the Vedas (scriptures), Indian epics, and other ancient Sanskrit text.”
In the Mahabharata (writings), there is notion of divine lighting and ray weapons, even a kind of hypnotic weapon. And in the Ramayana (writings), there is a description of Vimanas, or flying machines, that navigated at great heights with the aid of quicksilver and a great propulsive wind. “These were space vehicles similar to the so-called flying saucers reported throughout the world today.
The Ramayana even describes a beautiful chariot which ‘arrived shining, a wonderful divine car that sped through the air’. In another passage, there is mention of a chariot being seen ‘sailing overhead like a moon.'”
In the ancient Vymanka-Shastra (science of aeronautics), there is a description of a Vimana: “An apparatus which can go by its own force, from one place to place or globe to globe.”
Dr. Raghavan points out, “The text’s revelations become even more astounding. Thirty-one parts-of which the machine consists-are described, including a photographing mirror underneath. The text also enumerates 16 kinds of metal that are needed to construct the flying vehicle: “But only three of them are known to us today. The rest remain untranslatable.”
Francis Crick and the Origins of Life on Earth
Francis Crick is a Nobel Prize winner, responsible for helping to discover the structure of DNA. Along with fellow scientist, Leslie Orgel, Crick theorizes that life on Earth could have begun on another planet, with organisms being sent to Earth as an act of seeding.
This theory is based on the lack of the element molybdenum, (important in enzymatic reactions,) on Earth, that could be abundant on another planet.
Sighting and writings of UFOs have been recorded throughout mankind’s history. Although it takes many people out of their comfort zone, historical evidence needs to be considered when considering if Earth has been visited by extraterrestrials before.
ALL RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011
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A Disturbance in the Field
A Disturbance in the Field
By Dr. Amira Val Baker, Resonance Science Foundation Research Scientist
The Earth’s magnetic field appears to be shifting and geologists don’t know why.
Like most spinning systems, such as stars and planets, the Earth’s magnetic field is assumed to be generated through the motion of electrically conducting fluids – such as a liquid iron core as is thought to be the case for the Earth. All being well, in a perfect idealized ‘physics’ world, the magnetic field would align with the axis of spin. However, the reality is that the Earth’s magnetic field is aligned at an 11-degree angle to the spin axis, hovering somewhere over Canada. The exact location is variable and over the last 180 years the magnetic north pole has been migrating northwestward with movements of up to 25 miles per year.
Variation of the poles is normal and, in some cases, can result in complete reversal of the poles. This can be seen in the magnetic fingerprints stored in ancient rocks, which show that the poles have flipped every 200,000 to 300,00 years for the last 20 million years. The last flip occurred around 780,000 years ago so some say we are well over due for a flip! If a flip did occur, then our north compass would point towards the south pole and vice versa. This could result in some confusion, especially for animals with internal compasses, such as birds. As well, when a flip has occurred in the past it has been associated with a temporary weakening of the field, which would remove the capabilities of Earth’s protective shield exposing us to increased levels of radiation. Read more here.
Understanding the magnetic field in all its complexities has been progressing with the continuous development of computer simulations – however it still has a long way to go in furthering our understanding and reaching a satisfactory predictive model.
The World Magnetic Model (WMM) utilizes these computer simulations to spatially represent the Earth’s magnetic field. All modern navigation systems rely on it – from the systems that steer ships at sea to Google maps on smart phones. Its accuracy is paramount and is therefore updated every 5 years to account for the latest variations. The next update was scheduled for 2020, however, recently the magnetic field has been changing so rapidly and erratically that it has to be updated now – with the update set for the end of this month!
In the unified physics perspective all fields and forces are the result of a fundamental toroidal dynamic. The magnitude of the force and the associated effects of the field will depend on the characteristics of the system and will thus be of varying significance. The Earth is spinning and will therefore have a magnetic field which can be measured in terms of the exerted torque. Typically, the magnetic field will be aligned with the spin axis of the planet or spinning system. However, both internal disturbances and/or external perturbations could affect both the local and global symmetry and overall alignment, which is what we could be experiencing now. Maybe the unified physics approach can help shed some light on these complexities. Watch this space!
In the end, the DNA results of the elongated skull resembling an Alien were made public (Video)
In the end, the DNA results of the elongated skull resembling an Alien were made public (Videos)
It’s been 5 long years since the original Paracas elongated skulls have been discovered and yet we needed until 2020 to actually finally get DNA results from them.
Through them, we realized the fact that the elongated skulls are actually not human after all and that they’re unlike anything we’ve ever seen before.
Although they weren’t going to say it, it’s pretty clear that these are actually alien in nature which makes them about as close to extraterrestrial beings as scientists have ever been to acknowledging.
Brien Forester, one of the most prominent scientists of our generation was actually the one to investigate the Peru skulls.
He stated that he even had his top radiologist scan them out and the results were uncanny, to say the least.
They needed a very long time to actually get permission from the Ministry of Culture of Peru to investigate the DNA of the Paracas but the long wait was worth it in the end it seems.
What’s also interesting to mention is that the U2E, H, H1A, and H2 cells from the skulls don’t originate from the American continent either which would imply that they’re actually coming from somewhere else also.
Only 12 of the 18 skulls could actually be tested because the DNA had degraded so much over the years that only 12 of them were still usable. Still, the team managed to extract 58 samples from them which were tested in two different laboratories and the results were quite literally “out of this world” to say the least.
Joe Biden is the United States presidential election winner, but his plans for NASA remain unclear. And while citizens digest the election results, the space industry is left wondering what comes next.
President-elect of the United States Joe Biden speaking with supporters at a community event at Sun City MacDonald Ranch in Henderson, Nevada.
Shortly before 4 a.m. (12:00 UTC) last week (January 7, 2021), Congress confirmed Democrat Joe Biden as the United States presidential election winner. Vice President Mike Pence, presiding over the joint session, announced the tally, 306-232. Whatever your political leanings, if you are a space fan, you watched closely during the Donald Trump administration as it supported NASA’s long-term goal of sending astronauts to Mars. And you saw our nation’s course change during Trump’s tenure to a short-term goal of returning the next man and first woman to the moon by 2024, with the Artemis program. Overall – under Donald Trump – America’s gaze shifted more strongly to human missions to the moon and to Mars. Will that focus continue under President Joe Biden? How can NASA expect to fare under Biden?
Here is some context. In 2017, Trump appointed Jim Bridenstine, a Republican congressman from Oklahoma, to run NASA. The Congress – and the science and space communities – were caught off guard because NASA is typically run by a scientist or a former astronaut or other apolitical space expert. Bridenstine was eventually confirmed by the Senate in April 2018, more than seven months after his appointment. Despite his lack of space or science background, in two years as NASA administrator he appeared to gain the respect of many. Immediately after Biden’s election, however, in early November 2020, Bridenstine announced he would resign.
More context. The wonderful missions out into our solar system that we hear so much about – the much-loved Mars fleet, New Horizons’ dramatic sweep past Pluto, Cassini’s 13 years at Saturn and so on – are robotic missions. The workhorse missions to understand our own Earth and sun are robotic missions. There’s been a decades-long attempt to balance the smaller robotic missions like these, which bear so much fruit, with the bigger, flashier, more expensive missions that could carry human beings into the solar system. The decision to launch a Cassini or a New Horizons has to be made decades in advance; indeed, some of the most visible and stirring robotic missions of this century so far were the lifetime work of scientists begun in the last decades of the 20th century. Why can’t we have both kinds of missions? Why indeed? But it does seem that – in terms of the space program since it began in the late 1950s – the focus has shifted between human missions and robotic missions. That’s just something to bear in mind.
How will the U.S. space program change under a President Joe Biden? Biden is a known quantity in many ways, having served for decades in the Senate and eight years as vice president in the Obama administration. But his plans for NASA and America’s space program are less clear.
The Biden campaign made little mention of its space priorities, apart from a few statements made during the Crew Dragon Demo 2 launch on May 30, 2020, the first launch of NASA astronauts from American soil since 2011. Specifically, Biden wrote on his website:
As president, I look forward to leading a bold space program that will continue to send astronaut heroes to expand our exploration and scientific frontiers through investments in research and technology to help millions of people here on Earth.
The Democratic Party platform – a practical list of Democratic Party objectives for the next four years – was proposed to the 2020 Platform Committee at its meeting on July 27, 2020. While thorough in its claims to upholding national health, economic growth, and racial equity, among other things, its only mention of the space program was condensed to a few lines. However brief, it was considered to be promising in the opinion of John Logsdon, the founder of George Washington University’s Space Policy Institute. The Democratic platform not only endorsed NASA’s current plans, but mentioned its priorities ranging from science and technology development to continued operation of the International Space Station and human space exploration:
Democrats continue to support NASA and are committed to continuing space exploration and discovery. We believe in continuing the spirit of discovery that has animated NASA’s human space exploration, in addition to its scientific and medical research, technological innovation, and educational mission that allows us to better understand our own planet and place in the universe. We will strengthen support for the United States’ role in space through our continued presence on the International Space Station, working in partnership with the international community to continue scientific and medical innovation. We support NASA’s work to return Americans to the moon and go beyond to Mars, taking the next step in exploring our solar system. Democrats additionally support strengthening NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Earth observation missions to better understand how climate change is impacting our home planet.
From what we can gather, two major impending changes are likely.
First, a Biden administration could strengthen NASA and NOAA’s Earth-observing capabilities, with the goal of better understanding climate change. Lori Garver, the NASA deputy administrator during the Obama administration, was a key speaker at the SpaceVision 2020 convention on November 7 and 8, 2020. She said:
Managing the Earth’s ability to sustain human life and biodiversity will likely, in my view, dominate a civil space agenda for a Biden-Harris administration.
Second, although it supports a human return to the moon, a Biden administration has made no specific mention of launch dates. Launching humans to the moon in 2024 as part of the Artemis mission was the Trump administration’s timeline. There is speculation that the Biden administration will, at the very least, slow down the Artemis program, perhaps freeing up money for Earth science and other priorities elsewhere in the agency. On December 20, 2020, the United States government’s two houses of Congress agreed on NASA’s final budget for fiscal year 2021. In the report accompanying the bill, Senate appropriators noted that the looming uncertainty “makes it difficult to analyze the future impacts that funding the accelerated moon mission will have on NASA’s other important missions.” Wendy Whitman Cobb, associate professor of Strategy and Security Studies, U.S. Air Force School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, said
I don’t think Artemis will get canceled. I also don’t think it will get any more money than what it’s currently getting.
On November 10, the Biden administration announced the rosters of the agency review teams that will fan out across the federal government to gather information and guide the Biden administration’s planning. Garver, who led the Obama administration’s transition, commented:
The transition teams really come in to see how things are doing and make recommendations going forward.
NASA chief Jim Bridenstine speaking in December 2019, in front of the newly completed SLS core stage for the Artemis 1 mission. Days after Joe Biden’s November election, Bridenstine announced his January 20, 2021, resignation. Who will replace him?
A key priority of Biden’s space focus will be his selection of a new NASA administrator. He has so far been quiet about his choice, but there’s been plenty of speculation concerning potential candidates. That list is dominated by women. For example, Pam Melroy, a former NASA astronaut who flew on three shuttle missions, is a likely choice. Other possibilities include Wanda Austin, former president and chief executive of the Aerospace Corporation, and Gretchen McClain, a former NASA official who later worked in industry and serves on the boards of several companies.
Past transitions suggest that a new administrator for NASA might not come until months after the January 20 inauguration. After being inaugurated in January 2009, President Obama didn’t nominate Charlie Bolden as administrator (and Garver as deputy administrator) until May 2009; the Senate confirmed them in July. Bridenstine, despite emerging as a top candidate for NASA administrator days after Trump won the presidential election in November 2016, was only nominated in September 2017.
Artist’s concept of an astronaut on the moon, gazing back at Earth, via NASA’s Artemis program.
Bottom line: Democrat Joe Biden will be the next U.S. President. What are his plans for NASA and America’s space program? We predict a focus on Earth observation, especially that related to climate change. And we join many others in predicting that the goal of launching the next man and first woman to the moon in the Artemis program will be pushed back from 2024.
As NASA prepares for its upcoming Artemis mission, which will return humans to the lunar surface for the first time in over 50 years, the space agency needs to upgrade its navigation system to make for a smoother ride in the cosmic void.
This week, NASA announced that its team of engineers from the Space Communications and Navigations (SCaN) program are developing a new, more accurate navigation system for the Artemis mission. The new system will improve timing, precise and responsive maneuvers, reduce cost, and allowing for autonomous, onboard orbit and trajectory determination.
NASA will upgrade its space navigation system to ensure a smoother ride for its Artemis astronauts. NASA
Today, spacecraft flying below about 1,800 miles in altitude can rely on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals, which are a constellation of satellites that provide signals from space that transmit positioning and timing data to receivers located down on Earth.
For us down on Earth, GNSS signals enable our navigation systems and are also used for banking transactions, cellular networks, and telecommunications. Meanwhile, while flying through space, spacecraft use these signals to determine their location, velocity, and time the same way we use our phones to navigate on Earth, according to NASA.
What is GNSS and how does it work?
THE PROBLEM
However, as spacecraft travel beyond 1,800 miles in altitude, the GNSS signals are not able to reach them. Instead, the spacecraft begin relying on signals received from the opposite side of the Earth, extending over the planet.
THE SOLUTION
But NASA engineers believe they have found a way to extend the GNSS signals as they reach for the Moon.
Dr. Ben Ashman, a NASA navigation engineer, said in a statement: “Our simulations show that GPS can be extended to lunar distances by simply augmenting existing high-altitude GPS navigation systems with higher-gain antennas on user spacecraft.
"GPS and GNSS could play an important role in the upcoming Artemis missions from launch through lunar surface operations.”
Rather than receiving signals from a single GNSS constellation, simulations created by NASA's team of engineers have shown that that receiving signals from different constellations at the same time would improve the mission’s ability to calculate its location.
Beyond the simulations, NASA is planning on testing this out in real life with the upcoming Lunar GNSS Receiver Experiment (LuGRE). The space agency is planning to land LuGRE in the Moon's Mare Crisium basin in the year 2023.
Once it's on the lunar surface, the spacecraft will be the first to receive GNSS signals on the Moon.
The data gathered from this, hopefully successful, experiment will be used to develop GNSS systems that can be used by future missions to the Moon.
The Artemis mission aims to land humans on the Moon no earlier than the year 2024.
The purpose of the Artemis program is not only to return humans to the Moon, but establish a presence on the orbiting rock and use the Moon to propel us to further destinations — such as Mars:
There is a “Lost City” in Colombia much older than Machu Picchu
There is a “Lost City” in Colombia much older than Machu Picchu
” Lost City ” … This is how it is called in modern times. Founded as “Teyuna” by the pre-Hispanic aborigines of the Colombian jungle.
Teyuna means ” origin of the peoples of the Earth . ” It was built 1,100 meters high, with 169 terraces carved in stone. Ciudad Perdida formed the center of Tayrona culture , its religious and commercial center. It is estimated that it was built about 600 years before Machu Picchu of the Incas and that there are still 9 square kilometers to explore of it.
It is known as a type of Colombian ” Machu Picchu ” and was rediscovered in the 1970s . It is located in the middle of the jungle of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta . Archaeologists have concluded that it was founded in 660 AD. C.
History of the Lost City of Tayuna
It has 169 stone terraces but it is still estimated that there are 9,000 square meters left ready to be explored. Its constructions include houses, squares, ceremonial centers, cobbled paths, bridges and aqueducts .
Another interesting construction is a hypnotic spiral staircase that leads to a ceremonial center , as well as a rock that could be a map of the city , but has also been called a “map of the mind . ”
Teyuna was abandoned between the years 1550 and 1600 when the Spanish began to invade the Pacific coast of Colombia. Likewise, the Tayrona also received European syphilis and smallpox and there their people began to drastically reduce . The Wiwa tribe are their descendants , a very spiritual tribe connected with the natural environment.
“Rediscovery” of the Lost City
It took 372 years for it to be rediscovered by modernity. It was in 1972 , when bird hunters stumbled upon moss-covered stairs in the Buritaca River sector. They cleared and broke the tracks to reach the Teyuna platforms .
There they found tombs , which they excavated to discover treasures , artifacts and idols of gold . The Colombian authorities did not investigate the place until 1975 , when the existence of the Lost City was confirmed. Then archaeological excavations and restorations began.
To get to the pre-Hispanic city in the heights, you can only take a path on foot that takes several days . Then you have to climb about 1,200 steps . This requires good physical condition!
The Lost City of Tayona is one of the largest in pre-Columbian America and shows the high level of civil engineering of this almost forgotten Tayrona town . And there is still much to discover, with its 9 kilometers hidden among the vegetation!
From the “This is probably not a good thing but aren’t they cute?” files comes news out of Africa of the discoveries of two dwarf giraffes – short-legged males half the size of normal giraffes. Conservationists found the first in a national park in Uganda in 2015 and the second on a private farm in Namibia in 2018. Their discoveries have been kept quiet to protect the unusual creatures, but Michael Brown, a conservation science fellow with the Giraffe Conservation Foundation and the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute who discovered the Ugandan dwarf, recently let the tiny giraffes out of their big bags with a paper in the journal BMC Research Noteson the condition both suffer from – skeletal dysplasia.
“Skeletal dysplasias, cartilaginous or skeletal disorders that sometimes result in abnormal bone development, are seldom reported in free-ranging wild animals. Here, we use photogrammetry and comparative morphometric analyses to describe cases of abnormal appendicular skeletal proportions of free-ranging giraffe in two geographically distinct taxa: a Nubian giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis camelopardalis) in Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda and an Angolan giraffe (Giraffa giraffa angolensis) on a private farm in central Namibia.”
Normal baby giraffes seen here) have the same proportions as adults.
While they’re both giraffes (photos here), Brown points out that they represent different subspecies (there are nine subspecies of giraffes) – the Nubian giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis camelopardalis) is found in Uganda, Kenya, eastern South Sudan and southwestern Ethiopia, while the Angolan giraffe (Giraffa giraffa angolensis) roams northern Namibia, southwestern Zambia, Botswana, and western Zimbabwe. While normally reaching 18.7 ft. (5.7 m) in height, Uganda’s “Gimli” (named for the dwarf in the “Lord of the Rings” trilogy – did you really need to be told?) is only 9-foot-4-inches (2.8 m), while Namibia’s Nigel is only 8-1/2 feet tall (2.6). As The New York Times reports, the giraffes have seemingly normal necks but extremely short legs, making them look like normal giraffe bodies on horse legs.
“It’s easy to imagine how this might make them more susceptible to predation since they lack the ability to effectively run and kick, which are two of the giraffe’s most effective anti-predator tactics. Additionally, given the mechanics of giraffe mating, I’d speculate that for both of these giraffes, mating would be physically challenging.”
Cute but not exactly conducive to survival in the wild or creating future generations of Gimli and Nigel juniors, says Dr. Brown. For one thing, since they’re both males, they would have to attempt to mate with females nearly double their height – a feat that would get millions of views on YouTube but not much, if any, success. Besides, giraffes in general aren’t exactly doing well as a species and even the fittest, tallest and fastest are still having a tough time outrunning their biggest enemy – humans.
A look at how big normal giraffes really are.
“Although seldomly observed in wild animals, cases of skeletal dysplasia in captive animals have been associated with inbreeding and a lack of genetic diversity.”
Brown and his colleagues could not determine the cause of Gimli’s and Nigel’s dwarfism, so they’ve been trying to monitor them to look for clues. That has proven to be difficult – it’s tough to track little giraffes. While Nigel was seen in July 2020, Gimli has been missing since March 2017. Brown hopes that both giraffes will show up again soon so he can “get some interesting stories and neat little wrinkles about how animals that have these types of conditions cope with changing environments.”
Let’s hope they’re not just coping but thriving and that it’s not our environment itself that caused their skeletal dysplasia.
Denise Stoner is a well-respected UFO researcher and someone who has been very generous in sharing with me her UFO experiences (and those of her family too). Many of those accounts concern both Men in Black and Women in Black. Denise told me a particularly creepy story from June 2018, that involved her husband. There’s a good reason why I mention this: it ties in with other, similar cases I have on file. Denise emailed me the following: “My husband’s run-in with a possible WIB was a few days ago when he decided he would take a bike ride around a lake he travels around on a regular basis and knows it well. If he is feeling pretty energetic, he begins near a pool and park complex, rides the trail nearby and then turns into an area that has a Vet memorial then on around the lake that used to be part of the Navy Base – now new housing. When he entered the path, there was a woman jogging with one of those jogging strollers but the top was down so he could not see a baby inside.”
Denise continued: “This woman had sunglasses on that wrapped around her head and looked way too large for her head. She was thin and about 6 ft. tall. She smiled at my husband as he passed on his bike. As he reached about the halfway point, there she was, in front of him. So, he thought she might have come around the other way, which made sense; but then he realized she had been behind him, pulled in front and did a U-turn so he would notice her. She smiled at him once again, which he felt was really odd and the smile was not normal. She was very thin and pale skinned. He still did not feel uncomfortable because not much scares him. He just thought she was a weird person.”
And, finally, from Denise: “He has figured out that she would have to be running at 26 mph in order to catch up to him [who was] doing 12 mph on his bike. He felt an odd sense of concern. He did not stop but slowed down to about 6 mph I believe. As he approached her, she dropped her sunglasses to show him huge black eyes that we at least 4X human size and they wrapped around the side of her head. She grinned again and this time he noticed she did not have a real nose; plus her mouth was long and thin with no teeth – only a dark gap. She stared hard at him; the hair on his arms stood up as he continued on. Once he reached the exit, he thought of turning back to see where she had gone if anywhere, looked back as he made the turn and could not see her at all. He still felt afraid.”
You’ll see that I placed the following words in italics: “he noticed she did not have a real nose” and “no teeth.” There’s a reason why I mention that. As totally bizarre as it sounds, this is not the first time I have heard stories of Men in Black and Women in Black with missing body parts. One story comes from Springfield, Ohio and dates from October 1973. The witness was a woman who had two black helicopters hover over her home, late at night, after encountering a bright, large ball of light briefly land on her property. The next morning there was a knock on the door. You guessed it: it was a Man in Black. The man nodded in the direction of a military ID card pinned on his jacket and claimed to have come from Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. He clearly did not come from the facility. The woman – Janet K – told me she reached out and shook the man’s black-gloved right hand, something that surprised the strange character and shocked her to the core. The reason why Janet was so shocked? She said that it was as if the glove was completely empty. It appeared to be affixed to the sleeve of the MIB’s jacket, yet there was clearly nothing inside the glove. It’s hardly surprising that Janet slammed the door and called her husband. He raced home, only to find the MIB gone.
I have another story for you, this one from New York, and from a woman who is a long-time alien abductee and who was visited by a pale-looking Man in Black in July of 1982. The woman had had an abduction experience the night before. And the following day there was one of those dark-suited creeps demanding to speak with her. She didn’t let him in – mainly because of the MIB’s appearance: his lips were “not formed” said the woman. I asked her what she meant by that and she said it was as if the lips had been burned or “melted away.” Abnormally-small ears, and even a complete lack of ears, have been reported too. A total lack of eyelashes and eyebrows are not uncommon. And I have one case of a Woman in Black who had not a single nail on any of her fingers or thumbs. Just rubbery, fleshy skin. And people think the M.I.B. and the W.I.B. are government agents? Not a chance!
The world of ufology sometimes seems to be littered with various insiders and whistleblowers stepping forth out of the shadows to bring forward amazing and sensational inside information. Such stories are a dime a dozen in the field, and often pose as a minefield of bold claims and often contradictory information that sometimes leave us even more lost than we already were. Many of these claimed informants come to us with solid reputations and backgrounds, making it even harder to parse out what is really going on. One of these must certainly be an ex-Army officer, who claims to have been heavily involved with reverse engineering alien tech in the wake of the Roswell UFO crash, and who claims that the aliens that people from all around the world have reported seeing aren’t what they seem to be.
The history and credentials of Philip James Corso don’t read like those of a lunatic or quack. After joining the U.S. Army in 1942, he served as an intelligence officer in Europe before going on to become chief of the US Counter Intelligence Corps in Rome, and through all of this he carved out a reputation as a bit of a war hero when he arranged for the safe passage of 10,000 Jewish World War II refugees out of Rome to the British Mandate of Palestine, and he was also made the personal emissary to Giovanni Battista Montini at the Vatican. In later years he served in the Korean War as well, acting as Chief of the Special Projects branch of the Intelligence Division, Far East Command, keeping track of POW camps in North Korea, and he would go on to serve on the staff of President Eisenhower’s National Security Council from 1953 to 1957, before in 1961 becoming the Chief of the Pentagon’s Foreign Technology desk in Army Research and Development. Pretty impressive credentials, indeed, but he would also go on to become firmly entrenched in the field of ufology, and make some rather spectacular claims that have remained controversial and which threaten to overshadow his eminent military accomplishments.
Philip James Corso
In the 1990s, Corso suddenly became intensely interested in the UFO phenomena, and in 1997 published a book called The Day After Roswell, in which he chronicles his involvement in dealing with extraterrestrial technology recovered from the infamous UFO crash at Roswell, New Mexico in 1947. In the bestselling book, he would claim that Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter, the first director of Central Intelligence, had put together a top-secret group tasked with studying retrieved alien technology for the purpose of reverse engineering it for corporate use, which he claims led to such remarkable innovations as fiber optics, lasers, transistors, night vision devices, integrated circuit chips, and Kevlar material, all gleaned from alien tech. Other claims he made were that the “Star Wars” Strategic Defense Initiative was not only to engage incoming enemy warheads, but also to fight off hostile alien spacecraft, that the government was hiding the truth about UFOs and aliens in order to profit from it in the lucrative tech-sector, and also that the alien bodies of the “Grey” aliens that were found at Roswell, also called “Zeta Reticulans,” were not biological entities at all, but rather “Bio robots.” Wait, what?
Corso would go in to some detail about how alien bodies actually had been recovered from the Roswell crash, but that an examination of them showed that they did not seem to be actual biological lifeforms at all, but rather engineered “bio machines” that were created by their alien masters for the purpose of carrying out the arduous long-distance missions to other worlds, sort of like very elaborate and sophisticated drones. He cited several pieces of supposed evidence that supported this claim, such as that the aliens had devices implanted within them to allow them to directly connect to their spacecraft, and that they had no normal internal organs and a complete lack of any digestive system, among others. He would elaborate:
Perhaps we should consider these UBOs (extraterrestrial biological objects), as indicated in autopsy reports, as humanoid robots, and not as life forms specifically designed for traveling long distances in space and time. Although doctors could not understand how their body works in terms of chemistry, they found that it did not contain any basic elements unknown to people. Of particular interest was the liquid that served in their place of blood. In these biological objects, the circulatory and lymphatic systems were combined. If there was any kind of nutrient exchange in these systems, then it could only occur through the skin or some external protective coating that they wore, because they did not have a digestive system or a way through which the remnants of food leave the body.
Corso claimed that all aliens that had been encountered by abductees had likely actually been these bio-robots, and that the real alien overseers had never directly been to Earth at all. It was one of the more eyebrow-raising of his claims among many, and the book made a lot of waves at the time. Corso was invited to talk on the paranormal talk programs Dreamland and Coast to Coast, where he talked with the legendary Art Bell about his strange experiences and shed a little more light on it all. Of course, there were detractors as well, with The Guardian including the book in its list of “Top Ten literary hoaxes” in 2001. The book has generated some debate and doubt even within the ufology field, with many dismissing it as half-fiction at best, but it has also served to generate discussion on Roswell and government cover-ups, further fueled when Corso himself suddenly died of a heart attack on July 16, 1998, less than a year after his book was published. Coincidence or government silencing campaign? Who knows?
We are left to ask, is any of this true? There is very little to verify or independently corroborate any of it, leaving us with quite the amazing story with no way to prove it true or false. What we do know is that Corso has impeccable credentials, so it would seem odd for him to just make it all up. Is that what is going on here? There is no way for us to know, the book has been seen as extremely controversial even within the UFO field, and whether any of it is true or not, it is still a damn strange, wild ride at the very least.
Long cigar shaped UFO leaving San Nicolás de Los Ranchos volcano in México 28-Dec-2020
Long cigar shaped UFO leaving San Nicolás de Los Ranchos volcano in México 28-Dec-2020
Another great footage of a UFO activity near volcanoes in Mexico. This one was filmed near San Nicolás de Los Ranchos in southeastern Mexico on 28th December 2020.
Note peter2011:
for me this is clearly a condensation trail of an airplane that flies by high and happens to be (?) Just then filmed. What do you think about it? Let me know ...
UFO expert says ‘clock is ticking’ on possible seismic revelations
UFO expert says ‘clock is ticking’ on possible seismic revelations
Josh Layton
Nick Pope believes 2021 could be a highly significant year for UFO research with moves towards disclosure driven by the US
(picture: Nick Pope/file images)
A British UFO expert has said ‘the clock is ticking’ on new disclosures about the phenomenon that could have worldwide significance.
Nick Pope claimed that a task force set up by the US Government to examine the evidence has already shared some interim findings with its British counterparts.
Mr Pope, who ran the Government’s now-defunct UFO desk, has been following intriguing developments that he believes may lead to seismic revelations this year.
He said sources have told him that the Ministry of Defence (MoD) is looking into sightings despite its official position that it has no interest in UFOs.
Mr Pope spoke as the Senate Intelligence Committee waits for a detailed report on the phenomenon from the Director of National Intelligence at the Department of Defense, which is due this summer.
In March last year, the Pentagon piqued global interest in UFOs by releasing three declassified videos showing what it described as ‘unexplained aerial phenomena’.
Astonished navy fighter pilots filmed objects apparently moving at angles and speeds far outstripping any man-made craft. Curiously, the Pentagon released the videos without having any obligation to do so.
The trickle of clues has also included pictures of the secretive Area 51 military base, reported on by Metro.co.uk on Thursday, showing a strange triangular shape inside a hanger.
Nick Pope says a forthcoming US report on unexplained aerial phenomena is part of wider moves that may lead to significant revelations about UFOs
(Picture: Nick Pope)
Mr Pope said: There’s a momentum building up and there’s no smoke without fire.
‘The clock is now ticking on the Senate Intelligence Committee’s demand for a report on the UFO phenomenon from the Director of National Intelligence.
‘A response is due within 180 days of the enactment of the Covid-19 relief bill, because this bill contained the Intelligence Authorization Act, where the UFO requirement was articulated.
‘But the US Department of Defense has known since June of the committee’s request, and the US Navy’s Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP) Task Force is probably already working on drafting the response, so we may get it sooner than the late June deadline.This report, important though it may be, is only one part of a wider process.
‘There’s a lot going on and we’re going to see some big UFO stories in 2021.’
The former MoD official, now an author and commentator on the unexplained, believes that British officials have already had some foresight on the US research.
Mr Pope said: ‘I’m aware that the UAP Task Force has shared some interim findings with the UK and other allies, but I don’t know if the MoD has formally engaged with the US on this, or has simply noted the findings.
‘Officially, the position of the MoD is that they’re no longer interested, and haven’t been since UFO investigations were terminated at the end of 2009.
‘However, I understand from reliable and well-placed sources that this isn’t entirely correct, and that sightings are still being looked at, in the margins of other defence business, with terms like “UFO” being scrupulously avoided, to try to avoid creating Freedom of Information Act liability.
‘In relation to how the military investigates UFOs, radar data is important, but so is measurement and signature analysis.
‘This is a key part of the arsenal when it comes to military UFO research, but it’s a term unfamiliar to most of the UFO community.
In the future, spaced-based sensor systems currently in development, such as the Hypersonic and Ballistic Tracking Space Sensor, may have a big role to play. Technology will be the key to solving the UFO mystery.’
An unclassified photo said to have been widely distributed in the US Intelligence Community purportedly showing unidentified aerial phenomena
(Picture UAPTF)
Former Israeli space security chief Haim Eshed also heightened interest in the unexplained last month after claiming that aliens have made contact with humankind, with Donald Trump being aware but under instructions to keep it secret in order to prevent panic.
While there is no evidence to back up his claims, it demonstrated that no one country has command of the narrative.
‘The UFO phenomenon is global, so no single nation has a monopoly on any of this,’ Mr Pope said.
‘We know very little, for example, about what Russia and China know and think about the issue, or what their policy is with regard to the phenomenon.
‘And for all we know, another nation may have a key piece of the puzzle, and may suddenly and unexpectedly make a move.
‘Many people think the UN should take a coordinating role here.
The pentagon declassified and officially released three UFO videos last year posing the question of what else might be revealed
(Picture: US Department of Defence)
‘Last time I had a discussion with a senior UN official on this issue – admittedly 10 years ago now – they didn’t want such a role, but I think this might be something to watch in 2021.
‘I plan to keep track of all this because I believe people have a right to know.’
The MoD’s UFO desk was closed on the grounds that it served no defence purpose and was taking staff away from more valuable activities.
It was judged an inappropriate use of defence resources that had no benefit to the national security interest.
A spokesperson said: ‘Since 2009 the MoD no longer responds to reported UFO sightings, or investigates them as in over 50 years, no UFO report has revealed any evidence of a potential threat to the United Kingdom.’
I believe, with an unshakable conviction, in the reality of visitation. My belief is unwavering and incontestable because it is, primarily, based upon personal experience. I have: on two occasions, been witness to phenomena that can only be explained by acknowledging the presence of an alien intelligence. So I know, for sure, that we are not alone.
Such belief should not, however, be a cause for anyone to suspend their critical faculties and blindly accept all the evidence that is placed before them. Question everything. Accept nothing at face value. And strive to remain sceptical as you seek the truth.
Being a believer whilst – at the same time – maintaining a hypercritical outlook on all things UFO can, of course, cause problems for anyone that adopts this hard-line viewpoint. Those that reject the populist view: that refuse to accept the sanctity of someone else's sacred cows, are never going to be popular themselves. In extreme cases they might become isolated or even vilified and shunned by the wider community. But then truth can be a hard task master. Such is life.
So I do believe; but I do not believe everything. And nor should you.
For instance, I have a problem believing that an alien craft: along with its crew, belonging to a civilization that is – perhaps - millions of years more technologically advanced than we are, can cross the vast expanses of interstellar space only to arrive here and crash in the desert. How would this happen? What strange sequence of events could lead to this unlikely outcome? After all, we could – with our current level of technology – equip cars with scanning laser systems that would prevent them from colliding with the car in front. Yet these guys – travelling in a craft capable of circumventing Einstein's speed-of-light cosmological constant - couldn't avoid hitting an object the size of a planet? Further to this we know that the occupants of UFOs are monitoring our military hardware. This includes our jet aircraft that are equipped with ejector seats, flown by pilots kitted out with parachutes. Now, are we to believe that ETs haven't the knowledge or foresight to equip their own craft with equivalent escape systems? Come on! And when you think about it, doesn't categorizing such an extraordinary incident as a 'crash', seem a bit overly simplistic? Surely there is more to this phenomenon than that. Moreover, shouldn't we – at the very least – cast our speculative nets a bit wider to draw in other possible explanations for these highly suspect scenarios?
No, I'm afraid that – if simply describing this type of incident as a crash, and leaving it there, is the best that we can do – then we cannot be taking a close enough look at the complex reality of visitation. We have to be missing something.
So let us now explore another possibility and look at these events again; but this time from a starting point that I am going to propose. This starting point is entirely logical. I am going to suggest, to you, that all of these events were/are being deliberately staged. For it is when we begin to examine the, 'By whom?' and, 'For what reason?' aspects of my proposed scenario that this line of inquiry starts to get interesting.
To start we need to ask: who has the necessary resources required to falsify a crash event? There are really only two possible candidates that fit the bill here. And the intriguing thing about both of these is that – because this isn't a mutually exclusive, either or situation – both of them could be equally guilty. Our first candidate has to be, for obvious reasons, our own governments. And our second has to be – for reasons that will be made clear – none other than the Extraterrestrial himself.
Interested? Then please read on.
What we need – at this point – is to reference an actual incident: where deception might well have been involved, with which test the 'staged theory'. So why not go for broke here and throw the most celebrated crash incident of all time: Roswell, New Mexico, circa 1947, into the mix.
This incident was guaranteed to pass into UFO folklore from the outset, due to the fact that it was originally announced to the world by a United States Army Air Force press officer: Walter Haut, of the 509th Bomb Group. However, Haut's initial claim – that personnel from the 509th had recovered a 'flying disk' from a crash site near Roswell – would be retracted the very next day: July 9, 1947, by Roger M. Ramey, Commanding General of the Eighth Air Force. Official sources then mounted what appeared to be a damage limitation exercise; or, as some would have it, a cover-up. Press releases: issued by the military, now described the debris field found at the scene to be the result of a downed weather balloon breaking up as it hit the ground. These statements were backed-up by photographs showing fragments of aluminized material from just such a balloon (or something very similar), being shown to reporters by Major Jesse Marcel - an air force intelligence officer. Marcel had actually visited the crash site accompanied by Lt Col Sheridan Cavitt: head of counter intelligence at Roswell Army Air Field. Now why two relatively high ranking intelligence officers – with no technical personnel in attendance - should be part of the initial military response to the incident has never been made clear. Although this would make sense if the entire event was a staged disinformation operation concocted by American military intelligence.
So what then, are we looking at here? A crashed balloon or UFO? Or something else entirely?
The best evidence we have: that whatever had occurred at Roswell, wasn't the result of a UFO or weather balloon disintegrating after smashing into the ground, comes in the form of statements made by Mac Brazel. Brazel was the ranch operator who had originally discovered the debris field at the centre of the controversy. What follows is an extract from a report: featuring an interview with him, carried by the Roswell Daily Chronicle of 9 July 1947.
'Brazel said that he had previously found two weather balloons on the ranch, but that what he found this time did not in any way resemble either of these.'
Here are two more extracts: from the same report, in which our witness describes the crash scene.
(Brazel found): '...a large area of bright wreckage made up on rubber strips, tinfoil, a rather tough paper and sticks.'
(And what he didn't find): 'There was no sign of any metal in the area which might have been used for an engine and no sign of any propellers of any kind, although at least one paper fin had been glued onto some of the tinfoil.'
Now none of the materials mentioned above could possibly have belonged to a violently de-constructed spacecraft. And it is also highly unlikely: given Brazel's statement, that they were fragmented debris from a crashed weather balloon.
Furthermore, and perhaps more pertinently: why did Mac Brazel – himself – think that the material could have come from a crashed flying disk? For this is how he described his find to Sheriff George Wilcox on Monday 7 July: who had, in turn, passed the information to Major Marcel.
Mac Brazel's assessment of his discovery was, no doubt, influenced by a story that was circulating on the local grapevine in the Roswell area at the time. The story: which reads like a classic UFO sighting, was eventually reported by The Roswell Daily Record on July 8 (the day Haut dropped his bombshell).
'Mr. and Mrs. Dan Wilmot apparently were the only persons in Roswell who saw what they thought was a flying disk.
They were sitting on their porch...last Wednesday night (2 July: author) at about ten o'clock when a large glowing object zoomed out of the sky from the south-east, going in a north-westerly direction at a high rate of speed.'
The Wilmots owned a hardware store in the town and it would be reasonable to assume that Brazel knew them and so would have heard their story before it appeared in the local paper on the 8th.
There had also been other reports of people seeing 'flying discs' in the national newspapers. These included the seminally famous Kenneth Arnold sighting – which first gave us the term 'flying saucer' – which made the front-page of the Chicago Daily Tribune on 26 June 1947.
But is this all there was to suggest: to Brazel, that the debris he had found was the remnants of a shattered disk? Would he have reported his find in this manner: to an officer of the law, on the strength of a local rumour or reports in the press that he may or may not have read? I strongly suspect that there was something else that he found at the scene that suggested circularity. Maybe it was the overall distribution of the debris. Or perhaps there were hooped shaped components present that indicated a circular configuration. So what are we looking at here?
I'm going to hazard a guess. All of the different materials described by Brazel have one thing in common: they all weigh very little. So lets indulge in some backward engineering. Why lightweight materials? Wouldn't this indicate a pretty flimsy airframe? There is really only one conclusion that makes any sense here. We have to be looking at something that was designed and constructed to be lighter-than-air. We can – in fact - only be looking at a miniature, rigid airship: that would normally be filled with helium or hydrogen gas, configured to look like a flying saucer.
So now we need to examine how such a device would be used in practice. But - first of all – it would be prudent to establish the criteria used to determine where the fake flying saucers were to be deployed. Lets go with the obvious here: the most obvious being those areas where UFO activity had already been reported. Another consideration would have to population density in the target area. There has to be an audience (witnesses) present; but having too many people around that could stumble across the deployment process: IE see our flying saucer being off loaded by soldiers from the back of a truck, would not be desirable.
Next the method: the actual mechanics of deployment. The first problem to be overcome is getting the mock-up spacecraft to the actual site where it will be used to generate a 'UFO event'. I imagine the whole charade would have panned-out in the following fashion. The incident would start with a convoy of trucks leaving an army/air force base. The trucks would be carrying the pseudo spacecraft and enough soldiers to man a perimeter around the launch site and prevent members of the public intruding into the operational area. Upon reaching the carefully chosen location: a site hidden from direct view on the outskirts of a small, rural community, the saucer would be launched from the back of one of the trucks. This wouldn't be a complicated procedure. All that would be required was to remove the tarpaulin covering the truck's top secret cargo, and unfasten whatever was securing the lighter-than-air mock-up to the truck bed. Next a thin cable would be attached so that the flying saucer could be winched back down after it had been allowed to rise up into the air. Whilst airborne the saucer would, of course, be visible over quite a distance. This basic procedure could then be embellished with flashing lights, pyrotechnics and strange noises blasted out over a mobile sound system. Also, to top things off – and ensure that news of the event would spread far and wide – it would be a simple matter to plant stories in the press that described how the 'flying disk' zoomed across the sky and executed aerobatic manoeuvres that our aircraft couldn't possibly perform.
It wouldn't hurt, either, for the military to be seen in the area and connected in some way: in the minds of the local population, with the UFO event itself. In fact, a strange, oddly shaped object draped with a tarpaulin, spotted on the back of an army truck leaving the scene would now become: in the eye's of onlookers, a captured/recovered flying disk. Which is of course, exactly what they have been encouraged – by deception - to believe. Mission accomplished.
So much for the 'how' of our staged event. We now need to understand the 'why'.
Most people: who accept the reality of UFOs, believe that our government's reluctance to come clean on the issue stems from a desire to protect us from knowledge that we couldn't handle - that would unhinge our childlike, unsophisticated minds - and lead to mass panic that would bring civilization crashing down.
Well, actually, this isn't the case.
We are ruled through fear. Our governments carry a big stick and they are not averse to using it. If you doubt this, try stepping out of line and see what happens. However, what our governments don't want us to realize, is that it is they who are terrified by the presence of the Extraterrestrial. Why? Because ET carries a much bigger – and far more technologically advanced - stick than they do. UFOs and their occupants go wherever they want, whenever they want, and there is nothing that our governments can do about it.
Our governments cannot control ET. They hold no power over the Extraterrestrial. But there is one thing that they can control. This is the way in which we perceive the aliens and the way in which our governments appear to interact with them.
What we have here is a subtly layered response to a complex phenomenon. At the primary level our governments are telling us that UFOs do not exist. In support of this argument they use their connections in the media to discredit UFO researchers and label them as crackpots and conspiracy theorists. This suffices for most. But what about those of us that have actually witnessed something a little out of the ordinary? How are the-powers-that-be going to convince us that they still carry the biggest stick in town? You should already know the answer to this question. They are going to attempt to convince us that – yes – they can deal with the Alien. Have they not, already, acquired alien technology by capturing and back engineering a UFO? Then there are those alien corpses: laid out on an operating table and dissected. Maybe those little grey guys aren't so tough after all.
Put simply, what they are saying here goes: 'Regardless of what you may or may not believe, we are still in control. So do what you are instructed to do or else.'
This original fiction: typified by the 'Roswell incident', was further elaborated upon in the decades following 1947. We are now, for instance, expected to believe in the existence of underground bases where aliens and our own military plot against us as they pursue a shared agenda to enslave – or maybe hybridize - the human race. Really? I'm quaking in my boots. With laughter.
Consider this. We have very credible evidence: in the form of witness testimony, that aliens have interfered with our nuclear weapons technology. I would cite Robert Salas' statement, delivered at the Disclosure Project in 2001: which has been conclusively corroborated by other witnesses, in support of this view. Now if extraterrestrials were actively colluding with elements from within the military establishment, why would they then go on to compromise our nuclear weapons? The contradiction here is patently obvious. Either the bases exist and the interference never happened. Or the interference happened and the bases are a fiction. Now we need to decide which of these is true. OK. It wouldn't be difficult to understand why our military would want to form an alliance with a race that possesses technologies far in advance of our own. But can we say the same about ET? Why would he need to form an unnecessary alliance with a technologically inferior race? No, these bases only exist in the imaginations of the military intelligence strategists that invented this fiction, and the 'believe-anything' conspiracy theorists that they have managed, so successfully, to deceive.
The whole UFO thing did not, of course, begin with the Roswell incident in 1947. Indeed the need for some kind of disinformation campaign to be undertaken: to take control of the psychological impact of the UFO phenomenon on the general population, was probably first identified during the later stages of World War Two. Throughout the war thousands of airmen experienced encounters with the legendary foo fighters. Then - upon returning to civilian life - these men, in all probability, took great delight in recounting these experiences to their families and friends. Everyone loves a mystery after all.
Let us not forget, either, that this period also saw the dawn of the atomic age with the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos in New Mexico. Now the development of nuclear weapons was - without doubt - of enormous interest to our visitors and so would have led to a further increase in genuine UFO activity.
All of this meant that public awareness: that there was something-going-on-out-there about which they were not being informed, was rapidly growing. Something needed to be done. Allowing the populace to arrive at their own conclusions; which might then have developed into a general consensus, was never an option. Our governments needed to control what people were thinking in this situation just as they try and control what people think in all situations. If the idea: that our governments were powerless to influence the course of UFO related events, should take hold of the popular imagination; then the world's power structures – which depend upon controlling how we see our world – might well have begun to collapse.
There is a lot more at stake here than you might think.
It should be understood: by every adult on the face of the planet, that the ability to mould people's perceptions – the way in which they see and understand their world - is the very essence of power. We are all controlled by belief systems and prefabricated mindsets: filters that de-focus and distort reality, that are installed inside our heads when we are young and continuously up-dated and reinforced as we grow older.
Should the day come – when our skies are full of craft from other star systems; craft that we have been told do not exist – then all of the manufactured preconceptions, all of the distortions and lies will be seen for what they are. People will awaken from a dream that has clouded their judgement since childhood: since the dawn of civilization. They will suddenly understand the depth and breadth of the deception that has been perpetrated against them. They will no longer listen to politicians and priests. They will listen to what the Visitor has to say instead.
And so we now come to our second set of culprits guilty of perpetrating deception against us. With these folks, however, the motives behind their crimes are almost laudable when compared with those of our representatives in government.
As I have already stated, our governments have always sought to influence the way in which we see our world. To this end they have saturated our experience of life with a distorted vision of myth, magic, re-written history and religion. The Alien, on the other hand, seeks to understandour perceptionof our world. He wants to know whether or not we are capable of seeing the world as it truly is. He also wants to know whether or not we are capable of accepting a world - a reality – in which he is included. Basically, he wants to know whether or not he can be our friend.
This is why he has, on occasion, crashed something that looks a lot like a flying saucer into the desert. I've no doubt – whatsoever - that these crash scenarios were not staged using actual spacecraft. ET has, after all, witnessed what we do to each other with the technology that we already possess. He has seen our wars; he has witnessed the horror. So he is hardly likely to entrust to us technology that will allow us to become more proficient at doing what we do best: destroy ourselves along with our environment. No, the UFOs found at the Extraterrestrial's crash sites are no more capable of actual space flight than the shattered miniature airship found at Roswell.
Another feature of crash events - staged by the Alien - is the presence of some form of biological material or construct: some semblance of life, amidst the wreckage. I do not think, however, that we are looking at actual aliens here. It is more likely that these 'entities' were manufactured for the event: as part of the experiment. This does, of course, beg the question: who or what is being tested by this bizarre procedure? Logic tells us that we are the subject of this experiment. So we are being tested: along with our humanity. Our reactions to the presence of alien life are being closely monitored in this situation. We call ourselves human, but are we truly humane: do we respect the sanctity of life in all its myriad forms?
This is what the Alien wants to know.
Staging UFO crash events: and then monitoring our reactions, is one way in which the Extraterrestrial has tried to ascertain if we are ready to take things to the next level. These folks are seeking to psychoanalyse the collective mind of the human race before embarking on a course of action that will have an unparalleled impact on the future of mankind. That course of action being – the long anticipated – first contact.
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Creepy Diamond UFO Over Bogota, Colombia On Dec 31, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Creepy Diamond UFO Over Bogota, Colombia On Dec 31, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting:Dec 31, 2020 Location of sighting: Bogota, Colombia
The eyewitness noticed a dark diamond shaped UFO in the sky over his neighborhood last week. The UFO was seen hovering in place and remained there for a while, but when the eyewitness returned to the location it was nowhere to be seen. The bottom of the UFO looks almost round with a diamond skirt around its middle. This is a real UFO. This is what they look like close up and this is 100% proof that they are in the skies watching how humans deal with this worldwide pandemic. Humanities stress levels have never been higher than right now. Even democracies across the globe have had to impose Marxist-like rules governing lockdowns and control over the public in order to stop this horrible virus attacking the world. Change is hard, but loosing freedom is harder.
Watch this recent video from last week of a UFO shooting out of a volcano near Mexico City on Dec 28, 2020. It was caught on live cam and this UFO is huge. Its coming from the right side of the volcano. I have seen UFOs come from the left side and even land on the left side before flying away, but this is the first time I have seen one on the left side shooting out. It did not come from the mouth of the volcano, but instead from a volcano duct on the side. Volcanos have many such tunnels and this volcano is very active, making new exit tunnels every month. How much more evidence is necessary to prove that an alien base sits below this volcano?
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
Note peter2011:
is that possibly not the emission of an airplane, which condenses and was accidentally filmed, just as if it came from the volcano?
Live Webcam captures Two UFOs entering Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico
Live Webcam captures Two UFOs entering Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico
On December 6, 2020 the live webcamdemexico monitoring the Popocatépetl volcano in Mexico captured in a short time two cigar-shaped UFOs entering the crater of the volcano.
A UFO apparently descends into the crater, four minutes later, a second UFO follows the first one disappearing into the crater of the volcano too.
This volcano has been a UFO hotspot for years with hundreds of reports of UFOs flying over as well as entering and exiting the crater and so far, there is no explanation for all these strange activities around the Popocatépetl Volcano.
Four mysterious lights threw the first Brit in space for a loop! All-new episodes of ‘The Graham Norton Show’ premiere Fridays at 11/10c on BBC America.
Police and FAA notified after giant blue UFO was seen dropping into the ocean
Police and FAA notified after giant blue UFO was seen dropping into the ocean
In Honolulu, Hawaii, a UFO spotted in the dark sky over Leeward Oahu prompted witnesses to dial 911. The sighting took place at about 8:30 p.m.
Multiple videos of the sighting were shared online, showing what looks like a glowing, oblong object.
According to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) officials, there were no aircraft activities or accidents in the area at the time. However, multiple witnesses reported observing a huge blue object fall out of the sky and into the ocean.
In one of the clips uploaded online, a woman can be heard in the background trying to figure out what she saw in the sky.
Misitina Sape captured the image at 8:26 p.m. near Haleakala Avenue in Nanakuli.
Shortly after, a lady named Moriah saw what appeared to be a similar object passing over Princess Kahanu Estates. The 38-year-old says she’s never been a believer in UFOs, but the UFO sighting experience intrigued her. She says the object was going so fast.
The UFO’s journey ended less than three miles from where it was initially spotted. Moriah says she and her husband were on Farrington Highway in front of the Board of Water Supply building when they observed the object dropping into the ocean.
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She described it as being bigger than a telephone pole and says she never heard a sound from it. They called 911 to have somebody check out the object.
Moriah spotted a second light while officers were on the scene. She and her husband observed a white object but smaller coming in the same direction as the blue one.
The object went out of their sight when it passed over a nearby mountain.
Honolulu police investigators didn’t have any information when asked if they figured out what fell in the ocean.
Meanwhile, FAA spokesperson Ian Gregor said police told them about the incident on Tuesday night but had no aircraft disappear off radars and no reports of overdue or missing plane.
After a couple of days, Moriah is still baffled by what she saw.
What Are UFOs? Terrestrial, Extraterrestrial & Metaterrestrial Theories
What Are UFOs? Terrestrial, Extraterrestrial & Metaterrestrial Theories
If there’s one thing we learn from studying UFOs, there is no simple answer to what it’s all about. Most of the public – and even many Ufologists – tend to lump together all UFO incidents into a single phenomenon. But the evidence indicates there is no single explanation for all the material categorised under “UFO experience.”
According to author and researcher John White, we are actually looking at a multilevelled phenomenon – terrestrial, extraterrestrial and metaterrestrial – and each is qualitatively different from the others. Each has its own unique forms of UFOs, and each form has to be distinguished from the others of that level.
John White has extensive experience in the fields of consciousness research and paranormal phenomena. He has personally investigated the UFO phenomenon.
John holds degrees from Dartmouth and Yale, and is the author of 15 books. He has lectured at educational institutions and spiritual centres throughout the United States and Canada, and before public and professional organisations.
He is a contributor to a newly compiled collection of the knowledge and insight of the world’s leading experts on modern Ufology. Exposed, Uncovered, and Declassified: UFOs & Aliens reveals startling evidence of famous sightings and contact with aliens, and uncovers classified files from archives.
In the following interview with New Dawn magazine, John White defines ‘UFO’ and outlines three different levels of understanding this mysterious phenomenon that has both a physical and metaphysical dimension.
NEW DAWN (ND): What is the definition of UFO?
JOHN WHITE (JW): I use the one developed by the Mutual UFO Network, or MUFON, which is an international group of lay people and scientists who’ve been investigating the subject for decades.
MUFON says UFOs are objects observed in the skies or on the surface of the Earth which defy conventional explanation after a thorough study and investigation by competent people.
Now, lots of sightings have been shown to be due to misperception of more familiar things such as balloons, planets, meteors, satellites, stars, advertising aircraft, falling aerospace debris, and so forth. These are IFOs or identified flying objects.
The sightings which are yet to be explained are what MUFON calls daylight discs – objects with unusual lights which are simultaneously tracked visually and on radar at fantastic speeds. Also, some sightings involve objects which leave physical evidence after landing. Still other sightings involve authenticated photographs. And of course there are cases involving visitations or close encounters by humanoids or entities.
The UFO phenomenon is multilevelled and can’t be explained in a unified fashion. Little green men in spaceships with Martian license plates may be part of the puzzle, but that is only one piece of it. There is much more.
ND: Such as?
JW: In my judgment, the evidence of Ufology falls into three major categories, and so I say there are three “answers” to the UFO problem – three qualitatively different answers. Those answers – all genuine, all real – relate to what can be called different levels of reality or different aspects of our existence.
To put it simply, the levels or aspects are: terrestrial, extraterrestrial and metaterrestrial. Metaterrestrial is a term coined by Dr. J. Allen Hynek, the US astronomer-ufologist. He meant it to denote an unseen world beyond the familiar three-dimensional world we know. (He also coined the term “close encounters of the first, second and third kind.”)
This three-part explanation for the UFO problem is the overview I hold. We don’t have time to go into the evidence in detail, so I’ll just sketch it in very broad strokes in order to give an outline of the overview I’ve come to hold of the UFO phenomenon.
EXTRATERRESTRIAL
I’ll start with the most common idea of what UFOs are, namely, extraterrestrial. It’s most common simply because it’s been around longest and has gradually gained widespread acceptance.
ND: The question is whether there’s any truth to it.
JW: I think there is. In fact, judging from the Humanoid Catalog data base of more than 3,000 modern UFO sightings in which a wide variety of humanoids were present, I regard Earth as one of the major crossroads of local space.
Some UFO experiences seem best understood exactly as the public does – namely, as constructed physical vehicles occupied by ETs. The case for the existence of ETs somewhere in the universe has been solidly established over the last five decades by astrobiology, quite apart from the data of Ufology. Astrobiologists are pushing SETI, or the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, by using radio telescopes to listen for signals from space.
And although the scientific community, by and large, does not accept Ufology as a colleague discipline, that rejection really is illogical and unscientific. But even that is changing as astronomy discovers planets revolving around other stars than the Sun – and the list of planets is now more than 1,200.
ND: What is the evidence astrobiologists should consider?
JW: There’s the world-famous case of Barney and Betty Hill, which was reported in a 1965 book entitled The Interrupted Journey. For me, the most persuasive aspect of the case is the Hill Star Map.
ND: Tell our readers about it.
JW: While driving on a deserted road near Exeter, New Hampshire in 1961, the Hills were reportedly abducted by small, thin, gray beings with large heads who took the couple aboard a UFO. Betty was shown a hologram-like map of space with the route indicated which the beings followed from their home star to Earth. She saw the route which the aliens followed and she saw it in full 3-D, as if she were looking out a porthole into space.
In 1964, Betty and Barney underwent hypnotic therapy for symptoms which, they discovered, arose from their abduction experience. At the suggestion of their therapist, Boston psychiatrist Benjamin Simon, Betty drew a picture of the three-dimensional map she’d seen on board the craft in 1961. Her map was a flat reconstruction on paper which showed our Sun and other stars from the perspective of the aliens’ home star.
When it was published in The Interrupted Journey, an Ohio school teacher named Marjorie Fish saw the picture and got the idea to use an astronomical catalogue of stars to help her build a model of space by stringing beads on a wooden framework. The beads represented stars up to 40 light-years away, accurately placed around the centre, representing Earth, in accordance with the astronomical catalogue data.
It took Fish three years, working off and on, to finish her model. When she was done, she looked at it from every angle in an attempt to find the pattern of stars which matched Betty Hill’s map. But she couldn’t find a matching pattern. All her attempts at the time failed.
Then, in 1969, a new catalogue with revised astronomical data made it possible for Fish to construct a more accurate model of nearby space. It took another three years, but when she was done, she found a pattern of beads which matched the pattern in the Hill Star Map almost perfectly.
The home base of the aliens appeared to be the star Zeta Reticuli, in the constellation Reticulum, about 37 light-years from Earth. Astronomers and Ufologists debated the matter and it is now settled in favour of Fish rather than being just a random matching of stars.
Now, here’s the reason this is persuasive. The Hill Star Map was drawn in 1964 yet it contained information unknown to anyone on Earth at the time. Fish had to wait until the revised astronomical catalogue was published in 1969, before human knowledge was sufficient for her to construct an accurate representation of local space.
So how did Betty Hill get her knowledge of stars in space eight years before the catalogue? Logic tells us that the holographic map she claimed to see aboard a UFO was real and thus the information on which Betty Hill based her map strongly suggests that it was of extraterrestrial origin.
TERRESTRIAL
ND: What about the second category of UFOs you mention – the terrestrial?
JW: It would be nice if all UFO cases proved to be extraterrestrial in nature, but some are best understood as originating from Earth itself. In other words, these are terrestria--
Some UFO sightings have taken place at sea and on large bodies of water, and involve craft which observers say burst through the surface of the water and take off into the sky. The late American biologist Ivan Sanderson wrote about this in his book Invisible Residents, which gives the best description of this aspect of the UFO phenomenon.
Sanderson felt these sightings might be due to the presence of an undersea civilisation native to Earth. He reasoned that since life began in the sea, when some organisms came ashore it slowed their development while sea-living organisms continued to evolve. Look at cetaceans, Sanderson said. Although porpoises, dolphins and whales are not technological, they are highly intelligent.
We humans are able to weld metal under water and we can mix concrete which sets under water. So today there may be advanced forms of sea life more intelligent than humans and capable of UFO technology, living invisibly on Earth under the oceans and other large aquatic bodies. Of course, it may also be that ETs have established undersea bases.
N.D: What else is in the terrestrial category?
JW: Some UFO experiences seem best understood as human contact with a lower form of animal life native to Earth’s atmosphere. The discovery of these strange aerial creatures is told in Trevor James Constable’s 1976 book The Cosmic Pulse of Life. He simply calls them “critters.”
His text and photographs reveal a class of elemental fauna unknown to official science. These amoeba-like aeroforms are neither solid, liquid nor gas. The exist in the fourth state of matter – plasma – and are normally invisible for several reasons. First, their native habitat is high in the atmosphere far beyond human gaze but nevertheless well below the astronomers’ usual telescopic focus.
Second, they are bioenergetically propelled and move at a very high speed – thousands of miles per hour. Last, their usual condition is in the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. However, they have the capacity to change their density and thereby pass from one level of tangibility to another. Thus, they sometimes do appear in the visible portion of the spectrum where, if seen by humans, they are quickly labelled UFOs – which, of course, they are. But they are not mechanical spacecraft; they are living creatures.
They grow anywhere from the size of a coin to at least half a mile in diameter. They give a solid radar return, even though invisible to the naked eye. When they’re visible, they pulsate with a reddish-orange glow. They can change their form, but generally are seen as discs or spheroids.
Their diaphanous structure allows a limited view of the interior. When Ivan Sanderson saw Constable’s photos, he said they made him feel like he was looking through a fishbowl. Some critters have been seen close up on the ground in full physical density, according to Constable’s research.
ND: Do you have other evidence for terrestrial UFOs?
JW: Still another plausible terrestrial explanation for some UFO sightings is given in the term “earth lights.” It was coined by the English researcher Paul Devereux in his 1982 book Earth Lights and amplified in his 1989 book Earth Lights Revelations.
The books present evidence to show that geophysical activity in crystalline rock structures, especially along fault lines, produces a piezoelectric effect. That subsurface pressure generates electromagnetic fields above the fault lines, and in those fields, hot electrified balls of gas are formed – ionized plasmas. Those ionized plasmas are luminous atmospheric phenomena, and that is what Devereux calls earth lights.
Now, aerial luminosities have been noted throughout history around the world, but their origin has been attributed to supernatural causes and labelled as “will-o’-the-wisp,” ignis fatuus, ghost lights, and so forth.
Dr. Michael Persinger, a psychologist at Laurentian University in Canada, and Gyslaine Lafrenière, a research scientist there, demonstrated in their 1977 book entitled Space-Time Transients and Unusual Events that such phenomena may have a terrestrial origin and be capable of inducing many effects in the minds of human observers, depending on their distance from the site, such as have been noted in UFO sightings and even abductions.
Devereux and his colleagues’ research, independent of Persinger and Lafrenière’s, has enlarged upon the possibility that tectonically generated earth lights may account for some UFO sightings and mysterious ghostly figures.
This line of research is collectively known as the tectonic strain theory. Geophysicists have investigated this phenomenon for a long time because of reports during earthquake activity that the shaking earth was accompanied by aerial lights. The lights weren’t called UFOs, of course – just strange luminosities which sometimes appeared in association with earthquakes.
In the mid-1980s, the US Geological Survey, in its journal Earthquakes and Volcanoes, published the first photo of one ever. It was snapped by someone with enough presence of mind to shoot it during an earthquake here in the US. A vaguely defined ball of light about six feet wide is clearly visible in the air.
So there you have several terrestrial-based phenomena which seem to me to explain some UFO sightings and, except for the possibility of undersea ET bases, they have absolutely nothing to do with craft from outer space. But the list of terrestrial-based explanations needs to be enlarged by one – and a very strange one, indeed. It takes us right up to the border of physical nature and passes over into the metaphysical, or more precisely, into the parapsychological. I’ll call it the psychokinetic explanation.
ND: Psychokinetic? As in mind over matter?
JW: Yes. The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung is known for his contribution to psychology of the concept he termed “the collective unconscious.” He hypothesised that we human beings have not only a personal unconscious, which Freud demonstrated, we also have a deeper layer of mind which is somehow shared by everyone, and this aspect of our minds includes memories of human experiences from the beginnings of our race.
Ancient symbols reside in our minds, such as the Wise Old Man, the Hero and the Evil One, representing the collective experience of humanity in certain basic categories. In his book Flying Saucers: A Modern Myth of Things Seen in the Sky, Jung proposed that UFOs are symbolic projections of deep human yearnings for wholeness and transformation in the collective psyche of humanity.
Without denying their physical nature – because, of course, UFOs have been photographed and tracked on radar – Jung speculated that UFOs are either our own psychic projections perceived objectively in the sky or they are the appearance of real objects which afford humans an opportunity to project mythological symbols from deep in the collective psyche.
The oldest symbol of wholeness or totality is the circle. So flying saucers, Jung said – those round shining objects in the sky – require a psychological interpretation as a symbol of the human yearning for certainty and completeness in an age of rapid change and uncertainty.
Some UFOs may be the creation of our own minds. Sounds wild, doesn’t it? But there is some research supporting that. In the 1970s, Dr. Gertrude Schmeidler, a parapsychologist at City College of New York, conducted research with the well-known psychic Ingo Swann.
In a completely darkened laboratory, she photographed Swann as he used mental intention and his psychokinetic power of mind over matter to envision light streaming from his outstretched arms. Guess what? The photos showed a visible glow around Swann’s hands. So if one person’s mental intention can produce a physical effect such as that, what might the collective intention and unconscious psychic ability which everyone seems to have in some degree produce?
I don’t think that’s far-fetched. In fact, one psychic I know, Stella Lansing of Massachusetts, used to get photos of UFOs which no one else ever saw in the sky. They were beautiful 35 mm colour slides of well-formed, clearly visible, apparently metallic craft.
The only problem with her photos was this: in at least one instance which I examined, the image of a UFO extended from one frame across the intervening section of film onto the succeeding frame! Now, as you know, that intervening section of film is not exposed to light from outside the camera.
It’s mechanically impossible to do that. There’s absolutely no way those two frames could represent an actual object in space outside the camera. So the image had to have been generated directly inside the camera by Stella’s own psychokinetic power. This psychic phenomenon is called thoughtography, and psychiatrist Jules Eisenbud, who investigated the phenomenon in a man named Ted Serios, has established the case for such mind over matter photography.
This interaction between mind and matter, between the physical brain and the metaphysical mind, and taking place at a distance, points toward the last major category of UFO phenomena which I see as yet another piece of the puzzle.
METATERRESTRIAL
Metaterrestrial means something which originates outside the ordinary three-dimensional space-time framework in which we normally function. The word is synonymous with metaphysical, meaning “beyond the physical,” but it has a more scientific connotation to it, like hyperspace and quantum space do. Some people call that realm extradimensional, interdimensional, ultraterrestrial and supraphysical.
Whatever word we use for it, this category of answer provides evidence that some UFO experiences are due to nonphysical but real entities which come not from other locations in our physical universe but from other sets of dimensions or other realms which interpenetrate our more familiar space-time.
In short, and as Dr. Jacques Vallée first pointed out in his 1968 book Passport to Magonia, many UFO incidents appear to be contemporary versions of what was recorded long ago in mythology, religious scripture and spiritual traditions as encounters with angels, demons and the various inhabitants of other planes of existence.
Through a process we don’t understand, these metaterrestrial beings materialise into our space-time from other levels or other realms of reality. Those levels or realms have a wide range of beings which are native to them, just as our own level of reality has creatures ranging from viruses to whales and from algae to redwoods.
I think the best case to illustrate this is the famous miracle at Fatima, Portugal, which occurred in 1917. It’s popularly known in Roman Catholic tradition as “the day the Sun danced” and as “the day the Sun fell” because a brilliant Sun-like object came near the ground. Thousands of people witnessed it.
Some Ufologists regard the Fatima events as a display of advanced technology in which ETs are manipulating human belief systems via holographic projections. I acknowledge that possibility. But there is another tradition – namely, Eastern religion – which offers detailed information about a class of celestial beings whose characteristics are remarkably similar to what was seen at Fatima.
Moreover, some UFO contactees describe meetings with nonphysical entities who materialise into our space-time continuum from other sets of dimensions or higher planes of existence. Those nonphysical entities have been called names such as Space Brothers, extradimensionals and ultraterrestrials, and their existence is said to be on a scale enormously beyond the human, just as ours is beyond that of insects, which in turn are similarly beyond microbes. From the metaterrestrial level of reality, it is said, these higher forms of life influence and even guide human affairs.
The most common name for them is deva, a Sanskrit word which means “shining one” or “radiant being.” It is the conceptual equivalent of what we moderns call an angel. More generally, it means a being of light. Devas are said to belong to another kingdom of life.
They are a separately created, very high order of existence which has the role of supervising lower orders. Devas exist in a nonphysical but ontologically real form magnitudes of cosmological order beyond the human level. Considered abstractly in scientifically oriented terms, devas can be described as conscious, formative principles which guide and regulate life forms below them in the ladder of creation or the great chain of being, irrespective of space-time coordinates.
Hinduism and Tibetan Buddhism are especially rich in information about devas. Some signs which announce the presence of these normally unseen entities are the sudden appearance of rainbows and perfume, multicoloured flower blossoms falling from the air, sudden high winds, various celestial phenomena such as shooting stars and lights in the sky, and multicoloured clouds forming themselves into unusual shapes. That sounds a lot like the Fatima UFO to me.
ND: Please sum up what you’ve told our readers.
JW: The UFO phenomenon appears to be multifaceted and there is no neat, simple answer to what it’s all about. In my judgment, the public and even many Ufologists are indiscriminately lumping together UFO sightings and incidents into a single phenomenon. But the evidence indicates that no single explanation can cover all the experiences and events brought together under the label “UFO experience.”
It is a multilevelled phenomenon. And each level – terrestrial, extraterrestrial and metaterrestrial – is qualitatively different from the others. Each has its own unique forms of UFOs, and each form has to be distinguished from the others of that level.
Our understanding of the UFO phenomenon can be compared to our evolving understanding of the atom. In ancient Greece, the atom was regarded as the ultimate unit of matter. However, the rise of science demonstrated that the atom was not “rock-bottom reality.” Rather it was composed of protons, electrons and neutrons.
Thus, a new level of reality emerged – the subatomic. Continuing scientific research discovered a host of new particles, such as neutrinos, quarks, mesons, bosons, and other exotic forms of matter below that of the atom.
Most recently, science has discovered a still more basic or fundamental aspect of reality, the quantum level. Our present understanding regards it as the level from which all the particles and the four fundamental forces – gravity, electromagnetism and the weak and strong nuclear forces – arise.
The UFO experience can be regarded in a somewhat similar manner. There is no single “unit” of the UFO experience. There are different phenomena, outwardly appearing to be the same thing, but actually qualitatively distinct from one another. And they can be classified not only in the horizontal dimension as discrete phenomena, they also can classified vertically as belonging to one or another level of reality.
Only when we understand the UFO phenomenon as multilevelled and multifaceted will we move to a deeper understanding of this intriguing and mysterious topic, and begin to solve the puzzle called the UFO experience.
CHINA IS LAUNCHING THREE MISSIONS TO CONSTRUCT ITS SPACE STATION
CHINA IS LAUNCHING THREE MISSIONS TO CONSTRUCT ITS SPACE STATION
CMSE
VICTOR TANGERMANN
Space Station
China is set to launch three missions to kick off the construction of its space station, SpaceNews reports.
The China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology is putting the finishing touches on the rockets that are meant to launch the country’s first space station module, as well as a cargo and refueling craft.
According to SpaceNews, China is planning to construct its three-module station over 11 planned missions. The country is also planning to launch a crewed mission using one of the same rockets.
Heavy Lifting
The Long March 5B heavy-lift rocket developed by the Launch Vehicle Technology academy is meant to carry the first module, which weighs a hefty 22 metric tons, into orbit as soon as this spring. When exactly the launch will occur is still unclear.
“We will soon complete the construction of China’s first long-term orbital crewed space station meeting advanced world levels, and will carry out large-scale space scientific research on it,” chief designer of China’s human spaceflight program Zhou Jianping told state news, as quoted by SpaceNews.
“We firmly believe that it will play a major role in the forefront of scientific exploration of humanity and also in the development of our space technology,” he added.
In 2022, the country is also planning to send a Hubble-class space telescope called Xuntian to join the orbit of its space station.
An artist's impression of the James Webb Space Telescope, finally set to launch this year.
Northrop Grumman
Like nearly everything else in the world, space exploration hit a coronavirus-sized pause button early last year. But we were still able to thrust our way into the cosmos in an otherwise difficult, stressful 2020. And 2021 looks to be a pretty busy time for space both on the ground and out in the void. Here’s a list of missions we’re excited about so you can look forward to what cosmic insights this next orbit around the sun could bring.
A trio of Mars missions
For Mars fans, February will be an exciting month. The Red Planet will welcome the arrival of not one, not two, but three missions.
The first to arrive will be the United Arab Emirates’ Hope spacecraft, or Al Amal. The mission, which is due to arrive on February 9, will send valuable data back to Earth about Mars’ climate and weather. Assuming all goes well, this will mark the first Arab mission to Mars—or any other planet for that matter.
NASA’s Perseverance will touch down on Mars’ Jezero Crater, the site of a former lake, on February 18, where it will perform the most extensive search for past life on Mars to date. Built on the same basic bones as the Curiosity rover which has been trucking away on Mars since 2011, the car-sized Perseverance rover carries different instruments designed to search for signs of past microbial life. It will also deploy Ingenuity, a small helicopter that will demonstrate the first powered flight launched from the surface of another planet. Even more significant, Perseverance will cache the most intriguing Mars samples so that they can eventually be collected and brought back to Earth as early as 2031.
China, ever secretive about its space program, has not said when exactly its ambitious Tianwen-1 mission will arrive at Mars. It’s expected in mid-February where it’ll remain in orbit before sending a lander containing a rover to the surface in May. If it succeeds, China will become the third country to land something on Mars.
A next-generation space observatory
The much-delayed and highly anticipated James Webb Space Telescope, plagued by technical problems and mounting costs, will also launch this year (fingers crossed). On October 31st, the Hubble Space Telescope’s successor will be positioned over 932,000 miles from Earth, where it will afford us unprecedented views of the universe in infrared; it’ll be the largest telescope ever placed in space, with100 timesHubble’s light-gathering power.
“Webb is designed to build upon the incredible legacies of the Hubble and Spitzer space telescopes, by observing the infrared universe and exploring every phase of cosmic history,” said Eric Smith, NASA Webb’s program scientist, in a statement. “The observatory will detect light from the first generation of galaxies that formed in the early universe after the big bang and study the atmospheres of nearby exoplanets for possible signs of habitability.”
‘Lucy’ in the sky with carbon-rich asteroids
In October, NASA is set to launch the Lucy spacecraft. Over its 12-year mission, Lucy will visit the so-called Jovian Trojans—asteroids that share the same orbit as Jupiter but float hundreds of millions of miles ahead or behind the planet, trapped there by the giant planet’s gravity. It’s thought that the Trojan asteroids could hold clues to understanding the early Solar System—and perhaps even clues to the origins of Earth’s organic material.
Back to the Moon
Several missions are shooting for the Moon this year.
The first of NASA’s Artemis missions—an uncrewed test mission known as Artemis 1—is expected to launch in November 2021. The mission will provide engineers back on Earth with a chance to evaluate how the spacecraft performs in deep space and serve as a prelude to returning astronauts to the Moon by 2024.
In March, India is planning to launch its third lunar mission: Chandrayaan-3. This would be a second attempt at landing on the Moon after the crash of the Vikram lander on the Chandrayaan-2 mission in 2019. If all goes well, the Chandrayaan-3 rover will touch down on the lunar south pole’s Aitken basin—a 1,500-mile-wide scar created when an asteroid slammed into the Moon around 3.9 billion years ago.
And after a decades-long hiatus, Russia’s opening moonshot to reactivate the Russian lunar program plans is known as Luna 25. The much-delayed mission, which has been in development since the late 1990s, is tentatively set for launch in October 2021.
The poster child of commercial space
Last year, SpaceX made history when its Crew Dragon spacecraft proved it can ferry NASA astronauts to humanity’s home away from home—the International Space Station. SpaceX is expected to make those sort of trips routine, with two likely happening later this year. And 2021 might also be the year that we see SpaceX’s 165-foot-tall Starship vehicle, designed to one day take humans to the Red Planet, make it into orbit. Despite a beautiful belly-flopping opera with an explosive finale, SpaceX CEO Elon Musk said last year he was “80 to 90 percent” confident that Starship would be ready by the end of 2021.
Notable things to look for in the sky
You can also feast your eyes upon cosmic spectacles from your own abode. On June 10, there will be an annular solar eclipse. That phenomenon occurs when the Moon is farthest away from the Earth to completely cover the Sun, resulting in a ring of light around the darkened moon. Much of Europe and the northeastern United States will see a partial solar eclipse. The best meteor shower of the year may be the Perseids, named that way since they appear to originate from the constellation Perseus in the sky. The stellar light show will peak right in the height of summer in mid-August. So, here’s a simple yet wondrous resolution for the new year: Look up!
“Sent By an Alien World?” –Extraterrestrial Object Visited Our Solar System in 2017
“Sent By an Alien World?” –Extraterrestrial Object Visited Our Solar System in 2017
“The idea of the existence of advanced extraterrestrial life is no more speculative than extra dimensions or dark matter. It fact, he says, it is less so,” says Harvard astrophysicist, Avi Loeb.
In November of 2018, The Daily Galaxy reported: “You would have thought it was 1938 again following Orson Welles’ radio broadcast of the War of the Worlds the way the way Twitter lit up last week when the chairman of Harvard’s astronomy department, Israel-born theoretical physicist Avi Loeb, suggested that an alien spaceship was possibly on its way to Earth to study humankind, and probably had Stephen Hawking spinning in his grave.”
“Life could be transported across the Milky Way”
In October, 2018, Loeb published a study explaining how aliens can travel throughout the galaxy on the backs of everything from meteoroids to space dust. “Our paper considers the possibility that life could be transported across the entire Milky Way galaxy and beyond,” Loeb said. “The solar system acts as a gravitational ‘fishing net’ that contains thousands of bound interstellar objects of this size at any given time. These bound interstellar objects could potentially plant life from another planetary system and in the solar system.”
All hell broke out when Loeb followed up with a new paper suggesting that the interstellar object we now know as Oumuamua might be a spaceship, “a lightsail, from an alien civilization.”
“Think big and to expect the unexpected”
Fast forward to the new year, 2021, Avi Loeb’s highly anticipated new book, Extraterrestrial: The First Sign of Intelligent Life Beyond Earth, is being published Jan. 26, detailing his controversial theory that an artificial object may had been sent to Earth in 2017 from an extraterrestrial civilization. New York Times best selling author Alan Lightman, called “Extraterrestrial” provocative “and thrilling” and praising Loeb for asking readers to “think big and to expect the unexpected,” reports The Boston Globe.
Backstory
In late 2017, scientists using some of the biggest telescopes on earth detected an odd oblong-shaped mystery object floating through space. They said the interstellar asteroid is like nothing that’s been seen in the solar system before, with an “extreme oblong shape” that’s as much as 10 times as long as it is wide. ‘Oumuamua was discovered Oct. 19 using the Pan-STARRS telescope, which is operated near the summit of Maui’s Haleakala volcano by the Institute for Astronomy at the University of Hawaii.
The dim object was reported spotted as it traveled through the inner solar system, at a distance of about 19 million miles from Earth, but an analysis of its trajectory suggests that it came in from a place far beyond the solar system, somewhere in the constellation Lyra, heading towards the constellation Pegasus.
In late 2017, Loeb said, “scientists at a Hawaiian observatory glimpsed an object soaring through our inner solar system, moving so quickly that it could only have come from another star.” Loeb, the statement continued, “showed it was not an asteroid; it was moving too fast along a strange orbit, and left no trail of gas or debris in its wake. There was only one conceivable explanation: the object was a piece of advanced technology created by a distant alien civilization.”
On November 10, 2018, The Daily Galaxy emailed Loeb asking him for a quote (of any length) on his thoughts about human implications of the Oumuamua “spacecraft” debate. “In short,” we wrote in the email that “it seems that we are rooting beyond the science for validation of the spacecraft hypothesis. In the rancorous, tribal environment we’re living through, it appears the human species is yearning for validation of intelligent life beyond our fragile Blue Dot.”
Avi Loeb responded as follow…
“I was very surprised about the reaction of the media to our paper. We did not have a press release. The paper was submitted for publication ten days ago and posted on the online arXiv at the same time. It was reviewed and accepted for publication within a record time of only a few days. I received positive reactions from distinguished astronomers, such as the Astronomer Royal in the UK, Lord Martin Rees. I am glad to see the excitement about the paper, but it was not written for that purpose. We just followed the standard practice of scientific research.
“I prefer not to assign probabilities to the nature of `Oumuamua. e just need to be practical and collect more data on it or other members of its population. The interpretation of existing and future data is my plan for the future.”
“It is exciting to live at a time when we have the scientific technology to search for evidence of alien civilizations. The evidence about `Oumuamua is not conclusive but interesting. I will be truly excited once we have conclusive evidence.”
A group of Finnish researchers are proposing a permanent human habitat in the orbit of Ceres, a massive asteroid and dwarf planet in the asteroid belt, between Mars and Jupiter.
According to the team, this “megasatellite settlement” could be built by collecting materials from Ceres itself.
If that sounds familiar to fans of the popular sci-fi book and TV series “The Expanse,” that’s because in that fictional universe, Ceres Station plays a pivotal role as one of humanity’s first human off-world colonies. In the series, however, the space rock itself was spun up to create a crewed habitat on its surface with artificial gravity.
In a paper uploaded to the prewrite repository arXiv this week, the team argues that Ceres would be prime real estate because it has nitrogen, which could enable the creation of an Earth-like atmosphere.
In fact, they argue that the environment could even be “better than Earth,” since there’s no adverse weather or natural disasters, and plenty of living space to grow into.
They propose a number of smaller spinning satellites, attached to each other via magnetic tethers to create a massive disk-shaped megasatellite. Artificial gravity approximately equal to that of Earth could be achieved by spinning the massive structure around Ceres.
Such a habitat would have to make a full rotation around the dwarf planet in just 66 seconds to maintain the artificial gravity.
Connecting each habitat would be maglev train-like vehicles, a weightless experience to passengers.
“When first encountered, weightlessness causes nausea and vomiting for some people,” the paper reads. “However, in a settlement where people experience occasional weightlessness from childhood, it is plausible to think that they can tolerate it well during short trips.”
The settlement could also act as a stepping stone to other reaches of the solar system.
“The motivation is to have a settlement with artificial gravity that allows growth beyond Earth’s living area, while also providing easy intra-settlement travel for the inhabitants and reasonably low population density of 500/km2,” the abstract reads. That’s about the population density of New Jersey.
Thanks to its low gravity and fast rotation, the researchers argue that a “space elevator is feasible,” allowing easy transportation of materials from Ceres to other settlements without the need for much fuel.
So what about space radiation and the threat of meteorite impacts? The team has considered those threats as well. They propose a set of massive cylindrical mirrors that could do double duty by collecting sunlight and passing it onto the habitat, while also blocking submeter scale meteoroids.
A rendering of a possible lunar habitat, featuring elements printed in 3D with lunar soil. (Credit: ESA/Foster + Partners)
In the coming years, NASA’s Project Artemis will send astronauts to the Moon for the first time in fifty years. In the years that follow, NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA) also hope to build a spiritual successor to the ISS – the international lunar village around the Moon’s southern pole.
With multiple space agencies looking to build bases and private aerospace companies like SpaceX and Blue Origin hoping to make lunar tourism a reality, the message is clear: We’re going back to the Moon. And this time, we plan on staying!
But what about the long-term? What about a lunar colony where us regular folk can live, work, and become the first “Selenians” (or “Lunites”, “Lunarians”, “Loonies”, etc.). It’s been explored extensively in science fiction, but how about for real? Could it be done?
Well, sure. Even before space exploration began, actual proposals were being made. But as these all made clear, there are a number of challenges that need to be addressed – not the least of which are environmental in nature. As Robert A. Heinlein famously wrote…
The Moon is a Harsh Mistress
For starters, there’s no atmosphere to speak of on the Moon. Because of this, surface temperatures vary extremely between day and night – from highs of 117 °C (242 °F) to lows of -43 °C (-46 °F). Since there is no atmosphere, and no magnetic field, the surface is also exposed to a lot of radiation.
Most of the surface is also exposed to impacts from meteoroids and micrometeoroids. To top off, lunar gravity is only 16.5% (0.165 g) of what we experience here on Earth. As experiments aboard the ISS have shown, long-term exposure to microgravity has a detrimental effect on the human body.
However, these challenges are also opportunities to get creative. And over the years, the various proposals that have been put forward have been very creative indeed! And with the right technology, the “harsh mistress” could be made livable.
Location, Location, Location
First up, a colony would need to be built somewhere where resources are readily available. Since the Moon is rather far from Earth, the locals would have to harvest resources locally – what is known as In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU). The most important of these are air and water.
In the South-Pole Aitken Basin, multiple missions have detected abundant water ice in the permanently-shaded craters there. This ice could be harvested for drinking and irrigation water, and even chemically disassociated to produce oxygen gas and hydrogen gas (the latter of which can be used as fuel).
Lunar regolith (aka. Moondust) can also be used for the sake of creating 3-D printed structures. The regolith can be melted down with microwaves (sintering) and printed out as a molten ceramic or it can be combined with a bonding agent to create “lunarcrete”.
Skylights Point the Way
Another option is to build a lunar base within one of the many extinct stable lava tubes that run beneath the surface. These can be found by locating “skylights”, where a section of the surface has collapsed over a lava tube and allow for easy access to the subsurface.
The size of these tubes is large enough to accommodate an entire city, measuring 1 km (0.62 mi) or more in diameter. Not only would these tubes provide natural shielding against the elements and radiation; they could also be sealed off and pressurized to accommodate colonists.
As for the gravity issue? Well, that could be addressed by making sure lunar colonists spend time in an environment that simulates normal gravity (like a rotating torus in orbit). Or, there’s the possibility that medical science will have developed a means to combat the degenerative effects.
All we know for sure is that we are slowly getting closer to it being a genuine possibility. And with everything that’s been planned for the coming years, we might not have to wait much longer!
Any debate concerning life – intelligent or otherwise – in our solar system is almost certainly going to focus on Mars. After all, whether you buy into the “life on Mars” controversy or not, there’s no doubt that the planet is filled with anomalies. Chiefly, those anomalies can be seen in NASA’s very own photographs. NASA personnel are content to concludeit’s all down to pareodilia. That’s the phenomenon of seeing – for two examples of many – the face of a dog in the clouds, and the image of Elvis in a couple of coffee. It is a fact that, though, that some of the photos coming back from Mars do seem to show something much more than just a trick of the eye. Consider these on Mars: the Face-Hugger, the Banyan Trees, the Face on Mars, the Crowned Face and more. But, what about another of the planets in our solar-system? How about Venus? It’s true that Venus hasn’t had the publicity and interest it should have. Anyone who is familiar with the 1950s-era “Contactee” movement will know that many of the so-called “Space Brothers” – allegedly met by George Adamski, George Van Tassel and so on – claimed face-to-face encounters with Venusians. Of course, many people are happy to totally dismiss the yarns of the Contactees. Even I can see that, despite the fact that I still think there is more to the Contactee issue than meets the eye. That said, let’s have a look at what we know about the possibility of life being on Venus.
Wikipedia say: “Fictional representations of the planet Venus have existed since the 19th century. Its impenetrable cloud cover gave science fiction writers free rein to speculate on conditions at its surface; all the more so when early observations showed that not only was it very similar in size to Earth, it possessed a substantial atmosphere. Closer to the Sun than Earth, the planet was frequently depicted as warmer, but still habitable by humans. The genre reached its peak between the 1930s and 1950s, at a time when science had revealed some aspects of Venus, but not yet the harsh reality of its surface conditions.”
In 2018, Space.comran article titled “Life on Venus” Why It’s Not an Absurd Thought.” Writer Mike Wall said: “Sure, the planet’s surface is famously inhospitable today — bone-dry and hot enough to melt lead, with an atmospheric pressure 90 times greater than that of Earth at sea level. To feel that same amount of squeeze on our planet, you’d have to descend about 3,000 feet (900 meters) into the oceans. But Venus was a temperate world long ago, with seas that persisted for eons — perhaps 2 billion years or more, according to recent modeling research. Venus may therefore have been a habitable planet ‘for much of solar system history,’ astrobiologist David Grinspoon, a senior scientist at the Planetary Science Institute in Tucson, Arizona, said Thursday (April 12) during a talk at the Breakthrough Discuss conference here at Stanford University.”
Venus appearing brightly in the western sky over the Pacific
(Wikimedia Commons).
Two years later, Live Science informed its readers that evidence of life on Venus might have been found back in the latter part of the 1970s. The article was titled “Did NASA detect a hint of life on Venus in 1978 and not realize it?” In part, it read: “Life on Venus is still a long shot. But there’s reason to take the idea seriously. On Sept. 14, a team of scientists made a bombshell announcement in the journal Nature Astronomy: Using telescopes, they’d detected phosphine, a toxic gas long proposed as a possible sign of alien microbial life, in the upper part of the planet’s thick atmosphere. The detection was a landmark in the long hunt for life elsewhere in the solar system, which has mostly focused attention on Mars and a few moons orbiting Jupiter and Saturn. Meanwhile, Venus, hot and poisonous, was long considered too inhospitable for anything to survive. But now, digging through archival NASA data, Rakesh Mogul, a biochemist at Cal Poly Pomona in California, and colleagues have found a hint of phosphine picked up by Pioneer 13 — a probe that reached Venus in December 1978.”
In light of all the above, just maybe – one day – we’ll be discussing Venus in just the way we are in relation to Mars.
The evening of November 25, 1979 had been a typically quiet one for the sheriff’s office at Westport, in the U.S. state of Washington. In fact, in this rural area most nights nothing much ever really happened at all, so it was a surprise when the phones began ringing off their hooks with calls from various residents in the nearby Elk River region with a very strange story to tell, and as the witness reports were compiled, they painted a bizarre picture, indeed. This would be the beginning of a very strange case of an apparent UFO crashing down to earth and launching much talk of aliens, mysterious military forces, and government cover-ups.
Newspaper clipping of the incident
The people calling in all explained a mass sighting of a very anomalous incident in the sky, and before long others were coming forward with their own reports. One witness claimed to have seen what looked like a “plane with one side on fire,” another saw a very bright green flash in the sky, still another saw an “unknown aircraft” with windows illuminated with a bright blue light and which seemed to have lost power and was dropping. Yet another witness would explain that she had seen a craft with “bright like mercury lights,” that was silently falling towards the earth, and others also reported a fiery ball in the sky. In most of these cases the witnesses agreed that it was no normal airplane or known aircraft, that it was somehow without power or control, and that it was in the midst of crashing, with some people even reporting having seen some sort of explosion. This was all alarming enough that, even though no plane had been reported missing, a search was carried out by the sheriff’s office and the Civil Air Patrol but they turned up no sign of any sort of crash.
Elk River
The sightings made the rounds in the news at the time, but then the whole thing then sort of faded away and was forgotten. That is, until 1986, when it came to the attention of a James Clarkson, who at the time was chief investigator for the Washington state chapter of the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON). Upon stumbling several articles that had run back in 1979 in The Daily World, Clarkson was amazed that something as phenomenal as what had been splashed onto headlines as a UFO crash could have just so completely fallen off the radar. He had never even heard of it, despite the fact that he was an important member of one of the biggest UFO research organizations in the world, and also that he had unbelievably been a rookie cop with the Aberdeen Police Department, right next door to Elk River at the time of the incident. How could this be? Not satisfied with some old news reports, Clarkson decided to head straight to the source, venturing out to Elk River for what was to be one of the most memorable cases he had ever had before or since. Clarkson quickly found out that, although the case had been forgotten in the news, the people around Elk River had not forgotten at all. Many residents remembered very well, and Clarkson would say of this:
It was seven years after the event, but it was still a big topic of discussion. I kept hearing it over and over in one version or another. Everyone seemed to know about the Elk River crash.
James Clarkson
Clarkson would begin countless interviews with any witness he could find, uncovering some rather curious details. For instance, many of the witnesses agreed that the object had gone down in a remote area of wetlands and heavy forest called the Elk River Drainage Area. There were also quite a few residents who claimed that there had been a military presence in the area of the crash nearly immediately. One person he talked to, a man named Gordon Graham, claimed that the day after the supposed crash he had driven out to see if he could find something, but was turned away at a military checkpoint that had been set up. Graham made it very clear that the military presence was significant, that they were all armed, and they had been rather threatening in their ominous warning to turn back. Another witness corroborated this, with a logger who said that he had not even been able to go to work at his usual place because of soldiers barricading the area. Yet another resident named Henry Harnden actually claimed to have been menaced and chased from the area by what he called “a special division from Georgia,” and there was also a police officer who claimed to have seen large military trucks and jeeps making their way to the site of the supposed crash, as well as several people who claimed that there had been black military cargo helicopters in the area in the days after the incident. It may come as no surprise to anyone who has even a passing knowledge of similar cases that the military completely denied this. Clarkson would say of all of this:
What I tend to believe is that most of the people got most of it right. And if they did, then we have a military cover up. If something came down up there, it’s either a missile or an experimental aircraft that belongs to us or another country. Or it’s an extra-terrestrial vehicle. I’ve never had anybody say, ‘No the military wasn’t there.’ The military haven’t denied it.
On top of all of this, Clarkson uncovered another, secondary UFO report that allegedly happened on the night after the first. The witness explained that been driving past the near the John’s River Lodge when his attention was captured by a group of people standing by the side of the road gazing up at the sky in apparent wonder. It was enough to convince him to pull over, and when he did he told Clarkson that he had seen “a strange spectacle of lights,” including one large one being followed by around a half dozen smaller ones, which would occasionally fall into formation to orbit the larger one before falling back into a line behind it. After some time, the smaller lights apparently sped off at breathtaking speed in all directions, while the large one headed out towards the ocean. It is unknown what connection this had to the sightings the night before, but Clarkson likes to call it “the ‘other’ search party.”
After spending countless hours thoroughly investigating the case and having numerous requests under the Freedom of Information Act turn up nothing, Clarkson eventually came to the frustrating conclusion that, although he believed something came down at Elk River that evening, too much time has passed for any conclusive evidence for what that could have been. He believes that people did see something very strange in the sky that night, and there was a removal of something out there by the military and efforts made to obfuscate what they were doing and suppress the truth, but he stops short of definitely saying it was an alien spacecraft, saying:
Don’t assume aliens or little green men. A UFO is no more, no less than what the acronym says. It’s something in the sky that because of shape or color, aerodynamic characteristics or maneuvering appears to be an unknown. It doesn’t have an obvious explanation. It’s an unidentified flying object.
In the end he would be forced to admit that it was a mystery that will probably never be solved, although he remains hopeful when he says, “Although many years have gone by. I haven’t totally given up the notion that there might be someone out there who has a key piece of information.” In the meantime, we are left to wonder. What happened out at Elk River back in 1979? Why all of the military presence and the reports of something odd in the sky? What does it all mean? We may never know for sure, but it certainly is intriguing, to say the least.
From the “Things we never knew we should worry about” file comes this story from the world of atomic clock keepers (good work if you can get it). At the end of 2020, the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service confirmed that there would be no leap second added to the world’s atomic clocks responsible for official and precise timekeeping. This is a decision made every six months because the Earth’s rotation is not steady, precise and unwavering. To compensate as we do every four years with the Leap Day, atomic clocks get adjusted by leap seconds. Leap seconds have been added 27 times since 1972. That would seem to be a sign the planet’s rotation is slowing down … except the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service announced that a leap second may be SUBTRACTED in 2021 because the rotation has suddenly sped up. Sure, we were in a hurry to get out of 2020, but that was just a figure of speech. If Earth really is spinning faster, should we be worried?
According to Timeanddate.com (“the world’s number one website on time”), the speed-up actually began last year — the shortest day in 2020 was July 19, when the planet completed one spin 1.4602 milliseconds faster than 86,400 seconds (the average length of a day). They’re predicting that the acceleration will continue and astronomical days in 2021 will clock in 0.05 milliseconds shorter than average, which adds up to a 19 millisecond lag in atomic time – enough to necessitate subtracting a second from the atomic clocks. This is more controversial in atomic time circles (Atomic Time Circles — a great name for a band) than adding leap seconds, but both can cause problems. The New York Post reports that an added leap second in 2012 caused server crashes across a number of internet sites, including Reddit, Yelp and LinkedIn, and disrupted those using Linux operating systems and Javascript software.
We feel their pain, but what about the rest of us? Are we going to spin off the face of the Earth?
Earthsky.org says Earth’s rotation can be affected by a variety of events, ranging from slight changes in the distribution of mass in the Earth’s molten outer core, to movement of large masses of ice near the poles, to the density and angular momentum variations in the Earth’s atmosphere, to global warming (you knew it was coming) melting massive amounts of glaciers and polar ice. Severe seismic phenomena like the 9.0 Fukushima earthquake in 2011 caused displacements of portions of the Earth’s crust that sped up Earth’s rotation, shortening the day by 1.6 millionth of a second. As you can see, it’s difficult to determine what exactly is speeding things up.
Could giant aliens be messing with Earth’s rotation?
The good news is, we’re not in any danger of spinning off the face of the Earth – although it wouldn’t hurt to cut back on the greasy foods and fix that oil leak on your old car. We should be more worried about the possible negative effects on technology that a negative second could cause. Then again, we should be worried about that in general, with bad actors threatening to disrupt the power grids, the Sun constantly hitting us with solar flares and squirrels continuing to nibble on power lines.
I found a few interesting things in a Mars photo today...all of which point to one obvious fact...that intelligent life did exist on Mars. I say did, because all of these artifacts are ancient...tens of thousands of years old.
I found some broken bones, all near each other which makes me know that they are part of the same creature and maybe even part of just one large leg bone. I found some entrances to homes under rocks areas. I also found a face...which looks human carved in the stone...just like the ancient Egyptians did in mountains and walls. The face is similar to that of the ancient Hebrew slaves which helped build the pyramids. This is an archeologists dream come true.
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Linda Moulton Howe on the Greys, Implants, and E.T Projections
Linda Moulton Howe on the Greys, Implants, and E.T Projections
COAST TO COAST AM INSIDER Archived Show - Alien abductee Jim Sparks shared more of his experiences with the Grays. Unlike many other abductees, he says he has 95% conscious recall of these events which occurred to him frequently over an 18-year period. The 4.5 – 5ft. tall Grays, as opposed to the shorter bio-robotic types involved in abductions, are able to think up to 100 times faster than humans, and exclusively communicate using telepathy, he said.
Though they appear to have no emotions, the Grays actually have “long-term” feelings rather than immediate reactions, and while they don’t have names, they radiate different types of energy that signal their rank, he detailed. Investigative reporter Linda Moulton Howe joined in for part of the conversation, and she and Sparks discussed his contention that the aliens can exist in other dimensions, and are able to project themselves into our reality in varying increments.
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Unknown Bright Lights over Michigan and Oregon
Unknown Bright Lights over Michigan and Oregon
On the same day, January 6, 2021, unknown bright lights have been recorded over White Lake Michigan and Bend, Oregon.
Unknown bright light over White Lake Michigan
Date:January 6, 2021
Witness was driving home when he saw a bright orange orb in the sky on which he pulled over over and took a video of the object. This evening was cloudy, and leafless trees gave the video a nice gauge to see how it was moving. According to the witness, it definitely was not an airplane, nor a drone. It pulsated, brightened, and eventually faded out of sight. Mufon.
Unknown bright light over Bend, Oregon
Date: January 6, 2021
The witness while driving noticed an object with lights in the sky that wasn’t moving and there were no lights blinking He started recorded at that time it started moving. It looked disc shaped and the way it was moving was very odd. Mufon.
Stingray with bizarre devil face on it's back found in Tonga
Stingray with bizarre devil face on it's back found in Tonga
Adiver was exploring the reef around the island in the remote waters of Tonga off the island of Vava'u when he came across a southern stingray eating something in the sand. But what he saw immediately caught his eye as it appeared that the stingray had a clear image of a devil or ghostly monster face on its back.
The diver was surprised at how clear and vivid the image was and he first wondered if it was simply the result of sand and dust stuck on the stingray's skin.
As the scuba diver approaches to record this strange creature, it turned and sway away to resume its hunting in another path of sand.
Although it is obviously not an evil creature, it does not take a lot of imagination to see this as a ghoulish devil face cruising over the ocean bottom.
Fast unidentified flying object over White Lake, Michigan 6-Jan-2021
Fast unidentified flying object over White Lake, Michigan 6-Jan-2021
This really fast unknown object was flying across the night sky above White Lake in Michigan. This happened on 6th January 2021.
Witness report:
I was driving home through the adjacent subdivisions a mile from my house, and I saw the bright orange orb in the sky going east to west. My wife, son and I have seen them before on very clear nights, so I pulled over right away used my iPhone 12 to take a video of it. A car did pass me in the middle of the video, but before and after the car passed, I heard nothing. This evening was cloudy, and leafless trees gave the video a nice gauge to see how it was moving. It definitely was not an airplane, nor a drone. It pulsated, brightened, and eventually faded out of sight.
UFO lights filmed from a car over Bend, Oregon 6-Jan-2021
UFO lights filmed from a car over Bend, Oregon 6-Jan-2021
This strange unidentified flying object was seen and recorded in the sky above Bend, a small city on the Deschutes River, in Oregon on 6th January 2021.
Witness report:
I was driving to get a coffee in the morning like I do nearly every morning. I noticed an object with lights in the air that wasn’t moving and I thought it was odd. As I continued to drive down the road it moved to the west but I noticed that there were no lights blinking. I started recorded at that time and it started moving north. When it went over top of where my car was it clearly had lights around it and had amber lights and it had no blinking lights. I couldn’t tell 100% but it looked disc shaped and the way it was moving was very odd. It was also flying extremely low.
Filer’s Files 1 2021 Pale Human Skin only 8000 Years Old - PART I
Porto Alegre , Brazil on December 21, 2020.
Filer’s Files 1 2021 Pale Human Skin only 8000 Years Old - PART I
Major George A. Filer III ret. USAF
New Jersey State Director
MUFON Eastern Region Director
In special reports, this week’s files cover: Best photo of 2020, Former CIA Director Strange Alien Life is Here, Pale Skin of Humans Only 8,000 Years Old, Great conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn captured in stunning photos, 2020 Elections: Voting Machines Expose Hacking Risks – Bloomberg, and Reduce Your Bodies Age with c-60.com
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over California, Florida, Louisiana, Maine, New Mexico, New York, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Texas
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Belgium, Brazil, Canada, France, Japan, Mexico, and England in the United Kingdom.
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
Forward these files to your friends and neighbors.
Happy New Year
The year 2020 was a good year for UFOs with a thousand sighting s reported each month.
Filer’s Files 44, Best Photo of Year
Cranach, Canada disk on October 23, 2020, a coworker had stopped to take a picture of the drilling rig he was working on, South of Coronach, Saskatchewan n at the Westmoreland Coal mine. After he took the picture, he looked at it to check the quality. He noticed the object in the upper right and a second to the left of the derrick. He had shown me the picture after we had a conversation about the possibility of extra terrestrial life.
Special Projects
Former CIA Director Strange Alien Life is Here
John O. Brennan, CIA Director
A rather intriguing bit of UFO news popped up this week that may give us yet another peek into what the government knows about the Unidentified Aerial Phenomena, or at least thinks it knows. John O. Brennan, CIA Director under President Obama, gave an interview to Tyler Cowen at Marginal Revolution. Part of their conversation turned to the subject of the UAP Task Force and possible explanations for what these UFOs are and where they might come from. Rather than clamming up or simply laughing it off, Brennan took the question seriously. While he clearly wasn’t about to make some Earth-shattering announcement, he did offer some speculation which at least seems to hint at the idea that the CIA has pondered the subject and they aren’t ruling anything out.
COWEN: At the end of all that sifting and interpreting, what do you think is the most likely hypothesis?
BRENNAN: [laughs] I don’t know. When people talk about it, is there other life besides what’s in the States, in the world, the globe? Life is defined in many different ways. I think it’s a bit presumptuous and arrogant for us to believe that there’s no other form of life anywhere in the entire universe. What that might be is subject to a lot of different views.
But I think some of the phenomena we’re going to be seeing continues to be unexplained and might, in fact, be some type of phenomenon that is the result of something that we don’t yet understand and that could involve some type of activity that some might say constitutes a different form of life.
You can read or listen to the interview at Medium and it’s probably worth your time if you’re interested in this subject. They cover a lot more material than just UFOs, but the way Brennan answered the UAP question is of particular interest to me. Just from the transcript above, you can see that he begins the answer with a laugh, but it sounds more like a nervous laugh than any sort of mocking tone. He doesn’t sound entirely comfortable and goes on to string together a very large number of words that seem to dance around the question before delivering the final shot.
Pale Skin of Humans Only 8,000 Years Old
European Skin Turned Pale Only 8,000 years ago considered recently, Gene Suggests Ann Gibbons . Most of us think of Europe as the ancestral home of white people. But a new study shows that as well as other traits such as tallness and the ability to digest milk as adults, arrived in most of the continent relatively recently. The work, presented here last week at the 84th annual meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, offers dramatic evidence of recent evolution in Europe and shows that most modern Europeans don’t look much like those of 8000 years ago.
The origins of Europeans have come into sharp focus in the past year as researchers have sequenced the genomes of ancient populations, rather than only a few individuals. By comparing key parts of the DNA across the genomes of 83 ancient individuals from archaeological sites throughout Europe, the international team of researchers reported earlier this year that Europeans today are a mix of the blending of at least three ancient populations of hunter-gatherers and farmers who moved into Europe in separate migrations over the past 8000 years. The study revealed that a massive migration of Yamnaya herders from the steppes north of the Black Sea may have brought Indo-European languages to Europe about 4500 years ago.
Now, a new study from the same team drills down further into that remarkable data to search for genes that were under strong natural selection—including traits so favorable that they spread rapidly throughout Europe in the past 8000 years. By comparing the ancient European genomes with those of recent ones from the 1000 Genomes Project, population geneticist Iain Mathieson, a post-doc in the Harvard University lab of population geneticist David Reich, found five genes associated with changes in diet and skin pigmentation that underwent strong natural selection.
First, the scientists confirmed an earlier report that the hunter-gatherers in Europe could not digest the sugars in milk 8000 years ago, according to a poster. They also noted an interesting twist: The first farmers also couldn’t digest milk. The farmers who came from the Near East about 7800 years ago and the Yamnaya pastoralists who came from the steppes 4800 years ago lacked the version of the LCT gene that allows adults to digest sugars in milk. It wasn’t until about 4300 years ago that lactose tolerance swept through Europe.
When it comes to skin color, the team found a patchwork of evolution in different places, and three separate genes that produce light skin, telling a complex story for how European’s skin evolved to be much lighter during the past 8000 years. The modern humans who came out of Africa to originally settle Europe about 40,000 years are presumed to have had dark skin, which is advantageous in sunny latitudes. And the new data confirm that about 8500 years ago, early hunter-gatherers in Spain, Luxembourg, and Hungary also had darker skin: They lacked versions of two genes—SLC24A5 and SLC45A2—that lead to depigmentation and, therefore, pale skin in Europeans today.
But in the far north—where low light levels would favor pale skin—the team found a different picture in hunter-gatherers: Seven people from the 7700-year-old Motala archaeological site in southern Sweden had both light skin gene variants, SLC24A5 and SLC45A2. …..Eskimos who live in Alaska further north did not lighten their skin suggesting something else lightened their skin.
Editor’s Note”:Dead Sea Scrolls Speak of Ancient Astronauts, Science Catches Up to Bible Explanation of Our Alien Genes, Sumerian clay tablets claim life and humans created and brought to Earth.
Dead Sea Scrolls Speak of Ancient Astronauts
The Dead Sea Scrolls found in a cave near Jerusalem revealed the Earth was visited with extra-terrestrial visitors. Most religions of the world agree in the concept of Sons of Light and Sons of Darkness, good angels and evil ones, good aliens and bad. My research has indicated there are various groups of aliens with different intentions, their motivations may be very different and they often appear to be fighting one another. “The Zadokite Document,” discovered fifty years ago in an old synagogue in Cairo, confirms Genesis and mentions the landing of Spacemen, their giant offspring and immorality. “Because they walked in the stubbornness of their hearts, the Watchers of heaven fell, yea; they were caught thereby because they kept not the Commandments of God. So too their Sons whose height was like the lofty cedars and whose bodies were as mountains.
They also fell.” The Scriptures of the Dead Sea by Theodore H. Gaster.
Their visits have often been interpreted in religious terms, but the data is essentially truthful and often the best we have. Biologists search for protoplasm in ancient primordial soup. Archaeologists seek man’s origin in the mud. I search with shining eyes for our home in the stars.
Science Catches Up to Bible Explanation of Our Alien Genes
In whose image was the Adam – the prototype of modern humans, Homo sapiens – created? Genesis 1:26 (KJV). 26 And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that crept upon the earth.
Scientific teams have been deciphering the human genome that contains not the anticipated 100,000 – 140,000 genes (the stretches of DNA that direct the production of amino-acids and proteins) but only some 30,000+ — little more than double the 13,601 genes of a fruit fly and barely fifty percent more than the roundworm’s 19,098.
It is humbling to find our DNA is not that complicated at least when compared to other life forms Moreover, there is hardly any uniqueness to the human genes. They are comparative to 99 percent of the chimpanzees, and 70 percent of the mouse. Human genes, with the same functions, were found to be identical to genes of other vertebrates, as well as invertebrates, plants, fungi, even yeast.
It’s logical to assume some of our DNA cane from the Nordics or Clarions world that look just like Earthman except they are taller, have white skin, many have blue or green eyes and blonde hair. Some organisms are more complex, genetically, than simpler ones, adopting at each stage the genes of a lower life form to create a more complex higher life form – culminating with Homo sapiens. A designer or creator appears to have taken the simple DNA, and added more complex DNA forming each life form.
Francis Crick, the discoverer of DNA, although an atheist, published a book which subscribed to the theory of intelligent design, that our universe was not simply the result of a series of chemical accidents. He states, “Life did not evolve first on Earth, a highly advanced civilization became threatened so they devised a way to pass on their existence.They genetically-modified their DNA and sent it out from their planet on bacteria or meteorites with the hope that it would collide with another planet. It did, and that’s why we’re here.”
Our DNA was encoded with messages from that other civilization. They programmed the molecules so that when we reached a certain level of intelligence, we would be able to access their information, and they could therefore “teach” us about ourselves, and how to progress.
Sumerian clay tablets claim life and humans created and brought to Earth.
Planets Around the Sum Depicted on Wall Several Thousand Years Ago
Science claims we changed gradually during the evolutionary tree from bacteria to invertebrates (such as the lineages of yeast, worms, or flies – which have been deciphered) to vertebrates (mice, chimpanzees) and finally modern human. However 223 genes are completely missing in the invertebrate phase and chimpanzees still seem the same. Frankly they have no proof of how evolution suddenly changed dark skin to light, blue eyes, blonde hair, and the ability to drink milk all within a few years.
The logical explanation is alien interbreeding. The biggest detraction to this statement are the long distances to other planets or stars. I suggest we look up and see the thousand sightings of UFOs each month not from this earth proving our alien friends can make the trip in their space ships or by time travel
I suggest this insertion of genes was accomplished by design, a creator, the Elohim, or extra-terrestrials.
NASA has plans now under way to change Mars and make it habitable. A God or an advanced civilization likely had a hand in doing that for Earth
An immense difference now, at first glance it would seem that 223 genes is no big deal. In fact, while every single gene makes a great difference to every individual, 223 genes make an immense difference to a species such as ours. The human genome is made up of about three billion nucleotides (the “letters” A-C-G-T which stand for the initials of the four nucleic acids that spell out all life on Earth); of them, just a little more than one percent are grouped into functioning genes (each gene consists of thousands of “letters”). The difference between one individual person and other amounts to about one “letter” in a thousand in the DNA “alphabet.” The difference between Man and Chimpanzee is less than one percent as genes go; and one percent of 30,000 genes are 300. So, 223 genes are more than two thirds of the difference between me, you and a chimpanzee!
An analysis of the functions of these genes through the proteins that they spell out, conducted by the Public Consortium team and published in the journal Nature, shows that they include not only proteins involved in important physiological but also psychiatric functions.
Genesis 6 New American Standard Bible (NASB) the Corruption of Mankind. 6 Now it came about, when men began to multiply on the face of the land, and daughters were born to them, 2 that the sons of God saw that the daughters of men were [] beautiful; and they took wives for themselves, whomever they chose. The sons of God refer to men from space or heaven.
The excellent book “In the Footsteps of Eve the Mystery of Human Origins” Lee. R. Berger believes most early Homo sapiens developed around Johannesburg, South Africa, interestingly near the best gold mines on Earth. Ancient Sumerian records claim Mars or another planet needed gold flakes to save its atmosphere and needed workers in the mines.
We can make the assumption that modern man is related to the space visitors who brought wisdom from their civilizations and taught us to read and write and build cities. With an estimated thirty billion earths in our galaxy alone it is reasonable to assume that the Earth has been visited by extra-terrestrial visitors as our ancient texts such as the Bible, Mahabharata, Koran, Torah, and Sumerian and Akkadian clay tablets claim. Thanks to the journal Nature.
The recent origin of delta-CCR5 in man suggests a “breeding mutation” rather than natural selection, as a possible mechanism of appearance. Thus, one must delete both CCR5 genes at once to achieve a viral-resistant phenotype, which makes a spontaneous origin hard to believe. Could such a double deletion have been induced by germline genetic engineering, as a way of making a whole alien species viral resistant? Alternatively, if delta CCR5 arose on Earth only recently by random mutation, why did this valuable phenotype not show itself first in apes, or in primitive countries such as India or China where smallpox is rife? How could resistance to HIV have been achieved by natural selection 5000 years ago, if HIV came into man only recently in1955? Today we see delta-CCR5 almost exclusively among people of northeast European descent, as well as Ashkenazi Jews (Martinson, J. et al., Nature Genetics 16, 100-103, 1997.
The origin of that mutation dates to 5000 years ago, and it is associated with a blond, blue-eyed racial type. Could such a mutation have been introduced into local humans, by cross-breeding with some blond alien species in ancient Ireland or Scandinavia?
The game of checkers was first seen in Sumer, and was played by the people around 2500 BC. Sumerian Aliens Role on Humanity. According to the Sumerian Aliens theory, extra-terrestrial beings inhabited this earth long before man. It is believed that these beings ran out of resources on their own planet, and traveled to earth to mine its resources (gold in particular) to bring back to their home planet.
The Anunnaki Connection: Sumerian Gods, Alien DNA, and the Fate of Humanity [Heather Lynn PhD] on Amazon.com.
Over 6,000 years ago, the world’s first civilization, the Sumerians, were recording stories of strange celestial gods who they believed came from the heavens to create mankind. These gods, known as the Anunnaki, are often neglected by mainstream historians. The Sumerians themselves are so puzzling; scholars have described their origin as “The Sumerian Problem.”
With so little taught about the ancient Sumerians in our history books, alternative theories have emerged. This has led many to wonder, about the true story behind the Sumerians and their otherworldly gods, the Anunnaki. Lynn traces the evolution of these Mesopotamian gods throughout the Ancient Near East, analyzing the religion, myth, art, and symbolism of the Sumerians, investigating:
Some 8000 years ago there were only hunter-gathers and cavemen on Earth. Something happened and a civilization was developed in what is Iraq today.
The Sumerians in their writings claim the Anunnaki the sons of god taught them to write.
I spent some time with archeologist Zechariah Sitchin who translated many of Sumerian writings and told me much of Genesis in the Bible is based on the Sumerian documents.
The Sumerians The Message as Above, So Below
The Sumerian civilization, left clay tablets with their writing describing space visitors who taught the alphabet, writing and mathematics.
The Sumerian language is well-understood, and for many years archaeologists have studied the “myths” told about the Sumerian “gods” in stories such as the Epic of Gilgamesh.
Sitchin realized that eleven of the “gods” described in the Sumerian records were actually the heavenly bodies of our solar system (the planets plus the sun and moons). Sitchin further realized that the Sumerians had knowledge of the outer planets that, by all rights, they shouldn’t have had. Sitchin proved this to the world by submitting to NASA detailed descriptions of the outer planets (as found in the Sumerian records) BEFORE the NASA space probes reached these planets. Images sent back by the probes confirmed that the ancient Sumerians indeed knew what these planets looked like.
They also had a third gene, HERC2/OCA2, which causes blue eyes and may also contribute to light skin and blond hair. Thus ancient hunter-gatherers of the far north were already pale and blue-eyed, but those of central and southern Europe had darker skin.
Then, the first farmers from the Near East arrived in Europe; they carried both genes for light skin. As they interbred with the indigenous hunter-gatherers, one of their light-skin genes swept through Europe, so that central and southern Europeans also began to have lighter skin. The other gene variant, SLC45A2, was at low levels until about 5800 years ago when it swept up to high frequency.
The team also tracked complex traits, such as height, which are the result of the interaction of many genes. They found that selection strongly favored several gene variants for tallness in northern and central Europeans, starting 8000 years ago, with a boost coming from the Yamnaya migration, starting 4800 years ago.
The Yamnaya have the greatest genetic potential for being tall of any of the populations, which is consistent with measurements of their ancient skeletons. In contrast, selection favored shorter people in Italy and Spain starting 8000 years ago, according to the paper now posted on the bioRxiv preprint server. Spaniards, in particular, shrank in stature 6000 years ago, perhaps as a result of adapting to colder temperatures and a poor diet.
Surprisingly, the team found no immune genes under intense selection, which is counter to hypotheses that diseases would have increased after the development of agriculture.
The paper doesn’t specify why these genes might have been under such strong selection. But the likely explanation for the pigmentation genes is to maximize vitamin D synthesis, said paleoanthropologist Nina Jablonski of Pennsylvania State University as she looked at the poster’s results at the meeting. People living in northern latitudes often don’t get enough UV to synthesize vitamin D in their skin so natural selection has favored two genetic solutions to that problem—evolving pale skin that absorbs UV more efficiently or favoring lactose tolerance to be able to digest the sugars and vitamin D naturally found in milk. “What we thought was a fairly simple picture of the emergence of depigmented skin in Europe is an exciting patchwork of selection as populations disperse into northern latitudes,” Jablonski says. “This data is fun because it shows how much recent evolution has taken place.”
Anthropological geneticist George Perry, also of Penn State, notes that the work reveals how an individual’s genetic potential is shaped by their diet and adaptation to their habitat. “We’re getting a much more detailed picture now of how selection works.”
Note: The scientists fail to understand we have frequent visitors from other planets hat I have seen and spoken with. Numerous high ranking government authorities have told us they are here. Millions of dark skinned people have lived in Northern Europe and North America for centuries but their skin ha not become liter nor have their eyes turned blue unless they mated with people with those lighter traits.
Great conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn captured in stunning photos
Jupiter and Saturn, our solar system’s two largest planets, were visibly closer together on Monday night than they have been in 800 years — marking an extremely rare celestial event known as the “great conjunction.”
The conjunction occurs when the orbits of the two planets align every 20 years, but the event is not always visible, and the planets do not Getty Images typically come as close together as they did on December 21.
This time around, Jupiter and Saturn were just 0.1 degrees apart — less than the diameter of a full moon.
The planets were so close; they appeared, from some perspectives, to overlap completely, creating a rare “double planet” effect. However, while the planets appeared from Earth to be very, very close, in reality, they are still hundreds of millions of miles apart.
The event happened to coincide with the winter solstice and the week of Christmas, but it can occur during any time of year.
If you missed the spectacle, or if your sky appeared cloudy Monday night, don’t worry — the planets will still appear extremely close together in the Southwest night sky for the next several weeks
Trump Allies Eye Long-Shot Election Reversal in Congress, Testing Pence
The New York Times reports some House Republicans plan to try to use Congress’s tallying of electoral results on Jan. 6 to tip the election to President Trump. President Trump lost key swing states and his barrage of lawsuits claiming widespread voting fraud has been almost universally dismissed by judges, most recently by the Supreme Court. The Electoral College formally cast a majority of its votes for President-elect Joseph R. Biden Jr.
But as the president continues to refuse to concede, a small group of his most loyal backers in Congress is plotting a final-stage challenge on the floor of the House of Representatives in early January to try to reverse Mr. Biden’s victory. he president has every right to look into allegations and to request recounts under the law,” Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell said after news organizations declared Biden the 2020 winner.)
Constitutional scholars and even members of the president’s own party say the effort is all but certain to fail. But the looming battle on January6 is likely to culminate in a messy and deeply divisive spectacle that could thrust Vice President Mike Pence into the excruciating position of having to declare once and for all that Mr. Trump has indeed lost the election. According to the Constitution the Congress and Vice President Pence has the final vote.
Director of National Intelligence John Ratcliffe announced at a hastily arranged news conference on Wednesday that Iran and Russia were interfering in the election and both countries had obtained some voter registration information, though Ratcliffe did not specify what information they had and whether it was publicly available.
In addition, Iranian-based hackers appear intent on influencing and disrupting the election, US officials said. The Treasury Department responded by issuing sanctions against five Iranian entities “for attempting to influence elections in the United
States,” including the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.
Whoever actually carried out hacking of government computers also likely hacked the voting machines· It turns out that the threat was thousands of fraudulent mail-in voting ballots but the hacking of voting machines and vote counting machines was even worse.. Chinese hackers could have chosen to hack the Russians to make it appear they were not the hackers. It turns out most of the voting machines were easy to hack because they were designed to do so by the Argentina developers. Sophisticated Government computers have been hacked for at least since May and the atomic and energy system could be shut down when they choose.
Do not be naive the US has been under attack by Iran a, Russia, and Chin spies living with Congressmen, massive-cyber-attack theft of technological and military secrets, weather control including thousands of fires, trade agreements and biological warfare killing 300,000 Americans. Remember China claimed to be virus free last June. www.cnbc.com/2020/12/18/massive-cyber-attack…
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Filer’s most memorable case – the shooting of an alien at Fort Dix Army Base/ McGuire AFB in 1978 – is fully UFO information, for the first time, after decades of denying what its intelligence officers, pilots, and air traffic control personnel know to be true, the military finally admitted to what Filer describes in this incredible book. By John L. Guerra (Author) click on this link: https://amzn.to/2SmCKMy
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Filer’s Files 1 2021 Pale Human Skin only 8000 Years Old - PART II
Porto Alegre , Brazil on December 21, 2020.
Filer’s Files 1 2021 Pale Human Skin only 8000 Years Old - PART II
Major George A. Filer III ret. USAF
New Jersey State Director
MUFON Eastern Region Director
UFO Sightings in the United States
Sightings are from MUFON CMS
California Object
Modesto – On August 14, 2020, photo was taken of a strange pattern of lights. The witness did not elaborate on what was seen. It is assumed that something unusual was seen and a photo was taken versus just discovering something unusual in the background of a photo.
Imperial –– About 7:30, on October 5 2020, a friend of mine to look up in the sky behind my house. I saw of 7-8 mildly blinking lights, next to each other, evenly spaced apart, in a curved shape right above our back yard. I ran inside to get my mother and ran back outside, lights where farther away. And there was another set of 4-5 lights in similar formation, same color blinking lights. After about 5 minutes, the second set of lights disappeared. Got on my motorcycle and started driving towards their direction, and I decided to snap a picture. Instead I recorded a short video and then I took a picture. I drove towards the lights general direction and the lights seemed to stay hovering around a stationary elevation.
Florida Lights
Plededa – On January 7, 2020, a bright light stopped and then sped away fast. Note: The photo shows a strange shaped object yellow-orange in color. The object appears to be teardrop shaped. Thanks to Will Pucket/www.ufosnw.com/newsite/
Archer – On December 18, 2020, taking pictures of sunset some objects caught my eye. Not sure what they are but definitely not air planes. They were flying information the two on the bottom cross each other going in opposite directions.
Louisiana Triangle
Slidell – On December 21, 2020, my girlfriend and I was in the park looking for shooting stars from the Uri’s Meteor shower. From the Southwest a triangle shaped craft crossed directly over our heads traveling at a very high rate of speed making no sound and flew Northeast until out of sight. It was dark with 3 dim white lights traveling at an estimated 20,000 mph, at a height of 10,000 feet for 3 seconds.
Maine Lights
Island Appledore– On December 11, 2020, I checked my favorite cam located 7 miles off the New Hampshire and Maine coast on the Island of Appledore located in the Isles of Shoals. I forgot it was dark there even though only 2 in the afternoon. It pulsated, changed colors, and then turned into another shape. I changed the contrast of the screen shot.
Note: It looks to me like the stream camera zoomed in on something bright in the sky. (It could have been a celestial object or aircraft.) The apparent diamond shape is probably due to cropping of the object by the aperture which results in a diamond shape. Thanks to Will Pucket/www.ufosnw.com/newsite/
New Mexico Light
Albuquerque — I enjoy chasing storms to photograph lightning. On July 23, 2016, I was taking pictures looking south over the 4-Hills residential neighborhood near the east end of Kirtland Air Force Base. I did have an acquaintance with me although I was the only one taking pictures. Neither one of us ever saw the object visible in the photos. The total elapsed time is 20 minutes.
New York Lights
Long Island Expressway — On December 25, 2020, heading east my husband said look the UFO. I looked up and there it was. I was shaking and the video is hard to tell it was foggy and we couldn’t pull over, but I have never seen anything so enormous and clear in my life. It was so large, and it had a circular dome on top, another on the bottom, and the whole middle was made up of a circular flat disc. It looked exactly like a UFO in the movies. There were lights around the disc, a bright light on top of the upper dome, and a red light on the bottom of the lower dome that seemed to explode and brighten periodically which may have been related to twice a strong fat light beam came through from the bottom then sucked right back up. The red light almost was explosive, not a regular blinking light & the beam almost looked like the whole bottom was just opening up. I am now a believer because of what I saw.
Pennsylvania Triangle
Chitre – On December 18, 2020, hen reviewing a photo that I took inside my car, of the project of the new public market of Chitré. I observed something strange in the photo, I took two photos with a few seconds of difference, in one a UFO appears in the image and how it was inside the car It can’t be the reflection of the sun on my cell phone.
Tennessee Triangle
Cordova– May 15, 2019, between 9pm and 10 pm, I was sitting out on my apartment balcony on the second floor. My balcony faces north. I was relaxing after working out. I looked up on the sky because it was a calm night. Then I started to focus on it more a realized it was not a bird. It was a V shaped object moving from NE to SW right over my apartment complex, maybe between 500 to 1000 feet above me. I have seen a B2 stealth bomber. This was around that size but made no noise at all. This V shaped object made no noise and was moving slow because it took it a minute to pass out of my view. It had one globe light at the front and two globe lights under each wing. 5 in all and they were barely lit at all. I saw exactly what is in picture I have attached
Texas Orb
Lamb – On December 20, 2020, my husband and son were outside trying to make a skit video for our children’s YouTube channel. The skit; the skit was going to be about an alien invasion. My husband did not notice the flying object until he put the video on our computer you can hear my husband and son pretending to see “aliens” little did they now it seems like the non-reality became a reality.
I am freaked out as I have never seen anything like this before. I am scared and will never “pretend play” with aliens again.
Worldwide UFO Sightings
Belgium Light
Possible observation, well the sun was very bright on Monday in December more than usual so I started taking pictures of the sun, to see if there was anything unusual about the sun and then I saw the flying object in the picture that doesn’t really look like an airplane! I have also attached a photo of a second sun or planet, next to the sun
Brazil Object
Porto Alegre – On December 21, 2020, I made a full HD video with my Canon 550D camera equipped with an 18-55 lens. The lens was set in 25 mm focused in infinite. In the movie, I can see an object at high speed traveling a field of vision equal to 50 degrees in 0.4 seconds.
Canada Lights
Burlington, Ontario – On December 13, 2020, I looked up the morning sky and there were four green lights in a square shape. It could be nothing, but is worth reporting.
Note: The green square in the photo could be a reflection from ground lights. However, if the witness actually saw the square, this explanation would not suffice. This question was posed to the witness, but no response has been received. Thanks to Will Pucket/www.ufosnw.com/newsite/
France Lights
Le Bourg-Dun– December 29, 2016, .I observed some strange lights last night during a Nightscape session in this area. I decided to go back with my big telephoto lens (Nikko AF-S 600mm F4 G ED VR).There was a beautiful starry winter sky, at 9.40 pm … a strong bluish halo appeared flying coming towards the land. It was like a blue – green plasma bubble! This “thing” flew over the valley and came right in my axis! This machine was in a plasma bubble!!!I was paralyzed with fear! Then, it passed about 300 meters from me and he evolved above the treetops!! What I saw were four rectangles in the middle and 2 on the right and inside I could see electric arcs! 3 centimeters in relation to the rectangles and 4 centimeters below them, there was a “bell”
Japan Lights
August 20, 2018, I was in a flight home from Japan, we were a few hours into the flight to Chicago O’Hare airport. Pretty much everybody was asleep except me, watching a move with window open. The flight attendant was looking at every window, almost jogging to the back of the plane, saw my window open and sternly said, “Close the Window!”
I closed my window. About 5-10 minutes passed and my curiosity forced me to open the window and the sky, was lit up by these glowing spheres of light. They were bright red, blue, green, and yellow, suspended above, below and in the clouds spread out over miles. We were passing the last of the group of lights and I was able to get a picture. The camera made the picture really dark, but the lights were very bright and intense. It’s like they were huge Christmas lights just hung in the clouds.
Mexico Lights
Tijuana— On December 11, 2020, this is a video of a possible UFO. If there is any way you can zoom in with profession equipment and make it not look blurry. I am pretty sure it is strange.
Note:The video first shows two widely spaced lights. Later one of the lights splits into multiple lights and changes shape. The photographer may have zoomed into the object when the multiple lights began appearing. The video has been edited and enlarged. The sound is included in the video. The witnesses are speaking Spanish, but clearly they are excited by what they saw. Thanks to Will Pucket/www.ufosnw.com/newsite/
UK/England Light
Lowestoft– On December 19, 2020, I was cycling then saw what looked kind of like star in the sky, and then I noticed it was moving so I jumped of my bike and took a quick video of it. It was floating then would flash orange then move direction. I showed my father the video of the UFO, and looked up at the sky and noticed another one was moving around. My dad said it looks like its waiting for a friend about 10 minutes later of watching another appeared and they both flew towards each other missing by what looked like a few feet before one flew off and the first one stayed and then disappeared an hour later
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Filer’s Files salutes our fighting men and women; God Bless Our Troops, and Georgie, Elizabeth, and Victoria Filer, and Eddie Pedrick. May the Angels be your guide and take you to paradise.
Put another way, a young person in the U.S. is nearly 11 times as likely to die in a swimming pool than in a school shooting. Few public officials would say pools are doing a poor job protecting swimmers, but the statistics suggest that we need “more lifeguards at pools, as opposed to guards at schools,” Fox said
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The US Air Force investigated UFOs publicly for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
CAUTION MOST OF THESE ARE INITIAL REPORTS AND REQUIRE FURTHER INVESTIGATION. If you wish to stop receiving these files, please send a message to Majorstar@verizon.net.
Filer’s Files salutes our fighting men and women Georgie Filer and Eddie Pedrick my grandsons who both drowned. We pray that God will bless those who read these files spiritually.
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Brazil’s Roswell – Varginha’s UFO Legend Still Baffles Researchers
Brazil’s Roswell – Varginha’s UFO Legend Still Baffles Researchers
It’s often described as Brazil’s Roswell. Varginha is a municipality nestled in the south east corner of Brazil. It’s about a six hour drive to Rio De Janeiro.
On January 20th 1996, Varginha was suddenly gripped in a ufo frenzy. Similar to Roswell, a craft allegedly crashed near Varginhaand two beings reportedly survived.
But it’s the interpretation of what happened that baffles many well known ufo researchers who have studied this case.
Reports of one of the beings being taken to hospital and treated is now part of Varginha ufo folklore.
Sightings prior to and after the crash of alien beings adds further spice to the story. And the death of a soldier a week after touching one of the beings makes this story one of the most amazing ever recorded.
But is it all true? Did it really happen?
Brazil’s Roswell Had Everything
Varginha is often referred to as Brazil’s Roswell. In some respects, it is more fantastic than Roswell.
But many leading researchers still doubt it really happened as reported. The media hype that followed may have done nothing but “muddy the waters”.
The government denied being involved in the capture of extraterrestrials following the crash.
Unlike Roswell, Varginha was in better shape to receive a lot of exposure just for the reason it was 1996. That’s almost fifty years after the Roswell crash.
Some of the stories to surface following the crash included that of three women who claimed to have “seen the devil”.
Liliane and Valquíria Fátima Silva and Kátia Andrade Xavier say they saw a creature about five feet in height with a large head and a thin body on the afternoon of January 20th, 1996.
They say the creature had v-shaped feet, red eyes and seemed wobbly on its legs. A strong smell accompanied it.
The official result of the inquiry read that what the women saw was a “homeless, mentally unstable man” (so much for political correctness). Following this sighting, some mysterious events plagued the area for several months.
UFO sightings, an alien body recovered on the side of a road, sightings at a local zoo, and the unexplained death of three of the zoo’s animals.
But again, lack of evidence didn’t help confirm anything that took place.
Conspiracy theorists claim this was just a publicity stunt to “put Varginha on the map”. Tourism certainly picked up following the ufo incident much like Roswell.
The evidence that aliens and Varginha go hand-in-hand are hard to miss in many parts of the city.
Death Of A Soldier By Alien Touch
The death of a soldier a week after allegedly touching one of the alien beings sets this story apart from others.
The man was part of the Brazilian army secret service division and suffered from bouts of fever, nausea and severe dizziness in the days after touching one of the beings.
He wore no protection and his family according to ace Brazilian ufo researcher Thiago Luiz Ticchetti, have only recently found out the reasons for his death.
Burnt by a toxic substance still unknown, he allegedly suffered some type of radiation poisoning.
Ticchetti, in an interview with Aliens Revealed Live said the man developed an infection which he described as strange.
Ticchetti says he and his team of researchers have testimonies from two military personnel who were part of the retrieval of the two alien beings.
But he says they are too afraid to go public and say anything.
“Yes, I had never heard of a case before where a person touches an alien being, gets sick due to some kind of infection and dies”.
“We had another case in 1946 where a man was hit by a light from a UFO”.
“The light hit him in the arm and he started to get sick with his flesh literally starting to melt off his bones”.
But there are still strong signs of a cover up regarding the Varginha ufo event.
When I asked Ticchetti if the event attracted stories of the dreaded men in black he responded:
“No, never happened here”.
Brazil’s Roswell Probably Remains A Mystery
Much like Roswell, Varginha will probably remain the stuff of legends and conspiracies.
How many reports, books, documentaries or television shows have been dedicated to Roswell?
Too many to list here. The truth is, we probably will never know until full disclosure happens.
The same will apply to the Varginha ufo mystery. It happened twenty five years ago and the case is still not closed.
The following is an excerpt from my interview with Ticchetti about Brazil’s Roswell.
UFO Report In 180 Days – 29 Experts Weigh In On UFO Disclosure
UFO Report In 180 Days – 29 Experts Weigh In On UFO Disclosure
I must admit, when I first heard that a ufo report had been commissioned in six months by Congress as part of the recent emergency relief bill I felt little excitement.
As part of the almost 6000 page Covid-19 emergency relief bill, U.S. intel agencies are required to provide an unclassified report on ufos within 180 days.
That report is heading for the Senate intelligence committee.
It also must include what the report cites as any incidents or patterns that could indicate that U.S. airspace has been breached by possible adversaries who could put the U.S. at risk.
I felt little excitement. Deep down, I have the feeling not much will come of this.
The good news is, the whole world will be watching.
But whatever information is collected and presented, it’s likely that much of it is still going to be classified. That’s despite the ufo report to the Senate intelligence committee being described as unclassified.
I would have felt more excited if the gathering of information was done by an independent group. One not connected to the government but with the government’s blessing.
But of course that is fanciful thinking. It would never happen in a million years given this country’s power brokers lust for information control.
The ufo report basically has been ordered following the declassifying of three videos and information on encounters by the navy with UFOs.
I applaud the effort to commission the report of ufo activity but again, my excitement levels haven’t wavered at all. I would love to be proven wrong on this but I won’t be holding my breath for any startling revelations from within the government.
UFO Report – What Would A Post Disclosure World Look Like?
Last year, Aliens Revealed Live presented a three day online summit featuring up to thirty speakers on all things ufos and the paranormal.
One of the questions I asked each expert was “what would the world look like post disclosure?”. The responses were wide and varied which was the aim of the exercise.
One of the great things about being human is we are not built to be clones. We’ve been given free will. We all see things differently. We all have different opinions on things.
Some express them more loudly than others.
And we have been given the ability to question. Yes, question everything. Trouble is, most of us don’t. Despite having our own opinions and thoughts, somehow we still let the powerful few lead us and it’s not usually to a good place.
Anyway, I got a little sidetracked.
Disclosure 2021?
The responses were fascinating. From researcher Grant Cameron who said ”Kit Green now famously tied into To The Stars – he said it 12 years ago – Uncle Sam and the intelligence committee are clueless and there are intelligence people playing bad games. My conclusion is yes, they’re leading us. And I think disclosure may have actually happened”.
Contact experiencer Rebecca Renfro Bourneman who said “It’s happening already. And it has been the beautiful work of Hollywood. Even if you don’t like Hollywood, the work they are doing is good; the bad part is, the majority of the films are looking like we have to fight the aliens”.
Ace researcher and author Peter Robbins said “unlike many other governments at this point, people waiting for them to come clean, shouldn’t be holding their breath”.
Nick Redfern who’s written about forty books on all things ufo-related said “my view for people in the disclosure field is, either put up what you’ve got or shut up until you’ve got something one hundred percent solid to share with us”.
Cofounder of the Edgar Mitchell Foundation for Research on Extraterrestrial and Extraordinary Experience Rey Hernandez said “There is no pending disclosure. Disclosure is happening right now”.
Linda Moulton Howe said “I think that what we as the human family deserve is to get some honesty about the fact that we’re not alone in this universe. That other intelligences have been coming and going on this planet and basing themselves here when they wanted to”.
And Paradigm Research Group’s Stephen Bassett said “I believe we will very shortly see aggressive new developments regarding this disclosure issue and a lot of those are going to come directly or indirectly from the government itself and the media”.
The UFO Report And Disclosure Video
I collated the responses and edited them together in a forty two minute video.
It’s simply called the “Disclosure video” and features responses from each of the experts who took part in the summit.
We’ve produced bits and pieces of this video during the past year but now we present it in full.
And feel free to add your “two cents worth” in the comments section below.
An exceptional nine-minute Navy video of a UFO displaying highly unusual behavior, studied by Chilean authorities for the last two years, is now being released to the public. The CEFAA - the Chilean government agency which investigates UFOs, or UAP (unidentified aerial phenomena), has been in charge of the investigation. Located within the DGAC, the equivalent of our FAA but under the jurisdiction of the Chilean Air Force, CEFAA has committees of military experts, technicians and academics from many disciplines. None of them have been able to explain the strange flying object captured by two experienced Navy officers from a helicopter.
The Chilean government agency always makes its cases public when an investigation is complete, and acknowledges the existence of UAP when a case merits such a conclusion.
General Ricardo Bermúdez, Director of CEFAA during the investigation, told me that “We do not know what it was, but we do know what it was not.” And “what it is not” comprises a long list of conventional explanations. Here is what happened:
On November 11, 2014, a Chilean Navy helicopter (Airbus Cougar AS-532) was on a routine daytime patrol mission flying north along the coast, west of Santiago. On board were the pilot, a Navy Captain with many years of flying experience, and a Navy technician who was testing a WESCAM’s MX-15 HD Forward Looking Infra Red (FLIR) camera, used most often for “medium-altitude covert intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance,” according to the product website. The aircraft was flying at an altitude of approximately 4,500 feet on a clear afternoon with unlimited horizontal visibility, and the air temperature at that height was 50 degrees F (10 C). There was a cloud base above at 10,000 feet, and a layer of stratuscumulos clouds below. The helicopter was flying at about 132 knots, or 152 mph.
EVOGOL AT ENGLISH WIKIPEDIA
A Chilean Navy AS 532SC Cougar helicopter in Mejillones, Chile.
At 1:52 pm, while filming the terrain, the technician observed a strange object flying to the left over the ocean. Soon both men observed it with the naked eye. They noticed that the velocity and the altitude of the object appeared to be about the same as the helicopter, and estimated that the object was approximately 35 to 40 miles (55-65 km) away. It was traveling W/NW, according to the Captain. The technician aimed the camera at the object immediately and zoomed in with the infra red (IR) for better clarity.
COURTESY CEFAA
The route of the helicopter derived from the displayed geographic coordinates displayed on the camera.
Shortly thereafter, the pilot contacted two radar stations - one close by on the coast, and the other the main DGAC Control system (Ground Primary Radar) in Santiago - to report the unknown traffic. Neither station could detect it on radar, although both easily picked up the helicopter. (The object was well within the range of radar detection.) Air traffic controllers confirmed that no traffic, either civilian or military, had been reported in the area, and that no aircraft had been authorized to fly in the controlled air space where the object was located. The on-board radar was also unable to detect the object and the camera’s radar could not lock onto it.
The pilot tried several times to communicate with the UAP, using the multi-national, civilian bandwidth designed for this purpose. He received no reply.
The technician filmed the object for nine minutes and twelve seconds, mainly in IR. This sensor produces a black and white video in which the black, white and grey tones are directly related to temperature. IR detects heat, and the hotter the material being filmed, the darker it appears on the image. The officers stopped the camera when they had to return to the base and the object disappeared behind the clouds.
The Navy immediately turned over the footage to the CEFAA, and General Bermúdez, accompanied by nuclear chemist Mario Avila, a CEFAA scientific committee member, conducted interviews with the two officers at their Navy base. “I was very impressed by these witnesses,” Avila told me. “They were highly trained professionals with many years experience, and they were absolutely certain that they could not explain what they saw.” Both offiicers also provided written reports at the base, as is required, and for CEFAA.
The Navy Captain stated that the object was a “flat, elongated structure” with “two thermal spotlights like discharges that did not coincide with the axel of motion.” The technician described it as as “white with a semi-oval shape on the horizontal axis.”
COURTESY CEFAA
The video depicts two connected white circular lights or hot spots, giving off much heat (left). This image was part of an analysis by astrophysicist Luis Barrera. “Envoltura” means “envelope.”
But there is one additional component that makes this footage particularly unique: “In two instances it discharged some type of gas or liquid with a high thermal track or signal,” the technician stated. After filming for about eight minutes, the stunning ejection of a massive plume of a very hot material is captured on the video, trailing behind the object. (The plume blended into the clouds when seen in HD.) Another ejection occurred moments later. It is indeed bizarre to watch this on the video.
COURTESY CEFAA
The object moved away from the massize plume it ejected just moments earlier.
Following are the three key video excerpts in chronological order; later I include the full ten minute video. Note that at times the camera switches from IR to HD mode. I recommend watching these silent video clips on a large monitor.
The first one shows the object in motion. The camera captured this for about eight minutes prior to the spectacular display in the next video. (Click “back to youtube video” at the end to prevent a new unrelated video from starting.)
This clip shows the first expulsion of the hot material from the object and the object’s movement away from the plume:
The second expulsion occurred at the end of the video:
During the following two years, at least eight somewhat contentious meetings were held with members of the baffled CEFAA scientific committee, some of which included the active Air Force General who directs the DGAC. According to CEFAA international affairs director Jose Lay, the general tone of the meetings was astonishment: “What the hell is that?” No agreement could be reached to explain the video - theories that were proposed were ruled out by the data.
COURTESY CEFAA
A rather somber meeting of the CEFAA scientific and military committee to discuss the Navy video. The DGAC Director presided (with his back to the camera).
Written reports or video analyses were provided by the well-known astrophysicist Luis Barrera; an image expert from the Air Force photogrammetric service; photo and video analyst Francois Louange and colleagues from France, arranged through the French agency GEIPAN; Luis Salazar, Chilean Air Force meteorologist; a DGAC aeronautic engineer; a digital images specialist from the National Museum of Aeronautics and Space in Santiago; and Mario Avila, a nuclear chemist. All radar, satellite weather data, and details of air traffic in that sector at that time were provided.
COURTESY CEFAA
DGAC’s Director, Air Force General Victor Villalobos, attended two committee meetings on the case.
The French analysts proposed that the object was a “medium-haul aircraft” coming in for a landing into the Santiago airport, and “the effluent trail observed on two occasions probably results from dumping some cabin waste water, forming a plume oriented along the local wind blowing from the west.” They based this on their calculation that the distance between the two hot spots was “consistent with the standard distance between the two jet engines of a medium-haul aircraft.”
Chilean experts knew that this would have been impossible, for a number of reasons: This plane would have been seen on primary radar; it would have had to be cleared for landing in Santiago or at another airport; it would likely have responded to radio communications. Airplanes do not throw out water when landing. In fact, in Chile a plane wishing to eject any material must request permission from the DGAC before doing so; that regulation is widely known and respected. And, it seems unlikely that this experienced pilot would not have recognized this as an airplane, or at least kept that option open afterwards if it were a possibility.
In fact, if - hypothetically - water was expelled, it would have immediately plummeted to the ground given the warm air temperature. According to NASA, “Contrails are human-induced clouds that usually form at very high altitudes (usually above 8 km - about 26,000 ft) where the air is extremely cold (less than -40ºC). Because of this, contrails form not when an airplane is taking off or landing, but while it is at cruise altitude.” The plume ejected from the object must have been some kind of gas or energy, and was not something tangible like water.
The French calculations confirmed that the UAP’s altitude was the same as the helicopter’s, and that “the helicopter’s velocity along its linear trajectory was constant (120 kt),” just as the witnesses had stated. In addition, Louange and his colleagues determined that the average distance between the helicopter and the object was “almost exactly the estimated value reported by the Navy (55 km).” Clearly the two witnesses were competent and accurate observers.
Data from the various reports eliminate other conventional explanations. Meteorologists determined that no weather balloons were in the sky at that time, and noted that a ballon would not move horizontally along with the plane because the wind was blowing from the west towards the shore. Comparing the footage to similar IR satellite imagery with known temperature values, they stated that the object’s temperature must have been higher than 122 degrees F (50 C). The object was not a drone; all drones require registration with the DGAC and whenever flown, the DGAC is informed, just like it is with aircraft. Also, radar would register drones. CEFAA staff went up the chain of command to a Navy Admiral who informed them that there were no joint Naval exercises underway with the US or any other country. The Admiral confirmed that this could not have been a US drone, or any type of espionage or secret vehicle from a foreign country.
Astrophysicist Barrera explored the possibility of space junk re-entry - especially Russian - which somehow may have broken and released compressed gases at this low altitude. It was confirmed that no space debris entered the atmosphere on that date in that location, and in any case, such an object would have fallen rapidly and not flown horitzontally. Two independent experts on explosives told CEFAA staff that in such a scenario, the rounded vehicle would explode in the air due to the high internal pressure, and that the gas would catch fire in a flash. And any such re-entries would have been communicated to the Chilean government so that aircraft can be warned, as is the protocol.
Barrera also noted that when the first ejection event occurred, the material came out from two different parts of the object and then joined in space making one wake. The first was massive and dark in the IR (meaning very hot); the second lighter and semi-transparent.
Air Force photo analysts confrmed that the object was a real, three dimensional form with volume and that it “has control in its movements.” It was not affected by the winds, reflected the light, and threw out “some kind of energy.” They established that there was no evidence of hoaxing or of “alteration of the video by any computer application in the editing and processing of the images.” They also ruled out a bird, flying insect, drone, parachute or hang glider. “It can be concluded that the object has all the characteristics to be classified as an unidentified aerial phenomenon” wrote Alberto Vergara, the lead analyst from the Air Force Photogrammetric Department.
It is unclear how much of the apparent horizontal motion of the object may be the clouds moving or the relative motion of the camera on the helicopter, but the witnesses reported that the object kept pace with the chopper and the French analysts confirmed this. Also noteworthy is the fact that when in HD mode, the large plume looked like part of the cloud and would never be noticed as anything unusual by an observer. Without the IR camera, it would have been difficult to see the white object against the sky and impossible to capture this remarkable footage. It makes one wonder what kind of actiivites may take place within clouds that are unknown to us.
Here is the full ten minute video of the sighting:
“This has been one of the most important cases in my career as director of CEFAA because our Committee was at its best, “ General Bermúdez said in an email. “The CEFAA is well regarded partly because there is full participation from the scientists of the academic world, the armed forces through their representatives, and the aeronautic personnel from the DGAC, including its Director. I am extremely pleased as well with the conclusion reached which is logical and unpretentious.” The official conclusion was that “the great majority of committee members agreed to call the subject in question a UAP (Unidentified Aerial Phenomenon) due to the number of highly researched reasons that it was unanimously agreed could not explain it.”
This case represents one of the most puzzling and fascinating of all cases in the CEFAA files, according to Jose Lay. “It is our first video taken with a sophisticated camera in the infra red; the first time we have ever seen the ejection of a substance from a UAP; the first time we have a sighting lasting over nine minutes with two highly reliable witnesses,” he said when we spoke.
OPENMINDS.TV/CEFAA
General Ricardo Bermúdez has directed the CEFAA since its inception in 1997. He retired on Jan. 1, 2017, but will remain an advisor to the agency.
The CEFAA has been a world leader in official and open investigations of UFOs. I have been priviledged to work closely with the staff there for about five years, learning a great deal. At the end of December, General Bermúdez retired, and although he remains an external advisor to the agency, Lay has assumed the duty of interim director until another General is appointed by the DGAC. I am grateful to General Bermúdez for giving me access to the outstanding CEFAA case files, inviting me to attend meetings there, and for his time in answering my questions. He has left a tremendous legacy with regards to the serious study of UAP and the official recognition of a real unexplained phenomenon in our skies.
Professor: UFOs, Aliens are Human Anthropologists From Future
Professor: UFOs, Aliens are Human Anthropologists From Future
In a recent experiment, scientists reversed the arrow of time for a split second, simulating the possibility of time travel using quantum particles called qubits. The experiment was a far cry from achieving time travel anytime in the near future, but if it provides even a modicum of possibility it would support Dr. Michael P. Masters’ theory that UFOs and aliens might just be future anthropologists traveling back in time to study their ancestors — us.
Masters completed his Ph.D. in Anthropology at the Ohio State University and is currently a professor of biological anthropology at Montana Tech. His resume also cites coursework in astrobiology, astronomy, and physics – needless to say, he has some pretty relevant credentials.
Our Future Humanoid Alien Descendants
In his bookIdentified Flying Objects: A Multidisciplinary Scientific Approach to the UFO Phenomenon, Masters explores the evolution of humans in relation to our hominin ancestors, and our likely progression as a species moving forward. Based on the trajectory of our physical, intellectual, and technological development, he says he believes the common trope of the hairless, large-headed, technologically advanced alien is likely where evolution is leading us.
Humans have evolved to become (relatively) hairless creatures compared to our ancestors and many anthropologists believe we’ll eventually lose it entirely as it doesn’t really serve much of a function anymore, save aesthetics. Add to that the fact that our skull size has doubled and tripled to support a larger brain compared to the smaller cranium of ancestors like Homo erectus and Australopithecus, respectively.
“The phenomenon may be our own distant descendants coming back through time to study us in their own evolutionary past,” Masters told a local television station in his home state of Montana. “The extra-tempestrials are ubiquitously reported as being bipedal, upright-walking, five fingers on each hand and foot, bi-lateral symmetry, that they have two eyes, a mouth, a nose, and they can communicate with us in our own languages.”
Dr Michael P. Masters
If that’s the case, and close encounters with aliens are really close encounters with our future relatives, the term extraterrestrial wouldn’t be appropriate to describe our humanoid alien descendants. That’s why Masters coined the term, extratempestrials.
Much like the theme of Michael Crichton’s 1999 novel Timeline, Masters imagines how incredible it would be for future archeologists and anthropologists to travel back in time to study the eras and people we’ve only imagined from our history textbooks.
The Moon has water ice hiding near its poles, which is something that is a fairly recent discovery.
The ice could hold clues about where the water on Earth came from and tell us a lot about the history of the Earth-Moon system.
An increasing number of missions to the Moon’s poles could potentially contaminate the ice and taint future discoveries, scientists now warn.
The Moon is far from the dry, dusty rock that astronomers of decades past assumed it was. There’s actually water on the Moon, and we know this thanks to high-tech observations that have uncovered its presence in the form of ice. This ice is located mostly at the Moon’s poles, hidden in deep craters where rays from the Sun never reach.
That ice could be incredibly important from a scientific perspective. Pristine and untainted, the frozen water could offer researchers a clue as to how water arrived on Earth as well as the Moon. However, it will only continue to be valuable and important if it remains unspoiled, and with an increasing number of missions targeting the Moon’s poles, scientists are now worried that these efforts of exploration may ultimately ruin the frozen water.
A new article published by Nature lays out the case for taking great care in exploring these regions of the Moon, specifically those that hope to utilize the ice in the making of fuel or as a resource for ongoing or future missions.
Water on the Moon is indeed a resource that could be used in the production of fuels that could send missions deeper into the solar system than we’ve gone before. However, it is that same ice that could reveal some incredibly interesting things about the Moon, the Earth, and our system as a whole.
There are scientists on both sides of the argument. Some believe we should use the ice since it’s there, and it’s clearly a resource that could be used for exploration of the cosmos. Meanwhile, others believe it is too important to be tampered with at this time, and that it should be preserved until we can safely obtain samples for study.
Right now, the best guess for how Earth got its water after being covered in molten rock during its formative years is that water in asteroids and comets that crashed into Earth eventually pooled in huge amounts, forming our planet’s oceans and eventually lakes and other water systems.
We’ll have to wait and see how this all unfolds, but based on the fact that there’s no governing body that decides what happens to resources on other worlds, odds are that whoever gets there first will be able to do whatever they want. Whether their aims are to sample and study the ice or harvest it for fuel remains to be seen.
Researchers have been busily building a prototype of a 33-pound (15 kg) lunar mini-robot, set to be the key instrument in a future mission aimed at capturing high-definition images of moon pits.
Artist’s concept of a PitRanger surveying a lunar pit.
Image via William Whittaker/ USRA/ Carnegie Mellon University.
Curious about the pristine and peculiar science environments that might lie below the surface of the moon? Meet PitRanger, a tiny rover currently being designed to explore deep pits below the moon’s surface.
PitRanger is currently on track to become the key instrument in a short-term moon mission aimed at capturing high-definition 3D images of lunar pits. These deep, steep-walled holes are thought to have been shaped billions of years ago by a once-geologically-active moon. Funded by the NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts Program (NIAC), the mini-robot will weigh 33 pounds (15 kg) and be solar-powered. The decision to use solar power, in particular, poses challenges, alongside advantages, on a world whose day and night last about two earthly weeks.
Although no launch dates have been proposed yet, the mission is envisioned for launch in either 2021 or 2022. The prototype is being built by robotics research scientist William Whittaker and his team at Carnegie Mellon University. The prototype has already undergone and passed testing by performing at a sinkhole here on Earth.
Whittaker provided an update on his work during a virtual NIAC meeting held in September 2020, noting that significant progress has been made in PitRanger’s development.
Whenever it’s launched, PitRanger will be a brief mission in contrast to previous moon rover missions, because of the length of lunar day and night. A lunar day lasts about 14 Earth days, and because solar-powered PitRanger depends on the sun for energy, the equally long lunar night becomes an opportunity for impending robot death. Whittaker emphasized this by saying:
It only has 12 days, not 12 years, to complete its mission.
PitRanger is also different from previous moon exploration missions because of its autonomy. The PitRanger robot rover is designed with the strategic decision-making and imaging capabilities required to navigate risky ledges around a pit. Autonomy for quick missions like this one is becoming a necessary technology, these scientists say, since supervision and guidance from controllers on the ground won’t be available to small, solar-powered rovers like PitRanger.
The small lunar rover will roll at a top speed of 1 inch (2.5 cm) per second, and will be outfitted with a telephoto lens and panoramic unit in conjunction with a single solar panel. These features will work together using a panel-tilt mechanism to aim the camera at the pit, taking images at various angles that reach the pit’s far wall and floor. PitRanger will be accompanied by a lander. The rover will be programmed with the software smarts to prune and process images that’ll later be transferred to the lander for modeling. The little robot will do this repeatedly, wheeling back to the pit multiple times to acquire thousands of images and measurements. Once that work is done, the end result will be a photogrammetric model of the captured pit, providing an up-close and detailed look at what’s inside, as well as hard numbers on the pit’s shape, size, and other relevant features. These measurements should provide insights into how geologic forces play out on a world like the moon where, for example, the pull of gravity is only 1/6 as strong as here on Earth. Spacecraft cameras in lunar orbit are unable to make these sorts of measurements, or match this level of detail. Whittaker said:
The scenario is to rove to a pit with a micro-rover, peer into the pit, acquire images of walls, floors, caverns, and then generate pit models … Pit walls offer the only observable pristine geology on the moon. They are unique opportunities to observe volcanology, morphology and much more.
PitRanger may need to make multiple maneuvers to profile a lunar pit, as this illustration depicts.
It’s still unclear whether PitRanger will visit a single moon pit or if there will be multiple pits on its agenda. More likely it will visit more than one. There is also no discussion circulating on which pits are currently being targeted. The moon’s surface is battered by these holes, with more than 200 documented by NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft. Pits range in size from roughly 15 feet (5 m) across to more than half a mile (1 km) in diameter. NASA says that most pits were found either in large craters with impact melt ponds – areas of lava that formed from the heat of the impact and later solidified – or in the lunar maria – dark areas on the moon that are extensive solidified lava flows hundreds of miles across. Exploring these pits would reveal valuable details about the voids in which they formed.
Moon pits, caves, and lava tubes – formed by flowing magma and covered in tiny crystals – are like windows to the moon’s history both within and below its surface. New technology intended for subsurface lunar exploration has been imagined by engineers in recent years, especially since NASA’s plans to return humans to the moon are just over the horizon. Whittaker said that if accessible, these geologic features could be havens from radiation, extreme temperatures, dust storms, and micrometeorite hazards of the moon’s surface. With this considered, peering into moon pits may not only prove monumental in understanding our natural satellite’s history, but also in creating a safe habitat on the lunar surface, which could be a jumping-off point for human missions to Mars.
These images from NASA’s LRO spacecraft show all of the known mare pits and highland pits. Each image is 728 feet (200 m) wide.
Image via NASA/ Goddard Space Flight Center/ Arizona State.
Bottom line: Researchers are building a prototype of a 33-pound (15 kg) lunar mini-robot – called PitRanger – set to be the key instrument in a future mission aimed at capturing high-definition images of moon pits.
Biggest asteroid to pass Earth in 2021 also one of the fastest
Biggest asteroid to pass Earth in 2021 also one of the fastest
Posted by Eddie Irizarry in ASTRONOMY ESSENTIALS | SPACE
On March 21, when asteroid 2001 FO32 sweeps past Earth, it’ll be moving at such a fast pace that observers using telescopes might be able to detect its motion – its drift in front of the stars – in real time.
This is a simulated view of asteroid 2001 FO32 on approach to Earth’s vicinity on January 6, 2021. The lines are orbits of planets in our solar system; see Earth’s orbit (3rd planet from the sun)? The asteroid is still far away, but it’ll be closest on March 21, the day after the March equinox, sweeping within about 5 lunar distances, moving at about 21 miles (34.4 km) per second. See orbit simulation.
The biggest known asteroid to pass in 2021 will sweep by on March 21. Asteroid 2001 FO32 is estimated to be about .6 miles (1 km) in diameter, not quite as long as the Golden Gate Bridge, but comparable in length. Although there’s no risk of impact, the space rock is of interest also because it’s one of the fastest space rocks known to fly by Earth. It’s traveling at about 76,980 miles per hour (123,887 km/h) or 21 miles (34.4 km) per second, relative to Earth. In contrast, Earth travels around the sun at about 18 miles (30 km) per second. Since 2001 FO32 is good-sized and occasionally passes near Earth, it’s been classified as a Potentially Hazardous Asteroid. Its orbit is well known, and it poses no risk of impact.
On March 21, 2021, FO32’s closest approach to Earth will occur at 16:03 UTC; translate UTC to your time. At its closest, it’ll be about 5 lunar distances away, or about 1.3 million miles (2,016,351 km). SpaceReference.org reported:
Based on its brightness and the way it reflects light, 2001 FO32 is probably between 0.767 to 1.714 kilometers (.5 miles to 1 mi) in diameter, making it larger than ~97% of asteroids but small compared to large asteroids.
A fascinating aspect of asteroids is that observers using backyard telescopes can spot them as apparently slow-moving “stars.” It typically takes at least 5 to 10 minutes for backyard telescope users to detect a space rock’s motion in front of its starfield. But asteroid 2001 FO32 will be sweeping past Earth at such a fast pace that, when it’s closest, observers using 8″ or larger telescopes might be able to detect its motion – its drift in front of the stars – in real time.
We note that the space rock will be too faint to see wth the unaided eye. It’ll be visible to observers using 8″ or larger diameter telescopes. You must aim your telescope at the correct position in the sky, at the right time. The charts in this post provide details. You might also check Stellarium online or TheSkyLive for more details on observing.
One caveat for northern observers. The asteroid is placed relatively low in the southern sky. As asteroid 2001 FO32 passes by Earth, observers using telescopes might try to spot it as it glides through the southern constellations of Scorpius and Sagittarius. For observers in the southern U.S., the asteroid will be low in the sky, above the southern horizon (about 20 degrees or lower), just before dawn on March 21, 2021. Observers at lower latitudes and in the southern hemisphere will be better placed to take a look through a telescope.
After it passes by Earth in March 2021, the next encounter of this asteroid with our planet occurs in 31 years, on March 22, 2052. However, the 2021 approach will be its closest to Earth for the next 200 years for which its orbit has been calculated.
Asteroid 2001 FO32 was discovered on March 23, 2001, by the Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR), near Socorro, New Mexico.
The space rock’s orbit carries it around the sun every 810 days (2.22 years). It comes as close to the sun as 0.30 astronomical units (1 AU = 1 Earth-sun distance). It travels as far from the sun as 3.11 AU. Its orbit is highly elliptical (as opposed to being closer to circular).
Location of asteroid 2001 FO32 on March 20, 2021, at 3:45 am ET, as seen from southern U.S. The space rock will be too faint to see wth the unaided eye, but visible to observers using 8″ or larger diameter telescopes.
Illustration by Eddie Irizarry using Stellarium.
Location of asteroid 2001 FO32 on March 20, 2021, at 3:45 am ET. Observers using a computerized or “Go To” telescope can point their instrument at one of these reference stars a few minutes before, and wait for the asteroid, which will appear as a slowly moving “star.”
Illustration by Eddie Irizarry using Stellarium.
Location of Asteroid 2001 FO32 on March 21, 2021, at 4:45 am ET, just hours before its closest approach to Earth, so the asteroid’s motion will be easiest to detect in real time through a telescope.
Illustration – set for southern U.S. – by Eddie Irizarry using Stellarium.
Location of the space rock on March 21, 2021n at 4:45 am ET, just hours before its closest approach to Earth. Have a computerized or Go To telescope? Point your optics to one of these reference stars a few minutes ahead, and wait for Asteroid 2001 FO32. This illustration shows the location of the space rock on March 21, 2021 on 4:45 am ET, just hours before its closest approach to Earth, so the asteroid’s motion will be very easy to detect in real time through the telescope.
Illustration by Eddie Irizarry using Stellarium.
Another angle on the orbit of asteroid 2001 FO32. The space rock completes an orbit around the sun every 810 days (2.22 years).
Image via NASA/ JPL.
Bottom line: Asteroid 2001 FO32 is the biggest known asteroid to sweep past Earth in the year 2021. It will fly by at such a fast pace that, when it’s closest, observers using telescopes might be able to detect its motion – its drift in front of the stars – in real time.
Scientists have uncovered evidence of an advanced water treatment system, built more than 2,000 years ago, in the ancient Mayan city of Tikal in the tropical forests of Guatemala. The Mayans used the mineral zeolite in the treatment system to filter out harmful microorganisms and toxic chemicals. This system represents the oldest known example of a water treatment system in the Western Hemisphere. The new research waspublished in the peer-reviewed journal Scientific Reports on October 22, 2020.
At its peak, the ancient Mayan city of Tikal is believed to have been the home to at least 60,000 people, and scientists have discovered the remains of more than 3,000 structures located around the city. The city was located in the area that is now Guatemala in Central America.
Scientists collected sediment cores from three drinking water reservoirs in Tikal that were used to store water from approximately 2,200 to 1,100 years ago. Mineral analyses revealed the presence of zeolite at one particular site known as the Corriental reservoir. Zeolite is an aluminosilicate mineral that has many pores and is an excellent material for trapping drinking water contaminants like harmful microorganisms and toxic metals. Because of its unique properties, zeolite is often used in modern water purification systems.
Zeolite.
Image via U.S. Geological Survey and Mineral Information Institute/ Wikimedia Commons.
The zeolite found in Tikal was likely collected from distant mineral deposits located about 19 miles (30 km) northeast of the drinking water reservoir and was transported back to the city, according to the scientists from the University of Cincinnati who performed the analyses. It is possible that the Mayans became of aware of the excellent water quality in the area containing the zeolite deposits and this led to the inspiration for its use in Tikal.
The main source of drinking water in Tikal was precipitation and runoff, and drinking water was likely scarce in times of droughts. The drinking water reservoirs thus played a crucial role in supplying the residents with potable water throughout the year. However, water can become foul when it is stored for long periods of time, and so the Mayans used the zeolite treatment technology to help purify the water.
This system represents the oldest known example of a water treatment system in the Western Hemisphere. Around such times, other known civilizations in the Americas mainly relied on natural springs for their drinking water, and this was water was often transported to inhabited areas through a system of aqueducts. While advanced water filtration systems have been discovered within the ancient cities of Greece, Egypt, and South Asia, the system at Tikal represents the first of its kind in the New World.
Kenneth Barnett Tankersley, lead author of the new paper and associate professor of anthropology at the University of Cincinnati, commented on the findings in a statement. He said:
The ancient Maya lived in a tropical environment and had to be innovators. This is a remarkable innovation. A lot of people look at Native Americans in the Western Hemisphere as not having the same engineering or technological muscle of places like Greece, Rome, India or China. But when it comes to water management, the Maya were millennia ahead.
Bottom line: Scientists have uncovered evidence of an advanced water treatment system in the ancient Mayan city of Tikal, in which zeolite was used to purify the drinking water. This system represents the first of its kind to be discovered in the Americas.
A new study from Northwestern University shows that solar flares – space weather – might not always be as dangerous for life on exoplanets as typically thought. In fact, it might even help astronomers discover alien life on distant worlds.
Artist’s concept of a distant red dwarf star and accompanying exoplanet. Red dwarfs are common in our galaxy. They produce volatile, deadly flares – and accompanying space weather – that can erode the atmospheres of any nearby planets and severely endanger any existing life. But … maybe not always, according to a new study.
A few days ago, we reported new findings about how space weather spawned by Proxima Centauri, the nearest star to our sun, might inhibit life on Proxima’s planets. Volatile red dwarf stars like Proxima are prone to powerful space weather, that is, bursts of radiation caused by flares on these stars. There are lots of red dwarf stars in our galaxy. So it’s been with some wistfulness that astronomers in recent years have reported that red dwarf space weather might decrease our chances of finding exoplanet life. But science marches on, and now a new study provides some hope for those searching for life beyond Earth. The study suggests that space weather might not always be fatal to life. Hostile space weather might even help astronomers detect life on exoplanets around red dwarfs stars.
The researchers published the new peer-reviewed findings in Nature Astronomy on December 21, 2020.
It is known that intense solar flares from red dwarfs or other active stars can erode or even strip the atmospheres from planets that orbit too close. In the case of red dwarfs, these stars are cooler and smaller than the sun, which means such planets are often in the habitable zone, where temperatures are suitable for liquid water on their surfaces. But, they orbit very close to their stars, so they are pummelled by intense radiation. So how could it be that this space weather is not always as bad for life as it is assumed to be?
It all comes down to chemistry. In the new study, the researchers found that such flares play a significant role in the development of a planet’s atmosphere.Howard Chen, first author of the study, said in a statement:
We compared the atmospheric chemistry of planets experiencing frequent flares with planets experiencing no flares. The long-term atmospheric chemistry is very different.
The senior author of the study, Daniel Horton, added:
We’ve found that stellar flares might not preclude the existence of life. In some cases, flaring doesn’t erode all of the atmospheric ozone. Surface life might still have a fighting chance.
That’s good news for the possibility of life on at least some otherwise potentially habitable worlds orbiting red dwarf stars.
As Horton further explained:
We studied planets orbiting within the habitable zones of M and K dwarf stars, the most common stars in the universe. Habitable zones around these stars are narrower because the stars are smaller and less powerful than stars like our sun. On the flip side, M and K dwarf stars are thought to have more frequent flaring activity than our sun, and theirtidally locked planets are unlikely to have magnetic fields helping deflect their stellar winds.
Daniel Horton at Northwestern University, senior author of the new paper. Image via Northwestern University.
The study found that it might be easier in some cases for life to survive around red dwarfs than previously thought, but it, and previous studies, also showed that hostile space weather might even make it easier to detect such life. How?
If there were gases in a planet’s atmosphere that were a sign of life – such as nitrogen dioxide, nitrous oxide or nitric acid – stellar flares could actually increase their abundance. If such gases were at a very low level and difficult to detect from Earth, flares could increase their amounts to levels that were detectable. It’s an intriguing and ironic possibility, that the same space weather that could extinguish life on a planet might also aid astronomers in detecting life. As Chen explained:
Space weather events are typically viewed as a detriment to habitability. But our study quantitatively showed that some space weather can actually help us detect signatures of important gases that might signify biological processes.
Chen and his colleagues had also incorporated stellar flare data from NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Satellite Survey (TESS) mission, launched in 2018, into their model simulations. This helps researchers better understand the overall effects of space weather on exoplanet atmospheres.
Red dwarf stars are more active than our sun, frequently releasing deadly flares that could erode the atmospheres of planets that orbit too close. The sun has flares, too, of course, but in the case of Earth, our planet’s magnetic field protects us from them. While they might cause problems with power or communications systems, including satellites, they don’t endanger life itself on Earth’s surface. As Allison Youngblood, an astronomer at the University of Colorado Boulder and co-author of the study, described it:
Our sun is more of a gentle giant. It’s older and not as active as younger and smaller stars. Earth also has a strong magnetic field, which deflects the sun’s damaging winds.
Artist’s concept of Kepler-186f, a potentially habitable exoplanet that orbits a red dwarf star 500 light-years from Earth. Unlike some other planets found around red dwarfs, it orbits a bit farther out, in the outer edge region of the star’s habitable zone, and may not be as affected by solar flares.
Image via NASA/ NASA Ames/ SETI Institute/ JPL-Caltech.
The findings illustrate just how complex the possibility of alien life can be, that it’s not always as straightforward as we might think. It’s not just whether or not a planet is in the habitable zone of a star, for example, but rather there are many factors to consider relating to conditions both on the planet itself as well as its host star. The search for extraterrestrial life requires input from a wide range of scientific disciplines. As Eric T. Wolf, a planetary scientist at the University of Colorado Boulder and a co-author of the study, summed it up:
This project was a result of fantastic collective team effort. Our work highlights the benefits of interdisciplinary efforts when investigating conditions on extrasolar planets.
Bottom line:New research shows that solar flares – and their accompanying space weather – might not always be as dangerous for life on exoplanets as typically thought. Space weather in distant star systems might even help astronomers discover exoplanet life.
Mars becomes the second planet after Earth that we know is wobbling around its axis. As to why — we’re yet unsure.
Digital rendering of Mars. Image via Pixabay.
As the Red Planet spins during its day, it also wobbles and bobbles gently around its own axis, a new paper reports. Astronomers have no idea why this is happening, but the fact that Mars is the second planet we know of to do this (after Earth) could help us understand it better.
The Chandler wobble
This type of motion — a planet’s wobble around its own axis as it spins — is known as the Chandler wobble. Earth shows some 30 feet (9 meters) of amplitude in this wobble: its poles move in a circle with a 9-meter diameter around its axis, with a period of around 430 days.
Mars seems to be doing the same, albeit the diameter it spins on is way smaller: 4 inches (10 centimeters) off-center, with a period of around 200 days, according to Eos.org, the news blog of the American Geophysical Union (AGU).
The Chandler wobble is produced when a rotating body’s mass isn’t distributed evenly. Things like differences in density throughout its body or in its shape will lead to such a wobble. In Earth’s case, it is caused by its shape, which isn’t perfectly round. Although Earth’s is much more pronounced than that of Mars, it’s possible that the source of the wobble is the same for both planets.
Still, here’s where the mystery begins. Over time, we know that this wobble should fade out. It’s been calculated that for Earth, any Chandler wobbling should disappear within a century of it starting. However, we know that this isn’t the case — Earth has been wobbling for much longer than that.
Given that our planet is both geologically and biologically active, our running assumption so far is that shifts in atmospheric and ocean pressures (i.e. the movement of large bodies of water and gas) are constantly fueling this wobble, which is why it didn’t die out when our calculations said it would.
But Mars is neither geologically nor biologically active, as far as we know. It has no oceans and only a thin coating of an atmosphere. And yet it wobbles.
The movement was detected using 18 years’ worth of data collected by satellites around Mars: Mars Odyssey, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and, Mars Global Surveyor. Crunching the math leads to the same conclusion as it does on Earth: this wobble should end naturally, but so far, it hasn’t.
Our only guess so far is that, in Mars’ case, the Chandler wobble is fueled by atmospheric motions alone; this would fit with the much lower amplitude of motion compared to Earth’s own wobble. However, more data is needed before we can be certain.
However, we do know one thing for sure: if we’ve found two planets which wobble, we’re likely to see more in the future doing the same. Maybe we can understand what’s happening before we run into the third.
The 28 fastest days on record (since 1960) all occurred in 2020, with Earth completing its revolutions around its axis milliseconds quicker than average. That's not particularly alarming — the planet's rotation varies slightly all the time, driven by variations in atmospheric pressure, winds, ocean currents and the movement of the core. But it is inconvenient for international timekeepers, who use ultra-accurate atomic clocks to meter out the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) by which everyone sets their clocks. When astronomical time, set by the time it takes the Earth to make one full rotation, deviates from UTC by more than 0.4 seconds, UTC gets an adjustment.
Until now, these adjustments have consisted of adding a "leap second" to the year at the end of June or December, bringing astronomical time and atomic time back in line. These leap seconds were tacked on because the overall trend of Earth's rotation has been slowing since accurate satellite measurement began in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Since 1972, scientists have added leap seconds about every year-and-a-half, on average, according to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The last addition came in 2016, when on New Year's Eve at 23 hours, 59 minutes and 59 seconds, an extra "leap second" was added.
However, according to Time and Date, the recent acceleration in Earth's spin has scientists talking for the first time about a negative leap second. Instead of adding a second, they might need to subtract one. That's because the average length of a day is 86,400 seconds, but an astronomical day in 2021 will clock in 0.05 milliseconds shorter, on average. Over the course of the year, that will add up to a 19 millisecond lag in atomic time.
"It's quite possible that a negative leap second will be needed if the Earth's rotation rate increases further, but it's too early to say if this is likely to happen," physicist Peter Whibberley of the National Physics Laboratory in the U.K., told The Telegraph. "There are also international discussions taking place about the future of leap seconds, and it's also possible that the need for a negative leap second might push the decision towards ending leap seconds for good."
The year 2020 was already faster than usual, astronomically speaking (cue sighs of relief). According to Time and Date, Earth broke the previous record for shortest astronomical day, set in 2005, 28 times. That year's shortest day, July 5, saw Earth complete a rotation 1.0516 milliseconds faster than 86,400 seconds. The shortest day in 2020 was July 19, when the planet completed one spin 1.4602 milliseconds faster than 86,400 seconds.
According to the NIST, leap seconds have their pros and cons. They're useful for making sure that astronomical observations are synced with clock time, but they can be a hassle for some data-logging applications and telecommunications infrastructure. Some scientists at the International Telecommunication Union have suggested letting the gap between astronomical and atomic time widen until a "leap hour" is needed, which would minimize disruption to telecommunications. (Astronomers would have to make their own adjustments in the meantime.)
The International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) in Paris, France, is responsible for determining whether adding or subtracting a leap second is necessary. Currently, the IERS shows no new leap seconds scheduled to be added, according to the service's Earth Orientation Center.
Dit waren de vijf wetenschappelijke hoogtepunten van 2020
Nu 2021 uit de startblokken is geschoten, is het moment aangebroken om de balans op te maken van het afgelopen jaar. Wat waren dé wetenschappelijke nieuwsfeiten van 2020? Wij stelden alvast onze lijst samen.
Martijn Peters
De niet-aflatende speurtocht naar nieuwe kennis heeft ook dit jaar ervoor gezorgd dat er weer wat minder mysteries in ons universum zijn. Op zich niets verwonderlijk, ware het niet dat een pandemie tegelijkertijd de wereld in zijn greep hield. 2020 zal de geschiedenisboeken ingaan als het jaar waarin we kennismaakten met het nieuwe coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. En dat heeft ook zijn weerslag op de wetenschap gehad.
Het jaar van SARS-CoV-2
Voor velen was 2020 het jaar waarin het normale dagelijkse leven even op pauze werd gezet. Maar in de wetenschap kwam alles in een stroomversnelling terecht. Eind 2019 hoorden we voor het eerst iets over een nieuwe mysterieuze longziekte in het tot dan toe onbekende Wuhan. Eind 2020 krijgt de 96-jarige Jos Hermans als eerste een vaccin toegediend. Een ongeziene prestatie. In een jaar waarin politieke leiders hun grenzen sloten hebben wetenschappers hun grenzen - figuurlijk - aan diggelen geslagen, wat leidde tot een imposante wereldwijde samenwerking en drastische veranderingen in de manier waarop er aan wetenschap werd gedaan.
Slechts enkele dagen na de ontdekking van de uitbraak van dit nieuwe virus werd de genetische code al ontrafeld en met de wereld gedeeld. De ellenlange administratieve processen die gepaard gaan met de publicatie van onderzoeksresultaten in een wetenschappelijk tijdschrift werden gewoon aan de kant geschoven en alles werd meteen online geplaatst. De opgedane kennis was plots voor iedereen toegankelijk en die werkwijze werd ook aangehouden gedurende de hele coronacrisis. Wat volgde was een tsunami aan informatie. Nooit eerder probeerden zoveel experten samen eenzelfde vijand te verslaan. Concurrenten sloegen plots de handen in elkaar. De wetenschappelijke wereld kwam samen zoals nooit tevoren.
Enkele maanden gevuld met wetenschappelijke innovaties en het verleggen van grenzen gaven ons meerdere kandidaat-vaccins. Die werden niet alleen ontwikkeld met een snelheid die die van het licht leek te benaderen, maar ook aan een verbazingwekkend tempo onderworpen aan klinische testen. En dat alles zonder in te boeten aan kwaliteit. Het ultieme bewijs dat als er genoeg geld en hersenen - met de goedkeuring van regeringen, industrie, academie,... - tegen een probleem worden aangegooid, er héél veel mogelijk is. In dit geval leidde deze revolutionaire wereldwijde inspanning tot de snelste ontwikkeling van een vaccin ooit (een record dat tot 2020 toebehoorde aan het bof-vaccin dat in 4 jaar het daglicht zag). Dankzij die historische gebeurtenis krijgen we nu stilaan, spuitje per spuitje, ons leven terug.
CRISPR-Cas9 in de praktijk
Het mag dan misschien lijken alsof het gisteren was, maar de ontdekking van CRISPR-Cas9 vond ondertussen al bijna een decennium geleden plaats. Toch haalt deze revolutionaire techniek waarmee snel en goedkoop veranderingen aangebracht worden in het DNA van om het even welk organisme nog jaarlijks het nieuws, ook in 2020. Zo ging de Nobelprijs voor Scheikunde dit jaar naar de ontdekkers van de DNA-schaar, Emmanuelle Charpentier en Jennifer Doudna.
Maar daar bleef het niet bij. Er werd ook aangetoond dat de techniek kan ingezet worden om gewassen te verbeteren zonder dat er sprake is van genetisch gemodificeerde organismen. Hierdoor kan men planten voorzien van gunstige eigenschappen, zoals een verhoogde weerbaarheid tegen droogte en insecten of een verhoogde opbrengst, zonder al de vooroordelen. En CRISPR-Cas9 vindt ook steeds vaker zijn weg naar de ziekenhuizen. De resultaten van verschillende wetenschappelijke studies werden in 2020 bekendgemaakt waarin de techniek gebruikt werd tegen aandoeningen zoals kanker, sikkelcelziekte en een overerfbare vorm van blindheid.
Tot slot vond, niet geheel onverwacht tijdens deze pandemie, de techniek ook zijn weg terug naar zijn originele toepassing: het vernietigen van virussen. De inspiratie voor de DNA-schaar kwam namelijk van het eeuwenoude afweersysteem van bacteriën die het gebruikten om virussen onschadelijk te maken door in hun genetisch materiaal te knippen. Verschillende onderzoeksgroepen zijn nu op zoek naar het antwoord op de vraag of de revolutionaire techniek ook gebruikt kan worden om ons lichaam tegen virale indringers te beschermen.
Dit zijn nog maar de eerste stappen die wetenschappers zetten als het op de mogelijkheden van CRISPR-Cas9 aankomt. Allicht zullen we in de komende jaren er nog veel horen en zal de impact op onze levens ongetwijfeld groot zijn.
Artificiële intelligentie in de bres voor onze gezondheid
Tesla-oprichter Elon Musk mag dan beginnen huiveren als het over artificiële intelligentie (AI) gaat, de wetenschappers van Google’s Deepmind onderzoeksgroep hebben in 2020 meermaals bewezen dat AI zeker ook zijn nut heeft. In de afgelopen jaren lieten zij al zien dat het ingezet kan worden om een niertrauma maar liefst 48 uur vroeger te detecteren en voor een betere analyse van onze genetische samenstelling. Dit jaar werd die lijst nog wat uitgebreid. Een door hen ontwikkelde AI zorgde voor een verbetering in het opsporen van borstkanker bij mammografieën.
Maar hun grootste verwezenlijking was het oplossen van een raadsel waar biologen al een halve eeuw hun tanden op stuk bijten: het eiwit-vouwprobleem. Eiwitten hebben verschillende functies in ons lichaam. Het zijn bouwstoffen, ze spelen een rol bij onze afweer en ze maken verschillende processen mogelijk. Dit biologisch molecuul bestaat uit een ketting van bouwstenen, genaamd aminozuren, die zich vervolgens opvouwt tot een 3D structuur. Tot nu toe hadden wetenschappers er het raden naar hoe de volgorde van die bouwstenen de uiteindelijke opvouwing en 3D-structuur van een eiwit bepaalt. Maar dat was buiten het nieuwe AI-systeem, AlphaFold, van Deepmind gerekend. Het kan namelijk dit soort voorspellingen maken én dat in slechts enkele dagen tijd en met een lagere kostprijs dan vele andere technieken.
Deze doorbraak kan wetenschappers in de toekomst helpen om nieuwe medicijnen te ontwikkelen en ziektes beter te begrijpen. Maar niet enkel onze gezondheid heeft er voordeel bij. Synthetische eiwitten kunnen bijvoorbeeld ook gebruikt worden voor afvalverwerking (zo werd er dit jaar een eiwit gemaakt dat plastic kan afbreken), de productie van biobrandstof en in de landbouw. Voorlopig dus nog geen ‘Terminator’-toestanden, maar wel een dikke hoera voor de AI.
Ruimte-exploratie schakelt een versnelling hoger
Als het hier op aarde niet meer plezant is, dan misschien wel daarbuiten. Dat moet door de hoofden van heel wat onderzoekers gespookt hebben tijdens deze pandemie, want er werden namelijk weer veel opmerkelijke ontdekkingen buiten onze atmosfeer gedaan. Zo werd niet enkel het onderzoek naar zwarte gaten van Roger Penrose, Reinhard Genzel en Andrea Ghez beloond met de Nobelprijs voor Natuurkunde, maar ontdekte astronomen ook een zwart gat dat zo groot was (142 keer de massa van onze zon) dat het eigenlijk niet zou mogen bestaan.
En er werd nog meer ontdekt in ons universum. Na een speurtocht van meer dan 10 jaar kwamen onderzoekers eindelijk te weten wat de oorzaak was van korte snelle radiogolven uit verre sterrenstelsels. Tal van verdachten passeerden de revue, maar in 2020 zorgde het Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment voor het verlossende antwoord. Het bleek om een magnetar te gaan, een neutronenster met een zeer krachtig magnetisch veld. Het mysterie van wie het gedaan heeft is nu opgelost, maar hoe blijft wel nog een onopgeloste vraag. Het spelletje ruimte-‘Cluedo’ gaat dus gewoon door.
Astronomen troffen in 2020 ook water aan op de maan en merkten op dat Mars zoemt. En ze maakten met behulp van de Solar Orbiter missie de dichtste foto ooit bij de zon en verzamelde materiaal van een asteroïde. Daarnaast vond ook de eerste commerciële vlucht naar het internationaal ruimtestation plaats, met dank aan SpaceX. Tot slot werd er ook nog een ‘ruimte’-ontdekking gedaan hier op aarde. Tijdens de analyse van de Murchison-meteoriet bleek dat die stukjes sterrenstof met zich meedroeg die miljarden jaren oud zijn. We hebben dus iets op onze planeet gevonden dat ouder is dan ons zonnestelsel zelf.
De natuur blijft ons verbazen
Er kan natuurlijk geen lijst zijn zonder een aantal wapenfeiten waarin de fauna en flora van onze planeet zich van hun beste kant laat zien. Dat mag u letterlijk nemen in dit geval. 2020 bleek het jaar van de lichtgevende beestjes te zijn. De meest spraakmakende was de wombat, een dier bekend voor zijn hoge aaibaarheidsfactor en vierkante stoelgang. Plaats er één onder een UV-lamp en zijn vacht licht helder op. Ook zijn vogels intelligenter dan gedacht. Sommige, zoals kraaien, zijn zelfs misschien in staat tot bewuste gedachten.
Vaak wordt er gezegd dat we meer weten over het universum rondom ons dan over wat er zich in onze eigen oceanen afspeelt. Dat werd dit jaar nog eens bevestigd toen Australische wetenschappers een torenhoog koraal ontdekte, dat met 500 meter 5 keer groter is dan het Atomium. Het was al meer dan een eeuw geleden sinds er nog zo’n vrijstaand rif ontdekt werd.
Minder vrolijk nieuws kwam er van de klimaatwetenschappers. Zo documenteerden zij vele records in 2020, waaronder het warmste decennium ooit. Het afgelopen jaar kreeg ook de titel mee van ‘meest actieve orkaanseizoen’ van de Atlantische oceaan. Tot slot zijn ze er ook in geslaagd, met behulp van heel wat wetenschappelijke vooruitgang, om de voorspellingen met betrekking tot de opwarming van de aarde door broeikasgassen nauwkeuriger te maken. Zo’n 40 jaar geleden werd dit geschat op 1,5 tot 4,5 °C indien de hoeveelheid koolstofdioxide in onze atmosfeer verder toeneemt. Dat werd nu bijgesteld naar 2,6 tot 3,9 °C. Nog meer dan voldoende voor verschroeiende hittegolven en het verdwijnen van kuststeden.
BONUS: wetenschap wordt alsmaar populairder
Wetenschap wint aan populariteit. Mensen raken steeds meer geboeid door deze wondere wereld. Dat bleek ook uit Spotify’s meest beluisterde lijsten van 2020. Zo was de populairste podcast in België van het afgelopen jaar de ‘Nerdland’-podcast. Daarin geven een hele hoop enthousiastelingen onder leiding van Lieven Scheire elke maand een overzicht van het wetenschapsnieuws dat je zeker niet mag missen. Een aanrader voor 2021 als entertainende discussies over wetenschap iets voor jou zijn.
If you’re one of those who believes that Area 51 is hiding secret and possibly extraterrestrial aircrafts, this story is for you. If you’re not, you may be after seeing and hearing what an experienced private pilot and aerial photographer with thousands of photos of the base found in a recent picture. Would you believe an unusually long triangular craft that may have been hastily pulled into an equally unusual hangar known as a scoot-and-hide shelter? One that caught the eye not just of the usual tabloids but also experienced Area 51 and military aircraft watchers?
“One of the large hangars south of the main complex appears to have open doors. It is hard to determine what, if anything is inside due to the distance from Zeifman’s plane.”
That’s the analysis from Mystery Wire, which first published the story and the pictures taken by Gabriel Zeifman on his Christmas Day flight around Area 51. Specifically, Zeifman spent a long time in the air, flying his plane past the Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR), past Papoose Dry Lake, and past Groom Lake and Area 51. Most of the photos (Mystery Wire shows both individual and composites) are extremely high quality because of Zeifman’s equipment and experience. And, in case you’re wondering:
“Similar to two previous flights, Zeifman was not breaking any laws. He is a trained air traffic controller (ATC) and had permission to fly through this restricted government airspace.”
Unfortunately, the photo of the mysterious craft and hangar is of lesser quality due to distance – you didn’t expect the government to put their secret stuff where anyone could see it, did you? Many of the tabloids that subsequently reported on the photos linked them to the possibility that the U.S. government is under obligation to release UFO information within the next six months – that’s not guaranteed. And this isn’t necessarily an ET spacecraft. Fortunately, the good (and militarily experienced) folks at The Drive (Tyler Rogoway and Joseph Trevithick) did a detailed analysis of the photo. But first, they gave some background on the so-called scoot-and-hide hangar.
“The structure is not really just a hangar in the traditional sense. Scoot-and-hide shelters help conceal flying test articles from prying eyes, most notably from satellites above. This also provides a site closer to the runway where personnel can perform last-chance checks and troubleshooting, as well as arming any explosives, while the aircraft remains concealed.”
Based on that, whatever Zeifman photographed is being hidden from prying eyes. The Drive noted that it was unusual for this facility to leave its doors open, and Area 51 doesn’t normally do any test flights over the holidays. At that point, the authors did their best at detailing what it might be.
“To our eye, it looks like a very low-slung dagger-shaped object, similar to the low-observable endcaps and some test articles that have been placed atop radar cross-section (RCS) testing poles at RCS test facilities, although this one has a rise towards its rear, which one could speculate may be a cockpit. So, could this object be a similarly shaped stealthy or high-speed test article? It’s possible. If it is, it sits extremely low to the ground.”
How about an educated guess as to what it is?
“If we are to go down the rabbit hole in regards to the general shape that we think we are seeing here, at least based on the very limited photographic evidence provided, the closest thing we can find with regards to an actual known aircraft is the Martin Marietta X-24B lifting body.”
The Drive provides some excellent images of this long-and-pointy craft, which was designed in the 1950s and flew into the 1970s. Could the craft in the hangar be a hypersonic updated replacement for the X-24B? Who knows?
Kudos to Mystery Wire and The Drive, as well as Gabriel Zeifman, for giving us far more information that the government. Will it keep its promise to change in six months? We’ll wait and see.
A private pilot captured stunning visuals of the Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR) and Area 51, showing a mysterious triangle shape inside an open hangar.
Gabe Zeifman, a private pilot and amateur photographer, spent Christmas Day flying his Cessna 150 plane over the area and snapping just over 1,000 photos.
The hangar is just south of the main NTTR complex at Area 51 and the object looks large, although it is unclear.
It does appear to be the only hangar that is open.
The hangar is just south of the main Nevada Test and Training Range complex at Area 51 and the object looks large, although it is unclear
Gabe Zeifman, a private pilot and amateur photographer, spent Christmas day flying his Cessna 150 plane over the NTTR
Zeifman, a trainer air traffic controller (ATC, has flown over the area on three separate occasions, Mystery Wire reports.
In the videos of his flights, posted to YouTube, Zeifman can be heard getting clearance for his route over the restricted area.
For this particular flight, Zeifman had higher quality photography gear that allowed him to capture better photos.
For this particular flight, Zeifman had higher quality photography gear that allowed him to capture better photos
Area 51 is just one of the sensitive military facilities located within the Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR), a vast military training area in Nevada's Mojave Desert
Area 51 is just one of the sensitive military facilities located within the Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR), a vast military training area in Nevada's Mojave Desert.
Details of everything that takes place at Area 51 are classified as top secret, and the intense secrecy around the facility has led to widespread conspiracy theories that it is used to store captured or crashed UFOs.
What is officially acknowledged is that Area 51 was founded by the CIA in 1955 as a testing facility for the secretive U-2 spy plane, and that it has likely been used ever since to test highly classified and experimental aircraft.
As for any national security implications of sharing the images, it is worth noting that Russia can and does fly directly over Area 51 with sophisticated reconnaissance planes under the Open Skies Treaty.
A composite of several of the photos taken by Zeifman
What is officially acknowledged is that Area 51 was founded by the CIA in 1955 as a testing facility for the secretive U-2 spy plane
In the videos of his flights, posted to YouTube, Zeifman can be heard getting clearance for his route over the restricted area
Laura Eisenhower: Amazing ET Disclosures, Starseed Mission & Val Thor!
Laura Eisenhower: Amazing ET Disclosures, Starseed Mission & Val Thor!
ABOUT BOOK ~ This is the ultimate field guide to the 82 extraterrestrial species that populate the universe. ET enthusiast Craig Campobasso explores the origins, physical characteristics, technological and consciousness abilities, dimensional capacities, belief systems, and cosmic agendas of each of the species.
The species fall into two categories:
1. benevolent races, which function as the guardians of humanity, whose goals include helping people overcome duality, healing, and
protecting;
and
2. malevolent races, which are responsible for abductions, cloning, and ultimately domination.
This intergalactic expose will entertain all those interested in UFOs, aliens, ETs. Sci-fi and fantasy fans of the Marvel universe; Star Trek, Star Wars, and other popular TV shows like Ancient Aliens; Roswell, and Project Blue Book are prime targets for this book that delves deep into who the real extraterrestrials are and what they want with the people of Earth. CRAIG CAMPOBASSO BIOGRAPHY Multiple award-winning filmmaker and Emmy-nominated casting director Craig Campobasso was fifteen when he started in the entertainment business.
His young acting career was off to a great start; he landed his first national commercial for McDonald’s chicken sandwich, and spoke his first line of dialogue to Tuesday Weld in a MOW. After graduating high school at age seventeen, Craig went to work behind-the-scenes on such blockbuster film classics as Frank Herbert’s Dune directed by David Lynch; and two Arnold Schwarzenegger movies Conan The Destroyer and Total Recall. He began his casting career on Steven Spielberg’s Amazing Stories. He received an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Casting for a Series on David E. Kelley’s Picket Fences. Craig’s casting career spans three decades. Craig’s mother Marie Donna King Campobasso told him from the time she was pregnant with him, that she knew he would become a writer.
He fulfilled that prophecy when he was twenty-six, after he experienced a life-changing spiritual awakening. That’s when The Autobiography of an ExtraTerrrestrial Saga book series was born. His passion is to write stories that provoke the reader to think, to raise their consciousness, to expand their mind about Creation, while still entertaining in the Hollywood tradition. Craig directed, wrote and produced the short film Stranger at the Pentagon, which was adapted from the popular UFO book authored by the late Dr. Frank E. Stranges. After production, the short film collected accolades. In September 2014, it won Best Sci-Fi film at the Burbank International Film Festival, selling out all 275 seats—a first for the festival. In 2015, it won a Remi Award at the Worldfest Houston International Film Festival for Best Sci-Fi Short. 𝗔𝗯𝗼𝘂𝘁 𝗟𝗮𝘂𝗿𝗮 𝗘𝗶𝘀𝗲𝗻𝗵𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿: Laura Eisenhower is a Global Alchemist, Researcher and Medical and Intuitive Astrologist.. She is an internationally acclaimed speaker who has presented her work world wide.
Laura is the great-granddaughter of President Dwight David Eisenhower and she reveals Exopolitical information about his administration, that has been largely held in secrecy. She is considered by many to be one of North Americas leading researchers on: Health, Exopolitics, Alchemy, Metaphysics, and Galactic History. Laura works to free us from the 3-D holographic time-loop, False Archonic systems and Military Industrial Complex and exposes hidden agendas so we can take our power back.
Feeling a calling regarding her mission since she was a child, she has gained incredible insight through her wilderness adventures, psychic development and has been connecting major dots about how to guide us into higher Earth energies. She has a deep understanding of Gaia-Sophia and our Divine Blueprint and how they connect to the Venus transits, Earth grids, Global Alchemy, DNA & ET races. Her passion is to inspire unity consciousness and bring us back to the Zero point/Unified field, the totality of our divine powers.
Steve Boucher has had experiences with non-terrestrial beings since he was a baby. The bulk of his experiences were buried in his subconscious mind for many years until he began to have brief flashes of conscious memory after reading Budd Hopkins’ book ‘Missing Time’. Steve then wrote to Budd Hopkins and informed him of the memories he was having. Budd then contacted Steve and invited him to come to New York and stay at his art studio in Manhattan for a week.
Steve accepted the invitation and during that week in 1984, he underwent 3 hypnosis sessions which revealed that he had experienced repeated visitations from short grey-skinned beings approximately 4 feet tall with large eyes and large heads.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
Two UFOs Enter Volcano Popocatépetl In 4 Minutes! Dec 20, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Two UFOs Enter Volcano Popocatépetl In 4 Minutes! Dec 20, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Dec 20, 2020 Location of sighting: Volcano Popocatepetl, Mexico
What you are looking at here is not one but two UFOs entering a volcano near Mexico City, Mexico. After the first UFO enters the mouth of the volcano, a second UFO is seen four minutes later coming from an opposite trajectory. Both entering the mouth of Popocatepetl. The odds of two meteors this big falling into the mouth of the volcano in four minutes from different directions...would be astronomical in size. You got a better chance of wining a pick six lottery than seeing such an event happen. So we know its not meteors. This is 100% proof that an alien base sits 6-8km below the volcano. A city thats over 10,000 years old.
The Big Bang theory is a cosmological model describing how our current, observable universe came to be. But there is still much to learn about the concept, particularly when it comes to what occurred in those early microseconds after the big bang itself. What happened in that split second when our universe appeared? NASA wants to find out.
To do so, the space agency has designed a space telescope that will be able to probe the universe for evidence of those earliest moments.
Next steps: Begin work on a final design and start to build the thing, with a view to launching between 2024 and 2025.
The SPHEREx space telescope is expected to be the size of "subcompact car" and, according to a recent NASA release, will "map the entire sky four times, creating a massive database of stars, galaxies, nebulas (clouds of gas and dust in space), and many other celestial objects."
If all goes to plan, SPHEREx will be the very first NASA mission to create a "full-sky spectroscopy map in near-infrared," observing a total of 102 near-infrared colors.
"That's like going from black-and-white images to color" explained Allen Farrington, project manager of SPHEREx.
The first priority of SPHEREx is to search for evidence of something NASA says "might have happened less than a billionth of a billionth of a second after the big bang."
By mapping billions of galaxies across the universe NASA hopes to find statistical patterns that can help explain what happened immediately after the big bang, when the universe rapidly expanded. The newly created map will also help search for water ice and frozen organic molecules around newly forming stars.
SPHEREx is also hoping to discover more about galaxy formation and may be able to discover how some of the first galaxies created stars.
You can find out more about the SPHEREx mission here.
RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011
An early, preliminary design for SPHEREx.NASA/JPL-Caltech
From an observatory high above Chile's Atacama Desert, astronomers have taken a new look at the oldest light in the universe.
Their observations, plus a bit of cosmic geometry, suggest that the universe is 13.77 billion years old—give or take 40 million years. A Cornell University researcher co-authored one of two papers about the findings, which add a fresh twist to an ongoing debate in the astrophysics community.
The new estimate, using data gathered at the National Science Foundation's Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), matches the one provided by the standard model of the universe, as well as measurements of the same light made by the European Space Agency's Planck satellite, which measured remnants of the Big Bang from 2009 to '13.
The research was published in the Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics.
The lead author of "The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: A Measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background Power Spectra at 98 and 150 GHz" is Steve Choi, NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellow at the Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, in the College of Arts and Sciences.
In 2019, a research team measuring the movements of galaxies calculated that the universe is hundreds of millions of years younger than the Planck team predicted. That discrepancy suggested a new model for the universe might be needed and sparked concerns that one of the sets of measurements might be incorrect.
"Now we've come up with an answer where Planck and ACT agree," said Simone Aiola, a researcher at the Flatiron Institute's Center for Computational Astrophysics and first author of one of two papers. "It speaks to the fact that these difficult measurements are reliable."
Might there be microbial life in space that could that cause a threat to Earth, as once dramatically depicted in Michael Crichton‘s 1969 science fiction novel and the blockbuster 1971 movie “The Andromeda Strain?”
Without suggesting anything in quite such dramatic terms as that sci-fi story’s plot, a White House space office on Wednesday announced the development of policies and protocols to prepare for just such a prospect tied to America’s space flight programs.
In announcing the “National Strategy for Planetary Protection” Wednesday, the National Space Council essentially conceded the prospect of life in space.
The policy statement declares, as one of its objectives, “to protect against adverse effects on the Earth environment due to the potential return of extraterrestrial life.”
There have been plenty of scientific reports in recent years, based on observations of Mars, Venus, the Moon and elsewhere, and analysis of meteorites, to support the possibility. More recent studies have found that some Earth microbes can survive in space. But the notion of extraterrestrial life has long been a third rail in politics, anathema to many religious doctrines.
The National Space Council is a White House advisory panel chaired by Vice President Mike Pence.
The new federal space strategy, as outlined Wednesday, has two primary goals: to prevent transporting Earth germs to other heavenly bodies like Mars and thereby causing so-called “forward contamination;” and to prevent transporting alien germs home to Earth from heavenly bodies, causing so called “backward contamination.”
The outline mentions some good and simple research reasons for such a policy. Chief among them: contaminating another planet with Earth germs or contaminating Earth with out-of-this-world germs can botch scientific experiments. Think of the wasted resources, time, effort, and money if samples have to be tossed.
But the outline also cites the prospect of “adverse effects on the Earth environment due to the potential return of extraterrestrial life.”
In “Andromeda Strain,” a returning satellite delivered a space contagion that was so dangerous and infectious that it threatened mankind.
The new National Strategy for Planetary Protection is being developed for the National Space Council by the Interagency Working Group on Planetary Protection. That group is chaired by Chris Beauregard, a policy advisor with the National Space Council, and Navy Capt. Michael Schmoyer, a national security advisor to the Secretary of Health & Human Services.
“The United States has made amazing strides in space exploration and with these great strides comes a responsibility to protect Earth and other planetary bodies from biological contamination,” Kelvin Droegemeier, director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, stated in a news release issued by the National Space Council.
The strategy also talks about America developing practices not just for U.S. missions, but to be shared, so “commercial and international partners will ensure safety, sustainability, and predictability in space for the benefit of all humankind.”
Archeologists have discovered many tools left behind by prehistoric civilizations. Most of these are made of stone, but in Spain, researchers have found incredible weapons made of rock crystal. Dating back to at least 3000 BCE, these weapons include an incredible crystal dagger that would have taken enormous skill to carve.
The crystal weapons were discovered inside the Montelirio tholos.
The incredible find was discovered in the megalithic tomb of Montelirio tholos, which is located in southwestern Spain. This enormous site is made from large slate slabs and stretches over 143 feet. It was excavated between 2007 and 2010; five years later, researchers from the University of Granada, the University of Seville, and the Spanish Higher Research Council published their study of the crystal tools. In addition to the dagger, they found 25 arrowheads and cores for making the weapons.
According to the study, rock crystal is commonly found in late prehistoric Iberian sites but is rarely studied in depth. To understand what purpose these special weapons may have had, we must first look at the context in which they were found.
The remains of at least 25 individuals were found within Montelirio tholos. Previous analysis has suggested that at least one male and several females died from ingesting poison. The remains of the women were seated in a circular fashion in a chamber next to the bones of whom may have been the chief.
The tombs also contained many grave goods, including “shrouds or clothes made of tens of thousands of perforated beads and decorated with amber beads,” as well as ivory objects and fragments of gold blades. The crystal arrowheads were found together in a cluster, which leads the researchers to believe that they may have been a ritual offering.
And the dagger? It was found on its own in a separate chamber, “in association with an ivory hilt and sheath.” Measuring nearly 8.5 inches long, it's similar in shape to other daggers of the period. (Of course, the difference is that those daggers were made of flint and this one is formed from crystal.)
The Meaning of Crystal Weapons
Since there were no crystal mines nearby, the materials for these items would have been sourced from far afield. This contributes to the idea that they were intended for an elite few who would have been able to afford to gather such materials and have them shaped into weapons. It's also interesting to note that none of the weapons were ascribed to a single individual, but appear to have been for collective use.
“They probably represent funerary paraphernalia only accessible to the elite of this time period,” write the researchers. “On the other hand, rock crystal must have had a symbolic significance as a raw material invested with special meanings and connotations. The literature provides examples of societies in which rock crystal and quartz as raw materials symbolize vitality, magical powers, and a connection with ancestors.”
Though we can't be certain of their exact purpose, the discovery and study of these weapons continue to give a fascinating insight into the prehistoric cultures that roamed the Earth over 5,000 years ago.
Mundane as it may seem, glass is a surprisingly mysterious material. Now scientists at the University of Konstanz have identified a new state of matter called liquid glass, which has some unusual properties.
It’s a persistent fallacy that glass already is a liquid, spread by misinformed high school teachers and tour guides. But that’s not technically true – glass is an amorphous solid. Normally when a substance transitions from a liquid to a solid, the formerly free-flowing atoms line up into a rigid crystal formation. That’s not the case with glass though: its atoms “freeze” in their disordered state.
Or at least, that’s how it usually goes. In the new study, the researchers discovered a form of glass where the atoms exhibit a complex behavior that’s never been seen in bulk glass before. Essentially, the atoms can move but aren’t able to rotate.
The team made this discovery in a model system of colloidal suspensions. These mixtures are made up of large solid particles suspended in a fluid, making it easier for scientists to observe the physical behavior of atoms or molecules. Normally these particles are spheres, but for this experiment the team used elliptical ones so they could tell which direction they were pointing.
A diagram showing the positions and orientation of the team's elliptical particles in the liquid glass state
Research groups of Professor Andreas Zumbusch and Professor Matthias Fuchs
The researchers tested different concentrations of particles in the fluid, tracking how well they could move and rotate. Eventually they found that at higher concentrations, the particles blocked each other from rotating, but they could still move, forming a liquid glass state.
“At certain particle densities orientational motion froze whereas translational motion persisted, resulting in glassy states where the particles clustered to form local structures with similar orientation,” says Andreas Zumbusch, lead author of the study.
The team says that the observed behavior comes from two competing glass transitions interacting with each other. Liquid glass has been predicted for decades, and the new observation suggests that similar processes could be at work in other glass-forming systems.
“This is incredibly interesting from a theoretical vantage point,” says Matthias Fuchs, senior author of the study. “Our experiments provide the kind of evidence for the interplay between critical fluctuations and glassy arrest that the scientific community has been after for quite some time.”
By now, we have discovered hundreds of stars with multiple planets orbiting them scattered throughout the galaxy. Each one is unique, but a system orbiting the star HD 158259, 88 light-years away, is truly special.
The star itself is about the same mass and a little larger than the Sun - a minority in our exoplanet hunts. It's orbited by six planets: a super-Earth and five mini-Neptunes.
After monitoring it for seven years, astronomers have discovered that all six of those planets are orbiting HD 158259 in almost perfect orbital resonance. This discovery could help us to better understand the mechanisms of planetary system formation, and how they end up in the configurations we see.
Orbital resonance is when the orbits of two bodies around their parent body are closely linked, as the two orbiting bodies exert gravitational influence on each other. In the Solar System, it's pretty rare in planetary bodies; probably the best example is Pluto and Neptune.
These two bodies are in what is described as a 2:3 orbital resonance. For every two laps Pluto makes around the Sun, Neptune makes three. It's like bars of music being played simultaneously, but with different time signatures - two beats for the first, three for the second.
Orbital resonances have also been identified in exoplanets. But each planet orbiting HD 158259 is in an almost 3:2 resonance with the next planet out away from the star, also described as a period ratio of 1.5. That means for every three orbits each planet makes, the next one out completes two.
Using measurements taken using the SOPHIE spectrograph and the TESS exoplanet-hunting space telescope, an international team of researchers led by astronomer Nathan Hara of the University of Geneva in Switzerland were able to precisely calculate the orbits of each planet.
They're all very tight. Starting closest to the star - the super-Earth, revealed by TESS to be around twice the mass of Earth - the orbits are 2.17, 3.4, 5.2, 7.9, 12, and 17.4 days.
These produce period ratios of 1.57, 1.51, 1.53, 1.51, and 1.44 between each pair of planets. That's not quite perfect resonance - but it's close enough to classify HD 158259 as an extraordinary system.
And this, the researchers believe, is a sign that the planets orbiting the star did not form where they are now.
"Several compact systems with several planets in, or close to, resonances are known, such as TRAPPIST-1 or Kepler-80," explained astronomer Stephane Udry of the University of Geneva.
"Such systems are believed to form far from the star before migrating towards it. In this scenario, the resonances play a crucial part."
That's because these resonances are thought to result when planetary embryos in the protoplanetary disc grow and migrate inwards, away from the outer edge of the disc. This produces a chain of orbital resonance throughout the system.
Then, once the remaining gas of the disc dissipates, this can destabilise the orbital resonances - and this could be what we're seeing with HD 158259. And those tiny differences in the orbital resonances could tell us more about how this destabilisation is occurring.
"The current departure of the period ratios from 3:2 contains a wealth of information," Hara said.
"With these values on the one hand, and tidal effect models on the other hand, we could constrain the internal structure of the planets in a future study. In summary, the current state of the system gives us a window on its formation."
If 2019 was a big year for UFO coverage, 2020 may have been the best year ever.
No one can say for certain whether life exists outside of this planet, but the public's interest levels in the subject have likely never been higher.
FIRST QUARTER
In January, the U.S. Navy said the release of certain classified briefings and a classified video about a UFO incident held by the Department of Defense "would cause exceptionally grave damage to the national security" to the U.S., in response to a public records request from Vice.
A couple of weeks later, the U.K. announced that reported UFO sightings by the British public will be published online for the first time. The Royal Air Force ran a UFO unit for 50 years but shut it down in 2009 after coming to the conclusion that none of the reports offered evidence of a real threat.
In mid-February, after the U.K.'s decision to publish reported UFO sightings online, 61% of Americans surveyed said they want the U.S. government to declassify the country's so-called "X-files." Fifty-eight percent said they believe the U.S. government "actively investigates extraterrestrial life."
SECOND QUARTER
April was a blockbuster month as the Pentagon finally released unclassified footage showing "unidentified aerial phenomena" captured by Navy aircraft that had circulated in the public for years.
That same week, Tom DeLonge, the former Blink-182 singer and the head of To the Stars Academy of Arts & Sciences, the group that originally obtained the videos, said "UFOs are real" in a since-deleted tweet.
The videos, known as "FLIR1," "Gimbal" and "GoFast," were originally released to the New York Times and to TTSA.
The first video of the unidentified object was taken on Nov. 14, 2004, and shot by the F-18's gun camera. The second video was shot on Jan. 21, 2015, and shows another aerial vehicle with pilots commenting on how strange it is. The third video was also taken on Jan. 21, 2015, but it is unclear whether the third video was of the same object or a different one.
In June, the topic spurred national interest once again, after President Trump told his son, Donald Jr., that he had "interesting" details on Roswell, N.M.
"So many people ask me that question," the president said in response to whether aliens exist. "There are millions and millions of people that want to go there, that want to see it. I won't talk to you about what I know about it but it's very interesting. But Roswell is a very interesting place with a lot of people that would like to know what's going on."
When Trump Jr. further pressed his father on whether he would declassify details about Roswell, the president said, "I'll have to think about that one."
Later that month, Florida Sen. Marco Rubio, acting chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee, asked the Pentagon for a detailed, unclassified report on unidentified aerial phenomena. Rubio cited concerns the issue has been given scant attention from the intelligence community while acknowledging the existence of an "Unidentified Aerial Phenomenon Task Force."
THIRD QUARTER
Late July saw the explosive release of a report that mentioned a long-hidden UFO investigative unit within the Pentagon making its findings public, as well as "off-world vehicles not made on this Earth."
In August, the Pentagon officially launched the Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force, boosting an effort by the Office of Naval Intelligence, to investigate UFOs following several unexplained incidents that have been observed by the U.S. military.
This announcement came with its own controversies, Nick Pope, a former employee and UFO investigator for Britain's Ministry of Defense, told Fox News in August.
President Trump made news once again, this time telling Fox News in an October interview that he would take a "good, strong look" at whether there are UFOs.
In December, leaked reports from the Pentagon's UFO task force discussed "non-human technology," including an Oct. 2019 email exchange between high-ranking military officials.
Fox News' James Rogers, Christopher Carbone, Louis Casiano and Tyler Olson contributed to this story.
“Advanced” Human Societies before our Historical Records?
“Advanced” Human Societies before our Historical Records?
In this article from the UFO Conjectures site , he raises the possibility of the existence of advanced human societies prior to historical records.
Graham Hancock , the author of several best sellers, is considered a connoisseur when it comes to “advanced human societies before the one we know,” that is, the ” mother culture ” that preceded later ancient civilizations.
Although the issue of ancient civilizations and their possible technology is considered by some to be “pseudoscientific”, there are many indications that reveal a possible use of advanced technological mechanisms in the remote past.
If we eliminate the idea of aliens who came to instruct our ancestors, some of the ideas that Hancock has contributed over time remain as a result.
Graham Hancock. Credit: Cpt.Muji / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 3.0) Official history tells us that primitive humans were not advanced enough, but when observing the megaliths, found artifacts and ancient knowledge; they seem to indicate a lack of synchronicity between what ancient man could do.
So, if we take into account the archaeological findings that show a high degree of knowledge, it can be argued that thousands of years ago civilizations were capable of performing these feats.
Various subterranean and underwater constructions may be an indication of the “forgotten knowledge” that ancient civilizations once had.
It should also be taken into account that many of the ancient advances, unrecorded by history, could have been erased by natural or environmental catastrophes, by incidents such as the fire of the Library of Alexandria (48 BC) and even by the great flood recorded in various ancient texts and may have destroyed the known world.
A simple example: Göbekli Tepe shows the remains of a society before 10,000 BC with important knowledge and present before other societies such as Sumeria.
As stated in previous paragraphs, if we replace Erich von Däniken’s alien “theories” in Chariots of the Gods with the thought of Graham Hancock, the result would be that an earlier and much more advanced humanity than we can imagine existed in the world. Land.
But what could happen to that brilliant and amazing ancient human civilization? It is a very difficult answer to give; However, as in any society that reaches a high point, problems arise: environmental, overpopulation, wars, etc.
And although we do not have an answer to this enigma, we can sketch some possibilities by observing the current scenario and complementing it with past findings. Possibly history repeats itself, the history of our civilization.
UFO crashes aren’t something you’d think there would be that many of. After all, if aliens have come across the vast sea of stars to get here, you’d think they’d have their technology locked down, and that they would be sure that they weren’t dropping out of the sky all of the time. Yet there is a pretty surprisingly high number of such alleged incidents that show that maybe the alien vehicular safety standards are maybe not up to scratch. It seems like you hear the “(Insert country name here) Roswell” thrown around all of the time, with these crashes being both spectacular and eyebrow-raising at the same time. Here we will be looking at the more obscure “Chilean Roswell,” the time when a UFO allegedly crashed into a mountain in Chile and spawned all of the requisite tales of cover-ups and conspiracies in its aftermath.
It all supposedly began on October 7, 1998, when the normally clear, peaceful day at the small Brazilian village of Paihuano was intruded upon by an anomalous event that none of the rural residents could explain. Locals noticed up in the sky a bright, shiny orange or golden cylindrical metallic object, an estimated 50 feet across, shining brightly in the sunlight and hovering over a nearby hill called Las Mollacas. The eerie object stayed there for a time before rising and then suddenly going into a jagged, abrupt turn that saw it break into two distinct parts, with one falling near the summit of the hill and the other descending lower to smash into the trees behind it. Many people saw this happen, including the town’s own mayor, Lorenzo Torres, and the puzzled witnesses could only guess at what was going on.
It would soon turn out that the appearance and crash of the object had been orbited with other strange phenomena, such as minor earthquakes and blackouts throughout the region, which only served to exacerbate the growing panic among the rural, superstitious populous. It came to the attention of a detachment of a unit of Chilean military police called the Carabineros, who headed out to the area of the supposed crash by horseback, a journey which turned out to be quite the chore considering the steep, treacherous terrain. They would apparently reach the area where the supposed object had come down, but reported that there was nothing there, which is odd because even as they reported this over the highest security connection other military personnel were swarming to the area, with the entire village reportedly under military control within mere hours. In the meantime, a press conference was set up to comment on the event, during which they purportedly received a mysterious phone call from an official at NASA who implored them to cancel the conference until more information was known. The mayor complied by postponing the press conference, but there was no further word from the contact, or even any idea of who it actually had been.
As all of this was going on, on the very same evening of the incident, many residents complained that there was the steady drone of helicopters in the area all night long, which when witnessed appeared to be all black and unmarked. There would also be reports of military trucks headed up the hillside, and even those who claimed they saw helicopters lifting off with something very large in their possession covered with canvas. This mysterious military activity was reported from all around the village, including into neighboring areas such as of Pisco Elquí and Monte Grande, and another oddity was that local hotels and inns were suddenly deluged with foreigners who claimed to be tourists. There were also reported military police patrols who were keeping out curiosity seekers and trespassers, even resident farmers and goat herders, making it seem all very strange for what the authorities were saying was nothing.
This went on for several days, after which the military presence dispersed as quickly as they had come, to leave the villagers in their quiet peace once again. What was the meaning of all of this? What had transpired? No one knew. Some brave locals went up the hillside the next day to investigate with their own eyes, and while they found some evidence that something had disturbed the area, there was not a single shred left behind as to what it could have been. Other explorers would claim to find some strange things, such as the tire tracks of military trucks and “a large cleft, measuring some 5 meters long and some 40 centimeters deep, surrounded by boot prints and heavy vehicle tracks,” as well as stones oddly painted in what looked like aluminum. As this was going on, there were efforts being made to discredit the growing rumors that this had been a crashed ship from another world.
The nearby El Tololo astronomical observatory claimed that this was nothing more than a weather balloon that had gone down, yet there could be provided no evidence that such a balloon had ever been anywhere near the area. The Chilean Air Force totally ignored the incident and refused to even comment on it, although there was one witness who claimed he had been visited by a captain in the Chilean Air Force who had interrogated him on what he had seen that evening. Other scrambled attempts to explain the incident by the government included a down satellite or probe, a remote-controlled drone, an experimental American aircraft, or a meteor, but many of those who had actually seen it weren’t buying any of these explanations. What was going on here?
One observation made about the area itself is that not only does it have a history of UFO sightings, but it also happens to haver a rather unique soil composition that typically turns up large amounts of uranium. There was also a joint Chilean-American military exercise happening in the days around the incident, which may or may not have had had any connection to what transpired. The case has then sort of slipped into obscurity, despite its rather spectacular nickname of “The Chilean Roswell,” and we are left with a lot of questions and few answers.
RELATED VIDEOS ( portuguese and spanish ), selected and posted by peter2011
There are several magnificent canyonsright here on Earth with the Grand Canyon in Arizona being one of the most well known. The “greatest” canyon on Earth is Yarlung Tsangpo which is located in Tibet and China. The deepest ravine on our planet is the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean which goes down approximately 36,000 feet underwater. And while these are all very impressive, the largest canyon in our entire Solar System is actually located on Mars.
The Valles Marineris stretches out almost a quarter of Mars’ circumference around its equator at over 2,500 miles long. To put this into better perspective, it is almost ten times longer than the Grand Canyon and three times deeper. In addition to being the biggest canyon in our Solar System, it is also one of the most mysterious as scientists are unsure as to how it was formed.
Valles Marineris
It is highly unlikely that the canyon was formed by billions of years of rushing water because Mars is so dry and hot. On the other hand, researchers from the European Space Agency (ESA) have stated that there is evidence that some of the canyon’s channels could have been made deeper by flowing water on the planet hundreds of millions of years ago.
According to the ESA, most of the canyon was more than likely opened up billions of years ago when a group of volcanoes called the Tharsis Montes region first formed. That region measures about 4,000 kilometers across (almost 2,500 miles), 10 kilometers in height (6.2 miles) and has 12 large volcanoes including Olympus Mons which is the largest in the Solar System. When the magma bubbled up underneath the volcanoes, the crust of the planet may have stretched, causing the ground to collapse which ultimately created the large canyon known as Valles Marineris. Additional evidence indicates that magma flows, landslides, and ancient rivers more than likely had some effect on the development of the canyon although how much is unclear.
Valles Marineris is almost ten times longer than the Grand Canyon and three times deeper.
A high-resolution camera on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter called HiRISE has been taking photographs of the Red Planet’s features since 2006 which includes some close-up images of the gigantic canyon. The pictures can be seen here as well as on the HiRISE website.
A close-up photo of part of Mars' Valles Marineris, the single largest canyon in the solar system.
The Tithonium Chasma (part of Mars’ Valles Marineris) is slashed with diagonal lines of sediment that could indicate ancient cycles of freezing and melting.
(Image credit: NASA/JPL/UArizona)
Experts still have a lot more work to do in order to conclude for sure how the canyon was formed and the high-resolution photos will certainly help with their research.
Exposing the Mysteries of Antarctica... A Scientific Evaluation
Exposing the Mysteries of Antarctica... A Scientific Evaluation
Over the last 20 years there have been numerous articles, news items and lectures about the mysterious land of Antarctica. Mysteries often surface such as, strange pyramid shaped mountains, alleged secret underground bases, a gaint hole leading to inner earth, extraterrestrial facilities, ancient lost civilizations, UFO acivity, strange creatures and so on and so on. But what are the real truths behind this location.
Currently there are a few thousand people living and stationed there who rarely report anything out of the norm. So what’s going on? Do any of these mysteries really hold their weight? This channel is managed by Zohar Entertainment Group UK, Zohar Entertainment Group International Inc, USA and AdRev, USA.
Asteroid Impact in Antarctica Leaves Smoldering 2 Mile Long Burn Scar!
Asteroid Impact in Antarctica Leaves Smoldering 2 Mile Long Burn Scar!
Asteroid Impact in Antarctica leaves SMOLDERING 2 mile long BURN Scar!
We are living in very unique, changing times and during these times I have become more than intrigued by these changes and what is causing them. I’m referring to the earth changes, changes in our sun and how the earth’s atmosphere manages this what I believe to be a much different sunlight.
Over the last 10 years I have become very familiar with our planet, the mechanics of it and how it reacts to many different aspects of space weather and many other things as well. I monitor everything from the sea floor to the cosmos and everything in between. I am a full-time Watchman and as these uncertain times move forward I’ve got your back. When you really need to know…you’ll know.
Alien Craft Crossing Moon Over Pasay, Philippines Dec 24, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Alien Craft Crossing Moon Over Pasay, Philippines Dec 24, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Dec 24, 2020 Location of sighting: Pasay, Philippines
This is one amazing catch. The eyewitness was recording the moon for to give family as a Christmas present when they accident caught something much more exciting...a football shaped craft. Its a thick disk tilted. The object is tilted slightly and is moving across the moon, but is actually in Earths orbit. The object is brownish red and on one side there is a blue color when shadow is added. The blue is the propulsion systems of the alien craft. Although it lasts only 3 seconds, I put it into slow motion and I can clearly see this is not a meteor, asteroid, satellite or space station. This is absolute proof that aliens exist and are orbiting Earth.
UFO Travels Through Cloud Near Mesquite, Nevada on Jan 4, 2021, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Travels Through Cloud Near Mesquite, Nevada on Jan 4, 2021, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Jan 4, 2021
Location of sighting: Mesquite, Nevada, USA
Watch this video and you will see something absolutely amazing. A stream of cloud forming...first its small and then as it passes through a bigger cloud it grows longer and longer. This is no plane. I use to work on Ellsworth Air Force Base flight line, which is a high security, Strategic Air Command base, and worked on B1 and KC-135 aircraft daily. This is not like any plane or jet that I haver ever seen. This is an alien showing off and having fun leaving our planet. 100% proof that aliens come and they go and America can do nothing to control them.
While imaging M-42 the great Nebula in the sword of Orion, Dennis Recia noticed a number of what he suspects are Starlink Satellites going through all of his exposures.
Although Dennis suggests that it was a train of Starlink satellites he is not sure since he also wonders whether it might have been a UFO.
It is not the first time that such large objects have been observed near Orion Nebula, so it is quite possible that this object was an interstellar craft rather than Starlink satellites which fly in low orbit.
It’s the most anticipated alien abduction movie since Fire In The Sky.
The Pascagoula Incident involved the abduction of Calvin Parker and Charles Hickson in 1973. It has long been touted to become immortalized on the silver screen.
When we last spoke with Calvin Parker in February, he was confident that a movie would eventually be made.
The hold up was a screenplay which would satisfy Parker. He was concerned that the true facts would get lost in the Hollywood spin.
Well, that screenplay now appears completed and ready to go according to publisher Philip Mantle.
Mantle, who runs Flying Disk Press and has been responsible for getting Parker to finally come out and tell the true story about Pascagoula, says there have been several drafts of the screenplay and it now seems that Parker is happy to “pull the trigger” and consent to a movie being made.
Pascagoula Will Be The Perfect Alien Abduction Movie
Like Fire In The Sky, which told of the abduction of Travis Walton, the Pascagoula Incident has all the trappings of the perfect alien abduction movie.
The abduction, the following police investigation and worldwide interest made this one of the most remarkable ufo events since Roswell.
At this stage, it’s still only a screenplay. Mantle says he and Parker are really happy with the final product.
“ While I can’t give away too much regarding the actual content of the screenplay, I can say I’ve had the pleasure of reading it and although I am biased, I have to say that it is top class”.
“If this story is not now turned into a movie or a TV drama series, it will be a travesty. I would like to thank everyone who has supported Calvin Parker since I published his first book in 2018”.
“A lot has happened since then but the final cherry on the cake is the screenplay. There is still a lot of work ahead. I am 100% convinced that we will see this fascinating story told on either the big or small screen sooner rather than later”.
Pascagoula Was A Bizarre Event
The Pascagoula Incident was one of three major alien abduction events in the United States during a four year period in the 1970s.
Pascagoula happened in 1973, the Travis Walton abduction followed in 1975 and the Devil’s Den incident occurred in 1977.
All three were earmarked at some stage to make the silver screen. So far, only Walton’s abduction has been made into a movie. That’s the 1993 production of Fire In The Sky.
Calvin Parker was concerned about the facts being distorted to suit the Hollywood narrative if they came calling about a movie on his abduction event.
It’s fair to say that Fire In The Sky didn’t quite “hit the mark” factually. Travis Walton himself has confirmed this.
Parker has been very deliberate and unmoved in his desire for the facts to be as accurate as possible.
“I’ll admit I don’t think anybody can put a movie out without adding a little something different in it”.
“Now we’re trying to keep the facts right in ours, but you know, they might have to add a different color car”.
“Or maybe something that’s coming down or you have two or three less police officers just to keep budgets down in the movie. I do understand there’s no way a movie can stay true to the exact facts”.
“They have Charlie’s book and they have mine. Now I’m telling the truth as best as I can”.
“I’m a Christian and I believe in God and the truth and what I’m trying to say is, Charlie might have seen something a little different than what I did”.
“But I know what I’m telling is true. There’s no doubt in my mind”.
Fingers Crossed This Alien Abduction Movie Is Made
Parker and Hickson’s stories didn’t deviate much at all. In fact, they were both recorded in the interview room when left there on their own.
When the police listened to it later, they heard two men both scared out of their minds at what had just happened to them. Either they were good actors or their fear was genuine. Most believe the latter.
We spent an hour with Parker earlier in 2020 and he was hopeful that his story would eventually make the big screen.
In the following excerpt from our interview, Parker talks about the possibility that the Pascagoula Incident would become a movie and recounts the abduction event that made world headlines in 1973.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
What Does Russia Know? Translation and Analysis of a Soviet UFOlogist's Study of Naval Incidents - PART I
What Does Russia Know? Translation and Analysis of a Soviet UFOlogist's Study of Naval Incidents - PART I
Adam Kehoe
UFOs have returned to the national conversation in the past several years. That conversation has often invoked national security concerns. The recent passage of an omnibus spending package included a Senate request for an unclassified report on the issue. The language reflects palpable anxiety about potential technological developments among competitors.
The report specifically requests the following:
Identification of any incidents or patterns that indicate a potential adversary may have achieved breakthrough aerospace capabilities that could put United States strategic or conventional forces at risk
However, former officials close to the topic emphasize an entirely different concern. They are less worried that the objects might be of Russian or Chinese origin, and more troubled by the possibility that other countries may be ahead in understanding them.
In this analytical formulation, UFOs pose two separate threats. Principally, there is a direct threat of having something unidentified and unknown both in terms of capability and intent in protected airspace. This is the national security issue most focus on, as it is obvious. However, former officials like Luis Elizondo also argue there is a secondary threat that competitor nations could learn something of value from studying these objects. In other words, "potential adversaries" may not have achieved a breakthrough today – but they might in the future, if they can learn something of defense significance from observing UFOs.
This is a dizzying premise for many; it requires us to presuppose that at least some UFOs represent a form of unknown technology. The strategic implication is that countries better positioned to learn from that technology stand a better chance at developing qualitative advantages. Likewise, countries that ignore the issue stand to be "strategically surprised" if a breakthrough is made.
This is a kind of defense equivalent of Pascal's wager. Either UFOs do represent a form of technology, or they don't. If they do, it appears significantly more advanced than known technology based on reports. Studying such reports seriously might lead to advances; ignoring them might lead to falling behind. The cost of studying them if they turn out to be nothing interesting is public ridicule and wasted resources – an arguably small price to pay for a paranoid defense planner raised in the context of the existential threat posed by nuclear weapons.
One logical approach to solving this problem is to discreetly study the issue with a minimum viable set of resources. A small footprint helps keep the issue out of the press, which avoids public ridicule and counterintelligence concerns, and also minimizes resources allocated to something that might not be viable. It also strongly suggests that the UFO programs of other countries would be of high interest. While any country would surely be happy to obtain a qualitative advantage, it is almost as important to deny major advantages to competitors. Secondarily, prosaic UFO sightings often are the result of experimental tests and the like. Tracking UFO sightings simultaneously provides insight into conventional programs while also hedging against the risk that there is actually substance to decades of odd reports.
One implication of this view is that we would expect to see a large number of foreign intelligence programs looking at UFOs. They would likely all be quite small and discreet – not because they are hiding any great secret, but rather because they exist largely as a kind of safeguard or counterweight. They would all be preoccupied and likely anxious about other competitors, and all would have an interest in forwarding conventional intelligence when they can obtain it.
Dr. Puthoff, a former contractor with AATIP, assessed that the Russians had a large, well-resourced program on the basis of an enigmatic set of documents known as Thread-3. In preparation for this piece, I independently obtained a copy of the Thread-3 documents. After communicating with George Knapp, I learned that he intends to publish them. Given his unique position to verify the provenance of the documents and provide their full context, I will defer to him to make them public and not reproduce them here. However, below I draw upon portions of Thread-3 as a source to examine the claim that the Soviet Union ran a large-scale UFO program.
To date, public Soviet sources have been characteristically difficult to parse. For example, propaganda produced by the Soviet Union neatly played both sides of the narrative, simultaneously treating the subject seriously, while also deriding it as an American obsession that thinly justified inflated defense budgets.
In this piece, I provide notes on my translation of Soviet submariner Vladimir Azhazha's book "Underwater UFOs" (original title: Подводные НЛО) to shed further light on the Russian UFO program. The puzzling book simultaneously provides a great deal of context on the Soviet study of UFOs, as well as multiple theories that strain credulity.
Notably, Azhazha's book contains a collection of case notes describing naval UFO incidents. The cases comprise 122 discrete incidents, spanning 600 BCE to 2006. I have compiled and translated these cases into a data set, available for the first time in English. They are also available in downloadable CSV format.
While Azhazha's work and data are intriguing, they also requires very strong caveats. Azhazha's presentation of theories in the book often appear ungrounded – even outlandish. They often cite quasi-mythological ideas and conspiracy tropes. It will take a great deal more time and more research attention to carefully examine his case notes. I offer a preliminary examination of two cases here, both involving the GOES-9 satellite system. These two cases involve incidents that appear to have been solved as prosaic by UFO enthusiasts at the time of the incidents. These two cases do not invalidate the other accounts, but they do underscore the need for caution in working with this material.
Despite these glaring issues, much of his account of the Soviet study of UFOs is corroborated – almost verbatim – by other Russian officials involved in the effort. Despite obvious differences in views, "skeptics" and "believers" alike appear to agree that the Soviet Union only superficially appeared to have a massive UFO program from 1976-1990 due to a military policy to record incidents of unusual phenomena. Azhazha and more skeptical officials tell the same story: in reality, the core program was very small and consistently hampered by a lack of resources and a hostile bureaucracy.
A preliminary note on language. I studied Russian briefly in college and have experience with other Slavic languages, but am by no means fluent. Throughout, I have largely relied on translation tools and only provided light editing to fix obvious transliteration errors or minor grammatical problems. In most cases, I deferred to machine translation rather than substituting my own. Due to the possibility of translation issues, I also retained the original Russian so that other researchers can do their own translation and see the original context. The same caveats apply throughout; it is possible I have mistranslated or misunderstood some concepts.
Recap: Who was Vladimir Azhazha?
Before examining Azhazha's book, it is important to revisit key details of his career. A scientist and former submariner, Azhazha was identified as head of a Soviet UFO research group in the early 1990s:
In the previous piece, I also provided an account from Dr. Jacques Vallée of meeting and speaking to Azhazha in the early 1990s. In the span of a few pages, Vallée gives an account of his conversation with Dr. Azhazha about official Soviet interest in the subject:
To learn more, I sought out information about Azhazha's subsequent writing about UFOs. Azhazha wrote at least seven books on the subject. His most recent appears to be "Underwater UFOs" (Подводные НЛО). The book was published along with Evgeny Litvinov. Publication dates vary with various editions; a digital version was published in 2018 and is the primary text I relied on for my translation.
According to Azhazha, his involvement in UFOs formally began around 1976. Azhazha states that in the 1970s Soviet submariners began observing unusual sonar returns that sounded like the croaking of frogs. Sailors apparently described the phenomena as "Квакеры" ("Quakers" perhaps a corruption of "Croakers.")
Initially, the explanation was that this noise was the product of an American anti-sub program or a new system of navigational aids. This explanation was challenged over time, primarily because the sources of the noise seemed to move. Additionally, Soviet defense planners calculated that a mass deployment of a similar technology would require tens of thousands of sources to be effective as an anti-submarine technology. These calculations led some to believe that the "Quakers" were not American technology.
Over time, the "Quakers" also appeared to behave in unusual ways. According to Azhazha, the source of the noise would sometimes appear to follow submarines, modulating the frequency and tone of signals. Attempts to send sonar messages back often provoked reactions. During this period, the Soviet Navy began to explore alternative explanations more seriously. Azhazha concedes that alien life or other exotic causes were not considered by many; the chief competing explanation appears to have been an unusual form of marine life.
Eventually, a Soviet engineer created a simple device that made a similar "croaking" noise in reaction to disturbances. A theory emerged that the "croakers" might be a kind of distributed sensor system. Azhazha admits that American anti-sub deployments often seemed to coincide with observations of the phenomena. The occurrence of the strange sounds appears to have peaked in the 1970s at high latitudes before ultimately becoming rare.
During this period, other accounts of unusual nautical phenomena became more prevalent. Azhazha cites a rash of UFO sightings, often featuring unusual objects coming into or out of bodies of water. According to Azhazha, by 1976 he was invited by Admiral Yuri Ivanov to examine some of these files.
Previously, Azhazha had served as head of scientific expeditions on the research submarine "Severyanka" (Russian: «Северянка»). Independent CIA reporting on Soviet scientific publications confirms his role as chief of expeditions on the submarine:
Given the apparent concern that the "croaker" phenomena could be a form of unusual marine life, it stands to reason that a submariner of Azhazha's background could be involved in investigating the issue. The formal reason for his inclusion was not stated, beyond his general expertise in underwater operations.
Azhazha claims that subsequent events changed the focus of the investigation away from the "Quaker" phenomena. He cites an incident where a cylinder with a length of several hundred meters (200 meters is equivalent to about 650 feet) was reported hovering over the water in a remote region of the Pacific ocean. The object was said to have a silver like color, and appeared to be a "hive-like" host to a large number of smaller objects. These objects periodically would dive into the water before returning into the cylinder. The cylinder then departed at high speed.
Azhazha records a number of other similar events in this period. According to him, a common feature of these incidents was that the object would be visible optically but completely invisible to radar. In several reported incidents, strange objects came extremely close to military vessels and submarines. The book describes some of the most harrowing episodes happening aboard submarines forced to rapidly maneuver to evade collision.
Azhazha writes "The (Russian) Navy's intelligence Department also received reports of UFOs, but they were scattered and random, which did not allow for an overall picture or analysis. It was decided to organize a systematic collection of information about the appearance of UFOs over the waters and in the depths of the sea." Eventually this led to an order providing instructions on how to better report these incidents, titled "Instructions for Observing UFOs from Ships and Vessels" (Russian: «Инструкция по наблюдению НЛО с кораблей и судов»)
Despite the willingness to gather data, Azhazha describes a fraught political and ideological situation. Potentially describing reactions to his own more "exotic" explanations, he remarks: "Attempts to explain this phenomenon were not taken seriously, and scientists who tried to do this were persecuted, accused of dilettantism and profanation of science."
Azhazha further recounts an exchange between Admiral V. N. Chernavin and other high ranking naval officials. An official responsible for political ideology complained that the UFO issue was nonsensical and representative of the kind of "mysticism" that Soviet ideology eschews.
It is vital to recall that under Marxist-Leninist views, religious or mystical belief is considered symptomatic of an oppressive economic order. Marx famously wrote, "Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the opium of the people." Later, Lenin would write "Atheism is a natural and inseparable part of Marxism, of the theory and practice of scientific socialism." In practice, the issue of faith and pseudoscience were considerably more complex in the Soviet Union. The Soviet military relied on a "commissar" system, involving officers responsible for political and ideological conformity. Essentially, the Admiral was being confronted by a leader of commissars on ideological grounds.
Such conflicts were typically litigated through philosophical and political argumentation. Azhazha claims that the rebuttal from the admiral was as follows:
If we proceed from our Marxist-Leninist philosophy, then the world is boundless, infinite, without beginning and without end, and why not assume that somewhere there is a planet like, say, our Earth, with another, say, level of development - more or less?
Apparently this answer was not well received; the text is somewhat difficult to follow but it appears this political objection caused considerable problems in the implementation of orders to report and observe UFOs.
The issue became more pointed again within Naval circles in October of 1977, when Azhazha recounts being contacted by Soviet intelligence about an incident in the Barents Sea.
According to a duty officer, about 200 miles from the coast in the Barents Sea, a submarine group was overflown by nine unidentified objects approximately the size of a helicopter. Each was described as appearing to be metal disks, aggressively maneuvering for approximately 18 minutes. The crew was unable to communicate by radio with their main base.
This incident appears to have provoked some action. Given the ideological sensitivities however, Azhazha describes authorities as being loathe to use the term "flying saucer" or "unidentified flying object." In a move now familiar to American audiences, the issue was now described as "anomalous phenomena." The original Russian is provided below:
Официальные органы боялись, как черт ладана, не только термина летающие тарелки, но даже названия неопознанные летающие объекты, и все это драпировалось туманным названием аномальные явления. И инструкция была озаглавлена так: «Методические указания по организации в военно-морском флоте наблюдений аномальных физических явлений»
Though Azhazha focuses heavily on the apparent Barents Sea incident, it was likely less important to overall Soviet society than an event in September of 1977 known as the "Petrozavodsk phenomenon." The controversial phenomena involved mass sightings of unusual light phenomena and sightings over a vast geographic region over northwestern Russia and Finland. The phenomena is considered somewhat controversial, and is frequently explained by the launch of Soviet satellite Kosmos-955 – notably by Boris Sokolov and Yuli Platov, both also involved in the Soviet study of anomalous phenomena.
Credit: Primetime Live. Hat tip: Douglas Johnson
Sokolov and Platov co-wrote a brief history of the Soviet study of UFOs in this period. Their account is startlingly similar to the language used by Azhazha. In fact, the language is so close, portions appear nearly identical in terms of phrasing. Their piece, including some portions echoed by Azhazha, make a much more skeptical case of the Soviet program. Sokolov and Platov argue that the vast majority of the cases were easily solved, and were the result of mistaken balloons and weapons test programs.
Both Sokolov and Platov were interviewed for an investigative report about UFOlogy by WEWS News Channel 5 in Cleveland. The clip is available above, and largely echoes both Azhazha and Sokolov/Platov's comments about Soviet UFO policy.
According to both Sokolov/Platov and Azhazha, the Petrozavodsk incident provoked a wider study of "anomalous phenomena" at the time. By 1979, a directive was issued to scientific organizations to collect any potential observations of unusual phenomena. By 1980, the directive was extended to military units. Azhazha writes:
This directive allows for the collection of information on UFOs in a huge observation center via the Soviet army, and practically without any financial investment. Every soldier, no matter where he is, without knowing it, becomes one of the potential observers in this program, because in the event of observing any unusual phenomenon, he must report his observations in writing in accordance with an established form.
This "listening post" directive appears to have been an attempt at a low-cost method of collecting data from the Soviet military. This included rules for collecting data on rocket launches and other uses of space technology. Officials with expertise in studying the effects of radiation were appointed high positions in the effort.
According to Azhazha, a small group of four to five people was formed to directly carry out research. Other research problems were allocated to allied institutions as needed. The head scientific organization was the Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation (IZMIRAN).
Azhazha claims that the program activities ranged from collecting reports of UFO sightings, to analyzing materials and developing theoretical models of "various classes of anomalous phenomena." Importantly, both Azhazha and Platov/Sokolov agree that the funds for the research were allocated from the budget of the organizations involved; no specific funding for research was in place.
Ultimately, the Soviet Academy of Sciences considered three primary hypotheses:
UFOs are a product of human activity, i.e. the phenomena are of anthropogenic origin.
UFOs are the product of natural processes occurring on Earth, in the atmosphere Earth and near space.
UFOs are a manifestation of the activities of "extraterrestrial civilizations."
Azhazha and Sokolov/Platov note that "UFO" was never accepted in official documents. Instead, the term "anomalous phenomena" was always used. Additionally, the program was kept "closed" to the wider public. This was due to the four reasons:
The program was closely aligned with defense issues
The perceived "high probability of military-technical origin" of "observed strange phenomena"
The relatively frequent association of UFOs with military bases and concentrations of military equipment
The high degree of military interest in the specific properties of UFOs, primarily "lack of radar contrast" and high maneuverability.
Although it is unclear if the program was fully secret, Azhazha claims that the state directed minimal media coverage, and publications on UFOs were "recommended" to be sent for review by the Soviet Academy of Sciences. Over the years, the program received different codenames, including "Grid", "Galaxy" and "Horizon." In each case, the program was bifurcated between a military and a scientific component – often suffixed as either "MO" or "AN." According to Azhazha, the program was formally closed by 1990.
"Mythology" or insanity?
The tone of the book pivots sharply as Azhazha moves to providing an enumerated list of incidents and a corresponding analysis of their implications. The translation becomes significantly more complex in these later passages. In the "analytical" portions, it is sometimes unclear when Azhazha is summarizing, recapitulating mythology or making bald assertions.
For example, Azhazha spends considerable time describing "esoteric" theories that features a kind of Atlantean civilization that has partially transcended materiality. In other passages, he seems to argue that the Earth has undergone periods of extensive nuclear war in its deep history. Bewildering sections interpret the Mayan calendar as evidence for a nuclear cataclysm that altered the Earth's rotation.
Other mainstays of conspiracy thinking make appearances, including the supposed "Sphinx" on Mars and supposed lunar structures. In yet more confusing passages, a kind of partial history of a conflict between Venus, Mars and Earth is described. The sprawling theory again touches on Atlantean ideas, as well as incorporation of global myths about dragons. Throughout, there are quasi-spiritual ideas involving evolution and long forgotten environmental shifts. Very little discernible evidence is provided; the sections are frankly difficult to translate and to read.
Sprinkled throughout are occasional "bottom-line" analyses. For instance, Azhazha offers the following comment "I think that our civilization will not live long. Therefore, 'they' seek to slow down our scientific and technological development somewhat and deliberately do not allow us to discover the phenomena on which their technology is based." It is unclear from context whether "they" refers to an extraterrestrial species, an esoteric being of some kind, or a precursor Earth civilization.
Azhazha's Summary
The book is extraordinarily complex to summarize. Instead, I will offer Azhazha's own summary which he provides in nine enumerated points:
Azhazha emphasizes again a very large number of ocean-based UFO incidents
By Azhazha's estimation, nearly 40% of ocean UFO observations were subsurface. He regards this as evidence that "aliens prefer an aquatic environment...where they feel more secretive and safe."
He assesses the "croaker" phenomena to be caused by mobile UFOs that create a shifting, dynamic infrastructure grid. He further asserts the grid has a "psychotronic" aspect that is intended to keep both NATO and Soviet/Russian submarines away. He connects observations of "water columns," "domes of water disturbances", and various nautical light phenomena as also being related to UFOs
The occurrence of "aliens" in the ocean coincides with human activity, primarily with respect to the military. There is a preoccupation with nuclear and other weapons testing in the ocean.
The most "dense and dangerous contacts" occur near "bases" or "approaches to them." Further, he claims the largest number of "bases" are in the Atlantic ocean
The sixth point is somewhat difficult to decipher. Azhazha asserts "the existence of an underwater civilization on Earth has the right to exist." He cites a supposed "international patent" that appears not to exist.
Azhazha ponders the existence of truly massive UFOs. He asks why such huge structures would be built. Answering his own question, he writes: "[T]he author of this book has long matured the belief that all civilizations, having reached a certain technological stage of development, create and live in ship-bases, artificially created worlds adapted to any needs of their inhabitants, constantly maintained and improved. Such an artificial world is self-sufficient and does not depend on any planet or physical conditions. It is able to move for as long as it wants, apparently in any environment. 'Flying cities', which are apparently able to move even from one planetary system to another, are also observed over our Earth."
Without full transparency about the presence of "aliens on earth" it is impossible to have truly safe surface and subsurface transportation. Azhazha claims another book on this issue of "safety" will be forthcoming.
He closes by claiming that in order to ensure "normal coexistence" of human civilization with that "of Another Mind" it is necessary to carry out a large number of preparations. The first among them is a "properly organized planetary xenological education in a number of higher educational institutions." He claims this is already happening in a very complex way in the United States and in Russia, but that it is a separate and convoluted conversation.
To provide a flavor of the cases collected in the book, here are two examples from the early 1990s. Both reference the GOES-9 weather satellite, one of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites.
The cases reference apparently massive objects (350 and 400 kilometer diameters) supposedly captured in satellite imagery:
CASE NUMBER
YEAR
LOCATION
RUSSIAN DESCRIPTION
ENGLISH DESCRIPTION
105
1992
Pacific Ocean Chile
Инфракрасные камеры геостационарного спутника США и Чили «GOES-9» зафиксировали пролет гигантского на вид искусственного тела, диаметром около 400 километров над побережьем Чили.
Infrared cameras of the geostationary satellite of the United States and Chile "GOES-9" recorded the flight of a giant-looking artificial body, with a diameter of about 400 kilometers over the coast of Chile.
107
1993
Pacific Ocean
Тот же спутник «GOES-9» зафиксировал ДОП гигантских размеров, диаметром около 350 километров на скорости перемещения 10 000 км/час.
Satellite "GOES-9" recorded a giant UFO, with a diameter of about 350 kilometers and travel speeds of 10,000 km/h
In 1997, a similar incident was recorded and discussed on email newsgroups. The image below shows a small number of white spots that were apparently interpreted as UFOs at the time:
Contemporaneously, these were identified as likely digital photo artifacts. A UFO researcher noted that the incident seemed to be the result of bad data rather than massive UFOs off the coast of Chile.
http://ufoupdateslist.com/1997/apr/m25-010.shtml
Azhazha's source for the earlier observations is not provided. However, it appears possible if not likely that Azhazha simply misinterpreted the data.
As mentioned above, I independently obtained a copy of these documents and have begun analyzing them. The documents are similar to Azhazha's book in some respects; they contain many interesting clues and pieces of information, but also contain odd statements and theories. Due to the complexities surrounding them, it is not possible to strictly "vet" these documents. However, I have verified that the copies I received are indeed the same that Knapp and Gresh obtained.
Azhazha is mentioned by name five times in the documents. In the first passage, he is described alongside Felix Zigel (discussed in my earlier piece, as well) as working on UFO problems as early as the 1960s. However, according to these documents most of that work involved making general arguments about the importance of the phenomena and tracking foreign research on the subject – particularly French and American. The narrative in Thread-3 also agrees that the "Petrozavodsk phenomenon" incited a wave of policy changes, as described above.
Azhazha appears again in the documents bearing copies of the "MJ-12" documents that have long circulated among conspiracy theorists. A manuscript of Azhazha's work is subsequently cited in a breathless passage about alleged cosmonaut encounters, and again in another section about aviation incidents. Finally, the documents reference Azhazha's approval as chairman of a group studying UFOs around 1979.
Interestingly, the documents seem to make no mention of the naval and submarine incidents cited by Azhazha. In sum, the Thread-3 material portrays Azhazha as being passionately involved in UFOlogy from an early date – but primarily as a promoter of the subject and conduit to foreign UFOlogists.
Preliminary Conclusions
This piece is not an attempt to exhaustively chronicle the Soviet program – such an effort would require far more translation work and access to sources than is currently practical. However, it does provide several things:
Notes on a previously untranslated book from a key figure in Soviet UFOlogy
The publication of a small data set of naval encounters
Initial cross-comparison with the activity of other governments (notably the aborted French outreach in the early 1980s)
Input from the not-yet public Thread-3 material
Taken together, there are a small number of preliminary conclusions:
The Soviet program superficially appeared massive due to the military "listening post" policy, but in practice was limited to roughly five or so people with no dedicated budget
According to Azhazha, a source known to exaggerate the importance of the topic, the pre-1976 program was scattershot and disorganized with respect to data
As in the modern American context, naming proved tricky. Intriguingly, Soviet officials also renamed UFOs to "anomalous phenomena" to make the topic more palatable
All sources appear to agree that the "Petrozavodsk phenomenon" was the single most important event in Soviet UFOlogy. There is lingering controversy today over the explanation; Sokolov and Platov contend that it was ultimately caused by a satellite launch.
Overall, the Soviet program appears to fit the strategic mold described above: a minimally resourced program designed to cheaply leverage observational resources as a hedge against there being anything of substance to stranger reports.
Participants like Sokolov and Platov also emphasized the conventional intelligence aspect of their work. Others like Azhazha have made strong claims, but with limited evidence. The program participants often appeared preoccupied with foreign reports, and with the possibility that what they were observing was American technology. They too struggled with the enduring question: who else knows? What do they know?
The preliminary answer seems to be: everyone has these reports in the international community, but no one knows all that much about them.
Appendix A: Bibliography
Given that Soviet and Russian UFOlogy is not well represented in the West, I have included the "literatura" or bibliography provided in the book. Copies of both the original Russian and English are provided, and give some insight into the sources Azhazha relied on:
Carlos Diaz: The Man Who Contacted And Filmed The UFO
Carlos Diaz: The Man Who Contacted And Filmed The UFO
One morning in January 1981, Mexican photographer Carlos Diaz pulled into a deserted car park at Ajusco Park near Mexico City. He was on an assignment for a magazine, and had arranged to meet a journalist who was yet to arrive.
Diaz sat in his car, preparing his camera for the job ahead. Although it was early in the morning, the air was thick with humidity which made even sitting still uncomfortable. Impatiently, Diaz began to look at his watch.
Suddenly, his attention was caught by a strange yellow glow coming from the valley below him. At first he thought it was a forest fire, but, an instant later, the source of light revealed itself to be a large, orange, oval-shaped UFO, slowly hovering about 30 metres from his car.
Unable to believe his eyes, Diaz quickly grabbed his camera. With it resting on his steering wheel, he began frantically firing off shots. Then, without warning, the whole car began to shake violently.
Diaz got out of the vehicle and took two more photographs before the craft sped up vertically into the sky, leaving Diaz in a state of shock. This encounter marked the beginning of what was to develop into one of he most fascinating and long-running contactee cases in the history of UFOlogy.
Carlos Díaz
Today, the case remains among a small minority of alledged extraterrestrial encounters to be supported by verified film documentation that has stood up to the scrutiny of a range of experts.
KEY ENCOUNTER
Indeed, the apparent credibility of Diaz’s claims has attracted the attention of some of the world’s top UFO researchers, including German author Michael Hesemann and abduction researcher Dr John Mack. Both concluded that Diaz’s story is completely credible.
Hesemann echoes the views of most researchers when he states: ‘The Carlos Diaz case is the most important case of documented alien-human contact to have emerged in modern times.’ Certainly, at the time of his initial encounter, Diaz little suspected what was to come.
The transition from a run-of-the-mill UFO sighting in an area now acknowledged as a UFO hot-spot, to one of the key cases of recent years did not occur until weeks later. In the days that followed this January sighting, Diaz remained preoccupied by his experience.
Unable to forget what he had seen, he repeatedly returned to the Ajusco Park location, hoping to secure more pictures. After a succession of fruitless visits, Diaz began to think that he was wasting his time. But then, on 23rd of March, his patience was rewarded.
RETURN TRIP
While roaming the greenery, Diaz was again alerted to the presence of a UFO by an orange glow, which he could see only dimly through the fog and rain that had saturated the forest in Ajusco Park. As he climbed up the walls of the valley, he managed to position himself within 45 metres of the object. Diaz watched the ‘craft’ hovering above him, eminating a bright orange light.
It was, he said, dome-shaped with a smooth ring in its centre. This, claimed Diaz, was covered with a number of half spheres, each around one metre in diameter. Crouching behind some rocks, Diaz thought his actions had gone unnoticed, but, as he continued to watch the craft, he felt someone grab his shoulder from behind.
Diaz immediately fainted, and, when he awoke, it was dark and the UFO was gone. He was shocked to discover that, despite heavy rain, his clothes were completely dry. At that point, he knew something strange had happened to him. When he returned to his car, Diaz noticed another car parked in front of him.
At this point, Diaz claimed, a humanoid entity with fair hair approached him and told him that if he wanted to know more about what he had just experienced, he should return to the same spot at noon the following day. Apparently, when Diaz returned the next day, he discovered the same entity sitting on the grass.
Diaz claimed that the being then turned to him and explained that it was he who grabbed his shoulder the previous day. Before leaving, the being also told Diaz that he had come from inside the craft and that Diaz would gradually recover his memory of what had happened while he was unconscious. Sure enough, over the next few months, Diaz’s memory returned, piece by piece.
According to his account, he recalled the craft hovered directly over his head. As he attempted to touch the craft, his hand seemed to pass through the yellow light and he seemed to merge with it. The next thing he recalled was seeing the craft parked on a platform inside a giant cave.
Diaz was filled with awe when he remembered what he had seen inside: ‘It was full of stalagmites, some of which were carved into what appeared to be Mayan sculptures,’ he stated.
‘I saw many people in the cave, some of whom waved to me and, in a state of shock, I waved back.’ Apparantly the being Diaz had encountered in the park then led him to a smaller cave which contained seven glowing, egg-shaped orbs, one of which Diaz was invited to step into. On entering, Diaz could at first only see yellow light.
But then he found himself surrounded by the image of a forest. ‘I could see all the details of the forest as if I was walking through it,’ said Diaz. ‘I couldn’t touch anything, but I could feel the temperature and moisture.
I could see and experience everything, yet I wasn’t physically there.’ His guide then told him that the orbs were also a system for storing information and that certain data had been imparted to him. Diaz was then returned to the ship and, in time, to the park.
CONTINUING CONTACT
According to Diaz, this was only the first of a series of contacts with the same beings, which continue to this day. Since 1981, Diaz has stated that his experience inside the orbs has enabled him to ‘travel’ to different regions of the Earth’s ecosystem – forest, desert, jungle, shoreline, even Arctic areas – with his ET contact.
Through this contact, Diaz claims to have been imbued with an awareness of the interconnectedness of all life and the need to preserve our environment.
To many UFOlogists, especially those who have had their ‘fingers burnt’ by alledged contactees before, these claims may appear far-fetched. However, Diaz is seen by many researchers as a highly reliable source, not least because of the strong body of photographic evidence he has amassed to support his claims.
INDISPUTABLE PROOF?
Mexican TV journalist and UFOlogist Jaime Maussan, who has been at the centre of UFO investigations in Mexico since the wave began in 1991, believes that Diaz’s UFO photographs are among the most impressive he has seen.
Maussan took Diaz’s photographs to Jim Dilettoso, an image processing expert at Village Labs, in Tucson, Arizona, who concluded they were genuine. After satisfying himself he was not dealing with a hoaxer, Maussan visited Diaz at his hime in Tepoztlan, Mexico. There, he spoke to a number of other witnesses who claimed to have seen exactly the same type of UFO.
The apparent credibility of the Diaz case has also attracted UFO researchers from further afield, who have attempted to glean insights into the alien agenda from Diaz’s contactee claims. German author Michael Hesemann, who first interviewed Diaz in June 1994, is convinced of the credibility of Diaz’s story.
‘Not only is he contacting these beings through encounters on the ships,’ says Hesemann, ‘but he claims to be meeting these beings socially, since he believes some of them are living among us.’ However Hesemann explains that, according to Diaz, the beings are reluctant to fully disclose their origins.
‘Apparently,’ says Hesemann, ‘they did, however, explain that they have been visiting Earth for thousands of years, and are particularly interested in our evolution which, compared to their own, has happened at a much faster rate. They are trying to learn why.’
Another UFO researcher intrigued by Diaz’s case is Professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, John Mack. Mack has a long history of dealing with abductees and contactees and believes that the Diaz case is among the most convincing he has come across.
In his book Passport to the Cosmos, he states: ‘Out of all the experiencers I have worked with, it is Carlos Diaz who seems to have developed the richest understanding of the interconnected web of nature. Diaz’s experience of connecting with living creatures is so intense that he seems literally to become the thing he is describing.’
Diaz’s experience, Mack claims constitutes an ‘awakening’, a process which, he says, is common in abductees. Diaz told Mack that his contact with the ETs had instilled in him a need to preserve the environment and the ability to ‘enjoy a beautiful planet’.
Whether or not an extraterrestrial influence was involved, Diaz’s new-found concern for the environment has certainly become a driving force in his life. he has repeatedly and passionately conveyed this environmental warning publicly, most notably at a UFO conference in Dusseldorf, Germany in 1995.
Diaz has revealed that he had been informed through his contacts that the civilization of the visiting extraterrestrial, like ours, had been threatened by its own history of destruction, but had somehow managed to survive.
He remains convinced that his contacts’ disturbing prediction for our future is only too real – a prediction that states with near certainty that humanity, on its current course, is headed for total extinction.
ALIEN MESSENGER
This outspokenness, coupled with the public nature of his experience, has le Diaz to assume visionary status in both his home town of Tepoztlan and UFO circles. however, Diaz has been quick to dispute this, claiming that he is not a unique visionary, but merely ‘a messenger’.
The real nature of Diaz’s current incarnation aside, for many UFOlogists, the Diaz case remains among the most convincing on record. Indeed, few UFO reports exist that boast such impressive and abundant photographic evidence. And fewer still have emerged that have stood up to the scrutiny applied to Diaz’s images.
PERFECT PICTURES
Expert analysis of Carlos Diaz’s UFO pictures has been extremely thorough. Mexican UFOlogist Jaime Maussan gave the original transparencies to Professor Victor Quesada at the Polytechnical Institute of the University of Mexico for examination.
Quesada stated: ‘We were shocked to discover that the spectrum of light from the object was unlike anything we have ever seen, it broke all previous parameters and didn’t match anything in our data banks.
The light was extraordinarily intense. There was no evidence of superimposition or a hoax. We estimated the object to be around 30 to 50 metres in diameter.’ Interestingly, the photographs were also analysed by Dr Robert Nathan at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California. Nathan, a notorious UFO sceptic, stated that he could find no evidence of a fake.
Certainly, for many who have examined the three images, the first shot is the most impressive. In it, the orange glowing craft can be seen through the windshield of the car, and light from the object is reflected both off the car’s bonnet and off the metal guard rail by the side of the road. These, in particular, are details that experts claim are extremely difficult to fake.
VIDEO EVIDENCE
Mexican UFOlogist Jaime Maussan was so intrigued by Carlos Diaz’s account of his experiences that he provided him with a video camera and asked him to see if he could record the UFO on tape when it next appeared. A few weeks later, Diaz awoke at 5 a.m. and grabbed his camera. He walked out and waited.
Apparently, within minutes, the craft appeared and hovered over the house, where Diaz filmed it. When Maussan saw the remarkable footage, he asked Diaz if he could get even closer to the craft while filming. Two months later, Diaz was once again able to film the craft, which this time hovered directly above him, without moving.
However it is Diaz’s third attempt to capture the craft on video that is the most spectacular. In this footage, Diaz having mounted his camera on a tripod, walks to the bottom of a field waving a flash light.
Responding to this, the craft suddenly materializes directly above Diaz’s head and sends beams of light down towards him. Then, the unidentified object remains motionless for 30 seconds, before blinking out. It is universally recognized that this video contains some of the best UFO footage ever taken.
UFO That Crashed In Roswell May Have Already Been Seen In Canada
UFO That Crashed In Roswell May Have Already Been Seen In Canada
It was already a humid summer, and on July 8, 1947, things had only managed to get hotter in the American Southwest.
Walter Haut, an Army Air Field public relations officer stationed near Roswell, New Mexico, had released a rather odd statement to the press, even for the summer of 1947: in short, Haut claimed that the field’s 509th Operations Group had managed to capture one of the curious “flying disks” that had been making news headlines throughout the Western world.
The object, according to Haut’s statement, had crashed landed at a ranch near the town of Roswell, owned by a local foreman named Mac Brazel.
At very least, this had been the initial story, for later that same day Roger Ramey, Commanding General of the Eighth Air Force, had changed the official story, and now insisted that the object retrieved by the 509th had merely been a “weather balloon.”
The claim would exist in infamy within UFO circles, and for years afterward, serious ufologists and conspiracy theorists would continue to ask whether the story of meteorological balloons recovered at Brazel’s ranch withstood the evidence provided by other witnesses to the bizarre events at Roswell, New Mexico, which seemed to indicate an encounter with something not of this world.
And all the while, though the Roswell incident would represent, along with pilot Kenneth Arnold’s encounter with strange flying objects over Mount Rainier one month earlier, a new era of clandestine avionics known as Ufology, there were similar reports emanating from Canada around the same time that, while less popular, would nonetheless manage to still raise a few eyebrows even today.
On July 3, 1947, just days before the report of the alleged object that crashed in New Mexico, the following report of an “unidentified flying object” was brought to the attention of the commanding officer of a local RCAF base, as compiled by Air Commodore W.W. Brown (whose signature appears near the bottom of the original memo).
The information was supplied by the Summerside Detachment of the RCMP, and confirmed by the Summerside reporter for the area Charlottetown Guardian. The memo reads as follows:
“Brenton Clark, a farmer in the vicinity of Augustive Cove, saw an object at approximately 10,000 ft east of his position moving southward at high speed. The time was approximately 17:45 hrs AST 3 Jul 47. It maintained level flight for some distance and then apparently dived earthward leaving a trail (apparently a vapor trail) behind it. After the object had disappeared the trail remained for some time. The object was round shaped and at the estimated distance appeared to be the “size of an apple”. It appeared to resemble a shooting star and there was a considerable reflection of light.”
The above report was confirmed by a local reporter who advised that he was informed by James Harris, a farmer in the vicinity of Summerside PEI, that he (Harris) and his hired man, Herman Linkletter, had seen an object in the same general position at the same time.
It was moving southwestward and there was such a brilliant reflection from it that its shape was indiscernible. It was visible for approximately ten seconds.
The object, while reminiscent of a falling star, is described here as being circular in shape, according to one witness account. All those who witnessed the craft said it left a vapor trail, and that the object was visible for only a few seconds, with the vapor trail remaining apparent behind it in the air for much longer.
All parties stated that the object seemed to reflect daylight as it traveled. But perhaps most compelling of all had been the fact that the object–whatever it had been–seemed to move parallel to the ground for a time, and then shoot off in the direction of the ground after that.
While we can’t assume that the craft had crashed like it’s anomalous vehicular cousin allegedly did at Roswell a few days later, it certainly makes the multiple witness report detailed above a bit more compelling (and in fact, there were other official Canadian UFO reports around the same time, such as this one, though it seems likely in the latter instance that the craft had likely been a meteor).
So what was the mystery object seen over Canada only days before the alleged crash of an object, reported by Air Force officials at Roswell, New Mexico as a “flying disc” just a few days later?
What Happened To Ancient Civilization That Lived On Venus Billion Years Ago
What Happened To Ancient Civilization That Lived On Venus Billion Years Ago
We all know that Earth is the only planet in our solar system where intelligent life exists. But some people seriously believe that life can be extraterrestrial. Most often, not only science fiction writers but also scientists make an assumption that life is likely to be on Mars.
Recently, scientists have put forward theories that billions of years ago, Venus was also populated not just by some organisms, but by an intelligent civilization that was smarter than human.
Back in 1996, amazing images were taken to the NASA center by the Venus Radar Mapper. This small spaceship was sent to Venus precisely for one purpose: to explore this planet and learn more about it.
This probe took a huge number of images of the Venus’ surface, and till today, these photos have made scientists scratch their heads. There were photos that depicted a winding canal with a length of more than 600 kilometers that resembled the fragments of ancient rivers that evaporated, like the atmosphere of Venus itself.
Nevertheless, a study of the soil of this planets showed that these channels were created much later than the rest of the relief of the planet
Some researchers generally put forward fantastic theories and say that these channels are nothing more than roads that were created not by nature, but by some kind of civilization.
Some experts believe that intelligent life and even a whole race could once exist on Venus. Researchers have long proved that once Venus was very similar to our planet.
Ancient Civilization on Venus
Even later, scientists again took pictures that depicted the silhouettes of the most real pyramids and a structure resembling the Sphinx, as in the Egyptian Giza.
Scientists saw the same pyramids on the surface of Mars and the Moon. So, is it possible to compare all these structures and say that on these planets, there once existed an intelligent race? Perhaps even the same one that once built the pyramids on Earth and then flew to other planets.
The past of the most beautiful planet in the solar system.
Already in our time, in 2003, another probe sent to Venus confirmed during the study of reliefs and soil that earlier, this planet had been covered by a huge ocean, and in an atmosphere that almost evaporated, traces of helium and nitrogen, as well as other elements were found that previously had been met only on Earth.
Even more, the atmosphere of Venus contains a lot of carbon dioxide which probably came as the result of the activity of not only the human body but also almost all living things on Earth.
Ancient Civilization on Venus
Therefore, it can be argued that, in the presence of water and other constituent components, highly developed creatures had previously lived on Venus. Maybe they were like us, or maybe they were much smarter if they built pyramids on different planets.
Until the end, it is not known exactly who lived on this planet, but scientists can say for sure that its past is very similar to the present Earth.
Today, believing in aliens is more a topic for memes than a real expectation to make contact with them. But throughout history, mankind has repeatedly turned to the idea of the existence of extraterrestrial civilizations, then romanticizing them, then using them as a horror story.
According to a recent survey, 20% of Americans believe that extraterrestrial species have already visited Earth, and 68% believe that extraterrestrial intelligence exists.
There is no single answer from science. Scientists will tell you that the probability of the origin of life in the vast expanses of space is huge, but there is no evidence.
Talking about aliens, a simple question arises: do you believe in them or not? But what do we actually believe or not when it comes to aliens? And why do these issues generally concern humanity so much?
The First Aliens
First aliens were Selenites Image credit: DeviantArt
The first aliens in history were the Selenites. Legendary Orpheus wrote about the “vast land” Selena (Moon), on which “there are many buildings, mountains, and cities.” Ancient Greek philosophers Thales, Heraclitus of Ephesus, Xenophon believed that this celestial body is inhabited by the nation, and it lives just like the earthly one. And another Heraclitus, from Pontus, was possibly even able to communicate with a resident of the moon that came to our planet.
Having learned, among other things, from the works of ancient Greek predecessors, the astronomers of New time found evidence of the correctness of their ancient mentors. Great Johannes Kepler, for example, wrote about the selenites in 1610: “… they dig huge areas, surrounding them with the ground, maybe to get the depths of moisture …” Today, any student will understand that this all is about a meteorite impact crater.
The possibility of life on other planets was also reflected in the science of the Renaissance period. For example, in the 15th century, Nicholas of Cusa suggested that the Universe is infinite, and we are not in its center. Accordingly, life must exist not only on Earth. So, the aliens appeared next to us in Antiquity and almost did not change until the 19th century. They lived on the moon, built cities, and even from time to time visited Earth to chat with the ancient Greek philosophers. And then, by the way, they did not have any super technologies, blasters and other special effects.
Alien life on was found a long time ago
Progress accelerated, and by the second half of the 19th century, it became obvious to astronomers that the Moon was a lifeless piece of stone. The aliens were evicted from there, but the former selenites moved to Mars.
Map of Mars’ south pole by Herschel Image credit: The Planetary Society
William Herschel spoke of the possibility of life on the Red Planet in the 17th century. He was the first to prove that the polar caps of Mars are decreasing and increasing depending on the season, and suggested that there is water, and therefore life.
So, the alien mind has found a new residence in the vicinity of the Earth. In 1877, Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli saw channels on the surface of Mars that he called “canali.” The image was blurry, but the scientist claimed to had seen straight lines there. He himself did not interpret his observations in any way, but many of Schiaparelli’s colleagues decided that these depressions were clearly originated artificially.
The saga with Martian channels lasted until the 70s of the 20th century. There were disputes in the professional community, some works were written both in defense of the hypothesis of artificial structures on Mars and against it. However, the analysis of images of the surface of the Red Planet taken by the Mariner 4 in 1965 showed that the very “straight lines” observed by astronomers of the past were just an optical illusion. In addition, there was no atmosphere or magnetic field on Mars. It became obvious that if our cosmic neighbor was once suitable for life, then these times passed millions of years ago.
However, even earlier, in the 1920s, astronomer Edwin Hubble proved the existence of other galaxies and made the Universe truly endless. Life does not have to huddle at the objects closest to the Earth – it can exist billions of light-years from us. This means that the habitat of extraterrestrial civilizations has expanded indefinitely.
Science and fiction
While scientists were arguing about life in the solar system, sci-fiction writers decided not to wait for the end of the battle and brought down an alien invasion on the heads of unsuspecting earthlings.
Image credit: Wiki Fandom
Herbert Wells’ The War of the Worlds (1897) was the first classic novel about the invasion of space aliens on Earth. Evil invaders from the vastness of the universe were, according to the writer, precisely the Martians. We can say that this book marked the beginning of the “era of invasions” on Earth.
For the first time, guests from outer space appeared in it as creatures completely alien to man. The novel not only gave rise to a lot of imitations, but also became a real bible for several generations of writers, and also inspired many prominent researchers.
In general, scientists and science fiction writers worked side by side and often combined these professions altogether. Wells himself was a biologist by education and, in addition to literature, seriously worked on the main specialty. Isaac Asimov studied chemistry, and Arthur Clarke graduated from King’s College London with degrees in physics and mathematics.
Why do we need aliens?
Why are aliens from distant worlds so firmly settled in our minds? What do we want from them? Why are we looking forward to this meeting and afraid of it?
This whole game to search for life on other planets has changed the meaning of god for the modern man. Now, they have replaced gods with aliens.
The Renaissance, the industrial and scientific revolutions of the eighteenth and twentieth centuries changed beyond recognition the archaic picture of the world with a paradise in heaven and hell underground. The man looked through a telescope and found neither God nor angels. Then he flew under the clouds, entered orbit, landed on the moon. Now, through the lenses of microscopes, we found bacterias and viruses cause diseases, not a punishment given by gods.
Hurricanes, floods, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes – the favorite methods of influencing a person that the gods resorted to – are also quite explainable today. Scientific progress has triumphed on all fronts.
Aliens possess all the traits that we previously endowed with the gods. They are smarter than us, their civilizations are millions of years old, and the most brilliant inhabitants of the Earth often cannot comprehend the motives of guests from outer space. Sometimes, representatives of a higher race do not even pay attention to us.
Where are aliens?
No matter what science fiction authors invent or whatever people believe, the UFO problem in different years has been of interest to the military. Programs for the study of the unidentified flying objects existed in the UK, France, the USA, and the USSR.
From 1977 to 1990, the program of the Academy of Sciences for the study of UFOs and other “abnormal phenomena” worked in the Soviet Union. For 13 years, the commission has collected and analyzed hundreds of eyewitness accounts.
UFOs began to appear at the end of the 19th century and still remain a favorite topic of the yellow press and various interesting personalities. However, it is easy to trace a simple pattern. Interest in alien ships arises simultaneously with the beginning of the active development of aeronautics.
Then eyewitnesses described the alien transport as airships or “balloons in the sky.” By the end of the 1940s, UFOs began to appear in the form of “luminous lights” and “cigar-shaped objects” moving with great speed. It’s easy to guess jet planes and missiles in them. And if you recall that all this happened against the backdrop of a frenzy of fiction in those years, then the picture is quite clear.
Flying saucers are the most popular type of UFO among people. They tried to build disk-shaped aeronautics since the 1910s. Work on the creation of such machines was carried out by German and American designers in the 1930–50s. Nothing practical came of it, but photos of the prototypes became for many a proof that the USA military had contacts with extraterrestrial civilizations or tried to reproduce their technologies.
The peak of interest in aliens and UFOs occurred in the 60s, which is not surprising, given the rivalry in space and the arms race between the USSR and the USA – a lot of dangerous and mysterious things really flew across the sky. True, exclusively of terrestrial origin.
After the relative lull of the 1970–80s, in the 90s, there was a new surge of interest in the topic of aliens and UFOs. This was due to several circumstances.
In 1993, the most popular series The X-Files was launched. It involved millions of people in the “hunt for green men.” In 1995, the famous mystery film “Alien Autopsy” released, which for many years remained the Holy Grail for adherents of contact theory. Only in 2006, the creators of the fake confessed everything. However, as often happens, they did not dissuade many “believers.”
The increased interest in the other world in the 90s is easy to find more prosaic explanations. First, the Cold War ended, and the world was in a state of blissful relaxation. What else to do when the threat of a nuclear apocalypse has passed? Come up with a new one, of course! Just not so real.
Secondly, the massive spread of cheap photo and video equipment has spawned a shaft of new “UFO sightings”. Having watched all the same “X-Files” and films like “Independence Day,” people began to send their murky pictures to television with muddy photographs and trembling videos of Venus, Mars, jet planes and glare on glass.
But do not think that the search for extraterrestrial intelligence left at the mercy of ufologists and other exalted enthusiasts. The equation, drawn up in 1960 by astronomer Frank Drake, prompted serious scientists to search for alien civilizations. The SETI program has been running for almost 60 years, and although from time to time researchers catch some abnormal signals from space, they all end up being of natural origin.
With his equation, Drake tried to answer the Fermi paradox. The situation is really amazing: on the one hand, in our galaxy should be millions of worlds inhabited by intelligent creatures. And on the other hand, scientists have not even found a hint of at least some traces of their activities.
Today, one of the promising methods for detecting possible life in the Universe is the search for terrestrial exoplanets. These are celestial bodies that have a certain mass, density, and chemical composition and are located in the habitable zone of stars. In general, scientists are looking for planets that are similar in parameters to Earth, Mars, Venus, and Mercury.
Are we alone in the universe? Mankind may never find the answer to this question or will know it tomorrow. But we have so long and diligently invented aliens, endowed them with so many human and superhuman qualities that meeting with a real “alien mind” will undoubtedly be the most exciting adventure in history.
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Thousands Of People Saw UFO Crash In Brazil But Military Shut Their Mouths And Seized Their Phones
Thousands Of People Saw UFO Crash In Brazil But Military Shut Their Mouths And Seized Their Phones
In Brazil, thousands of people accidentally noticed the UFO that crashed into a lake near Rio de Janeiro. This unusual incident occurred in the small village of Pau Grande on May 13, 2020.
According to the witnesses from the small village of Pau Grande, the military urgently arrived at the crash site, cordoned off the lake, and began to seize smartphones and other devices of local residents, which were stored on the footage “with UFOs.”
Local residents saw flying luminous objects that were in the field of view of eyewitnesses for some time, and then one of them suddenly disappeared.
Urgently, the military arrived at the scene and began to close the square, restricting access to the reservoir. They also took smartphones and other devices from people, on which they were able to take shots of the UFOs.
Interestingly, at the moment, the military did not disclose any details. They are doing everything possible so that eyewitnesses do not inform the public of the details of the event. The whole internet connection was shut down in the area where the UFOs were seen, and even mobile connection stopped working.
British Woman Terrified After Seeing UFO With Two Nordic-Like Figures, Hovering Over Her Home In 1954
British Woman Terrified After Seeing UFO With Two Nordic-Like Figures, Hovering Over Her Home In 1954
In 1954, a British woman named Jessie Roestenberg claimed to had seen a disc-shaped flying saucer of aluminum color, hovering over her cottage near Staffordshire. She also saw two Nordic figures that were sitting in the craft.
Jessie Roestenberg with a graphic sketch of two Nordic figures which she had seen inside the UFO hovered her cottage in 1954
Jessie Roestenberg, a wife of a young Dutchman named Tony lived with their two sons and a daughter in a small cottage at Vicarage Farm, Ranton, near Staffordshire, UK. It was a very remote area, and they had no electricity and indoor plumbing.
On October 21, 1954, at around 4:45 pm, she was inside her house with her 2-year old daughter Karin. Her two sons, Anthony (8) and Ronald (6) were playing outside in the garden. Suddenly, she heard a loud sound like an aircraft crash. As she stepped out, her sons were terrified and shouting: “Mommy, Mommy, there’s a flying saucer.” She saw a round UFO that was hovering above them.
The woman stated that the front part of the object was transparent, and she could see two human-like figures inside it. She described them as Nordics with long hair and long faces. Jessie saw them wearing a tight-fitting blue suits, and their heads were in transparent helmets.
Newspaper clippings showing the UFO sketch drawn by Mrs. Roestenburg
According to Express and Star, she told reporters that the UFO circled the house two times before it flew away at a high speed. She noted that the two creatures had pitiful faces.
“The boys were so terrified that they would not go out again last night,” she said. “The dog was nowhere to be seen. I think it must have bolted.”
“When I visited the Roestenberg’s house almost three weeks after the sighting…Jessie Roestenberg appeared. She seemed highly strained and nervous and her husband, coming in later, was also very strained. It was evident that something most unusual had occurred.”
Originally, Gibbons was a linguist and scholar. He called the flying saucers extraterrestrial space ships. He used the Sanskrit term “Vimanas” for the disc-shaped scout craft and “Vunu” for cigar-shaped UFOs.
In Gibbons’ opinion, Jessie encountered the UFO with aliens just like George Adamski had described. But the series of UFO encounters did not stop there.
A photograph of the Roestenberg family
Interestingly, Tony Roestenberg saw something unusual on the following Sunday (24 Oct), when he climbed the roof of his house. He saw a high-speed cigar-shaped UFO suddenly disappeared into the clouds. Another incident happened on December 15, 1954. Tony saw a bright ball, flying very silently in the sky. First, he measured the length of the UFO with his arm which was around two to three inches. But when he went to the other side of his house, its length was about 18 inches. The fireball was moving very slow at a low altitude. After some time, he heard the sound of an airplane, coming from the east. As the plane approached closer, the fireball flew away at an incredibly high speed, disappearing in no time.
Gibbons visited the Roestenbergs at their new home in Stafford many times in 1955, and he was assured that there was no motive for a hoax. They looked happy in the new house, and when Gibbons asked why they had left the old house, Tony replied that since the first UFO incident had happened, the house became haunted for them.
Here is the short clip of Jessie Roestenberg (aged 90) shot by John Hanson in 2015.
This past autumn, a professor at Wuhan University named Jau Tang was hard at work piecing together a thruster prototype that, at first, sounds too good to be true.
The basic idea, he said in an interview, is that his device turns electricity directly into thrust — no fossil fuels required — by using microwaves to energize compressed air into a plasma state and shooting it out like a jet. Tang suggested, without a hint of self-aggrandizement, that it could likely be scaled up enough to fly large commercial passenger planes. Eventually, he says, it might even power spaceships.
Needless to say, these are grandiose claims. A thruster that doesn’t require tanks of fuel sounds suspiciously like science fiction — like the jets on Iron Man’s suit in the Marvel movies, for instance, or the thrusters that allow Doc Brown’s DeLorean to fly in “Back to the Future.”
But in Tang’s telling, his invention — let’s just call it a Tang Jet, which he worked on with Wuhan University collaborators Dan Ye and Jun Li — could have civilization-shifting potential here in the non-fictional world.
“Essentially, the goal of this technology is to try and use electricity and air to replace gasoline,” he said. “Global warming is a major threat to human civilization. Fossil fuel-free technology using microwave air plasma could be a solution.”
He anticipates this happening fast. In two years, he says, he thinks Tang Jets could power drones. In a decade, he’d like to see them fly a whole airplane.
That would all be awesome, obviously. But it’s difficult to evaluate whether Tang’s invention could ever scale up enough to become practical. And even if it did, there would be substantial energy requirements that could doom aerospace applications.
One thing’s for sure: If the tech works the way he hopes, the world will never be the same.
Tang’s curriculum vitae flits between a dazzling array of strikingly disparate academic topics, from 4D electron microscopy to quantum dot lasers, nanotechnology, artificial photosynthesis, and, of course, phase transitions and plasmonics.
He’s held several professorships, done research at Caltech and Bell Laboratories, published scores of widely-cited papers, edited several scientific journals, and won a variety of awards. He holds a U.S. patent for a device he calls a “synchrotron shutter,” designed to capture electrons traveling near the speed of light.
Tang says he first stumbled onto the idea for the plasma thruster when he was trying to create synthetic diamonds. As he tried to grow them using microwaves, he recalls, he started to wonder whether the same technology could be used to produce thrust.
Other huge stories, like the coronavirus pandemic and the baffling saga of Elon Musk naming his baby “X Æ A-12,” were sucking a lot of oxygen out of the news cycle in early May, when Tang announced his invention to the world. A few outlets picked up Tang’s story, including New Atlas,Popular Mechanics, and Ars Technica, but no journalist appears to have actually talked to him.
Because of that, there was little fanfare surrounding the sheer scope of his ambition for the technology — and it went overlooked that Tang sometimes sounds as though he’s invented a hammer and is now seeing a lot of things as nails.
After describing his plans to conquer aerospace with his new thruster, for instance, he starts to describe plans to take on the automotive industry as well — with jet-powered electric cars.
“I think the jet engine is more efficient than the electric motor, you can drive a car at much faster speeds,” he mused. “That’s what I have in mind: to combine the plasma jet engine with a turbine to drive a car.”
But you wouldn’t want to drive behind it, he warned, because you could be scorched by its fiery jet stream.
Over the course of our interview, Tang also brought up the possibilities of using the technology to build projectile weapons, launch spaceships, power boats, and even create a new type of stove for cooking. On that last point, Tang said that he’s already built a prototype kitchen stove powered by a microwave air plasma torch — but it’s so deafeningly loud that it sounds like a constant lightning strike.
Technically, the Tang Jet is an attempt to build a “plasma thruster,” a concept that’s periodically gained attention in scientific circles. Michael Heil, a retired aerospace and propulsion engineer with a long career of Air Force and NASA research, told Futurism that Tang’s research reminds him of several other attempts to build air propulsion tech that he’s encountered over the years.
Plasma thrusters like those that would power a Tang Jet have been around for a while. NASA first launched a satellite equipped with plasma thrusters back in 2006, but its capabilities are a far cry from what Tang is proposing with his research.
Engineers have long dreamed of a plasma jet-powered plane, but every attempt has been smacked down by the technological limitations of the day. For example, New Scientist reported in 2017 that a team from Electrofluidsystems in Berlin attempted to build a similar thruster — but like every attempt over the previous decade, their work never became useful outside of the lab.
The problems with these attempts aren’t so much faults with the theory — the concept of generating thrust with a plasma torch is fairly sound. Rather, issues begin to pop up when working out the logistics of building a vehicle that actually works.
Tang has little interest in commercializing the jet himself. Instead, he wants to demonstrate its merits in hopes that well-funded government leaders or titans of industry will be inspired to take the ideas and run with them.
“The steps toward realization of a full plasma jet engine would cost lots of money, time and energy,” he said. “Such investment is beyond our present resources. Such tasks should be taken by aerospace industries or governmental agencies.”
That’s a common mindset for scientists, said Christopher Combs, an aerodynamics researcher at the University of Texas at San Antonio.
“That’s what us academics do, we figure out the physics and say ‘Well I don’t want to make a product,'” he told Futurism. “It’s kind of a common refrain to see people in academia who have had something that gets a lot of attention.”
Though he’s intrigued by the underlying principles of the Tang Jet, Combs says it’s unlikely that it will scale up to the size needed to lift a plane — in other words, the same challenges that proved insurmountable to previous plasma thrusters will rear their heads once again. The current prototype, for perspective, only produces about 10 Newtons of thrust — about the same as a medium-sized model rocket.
“You’re talking about scaling something by five orders of magnitude — more than 100,000 times!” Combs said. “Which almost never works linearly. Lots of engineering happens in the middle.”
And even if it were to scale perfectly, there’s the issue of power. Iron Man’s suit was powered by an “Arc Reactor,” and the flying DeLorean was powered by a “Mr. Fusion” unit that turned household trash into more than a gigawatt of power — both of which, unfortunately, are fictional.
Fossil fuels store vastly more energy by weight than batteries, and that’s unlikely to change any time soon. And that’s too bad, because the Tang Jet needs a whole lot of power.
According to a paper Tang and his collaborators published about the thruster prototype in the journal AIP Advances in May, the technology produces about 28 Newtons of thrust per kilowatt of power. The engines on the Airbus A320, a common commercial jet, produce about 220,000 Newtons of thrust combined, meaning that a comparably-sized jet plane powered by Tang Jets would require more than 7,800 kilowatts.
For perspective, that would mean loading an aircraft up with more than 570 Tesla Powerwall 2 units for a single hour of flight — an impractical load, especially because the A320’s payload could only carry about 130 of the giant battery units. Long story short, no existing battery tech could provide enough juice.
“Does this thing just become a flying Tesla battery?” Combs said. “With the weight of these batteries, you don’t have room for anything else.”
The battery weight issue doesn’t doom the Tang Jet, but it pushes options for its power source into the fringe. Tang is banking on improvements to battery technology over the next years and decades; those Electrofluidsystem researchers speculated about nuclear fusion. Unfortunately, any possible answers could be decades away or impossible.
It is worth noting that there exist compact nuclear fission reactors, like Russia’s KLT-40S, that produce enough power and weigh little enough that they could fit in a passenger plane or rocket.
But the safety and environmental implications of nuclear-powered aircraft are grim, and Heil was quick to point out that generating enough power isn’t the only problem facing a Tang Jet. Actually getting the electricity from the power source to the thrusters would pose its own difficulties, perhaps requiring superconducting materials that don’t exist yet.
“You need power to generate thrust. And how do you move that power around on the aircraft?” Heil said. “Moving and controlling megawatts from the reactor to the jet is a huge challenge. You have to use big thick copper wires, that adds a lot of weight.”
Overall, both Combs and Heil questioned the feasibility of a practical Tang Jet based on the technology we have today. Without a quick fix to the energy problem, it’s certainly a tall order.
But both said they were fascinated by the research and hoped to see future progress. They also pointed out that a plasma thruster could be useful for pushing satellites or spacecraft that are already in orbit — though at that point it would need to bring propellant with it rather than using atmospheric air, since there’d be none in the vacuum of space.
The bottom line, Heil and Combs agreed, is that we won’t have a firmer grasp of the future of the tech until Tang’s colleagues have evaluated and experimented with it.
“I’m rooting for this, and I’d love to see it pan out,” Combs said. “But the scientist in me has some questions and some concerns.”
Editor’s note 7/8/2020: This article originally misattributed credit for a past attempt to develop plasma thrusters. It has been corrected with proper credit
Océane only knew UFOs from movies and certainly didn’t believe in them. That changed on November 18, 2015, however, when she filmed strange lights over Lausanne, Switzerland from her balcony.
When she entered her kitchen that morning in the pre-dawn hours to make herself a cup of coffee, she realized she couldn’t see the neighbor’s house through the balcony door. “I was perplexed,” she says. “So I went out to see.” Beyond her balcony was a “pink cloud.”
“I could see the church, but not the house directly in front of me. The cloud rose and shifted toward the church steeple. Then I saw these white balls of light. They were spinning like a carousel in the cloud,” she recounts in her apartment in a suburb of Lausanne, a historic city on the shores of Lake Geneva. Océane is a pseudonym; the woman, who is between 50 and60 years oldand whose identity is known to this reporter, wishes to remain anonymous for fear of being ridiculed in her community as a “UFO lunatic.”
Nevertheless, she can back up her statements: She took several photos, as well as a video, showing the pinkish mist and the lights. The flying balls circle in the sky, rise in the air, and contract again. The strange spectacle lasts for several minutes.
“Then there were the small lights,” adds Océane. In the video, you can see bright dots swirling around the frame. “They made a soft sound when they hit the shutters, like the flapping of a bird’s wings. As they did so, they left behind a whitish liquid that looked a little like milk.”
A photo taken by the witness of the residue left on her shutter by an alleged unidentified aerial phenomenon.
Océane is left perplexed. And the sighting has not only disturbed her psychologically—she reports physical complaints as well, such as nosebleeds and bloodshot eyes. She goes to the doctor and has eye drops prescribed. “I was scared because I thought: If this leaves traces, will I get a disease?”
She browses the Internet for answers. Her roundabout journey brings her to Bruno Mancusi, a longtime UFO researcher from their region, Vaud. “It’s certainly the most interesting UFO sighting in Switzerland in recent decades,” Mancusi says. The researcher interviews Océane, and together they decide to call in the scientific community.
Rebuffed by the public sector
But science generally has a hard time with UFOs. Most scientists hold that there is nothing more than psychology behind them, that sightings are hallucinations, the result of confusion, or simply tall tales. This rejection of the phenomenon is greatest among the natural scientists, which is not surprising since verifiable physical traces that would prove the existence of flying objects from strange worlds do not yet exist.
For the discipline of science, UFOs are just not tangible enough. “Anyone who takes a closer look quickly realizes that the phenomenon is very complex,” says Bruno Mancusi. “There is probably not a single explanation for all the observations.” Incidentally, the UFO researcher does not believe that the eerie flying objects have an extraterrestrial origin. “There are too many sightings for that. It would mean that our planet is one galactic tourist attraction!”
Océane gets small containers and cotton swabs and takes samples of the residue the little balls of light left on the shutters and on a display case in the living room. Mancusi, who works professionally as a laboratory technician, emails the University of Lausanne, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), and the environmental office of the western canton of Vaud.
But the parties he consulted declined to take a closer look at the traces. “They said this was the job of private laboratories. I understand their reaction, but I don’t like it. After all, this is something potentially novel that could be exciting for science,” he says.
Another section of video filmed by the witness in 2015.
Visit from a UFO pioneer
The search for interested scientists then expands outside of Switzerland. Mancusi learns of a study in the United States for which a certain Jacques Vallée is seeking samples. Vallée is a French-born astronomer and pioneer of UFO research who has lived in the U.S. for many years. “I contacted him because I had learned that he was looking for trace material from UFOs for laboratory studies,” Mancusi says. “He showed interest. So in March 2018, I went to Paris to give him the containers with the residue.”
Vallée took the samples back to California. “Some time later, he told me that he would like to meet Océane to learn more about the circumstances,” Mancusi reports. “So he came to Lausanne in September 2018.”
“Jacques came on a Saturday and went back to Paris the following Sunday,” Océane says, showing photos of the meeting. “He was sitting here on the couch, looking at the video and the photos. I told him everything in detail; he took a lot of notes. It was nice to see someone so familiar with this phenomenon take it seriously.”
Vallée has been investigating UFOs since the 1950s and has written several well-known books on the subject. Now 82, his attitude has long set him apart from many of his UFO colleagues: He preaches openness to the data acquired and skepticism in interpreting the phenomenon.
The Debrief reached out to Dr. Vallée for comment on our publication of this article. He said of this case, “In my opinion, there is no doubt the reports are sincere, and at this point I do not have a natural explanation for what took place.” However, he did note that “the case in Lausanne needs another site visit: just analyzing the residue may not tell us whether or not the phenomenon was man-made.”
The world of isotopes
According to Vallée, flying objects do leave physical traces every now and then. He distinguishes between structural parts, which come from alleged crash sites; material ejections and residues, as in Océane’s case; and particles and “implants,” which witnesses find on or in their bodies after sightings.
The ufologist wants clarity. As a tech investor who has funded a number of startups, he has access to the best labs in Silicon Valley. In his studies, he looks at isotopes, variants of a chemical element whose nuclei contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Some isotopes occur naturally on Earth, while others exist only in space or can be produced exclusively in laboratories. By studying UFO debris using mass spectrometers, Vallée hopes to identify isotopes or even elements that are new to EarthThe Nolan Laboratory at Stanford University—named for Garry Nolan, a world leader in genetics, immunology and bioinformatics—is involved in Vallée’s research. While Nolan’s work is primarily in established research fields, he has also been involved in frontier science for decades. He is particularly interested in medical findings related to UFO sightings.
Both Nolan and Vallée, when asked, are cagey about news on the work. Nolan declined by email to be interviewed, saying the Covid-19 pandemic had “shifted his priorities.” In addition, he said, his experience has taught him that, “with UFO issues, you should not go public until the work is completed and clear facts are available.”
Vallée confirms, also by email, that the Lausanne samples are part of the study, but currently there are technological hurdles standing the way of getting consistent and meaningful results.
When contacted by The Debrief about the issue, Vallée explained, “My reason for not jumping into the current debates about retrieved materials from UFO events is simply that premature publicity about specific cases precludes serious attention from scientists and eventual publication in reviewed journals.”
The Debrief followed up with questions concerning the samples themselves. Vallée explained that the materials collected were “hard solids” and “stone-like.” He and his team recently filed a series of files and support materials to a scientific publication.
“We don’t know how many scientists will be asked to give a review and comments. The publisher may then decide not to go forward, or to request a round of updates,” Vallée told The Debrief, though he would not state the name of the publication. “So it could take 3 to 6 months, which is about the norm in science.”
Just a mirage?
The scientific proof is still outstanding, as is so often the case with the UFO phenomenon and related topics. The video that Océane recorded on that November morning, however, must be contended with. Even if it is not scientific proof, the four-minute recording is at least an indication that there was something there. But what?
We asked several meteorologists and atmospheric scientists that question, including from EPFL. All were willing to look at the video. The suggestions were varied and ranged from ball lightning to mere reflections of lights to an optical illusion.
Physicist and atmospheric scientist Markus Furger was especially curious. “The video is very interesting,” Furger wrote in an email after watching the recording several times. “I think the observer has captured something extraordinary.” But what is it? “Could it be that a temperature inversion caused light rays to be deflected?”
In the literature, this very rare weather event is called a “superior mirage,” he explains. Referring to the nearby highway, he writes that the way “the dots move suggests lights from moving cars.” A reflection in the sky, then, caused by unusual weather and car headlights?
The problem with this explanation is that, according to MeteoSwiss, the national weather service, there was no inversion in the region that morning. There are also no data to support a very local inversion near Lausanne.
Several of the interviewed researchers made clear that their quotes should not be interpreted as official statements of their universities. The explanation: “We do not do research in this area.”
By the way, no other witnesses to Océane’s early morning sighting could be found. A very well-connected member of the community expressed surprise when hearing about the sighting and knew nothing about it, nor could he explain it. The case was not a topic in the local press, nor in social media. For UFO researcher Mancusi, this is not unusual: “It’s not uncommon for UFO sightings to have only one or two witnesses.”
What did Océane observe on November 18, 2015? Even today, she is convinced that it was something out of the ordinary. “I don’t think it was a weather phenomenon. After all, that doesn’t leave any traces,” she says. “I want to find out what I saw and experienced. I’ve been carrying around this big question mark since 2015.”
She hopes the investigation in California will provide answers. And that people who have observed UFOs will no longer be looked at askance. “I think the only way to do that is with scientific evidence. That’s the only way witnesses will have something in their hands and dare to report what they’ve experienced and stand up with their names.”
A version of this article was originally published in Switzerland’s Aargauer Zeitung before being submitted in English to The Debrief. It has been edited for clarity and style, and additional comment from Dr. Jacques Vallée were added.
1,500-Year-Old Mummy Wearing Adidas Sneakers Believed To Be Time Traveler?
1,500-Year-Old Mummy Wearing Adidas Sneakers Believed To Be Time Traveler?
A recently unearthed mummy equipped with a well-preserved pair of ‘Adidas sneaker’ has intrigued archaeologists and conspiracy theorists alike. While some consider it to be only a lucky find, others have brought conclusive arguments as to why this could be the remnants of an actual time traveler.
Time travel has always been a fascinating topic, especially in present days when this concept doesn’t look so futuristic after all. With our current development in technology, we can dream of cruising through time in a couple hundred years. Until that day arrives, we’ll need to focus our attention on a very bizarre archaeological find from the Altai Mountains in Siberia, where an unusual mummy had recently been discovered.
So, what’s the connection between those mummified remains and time travel? Well, there’s a certain item on the deceased body that’s strongly resembling a pair of – you guessed it – Adidas sneakers. If the pair of shoes prove to be authentic, then the world will know that time travel is a real phenomenon. However, I’m inclined to think that people at that time were only skilled shoemakers. Or were they really?
The extremely well-preserved remains belong to a Turkik person that lived some 1,500 years ago in central Asia. The body was found alongside the remains of a horse, a pillow, and a sheep’s head. Archaeologists also found a saddle, bridle, clay vase, wooden bowl, trough, iron kettle, and four different ‘Dool’ (Mongolian clothes).
“It is the first complete Turkik burial at least in Mongolia – and probably in all Central Asia. This is a very rare phenomenon. These finds show us the beliefs and rituals of Turkiks,” said B. Sukhbaatar, researcher at Khovd Museum. “We can see clearly that the horse was deliberately sacrificed. It was a mare, between four and eight years old. Four coats we found were made of cotton.”
Researchers haven’t been able to determine the genre of the deceased so far, but they believe the remains belonged to a woman because they found no trace of a weapon inside the tomb, where male warriors were always buried alongside their bow.
The resting place was found at an altitude of 2,803 meters, and the mummy – still wrapped in felt – was resting its bones inside a 3-metre-deep grave. The body preserved extremely well because of the cold temperatures, together with the belongings and horse remains.
“The grave was located 2803 meters above sea level.This fact and the cool temperatures helped to preserve the grave,” said Sukhbaatar. “The grave was three meters deep. The finds show us that these people were very skilled craftsmen. Given that this was the grave of a simple person, we understand that craft skills were rather well developed.”
There are several things that don’t add up here.
First of all, Mongolians are well-known for their herds of horses, which in turn determines the wealth of their people. These noble animals were (and still are) essential to them, meaning that whenever someone died, they would leave behind a substantial herd.
The grave of the Turkik mummy is considered to be rich in possessions, but since only the remains of a horse were found inside, researchers are now insinuating that the mummy didn’t belong to the elitist class of the region. But how is that possible if four different garbs, together with a presumed pair of ‘Adidas sneakers’ and numerous other items including the wool originating from a camel were discovered inside the tomb? Could it be that this woman was of a different culture? A distant traveler with knowledge of time manipulation?
A Romanian archaeologist explains more about the burial ceremony in his book about Turkik nomads. It reveals that Turkik people preferred being buried with far less material possessions, but they sacrificed their horses to accompany them on the other side.
“When a man died, the survivors dug a pit as large as a house, in which they laid the deceased holding in his hand a wooden cup filled with a drink, as well as his belt, bow, and money…Following that, the dead man’s horses were killed, the number of horses sacrificed being an indication of his personal wealth.”
So how does a not-so-wealthy Turk woman end up in a strategically-placed grave atop of the Altai Mountains, together with rich possessions and a pair of sneakers from the future?Is it possible that archaeologists really stumbled across the mummified remains of a time traveler, or is this but a mere coincidence?
Famous German Engineer: “Flying Saucers” Were In The “Planning Stage As Early As 1941”
Famous German Engineer: “Flying Saucers” Were In The “Planning Stage As Early As 1941”
IN BRIEF
The Facts:
I obtained a document from the CIA's electronic reading room that details a story about a famous German Engineer, George Klein, describing his experience with "Flying Saucer" technology in Germany.
Reflect On:
Have we 'captured' or found technology from another planet and reverse engineered it? Does some of this technology originate from humans? Are many UFOs man made as well as 'extraterrestrial?'
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“A German newspaper recently published an interview with George Klein, famous German engineer and aircraft expert, describing the experimental construction of ‘flying saucers’ carried out by him from 1941 to 1945.”
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There is no shortage of strange documents in the CIA’s Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) electronic reading room. Many reveal the agency’s efforts to keep tabs on the technological developments of other countries, especially during and after World War II.
One document brings up a famous German engineer named Georg Klein, who, as the document states, expressed that “though many people believe the ‘flying saucers’ to be a postwar development, they were actually in the planning stage in German aircraft factories as early as 1941.”
The document then goes on to mention an experiment described by Klein:
The “flying saucer” reached an altitude of 12,400 meters within 3 minutes and a speed of 2,200 kilometers per hour. Klein emphasized that in accordance with German plans, the speed of these “saucers” would reach 4,000 kilometers per hour. One difficulty, according to Klein, was the problem of obtaining the materials to be used for the construction of the “saucers,” but even this had been solved by German engineers toward the end of 1945, and construction on the objects was scheduled to begin, Klein added.
According to Klein, by 1944 the Germans had already built three saucers for testing. Were these the “foo” fighters all of these American pilots were reporting? The document describes the three discs:
One type actually had the shape of a disc, with an interior cabin, and was built at the (unidentified) factories, which had also built the V2 rockets. This model was 42 meters in diameter. The other model had the shape of a ring, with raised sides and a spherically shaped pilot’s cabin placed on the outside, in the center of the ring . . . [and] both models had the ability to take off vertically and to land in an extremely restricted area, like helicopters.
The engineers were ordered to destroy these saucers, including all of the plans for them.
“The engineers at the Mite factories in Breslau, however, were not warned in sufficient time of the Soviet approach, and the Soviets, therefore, succeeded in seizing their material. Plans, as well as specialized personnel, were immediately sent directly to the Soviet Union under heavy guard.”
Aviation writer Nick Cook is one of many to have investigated this topic, and in 2002 he came to the conclusion that the Nazis had experimented “with a form of science the rest of the world had never remotely considered” and which continues to be suppressed today. (source)
It makes you wonder what the United States received given that, through Operation Paperclip, a number of top German scientists were transported to the United States.
“[Italian researcher] Renato Vesco argued that Germans had developed antigravity. Disc-shaped and tubular craft were built and tested near the end of the Second World War, which, he argued, was the proper explanation of foo fighters. These concepts, he maintained, were developed by the Americans and Soviets and led directly to flying saucers.”
Dr. David Clarke is an investigative journalist, reader and lecturer at Sheffield Hallam University in England. He was also the curator for The National Archives UFO project from 2008–13, and regularly comments in national and international media on UFOs.
Even though they have been partly censored they can’t conceal the fact the UK military were interested in capturing UFO technology or what they coyly refer to as ‘novel weapon technology’… And the files reveal they were desperate to capture this technology – wherever it came from – before the Russians or the Chinese got hold of it first… Although this was 1997, Russia was still regarded as an undefeated enemy with a weapons programme regarded as a threat to the West.
The topic of UFOs continues to gain popularity, especially given the fact that it continues to be legitimized within the mainstream every single year. The intentions behind that are another subject, but one thing that remains certain, in my opinion, is that “The phenomenon is something real and not visionary or fictitious.”
Humanity has a history of believing one thing, and then having a paradigm-busting moment shattering that belief. Take, for example, prominent physicist Lord Kelvin, who stated in the year 1900 that, “There is nothing new to be discovered in physics now. All that remains is more and more precise measurement.” It wasn’t long after this statement when Einstein published his paper on special relativity. Einstein’s theories challenged the accepted framework of knowledge at the time, and forced the scientific community to open up to an alternative view of reality.
This type of thing will continue to happen throughout human history, and it’s happening more today than ever before in regards to a variety of different topics.
If you cast your mind back to school and can remember when your teacher shone light through a prism to create an artificial rainbow, then you'll probably already know the answer to this question.
"The entire sun and all of its layers are glowing," said Christopher Baird, an assistant professor of physics at West Texas A&M University in Canyon, Texas. "The 'color of the sun' is the spectrum of colors present in sunlight, which arises from a complex interplay of all parts of the sun."
So essentially, if we're trying to figure out what color the sun is, we need to dissect the sun's rays here on Earth and quantify them. There are a few different ways to do this and they aren't especially high-tech — in fact, most kids have probably done some version of this experiment.
"The color content of a beam of light can easily be identified by running the beam through a prism," Baird told Live Science. "These simple, cheap, handheld objects spread out the beam of light into its various pure color components. Each pure color has a distinct wave frequency." That's why scientists tend to use the words "color" and "frequency" interchangeably, because a ray of light's color is defined by its frequency — for visible light, red has the lowest frequency and violet has a highest. The range of colors, or frequencies in a beam of light is called a spectrum.
The electromagnetic spectrum, from highest to lowest frequency waves. (Image credit: Shutterstock)
When we direct solar rays through a prism, we see all the colors of the rainbow come out the other end. That's to say we see all the colors that are visible to the human eye. "Therefore the sun is white," because white is made up of all the colors, Baird said.
The slightly more sophisticated way of doing this is with a camera, which takes a quantitative measurement of the brightness of light hitting different pixels, and therefore gives us a way to plot the brightness of the different frequencies in the solar spectrum. If one particular frequency were consistently brighter than any of the others, we could conclude the sun is a shade of that color, but that's not the case. "When we do this, we find quantitatively that all of the visible colors are present in sunlight in approximately equal amounts," Baird said.
Critically, though, these frequencies aren't present in precisely the same amount, it's just that the variances aren't significant enough to be meaningful. "The color components of sunlight are so close enough to being present in equal amounts that it is much more correct to say that the sun is white than to say it is yellow, orange, or any other single, pure color," Baird said.
The Mars Ice Mapper is a proposed Mars satellite being developed by NASA in collaboration with the Canadian Space Agency. Its job is to create detailed geographic maps of water ice across the surface of the red planet.
Upper layers of frozen carbon dioxide have melted to reveal layers of frozen water ice at the south pole of Mars in this image taken by NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, via NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona.
A new Mars mission is finally underway. On December 20, 2020, the United States government’s two houses of Congress agreed on NASA’s final budget for fiscal year 2021, which includes plans for a Martian ice-mapping satellite currently targeting a 2026 launch. The budget request for the mission, formally called the Mars Ice Mapper, is reported to have surprised planetary scientists when it was submitted by the Trump administration in February 2020. Those initial documents gave only scarce details, making it hard to understand the mission. This is why announcements made at a November 30 virtual Planetary Science Advisory Committee meetingprovided exciting insight on the satellite, and on what the mission aims to accomplish for NASA, commercial space companies, and humanity.
According to TheSpaceReview.com, the mission is a precursor to support later human missions to Mars.
At the November 30 meeting, NASA said the Mars Ice Mapper will serve a host of purposes. In particular, it will use familiar technology to make new discoveries, creating the best geographic maps of water ice, geologic activity, and environmental changes on the surface of the red planet.
Adhering to the 2026 launch timeline is crucial to NASA’s preparation for human exploration of Mars. Eric Ianson, NASA’s planetary deputy director, commented:
Finding accessible ground ice is a critical in situ resource for exploration, and it will really help inform where the best places to land on Mars are. If we’re planning for human exploration in the mid-2030s, we need to start getting information as early as the mid-2020s on where we should be planning these future missions.
Another facet of the Mars Ice Mapper mission is the planned involvement from commercial space companies and international partners. The Canadian Space Agency, for example, will play an instrumental role in the mission planning, quite literally. They will provide the satellite with its vital radar instrument, which will have a complex antenna and software capable of the geometry necessary to perform detailed mapping.
Such an instrument would not be the first radar capability orbiting the red planet: Both the [European Space Agency’s] Mars Express spacecraft and NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter carry shallow radar instruments. And Venus in particular has been the target of synthetic aperture radar instruments before, because its thick atmosphere makes studying the surface from a distance difficult.
Furthermore, Ianson said at the November 30 meeting:
There have been lots of studies that have identified near-surface ice – that is, the top 10 meters (33 feet) – as critical both for science as well as preparing for human exploration. It can tell us a lot about astrobiology, geologic and climate history and modern processes.
Ianson also noted that in addition to the Canadian Space Agency, other international partners in the Mars Ice Mapper project include the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency and the Italian Space Agency. NASA officials also hinted that the mission could prompt commercial satellite deployment, pointing to SpaceX’s controversial Starlink satellites, which are designed to provide global broadband coverage for high-speed internet access for people in rural and remote areas. This wouldn’t be the first time satellites were released in tandem with a launch mission, but the discussion on this topic has so far been vague. Other statements hinted at a constellation of communication satellites in Mars orbit, to provide resourceful relay assets not only for Ice Mapper, but also for other spacecraft currently on Mars.
NASA’s Perseverance rover will land on the surface of Mars in February 2021. Subsequent plans are not completely settled, but include an endeavor to fetch samples collected by Perseverance, using multiple spacecraft, in the coming years. Mars Ice Mapper may fill some of the gaps in NASA’s future agenda, making it a relatively significant and important mission to look forward to. Lori Glaze, a planetary science director at NASA, commented:
NASA is currently working to establish the framework for enabling international, potential commercial partnerships for the implementation of the Mars Ice Mapper as part of the agency’s plan. We have to get those identified in order to understand what the mission architecture actually looks like.
Other documents in the Trump administration’s budget request lay out plans to cut funding for 2001 Mars Odyssey: the longest surviving, continuously active spacecraft in orbit around a planet other than Earth.
Mars Ice Mapper’s mission-planning process is still moving faster than the budgeting process that first brought the Mars Ice Mapper to the scene, despite the uncertainties caused by the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. The proposal for the budget released in February is for the 2021 fiscal year, which began last October 1.
Bottom line: The U.S. government recently finalized NASA’s budget for fiscal year 2021. It includes plans for the Mars Ice Mapper, a proposed Mars satellite being developed by NASA in collaboration with the Canadian Space Agency. Its goal will be to create detailed geographic maps of water ice across the surface of the red planet.
2020’s science superlatives include the oldest, highest and grossest discoveries
2020’s science superlatives include the oldest, highest and grossest discoveries
The earliest known modern bird and other record-breaking animals are among the highlights
Vertebrate paleontologist Daniel Field of the University of Cambridge holds a 3-D printed skull of Asteriornis maastrichtensis, also known as the “Wonderchicken,” which lived nearly 67 million years ago and is the earliest known modern bird.
From the biggest merger of black holes to the world’s oldest string — fashioned by Neandertals, no less — discoveries in 2020 set new records that amazed and inspired.
1. Highest-temperature superconductor
After more than a century’s wait, scientists have found the first superconductor that works near room temperature. Superconducting up to about 15° Celsius (59° Fahrenheit), it’s made by squeezing carbon, hydrogen and sulfur between two diamonds and zapping the compound with a laser (SN: 10/14/20). The new material allows current to flow without any energy loss, but only at high pressures, which means practical applications are still a distant vision.
To make the first superconductor that works near room temperature, physicists squeezed to high pressure a material between the tips of two diamonds.ADAM FENSTER
2. Oldest, biggest Maya monument
Underneath a previously unexplored site in Mexico called Aguada Fénix, archaeologists uncovered an enormous raised ceremonial structure (SN: 6/3/20). Built about 3,000 years ago and featuring a 1,400-meter-long rectangular plateau with a platform longer than four American football fields, the discovery shows that the Maya civilization built big from its beginnings.
The ancient Maya site of Aguada Fénix, shown in this 3-D rendering, had a ceremonial plateau with a platform and mound in its center.TAKESHI INOMATA
3. Best evidence for anyons
Theoretical physicists have long predicted the existence of anyons, a type of bizarre quasiparticle resulting from the movements of electrons that together behave as a particle. In a mind-twisting discovery, physicists braided anyons, which exist only in two dimensions, by looping them around one another within complex layers of materials (SN: 7/9/20). The resulting disturbances observed in the 2-D sheets of material suggest that the quasiparticles are real.
4. Earliest modern bird
The nearly 67-million-year-old fossilized “Wonderchicken” (also known as Asteriornis maastrichtensis) is the oldest modern bird ever found, meaning that its descendants survived the asteroid impact that wiped out nonavian dinosaurs and led to the birds we see today (SN: 3/18/20). Wonderchicken did indeed look something like a chicken, if it were crossed with a duck and shrunk to the size of a quail.
5. Grossest discovery
For the first time, researchers observed a snake gnawing a hole in a toad’s belly, slithering inside and gorging on the innards — all while the toad was alive (SN: 10/2/20). The snake may have been avoiding poison that the toad releases from its neck and back, or finding a way to eat a meal too big to swallow whole.
After chewing a hole into the belly of a toxic toad, a small-banded kukri snake shoved its head inside to eat.WINAI SUTHANTHANGJAI, H. BRINGSØE ET AL/HERPETOZOA 2020
6. Oldest string
Not only was this scrap of cord handmade more than 40,000 years ago, but the hands that made it belonged to Neandertals, close human relatives who don’t often get props for creativity. The string, made from bark fibers, was found clinging to an ancient tool discovered in France (SN:4/9/20).
7. Biggest black hole merger
A detection of gravitational waves from two colliding black holes led to a bevy of records (SN: 9/2/20). It’s the first definitive evidence that midsize black holes — those with a mass between 100 and 100,000 times that of the sun — exist. The resulting merger is the most massive spotted so far using gravitational waves, as well as the farthest (17 billion light-years from Earth) and the most energetic: It radiated the equivalent in energy of about eight times the sun’s mass.
Two black holes orbited each another, sending out ripples of gravitational waves (illustrated in blue and pink in this computer simulation) before merging to form the first definitive example of a midsize black hole.DEBORAH FERGUSON, KARAN JANI, DEIRDRE SHOEMAKER, PABLO LAGUNA/GEORGIA TECH, MAYA COLLABORATION
8. Record-breaking animals
This year saw several record-breaking animal achievements, from the highest-living mammal — a yellow-rumped leaf-eared mouse found 6,739 meters above sea level in South America (SN: 7/29/20) — to the longest dive by a marine mammal, a nearly four-hour plunge by a Cuvier’s beaked whale (SN: 9/23/20). There was also the coldest bird, the black metaltail hummingbird, which chills to about 3° Celsius (37° Fahrenheit) overnight to conserve energy (SN: 9/8/20).
Researchers captured a yellow-rumped leaf-eared mouse (Phyllotis xanthopygus rupestris) at a record altitude of 6,739 meters, or 22,100 feet, above sea level. Jay Storz, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, and mountaineer Mario Pérez Mamani discovered the animal at the summit of Volcán Llullaillaco, a dormant volcano on the border of Chile and Argentina.
In space, nobody can hear you scream — or explode, or collapse, or slowly collide with a neighboring galaxy. But now, thanks to a new "data sonification" program at NASA, you can at least get a sense of what some of the most extreme phenomena in the universe might sound like when converted to sound played by Earthly instruments.
To hear what that sounds like, we turn to NASA's Chandra X-ray center — which has been imaging distant galaxies with its Chandra X-ray observatory for 20 years now. (Apparently, just seeing the wonders of the cosmos was not enough for them.) In their new initiative, Chandra researchers have taken three iconic images from their archives and translated different frequencies of light into different pitches of sound.
Take the following video of the crab nebula (a supernova remnant powered by a windy neutron star). In NASA's data sonification of the nebula, X-ray light (blue and white) is represented by brass instruments; optical light (purple) is played by string instruments; and infrared light (pink) is represented by woodwinds. The pitch of each instrument family increases from the bottom of the image to the top, so many tones are audible at the same time. The sounds converge near the center of the nebula, where a rapidly swirling pulsar is blasting gas and radiation in all directions. Listen below:
The agency posted two more videos in a statement. One shows the Bullet Cluster — two clusters of galaxies slowly colliding with one another, about 3.7 billion light-years from Earth. This collision provided the first direct evidence of the existence of dark matter, which is causing distant galaxies in the two blue regions of the image to appear larger and closer through a process called gravitational lensing, according to NASA. Those blue, dark-matter-y regions are represented with the lowest sound frequencies in the video below, with X-ray light represented with the highest frequencies.
The final video shows a supernova explosion called Supernova 1987A, named for the year its light first reached Earth from the Large Magellanic Cloud (a satellite galaxy about 168,000 light-years away). Unlike the other two videos, which pan over the image from left to right, this supernova gets a special time-lapse treatment. As a crosshair swoops around the edge of the nova's gassy halo, the image gradually transforms to show the explosion's evolution between 1999 and 2013. The brighter the halo becomes, the higher and louder the pitches sound. The ring of gas reaches peak brightness as the supernova shock-wave ripples through it, according to NASA, resulting in the loudest, highest pitches at the video's end.
Orb Recorded Moving Through Living Room, Possible Alien Entity, 10-20-2020, UFO Sighting News.
Orb Recorded Moving Through Living Room, Possible Alien Entity, 10-20-2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: 10-20-2020
This orb was caught traveling through a guys living room and the person had his infrared camera recording at the time. The orb is an alien entity, a living being, superior to us in every way, and can even change themselves to look like us, but prefer this shape. Some call them spirit orbs, and in essence they are...the spirit...the energy...the being of an alien entity. Very amazing how it moves around the home so casually. 100% proof aliens not only watch outside our homes, but also enter our homes too.
UFO Tunnels Seen Over Central Serbia, Jan 4, 2021, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Tunnels Seen Over Central Serbia, Jan 4, 2021, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Jan 4, 2021 Location of sighting: Central Serbia
This is some amazing cloud transportation tunnels over Centeral Serbia today. I say transportation tunnels because my first UFO sighting...occurred with a similar beginning. I was in the USAF SAC Ellsworth AFB South Dakota, walked out to my parking lot...saw four long tunnel clouds that started, yes, started over the parking lot and disappeared over the horizon. About 20 of us were watching the sky directly above us...half were wearing a USAF uniform. The tunnel clouds where the only clouds in the sky and they were perfectly lined up side by side with a small space between. Each cloud was perfectly contained...no whiffs of cloud around it...just tunnel. A giant 747 size glowing ball inside the end of the cloud tunnel...then it began to move down it...still inside the cloud tunnel...faster and faster till it disappeared in the horizon. This happened 25 times before I had to leave, being late for work at the base back in 1989. At my base when I talked to my commander, he said its aliens and we don't talk about that here. So...never did, but did mention on my site several times.
White Sphere Caught On Door Cam, Franklin, Kentucky 1-3-2021 UFO Sighting News.
White Sphere Caught On Door Cam, Franklin, Kentucky 1-3-2021, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Jan 3, 2021 Location of sighting: Franklin, Kentucky, USA
This is just in from MUFON. A persons door cam captured a glowing white sphere passing over the neighborhood. The glowing ball is flying low and looks to be car size. Strangely enough...the most commonly reported UFOs worldwide are white spheres. This is a great example of such a craft.
UFO's over Spain at Nerja, Costa Del Sol Over Ocean, 12-31-2020, UFO Sighting News.
UFO's over Spain at Nerja, Costa Del Sol Over Ocean, 12-31-2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Dec 31, 2020 Location of sighting: Nerja, Spain
Glowing UFOs appeared over some buildings on Dec 31, but the UFO was not several objects but actually a single craft. When I put it into slow motion I can see a diamond shaped craft. It seems to have four corners and five or more glowing lights on it that light up at different times. I will try to put a close up of that above to better understand.
Blue UFO Crashing Into Ocean At Hawaii Was Top Secret Area 51 Spacecraft! Videos, UFO Sighting News.
Blue UFO Crashing Into Ocean At Hawaii Was Top Secret Area 51 Spacecraft! Videos, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Jan 1, 2021 Location of sighing: Hawaii, USA
A blue UFO was seen falling very slowly in an almost controlled fall over Hawaii this week. I know what it is and I have reported a similar occurrence...back in 2008 when in Needles, California a similar blue object was seen falling over the desert and eyewitnesses reported that within 30 minutes they saw helicopters coming in with a cargo helicopter and carry it off...to area 51. I say Area 51, because at that same moment...two top secret Janet Planes landed at the Needles airport...which is unheard of. I lived in Needles when I was in elementary school for two years, but that was 20 years before this happend. This UFO over Hawaii...its from Area 51, its a top secret alien tech craft flown by a human pilot. But...it's still hard for humans to control it...since it's controlled by the mind. Yes, like bluetooth tying in the earphones with a computer, the alien craft links to the pilots mind...which can overwhelm the human pilots. This is 100% USAF technology. Check the FAA landings in Hawaii...I would bet money that two Janet planes landed there a few hours later.
Scott C. Waring - Taiwan
I will include a news video of the Needles, California 2008 info below for you to check it out and compare.
Mysterious space object catches fire before hitting the Moon
Mysterious space object catches fire before hitting the Moon
Alarge object approaches the moon, then before it catches fire, a jet flame comes out of the end of the object, going down and crashes into the surface of the moon.
According to sky-watcher Bruce Swartz who captured the object with his 14 inches telescope and infrared camera it looks like it is something like a small rocket, as the object's behaviors are similar to a NASA rocket that lands straight on the moon's surface or like a SpaceX rocket that lands straight on a platform.
Although it looks like the object crashed into moon, it could also have landed on the moon's surface.
Footage of the unknown space object starts at 2.02 minutes in the video.
Really good episode on UFOs on The Joe Rogan Experience – Jacques Vallée & James Fox
Really good episode on UFOs on The Joe Rogan Experience – Jacques Vallée & James Fox
The Joe Rogan Experience #1574 – Jacques Vallée & James Fox
Jacques Vallée is a venture capitalist, technologist, and world-renowned figure in the field of unidentified aerial phenomena. James Fox is the director of The Phenomenon: a new documentary about UFOs and a global effort to conceal their existence.
Missions to Mars, the Moon and Beyond Await Earth in 2021
Missions to Mars, the Moon and Beyond Await Earth in 2021
Here’s a preview of what to expect in space and astronomy in the year to come.
An illustration of NASA’s Perseverance rover casting off its spacecraft’s cruise stage before entering the Martian atmosphere.Credit...NASA/JPL-Caltech
About a month after the new year has started on Earth, three spacecraft will pull into the vicinity of Mars. These explorers, which launched in July last year, will be heralds of a busy year of space exploration, launches and astronomical occurrences.
What follows is a preview of some of 2021’s most notable expected events. Private companies and the world’s space agencies are likely to announce more. The Times’s Space and Astronomy Calendar will help you keep up with these dates, and you can subscribe to it here.
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Never miss an eclipse, a meteor shower, a rocket launch or any other astronomical and space event that's out of this world.
Martian meetup
A Chinese Long March-5 rocket carrying the Tianwen-1 Mars probe lifted off last summer from the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan Province.Credit...Cai Yang/Xinhua, via Associated Press
The first to arrive will be the Emirati Hope orbiter, the first deep space explorer of the Arab country’s small but ambitious space program. The mission will study the Martian atmosphere, sending valuable data back to scientists on Earth. It is to reach its destination on Feb. 9.
Soon after, on Feb. 18, NASA’s Perseverance rover will arrive and immediately plunge toward the surface of Mars. If it lands successfully, the rover will seek signs of extinct life in a dried out crater lake and riverbed. But first it will deploy Ingenuity, a small helicopter. That device has its own mission of carrying out the first powered flight from the surface of another planet.
Locking on to the lunar surface
An illustration of the Astrobotic lander, which is expected to carry science and technology payloads for NASA to the lunar surface.Credit...Agence France-Presse — Getty Images
While China has landed spacecraft on the moon three times in the last seven years, NASA has not landed there since 1972, the last Apollo mission. That could change in 2021, deepening the commercial transformation of American space efforts.
NASA has in the past decade relied on private companies to build and operate spacecraft that could ferry cargo, and now people, to the International Space Station. It is trying a similar approach with Commercial Lunar Payload Services. The program has contracted with a number of private companies to build robotic lunar landers that will carry cargo from NASA and other customers to the moon’s surface.
The first company, Pittsburgh’s Astrobotic, is scheduled to launch its Peregrine lander to the moon in June. It could be followed in October by Nova-C, a spacecraft built by Intuitive Machines of Houston.
NASA also has its eye on returning astronauts to the moon this decade. Its first step will be an uncrewed test flight of the massive Space Launch System built for future American deep space launches. The rocket has faced numerous delays and ballooning costs, but NASA still plans a journey in 2021 known as Artemis-1. It will send Orion, a capsule for astronauts, around the moon and back to Earth. That test is tentatively scheduled for November.
Deeper into deep space
One of the mirrors of the James Webb Space Telescope array at the X-ray and cryogenic facility of the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala.Credit...MSPC/NASA
Two other NASA explorers will also head out into the solar system.
The Double Asteroid Redirection Test spacecraft, launching in July, aims to test whether a spacecraft could deflect a future asteroid that was headed toward Earth’s surface. To do that, it will visit Didymos, a pair of near-Earth asteroids that travel around the sun together, and attempt a collision to nudge the orbit of the smaller rock.
A second mission, Lucy, will launch in October and travel much farther, making flybys through Jupiter’s orbital path. There it will study the Trojans — asteroids that travel in the same orbit as Jupiter but hundreds of millions of miles ahead or behind, trapped there by the giant planet’s gravity. Scientists think these space rocks could conceal secrets of how the solar system’s outer planets were formed.
Odysseys to orbit
An illustration of Boeing’s Starliner spacecraft in orbit.Credit...Boeing, via Associated Press
Human spaceflight was transformed in 2020 as SpaceX successfully launched a pair of crews to the space station. The company is likely to send more astronauts to orbit in 2021, and not all of them may be working for NASA and other government space agencies. Multiple companies are working with SpaceX to launch paying customers on the Crew Dragon capsule. One of them, Axiom Space, could send its first private tourists to the space station late in the year.
When NASA picked SpaceX to build transport for its astronauts, it also hired Boeing to do the same. During an uncrewed test to orbit in December 2019, a series of errors nearly led to the catastrophic loss of Boeing’s Starliner capsule. To make up for that unsuccessful flight, Boeing will carry out a second test flight as early as March.
Other human journeys to space also beckon this year. Virgin Galactic and Blue Origin may send paying customers on short trips to the edge of space and back in 2021. China could also start launching pieces of its next generation space station during the year, setting it on a course to have a regular human presence in low Earth orbit in the years to come.
Solar system showtime
A “ring of fire” solar eclipse viewed from Riau Province in Indonesia in 2019.Credit...Rifka Majjid/Associated Press
If 2020 taught people anything, it was to expect the unexpected. While Covid-19 darkened the world as it traveled around the sun, humanity was surprised by views of Comet NEOWISE in the summer months and enthralled with the conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn during the winter solstice. It’s a big universe, and there is so much of it to be seen from our small part of it.
A lunar eclipse on May 26 will overlap with a period when the moon is closer to Earth than usual, what some call a “super blood moon.” People in Australia and on Pacific islands as well as in the Western United States will get the best views of the occurrence, and some of the event will be visible in other parts of the Americas as well as East and South Asia.
Most people in North America will have to wait until 2024 to experience the next total solar eclipse like the one in August 2017. But on June 10, some North Americans will get a taste of what’s to come in three years when an annular solar eclipse darkens some skies.
Also known as a “ring of fire” eclipse, it happens when the moon is too far from Earth to fully obstruct the sun, leaving a halo of sunlight around its edges. This unusual eclipse will cross over the North Pole as it travels, and only people in small parts of Canada and Russia will get the full effect. But those willing to wake early enough on parts of the East Coast and wear their safety glasses will get to see a partial eclipse around sunrise that morning.
The ISS Recorded Again A Fleet Of Hundreds Of UFOs Approaching Our Planet
The ISS Recorded Again A Fleet Of Hundreds Of UFOs Approaching Our Planet
We have long believed, even claimed, that we are not alone in the cosmos, and scientists said a few months ago that there may be hundreds of intelligent alien societies not far from Earth. Any of them might also be enough advanced to engage with us.
Scientists at the University of Nottingham, UK, estimate that there are at least 36 extraterrestrial cultures highly advanced in the Milky Way, according to a report published in the science journal The Astrophysical Journal last June.
But they go on to claim that the calculation is simply conservative: it is based on the premise that intelligent life, using what they call the Astrobiological Copernican Limit, forms on other planets in a similar fashion as it does on Earth.
Researchers believed that the World is not special: if an Earth-like planet developed around a Sun-like star in an orbit identical to our planet, hosting a society that evolves technologically similar to humans, in our galaxy there will be around 36 civilizations.
In this scenario, in a timeframe close to that of humanity, other advanced cultures will also be transmitting messages, such as radio broadcasts from satellites and televisions, seeking to discover other modes of life. So if scientists are so convinced of the alien presence of our galaxy, images showing a fleet of hundreds of UFOs above Earth shouldn’t be shocking to us.
Fleet Of UFOs
Another A fleet of over 150 unidentified flying objects in Earth’s orbit has been captured by the International Space Station (ISS) camera. This is not, though the first time in recent months that a similar sighting has occurred.
The ISS was traveling in an undetermined location on Earth last April, as we had already published exclusively, but as the camera captured the progress, hundreds of formation lights were emerging in our path. Uh, earth.
In August, even the Russian cosmonaut Ivan Vagner, currently onboard the International Space Station (ISS), noticed the appearance of a number of unusual lights. The 60-second film, taken from inside the ISS, showed, from Vagner’s viewpoint, at least five unidentified objects traveling in formation, emerging behind Earth.
The arrival of the UFO fleet was caught by the ISS camera in this new sighting during the night of November 15. The appearance in the orbit of Earth of unusual objects is so many that they do not reach the field of view of the camera, but it can be seen that there are at least more than 150.
The most cynical Internet users have indicated that some city lights are these UFO formations, but because the ISS circles the Earth in about 93 minutes, doing 15.5 orbits every day we can see these types of supposed city lights every day on the live stream, but that’s not the case.
But it’s obvious that mysterious luminous objects are not the lights of major cities, and they’re not fishing boats or Starlink satellites because of their height.
It can also be added that on ISS live broadcasts, these light formations do not continuously appear, but rather appear suddenly and then vanish as if they never were. Today, the question that many are wondering is where do they go and in such numbers for what reason do they travel?
There are numerous hypotheses at this stage that might justify its real intent. One explanation is that owing to the coronavirus pandemic, it is alien spacecraft leaving our world in shape.
Another hypothesis, and one of the most famous, is that they are conclusive proof that some otherworldly civilization is preparing for a quiet attack, strategically positioning its fleet as if it were a chessboard. We should not rule out that it is the US Space Force, however.
It must be said that the Space Delta 9 unit of the Space Force was formally awarded its first mission: orbital warfare. It formally took charge of the enigmatic experimental unmanned mini space shuttle X-37B, which completed a number of classified orbits for unspecified reasons, the latest of which involved a Space Force mission, as part of the strengthening of the armament of the Space Force.
So it should come as no surprise that hidden Space Power instruments are the hundreds of objects stealthily flying about in Earth’s orbit.
The fact is that if more than 150 unexplained space objects travel in our planet’s orbit, apart from all these hypotheses, why does the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) or the European Space Agency (ESA) not feel it appropriate to clarify the mysterious objects that appear in the live broadcast of the ISS?
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Bright blue UFO seen crashing into ocean near Hawaii prompts calls to 911, FAA
Bright blue UFO seen crashing into ocean near Hawaii prompts calls to 911, FAA
A skier was caught by rescuers after slipping off a chairlift and dangling by her jacket at an upstate New York resort.
HAWAII -- An unidentified flying object spotted in Hawaii caught enough people's attention to get the Federal Aviation Administration involved.
FAA agents confirm they did receive reports about the UFO from police, who were getting several 911 calls about it.
The callers all said they saw a large blue object fall out of the sky and into the ocean.
Multiple videos show the object flying in the night sky near Haleakala Avenue in Nanakuli.
"I look up and then I was like oh s***," Mistina Sape said in an interview with a local news station "(I) started calling my husband then because they were all in the garage. I was like 'hey. Come look up there. See if you see what I see.'"
They all did.
"I don't know what it was. This one was going so fast," Sape said.
ABC's Gio Benitez reports on the investigation into the UFO sightings.
Sape has never been a believer in UFOs, but the bright blue object intrigued her so much that she jumped in the car and followed after it.
Her investigation ended three miles later when the blue light, which she described as being larger than a telephone pole, appeared to fall into the ocean. It crashed through the water without making a sound. That's when Sape and her husband called 911. When officers arrived, they all spotted a second light in the sky.
"My husband went (to) look up and he saw the white one coming. The white one was smaller; (it) was coming in the same direction as the blue one."
The white light passed over a nearby town and disappeared from view.
Honolulu Police Department said it did not have any information about the case it could release. However, the FAA said it received a report from the department about a possible airplane down in the area.
The FAA said it did not have any aircraft disappear off the radar nor any reports of overdue or missing aircraft.
Insane Video of Triangle Shaped UFO Flying over Texas
Insane Video of Triangle Shaped UFO Flying over Texas
A team of UFO enthusiasts have managed to film one of the best videos of the enigmatic triangle UFO.
The sighting took place in Longview, Texas on October 26, 2015, at approximately 20:50 P.M. When the witnesses saw the triangular craft quietly gliding “above Texas neighborhoods, unaware to the masses,” they immediately knew they had to film it.
One and a half minutes into the video, another triangular UFO made a silent entry into the picture and when they slowly distanced themselves, the guys filming the video jumped in the car and drove to a better vantage point.
Since the video is described as [Raw chase footage], the next three minutes are a mix of blurry, shaky footage and Guns N’ Roses. Whoever needs to complain about this must first understand that a certain amount of excitement accompanies UFO sightings and even professional hunters make mistakes. However, the video has two very good portions of footage at the beginning and near the end that make up for the shaky middle.
The UFO manages to cover a lot of ground (technically, sky) during the video. Coupled with its apparent size, the drone hypothesis seems to deteriorate. With what details can be gathered from the footage, the object fits the description of a classic triangle UFO. It is hard to discern whether this craft was built and operated by extraterrestrials or a military prototype such as the TR-3B.
As usual, the sighting sparked controversy on the internet, with users chipping in with their opinions on the matter.
“This is a few hours from where the Cash-Landrum incident happened,” one Reddit user commented. “I wonder if there is a military base in the area.”
The Cash-Landrum incident is one of the best documented UFO sightings to occur in the United States, one that left its witnesses in a state of shock and with palpable physical evidence.
Classified as a close encounter of the second kind, this incident involved Betty Cash, Vickie Landrum and her seven year-old grandson Colby. The three of them were traveling on an isolated road to their home in Dayton, Texas when they encountered a huge diamond-shaped object hovering above the treetops. The UFO spewed flames and emitted a large amount of heat; it was enough to make the metal parts of the car so hot they were painful to the touch.
The aftermath of the incident saw Cash fall ill and her symptoms were consistent with radiation poisoning. Large, painful blisters appeared on her body and she bagan losing patches of skin and clumps of hair.
We have strong evidence that these patients have suffered secondary damage to ionizing radiation. It is also possible that there was an infrared component as well.” – MUFON radiologist who examined the patient.
It is possible. The fact that the diamond-shaped UFO was closely followed by a squadron of unmarked military helicopters could attest to the presence of a nearby secret base. The UFO itself could have been a prototype they were testing out and for whatever reason they decided to see the effects of an interaction with humans.
If this is the case, the area might be home to a number of other anomalies and we should be on the lookout for skywatchers’ videos and testimonies.
World’s Most Famous ‘Alien Abductee’ Slams Skeptics – 16 Lie Detector Tests Prove His Theory is True
World’s Most Famous ‘Alien Abductee’ Slams Skeptics – 16 Lie Detector Tests Prove His Theory is True
In case you didn’t know already, Travis Walton is by far one of the most famous alien abductees of all time because he’s been claiming his story to be real since 1975.
Recently however he came forth during an interview with the Sun Online where he actually told them that from the 16 lie detector tests that he’s undertaken so far, he has passed every single one of them.
His story begins alongside his five crew members as he was driving around his truck in the mountains of Arizona on November 5th, 1975.
This is when he heard a loud noise in the distance alongside a very bright light that he’d seen from a mile away.
He was quick to stomp out any fires started by the local teens but as he approached the scene, he couldn’t help but notice the fact that a massive flying saucer was right ahead of him.
Soon after he disappeared and the crew member hadn’t found him again until five days later when he began telling his story to the world.
That is when he talked about the creatures that took him to their ship and began experimenting on him.
He talks about how these creatures were the typical big-eyed, big-headed, small-bodied stereotypical Grey Aliens that we see everywhere nowadays. With his story confirmed, the father of four believes that he now truly has the upper hand over his haters.
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Japan orders military pilots to report UFO sightings
Japan orders military pilots to report UFO sightings
Despite the Defense Ministry claiming there have been no official reports of military personnel encountering unidentified flying objects, UFO watchers insist that Japan is a hotbed of extraterrestrial activity.
Japan's Self-Defense Forces (SDF) have been issued with new protocols for what they should do when encountering an unidentified flying object (UFO) that could potentially pose a threat to national security.
Former Defense Minister Taro Kono told a press conference earlier in September that members of the military need to make a visual recording of any unexplained phenomena they encounter and that the footage must be analyzed to the fullest extent.
The military is also being tasked with looking into reports of UFO sightings from the public.
Kono has in the past expressed skepticism over the existence of alien craft from outer space visiting Earth, telling a press conference in April: "Frankly speaking, I don’t believe in UFOs."
Nevertheless, the issue was brought up when Kono met with US Defense Secretary Mark Esper in Guam in late August for a regularly scheduled talk on regional security issues.
The US side is understood to be keen to collaborate with Japan on UFOs, particularly after the Pentagon released three video clips in April captured by US pilots that apparently show "unidentified aerial phenomena."
The footage had already been circulating online, and US authorities have confirmed that they have been unable to positively identify the objects in the clips.
In 2008, 'The Science of Aliens' museum exhibit in Tokyo featured a model depicting an 'alien autopsy'
Government denies multiple sightings
According to the Japanese Defense Ministry, there are no known cases of SDF personnel encountering UFOs, although a leading UFO researcher said he was surprised the government would claim ignorance.
Greg Sullivan, director of the Japan Center for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (JCETI), said Kono and the ministry should be aware of at least six alleged encounters between Japanese pilots and UFOs, all of which he said have been reported to the government. Sullivan also cited a number of civilian UFO sightings across Japan.
"There were previously no protocols in place, as the pilot witnesses that I have spoken with have confirmed, so there was no way of officially reporting these sorts of incidents," Sullivan told DW.
"The reports were filed and the authorities have that data, but they did not previously know what to do with it, so I hope that is going to change now," he added.
One of the people that Sullivan has interviewed is Mamoru Sato, who served as a wing commander in the Air Self-Defense Force and who decided to collect testimonies from a number of other military pilots who had encounters with UFOs.
"Those reports were met with ridicule and the authorities refused to take him seriously," said Sullivan.
Among the incidents that Sato documented was a sighting of a flying "saucer" at close range before the craft disappeared at a rapid speed, and an entire squadron of Japanese pilots on the ground at an air base witnessing a series of highly reflective craft that were also moving at a speed beyond the capabilities of a conventional aircraft.
Shigeru Ishiba, a politician with the Liberal Democratic Party, also filed a request for information about UFO sightings while he was serving as defense minister in 2007.
Japan appears to be something of a hotbed for UFO sightings, with a "flashing green orb" reported in the skies above Niigata in November 2016 and "10 white globes" floating above Osaka in July 2015. "Mystery lights" were also witnessed by dozens of people over Okinawa in January 2014.
In September 2009, Miyuki Hatoyama, the wife of then-Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama, attracted headlines over a book in which she claimed to have had an extraterrestrial experience 20 years previously.
"While my body was asleep, I think my soul rode on a triangular-shaped UFO and went to Venus," she wrote. "It was a very beautiful place and it was really green." Her husband reportedly told her that it was probably just a dream.
'Alternative explanations'
However, there are also UFO skeptics. For them, events like the sighting of a shiny sphere at high altitude over northern Japan earlier in the summer, and the Pentagon videos, are just unsolved mysteries.
This newspaper image shows a UFO over northern Japan in June 2020
"There are alternative explanations to at least some of these sightings," Jun Okumura, an analyst at the Meiji Institute for Global Affairs, told DW.
"Just as some crimes are 'unsolved,' some flying objects are 'unidentified' until they can be identified. And then they are no longer UFOs."
UFO enthusiast Sullivan said he has had countless interactions with Japanese who have sighted UFOs and are keen to know more about unexplained phenomenon.
There are numerous "sky-watching" events across the country for people who believe Japan is destination for intelligent life forms from outer space.
"Japan is one of the very few places in the world where four tectonic plates meet and there is a high level of volcanic activity," said Sullivan, claiming that UFO activity is often found around volcanoes.
Sullivan hopes that military personnel who may have been reluctant to report an encounter with a UFO for fear of being ridiculed will now be able to follow the official protocols and the data will be revealed to a wider audience.
Astronauts Spending Long Time in Space Have Greater Dementia Risk, Claims New Study
Astronauts Spending Long Time in Space Have Greater Dementia Risk, Claims New Study
This article was originally published in Sputnik on 15 April 2020.
(Credit: NASA)
Researchers are now working to solve all these issues as space agencies prepare to launch manned missions to Mars. The journey to the Red Planet lasts between 200-300 days.
Astronauts, who spend long periods of time in space, have a greater risk of developing dementia, says a new study conducted by scientists from the University of Texas. They analysed MRI scans of 11 astronauts taken before and after their flights to the International Space Station and concluded that the lack of gravity in space makes their brains swell and cerebrospinal fluids expand.
“What we identified that no one has really identified before is that there is a significant increase of volume in the brain’s white matter from preflight to postflight”, said Dr Larry Krammer, the study’s lead author from the University of Texas. “White matter expansion in fact is responsible for the largest increase in combined brain and cerebrospinal fluid volumes postflight.”
Microgravity experienced by humans in space redirects blood from the arms and legs to the brain making the pressure inside the skull increase. Increased exposure to low gravity could cause the brain’s volume to balloon and the pituitary gland – which is part of the endocrine system – to shrink.
“We found that the pituitary gland loses height and is smaller postflight than it was preflight. In addition, the dome of the pituitary gland is predominantly convex in astronauts without prior exposure to microgravity but showed evidence of flattening or concavity postflight. This type of deformation is consistent with exposure to elevated intracranial pressures”, said Dr Krammer.
Moreover, the scientists noticed that cerebrospinal fluids ran faster thought the brain than before the space trip. They attributed such brain changes to hydrocephalus, a condition found in people on Earth who are not astronauts. In this condition, the brain ventricles enlarge anomalously. Researchers said changes may lead to walking issues, problems with bladder control, and a high risk of developing dementia.
Researchers are now working to solve all these issues as space agencies prepare to launch manned missions to Mars. The journey to the Red Planet lasts between 200-300 days. Artificial gravity is one of the solutions that can be implemented with large centrifuges. Another option is to impose negative pressure on lower limbs to balance the headward flow of fluid.
New threat for astronauts heading to Mars – dementia, brain damage
NASA’s 4-Year Twin Experiment Takes Us Closer To Mars Than Ever Before
Watch Elon Musk Reveal SpaceX’s Most Detailed Plans To Colonize Mars
Colonizing Mars may require humanity to tweak its DNA
Astronauts Spending Long Time in Space Have Greater Dementia Risk, Claims New Study
Astronauts Spending Long Time in Space Have Greater Dementia Risk, Claims New Study
This article was originally published in Sputnik on 15 April 2020.
(Credit: NASA)
Researchers are now working to solve all these issues as space agencies prepare to launch manned missions to Mars. The journey to the Red Planet lasts between 200-300 days.
Astronauts, who spend long periods of time in space, have a greater risk of developing dementia, says a new study conducted by scientists from the University of Texas. They analysed MRI scans of 11 astronauts taken before and after their flights to the International Space Station and concluded that the lack of gravity in space makes their brains swell and cerebrospinal fluids expand.
“What we identified that no one has really identified before is that there is a significant increase of volume in the brain’s white matter from preflight to postflight”, said Dr Larry Krammer, the study’s lead author from the University of Texas. “White matter expansion in fact is responsible for the largest increase in combined brain and cerebrospinal fluid volumes postflight.”
Microgravity experienced by humans in space redirects blood from the arms and legs to the brain making the pressure inside the skull increase. Increased exposure to low gravity could cause the brain’s volume to balloon and the pituitary gland – which is part of the endocrine system – to shrink.
“We found that the pituitary gland loses height and is smaller postflight than it was preflight. In addition, the dome of the pituitary gland is predominantly convex in astronauts without prior exposure to microgravity but showed evidence of flattening or concavity postflight. This type of deformation is consistent with exposure to elevated intracranial pressures”, said Dr Krammer.
Moreover, the scientists noticed that cerebrospinal fluids ran faster thought the brain than before the space trip. They attributed such brain changes to hydrocephalus, a condition found in people on Earth who are not astronauts. In this condition, the brain ventricles enlarge anomalously. Researchers said changes may lead to walking issues, problems with bladder control, and a high risk of developing dementia.
Researchers are now working to solve all these issues as space agencies prepare to launch manned missions to Mars. The journey to the Red Planet lasts between 200-300 days. Artificial gravity is one of the solutions that can be implemented with large centrifuges. Another option is to impose negative pressure on lower limbs to balance the headward flow of fluid.
New threat for astronauts heading to Mars – dementia, brain damage
NASA’s 4-Year Twin Experiment Takes Us Closer To Mars Than Ever Before
Watch Elon Musk Reveal SpaceX’s Most Detailed Plans To Colonize Mars
Colonizing Mars may require humanity to tweak its DNA
If you look up in the southern sky you can see the "pointer" stars, pointing towards the Southern Cross. One of these pointers is Alpha Centauri, which is actually a pair of Sun-like stars that are too close together to tell apart by eye.
There is a third member of the Alpha Centauri system as well: Proxima Centauri (Proxima Cen for short), which circles the central two stars in a wide orbit. This is the Sun’s nearest neighbour, at a distance of just 4.2 light years.
It is possible one of Proxima Cen’s planets is suitable for life. However, we recently detected the signature of fierce space weather from Proxima Cen, which implies an orbiting planet could be blasted with hazardous particles and magnetic fields.
Our neighbour is not like the sun
Our sun is a relatively unremarkable yellow dwarf star, hosting the only known life-bearing planet in the Universe: our Earth.
Proxima Cen is very different. It is a red dwarf star, with a diameter only 15% of the sun's, and a surface temperature of 3,000 K (degrees Kelvin), much cooler than the sun's 6,000K.
Because Proxima Cen is relatively cool, the "Goldilocks zone" of orbits around it – where the temperature is just right for liquid water – is around one-twentieth the Earth's distance from the sun. We are interested in planets in a star's Goldilocks zone because liquid water is necessary for life as we know it.
We know Proxima Cen has at least two planets: Proxima Cen b, a rocky "super-Earth" located in the middle of Proxima Cen’s Goldilocks zone, and Proxima Cen c, a “sub-Neptune” located further out.
For years, astronomers have suspected planets like Proxima Cen b may be a dangerous home for life because they are so close to their host stars. Many red dwarf stars produce frequent, powerful flares – intense bursts of radiation travelling out into space. If planets like Proxima Cen b don’t have protective features such as a thick atmosphere or a strong magnetic field, they would be exposed to perilous levels of radiation.
But what’s the weather like around these stars?
The “space weather” of red dwarfs is another important factor in determining how hospitable they are to life. While flares involve intense bursts of light, space weather events mean the magnetic field and charged particles from the star can interact with planets directly.
The most energetic space weather events are known as coronal mass ejections (or CMEs). These massive eruptions escape the atmosphere of a star and travel through space at millions of kilometres per hour.
If the space weather conditions are extreme enough, the planetary atmosphere can be blown away and its magnetic field can be pushed backwards, leaving the surface exposed to deadly flare radiation.
CMEs have been detected around the Sun since the 1970s, but detecting space weather events around distant stars is much harder.
A sequence of powerful coronal mass ejections from the Sun, observed by the ESA/NASA Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). The Sun is located behind the central masked circle. (Image credit: ESA/NASA/SOHO)
For updates on the weather, tune into the radio
CMEs on the Sun produce characteristic bursts of radio noise, such as “type II” and “type IV” bursts. By detecting similar signatures on other stars, we can indirectly identify stellar CMEs.
On the night of May 2, 2019, we observed a massive optical flare with an estimated total energy output of 16 septillion joules. (That’s nearly 17 million years’ worth of Australia’s current electricity output.) On the Sun, flares this big happen only once every decade or two. But on Proxima Cen, they happen every few weeks.
Using ASKAP, we observed a spectacular sequence of intense radio bursts.
Radio and optical data from Proxima Cen on the night of May 2 2019. The top panel shows the ASKAP ‘dynamic spectrum’, showing how the intensity varies with radio frequency and time. The bottom panel shows data from optical telescopes, revealing a powerful outburst of radiation. When paired together, the occurrence of powerful radio bursts associated with flaring activity becomes clear. (Image credit: Andrew Zic/University of Sydney/CSIRO)
With the amazing detail revealed with ASKAP, we could see we had detected the best example of a solar-like type IV radio burst from another star to date.
This blast of radio waves implies the space weather environment around Proxima Cen is quite violent.
‘One swallow does not make a summer’
In 1859, British astronomers Richard Carrington and Richard Hodgson made the first observations of a solar flare, which was followed by a massive space weather storm named the “Carrington event”. We now know the storm was caused by a massive coronal mass ejection hitting Earth.
Carrington noted the coincidence between these extraordinary events, but was cautious to draw any connection between them, famously stating “one swallow does not make a summer”. We now find ourselves in a similar situation to Carrington.
We have observed a radio burst signature implying a CME erupting from Proxima Cen. But to confirm the relationship of these stellar radio bursts with CMEs, we need to harness information from other wavelengths. Once we can do this, we should soon know exactly how hazardous it is to live next to a star like Proxima Centauri.
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Everyone needed a respite from 2020, and tales of discovery provided a happy distraction from the worries of the day. Here are a few reminders that we still live in a world full of wonders.
1. Flowers at the South Pole
Antarctica was once home to a diverse rainforest. The unearthing of traces of vegetation in 90-million-year-old sediments off the coast of West Antarctica shows just how radically different the planet was during the age of dinosaurs, with conifers, ferns and blooming flowers where an ice sheet sits today (SN: 4/1/20).
Roughly 90 million years ago, a diverse rainforest (shown in this artist’s reconstruction) flourished within about 1,000 kilometers of the South Pole.J. MCKAY/ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE (CC BY 4.0)
2. Life finds a way
Researchers are still identifying new species and cataloging the amazing diversity of life on Earth. This year saw the discovery that the sparkly “Elvis worm” of the deep sea is actually four different species (SN: 5/25/20). Other scientists found a bonanza of 10 new bird species and subspecies on remote Indonesian islands (SN: 1/9/20). And the first complete count of plant species on New Guinea revealed more than 13,600 species of vascular plants, the most of any island on Earth (SN: 8/18/20).
New Guinea’s impressive array of floral diversity includes this Syzygium plant, a member of the myrtle family.YEE WEN LOW, R. CÁMARA-LERET ET AL/NATURE 2020
3. Raining reptiles
During a cold snap in southern Florida, lizards started falling from trees, landing legs-up (SN: 10/30/20). The reptiles weren’t hurt, just so cold that they couldn’t move and lost their grip. Oddly, this may be good news for the six lizard species scientists examined. The ability to withstand temperatures down to about 5.5° Celsius may suggest some resilience to extreme weather caused by climate change.
This iguana fell out of a tree in Key Biscayne, Fla., after a cold snap in January. Scientists have learned that such lizards are more tolerant of the cold than previously thought.BRETT PIERCE
4. Super chill
Hot water can sometimes freeze more quickly than cold, a baffling phenomenon called the Mpemba effect. Scientists couldn’t explain it — and weren’t sure it was even real. Now researchers have demonstrated the bizarre effect for the first time in the laboratory by cooling glass beads as a proxy for the more complex freezing process of water. In some conditions, the researchers say, materials can take a cooling “shortcut” that allows warmer objects to cool faster than colder ones (SN: 8/7/20).
Astronomers have found the edges of the Milky Way, for the first time showing its enormous span and potentially helping to gauge its heft. Our home galaxy stretches almost 2 million light-years across, more than 15 times as wide as the Milky Way’s spiral disk of stars and planets (SN: 3/23/20). Beyond that disk lies a broad stretch of gas surrounded by a vast halo of invisible dark matter.
The vastness of the Milky Way (shown in a gamma-ray image) seems almost immeasurable, but this year, astronomers put limits on our home galaxy’s bounds.FERMI LAT COLLABORATION/DOE AND NASA
5. Go fly a snake
Paradise tree snakes can fling themselves 10 meters or more through the air, and engineers have now figured out how they stay aloft. Once the snakes are in the air, they undulate both side to side and up and down, giving them the stability needed to glide (SN: 6/29/20).
Scientists captured the undulating motion of paradise tree snakes as they glide through the sky. A computer simulation based on high-speed video shows that the undulation is necessary for stable flight.
6. Floats our boat
Here was a chance to witness the seemingly impossible: tiny toy boats floating along both the top and bottom of a levitating liquid. Physicists made this magic happen by shaking a container of liquid, thus keeping a fluid layer aloft above a layer of air and allowing the inverted flotation (SN: 9/2/20).
Physicists knew it was possible to keep a layer of liquid levitated over a cushion of air by vigorously shaking the layers up and down in a container. But new lab experiments have revealed a surprising effect of that antigravity trick. Toy boats and other objects are able to float along the bottom surface of a levitated liquid as well as its top.
7. Will to survive
One inspiring creature just refused to accept being eaten. The Regimbartia attenuata water beetle is the first prey known to survive a trip through a frog’s entire digestive system, not just by taking a ride (like the fish eggs found this year to survive ducks’ digestive systems) but by actively escaping through the back door (SN: 8/3/20; SN: 6/29/20).
About two hours before this video begins, this pond frog (Pelophylax nigromaculatus) ate a water beetle (Regimbartia attenuata). After traversing the digestive tract, the beetle emerges from the back end of the amphibian, alive. It’s the first documented example of prey actively escaping a predator through the digestive system.
8. Everybody smile
From grins to grimaces, facial expressions may be universal across human cultures, and from ancient times to the modern day. Just by looking at the faces of sculptures crafted between 3,500 and 600 years ago, without the context of the rest of the sculpture, present-day people correctly interpreted expressions such as anger in depictions of combat and pain in sculptures of people being tortured (SN: 8/19/20).
This ancient sculpture of a beaming Maya woman holding a child was among the artworks included in a study of universal facial expressionsPRINCETON UNIVERSITY ART MUSEUM 2003-26, GIFT OF G.G. GRIFFIN
9. Meet PigeonBot
A robotic bird made with real pigeon feathers can change the shape of its wings by fanning its feathers out or gathering them in, making for more birdlike flight. Using the robot, scientists discovered that a bird can steer into a turn by bending just one “finger” on one of its wings (SN: 1/16/20).
A robotic pigeon that can change its wing shape like a real bird paves the way for creating more agile aircraft, and offers a new way to study bird flight.
10. It’s alive!
Putting Rip Van Winkle to shame, microbes that had been buried in seafloor sediments for more than 100 million years revived and multiplied. All the microbes needed was food to pull them from their dormant state (SN: 7/28/20).
Seafloor sediment from beneath the Pacific Ocean contains still-living microbes (green in this microscopy image) that are more than 100 million years old.JAMSTEC
Ark of the Covenant: Device used to power the Great Pyramid of Giza
Ark of the Covenant: Device used to power the Great Pyramid of Giza
Is there a relationship between the Great Pyramid of Giza and the Ark of the Covenant? After it was discovered that it was not used as a tomb and that it stores electromagnetic energy inside … Is it possible that these two devices were connected ?
It is now official that the Great Pyramid of Giza was not used as a tomb. After many studies through ScanPyramids , it was detected that it contained thermal anomalies inside.
This posed a big question mark for archeology and science who believed that the temperature inside was constant .
Writer and filmmaker David Wilcock commented that the energy of the pyramids is related to gravity . Compare this energy to a river that flows constantly to Earth , which can be harnessed with a funnel-shaped construction . Thus, the energy swirls inside it and creates a vortex current.
Knowing this, there is no doubt that the Great Pyramid of Giza was built for the purpose of storing energy . The question is what for? With what technology? And the most important, are all the components of this great machinery still inside it ?
The Ark of the Covenant as an energy device
According to the book of Exodus, after the Israelites were liberated from Egypt, God summoned Moses on a sacred mountain, granting him two stone tablets that were carved with the ten commandments.
At that time, Moses was instructed to build the Ark of the Covenant , one of the most controversial devices in history.
The Ark of the Covenant not only contained the ten commandments, it was also believed to be the throne of God himself; where the Ark was, there would be the power of God.
The dimensions of the alliance were approximately 131 x 79 x 79 centimeters . It was plated with gold and its crown, also made of gold, was placed around it. It had four gold rings that were fixed at its feet where wooden staves were placed, also gold-plated and with which the device would be transported .
Some researchers suggest that if the details of the ark’s construction were patented in the past , then it is a device similar to an electrical capacitor , including two electrodes separated by insulators.
To this is added that it was placed in a “room” that had a magnetic field of 500 to 600 volts per vertical meter. In this way, the crown that surrounded the Ark of the Covenant was charged with energy , functioning as a capacitor.
The true power of the Ark
There are many theories about this device, but most historians agree that it generated a powerful and unknown force.
This is assumed due to the prohibition of touching it and that those who transported it had to wear a kind of protective suit while the rest kept their distance.
Even the descriptions in the Bible mention the enormous power that was dangerous to man.
Thus it is suggested that the Ark was actually part of a complex system of energy production , which could be used as a weapon , just as Jericho used it. As a means of communication , just as Moses used it to talk to God. Among other uses.
The proofs of this power are found in the reading of the instructions for the Assembly of the Tabernacle where the Ark was kept, as well as the exact rules to access its interior without endangering their lives.
Another clue can be found in the Battle of Qadesh , in Abu Simbel, where you can see how Ramses II uses a device with a description similar to the one we can read in the Bible about the Ark of the Covenant, with which they invoked « mysterious powers.
Connection with the Great Pyramid of Giza
If the Great Pyramid of Giza was not built to be a tomb or to store things, as some skeptics suggest, why was it built?
It is possible that the answer is found in many factors, with the coordinates of its construction ; these are aligned with north-facing precision, with only 3/60 degree of error.
Another surprising fact is that it is located exactly over the center of the land mass . The east / west parallel and the north / south meridian intersect in two places on the planet; one of these is the Great Pyramid of Giza.
As can be seen, the construction of this great monument was not a whim ; its shape, location and size were not made by chance and everything had a reason.
In fact, the pyramid’s cornerstone foundations possess a ball-and-socket construction that stands up to the expansion of heat and earthquakes. Foundations that were extremely large for human workers to displace thousands of years ago.
It is for that reason that it is believed that the Ark of the Covenant could have been the device used within the Great Pyramid of Giza, as a kind of capacitor or battery that would turn the entire structure into an ancient power plant.
Although they are only theories, there are too many connections to be taken for a simple “story”, as the skeptics of traditional history would have you believe.
JAPAN RELEASES STUNNING FIRST IMAGES OF ASTEROID RYUGU SAMPLES
JAPAN RELEASES STUNNING FIRST IMAGES OF ASTEROID RYUGU SAMPLES
Wait, is that tin foil?
ON DECEMBER 6, a piece of an asteroid was found in the middle of the Australian desert.
But this wasn't an act of nature. It was a well-choreographed, meticulous transaction which took years of planning and execution.
Japan's Hayabusa2 spacecraft, which traveled for nearly six years in space to tag and collect a sample from asteroid Ryugu, dropped off a small capsule containing pieces of the space rock for analysis here on Earth. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) opened up the capsule last week, revealing the precious space cargo to the world for the first time. And there was a surprise in store.
The images are the climax of the Hayabusa2 mission, which ended a five-year journey when it landed on asteroid Ryugu on February 21, 2019. The spacecraft arrived within range of Ryugu in June, 2018 and spent more than a year orbiting its rocky companion, collecting observations and images of Ryugu before its final touchdown.
The spacecraft collected a small sample of the asteroid, and dropped it off in the Woomera Prohibited Area in southern Australia. The 40-centimeter capsule landed on Earth on December 4, and the team behind the mission located and retrieved it two days later.
The capsule containing a piece of the space rock was found in the Australian desert.JAXA
After making its way to a lab in Japan, scientists finally opened the precious cargo on December 14, peering into a rare sample from the cosmos.
WHY ITS NEWSWORTHY
Inside the capsule was only the second asteroid sample that humans have managed to get their hands on throughout history. By studying the sample, scientists are hoping that it will help them better understand the origins of the Solar System.
Asteroids formed from the very same material that formed the Solar System, and may contain clues as to how water and other biological material made their way to Earth, and sparked life as we know it.
Most of what we know about asteroids comes from meteorites, which rain down to Earth as their parent comets and asteroids pass our planet. But this material may be significantly altered by virtue of Earth's atmosphere, water or weather.
So snagging a piece of an asteroid as it flies through space provides scientists with pristine material from billions of years ago when the Solar System was in its infancy.
WHAT'S NEW
As seen in the images, the capsule contains small, gravely pieces of the asteroid that were collected by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft.
Many particles larger than 1mm were found in both chambers A and C.JAXA
There was a total of three capsule chambers with the asteroid samples contained inside. The samples inside Chamber C were larger than the one found in Chamber A, and the scientists behind the mission believe that the Chamber C samples were collected during the spacecraft's second touchdown on the asteroid.
Another odd finding in Chamber C is an artificial object, which appears to be some sort of tin foil.
The tiny scraps may be aluminum that scraped off the spacecraft during landing, according to JAXA. But the jury's still out on what, exactly, this scrap of material is and where it came from. It does, however, appear to be artificial and thus, potentially space trash.
WHAT'S NEXT
Now that the capsule has been opened, scientists will spend years analyzing the samples in order to try and figure out the origins of asteroid Ryugu, as well as the origins of our own world.
It seems the spacecraft scooped up more than enough dirt for initial analysis, according to JAXA, suggesting it may hold a wealth of new information about asteroids.
Giants of Ancient Egypt: The lost legacy of the “No-Human” Pharaohs
Giants of Ancient Egypt: The lost legacy of the “No-Human” Pharaohs
How did humans move blocks of tons of weight when building the pyramids ? That and other questions have led us to question the existence of giants in Ancient Egypt.
History has led one to think many times that the rulers of ancient Kemet were not ordinary humans.
Elongated skulls , others described as almost spiritual beings, and others as giants . And to support this theory is one of the legends that tells how the Pyramids of Giza were built at the hands of a race of giants.
This theory was shared during a lecture called “Atlantis and the Ancient Gods” by the occultist and Mason, Manly P. Hall.
Hall stated that in AD 820, the Great Pyramid of Giza was opened by El-Rashid Al-Ma’mun, a descendant of the great El-Rashid of the Arabian Nights. He had been told that it was built by giants known as Sheddai and that within them awaited a treasure beyond human knowledge .
Although it is true that in the year 832 d. C. Al-Ma’mun traveled to Egypt and was the first to explore the Great Pyramid at a time when it was still covered with white limestone, who are the Sheddai is a mystery that continues to be present.
Some say they were the followers of Horus , others the King of Ad, who was said to be the ruler of the lost city of Iram of the Pillars . An account mentioned in sura 89 of the Qur’an, where he is mentioned as a giant.
The monumental constructions in Egypt and their relationship with the giants
The Book of Wonders is an Arabic compilation of ancient traditions in Egypt and the prediluvian world.
Here it is said that the people of ‘Ad were giants, so Shaddad could be one of them. It is said that he built the monuments in Dahshur with the stones that were carved in his father’s time.
Before that, the giant Harjit was the one who started construction. Previously, another giant named Qofṭarīm placed the ” secrets in the pyramids of Dahshur and other pyramids as had been done in the past .” It was also he who founded the city of Dendera.
The text also mentions that the city of Memphis was built by a group of giants who lived after the Great Flood and served King Misraim, who was also known as a giant.
The cult of Horus
The followers of Horus , who may have created the main mound of Giza long before the pharaohs, are believed to be giants.
This is believed because at the end of the IV millennium BC. C., those called Disciples of Horus were a powerful aristocracy that ruled Egypt.
The theory about its existence is supported by the discovery of predynastic tombs north of Upper Egypt. From the remains found, skulls and constructions much larger than the rest stand out. The difference is such that any kind of common racial strain is ruled out.
In fact, Professor Walter B. Emery , an Egyptologist who explored Saqqara in the 1930s, discovered the predynastic remains.
Emery discovered that the abnormally large remains belonged to people with blond hair and a much more robust complexion . He said that the strain was not native to Egypt, but that it was very important in his government.
He discovered that this group only mixed with other equally important aristocracies and were believed to be part of the Followers of Horus.
The 2.5 meter tall king
Khasekhemui was the last ruler of the Second Dynasty of Egypt , with its epicenter near Abydos. He was present in the construction of Hierakonpolis, the predynastic capital.
He was buried in the necropolis of Umm el-Qa’ab. His limestone tomb was investigated in 2001, surprising experts by the quality of the construction compared to the Step Pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara, which was dated to the beginning of the Third Dynasty.
Khasekhemui’s remains were never found, so it is believed that it was looted long before.
Flinders Petrie , who was the first to excavate the site, found evidence from the 3rd century BC. C., that the pharaoh almost reached 2.5 meters in height.
Representation of a giant in Saqqara
The third dynasty was responsible for the construction of the Step Pyramid of Saqqara, built with other temples in the complex.
Djoser, who was in charge of burying Khasekhemui, who is suspected of being his son , ruled Saqqara during the construction of the pyramid.
Within this complex it was possible to photograph a painting of a giant that clearly seemed to have an elongated skull.
However, this could be a representation of skeletons that were excavated in the 1930s of individuals with large skulls and complexions.
The Temple of Isis
In 1895 and 1896, the world’s newspapers published a strange story about a photograph of the Temple of Isis .
The first time the article appeared was in the Arizona Silver Belt under the title ” Prehistoric Egyptian Giants .”
The article read the following:
In 1881, when Professor Timmerman set out to explore the ruins of an ancient temple of Isis on the banks of the Nile, 16 miles below Najar Djfard, he opened a row of tombs in which some prehistoric race of giants had been buried . The smallest skeleton of about 60, which were examined during the time Timmerman was excavating at Najar Djfard, was seven feet eight inches long and the largest eleven feet one inch . The tombstones were discovered in great numbers, but there was no record that even hinted that they were in the memory of men of extraordinary size. The tombs are believed to date from 1043 BC “
Giant mummified finger
Giant finger found in Egypt revealed in 2002. Courtesy: ancient-origins.net According to the German daily BILD.de, Gregor Spörri , a millionaire who owns a Swiss nightclub, took several photos of a mummified giant finger in the late 1980s.
The owner was a retired grave robber who lived in Bir Hooker, near Sadat City. About 100 kilometers from Cairo.
The finger was 35 centimeters long , so it belonged to someone who easily exceeded 4 meters in height .
However, this finding was barely made public in 2012 , 24 years later and, since then, it has not been made official .
According to Spörri, the finger was found 150 years ago and had been in the family of the owner, who took the trouble to X-ray the finger to confirm that it was real .
The exact place where it was found was never said, but the owner mentioned a hidden room inside the Great Pyramid , where there are supposedly huge tombs , all empty.
The Million Mummies Cemetery and the skeleton of more than 2 meters Skeleton over 2 meters
Fag el-Gamous is a cemetery close to a pyramid that has been explored by archaeologists from Brigham Young University for the past 30 years .
A large number of mummies have been found, especially from the Roman or Byzantine Empire that ruled Egypt from the 1st to the 7th century AD. C.
However, the pyramid may be from 2500 BC. C. , time in which the others were built.
The number of burials in such a small place has raised many questions , especially since the pyramid is older than the cemetery.
Who they were and why they ended up buried there remains a mystery and has led to several hypotheses. Likewise, it is impossible to investigate further since the archaeologists who were working on it had their license revoked for no apparent reason
. Many say that the excavation was stopped because they had discovered the body of a giant and were revealing information .
Giants in Egyptian art
Egyptian art has many references from his day to day ; from wars to simple family meals. That is why it is not surprising that if they represented giants in them, it is because they lived with them.
In addition to art, according to various researchers, giant coffins are the most reliable proof of their existence.
In the Serepeum Saqqara there are 25 coffins made of granite and diorite that weigh up to 70 tons each and in them mummified Apis bulls were sealed as part of some ancient cult.
This has led to speculation that these coffins belonged to giants. Likewise, another huge sarcophagus was found, which is located under the Giza plateau , in a place called the “well of Osiris.”
We zagen ze nog nooit zo veel vliegen: tien opmerkelijke Belgische UFO-meldingen uit 2020 verklaard
MEULEBEKE/ANTWERPEN - Het Belgisch UFO Meldpunt in het West-Vlaamse Meulebeke kreeg vorig jaar 446 meldingen binnen van mensen die iets vreemds in de lucht hadden gezien. Dat is een stijging van 64 procent in vergelijking met 2019. Met dank aan de lockdown, waardoor we plots meer tijd hadden om naar de hemel te turen. En daar zitten enkele opvallende luchtverschijnselen tussen. Wij haalden de tien opmerkelijkste er voor je uit.
Valentijn Dumoulein
1. De satelliet-treintjes van Elon Musk (maart en april)
Dat er dit jaar een recordaantal meldingen binnenliep bij het Belgisch UFO Meldpunt heeft in grote mate te maken met SpaceX, het commerciële ruimtevaartbedrijf van Elon Musk. “Dertien meldingen bereikten ons op 29 maart. De avond voordien waren het er zelfs 22”, zegt Frederick Delaere van het UFO Meldpunt. “Al deze meldingen gingen over witte lichtstippen die in een lange rij traag langs de hemel bewogen. Het betrof een nieuwe uitzetting van de Starlink-satellieten van SpaceX, die in een ‘treintje’ door de lucht voorbij vlogen. Er kwamen in totaal 191 meldingen binnen over deze satellieten of het ISS-ruimtestation.”
2. Carnaval in het heelal... (omgeving van Aalst, 23 februari)
Paniek op zondagavond 23 februari in de omgeving van Grembergen, Aalst en Lebbeke. Een half uur lang zagen inwoners uit die regio en omgeving schimmige lichtobjecten langs de hemel vliegen. Zes lichtgevende bollen werden geteld, meestal bewegend in formaties van drie. Soms bijna roerloos, dan weer met een enorme snelheid van Aalst wegschietend om kort daarna weer op dezelfde manier terug te keren naar een vast punt boven de stad. “Vijf getuigen hadden video’s van het verschijnsel kunnen maken en die doorgestuurd naar ons”, zegt Frederick. “Het verschijnsel op de beelden is genoegzaam bekend: het gaat om het schijnsel op de wolken van kantelbare hallogeenspots die naar de lucht zijn gericht. De datum is niet toevallig: 23 februari was de dag waarop de 92ste editie van het driedaagse carnavalsfeest van Aalst werd ingeluid.”
Bekijk hier een filmpje van de waarneming:
3. Verschillende lichtgevende stippen (Kuurne, 3 maart)
In de late namiddag van 6 maart filmde een politiecommissaris boven de West-Vlaamse gemeente Kuurne verschillende lichtgevende, vreemd bewegende stippen die elkaar leken te volgen. De stippen verdwenen af en toe in de wolken. “Waarschijnlijk werden hier trossen witte ballonnen gefilmd”, legt Frederick uit. “De objecten vlogen langs dichte wolkenflarden. Die ontstaan doordat luchtstromen op die hoogte voortdurend van richting veranderen. Het verklaart waarom de ballonnen geen rechtlijnig traject volgden.”
Op 18 maart verscheen rond 7 uur in de hemel “nabij Antwerpen” (een preciezere locatie wordt door de waarnemer niet vermeld, nvdr) een sinusvormige witte sliert tussen de normale condenssporen. Diezelfde dag, maar dan rond 18.30 uur, werd een gelijkaardige langere witte sliert gefotografeerd vanuit Antwerpen-Deurne. Het gaat om een zeldzaam type condensspoor van een vliegtuig.
5. Bol met korte vleermuisarmen (Sint-Andries, 16 mei)
Op 16 mei kreeg het UFO Meldpunt deze melding binnen: ”Ik was aan het wandelen met mijn vriendin en onze zoon in het park. Mijn vriendin keek omhoog en zag het object boven ons vliegen. Ik keek ook en stond er versteld van. Het maakte geen lawaai en zweefde soepel.” De melder voegt er nog aan toe dat het object leek op “een bol met korte vleermuisarmen” en kleiner was dan een vliegtuig.
Twee foto’s werden aan het UFO Meldpunt bezorgd. Ze tonen niet alleen het merkwaardige object, maar ook een sportvliegtuig dat achter het object aanvliegt. “Dat laatste detail deed een lampje branden”, zegt Frederick. “Waarschijnlijk hadden de getuigen een Verhees-delta waargenomen. Sinds 2009 heeft dit experimentele vliegtuigtype al tientallen ufo-meldingen opgeleverd. Vaak worden de toestellen begeleid door een tweede vliegtuig. Nazicht op Planefinder bevestigde dat de tweezitsversie van de delta’s die middag langs Brugge was gevlogen. Opmerkelijk is dat de getuigen geen geluid hebben gehoord, terwijl de Verhees-delta’s toch bekend staan als vrij lawaaierige toestellen.”
6. Is het een vliegtuig, is het een vogel? (Overmere, 14 juni)
Rond 14 uur werd op 14 juni in het Oost-Vlaamse Overmere een foto van een bijzonnenring gemaakt, een optisch verschijnsel door de vorming van ijskristallen in de lucht. “Deze keer was er in de linker bovenhoek van een van de foto’s een ongewone schotelvorm te zien”, weet Frederick. “Vermoedelijk gaat het om een kleine vogel die tijdens de opname voor de camera zwenkte.”
7. Twee evenwijdige lichtgevende lijnen (Lanaken, 3 juli)
Een man uit Lanaken filmde op 3 juli rond 2.50 uur vanuit het dakvenster van zijn slaapkamer drie quasiparallelle ‘lichtlijnen', die ongeveer twintig minuten roerloos in de lucht bleven hangen. Het verschijnsel deed zich voor in zuidoostelijke richting. Op uitgezoomde beelden is boven de lijnen ook een stip te zien. “Het onderzoek, dat werd uitgevoerd met behulp van een hemelkaart en een foto genomen bij daglicht vanuit dezelfde slaapkamer, bracht aan het licht dat de stip de planeet Mars was”, verduidelijkt Frederick. “Daaruit kon ook de positie van de lichtlijnen worden afgeleid. Het bleek te gaan om reflecties van omgevingslicht op het raamkozijn van het dakvenster van de buren.”
8. De vlinder die te dicht kwam (Wilrijk, 27 juli)
“De vrouw die ons deze melding doorstuurde, ontdekte pas in november dat er zich een merkwaardig object bevond op een foto die ze op 27 juli van een bijzondere wolkenpartij had gemaakt. Ze gelooft zelf niet in UFO’s, maar volgens enkele van haar vrienden kan het alleen maar een UFO geweest zijn. Wij zien echter een vlinder”, glimlacht Frederick.
Op 20 november ontving het meldpunt een merkwaardige foto van een team van architecten, gevestigd in één van de hoogste flatgebouwen op Antwerpen Linkeroever. Volgens de melder was er een UFO op te zien. Meer info werd er niet verstrekt, behalve dan dat de UFO werd opgemerkt tijdens het middageten en ongeveer een half uur lang zichtbaar was geweest. Op 24 november volgden nog achttien foto’s van hetzelfde verschijnsel, nadat een aantal extra vragen naar het architectenteam was verstuurd. “Dat gaf een heel ander plaatje”, vertelt Frederick. “Een van de foto’s bevat een merkwaardig detail: aan de linkerkant van het object zijn twee uitsteeksels te zien. Waarschijnlijkheid zijn het de handvatten van een doorschijnende of witte pedaalemmerzak, zoals op de afbeelding rechts. Dit soort wegwerpzakken vinden we overal. Ze zijn bijzonder licht en worden makkelijk door de wind opgetild en meegevoerd. Dat de zak een half uur boven dezelfde plaats bleef rondcirkelen, verklaart zich doordat de zwakke westelijke wind loodrecht inbeukte op de twee flatgebouwen die de achtergrond van de foto’s uitmaken.”
Ontmoet Spot, de robothond die reeds schapen hoedde in Nieuw-Zeeland, wordt ingezet door de New York City Police Department (NYPD) en binnenkort ook Mars zal verkennen.
Spot is van Amerikaanse makelij en werd ontworpen door het bedrijf Boston Dynamics. Hij staat op vier poten en kan dus ook trappen lopen. Hij heeft een 360 gradenzicht waarmee hij hindernissen kan vermijden. Bovendien kan de robot worden ingezet op plaatsen waar robots op wielen niet geraken. En dat maakt het stalen beest net zo interessant voor het Amerikaanse ruimtevaartagentschap NASA.
Tot nu toe werden er vier robots met wielen naar de rode planeet gestuurd, een kleine beperking gezien zulke robots enkel de relatief vlakke delen van Mars kunnen verkennen. Omdat Spot op vier poten loopt, geniet hij een grotere vrijheid en kan hij het nog onbekende terrein in beeld brengen.
Om dat mogelijk te maken, werd de robothond nog uitgerust met een nieuw sensorenpakket, een warmtebeeldcamera en aangepaste software opdat hij gegevens naar de aarde kun sturen.
Doel van de missie
Wat moet Spot nu concreet gaan doen op Mars? Men vermoedt dat er op Mars ondergrondse lavagrotten zijn. Zulke grotten zijn ontstaan door (uitgedoofde) lavastromen en zouden een geschikte verblijfplaats kunnen vormen voor de mens, eenmaal er sprake is van permanente bewoning op Mars.
GERELATEERDE VIDEO'S, selected and posted by peter2011
I found a few objects on Earths moon using the NASA LROC moon map. The first object is a diamond shaped grey metal craft with a hump on its upper center. The hump has dark areas going across it that look like windows. Also the hump...when I add extreme focus...has 4 antennae like objects coming out of it. Bob Lazar did say that the classic disk he worked on in Area S4 had a single antenna for balance and controlling direction. This is much larger, so makes sense it has more.
Also found something that looks like a structure, not a built structure but a grown structure. Thats the reason its more fungi in appearance.
NASA deliberately added too much light making these objects almost invisible. However with just a little adjustments of adding sharpening and contrast...the truth stands in front of us.
Also a third craft, fungi like so it must be biomechnical...that means the ship was grown. Aliens are lazy...I can't emphasis that enough. They really don't want to do the work and want things done the easiest way possible. This is 100% proof that humanity is still in the dark about the truth of alien life.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:Ruins, strange artifacts on other planets, moons, ed ( Fr, EN, NL )
Cloaked Device causes Sky Phenomenon over Florida
Cloaked Device causes Sky Phenomenon over Florida
On January 2, 2021, a resident of Pembroke Pine in Florida noticed strange lights in the sky through the clouds yet it was a clear night. While filming the sky phenomenon the lights changed color and shape.
Initially thinking that the sky phenomenon was something natural like an aurora, also called northern lights, a natural light display in the Earth's sky, but after re-viewing the images it turns out that these lights were caused by a cloaked rectangular device. Mufon.
The image above shows a cloaked rectangular device below such a green light.
Boston Dynamics, one of the leading global mobile robot developers, has recently released a video showing their highly popular robot lineup in action. In tackling some of the toughest robotics challenges, the company wanted to show the public just exactly what they’ve been up to lately. In the video below, Atlas, their humanoid robot, Spot, the dog-shaped robot, and Handle, the box-juggling robot, took center stage as The Countours “Do You Love Me” began to play. The dance that happened next needs to be seen to be believed.
BACKGROUND
Initially founded in 1992 after breaking off from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston Dynamics’ goal is to “combine the principles of dynamic control and balance with sophisticated mechanical designs, cutting-edge electronics, and next-generation software for high-performance robots equipped with perception, navigation, and intelligence.”
Their first major success came with its dog-like quadrupedal robots developed for DARPA, the Defense Department’s research and development organization. This would evolve into the commercialized version of the Spot robot, which is currently on the market.
In 2018, Boston Dynamics showcased the Spot robot attempting to do “The Running Man” dance to the popular song, “Uptown Funk.” The new video shows how far the company has come with all of the mobility issues they may have had in the past and how much the robots have evolved.
ANALYSIS
The purpose of showing off the “dancing robots” is two-fold for Boston Dynamics.
The first highlights the organic quality of stable motion that humans often associate with natural movement but implemented in robots with legs. Unlike wheeled or track robots, these robots can navigate and overcome the challenges of obstacles and rugged terrain with this dynamic mobility.
The second reason for showing off the smooth, perfectly choreographed dance chops of the robots is to bring fun to autonomous robots’ evolution. Many videos of these robots have left people feeling uncomfortable due to their rigid movements and focused tenacity at completing tasks.
Boston Dynamics wanted to go into the New Year with some light-hearted fun in an attempt to show how much their robots have evolved. On their official Twitter account, they stated that “Our whole crew got together to celebrate the start of what we hope will be a happier year.”
OUTLOOK
Currently, the “Dancing Robots” video has racked up over 20 million views on YouTube, showing no signs of slowing down. And neither do the robots or their creators. Boston Dynamics plans on posting more videos of the robots dancing. And while Spot is the only robot currently on the market, the prototypes of both Atlas and Handle are well on their way to becoming the next dance sensations.
With one of the most unusual and tumultuous years behind us, these three robots indeed show that anything is possible as we move forward. That is, of course, before the Terminator-like invasion begins to the soundtrack Dirty Dancing.
On Tuesday, December 1st, Elon Musk, CEO of SpaceX, said that he is confident that his company will be launching a crew to Mars by 2026 and teased that it could even be sooner.
Musk had been awarded the annual Axel Springer Award, which company representatives explained is “given to outstanding personalities who are particularly innovative, and who generate and change markets, influence culture and at the same time face up to their responsibility to society.” During the discussion, Musk also announced that an unmanned probe is set to head to the red planet by 2022.
Background
Founded in 2002, SpaceX designs, manufactures, and launches advanced rockets and spacecraft. SpaceX rockets and spacecraft were initially built to become reusable launch vehicles. Although a private company, Musk’s SpaceX also launches commercial and government payloads, including the recently launched Dragon spacecraft, to send NASA astronauts to the International Space Station. Now, their sights are set on Mars with a brand new vehicle known as the SpaceX Starship.
Analysis
The SpaceX Starship prototype is about 170 feet tall. It will be attached to a giant rocket known as Super Heavy, both of which will be reusable. Super Heavy will return to Earth, while Starship will fly to Mars and back to Earth by using a powerful launch system built directly into the spacecraft.
While SpaceX continues their development and testing phases for both Starship and Super Heavy, Musk stressed at the award ceremony that his “main focus is to ensure the technology is in place to allow a lot of people to go to Mars and make life interplanetary,” and that he thinks “it’s important that we aspire to have a self-sustaining city on Mars as soon as possible.”
“I want to help humanity become a multi-planet species,” he explained. With the recent SpaceX launch of Crew-1 and their working relationship with NASA firmly established, we may become Martians much sooner than we ever could have dreamed.
John Keel and the Men in Black: The Strange Side of Project Blue Book
John Keel and the Men in Black: The Strange Side of Project Blue Book
During the 1960s, American author and UFO researcher John Keel had a problem: it involved reports of Men in Black, the mysterious strangers in dark suits said to appear after UFO sightings and intimidate witnesses.
Over the years, Keel told of arriving at the homes of UFO witnesses only a short time after they had been visited by these odd individuals, who were often described as having an olive complexion and stiff, almost robotic demeanor. The men were known for asking strange questions, and in some instances, the Men in Black even acted in an angry or threatening manner toward witnesses they approached.
John Keel pictured in 1985 with Jacques Vallee at an event in Costa Rica (Credit: Doug Skinner/JohnKeel.com).
Keel, unable to prove who the Men in Black (MIBs) were, nonetheless viewed these strangers as a focal point of the UFO mystery. “I realized that I would never be able to catch a flying saucer,” Keel wrote in his book The Eighth Tower, “but if the MIB were real, and the testimony of many people indicated they were, I might be able to head them off at some cosmic pass, and force their big black automobile to the side of the road.”
On a few occasions, Keel said he observed the “phantom Cadillacs” that he believed to have belonged to the Men in Black. Once on Long Island, he told of receiving an anonymous phone call he recieved which resulted in him confronting and chasing one of the cars, only to have had it disappear inexplicably on a dead-end road. Keel described these “phantom” automobiles as having “sinister-looking” passengers, who often had a foreign appearance.
So who were these ominous observers of the UFO phenomenon? Are stories of “Men in Black” really just folklore that has been built onto some of the unusual characters that ran in UFO circles throughout the 1960s? Or could some of them have a more down-to-earth explanation, which might even involve investigations by the U.S. Air Force during the years of Project Blue Book?
A selection from Keel’s handwritten notes on an MIB talk he gave at the third meeting of the New York Fortean Society on January 23, 1988 (Credit: Doug Skinner/John Keel.com).
In at least a few cases, it appears that some individuals Keel described as Men in Black in his books over the years turned up in other situations and were able to be identified. One notable example is a MIB Keel gave the nickname “Tiny”, who had a penchant for odd mannerisms and wearing a Russian-style fur hat. After Keel wrote about this “MIB” in his book The Mothman Prophecies, Charles Bowen, editor of Flying Saucer Review, wrote to Keel noting that a man possessing the same unmistakable characteristics came to visit him in the United Kingdom. Unlike in previous instances Keel had written about, his name was well known to Bowen. “Tiny” even stayed with the Bowen family during his short stay in England, who Bowen said “regarded him rather as they might do a cobra, and expressed a feeling of repugnance” toward him.
Another instance where Keel wrote about a visit from an alleged MIB appeared in chapter two of The Mothman Prophecies, titled “The Creep Who Came in from the Cold.” In it, Keel describes an incident that took place in May 1967, where a purported MIB visited a Mrs. Ralph Butler of Owatonna, Minnesota. In this famous case, which Keel would refer to many times over the years in his lectures and other appearances, the MIB in question attempted to pick up a bowl of Jell-O and drink it:
“Did you ever hear of anyone—especially an air force officer—trying to drink Jell-O?” [Butler] asked. “Well, that’s what he did. He acted like he had never seen any before. He picked up the bowl and tried to drink it. I had to show him how to eat it with a spoon.”
In this case, the MIB introduced himself as “Major Richard French of the U.S. Air Force,” and was said to have arrived in a white Ford Mustang. He was wearing civilian clothes, described later to John Keel as a “neat gray suit,” and that “everything else he was wearing appeared to be brand-new,” including the un-scuffed soles of his shoes. Mrs. Butler told Keel that French was “about five feet nine inches tall, with an olive complexion and a pointed face. His hair was dark and very long—too long for an air force officer.” Mrs. Butler found him to be a fluent conversationalist until at one point he complained of having stomach trouble. “When Mrs. Butler offered him the Jell-O,” Keel notes of the bizarre visit, “she suspected for the first time that something was out of kilter.”
Keel rather bluntly asserted that “Major Richard French” was not at all who he claimed to be:
Richard French was an imposter. One of the many wandering around the United States in 1967. For years these characters had caused acute paranoia among the flying saucer enthusiasts, convincing them that the air force was investigating them, silencing witnesses and indulging in all kinds of unsavory activities—including murder. When I first began collecting such reports I was naturally suspicious of the people making such reports. It all seemed like a massive put-on. But gradually it became apparent that the same minute details were turning up in widely separated cases, and none of these details had been published anywhere … not even in the little newsletters of the UFO cultists.
So who was Richard French, and is it possible that this MIB “impostor” might have actually been with the U.S. Air Force?
A panel of the comic strip “Our Space Age,” written by Otto Binder and illustrated by Carl Pfeufer, was distributed from 1960 to 1969, and occasionally featured material based on Keel’s work (Credit: Bell-McClure Syndicate/JohnKeel.com).
Decades later, answers to these questions might have turned up unexpectedly at the Citizens Hearing on Disclosure, an event held at the National Press Club in Washington in 2013. According to the event’s website, “Forty researchers along with military/agency/political persons of high rank and station came to the National Press Club in Washington, DC to testify to six former members of the United States Congress.”
A Washington Post article that covered the event noted that a retired Air Force colonel now in his 80s had been one of the men who testified at the event, describing him thusly:
“An Air Force colonel now in his 80s, Richard French, claimed to have been responsible for covering UFOs up. “I’d say it was swamp gas. Anything we could come up with to convince the general public. At that time there was an average of about three a week ufos… I went down there observed ’em just regularly.”
“Why is it now that you’re at the table?” asked former congresswoman Carolyn Kilpatrick.
“PROBABLY IT’S BECAUSE I’M IN MY 80s,” French said.
A Huffington Post article by Lee Spiegel also discussed the testimony French gave at the event in 2013, referring to him as, ”an alleged lead investigator of Project Blue Book in the 1950s.”
As Spiegel wrote at the time:
In Washington, D.C., recently, the 83-year-old retired officer testified at the Citizen Hearing On Disclosure panel of six former members of Congress about his work as a UFO debunker in 1952. French recounted how the Newfoundland incident unfolded decades ago, in the early 1950s, after two UFOs were seen by many people off the coast of St. John’s. French’s superiors ordered him to look into the situation.
Lt. Col. Richard French, pictured in 2016
(Credit: Nadine Y. Barclay/USAF/Public Domain).
Even prior to his appearance at the 2013 Citizen’s Hearing and subsequent media attention he received, a photo which appears to show a young lieutenant French in Air Force uniform was featured in a 2012 OpenMinds article, where writer and editor Antonio Huneeus expressed some skepticism about French’s claims about UFO investigations during the Blue Book era. However, what can be verified about French, according to records that were uncovered by Huneeus, is that he participated in Air Force operations including more than 600 missions during conflicts including the Korean War. French had also worked with the Air Force Office of Special Investigations (OSI), which was later referred to by ufologist Bill Moore as the agency from which many modern urban legends about “Men in Black” may have their origin.
According to Keel, several of the Men in Black had likely been posing as “military officers,” but serving the actual purpose of confusing the public, as well as ridiculing and intimidating UFO witnesses. In light of French’s claims in 2013 that he had once served as a UFO “debunker” for Project Blue Book, perhaps Keel was partially right: French may not have been a full-blown impostor, but if his claims are true, he certainly had been working to cover up the extent that UFO sightings were occurring in America at that time.
In any case, it seems that another of John Keel’s famous “MIBs” from the late 1960s has been positively identified, and very likely had been involved in UFO investigations undertaken by the U.S. Air Force at that time.
For more information about John Keel and his work, visit JohnKeel.com, a website maintained by Keel’s longtime friend Doug Skinner.
This article originally appeared in the TSL Telepath Newsletter.
ALL RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011
In May last year NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine announced the agency will collaborate with Hollywood action movie actor Tom Cruise to film a movie at the International Space Station (ISS). “NASA is excited to work with Tom Cruise on a film aboard the Space Station! We need popular media to inspire a new generation of engineers and scientists to make NASA’s ambitious plans a reality,” Bridenstine stated via Twitter – “Should be a lot of fun!” the founder of SpaceX Elon Musk said in response. Cruise will launch aboard SpaceX’s Crew Dragon spacecraft, that will be launched into orbit atop the company’s Falcon 9 rocket.
Tom Cruise’s flight is managed by Axiom Space, a start-up from Houston, Texas, founded by Michael Suffredini who served as NASA’s Space Station Program Manager from 2005 to 2015. Axiom offers space tours for civilians to visit ISS. The company also has ambitious plans to build a space station in low Earth orbit to continue operations once NASA retires the ISS program and moves beyond the orbiting laboratory to focus operations on the lunar surface.
Axiom signed a deal with SpaceX to launch a crew of four passengers aboard SpaceX’s Crew Dragon spacecraft. Among the four passengers are Tom Cruise, film producer Doug Liman, and Israeli fighter pilot Eytan Stibbe; They will fly alongside NASA Astronaut Michael Lopez-Alegria, who will be mission commander. During the mission called 'AX-1', they will embark on a 10-day voyage to the Space Station and experience beautiful views of Earth. The AX-1 space tour is currently scheduled for October. “… Thanks to Axiom and their support from NASA, privately crewed missions will have unprecedented access to the space station, furthering the commercialization of space and helping usher in a new era of human exploration,” the President of SpaceX Gwynne Shotwell stated.
Axiom did not release details on how much it will pay SpaceX to fly its four-person crew to the orbiting laboratory this year. However, Dragon has a price-tag of around $55 million per seat, and NASA said last year it opened a path for commercial trips to the Space Station, stating it would charge $35,000 per person per day for private stays.
How life originated on Earth continues to fascinate scientists, but it's not easy peering back billions of years into the past. Now, evidence is growing for a relatively new hypothesis of how life began: with a very precise mix of RNA and DNA.
RNA and DNA both determine the genetic make-up of all biological life, with DNA acting as a genetic blueprint and RNA as a blueprint reader or decoder. For a long time, it was thought that RNA developed on Earth first, with DNA evolving afterwards – but mounting evidence suggests they may have emerged at the same time and both been involved in kickstarting life on the planet.
The latest study to back up this idea explains how the simple compound diamidophosphate (DAP) – which may have predated life on Earth – can knit together DNA building blocks called deoxynucleosides into basic DNA strands.
"This finding is an important step toward the development of a detailed chemical model of how the first life forms originated on Earth," says chemist Ramanarayanan Krishnamurthy form Scripps Research in California.
The findings add credence to the idea that both DNA and RNA developed together from the same sort of chemical reactions at the beginning of life on our planet, and that the first self-replicating molecules could have been mixes of both these nucleic acids – not just RNA, as suggested in the more established 'RNA world' hypothesis.
One of the big issues with the idea that RNA alone gave rise to life on Earth is how RNA was able to go through the necessary self-replication process – RNA usually requires enzymes to split, which evolved after RNA.
From what we know so far, it seems that RNA had some kind of helping hand in engineering life – and the latest experiments show that DNA could well have been it, creating "chimeric" molecular strands that can separate more easily than RNA alone.
The series of lab tests run by the researchers simulated what might have happened before the beginnings of life on Earth, and show how DAP could have feasibly formed basic DNA in much the same way as RNA can come together from chemical building blocks.
"We found, to our surprise, that using DAP to react with deoxynucleosides works better when the deoxynucleosides are not all the same but are instead mixes of different DNA letters such as A and T, or G and C, like real DNA," says chemical biologist Eddy Jiménez, from Scripps Research.
We may never know for sure whether DNA helped RNA to form the first lifeforms on our planet, considering this happened billions of years ago, but our understanding of these processes continues to develop.
The research isn't just useful in terms of how it relates to the origins of life, either – insight into the RNA-DNA relationship can have a whole host of applications in modern chemistry and biology.
"Now that we understand better how a primordial chemistry could have made the first RNAs and DNAs, we can start using it on mixes of ribonucleoside and deoxynucleoside building blocks to see what chimeric molecules are formed – and whether they can self-replicate and evolve," says Krishnamurthy.
Professor Abraham Loeb and a rendering of 'Oumuamua.
NY Post photo composite
When the first sign of intelligent life first visits us from space, it won’t be a giant saucer hovering over New York. More likely, it will be an alien civilization’s trash.
Avi Loeb, the chair of Harvard’s Department of Astronomy, believes he’s already found some of that garbage.
In his upcoming book, “Extraterrestrial: The First Sign of Intelligent Life Beyond Earth” (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt), out Jan. 26, the professor lays out a compelling case for why an object that recently wandered into our solar system was not just another rock but actually a piece of alien technology.
The object in question traveled toward our solar system from the direction of Vega, a nearby star 25 light-years away, and intercepted our solar system’s orbital plane on Sept. 6, 2017.
On Sept. 9, its trajectory brought it closest to the sun. At the end of September, it blasted at about 58,900 miles per hour past Venus’ orbital distance, and then, on Oct. 7, it shot past Earth’s before “moving swiftly toward the constellation Pegasus and the blackness beyond,” Loeb writes in the book.
The object was first spotted by an observatory in Hawaii containing the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS) — the highest definition telescope on earth.
The space object was dubbed ‘Oumuamua (pronounced “oh moo ah moo ah”), which is Hawaiian for — roughly — “scout.”
As space travelers go, it was relatively small at just about 100 yards long, but it was a big deal in the scientific community.
For starters, it was the first interstellar object ever detected inside our solar system. Judging from the object’s trajectory, astronomers concluded it was not bound by the sun’s gravity — which suggested it was just traveling through.
No crisp photos could be taken, but astronomers were able to train their telescopes on the object for 11 days, collecting reams of other data.
The Observatory on Haleakala, Maui, which contains the world’s most powerful telescope, caught the image of ‘Oumuamua.Rob Ratkowski/PS1SC
At first, scientists thought it was an ordinary comet. But Loeb said that assumption ran the risk of allowing “the familiar to define what we might discover.”
“What would happen if a caveman saw a cellphone?” he asked. “He’s seen rocks all his life, and he would have thought it was just a shiny rock.”
Loeb soon opened his mind to another possibility: It was not a comet but discarded tech from an alien civilization.
A number of unusual properties about the object helped Loeb make this conclusion.
First were ‘Oumuamua’s dimensions.
Astronomers looked at the way the object reflected sunlight. Its brightness varied tenfold every eight hours, suggesting that was the amount of time it took for it to complete a full rotation.
Scientists concluded the object was at least five to ten times longer than it was wide — sort of like the shape of a cigar.
No naturally occurring space body we’ve ever seen has looked like it — or even close.
“This would make ‘Oumuamua’s geometry more extreme by at least a few times in aspect ratio — or its width to its height — than the most extreme asteroids or comets that we have ever seen,” Loeb writes in his book.
What’s more, ‘Oumuamua was unusually bright. It was at least “ten times more reflective than typical solar system [stony] asteroids or comets,” the author writes.
He likens its surface to that of shiny metal.
But the anomaly that really pushed Loeb toward his E.T. hypothesis was the way ‘Oumuamua moved.
“The excess push away from the sun — that was the thing that broke the camel’s back,” he said.
Using physics, scientists can calculate the exact path an object should take and what speed it should travel due to the gravitational force exerted by the sun. The sun’s pull will speed up an object massively as it gets closer, then kick it out the other side, only for the object to slow considerably as it gets farther away.
Combined telescope image of the first interstellar object `Oumuamua, circled in blue as an unresolved point source at the center. It is surrounded by the trails of faint stars, each smeared into a series of dots as the telescope snapshots tracked the moving `Oumuamua.ESO/K. Meech
But ‘Oumuamua didn’t follow this calculated trajectory. The object, in fact, accelerated “slightly, but to a highly statistically significant extent,” Loeb writes, as it moved away from the sun.
In other words, it was clearly being pushed by a force besides the sun’s gravity alone.
At first the explanation seemed simple. Comets show a similar acceleration, because as they approach the sun, their surface is warmed, releasing once-frozen gases, which act like a rocket engine.
Those released materials, however, form a comet’s distinctive tail. Scientists looked carefully for that tail or any sign of gases or dust that might propel ‘Oumuamua and came up empty.
Loeb calculated that with these and other anomalies, the chances that ‘Oumuamua was some random comet was around one in a quadrillion, leading him to his blockbuster hypothesis.
But what was it exactly?
One possibility, weirdly enough, could be found in technology we already have here on earth.
Some 400 years ago, astronomer Johannes Kepler observed comet tails blowing in what looked like a solar breeze and wondered if that same force could propel rocket ships through space like the wind pushes boats through water.
It was a smart idea that scientists now use to develop light sails for probes. Thin, reflective sheeting is unfurled in space to capture the particles streaming off the sun, propelling a ship at great speeds through the empty void. Alternatively, powerful lasers from earth could be aimed at the sail to make it go even faster.
Artist’s impression of possible shapes for `Oumuamua. Some experts believe it’s cigar shaped (above right) but Loeb contends it looks more like a sail (left).Mark Garlick/Science Photo Library
Loeb, who is involved in a light-sail project to send a tiny, unmanned craft to a nearby star, said if we earthlings have thought of this idea, then why couldn’t aliens?
He and a colleague crunched the numbers and hypothesized that ‘Oumuamua was not actually cigar-shaped but possibly a disk less than a millimeter thick, with sail-like proportions that would account for its unusual acceleration as it moved away from the sun.
As to its purpose, Loeb isn’t entirely sure. He speculated it could be “space junk” that once served as a kind of space navigation buoy used by a long-ago civilization.
“The only way to look for [alien civilizations] is to look for their trash, like investigative journalists who look through celebrities’ trash,” Loeb said.
Of course, not everyone in the scientific community agrees with his theory.
In July 2019, the ‘Oumuamua Team of the International Space Science Institute published an article in Nature Astronomy concluding, “We find no compelling evidence to favor an alien explanation for ‘Oumuamua.”
Loeb admits his theories have raised astronomers’ eyebrows, but he is resolute about his findings. “Some people do not want to discuss the possibility that there are other civilizations out there,” he told The Post. “They believe we are special and unique. I think it’s a prejudice that should be abandoned.”
‘Some people do not want to discuss the possibility that there are other civilizations out there.’
Avi Loeb, Harvard astronomer and author of “Extraterrestrial”
Loeb said the skeptics are bending over backwards to assign natural origins to the object and that the explanations they’ve given to explain its weird properties don’t stand up to scrutiny.
For example, some scientists have suggested that ‘Oumuamua’s acceleration was caused by frozen hydrogen on its surface turning to gas and driving it like a comet, and that hydrogen would have been invisible to Earth’s infrared cameras, which is why we didn’t detect it.
But Loeb and a colleague published a paper showing that “a hydrogen iceberg traveling through interstellar space would evaporate long before it reached our solar system.”
Whatever the truth, the stakes are high.
The acceptance that an alien race has made contact — even through its trash — would trigger a serious search for more trash, leading us to scour the moon and Mars, for example, for debris that might have crash-landed thousands or millions of years ago.
And if more evidence is found, we earthlings would have to start building tools to help us grapple with extraterrestrials, such as space treaties and academic fields like astro-linguistics and astro-economics.
But, perhaps more important, any further discoveries could redefine our place in the universe.
“It would put us in perspective,” Loeb said. “If we are not alone, are we the smartest kids on the block? If there was a species that eliminated itself through war or changing the climate, we can get our act together and behave better. Instead, we are wasting a lot of resources on Earth fighting each other and other negative things that are a big waste.”
Since ‘Oumuamua’s appearance, a second interstellar object known as 2I/Borisov was spotted entering the solar system by a Crimean telescope in 2019. But that turned out to be a plain old comet.
Until recently, our instruments have not been sensitive enough to pick up these kinds of visitors. But Loeb said technology will soon make it possible to locate more space travelers, and the only way the mystery of ‘Oumuamua will be settled is if a similar object is spotted and more thoroughly investigated with a probe.
He said his book “should motivate people to collect more data on the next object that looks weird.”
“If we find another and we take a photo and it looks like a light sail, I don’t think anyone will argue with that.”
Harvard-professor: Iets buitenaards bezocht ons in 2017
Een object dat recentelijk door ons zonnestelsel zoefde, was geen ruimterots, maar een stuk buitenaardse technologie. Dat beweert de gerenommeerde Harvard-professor Avi Loeb in een boek dat op 26 januari uitkomt, schrijft de New York Post.
Het object kwam uit de richting van Wega, een ster op 25 lichtjaar afstand, en werd in 2017 ontdekt. Op 7 oktober dat jaar schoot het langs de aarde, om vervolgens met bijna 100.000 kilometer per uur richting het sterrenbeeld Pegasus te verdwijnen.
Het ruimteobject kreeg de naam Oumuamua, wat Hawaiiaans is voor ‘verkenner’. Het betrof het eerste interstellaire object dat ooit in ons zonnestelsel is ontdekt. In eerste instantie dachten wetenschappers dat het een doodgewone komeet was. Professor Loeb had een andere theorie: het was geen komeet, maar een afgedankt stuk schroot van een buitenaardse beschaving.
Loeb kwam tot deze conclusie omdat het object een aantal ongewone eigenschappen heeft. Het veranderde in helderheid, zag eruit als een sigaar en was ongewoon helder. “We hebben nog nooit een ruimtelichaam ontdekt dat er zo uitzag.” De professor kwam ook tot de ontdekking dat het object werd ‘voortgedreven door een bepaalde kracht’.
De kans dat Oumuamua een willekeurige komeet was, is volgens professor Loeb één op een biljard. Hij zegt dat het object in werkelijkheid de vorm heeft van een schijf. Het zou kunnen gaan om een lichtzeil, een onderdeel van een ruimtevaartuig zonder eigen aandrijving. Loeb vermoedt dat het een stuk ‘ruimteafval’ is dat lang geleden door een beschaving is gebruikt om te navigeren in de ruimte.
In 2019 heeft een telescoop op de Krim een tweede interstellair object gespot in ons zonnestelsel. Dat object, 2I/Borisov geheten, bleek wel een komeet te zijn. Tot voor kort waren onze instrumenten niet gevoelig genoeg om dergelijke bezoekers te detecteren. Loeb zei dat het binnenkort mogelijk zal zijn om meer ruimtereizigers te vinden.
White Disk Over Nairobi, Kenya Jan 3, 2021, UFO Sighting News.
White Disk Over Nairobi, Kenya Jan 3, 2021, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Jan 3, 2021 Location of sighting: Nairobi, Kenya
I spoke to the eyewitness and he recorded this white craft moving in and out of the clouds above. He thought it might be the Google Loon wifi balloon but said it was a best guess. He also said it could be a UFO or even a shopping bag that got loose. However I dismissed the bag idea right away and the Google Loon project ballon should be carrying a transmitter that is about 1.5 meters across square shaped...I do not see it having from this white object. I believe this is a very large and alien craft that is taking a very close scan and recording the inhabitants of Nairobi. Fantastic and exciting proof that aliens were over Kenya Today!
NOAA is reporting that the weather satellite has caught some rings in the clouds on Nov 20, 2020, but I cant say thats true. As I see it, there are no rings. I see no holes or rings at all, but instead what I see are long grey smooth objects that resemble alien ships. Yes you heard me right. These look like an entire armada of alien ships that are in earths clouds hiding until they get to the perfect location over the ocean to descend and move to an under ocean alien base. These UFOs are several miles across so they are huge, but not the biggest ship ever seen before. I made a close up of one of them at the beginning of the video, then gets further away and last 20 seconds is original untouched for you to compare. 100% proof that alien ships are in our clouds and often get dismissed due to insignificant data of what they really are. It also doesnt help when people give up so easily and assume they are just clouds. Things like that really make us the laughing stock of the universe.
What kind of object could this have been? It looks like a glowing circle attached to a solid object passes the Sun.
Could it be that this fast moving object is just a reflection of the planet Venus? (Bright object below the glowing circle).
However, if it is a reflection of Venus then why is it moving much faster than the planet? Camera reflection or it could be that this glowing object is of extraterrestrial origin?
US Pilot Saw 9 UFOs Of Extraterrestrial Origins, Flying At 1,700 Km/Hr A Month Before Roswell Incident
US Pilot Saw 9 UFOs Of Extraterrestrial Origins, Flying At 1,700 Km/Hr A Month Before Roswell Incident
On June 24, 1947, pilot Kenneth Arnold saw nine strange bright blue-white disc-shaped objects, flying in a “V” formation in the sky above Mount Rainier, Washington. They were unlike any other aircraft, moving at a speed of 1,700 kilometers per hour.
Arnold was an experienced pilot with more than 9000 hours of flying time. In the search of Marine Corps C-46 transport plane, he left his flight plan (Chehalis to Yakima, Washington) that was reportedly somewhere down on the slope of Mount Rainier. Unfortualnetly, he did not find anything there and then returned to his flight plan.
Pilot Kenneth Arnold
According to him, it was a normal afternoon with a clear view when he was flying at an altitude of 9,200 feet. He suddenly saw nine strange flying objects for about three and a half minutes before they disappeared at great speed. Their speed was estimated at about 1,700 km/hr.
As Arnold returned to Yakima, he immediately visited the editorial office of a local newspaper to tell the press what he had just seen. It was the first time when the term “flying saucers” was introduced to the world.
Arnold’s observation was partially confirmed by a prospector named Fred Johnson at Mount Adams. On June 24, Fred also saw six unexplained objects through his telescope at about the same time as Arnold.
Kenneth Arnold and His Airplane
According to Fred, the objects were oval in shape. He also noted that his compass had been disturbed by the UFOs. AAF (US Army Air Forces) found his claim credible, and they rejected Arnold’s claim calling it a mirage.
When a reporter named Bill Bequette asked Arnold about the movement of the mysterious objects during an interview, Arnold said: “they flew erratic, like a saucer if you skip it across the water.”
But Arnold insisted that the objects he had seen were not round, but most of all resembled fighter jets without tails. The original sketch made by Arnold, however, only reinforced the delusion, since it was not done very well, and the object in it really resembled a disk.
The original sketch of UFO by Kenneth Arnold
However, later, a more detailed sketch was created by a professional artist that depicted objects exactly seen by Arnold that day.
American journalist and UFO researcher, Philip J. Klass claimed that Arnold had seen meteors falling in the atmosphere. According to him, the rapidly falling debris of a meteor could glow brightly, creating an effect similar to the reflection of the sun from a metal surface. But Arnold refused his theory because what he had seen flew parallel to the earth’s surface.
Kenneth Arnold UFO case was considered as the first widely spread UFO sighting in the history of Ufology
Skeptic ufologist James Easton stated that Arnold had seen only a flock of pelicans, and the up and down jumps and metallic sheen were explained by the streams of hot air flowing over the mountains and creating mirages. But his version also did not explain the incredibly high speed of the objects, as birds cannot fly at the speed of 1,700 km/hr.
Arnold was not the only person who managed to see a “flying saucer” in the sky over the USA. In the 1940s, mysterious objects in the sky were reported by civilians, military pilots and airline personnel.
In July 1947, the wreckage of something suspiciously reminiscent of one of those “flying saucers” was found by William Brazel near his property. He lived near Roswell and showed samples of the strange aircraft to the local sheriff. He handed them over to the US Air Force.
Retired USAF Soldier Worked As E.T. Interpreter, Buried Alien Craft Piece, Crashed In 1973
Retired USAF Soldier Worked As E.T. Interpreter, Buried Alien Craft Piece, Crashed In 1973
A retired sergeant Clifford Stone, who served in the US Army from 1968 to 1990, claimed that he had been a part of a secret elite group that was assigned to recover the crashed UFO or E.T. parts, alien bodies, and artifacts. Besides, he said that intelligent life had been visiting our planet in highly advanced crafts that are capable of covering many light-years in less time that is beyond modern human knowledge
In an interview with Michael E. Salla, Clifford said that the US military and an Air Force Captain used to visit him on regular basis in his childhood, encouraging him to join the military.
Retired sergeant Clifford Stone interviewed by Dr. Steven M. Greer
Initially, he was assigned to the NBC Team (nuclear, biological, and chemical retrieval and abatement detail) at Fort McClellan Army post in Alabama and did some regular assignments until he was called for retrieval duties. He was reportedly out for a week when the army required him for UFO retrievals. Besides, his army service record was manipulated and excluded all his UFO recovery activities, showing him as a typist.
To support his claims, Stone cleverly disclosed the existence of classified projects such as Moon Dust and Blue Fly, that had been created to hide the UFOs’ debris by using Freedom of Information Acts.
Stone revealed in his several interviews that during the 1960s, the US army had been in contact with over 57 different E.T. races that had been visiting Earth for a very long time. He said that many species looked like humans, but their eyes were slightly larger and had black iris. According to him, extraterrestrial species contacted only through telepathy and could even read minds.
In 1973, Stone was involved in the retrieval of a crashed UFO. He hid a small metallic piece of UFO in his shoe and buried it near his property in New Mexico, Nevada, after his retirement in 1989.
He said: “Yes, I have it and wouldn’t dare to keep it in the house. I had it here to show some people where I kept it, a day longer than I should have and then somebody actually came here and tried to take it. That was some tense moments, I almost shot somebody that day.”
Sgt. Clifford Stone with Paola Harris
Italo-American photojournalist and UFO researcher Paola Harris wrote in her book, “Eyes Only: The Story of Clifford Stone and UFO Crash Retrievals” about his childhood E.T. friend named Korona who looked like a human and was with Stone to understand human emotions.
Further, she talked about Stone’s alien encounter in Vietnam, where he helped aliens to escape from military custody, as he cared for the rights of extraterrestrials who visit Earth.
Sgt. Clifford Stone claimed that he had been good at communicating with the ETs found at the crash sites or in an encounter with his military team. Once, his team fired a bullet at ET, but they deflected it with some advanced technology. He also mentioned the teleport techniques of ETs when he found himself hundreds of feet from his initial position.
Stone also claimed that there are many alien groups that visit our solar system and also Earth, but when humans learned how to detect their crafts, they limited their visits but did not stop.
He had no intention to benefit from his claims and evidence and no desire to gain publicity. His only desire was to let the US citizens know the truth about the UFOs and extraterrestrial hypothesis (ETH), that these are interplanetary spacecraft.
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Triangle formation filmed over Simi Valley, California 1-Jan-2021
Triangle formation filmed over Simi Valley, California 1-Jan-2021
Unknown bright lights in triangular formation were seen and recorded in the sky above the city of Simi Valley, in the eponymous valley, is in the southeast corner of Ventura County, California. This happened on 1st January 2021.
Witness report:
Just after midnight on New Year’s Day I went onto my second floor balcony and immediately saw multiple unidentified aerial phenomenon. Being New Year’s Eve there was a lot of visual and audible activity (fireworks, noisemakers, etc), but what I saw did not fit anything I could identify. The multiple glowing red craft would appear from behind some hills to my south, then hover, increase altitude and turn to the west on an ascending trajectory before flickering out. The pattern repeated for about 30 minutes, as if they were on a repeated path. In total I saw 21 craft in multiples of 1,2 or three. The most I saw at one time was 3, so I am not sure if they were the same craft making multiple passes, or individual craft following the previous ones that passed. My best educated guess for an explanation would be drones, but the altitude seemed to reach the height of a commercial jetliner, and the solid lights always flickered out in ways I have never seen with my own eyes. Very curious indeed. I had heard that there were other similar sightings across California on New Year’s Day, with at least one report from Los Angeles. Curious indeed.
A Harvard professor believes that we were visited by an alien object in 2017.
In his upcoming book, Extraterrestrial: The First Sign of Intelligent Life Beyond Earth, theoretical physicist Avi Loeb lays out his theory about a peculiar-shaped object that entered our solar system several years ago.
The interstellar object—named "Oumuamua"—was first observed through the Pan-STARRS telescope at Hawaii's Haleakala Observatory in 2017. Researchers determined that it had passed through the ecliptic plane on Sept. 6 from the direction of Vega, a star in the Lyra constellation that is about 25 light-years away from our planet. Just three days after later, Oumuamua—Hawaiian for "scout"—began accelerating toward the sun, before it eventually came closer to Earth on Oct. 7, "moving swiftly toward the constellation Pegasus and the blackness beyond," according to Loeb.
Some scientists claim Oumuamua, which is believed to be the first interstellar object detected in our solar system, was simply another comet; however Loeb—the chairman of Harvard University's astronomy department—dismisses that assumption, as it relies too much on the "familiar."
"What would happen if a caveman saw a cellphone?" he wondered while talking to the New York Post. "He’s seen rocks all his life, and he would have thought it was just a shiny rock."
Loeb says there are two big details that suggest Oumuamua wasn't just a comet, but rather a piece of alien technology. The first detail is the object's dimensions, as it was determined to be "five to 10 times longer than it was wide." Loeb argues the cigar-like shape isn't typical for a natural space object.
But the theoretical physicist says the biggest detail that supports his theory is Oumuamua's movement.
"The excess push away from the sun, that was the thing that broke the camel’s back," he said.
Loeb explains that the sun's gravitational force would cause a natural object to move faster as it approaches, and eventually push the object back, causing it to move slower as it moves away. Loeb points out that this didn't occur with Oumuamua, which accelerated "slightly, but to a highly statistically significant extent" as it moved further and further away.
"If we are not alone, are we the smartest kids on the block?" Loeb asked. "If there was a species that eliminated itself through war or changing the climate, we can get our act together and behave better. Instead, we are wasting a lot of resources on Earth fighting each other and other negative things that are a big waste."
Extraterrestrial: The First Sign of Intelligent Life Beyond Earth is set to hit shelves Jan. 26.
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China Reveals That a Massive Alien Outpost and Mining Facility is Operating on the Moon
China Reveals That a Massive Alien Outpost and Mining Facility is Operating on the Moon
Ever wondered why no one has set foot on the Moon for decades? And why there’s no permanent outpost already established there? Is it because the Moon is not a viable celestial body to harness, or maybe because all of the above mentioned are already happening, but we are not being told about it?
The answer to these questions may be easier than first anticipated, but complex at the same time. Dr. Michael Salla has pointed out that there is a military industrial extraterrestrial complex (MIEC) on the surface of our ‘natural satellite’, and there’s a strong possibility of an alien regime currently operating on the moon in tandem with humans.
To support his claims and those of many others, the Chinese have released an intriguing photo of what appears to be an artificial complex operating on the lunar surface. The image represents yet another confirmation of secret operations carried out up there, and it may also reveal that the Chinese government has been in touch with otherworldly visitors. That, in turn, would also explain why China has been investing massively in radio telescopes.
The following report will bring further clearance into this matter:
“I was sent some pictures by a source who claims China will be releasing Hi Res images taken by the Chang’e-2 moon orbiter, which clearly show buildings and structures on the moon’s surface. He also claims NASA has deliberately bombed important areas of the Moon in an effort to destroy ancient artefacts and facilities.
Pictures yet to be released clearly show nuclear impact craters and building debris caused by explosions in an effort by NASA to destroy the truth. China is moving toward full disclosure of the Extraterrestrial reality, if these images and future ones are verified genuine then NASA should be investigated for fraud and treason. China will be releasing all the data and images from the Chang’e-2 in the coming weeks and months, let’s hope this is the beginning of a new era.“
There’s a chance that the world governments have a secret pact to exploit the moon for its minerals. This pact may be signed by other ET species residing in the Universe, which could explain why this alliance has a secretive nature. However, since greed is a common trait among humans, there shouldn’t be long until someone is excluded out of this alliance, and eventually disclose this secret project to humanity.
Countless rumors speak of an alien base located on the dark side of the moon – the side we never get to see, and it’s no secret that, in 2009, NASA publicly bombed a portion of the moon for unclear reasons. Other leaked images originating from NASA’s headquarters reveal different structures found up there that are likely to be artificial in nature.
Among the most renowned people to speak of this Moon conspiracy is Milton Cooper, a Naval Intelligence Officer who disclosed that the US Navy Intelligence Community knows of the alien base. The term used to describe it is “Luna,” and according to Cooper, its main objective is to mine the underground for certain materials. He also speaks of a massive mother ship found in the vicinity of the moon used by the aliens to store up materials, and also travel to Earth in small “flying saucers” found on the main ship.
“LUNA: The alien base on the far side of the Moon. It was seen and filmed by the Apollo astronauts. A base, a mining operation using very large machines, and the very large alien craft describing in sightings reports as mother ships exist there,” Milton Cooper revealed.
So, is it possible that what the Chinese revealed is in fact a small fraction of the mining operation facility called Luna? After all, it strongly resembles the drilling devices used by our own species, and there is no one to debunk it as being a natural formation. (source)
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Most Mysterious Alien Objects Found In Space During Corona Pandemic
Most Mysterious Alien Objects Found In Space During Corona Pandemic
Since the discovery of the telescope, Astronomers have made an enormous step into understanding the origin of the cosmos. However, even after so many years, we are still finding things in deep space that no one has seen before.
These Astronomical objects don't seem like any other Astronomical objects that have ever seen before, and this discovery ignited a spark of interest in the astronomical and space community.
The first three objects were spotted in depths of space using a pilot survey of a new project called the Evolutionary Map Of The Universe, while the fourth object was retrieved in archival data. Which were collected by The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) Observatory, located near Pune, Junnar, Narayangaon in India, and helped to confirm that the first three are not just lens anomalies.
The Distance of objects from our solar system is still unknown but one thing is certain they are not located in the milky way's galactic neighborhood.
Each object was calculated at around one arc minute across, keeping in mind that as seen from the earth the sun and moon both have angular diameters of about 30 arc minutes.
The four unidentified objects are highly circular and with bright edges and look like distance ring islands because of their strange shape and peculiarity they were characterized as Odd Radio Circles (ORCs) for short, It seems that ORCs have a different origin.
Two of them have galaxies at their center, which means they might have been formed by them, while two of the ORCs might have some kind of interconnection or even the same origin since they seem to be in close vicinity.
There are several possible explanations of what those ORCs might be, but none of them fit perfectly with the object's specifications and characteristics.
The Astronomers already ruled out descriptions for those ORCs objects. They estimate it is possible that these ORCs objects maybe a supernovae remnants or maybe planetary nebula's circumstellar shells or maybe Star-forming galaxies, or maybe they are just gravitational lensing. But the emu survey is just beginning and astronomers expect it to reveal more unusual objects as time goes by.
South Korea's Artificial Sun Is More Hotter Than Actual Sun
South Korea's Artificial Sun Is More Hotter Than Actual Sun
South Korea gets success in creating an artificial sun and achieves 100 million degrees for 20 seconds, breaks world record
The Sun is the main source of energy to our earth, due to which human beings, including plants and animals, can get food. Apart from this, all the planets of the solar system revolve around the sun, so the sun is considered to be the main source of energy.
Electricity is produced through solar panels from the strong sunlight, although it is difficult to reach the same amount of sunlight in every country. This is the reason that many countries are preparing to make the artificial sun to generate more energy and in this list, After china now South Korea's name has also been included. So let's know how South Korea will get energy through the artificial sun.
The Artificial Sun of South Korea
The sun which gives energy to our solar system has a very hot and scorching temperature, so no machine or human being can reach the sun. However, today humans and science have made so much progress that some countries are moving towards creating the artificial sun.
According to the news, after China, now South Korea has also succeeded in making its own artificial sun. This artificial sun can shine for 20 seconds at temperatures above 100 million degrees Celsius.
Let us tell you that this artificial sun made by South Korea has also set a world record for the longest glow in the artificial sun ever created. Not only this, the sun made by South Korea shines at a much higher temperature than the real sun and with the help of this a lot of energy can be obtained in a short time. Let us tell you that the average temperature of the centre of the real sun is up to 15 million degrees Celsius.
For the past several years, scientists in South Korea were working on making artificial suns, for this, they used a superconducting fusion device called Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) and succeeded in producing artificial suns.
For this fusion, scientists collected plasma from hydrogen, which is made of hot iron and its temperature reaches 100 million degrees. Let me tell you that this iron is necessary to maintain the high temperature of the artificial sun.
You'd be surprised to know that the 2020 Fusion surpassed the previous year's plasma operation, as the previous artificial sun radiated for only 8 seconds while the artificial sun radiated for a full 20 seconds this year.
Let us tell you that earlier the Korean Institute of Fusion Energy (KFE) of South Korea succeeded in reaching the temperature of 100 million degrees for the first time through KSTAR fusion in 2018 but at that time the artificial sun radiates only for 1.5 seconds.
The report, released by scientists from South Korea, states that the goal of this institute is to shine the artificial sun for 300 seconds by 2025 through a fusion ignition.
China's Artificial Sun
This is not the first time that a country has succeeded in shining the artificial sun at high temperatures, even before China has been able to create an artificial sun and bring it to higher temperatures.
China succeeded in shining its artificial sun at 150 million degrees Celsius. Although the report of China's artificial sun shining appeared only in the local newspapers, there has been no such claim by China at the international level.
Benefits of an Artificial Sun
As we know that the sun is the best and easiest source of energy for other planets including the earth, from which electricity, water can be generated and lives get food.
In such a situation, every country wants to manufacture artificial sun for its profit so that it can meet the maximum consumption of electricity. In today's time, electricity has become very essential for every work, ongoing work in the company and factories can't be completed without electricity.
Due to the high consumption of electricity, the pollution level on the earth is constantly increasing, which all countries are relying on solar energy to reduce. However, it is very difficult for us to capture all the solar energy around the world.
Because the temperature and geographical conditions of each country are different. In such a situation, it has become an easy way to create an artificial sun and get solar energy from its light and do not harm nature.
This is the reason that different countries around the world are working on the technique of making the artificial sun and raising its temperature for maximum time. If any country succeeds in acquiring the technique of maintaining simulated sun temperatures for a long time, it can emerge as the new superpower of the world.
Now it will be interesting to see which country after China and South Korea is successful in making the artificial sun and shining it for a longer time. Creating an artificial sun and obtaining solar energy from it will be a new achievement for science and Humankind.
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Using Freedom of Information requests, i has discovered there have been at least 128 calls made to 16 police forces since 2016 (Photo: Aaron Foster/Getty)
Reports of suspected alien spaceships zooming over the UK doubled in the past 12 months, according to investigations by i.
Using Freedom of Information requests, i has discovered there have been at least 128 calls made to 16 police forces since 2016, and more than 40 of them – from the “two shining lights” above Northampton to the “multiple UFOs” at Shepway in Kent – were in the past 12 months.
But the true figure could be much higher, with more than 30 police forces including Police Scotland saying they have no easy way of counting the calls and three saying they would each have to search through more than 700 records where the letters UFO were used.
The truth is out there
More people have been reporting UFO sightings in lockdown (Photo: AP Photo/Mark Baker)
It raises the question of what has caused the rise in sightings, whether it be that aliens have been paying extra attention to the Earth during the pandemic or that people have had more time to watch out for odd lights in the sky.
“If people are seeing more UFOs during the pandemic, it might simply be because they have more time on their hands and have been looking up more,” Nick Pope, who has investigated UFOs for the Ministry of Defence (MoD), says.
“But perhaps something deeper and more philosophical is at play – a yearning to escape from terrestrial misery and the hope that there’s something more than the drudgery of our everyday existence.”
When the MoD stopped investigating UFOs in 2009, people began increasingly reporting them to the police.
One caller in Llansadwrn, North Wales, even told officers in February this year after seeing a “very bright light” in the sky: “The MoD don’t take calls any more for UFO sightings.”
The calls identified by i during the Covid-19 pandemic have ranged from the mysterious to the frankly bizarre. They include a “round, grey disc with red lights” over Liverpool, “many flashing lights” above Lisburn and a UFO reported to have tumbled from the sky in a ball of fire at Blaby in Leicestershire.
Flying objects
The International Space Station passing over Belvoir Castle, Leicestershire (Photo: Neil Squires/PA Wire)
With true British understatement, one spotter of “flying objects”, also in Liverpool, said they “just wanted it logging for the record”, while another who had seen a “UFO in the sky with a green light on it” told police: “No, I don’t need you to attend.”
Then there was the man who dialled 999 saying he “needed the RAF” as he had “seen two UFOs in Sunderland” and the person in Bromsgrove, Worcestershire, who saw “a line across the sky the size of six football pitches before it faded away”.
In rural Staffordshire, a police call handler was still taking down details of the “Vulcan bomber-shaped craft lit up with white lights” when a second caller picked up the phone to report “a large, triangular thing,” nearly 40 miles up the A40 near Stoke-on-Trent, “with three creamy lights under each corner”.
At Evesham in Worcestershire, a caller reported seeing “a UFO-looking thing”, but then told officers: “It has just flown back over and it looks like a helicopter now.”
“It might not have been a UFO,” they added as an afterthought.
Mistaken identity
A number of the calls can be read as a case of mistaken identification – unless alien spaceships have the same green and red lights used by Earth-bound airliners.
This was certainly the case when another person in Bangor, Northern Ireland, told police in March they had seen a “flying object that appeared to have solar panels”, before later telling police they believed it was a drone.
Others had a more obvious explanation. When police checked an online star chart, they decided that a sighting at Gravesham in Kent “was determined to be Venus”.
Experts say that people’s interest in UFOs tends to ebb and flow and, in uncertain times, people often seem to be more likely to see them.
Concerns included a man in Salford who said he had seen a spaceship that “comes and goes”, and a half-naked man in Northern Ireland who said he had just been “delivered by a UFO”.
Strange things in the sky
‘Most UFO sightings turn out to be misidentifications of ordinary objects and phenomena such as aircraft lights’ (Photo: Aaron Foster/Getty)
In Sunderland, another witness calling police from a phonebox said he had seen a UFO flying over his house in the morning, adding: “This is not the first time I’ve seen it.”
Then there was a caller in Manchester who told police while reporting seeing lights in the sky: “I don’t believe in UFOs.”
But whatever their reasons, it is unlikely that people will stop seeing strange things in the sky when the pandemic is finally over.
“Hardly a week goes by without some new story about discoveries in space, and this makes people look up and wonder, because the question of whether or not we’re alone in the universe is one of the biggest and most profound questions we can ask,” Mr Pope says.
“Most UFO sightings turn out to be misidentifications of ordinary objects and phenomena such as aircraft lights, Chinese lanterns, satellites and meteors, but the sceptics have to be right every time, whereas the believers only need to be right once.”
NASA/CXC/SAO, NASA/STScI, NASA/JPL-Caltech/SSC, ESO/NAOJ/NRAO, NRAO/AUI/NSF, NASA/CXC/SAO/PSU, and NASA/ESA
NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory is a super powerful telescope named after the Nobel Prize-winning astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar. It has a history of delivering some incredible astronomical discoveries. It provided the first light image of supernova remnant Cassiopeia A. In the year 2000, high school students used data from the telescope to discover a neutron star in supernova remnantIC 443.
Now it's helped produce some dazzling images of galaxies, stars, planetary nebulas and supernova remnants.
At the risk of stating the obvious: Space is pretty wild.
To be clear, these images aren't necessarily representative of what can be seen with the human eye. They've been put together using data, not just from Chandra, but from multiple other sources. They take what NASA calls a "multiwavelength' approach, using data across multiple different spectra, from radio waves to gamma rays.
Let's go through them all.
M82
X-ray: NASA/CXC; Optical: NASA/STScI
Not to be confused with the sick French band M83, NASA says M82 is a galaxy that is "oriented edge-on to Earth".
Abell 2744
NASA/CXC; Optical: NASA/STScI
A galaxy cluster image using data from the Chandra and Hubble telescopes.
Supernova 1987A (SN 1987A)
Radio: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO), P. Cigan and R. Indebetouw; NRAO/AUI/NSF, B. Saxton; X-ray: NASA/CXC/SAO/PSU/K. Frank et al.; Optical: NASA/STScI
Probably the wildest image of the lot. According to NASA this is an image of one of the "brightest supernova explosions in centuries".
Eta Carinae
NASA/CXC; Ultraviolet/Optical: NASA/STScI; Combined Image: NASA/ESA/N. Smith (University of Arizona), J. Morese (BoldlyGo Instituts) and A. Pagan
NASA describes Eta Carinae as "a volatile system containing two massive stars that closely orbit each other".
Cartwheel Galaxy
X-ray: NASA/CXC; Optical: NASA/STScI
When Fritz Zwicky discovered this galaxy in 1941, he said it was "one of the most complicated structures awaiting its explanation on the basis of stellar dynamics." It's 150,000 light years in diameter.
It looks like a giant eyeball, but the Helix Nebula is actually a star running out of fuel. Apparently this is what could happen to our sun in 5 billion years.
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NASA’s powerful Hubble Space Telescope and Spitzer Space Telescope combined to captured stunning images of the Orion Nebula.
The nebula, which is a massive mixture of various gases and heated matter surrounding young stars, was shot in various wavelengths.
The image looks like a painting, but it’s actually a thing that exists, reminding us how beautiful space can be.
Well, the new year is officially here, and while many places that traditionally celebrate the birth of a new batch of 365 days have had to cancel their annual fireworks displays, you can always count on NASA to find some fireworks happening somewhere in the cosmos. In a new blog post, NASA has chosen to highlight a stunning image that is actually the combination of observations by both the Hubble Space Telescope and the Spitzer Space Telescope.
The image is of the Orion Nebula, a massive collection of swirling gasses surrounding some very young but very large stars. The two telescopes captured the same image in different wavelengths of light, offering us a glimpse of this region of space like we’ve never seen it before.
Nebulas are incredibly interesting features of the cosmos because they’re essentially the ingredients that make up star systems and galaxies but not yet coalesced entirely into objects like planets and stars. In this case, the Orion Nebula has already given birth to a small number of stars, but they’re very young.
NASA explains:
Gaseous swirls of hydrogen, sulfur, and hydrocarbons cradle a collection of infant stars in this composite image of the Orion Nebula, as seen by the Hubble Space Telescope and the Spitzer Space telescope. Together, the two telescopes expose carbon-rich molecules in the cosmic cloud of this star-formation factory located 1,500 light-years away.
Hubble’s ultraviolet and visible-light view reveal hydrogen and sulfur gas that have been heated and ionized by intense ultraviolet radiation from the massive stars, collectively known as the “Trapezium.” Meanwhile, Spitzer’s infrared view exposes carbon-rich molecules in the cloud. Together, the telescopes expose the stars in Orion as a rainbow of dots sprinkled throughout the image.
It’s impossible to say what the next few billion years will bring, but if the nebula remains undisturbed by outside forces it will likely continue to form stars and, potentially, planets, moons, and asteroids that will orbit them. We can’t know how much material is truly present here, or what kind of planets and stars it may produce in the future, but for now, it remains a very interesting area of the sky.
Studying areas like this, and the Orion Nebula, in particular, has offered scientists some powerful insights into the forces that build the objects we see in the cosmos. It will continue to be observed for many years, decades, and perhaps even centuries to come, and there’s probably a lot more it will eventually teach us.
In June 1960, Rear Admiral Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter, third Director of Central Intelligence under the Truman Administration and first to direct the newly formed Central Intelligence Agency created under the National Security Act of 1947, went on the record with his views on UFOs.
“I know that neither Russia nor this country had anything even approaching such high speeds and maneuvers,” Hillenkoetter was quoted saying.
It would not be the last time a former CIA director would comment on the perennially controversial topic of UFOs, as recent days have shown. Within the final weeks of 2020, former CIA director John Brennan also weighed in on the subject, during a podcast interview with George Mason University economics professor Tyler Cowen.
“I’ve seen some of those videos from Navy pilots,” Brennan told Cowen, “and I must tell you that they are quite eyebrow-raising when you look at them.”
John O. Brennan, former CIA Director (Public Domain).
“I think some of the phenomena we’re going to be seeing continues to be unexplained,” Brennan added, “and might, in fact, be some type of phenomenon that is the result of something that we don’t yet understand and that could involve some type of activity that some might say constitutes a different form of life.”
If there is a lesson to be gleaned from history in relation to this, it would be that neither of these former CIA directors—Brennan, nor Hillenkoetter before him—seemed to have been aware of what the source of UFOs that were reported by members of the military during their respective tenures with the CIA had been. With an issue so potentially concerning as the presence of unrecognized aerospace technologies operating in U.S. airspace, it is also no wonder why 2020 saw the most significant increase in attention by the Department of Defense toward UFOs that has been witnessed in decades.
UFOS: OURS, OR THEIRS?
Hillenkoetter was also not the last to suggest that some of the objects appeared to display capabilities that far exceeded anything in the arsenal of U.S. adversaries, let alone the best spy planes and other aircraft taking off from runways here stateside. Despite this, more recent appearances of aerial objects of unknown origin, as depicted in a series of Navy videos authorized for release by the DoD earlier this year, have been touted by many as either being a form of secret U.S. technology, or perhaps that belonging to another nation.
(Image: Unsplash)
“One part of the government doesn’t tell the other part of the government what they’re doing, and by the government, I’m talking about the military,” said Bill Nye during a CNN interview in 2019, addressing the same three Navy videos John Brennan was recently asked about.
“If the Naval Reconnaissance Office is just messing around with some airborne gizmo, they don’t tell the Air Force what they’re doing,” Nye said. “They certainly don’t tell the other parts of the Navy what they’re doing.”
“I worked with guys that went to Groom Lake every day, or regularly,” Nye added in reference to the famous Area 51, which, despite its fame, remains a highly classified United States Air Force facility. “I wouldn’t be surprised if [Navy pilots] observed some secret test, that nobody wants to talk about, and the story’s being exaggerated now.”
Affording this conclusion to the objects appearing in Navy videos obtained since 2004 may indeed seem reasonable. The same, however, cannot be said as easily about aerial objects of unknown provenance observed more than half a century ago, the likes of which Hillenkoetter had acknowledged “neither Russia nor this country had.” Such an assumption (allowing for the possibility that such objects exist) would require one to accept that advances rivaling modern state-of-the-art aerospace technologies had been underway as early as the Second World War or shortly thereafter. It would also require one to acknowledge that if the former were the case, such advances have somehow also been kept secret for the better part of the last century.
ABOVE: Even “black” jets like the F-117A Nighthawk developed at Nevada’s highly classified Area 51 site, while unlike their predecessors in the history of aerospace technology, do not represent advancements significantly beyond that of conventional aviation technologies (Image: Vanessa LaBoy/US Air Force/Public Domain).
The unlikelihood of this scenario has not been lost on skeptics over the years. In search of more parsimonious alternative explanations for the UFO problem, such unsound arguments tend to favor Occam’s razor, and lead to the presumption that misidentifications of prosaic objects, delusions, and hoaxes can suffice to explain the entirety of the mystery. However, this conclusion also aids us little in finding a truly comprehensive solution to the UFO issue as it has been recognized since the 1940s.
Even if the notion that prospective new military technologies might account for what appears in more recent historical Navy videos depicting unusual aerial objects, the military’s own statements about them seem to be in direct conflict with the idea.
AUTHORIZED, BUT STILL UNIDENTIFIED
The Pentagon’s officially authorized release of Navy videos depicting aerial phenomena on April 27, 2020 ranks among the most noteworthy stories of the year, and arguably, in the broader history of UFOs. The Department of Defense “authorized the release of three unclassified Navy videos, one taken in November 2004 and the other two in January 2015, which have been circulating in the public domain after unauthorized releases in 2007 and 2017,” according to an official Pentagon statement.
“After a thorough review, the department has determined that the authorized release of these unclassified videos does not reveal any sensitive capabilities or systems,” the statement also read, “and does not impinge on any subsequent investigations of military air space incursions by unidentified aerial phenomena.”
“The aerial phenomena observed in the videos remain characterized as ‘unidentified’,” the statement concluded, adding a link to the Naval Air Systems Command FOIA Reading Room where the files could be downloaded and viewed.
If the objects in these videos were anything known to our military—either from its own inventory or suspected of belonging to that of an adversary—it seems unlikely that the DoD’s “thorough review” would have cleared them for release. This, in addition to characterizing the aerial phenomena in question as “unidentified,” which explicitly conveys that the objects appear to be of unknown origin.
Additional support for the idea that the UAP issue represents an unsolved problem for the military came on August 4, when the establishment of an Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force (UAPTF) was approved by Deputy Secretary of Defense David L. Norquist.
(Image: James N. Mattis/CC 3.0)
“The Department of Defense established the UAPTF to improve its understanding of, and gain insight into, the nature and origins of [unidentified aerial phenomena],” a Pentagon statement read, describing the newly-formed task force’s mission as being “to detect, analyze and catalog UAPs that could potentially pose a threat to U.S. national security.” The UAPTF is currently operated out of the Department of the Navy.
HISTORY REPEATS ITSELF… AGAIN
“Behind the scenes, high-ranking Air Force officers are soberly concerned about UFOs,” Hillenkoetter had written in February 1960, as reported by the New York Times. The former CIA director, who at the time had been a member of the Board of Governors of the National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena (NICAP), was responding to a directive released by the U.S. Air Force at that time, which advised personnel to treat sightings of unidentified flying objects as potential threats “directly related to the nation’s defense,” the Times reported.
With the renewed attention the Pentagon has shown for the study and assessment of unidentified aerial phenomena over the last few years—and 2020 in particular—it would seem that it remains a potential concern to our military, as past instances of government involvement have shown. This remains evident, despite challenges to its legitimacy as a subject of scientific inquiry that have arisen over the decades.
If studying the history of the subject helps us come to any further understanding beyond all this, it would be that not much has changed since it first emerged on the cultural landscape in the late 1940s. With the subject of UFOs history tends to repeat itself, and much like Hillenkoetter expressed sixty years ago, it remains true today that convincing explanations for the more compelling cases involving unidentified flying objects reported by our military are elusive. Even supposing that they could represent secretive military technologies falls into conflict with the accepted history of aerospace innovation, particularly with consideration for how far back in history reports of military encounters with such aerial objects have been documented.
Purported UFOs photographed over Lubbock, Texas, on August 25, 1951. The explanation offered by USAF investigators suggested these lights were produced by light reflecting off the bellies of plovers, a theory scientists who observed the lights in question found implausible (Image: US Air Force/Project Blue Book/Public Domain).
On the other hand, to leap to conclusions about extraterrestrial life and visitations to Earth may be equally unwarranted; while certainly worthy of consideration, such ideas presently do not have enough supporting evidence.
In short, to say that no simple and truly comprehensive explanation exists that can account for the more convincing encounters from over the years is indeed an understatement. Until there is further data, and enough of it that can support a consensus conclusion on the subject, unidentified aerial phenomena—whatever sources might exist behind its appearances—will remain both a challenge to science, as well as a national security interest.
In spite of its enduring ambiguity, 2020 has made it clear that the United States military, certain members of Congress, and others in government are taking UFOs seriously, to whatever limited extent the subject is being studied. As history shows, we have stood at these crossroads several times before. Perhaps with fresh eyes on the problem, and new technologies that past analysts weren’t able to benefit from using, 2020 could mark a turning point in our understanding of these mysteries of the skies.
If so, moving forward we may succeed in advancing our knowledge of an apparent phenomenon that remains unaccounted for, and one that has managed to elude us now for more than half a century.
Prior to the public announcement of the Navy’s task force, an earlier Pentagon program that examined aerial threats, the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP), had been operated without widespread public knowledge prior to late 2017, when news of the program was reported by the New York Times and other outlets. The existence of AATIP and its successor, the UAP Task Force, both underscore the significance of the UAP question as a national security concern for the U.S. military. As history shows, this has been the case now for quite some time, whether or not it has always been publicly acknowledged.
Fox News correspondent Ashley Strohmier joins 'The Story' to discuss the 'mysterious objects'
If 2019 was a big year for UFOcoverage, 2020 may have been the best year ever.
No one can say for certain whether life exists outside of this planet, but the public's interest levels in the subject have likely never been higher.
FIRST QUARTER
In January, the U.S. Navy said the release of certain classified briefings and a classified video about a UFO incident held by the Department of Defense "would cause exceptionally grave damage to the national security" to the U.S., in response to a public records request from Vice.
A couple of weeks later, the U.K. announced that reported UFO sightings by the British public will be published online for the first time. The Royal Air Force ran a UFO unit for 50 years but shut it down in 2009 after coming to the conclusion that none of the reports offered evidence of a real threat.
In mid-February, after the U.K.'s decision to publish reported UFO sightings online, 61% of Americans surveyed said they want the U.S. government to declassify the country's so-called "X-files." Fifty-eight percent said they believe the U.S. government "actively investigates extraterrestrial life."
SECOND QUARTER
April was a blockbuster month as the Pentagon finally released unclassified footage showing "unidentified aerial phenomena" captured by Navy aircraft that had circulated in the public for years.
That same week, Tom DeLonge, the former Blink-182 singer and the head of To the Stars Academy of Arts & Sciences, the group that originally obtained the videos, said "UFOs are real" in a since-deleted tweet.
The videos, known as "FLIR1," "Gimbal" and "GoFast," were originally released to the New York Times and to TTSA.
The first video of the unidentified object was taken on Nov. 14, 2004, and shot by the F-18's gun camera. The second video was shot on Jan. 21, 2015, and shows another aerial vehicle with pilots commenting on how strange it is. The third video was also taken on Jan. 21, 2015, but it is unclear whether the third video was of the same object or a different one.
In June, the topic spurred national interest once again, after President Trump told his son, Donald Jr., that he had "interesting" details on Roswell, N.M.
"So many people ask me that question," the president said in response to whether aliens exist. "There are millions and millions of people that want to go there, that want to see it. I won't talk to you about what I know about it but it's very interesting. But Roswell is a very interesting place with a lot of people that would like to know what's going on."
When Trump Jr. further pressed his father on whether he would declassify details about Roswell, the president said, "I'll have to think about that one."
Later that month, Florida Sen. Marco Rubio, acting chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee, asked the Pentagon for a detailed, unclassified report on unidentified aerial phenomena. Rubio cited concerns the issue has been given scant attention from the intelligence community while acknowledging the existence of an "Unidentified Aerial Phenomenon Task Force."
THIRD QUARTER
Late July saw the explosive release of a report that mentioned a long-hidden UFO investigative unit within the Pentagon making its findings public, as well as "off-world vehicles not made on this Earth."
In August, the Pentagon officially launched the Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force, boosting an effort by the Office of Naval Intelligence, to investigate UFOs following several unexplained incidents that have been observed by the U.S. military.
This announcement came with its own controversies, Nick Pope, a former employee and UFO investigator for Britain's Ministry of Defense, told Fox News in August.
President Trump made news once again, this time telling Fox News in an October interview that he would take a "good, strong look" at whether there are UFOs.
In December, leaked reports from the Pentagon's UFO task force discussed "non-human technology," including an Oct. 2019 email exchange between high-ranking military officials.
ALL RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011
Supermassive Black Holes Might Really Be 'Traversable' Wormholes, Astrophysicists Suggest
Supermassive Black Holes Might Really Be 'Traversable' Wormholes, Astrophysicists Suggest
“The wormholes we are considering are traversable wormholes, so theoretically spacecraft can travel through them,” said the lead author of a new study.
Our universe is astonishingly colossal in scale, which can be a bummer if you are interested in traveling beyond our tiny corner of it. Wormholes, which are speculative bridges between distant locations in space, offer a potential cosmic shortcut to destinations that would be unreachable by other means.
Though wormholes are predicted by Einstein’s theory of general relativity, their existence has yet to be empirically proven. Now, a team led by Mikhail Piotrovich, an astrophysicist at the Central Astronomical Observatory at Pulkovo in Saint Petersburg, Russia, has proposed a new way to search for the hypothetical tunnels: by investigating whether some supermassive black holes are actually entrances to wormholes.
Wormholes at the center of extremely bright galaxies might “radiate with a distinctive spectrum” that could be observationally detected, according to the team’s forthcoming study in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
Capturing this signature would not only provide evidence for the existence of wormholes, it would open up an entirely new avenue of potential spaceflight—and even time travel.
“A very interesting and unusual consequence of the existence of wormholes of this type is the fact that such wormholes are natural time machines,” Piotrovich said in an email.
“The wormholes we are considering are traversable wormholes, so theoretically spacecraft can travel through them,” he added. “But of course, it should be understood that we know very little about the internal structure of wormholes and moreover, we do not even know for sure whether they exist at all.”
Some galaxies contain luminous cores called active galactic nuclei (AGN) that blast out massive twin jets, made of energized matter, that travel close to the speed of light. Scientists think AGN are fueled by tidal interactions between supermassive black holes and “accretion disks” that form from the gas, dust, and stars falling into them.
Piotrovich and his colleagues suggest that AGN are “wormhole mouths” rather than supermassive black holes. If this were true, it would mean that these galactic cores might be linked to each other across space and time, which could cause matter to fall in through both mouths of a linked AGN pair.
If two gulps of matter from either end of the mouths were to collide inside the wormhole “throat,” it would release a truly mind-boggling amount of energy and radiation. The wormhole would belch plasma out of both mouths that could reach temperatures of about 10 trillion°C. It would also emit high-energy gamma rays that could be distinguished from the light of the accretion disk.
“Accretion disks of AGN don’t emit gamma radiation, because their temperature is too low for that,” said Piotrovich. “Secondly, jets have a very specific radiation pattern, i.e. most of the gamma radiation is directed along the direction of the jet.”
The notion that AGN might be wormholes dates back to 2005, but the new study is the first to propose this novel way of possibly detecting the fabled tunnels. Observatories such as NASA’s Fermi gamma-ray space telescope might be able to pick up gamma rays from crashes inside wormholes, if they exist.
The nearest AGN are millions of light years from the Milky Way, so it’s not as if we could hop in a spaceship and visit one if we suspected it was a secret wormhole. Moreover, a wormhole that was initially put on the map due to violent plasma outbursts might not be a place any human would particularly want to enter, even in the most robust spaceship.
That said, finding evidence for wormholes—even from afar—would be an amazing breakthrough in our understanding of the universe, and would validate the futuristic dreams of science fiction enthusiasts around the world.
ALL RELATED VIDEOS, selected and posted by peter2011
Ecuadorian legends tell of ancient cities of giants, abandoned by their inhabitants long ago, slowly being reclaimed by nature. But discoveries such as this one show giants were undoubtedly real.
As a matter of fact, tribes from all over the Amazonian basin recollect the existence of an ancient race of giants that built thriving cities long before ‘regular-sized’ humans arrived in the area.
In 2012, one such legend led a team of researchers to a remote area in the rain forests of Ecuador. Several tribes had been using the place as a traditional meeting place since time immemorial and they believed it was inhabited by powerful spirits.
The place was sacred for the locals and they talked about its builders’ place with a mixture of fear and respect. The reason behind their attitude became visible once the team noticed the presence of ancient megalithic structures on site.
The largest structure was a 260 foot tall by a 260-foot wide pyramid with an inclination too high to be natural. It had been built using hundreds of large, irregularly-shaped boulders, each one weighing approximately 2 tonnes. At the top they found a flat area that could have been used as a ceremonial or sacrificial platform.
It looks like a paved wall, an ancient street or plaza with a 60 degrees angle, perhaps the roof of a larger structure,” said French-American archaeologist Benoit Duverneuil. “Many of the stones were perfectly aligned, have sharp edges and seem to have been sculpted by human hands.”
The protective layer of earth had preserved the smooth surface of the stones. It also revealed the presence of a cement-like substance used to keep the boulders together. Judging by the apparent age of the ruins, this could be the earliest example of concrete being used in America. It would seem the builders of this ancient citadel possessed engineering knowledge far ahead of their time.
But the most interesting discovery came in the form of tools. Oversized and ancient, they littered the forest floor. Their purpose is unknown but the team suspects they were used in metalworking. One thing is certain, though: their size would have made it very difficult for a normal size human to wield them.
Writer and researcher Bruce Fenton was part of the team that discovered this lost city of giants and he believes the tools speak for themselves:
What really strongly points towards this habitation having housed the same race of giants is the presence of extremely oversized hammers, or at least the stone hammerheads. Assuming these were attached to hard wood handles they would be of both incredible size and weight, making their use as tools impractical for a typical Inca or indigenous Indian, these being generally slight built people of around five feet or so.”
One of the stone artifacts found at the site. Photo credit: Earth4all.net
It is interesting to note that previous expeditions in the rain forests of Ecuador produced results that support the fact that giants were once present. Bones much larger than those of an average sized human were discovered in caves all over the Americas. Evidence keeps mounting, suggesting our own history might require some footnotes. Giant ones.
It shouldn’t come as a surprise that this amazing discovery was willfully ignored by the authorities. In 2013, the Ecuadorian Ministry of Culture sent one of their teams to inspect the finding but concluded it was nothing more than a natural formation.
Fenton and his team disagree. The size and shape of the blocks, the precision and technique with which they were cut, polished and assembled seem to point to an artificial origin. Furthermore, it looks like more structures are waiting to be discovered.
An example of one of the stones with a circular hole cut into it. Photo credit: Earth4all.net
Several other large mounds have yet to be excavated. Although covered in mud and vegetation, their shape suggests pyramids are buried beneath them. This would suggest the city houses more than just one pyramid — it is home to an entire pyramid complex. And history taught us that such complexes are built around a central pyramid, one that usually contains the remains of a great leader.
If this was a city of giants, who could have been their leader?Does this scenario explain why the authorities called the place a “natural formation”? Were they planning on quietly removing any anomalous relics that would have supported the ancient giant theory? It wouldn’t be the first time something like this happened.
Unfortunately, Fenton reports that many of the artifacts have already been stolen, making it even more difficult to piece together the puzzling details of this story.
The Warminster Thing: 1964 Astounding UFO Sightings
The Warminster Thing: 1964 Astounding UFO Sightings
Among the numerous ‘UFO phenomena’ or ‘poltergeist-type phenomena’ reported from Warminster on 1964 Christmas Day after 6 a.m., when a young married couple claim that they were awakened by the frantic barking and whimpering of their dog in the garden outside.
Josie, their daughter, went to investigate, and found the dog lying in a corner of the woodshed, trembling and whimpering. Just as Josie was about to re-enter the house she experienced, as it were from the air right overhead, the terrifying ‘whining, crackling, rasping, droning, shattering phenomenon’ which later became known throughout the world as ‘the Warminster Thing’ or ‘The Thing’.
At around the same period there also occurred a case in which a flock of pigeons allegedly fell dead near Warminster, struck down by this mysterious force, “rigor mortis” supervening in the bodies almost at once.
A public meeting was held in the town to discuss the strange phenomenon (Photo credit: BBC)
The same informant claimed that on yet another occasion large numbers of dead field mice had been found on the ground just after the passage overhead of ‘The Thing’, their bodies riddled with tiny holes.
Other such “sonic attacks” which occurred at around the same time in different locations around the town were later reported. Perhaps the strangest was that witnessed at 6.12am that morning by Mrs Marjorie Bye, who was walking to the Holy Communion service at Christ Church in Warminster.
As she approached the church the air about her filled with strange sounds that she found disturbing, and made her feel weak and unable to move. These unidentified noises continued on an ad-hoc basis until at least June 1966.
In total, more than 30 individuals reported hearing mysterious noises that Christmas morning—and there was more to come.
Roughly nine cases are described in The Warminster Mystery in which the only unusual phenomena are noises. Over the course of time this “noise” phenomenon receded and the visual phenomenon took its place to become the most important element of the Warminster phenomenon; the Warminster Thing became a UFO.
Many people took photos of the Warminster Thing during 1965 (Photo credit: BBC)
Arthur Shuttlewood at the time was the features editor on the local weekly newspaper, The Warminster Journal. He reported in his book The Warminster Mystery: “The air was brazenly filled with a menacing sound.
Sudden vibrations came overhead, chilling in intensity. They tore the quiet atmosphere to raucous rags and descended upon her savagely. Shockwaves pounded at her head, neck and shoulders.”
By June 1965, strange objects were being seen in the skies around the town. Shuttlewood soon became the voice and champion of The Warminster mystery. Sightings of “The thing” continued, but, by the early 1970s, they were beginning to decline. Cradle Hill became the centre of skywatching activities, but Starr Hill and Cley Hill were also popular with skywatchers.
Descriptions of the UFOs vary from person to person, with one describing what they saw as “cigar-shaped and covered with winking bright lights,” and another like “twin red-hot pokers hanging downwards, one on top of the other, with a black space in between.”
he unusual events began to receive national attention, and people flocked to Warminster hoping to get a glimpse of the “Thing.” Over the August Bank holiday of 1965, an estimated 8000 people descended on the small town.
The following month, when resident Gordon Faulkner claimed to have captured a photo of the UFO, The Daily Mirror published the picture, garnering even more publicity for Warminster.
Faulkner would eventually give this photo to Warminster Journal editor Arthur Shuttlewood, telling him to “do as he seemed fit with it.” In return, Shuttlewood would attach this image to an article he was writing for the Daily Mirror – a very popular British tabloid. This article would appear in the September 10th issue of the Daily Mirror, bringing further attention to the small town of Warminster and those involved.
By that time, the news had even made its way stateside, with newspapers as far as California reporting on the eerie events in the sleepy market town.
Sightings and unexplained noises continued intermittently over the coming years, ranging from “a ball of crimson light” in the sky to a “terrible droning sound” that made the witness’s floor and bed shake.
Interest in the mysterious phenomenon remained strong. In 1966, the BBC filmed Pie in the Sky, a documentary about the events. Shuttlewood penned several books on the subject, while a local UFO enthusiast named Ken Rogers began publishing The Warminster UFO newsletter.
Warminster’s reputation as a UFO hotspot diminished towards the end of the 1970s, although UFOs do continue to be reported in the area. However in the 1980s the growth of the crop circle phenomena in Wiltshire rekindled interest in Warminster’s UFO connection.
Though more than 50 years have passed since these strange events began. Because there is no legitimate answer to explain why hundreds – if not thousands – of people all saw odd things in a very short period of time, we consider the story of the Warminster Thing to be unresolved.
Sources:
Mysterious Visitors: “The UFO Story” by Brinsley Le Poer Trench, Mental Floss, Anomalien.com
De oude Noordpool bestaat niet meer: om de nieuwe woedt een hevige strijd
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De oude Noordpool bestaat niet meer: om de nieuwe woedt een hevige strijd
De klimaatverandering gaat in het Noordpoolgebied twee tot drie keer zo snel als elders. Dat is een ramp voor de natuur. En gretige landen zien plots ook commerciële mogelijkheden opdoemen, voor de visserij en de olie-industrie. Hoe gaat de toekomst van het Noordpoolgebied eruitzien?
Ben van Raaij
1. Klimaatverandering: record op record
Je kunt zeggen, zegt klimaatwetenschapper Roderik van de Wal, dat de oude Noordpool niet meer bestaat. ‘Het Arctisch gebied is overgegaan naar een nieuw, warmer klimaat.’ De bevroren wereld van de Noordpool maakt steeds meer plaats voor open oceaan. Over tien jaar zal de pool ’s zomers grotendeels ijsvrij zijn. Met alle gevolgen van dien, voor het gebied zelf en ver daarbuiten, voor het wereldwijde klimaat.
De klimaatverandering gaat in het Noordpoolgebied twee tot drie keer zo hard als elders in de wereld en breekt record op record. Deze zomer tikte het kwik 21,7 graden aan in Spitsbergen, op 1.300 km van de geografische Noordpool; in Siberië werd het zelfs 38 graden. 2020 was het op een na warmste jaar ooit in de Arctic. Gemiddelde temperaturen liggen er nu 3 tot 5 graden hoger dan in de jaren zeventig.
De gevolgen blijven niet uit, bijvoorbeeld voor de jaarlijkse groei en afname van het zee-ijs in de Arctische wateren. Dat zee-ijs had op 15 september zijn op een na kleinste omvang ooit (na het recordjaar 2012), ver onder het langjarig gemiddelde. Was er in de zomer van 1980 nog 7,5 miljoen vierkante kilometer zee-ijs, in 2020 was die hoeveelheid gehalveerd. Het zee-ijs wordt ook dunner en fragieler, en meerjarig ijs verdwijnt.
De afname van het zee-ijs brengt een hele cascade van processen op gang, zegt Van de Wal. Doordat donker zeewater zonlicht beter opneemt dan ijs warmen de Arctische wateren sneller op; deze zomer waren ze tot wel 3 graden warmer dan gemiddeld. De zee warmt ook het land op, met als gevolg steeds minder sneeuwbedekking in Eurazië, recordbosbranden in Siberië en in het najaar ook een steeds later dicht vriezende zee.
De Groenlandse ijskap verloor vorig jaar een recordhoeveelheid van 586 miljard ton ijs, 15 procent meer dan het vorige record van 2012. Als de ijskap helemaal zou smelten zou de zeespiegel (over een termijn van vele eeuwen) met zes meter stijgen. Volgens wetenschappers is de ijskap echter al voorbij het ‘point of no return’: er valt niet meer genoeg sneeuw om het ijsverlies via afkalvende gletsjers te kunnen compenseren.
2. Natuur: mens en dier bedreigd
De opwarming gaat zo snel dat veel Arctische diersoorten het niet kunnen bijbenen, zegt Gert Polet van het Wereld Natuur Fonds (WWF). Zo begonnen wilde rendieren in het Noord-Russische Taimyr dit jaar extreem vroeg met hun migratie. Veel pasgeboren kalveren waren nog te zwak en kwamen om. Waar veel diersoorten vanwege de opwarming naar koelere breedtegraden migreren, kunnen Arctische soorten nergens heen.
De ijsbeer zal zeker een slachtoffer van de opwarming worden, aldus Polet, want hij is voor de robbenjacht afhankelijk van het zee-ijs. Nu dat verdwijnt moeten de beren steeds langer op land overleven en overschakelen op ander voedsel (veel beren komen schooien bij menselijke nederzettingen), of vasten. Dat gaat ten koste van hun vetreserves en dus overlevingskansen. Onderzoek wees onlangs uit dat alle ijsbeerpopulaties deze eeuw fors zullen afnemen, behalve die in de zogenaamde ‘Last Ice Area’ ten noorden van Canada.
Arctische diersoorten hebben ook last van toenemende menselijke activiteiten in het Noordpoolgebied. Zo wil Canada de productie van de Mary River-mijn op Baffin Island opvoeren. Zo’n 12 miljoen ton ijzererts per jaar moet via een nieuwe spoorlijn en een ijsvrij te houden scheepvaartroute tussen Canada en Groenland worden afgevoerd. Volgens biologen zal het schroeflawaai van de schepen fataal zijn voor de daar overwinterende narwalpopulaties en de zeer bedreigde Groenlandse walvis, die onlangs is teruggekeerd in het gebied.
Ook de mens zelf heeft last van de opwarming. Lokale inheemse gemeenschappen, zoals de Inuit en First Nations, zien door de opwarming hun kwetsbare voedselvoorziening in gevaar komen. De Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation in Noordwest-Yukon riep vorig jaar de noodtoestand uit. Ze leven van de kariboejacht, maar die traditie lijdt onder de opwarming van de toendra en veranderende migratiepatronen van de kariboes.
3. Exploitatie: expansie in de Barentszee
De opwarming van het Noordpoolgebied biedt kansen aan vele bedrijfstakken. De opwarming van het zeewater brengt veel commercieel interessante zuidelijke vissoorten, zoals kabeljauw, naar het gebied. En de Arctische wateren worden steeds toegankelijker voor de scheepvaart en de olie- en gasindustrie.
Zo mikt Noorwegen op uitbreiding van zijn olie- en gasexploratie in de Barentszee. De Noorse regering gaf half november 136 nieuwe concessies uit. Daarvoor verlegde zij de officiële grens van de ‘marginale ijszone’, het productieve overgangsgebied tussen zee-ijs en open oceaan dat de basis is voor het hele Arctische ecosysteem, en dat vanwege zijn kwetsbaarheid voor vervuiling en verstoring door seismische tests gesloten is voor exploratie. De nieuwe grens ligt heel handig ten noorden van alle olie- en gasconcessies.
De vraag is of het van boren komt. De oliesector is flink aan het bezuinigen vanwege de coronacrisis en de gekelderde olieprijs. Maar de hoogste Noorse rechter wees half december de bezwaren van de tegenstanders wel af. ‘Middenin de klimaatcrisis maakt Noorwegen nóg meer olie-exploratie in de kwetsbare Arctic mogelijk’, zei Frode Pleym van Greenpeace eerder. ‘Het is een roekeloos affront voor komende generaties.’
Aan de andere kant van de wereld wil de scheidende Amerikaanse regering-Trump naar olie en gas laten boren in het ongerepte Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in Alaska, een bedreiging voor de rondtrekkende kuddes kariboes in het reservaat en de ijsberen die er hun jongen krijgen. Trump probeert het veilen van de vergunningen nog snel even door te zetten voordat Joe Biden op 20 januari aantreedt (Biden is tegen olieboringen in de Arctic). Inheemse groepen trachten de veiling nu via de federale rechter te verhinderen.
Polet blijft optimistisch. ‘We hebben de strijd verloren, het gebied ligt open voor concessies, maar als niemand biedt wordt het een no-go.’ Veel oliebedrijven lijken te weifelen: er is geen infrastructuur in het gebied, de markt is in mineur en veel grote beleggers hebben zich net gecommitteerd aan bescherming van de biodiversiteit.
4. Maritiem: smerige scheepvaart
De opwarming en de afname van het zee-ijs (met binnen enkele jaren mogelijk een ijsvrije zee in de zomer) maken de Noordelijke IJszee steeds toegankelijker voor de scheepvaart. Met name voor het vrachtvervoer wordt een grote groei verwacht. Een ijsvrije noordelijke doorgang kan de vaartijd tussen China en Europa, nu 40 dagen, met een kwart bekorten. Afgelopen jaren nam het aantal reizen om de Noord al flink toe.
De groei van de scheepvaart belast het kwetsbare Arctische milieu. Schepen stoten bij de verbranding van zware stookolie grote hoeveelheden zwaveloxide en stikstofoxide uit, maar ook roetdeeltjes, die neerslaan op het zee-ijs, de reflectie van zonlicht verminderen en de opwarming versnellen. Daarnaast is er het risico op olierampen. Om die reden is de scheepvaart in de wateren rond Antarctica sinds jaar en dag streng aan banden gelegd.
Na eindeloos getraineer besloot de Internationale Maritieme Organisatie (IMO), de scheepvaartpoot van de VN, eind november een verbod op zware stookolie in Arctische wateren in te stellen. Maar de ban gaat pas juli 2024 in, en er zijn zoveel uitzonderingen dat 75 procent van de schepen tot medio 2029 stookolie kan blijven verbranden. ‘Het verbod is een wassen neus’, zegt Eelco Leemans van de Clean Arctic Alliance.
Het probleem is, zegt Polet van WWF, dat veel afgelegen dorpsgemeenschappen in het Noordpoolgebied, zoals die van de Inuit in Alaska, Canada en Groenland, voor hun elektriciteit en verwarming nog volledig afhankelijk zijn van generatoren op stookolie. ‘Een algeheel verbod op de verbranding van stookolie mag je eigenlijk pas afdwingen als voor deze mensen een alternatief voorhanden is.’
5. Geopolitiek: landjepik dreigt
In 2007 plaatste een Russisch onderzeebootje een titanium vlaggetje op de bodem van de Lomonosov-rug, een onderzeese bergketen die het Arctische oceaanbekken in tweeën deelt. Het was een symbolische claim waarmee het Rusland van Vladimir Poetin liet weten de Noordelijke IJszee en de nieuwe scheepvaartroute als Russisch domein te beschouwen. Het was de aftrap voor groeiende geopolitieke rivaliteit in het Noordpoolgebied.
De Russische expansie (Rusland moderniseerde recent ook zijn noordelijke onderzeevloot en versterkte oude marinebases op het afgelegen Frans Jozefland) blijft niet onweersproken. Navo-marineschepen voeren in september voor het eerst zonder escorte van Russische oorlogsbodems de Russische economische zone in de Barentszee binnen. Een signaal aan Moskou dat de noordelijke toegang tot Europa wordt beschermd.
De geopolitieke rivaliteit concentreert zich onder meer op Groenland, een autonoom deel van Denemarken dat niet alleen strategisch gelegen is maar ook rijk aan delfstoffen (olie, gas, uranium en zeldzame aarden voor hightech-toepassingen) die door het slinken van de Groenlandse ijskap steeds toegankelijker worden. Alle grootmachten willen er op de eerste rij zitten.
Zo lieten de VS, die vanaf Thule Air Force Base tijdens de Koude Oorlog het vliegverkeer rond de pool in de gaten hielden, hun oog weer op het eiland vallen. Ze openden een consulaat in Nuuk en president Trump bood aan Groenland te kopen, een wat minder gelukkige zet. Ook Rusland en China (dat zich in 2018 tot ‘bijna-Arctische natie’ uitriep) meldden zich. Hun schepen duiken steeds vaker onaangekondigd in Groenlandse wateren op. Tot nervositeit van moederland Denemarken, dat het gebied amper kan controleren.
Groenland zelf (met slechts 56.000 inwoners) ziet met de verhoopte inkomsten uit olie- en gaswinning en mijnbouw de kansen op volledige zelfstandigheid toenemen. Al realiseert men zich dat dit ook een prijs kan hebben, zoals de instroom van grote aantallen expats. ‘Als we niet uitkijken’, zei oud-premier Nicolaj Kleist over de mijnbouw, ‘hebben we hier straks meer Chinezen dan Groenlanders.’
6. Samenwerking: regulering nodig
Vanwege de klimaatverandering en alle nieuwe economische activiteiten is multilaterale samenwerking hard nodig om een duurzaam gebruik van de Arctische Oceaan veilig te stellen. Bestaande afspraken voldoen volgens zeerecht-specialist Erik Molenaar (Netherlands Institute for the Law of the Sea, Utrecht) niet meer. ‘Ze zijn te specifiek, niet bindend en niet gericht op het gebied als geheel.’
Het Arctisch gebied kent geen equivalent van het Verdrag inzake Antarctica uit 1959, dat de omgang met dit onbewoonde continent regelt. De enige pendant is het 100 jaar oude Spitsbergenverdrag, dat vastlegt dat Noorwegen namens 46 lidstaten de soevereiniteit heeft over de archipel, maar dat ze er allemaal economisch actief mogen zijn (alleen Noorwegen en Rusland doen dit, de laatste via een voormalige Nederlandse kolenmijn in Barentszburg), zij het dat Noorwegen een veto houdt over delfstoffenwinning en milieuzaken.
Wat het Noordpoolgebied wèl heeft is de Arctische Raad, een overlegorgaan van de acht noordelijke staten en de inheemse volkeren van de regio (waarbij Denemarken aan tafel zit namens Groenland en de Faeröer). Maar de Raad gaat alleen over maritieme zaken, en afspraken (zoals in 2019 een visserijmoratorium) zijn niet bindend of afdwingbaar. Niet-arctische staten, zoals Nederland, en ngo’s hebben slechts een waarnemersstatus.
De kansen op een echt multilateraal ‘Verdrag inzake Arctica’ lijken in deze nationalistische tijden klein. Een haalbaar alternatief zou volgens Molenaar een soort ‘raamwerkverdrag’ kunnen zijn onder de vlag van het VN-Zeerechtverdrag (UNCLOS), dat als een kapstok kan dienen om deelafspraken over scheepvaart, natuurbescherming of duurzame grondstofwinning aan op te hangen.
Het Noordpoolgebied zou, met relatief weinig, relatief rijke en stabiele landen en veel gezamenlijke problemen, het deel van de wereld kunnen zijn waar de internationale samenwerking bloeit. In de woorden van Gert Polet van WWF: ‘Als er ergens een blauwdruk van de wereldvrede te vinden is, dan hier.’
GERELATEERDE VIDEO'S, geselecteerd en gepost door peter2011
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Age of Superhumans, Gene Editing with CRISPR & A.I.
Age of Superhumans, Gene Editing with CRISPR & A.I.
Age of Superhumans, Gene Editing with CRISPR & A.I. What could possibly go wrong?
CRISPR (/ˈkrɪspər/) (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is a family of DNA sequences found in the genomes of prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria and archaea. These sequences are derived from DNA fragments of bacteriophages that had previously infected the prokaryote. They are used to detect and destroy DNA from similar bacteriophages during subsequent infections. Hence these sequences play a key role in the antiviral (i.e. anti-phage) defense system of prokaryotes.
Cube Exiting Earths Sun On #SOHO And #NASA Images! Dec 31, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Cube Exiting Earths Sun On #SOHO And #NASA Images! Dec 31, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Dec 31, 2020
Location of sighting: Earths Sun
Source: SOHO/NASA images EIT 284 at 13:06
Ten years ago I was first to notice and report a huge dark cube exiting and entering Earths sun. I used satellite photos from SOHO/NASA websites.
Notice two large explosions on the sun, one of which the cube just came from.
Here again is another cube I caught just last night. The cube is huge, many times bigger than Earth. Also the cube is covered in some of the suns material, which means its coming from inside the sun. If this was pixels, there would never be solar material on the cube, but...this isn't the first time I saw this, but closer to the twentieth time with solar material on it. The two screenshots have added contrast in order to see the cube more clearly. Below are the original photos untouched. You decide, but this really proves my theory of a hollow sun being used and occupied by alien planets and ships.
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UFO Crash Site on Mars, 190 Meters Wide Alien Spacecraft
UFO Crash Site on Mars, 190 Meters Wide Alien Spacecraft
In 2000 the Mars Global Surveyor captured many images of the Medusae Fossae Formation when a NASA image specialist discovered a very unusual object half buried in the Martian soil what appeared to be a crashed alien craft which is approximately 190 meters wide and impacted the surface at a low angle.
Despite frantic efforts to make this amazing finding public the image mysteriously disappeared several times from the website of the NASA specialist, but surprisingly the image released on October 16, 2000 remained on the NASA servers.
But after rechecking the original image it has now been deleted as well, which is of course very suspicious.
Left the original Mars image - Right image shows Page Not Found - Image has been removed.
Do aliens exist? The mystery has never been solved but there have been sightings every now and then. In one such shocking incident, an unidentified flying object was reportedly spotted in the evening sky over Leeward Oahu. If reports are to be believed, hundreds of witnesses dialed 9-1-1 on Tuesday, December 29, 2020, at around 8.30 pm.
Several witnesses recalled spotting the large blue object and claimed that it fell into the ocean. In fact, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) was also alerted and they later confirmed that there were no aircraft incidents or accidents in this area at the time. Bizarre, isn't it? Apparently, it was one of the clearest and most well documented mass UFO sightings in years and many social media users thought it was the perfect end to 2020!
Watch the video of the reported UFO sighting here:
When was it spotted?
The outlet spoke to several witnesses. In one video, a woman named Misitina Sape can be heard saying, “Something is in the sky. What is that?” She said she captured the image at 8.26 pm near Haleakala Avenue in Nanakuli.
Another woman named Moriah spotted a similar object passing over Princess Kahanu Estates. “I look up and then I was like oh s***!” she said. “I started calling my husband and them because they were all in the garage. I was like hey. Come look up there. See if you see what I see. They all said yea!” Interestingly, the 38-year-old has never believed in UFOs but was taken aback by the sight of the bright blue object.
What does the UFO look like?
According to HawaiiNewsNow, multiple videos of “what appears to be a glowing‚ oblong mass — both in the sky and in the water” started floating around. Moriah called it “larger than a telephone pole” and said it didn't make any sound. Reportedly, the husband-wife duo jumped in the car and started following it. “I don’t know what it was,” she said. “This one was going so fast.”
Going by their statement, the journey ended less than three miles from where it began. The two stopped the car on Farrington Highway in front of the Board of Water Supply building after the object appeared to drop into the ocean. In one of Moriah’s videos you can hear her say, “(It) went land in the water. Whatever it is.” She added, “We called 911. For have like one cop or somebody for come out and come check em out.”
Was there a second light?
After the blue light vanished, Moriah said they spotted a second light. “My husband went look up and he saw the white one coming,” she said. “The white one was smaller. Was coming in the same direction as the blue one.” Sadly, they lost track of it after it passed over a nearby mountain.
When Honolulu police were asked if investigators could find out what it really was, a spokesperson said no information could be gathered as of then. FAA spokesperson Ian Gregor said the agency received a report from police about a possible plane down in the area “but had no aircraft disappear off radars. And no reports of overdue or missing aircraft.” Back in 2015, a similar incident occurred when strange lights were seen above West Oahu.
What are the theories?
Even after a couple of days to think over it, Moriah said, “To this day I don’t know,” adding, “If you guys can find out what it was, I like know, you know?” After the incident was shared online, social media users had several theories. One Reddit user poked fun at the incident and said, “Looks like a blue dildo.”
“I remember a story of a flying saucer landing on an airforce base with people coming out. It eventually flew away. Government officials eventually confiscated the video and it has been lost forever into the deep classified archives. We have proof of this stuff but for some reason, the government wants to hide all the hard evidence,” another Reddit user said.
A third called it a “balloon d**k” but a fourth one added, “Giant helium dick balloon was my first thought too. Maybe with a glowstick. Any Bachelorette parties in the area? Lol.” Another posted, “It looks like a drone or balloon with some Christmas lights or LEDs strapped onto it. Not exactly farfetched given this was taken on New Year's Eve - when people like putting bright things into the sky. Why the hell is this even news.”
(@MariettaDaviz/Twitter)
Is it real?
Pondering over it, one Reddit user wrote, “So what's larger than a telephone pole? Can move "really fast" but slow enough for a woman (with others) to chase it in a car, to see it 'fall into the water', but then lose sight of it as it passed over a steep hill nearby? She never got close enough to give more of a description of it than 'I don't know what it was'? Police officers investigated, but we don't know if any saw it, but Police asked the CAA if there was aircraft down in the area. Which there wasn't. And the reporter says there are multiple videos but nothing they could get was better than what we see here. Puzzling.”
Another said, “I'm done questioning UFOs. We know they're here, now I want to know why. Why does a bright ass blue purple space ship come down out of the sky, and then just chill half out of water?”
A third wrote, “This is right near my house, 30-45 minute drive at most. This makes me wonder if it has anything to do with my recent experiences and my desire to connect. I will say that the fireworks in the area went off for at least 2-3 hours before New Years and then a straight 1h until 1am of “grand finale” style fireworks, but nothing even comes close to this. I’d say hello if it is in fact a UFO/USO and wanna stop by!”
Witnesses filmed a large blu unidentified flying object that appeared to drop into the ocean. This happened on 30th December 2020 around 8:30pm. This happened in Oahu in Honolulu, Hawaii.
AN ANCIENT CASE OF MISTAKEN IDENTITY REVEALS A STRANGE AMPHIBIAN
AN ANCIENT CASE OF MISTAKEN IDENTITY REVEALS A STRANGE AMPHIBIAN
You won't be able to keep up with the twists and turns in this story.
CONDUCTING SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH can often feel like taking part in a detective mystery. You spent so much time hunt for evidence, dodging red herrings, and devising theories, only to realize that your deductions were wrong.
Then, suddenly, a new clue manifests as if out of thin air, leading you down a new, long, winding road to discover the true culprit at the heart of your scientific mystery.
That's exactly what happened earlier this year, when a team of scientific researchers found themselves investigating an ancient case of mistaken identity — one which led to a surprising amphibian culprit.
INVERSE IS COUNTING DOWN THE 20 MOST WTF SCIENCE STORIES OF 2020. THIS IS NUMBER 3. SEE THE FULL LIST HERE.
An image of the fossils from the 2016 paper.
In 2016, Juan Diego Daza and his colleagues announced a discovery any paleontologist could be proud of: A 99-million-year-old chameleon, preserved in amber. Daza is an assistant professor of Biological Sciences at Sam Houston State University and was the lead author on the 2016 study detailing the fossil find.
But not long after the announcement, Daza got a call from fellow paleontologist Susan Evans that would change everything.
The mysterious creature they had found was not, in fact, a chameleon, Evans suggested. Rather, it was a strange, ancient amphibian known as and albanerpetontid, though some researchers give it the nickname "Albie."
"The albanerpetontids — they’re very unusual amphibians," Daza told Inverse at the time. "In a way, the body shape is similar to a salamander in the sense that they have four legs. And they have a tail — something that other amphibians that are alive today [don’t have]."
But the researchers needed more evidence than Evans' word. In another stroke of luck, Daza received an email from gemologist Adolf Peretti that would lead to the confirmation of the albie's identity.
Peretti had a collection of 60 vertebrate fossils from Myanmar, where Daza found his specimen. At Daza's suggestion, Peretti conducted a CT scan of his collection.
A modern chameleon uses its tongue to snatch prey — not unlike the ancient albie.Johan_Barnard
Lo and behold: Peretti had an adult albie fossil in his collection. Daza and researchers compared their specimen to Peretti's, confirming that what they had found in 2016 was indeed an albie — not a chameleon as previously thought.
Daza and his colleagues released an updated research paper describing their mistake in November of this year in the journal Science.
It's easy to see how the mistake was made. Albies sported claws and scales that more closely resembled reptilian features rather than amphibians.
Plus, the albie had a wicked cool slingshot tongue it used to ensnare prey, similar to modern chameleons. With this finding, Daza and his team may have confirmed the oldest projectile tongue ever discovered in nature.
HERE'S HOW IT WORKS:
"They remain steady until a prey approaches and when the prey is in the range of their tongue, they will shoot at the tongue quickly. And, usually, the tongue is sticky at the end. And that allows them to engulf the prey and drag it to their mouths," Daza says.
INVERSE IS COUNTING DOWN THE 20 STORIES THAT MADE US SAY 'WTF' IN 2020. THIS IS NUMBER 3. READ THE ORIGINAL STORY HERE.
Humans often like to relish the fact that they’re the most intelligent creatures in the animal kingdom. Sure, a generous brain-to-body-mass ratio can be a nice ego boost, but let’s not kid ourselves. After all, there are birds that act more reasonably and in cleverer ways than some humans whom I know personally. That may sound like an exaggeration, but wait until you learn what corvids, particularly crows and ravens, are capable of pulling off.
Crows and ravens may look very similar to the untrained eye, but their appearance and behavior clearly distinguish them from one another once you know where to look.
Compared to ravens, crows are less shiny and smaller. Crows also prefer to live in densely human-populated areas like urban landscapes, whereas ravens would much rather forage in wilder areas. However, if you really want to tell the two apart look at the bill and tail. Crows have smaller and flat bills, while those of ravens are bigger, more powerful and curved. Crow tails are fan-shaped while ravens have wedge-shaped ones.
Both birds are extremely intelligent for their body size, though, and extremely resourceful given they can only count on their bills to manipulate objects and the world around them. Yup, it’s easy to do smart things when you have opposable thumbs.
1. Crows and ravens use tools, but also make their own tools, sometimes using other tools they manufactured earlier
A crow using its tool to stir out some food. Image credits: James St. Clair.
You can tell right away that a species is capable of complex cognitive abilities when it uses tools. Corvids not only know how to employ tools, but they also make their own.
Scottish researchers at the University of St Andrews observed New Caledonian crows — birds which live on the remote tropical island of New Caledonia in the South Pacific — fashioning hooked twigs to stir beetles from their holes.
“It’s a painstaking sequence of behaviours,” explains lead author Dr. James St Clair, from the School of Biology, University of St Andrews. “Crows seek out particular plant species, harvest a forked twig, and then – firmly holding it underfoot – carve, nibble and peel its tip, until it has a neat little hook.”
According to Clair and colleagues, hooked tools yield between 2 and 10 times more food than a straight twig. That’s a huge difference, and the crows likely recognized the improved yield.
In another mind-boggling example, researchers have witnessed not one, but two crows inserting sticks into objects to allow for easier transport. Some of these objects were too cumbersome to carry by beak alone, which is telling of the birds’ ingenuity.
Researchers at Lund University in Sweden witnessed two crows inserting sticks into objects that were too cumbersome to lift by beak alone. During four instances, the crows slipped a wooden stick inside a metal nut or into the hole of a large wooden ball. In all instances, both stick (carrying tool) and the hooked objects were flown away by the crows, the researchers reported in the journal Animal Cognition.
In a 2002 study, researchers followed a captive New Caledonian crow called Betty that took a piece of wire, bent it into a hook, then retrieved some food that was otherwise out of reach. Betty used the wire after another crow had taken all the available hooks.
Alex Taylor, a researcher at the University of Auckland in New Zealand, believes that the birds are using a sort of “mental template matching,” forming a mental picture of the tool-making process they’d seen in another bird, then copying it.
This is quite akin to how humans learn and pass on new skills between one another — through cultural transmission.
“Under the mental template matching hypothesis, New Caledonian crow tool designs could be passed on to subsequent generations if an individual used or observed the products of tool manufacture (such as their parents’ tools), formed a mental template of this type of tool design (a mental representation of some or all of the tool’s properties), and then reproduced this template in their own manufacture,” Taylor and colleagues wrote in a study published Scientific Reports.
This New Caledonian crow made a hook out of a paper card from scratch in order to receive a reward.
Credit: Sarah Jelbert
During one logic test, ravens had to reach a hanging piece of food by pulling up a string, anchoring it with its claw, and repeating until the food was within reach. Many ravens got the food on the first try, some within 30 seconds. In the wild, ravens have been seen pushing rocks towards people to keep them from climbing to their nests, stealing fish by pulling a fisherman’s line out of holes in the ice, imitating wolves in order to attract them, and playing dead beside a beaver carcass to scare other ravens away from a delicious feast.
2. Crows remember and respond to people’s faces (and can hold a grudge)
Most birds or animals scatter when a human is approaching no matter what. However, crows only fly away when people are actually heading their away, as opposed to just strolling past them. But there’s much more to it than meets the eye.
A study published in the journal Ethology, led by Barbara Clucas of Humboldt State University, revealed new dimensions in the crow’s social reasoning. Namely, the researchers found that crows can recognize, respond and adapt their behavior to specific human faces.
In one of their experiments, the researchers separated into two groups, each wearing a different type of mask. One of the groups would trap crows in the park, while the other would just pass crows by.
Five years later, the researchers returned to the park with their mask on. Lo and behold, birds present at the original trapping events remembered which masks corresponded to being captured—and they passed this information to their young and other crows. All the crows responded to the sight of a researcher wearing a trapping mask by immediately mobbing the individual and shrieking.
“It’s one thing to learn from one’s own experience and another to observe that happening to other individuals and infer it could happen to you,” John Marzluff of the University of Washington, a co-author of the paper explained.
Seeing crows communicate abstract information and symbols (the particular type of mask associated with trapping) to other crows that did not have first hand, affective information is truly impressive.
When the crows viewed human faces that they associated with threat or care, the birds had increased activity in the amygdala, thalamus, and brain stem—areas related to emotional processing and fear learning. In response to threatening faces, areas that regulate perception, attention, and fleeing also lit up. That’s quite similar to how humans process faces in the brain.
Corvids don’t just hold grudges, though. Researchers found that when they behaved fairly with crows, the birds would bring back shiny objects as a token of gratitude for being nice to them.
3. Ravens use gestures to point out things and communicate
A male raven showing off an object in his beak to his peers. Typically, ravens will point out objects to females. Credit: Thomas Bugnyar.
In a 2011 study, German and Austrian researchers described how ravens would use their beaks in the same manner a human might use their hands to point out objects such as moss, stones, and twigs.
Besides gesturing, the ravens also interacted with their peers using various objects, touching or clasping their bills together, or by manipulating the item together.
“Most exciting is how a species, which does not represent the prototype of a ‘gesturer’ because it has wings instead of hands, a strong beak and can fly, makes use of very sophisticated nonvocal signals,” Simone Pika of the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology in Munich, Germany told LiveScience.
Pika believes that ravens could offer a unique glimpse into the origin of gestures in humans.
“Gesture studies have too long focused on communicative skills of primates only. The mystery of the origins of human language, however, can only be solved if we look at the bigger picture and also consider the complexity of the communication systems of other animal groups,” the researcher said.
4. Crows understand water displacement better than some children
In Aesop’s famous fable, The Crow and the Pitcher, a thirsty crow finds a pitcher with a bit of water left in the bottom. Alas, the bird’s beak isn’t long enough to reach it. But the clever crow is steadfast and drops stones into the pitcher until the water comes to it.
Turns out this is no fiction. A 2014 study showed that crows understand water displacement at the level of a 5- to 7-year-old-child. For instance, when researchers put pieces of meat floating in a long narrow glass, the crows figured out that they could add objects to the container to raise the water level and bring the treat to them. You can see them in action in the video below.
5. Ravens can tell when people are spying on them (and can get paranoid)
When people suspect they’re being watched, they tend to be very self-conscious. And if they don’t want to be seen, they will minimize their movements. This level of abstraction was thought to be unique to humans, but a 2014 study published in Nature Communicationsshowed the ravens are also aware when they’re being spied upon.
During one experiment, ravens were placed in adjacent tiny rooms, separated by a window. Initially, the window was left uncovered so each raven could see where its neighbor was hiding food. Later, the window was covered, leaving only a small peephole, which the ravens quickly learned they could use to see but also be seen through.
The researchers played an audible track from one of the cages which sounded like a raven was in the process of hiding food (scratching, pecking, dirt being displaced). Only when the peephole was left uncovered did the neighboring raven bother to take extra care in hiding its food. The bird hurried to hide the food and once the audio track stopped playing, the raven returned to the hiding spot to improve the concealment. If the peephole was closed the raven was careless, suggesting it understood that no one could track its actions.
6. Crows can solve highly complex puzzles
BBC Two journalists put corvid intelligence to the ultimate test by setting up the most complex animal puzzle ever. Captured wild crows completed eight individual steps, which they had to solve in a specific order, to gain access to a food reward. To do so, the crows had to collect tools and interact with puzzles to move to the next step. Watch the video of the experiment — it’s crazy good.
7. Crows hitch rides on eagles
Wildlife photographer Phoo Chan caught the shot of a lifetime: a crow riding atop a bald eagle. Although the scene only lasted for a few seconds, it speaks volumes about crows’ fearsomeness, even when faced with a much larger predator.
It might not be the smartest move, but it sure is freaking amazing.
The Mysterious Tale of the Man from Taured – Evidence for Parallel Universes? Or an Embellishment?
The Mysterious Tale of the Man from Taured – Evidence for Parallel Universes? Or an Embellishment?
The Man from Taured (sometimes referred to as the Taured Mystery or the Man without a Country ) is a story about a man who arrives at a Japanese airport from a country called Taured. Many people have claimed this story to be true, so the crux of the problem pertains to Taured. One would notice that there is no country by the name of Taured, either today or during the purported period of time when the incident took place, i.e. the 1950s. The story ends with the man disappearing (forever) a day after arriving in Japan. Moreover, all of his personal documents, such as his passport and driver’s license also (conveniently) disappeared, thus making this strange story unsolvable.
The Man’s Arrival
The story of the ‘Man from Taured’ begins quite specifically in many sources with a hot day in July 1954. On that particular day, a man was said to have arrived at Haneda Airport, known also as Tokyo International Airport. This man has been described as Caucasian looking with a beard. Whilst his primary language is said to have been French, it has been purported that he spoke Japanese and many other languages as well. So far, there is nothing extraordinary to note..
The sequence of events then differs according to which version of the story one encounters. In one version, this man hands over his passport to be stamped, and the Japanese immigration officer notices something strange. Whilst the passport looked authentic, the country where it was issued, ‘Taured’, was recognized as non-existent, either by the officer or one of his / her colleagues, indicating that the man should be taken away for interrogation. In another version, the man mentioned that he was from Taured, and when the immigration officer did not believe him, he showed him / her his passport.
The next part of the story details the man trying to convince the immigration officers that Taured does indeed exist. According to the traveler, Taured was located between France and Spain, and had by then been in existence for 1000 years.
When shown a map, the man pointed to the area occupied by the Principality of Andorra, and was puzzled as to why his country was called Andorra on the map. Both sides refused to give in – the Japanese officers insisted that Taured did not exist, and the traveler argued otherwise.
Location of Andorra (center of green circle) in Europe (dark grey).
Eventually, the man was held by the officers, as they were suspicious that he might be some kind of criminal. They brought him to a nearby hotel for the night, whilst they conducted their investigation. To ensure that the man did not escape during the night, two guards were placed outside his room. The next morning, when the officers went to the man’s room, they realized that he had simply vanished, as there were no signs of his escape. Additionally, all of his personal documents, which may serve as evidence for the story’s validity, had apparently disappeared as well.
Travel Through Time or Space? Or Just an Exaggeration?
One of the most notable explanations for this incident is that the man from Taured had somehow passed through a parallel dimension by accident, and ended up at Haneda Airport. It has been suggested that, based on this explanation, there is a parallel earth which is similar to ours with the exception that the locations called Andorra here is known as Taured over there. Another suggestion is that the man was a time traveler from the future, thou this interpretation is arguably more problematic than the one supposing inter-dimensional travel.
It has also been suggested that an incident like that did indeed happen, though perhaps much less sensational. This more mundane story could have been embellished each time it was told, so much so that it eventually evolved into the great mystery that it is known as today.
Finally, it is also entirely possible that this story is merely an urban legend. The story of the ‘Man from Taured’ might not have even occurred in the first place, and may have just been the creation of someone’s imagination.
Mysterious Light Flashes Are Coming from Deep Space, and AI Just Found More of Them
Mysterious Light Flashes Are Coming from Deep Space, and AI Just Found More of Them
Last year's mysterious outburst of deep-spacelight flashes was even more frenzied than previously thought, a new study reports.
On Aug. 26, 2017, astronomers with the Breakthrough Listen project — a $100 million effort to hunt for signs of intelligent alien life — spotted 21 repeating light pulses called fast radio bursts (FRBs) emanating from the dwarf galaxy FRB 121102 within the span of 1 hour.
Some scientists think FRBs come from fast-rotating neutron stars, but their source has not been nailed down. And that explains Breakthrough Listen's interest: It's possible that the bursts are produced by intelligent extraterrestrials, perhaps to blast space-sailing craft through the cosmos at incredible speeds, some folks have speculated. (Breakthrough Listen's sister project, Breakthrough Starshot, is developing a laser-based light-sailing system that aims to launch tiny probes toward alien solar systems in the next 30 years.)
And FRB 121102, which lies about 3 billion light-years from Earth, is particularly intriguing: It's the only known "repeater" source of FRBs, which otherwise tend to be one-offs.
In the new study, Breakthrough Listen team members based at the University of California, Berkeley SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) Research Center applied machine-learning techniques to the August 2017 data set, which was acquired by the Green Bank Telescope in West Virginia and was originally analyzed using traditional methods.
The researchers, led by UC Berkeley doctoral student Gerry Zhang, trained an algorithm called a "convolutional neural network" to spot FRBs among the 400 terabytes of data. The strategy is similar to that employed by IT companies to optimize internet search results, Breakthrough Listen representatives said in a statement.
Zhang and his colleagues dug up an additional 72 light flashes, bringing the total number of FRBs detected on that day, from that single source (whatever it may be), to 93.
"Not all discoveries come from new observations," Breakthrough Initiatives Executive Director Pete Worden said in the statement. (Breakthrough Listen is part of the larger Breakthrough Initiatives program, which also runs Breakthrough Starshot, Breakthrough Message and Breakthrough Watch.) "In this case, it was smart, original thinking applied to an existing dataset," Worden added. "It has advanced our knowledge of one of the most tantalizing mysteries in astronomy."
That mystery remains, of course; we still don't know what FRBs are. But the artificial intelligence approach employed in the new study could lead to a variety of advances down the road, Zhang said. "This work is only the beginning of using these powerful methods to find radio transients," he said in the same statement. "We hope our success may inspire other serious endeavors in applying machine learning to radio astronomy."
The new paper has been accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. You can read a copy of it for free at the Breakthrough Listen FRB 121102 site.
Recent studies suggests that up to 6 percent of Americans have been abducted by aliens. Most of these stories go unheard because it simply doesn’t fit any mainstream narrative. But what happens when they may be living among us? Not any small amount but an average of 5 million. Where are they and how have they managed to infiltrate the earth while being virtually unrecognizable?
Aliens on Earth
Confirming Aliens walk amongst us is one of those things we put into the same category as photographing a ghost. The one positive aspect of verifying UFO lore is reputable authors, theorists, professors and even government officials have collectively come together to expose the hidden truths about ET life on Earth. But who do we believe? Personally, I listen to those who have nothing to gain in terms of exposing how our government is in collusion with hiding these beings. Here’s a few that ring truth based on not only 100’s of similar accounts but 100’s of thousands.
Haim Eshed, Former Director of Israel’s Defense Ministry
Haim came forth with multiple jaw-dropping claims. He told Yediot Aharonot, an Israeli newspaper, that humans have made contact with aliens, and even formed a “galactic federation.” He stated:
Haim Eshed
“There is an agreement between the U.S. government and the aliens,” he said. “They signed a contract with us to do experiments here.” He also claimed that there’s an “underground base in the depths of Mars” that hosts both American astronauts and extraterrestrial representatives to the aforementioned galactic federation.
Eshed, who ran Israel’s space program for almost 30 years, is perhaps the highest-ranking official in the military-industrial complex to make the case that humans are in contact with aliens.
Dr. Young-hae Chi, Instructor at the University of Oxford
Young-hae Chi strongly believes abductions are real and claims to know what the aliens have in mind. In multiple lectures he’s given at Oxford, he says they’re creating alien-human hybrids as a hedge against climate change. To support his unorthodox theory, Chi notes that for several decades the number of reported alien abductions has risen. He bases this statement on the work of David Jacobs, a retired Temple University historian who has published several books on ufology and who runs the International Center for Abduction. He still hold true to his beliefs.
“If they are far, they shouldn’t be concerned about us. I don’t think they are from far away, they are just next to us, we can’t see them. We can use an analogy of fish which can think and perceive things only in the way they can and humans also perceive only in the way we can, so our perception of the world is limited by our organs.”
Dr. Young-Hae Chi, 2012 Conference
James McDonald, American Physicist
McDonald was best known for his research regarding UFOs. McDonald was a senior physicist at the Institute for Atmospheric Physics and a professor of meteorology at the University of Arizona. McDonald was one of the most prominent figures of his time who argued in favor of the extraterrestrial hypothesis as a plausible model of UFO phenomena. James interviewed over 500 UFO witnesses, uncovered many important government UFO documents, and gave presentations of UFO evidence. He testified before Congress during the UFO hearings of 1968.
McDonald also gave a famous talk called “Science in Default” to the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). It was a summary of the current UFO evidence and a critique of the 1969 Condon Report UFO study.
They Walk Among Us
Britain’s former first astronaut has recently stated that there could be alien beings living among us on Earth:
“It’s possible they’re here right now and we simply can’t see them.”
She also stated in a later interview:
“Aliens exist, there’s no two ways about it.”
That astronaut, Helen Patricia Sharman, had gone on a space mission in May of 1991, to visit the Soviet Mir space station, and was the first of seven British astronauts that ventured into outer space.
What Do You Believe?
Here at UfoHolic, we keep an open mind. Not every account or alien theory is verifiable but validity is added to a claim when multiple stories are shared with exact similarities or theories. We are not alone. How could we believe we are when we have yet to discover less than half of our oceans and portions of our rainforests. Why not keep an open mind to the sun and stars and everything that originates from them.
China plans to build a scientific research station on the moon in "about 10 years," according to the state news agency Xinhua.
The China National Space Administration (CSNA) intends to build the research station in the region of the moon's south pole, Zhang Kejian, head of CSNA, said in a public statement, Xinhua reported. That's a bit of a departure from the six successful NASA Apollo moon landings, which took place closer to the moon's equator between 1969 and 1972.
Details of China's long-term lunar plans are still sketchy, but CSNA has made significant steps toward lunar exploration. Earlier this year, the Chinese successfully landed the uncrewed Chang'e-4 on the far side of the moon, and have also placed astronauts aboard two temporary space stations, Tiangong-1 and Tiangong-2. Their space agency also plans to put a larger, more permanent station into orbit in the coming years. [Photos from the Moon's Far Side! China's Chang'e 4 Lunar Landing]
The first parts of that permanent station will reach orbit aboard the country's new Long March-5B rocket in the first half of 2020,Agence France-Presse (AFP) reported; the missionwill not be associated with the International Space Station. The ISS is reaching the end of its operational lifetime, plus the United States and China do not cooperate on spaceflight endeavors.
Kejian also announced that Chang'e-5, an uncrewed lunar lander originally scheduled for launch in 2017, will attempt to reach the moon and return with samples in 2019, Xinhua reported.
China currently spends more on spaceflight than any country except the U.S., according to AFP. At the moment, the U.S. is unable to put humans in space without hitching a ride on a Russian rocket; plans to change that model by using for-profit rockets – such as those owned by SpaceX – have hit some snags. Still, American officials have also suggested that there are plans to return to the moon and stay on the world for an extended period in the near future.
THESE CELESTIAL OBJECTS MAY BE RESPONSIBLE FOR LIFE IN THE UNIVERSE
THESE CELESTIAL OBJECTS MAY BE RESPONSIBLE FOR LIFE IN THE UNIVERSE
We really are all made of star stuff.
ALL OF THE ELEMENTS that make up everything we know originally forged in the stars billions of years ago, and scientists may have narrowed down exactly which stars gave rise to our own existence.
In a study published in July in the journal Nature Astronomy, a team of scientists suggested white dwarf stars may be the main source of carbon atoms in the Milky Way. Carbon is known to be crucial to all life as we know it.
When stars like our own Sun, a yellow dwarf star, run out of fuel, they turn into a white dwarf. In fact, 90 percent of all stars in the universe end up as white dwarf stars, scientists believe.
INVERSE IS COUNTING DOWN THE 20 MOST UNIVERSE-ALTERING MOMENTS OF 2020. THIS IS NUMBER 1. SEE THE FULL LIST HERE.
White dwarfs are hot, dense stellar remains with temperatures that reach 100,000 Kelvin, or 179,540 degrees Fahrenheit. Over billions of years, these stars cool and eventually dim as they shed their outer material. Right before they collapse, these remains are transported through space, blown by winds originating from their bodies.
These stellar ashes contain chemical elements, including carbon.
Carbon is the fourth most abundant chemical in the universe and is the basic building block to most cells. For years, astronomers couldn’t agree on which star was responsible for creating the most amount of carbon in the universe.
HOW THEY DID IT
The scientists behind the September study used observations of white dwarfs in open star clusters, groups of a few thousand stars formed around the same time, in the Milky Way by the W. M. Keck Observatory in Hawaii in 2018.
They measured the stars' initial-final mass relation, which is the relationship between the stars' masses when they first formed and their masses as white dwarfs.
Usually, the larger the star was, the more massive a white dwarf will be. But the study found the stars' masses as white dwarfs were larger than the scientists had anticipated considering their initial mass when they first formed.
The new findings suggest carbon was essentially trapped in the raw material that formed the Solar System 4.6 billion years ago, giving scientists a better understanding of the origin of our Sun and the planets surrounding it. And, in turn, where we came from.
INVERSE IS COUNTING DOWN THE 20 MOST UNIVERSE-ALTERING MOMENTS OF 2020. THIS IS NUMBER 1. READ THE ORIGINAL STORY HERE.
Beresheet had some unusual cargo. In an attempt to document life on Earth, a non-profit organization by the name of The Arch Mission sent a library to the Moon aboard the craft. The library of life included a stack of disks archiving 30 million pages of information about Earth, a copy of the entire English-language Wikipedia, human DNA samples, and a mega-payload of thousands of tardigrades.
INVERSE IS COUNTING DOWN THE 20 MOST UNIVERSE-ALTERING MOMENTS OF 2020. THIS IS NUMBER 7. SEE THE FULL LIST HERE.
Tardigrades are microscopic animals, otherwise known as water bears. They may also now be the only (potentially) alive organisms on the Moon.
Beresheet's strange occupants were dehydrated tardigrades, a process which essentially slows their metabolism down and suspends them in a near-life state. The idea was that, if they were to be rehydrated by someone or something, then they would come back to life, ostensibly telling future lunar explorers about life on Earth today.
Tardigrades have been shown to withstand the rigors of life in space.SEBASTIAN KAULITZKI/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/Science Photo Library/Getty Images
But the spacecraft carrying the tardigrades didn’t land on the Moon according to plan, instead crashing on the lunar surface and losing contact with ground control.
Despite the impact, scientists believe that if anything survived the crash intact, it may well have been the tardigrades. The microscopic creatures were sandwiched between micron-thin sheets of nickel and suspended in epoxy, a resin-like preservative that acts like a jelly — potentially enough to cushion their landing.
This is not a totally outlandish idea. Tardigrades have been shown to survive the harsh conditions of space in the past.
In September 2007, two species of dehydrated tardigrades were exposed to the vacuum of space, solar radiation, or both on board NASA’s Foton-M3 mission. Back on Earth, after they were rehydrated, the tardigrades exposed to the vacuum of space survived as though nothing had happened.
But if they did stick the landing, the tardigrades would have a hard time finding liquid water on the lunar surface to rejuvenate them — so they may not have taken over quite yet.
The idea of tiny, adorable water bears living their best life on the Moon sounds like the greatest Apollo spinoff, but unfortunately, it is less than likely a reality.
INVERSE IS COUNTING DOWN THE 20 MOST UNIVERSE-ALTERING MOMENTS OF 2020. THIS IS NUMBER 7. READ THE ORIGINAL STORY HERE.
On January 1, 1801, the Italian priest, mathematician and astronomer Giuseppe Piazzi discovered the first asteroid, now called Ceres. It orbits in the asteroid belt, between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. These days, Ceres is no longer classified as an asteroid, however. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union decided Ceres was big enough to be designated a dwarf planet. Ceres became the first-ever dwarf planet to be orbited by a spacecraft, from 2015 to 2018, when NASA’s Dawnmission peered down at Ceres and unlocked some of its mysteries.
The story of the discovery of Ceres goes back to German astronomer Johannes Kepler and to Tycho Brahe, a Danish nobleman and inveterate night sky observer, in the 1500s. When Kepler obtained Tycho’s astronomical data, he searched it for the explanation behind the motion of the planets, in particular Mars’ retrograde motion. This work led Kepler to what is one of his most praised discoveries, what we today know as Kepler’s three laws of planetary motion.
However, Kepler’s analysis also led him to discover something else. He noticed an unusually large empty area between the orbits of the planets Mars and Jupiter. This gap, combined with his realization of the regularity of the planets’ orbits, provoked Kepler to assert there must be something in the gap. He thought it might be an undiscovered planet and famously wrote:
Between Jupiter and Mars, I place a planet.
Kepler wasn’t the only one to notice this strange gap. At the beginning of the 18th century, Johann Titius, a Prussian astronomer, stated a relationship between the planet’s orbital distances from the sun, later popularized by German astronomer Johann Bode, today called the Titius-Bode Law. Briefly … begin with a 0, and then 3, and then double each subsequent number. If you do that, you get a series: 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, etc. Then add 4 and divide by 10, and you get (more or less) the distances in astronomical units (AU) to the major planets of our solar system: 0.4, 0.7, 1.0, 1.6, 2.8, 5.2, and so on. But notice that 2.8 AU. It corresponds to the distance of the space between Mars and Jupiter.
But, still, nobody thought much about a possible planet between Mars and Jupiter until 1781, when William Herschel accidentally discovered a new planet – the first one found since humans began gazing at the sky – which we now call Uranus. Its distance from the sun was close to the one predicted by Titius-Bode.
And so the search was on! By the end of the 18th century, a group of astronomers who called themselves the Celestial Police took on the task of finding out what lay in the gap between Mars and Jupiter.
Giuseppe Piazzi was supposed to be one of the members, but before he received his invitation, he had already discovered Ceres in early 1801. At first, he thought the small spot he was seeing was just a dim star not included in his chart. On the next day, however, Piazzi saw that it had moved and therefore could not be a star. Illness and unfavorable weather prevented Piazzi from observing his new finding for a few nights. But by January 24, 1801 – by tracking its motion in front of the stars and thereby calculating its distance – he was certain the object was a member of our own solar system.
It was, of course, hailed as the missing planet! Piazzi named it Ceres after the Roman goddess of agriculture, fertility and harvest. Soon, though, other astronomers began finding similar bodies at Ceres’ approximate distance from the sun. German physician and astronomer Heinrich Olbers discovered the asteroid Pallas in 1802 and Vesta in 1807.
The Titius-Bode Law was disproved in 1846 with the discovery of Neptune, whose distance is much closer than predicted by this law. Today, astronomers still can’t explain why it seemed to work at first; most regard it as a coincidence.
Fast forward to 2006. The IAU designated Pluto, Ceres, and Eris as dwarf planets. A year later, NASA launched the Dawn spacecraft, the first spacecraft ever with two destinations to explore: first Vesta (which it orbited in 2011 and 2012) and then Ceres (which it orbited from 2015 to 2018).
Therefore, Ceres has been “discovered” a second time, as a wealth of data about the dwarf planet poured in from Dawn. We’ve learned that organics exist on Ceres, such as those found near Emutet Crater. We discovered bright spots of salt deposits, water in shadowed craters and under the surface, plus a volcano that might be responsible for recent geologic activity. You can read more about Dawn’s discoveries at NASA’s dedicated mission page.
NASA’s Dawn spacecraft acquired this image of dwarf planet Ceres on February 19, 2015, from a distance of nearly 29,000 miles (46,000 km).
Image via NASA/ JPL-Caltech/ UCLA/ MPS/ DLR/ IDA.
Ceres’ bright spots from Dawn’s closest orbit in 2016, just 240 miles (385 km) above its surface (lower than the space station is above Earth).
Bottom line: Ceres, the first asteroid to be discovered, on January 1, 1801, is now known as a dwarf planet and has revealed many of its secrets to NASA’s Dawn spacecraft.
ALL RELATED VIDEOS AND PKOTOS, selected and posted by peter2011
[NASA’s New Horizons probe snapped the first-ever close-up images of Pluto. Scientists continue to be stunned by its unexpectedly complex surface features.
Credit: NASA/JHUAPL/SRI]
[NASA's Dawn spacecraft has revealed many landslides on Ceres, which researchers interpret to have been shaped by a significant amount of water ice.
Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/UCLA/MPS/DLR/IDA]
[This orthographic projection shows dwarf planet Ceres as seen by NASA's Dawn spacecraft.
John Lear On The EBE’s, UFOs And The Grand Deception Coming! A Deeper Look At Adam & Eve And The Two Creations in Genesis! Awesome Video!!
John Lear On The EBE’s, UFOs And The Grand Deception Coming! A Deeper Look At Adam & Eve And The Two Creations in Genesis! Awesome Video!!
The Two Creations of Genesis
John Lear tells us important information of Area 51, EBEs and the UFO files and the grand deception being planned for Christians in this video.
I do not agree with Pastor Wickstom that Messiah Jesus did not exist. God of Abraham Isaac and Jacob can be 3 entities or one individual entity. The 3 entities of God of Abraham Isaac and Jacob are the Father, the Holy Spirit and the Logos and can act together or individually. It was the Logos that became flesh here on earth and was known as Yeshua Hamashiach or Messiah Jesus. The Bible makes it perfectly clear that no one comes to the Father except through his son Messiah Jesus, our Savior and Redeemr.
Jesus saith unto him, I am the way, the truth, and the life: no man cometh unto the Father, but by me.
(John 14:6 KJV)
The first creation of the white man is in Genesis 1 to 2:3 was the 144,000 Saints and the second creation of the white man is covered in Genesis 2.3 onwards which are the Elect See Link Below video for more details.
This is a fascinating video on John Lear’s notes on Area 51, the EBE’s, the UFOs, the gruesome experiments, MJ12, Project Snowbird, Project Acquarius and more. All of these EBE’s are demonic and are interdimnsional and not extra terrestrial. All EBE’s, demons, fallen angels and the gods and sons of gods known as the Anunnaki are malevolent and super evil. No one can enter the earth or exit the earth due to the firmament over the earth. It appears that the aliens are going to claim that they created Christ in the coming alien decepation part of Project Bluebeam.
ARCODEAUS – A DEEP LOOK AT ADAM, EVE AND TODAY – APRIL 23, 2013
I was looking at old historical film archives and found this one that really grabbed my attention. Not only is there a UFO that flies past the most memorable and historical moment of the Iwo Jima battle, but as it flies past, the soldiers turn from looking at the flag to looking at the UFO and then its cut out! There is 10-30 seconds missing from this historical film! Why? Because someone else also saw it and wanted to remove it from US history. However they did a poor job and the cut is not only deliberate, but obvious to all who see it.
This is 100% proof that aliens can time travel to any place or moment in history to watch humans and study them.
White TicTac Over Soul, South Korea On Dec 21, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
White TicTac Over Soul, South Korea On Dec 21, 2020, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Dec 21, 2020
Location of sighting: Soul, South Korea
Watch as this amazing tictac UFO shoots across the sky, recorded from a passenger jet. The UFO has no wings, no contrail, no tail or lights of any kind. It seems impossible, yet there it is. Lucky the eyewitness was recording flying over the area so we have this amazing evidence of the encounter. 100% proof that aliens are not just watching over South Korea, but protecting them from North Korea.
Beste bezoeker, Heb je zelf al ooit een vreemde waarneming gedaan, laat dit dan even weten via email aan Frederick Delaere opwww.ufomeldpunt.be. Deze onderzoekers behandelen jouw melding in volledige anonimiteit en met alle respect voor jouw privacy. Ze zijn kritisch, objectief maar open minded aangelegd en zullen jou steeds een verklaring geven voor jouw waarneming! DUS AARZEL NIET, ALS JE EEN ANTWOORD OP JOUW VRAGEN WENST, CONTACTEER FREDERICK. BIJ VOORBAAT DANK...
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
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