Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 13 YEARS.
ON 06/06/2024 MORE THAN 2.056.610
VISITORS FROM 134 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
09-03-2023
DR. JENNIFER NUZZO: H5N1 is deadlier than COVID-19 and it's spreading. Humans are not easily infected YET - but the NEXT pandemic may just be a few mutations away
DR. JENNIFER NUZZO: H5N1 is deadlier than COVID-19 and it's spreading. Humans are not easily infected YET - but the NEXT pandemic may just be a few mutations away
What's the cause of all these recent unusual events?
A highly pathogenic virus known as H5N1 - avian influenza.
Thankfully, H5N1 is not yet capable of spreading between people like the flu viruses we're used to battling in North America during the fall and winter.
Though the operable word is 'yet'.
Waterfowl are natural carriers of these dangerous viral strains. And most of the time, they don't pose a threat to humans, unless there is direct contact with infected animals or their waste.
Avian influenza viruses don't bind easily to human respiratory cells. Therefore, the disease is not readily transmitted from one person to another through coughing, sneezing or droplets in the breath.
But the increasing ability of H5N1 to spread among animals and directly infect people is stoking fears that the world may be just a few genetic mutations away from another pandemic.
And there are good reasons to worry.
Since 2022, in the United States alone, a record-breaking 58 million farm birds, like chickens and turkeys, have been killed or culled after exposure to the virus.
Tens of thousands of birds suddenly die in coastal Peru and throughout the Americas. (Above) Municipal workers collect dead pelicans on Santa Maria beach in Lima, Peru, Tuesday, Nov. 30, 2022
Then hundreds of sea lions turn up dead. And tragically, an 11 year old girl in Cambodia loses her life. (Above) Bean Narong died of the bird flu on February 22 after falling sick a week earlier
The virus has also jumped to red foxes, mink, racoons, skunks and other non-human mammals across the northwest, midwest and northeast.
In fact, various forms of H5N1 have been spreading in wildlife populations for more than 20 years and they are nasty.
H5N1 has wiped out entire flocks and devastated wildlife populations. Hundreds of people have gotten sick since the virus was first identified in 1997. And among those known to have gotten the virus, about half have died.
That makes H5N1 far more lethal than COVID-19.
What we don't know is how deadly the virus would be if it were to gain the ability to easily infect and transmit between humans.
Everytime a virus invades a cell, it makes copies of itself. Sometimes in the process it makes a mistake – a mutation. Mutations may not result in any changes in how the virus can infect or sicken. But as we've seen with the Delta and Omicron variants of the virus that causes COVID-19, sometimes these mutations can make the virus more transmissible.
And we do know enough to want to act swiftly to prevent that from happening.
H5N1 is hardly the first zoonotic virus – a pathogen that originates in wildlife and spills over into human populations - to pose a serious threat.
Human immunodeficiency virus or HIV, which has killed upwards of 40 million people and counting, first emerged in wildlife. The virus likely infected human populations multiple times before it gained the ability to spread and move around the world.
Since the emergence of HIV, there have been many more animal viruses that gained the ability to infect humans.
In the last twenty or so years, the list of zoonotic disease outbreaks that have occurred is staggering. The list includes Ebola, West Nile Virus, Mpox, pandemic influenza in 2009, and two new coronaviruses that predate the current COVID-19 pandemic.
Zoonotic diseases are thought to kill more than 2.7 million people across the globe each year.
That's astonishing.
And if that's not concerning enough, we're likely not ready for the next one.
The virus has also jumped to red foxes, mink, racoons, skunks and other non-human mammals across the northwest, midwest and northeast.
The steady drumbeat of these events signals to us that the accelerating emergence of new zoonotic diseases is the new normal.
Since the 1940s and 1950s when HIV may have first jumped from chimpanzees to humans, the frequency of zoonotic disease outbreaks has been steadily increasing.
By the end of the 20th century, the number of outbreaks of new infectious disease was more than five times greater than what was occurring in the 1940s - not all are zoonotic, but most are.
And stunningly, more than two thirds of all human outbreaks of new diseases have been caused by zoonotic pathogens
There are many possible reasons for this.
In North America and around the world, human land use is constantly expanding. We're putting new stresses on wildlife populations, increasing their likelihood of getting sick and becoming infected with new illnesses. Climate change is altering natural environments adding to the strain.
The animals themselves are migrating to new regions, creating new opportunities for them to come in contact with people, thus spreading new viruses. And repeated exposure to humans creates more opportunities for the diseases to mutate.
While all viruses are different, it would be folly to ignore that conditions which may have led to the HIV epidemic are magnified today.
If these viruses do become easily transmissible between humans, our modern behavior aids their spread. We are more mobile than ever before – any destination on the planet is reachable within 48 hours.
Finally, as bad as H5N1 avian influenza is, it may not be the worst zoonotic disease threat that we could face.
The U.S. has been preparing for a possible H5N1 pandemic for about 20 years. It has labs that can detect avian influenza and has stockpiled millions of doses of H5N1 vaccines.
Thanks to a seasonal influenza vaccine market, a global infrastructure to make vaccines for new influenza viruses already exists. The U.S. even has a secret supply of eggs to grow new influenza vaccines, if needed.
But as COVID-19 has shown us, when a completely new virus emerges and spreads, it is much harder to respond to it. If a new zoonotic disease emerges, we would not have ready access to the same tools we now employ to combat influenza or COVID-19.
Without vaccines or medicines to prevent or treat infections, we are left with masks and social distancing to contain the spread.
The U.S. has been preparing for a possible H5N1 pandemic for about 20 years. It has labs that can detect avian influenza and has stockpiled millions of doses of H5N1 vaccines.
Since 2022, in the United States alone, a record-breaking 58 million farm birds, like chickens and turkeys, have been killed or culled after exposure to the virus.
We need new tools and strategies to protect ourselves from contagious, zoonotic pathogens that don't just rely on our willingness to lockdown society and lock ourselves inside our homes. Forcing businesses and schools to close represents a failure to prepare.
We can't let zoonotic diseases like H5N1 spread unchecked or else they could mutate to become a bigger threat to humans.
The Biden Administration is right to consider vaccinating U.S. poultry against H5N1, but it's not enough.
That may protect U.S. agricultural interests, but it won't prevent the virus from infecting wildlife or mutating to more easily infect humans.
We need to do more.
Ensuring our schools and businesses are well-ventilated will not only reduce our vulnerability to future zoonotic threats, but will make us safer from other viruses, like seasonal influenza.
We shouldn't wait until our worst case scenario comes true to jump start research and development of new vaccines, rapid tests and medicines.
The World Health Organization recently called on governments to invest in developing prototype vaccines for every animal influenza strain so that they can be more rapidly evaluated and manufactured.
We need better surveillance of emerging wildlife viruses and of people who have high risk exposure to animals.
After three years of responding to COVID-19, the public and, crucially, politicians may have little willingness to do what it takes to prevent a new virus from upending our lives.
Funding for the response to COVID-19 has lapsed. Millions of healthcare workers have left their positions, leaving our fragmented and weakened pandemic healthcare entities further depleted. Efforts to develop new and improved vaccines for COVID-19 are stalled.
None of this bodes well for our readiness for the next pandemic.
We don't know when it may occur or what disease it will be, but we have lots of reasons to count on it being a zoonotic disease, and possibly one we've not yet seen before.
Animals, especially those on land, can't grow indefinitely. The reason has to do with the square-cube law.
An illustration of Argentinosaurus, possibly the most massive dinosaur that ever existed. (Image credit: Warpaintcobra via Getty Images)
The largest animal ever to walk on Earth was likely the dinosaur Argentinosaurus, a hulking 77-ton (70 metric tons) titanosaur that lived about 90 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous. For comparison, the heaviest animal on land today is the African elephant(Loxodonta), which weighs less than 7 tons (6 metric tons). And both look positively dainty next to the blue whale(Balaenoptera musculus), which, at an average of 165 tons (150 metric tons), may be the heaviest animal ever to have lived.
But could any animal ever top that? Is there a limit to how large an animal can get?
"We look at blue whales, and the question is whether we could get anything bigger," Geerat Vermeij(opens in new tab), a professor of geobiology and paleobiology at the University of California, Davis, told Live Science. "I'm not sure I'd be willing to say no to that question. Size depends on many factors, and I take a relativistic point of view."
At least in theory, though, there may be a hard limit — enforced by the laws of physics — of about 120 tons (109 metric tons) for land animals, according to Felisa Smith(opens in new tab), a professor of paleoecology at the University of New Mexico. "To be bigger than that, on land, your legs would have to be so wide to support your body that you couldn't efficiently walk," she told Live Science in an email.
Smith is referring to the square-cube law(opens in new tab), a mathematical principle first described by Galileo Galilei as "the ratio of two volumes is greater than the ratio of their surfaces." In other words, as an animal increases in size, its volume will grow faster than its surface area, so larger animals need much larger limbs to support their weight. If we were to merely scale up an elephant by several orders of magnitude, the square-cube law holds that it would collapse — its mass would increase by a power of three, while its limbs would increase in size by a power of two.
Elephants are the biggest land animals alive today. (Image credit: Shutterstock)
The only way our imaginary mega-elephant could overcome this limitation would be to have disproportionately large and thick legs. But even then, at around the 120-ton mark, the limbs necessary to keep the mega-elephant on its feet would become improbably bulky. "The largest animals in the fossil record are just under 100 tons [90 metric tons], which supports this theoretical maximum," Smith said, adding that "it's not clear that bigger ones couldn't have evolved."
But physics is not the only constraint on animal size. If it were, we would live in a world packed with 100-ton land animals, carefully toeing Galileo's square-cube line. Resource availability is also a significant factor — megafauna have to eat. "Animals that live in more productive environments with high quality foods are generally able to harbor larger maximum body sizes," said Jordan Okie(opens in new tab), a quantitative biologist at Arizona State University. "Whales, elephants, and other megabiota tend to live in productive, nutrient rich environments."
Nutrient requirements also explain why reptiles, like titanosaurs, grew much larger than even the largest land mammals, according to Smith. Because warm-blooded mammals have faster metabolisms, they require about 10 times the amount of food to support a given body size than reptiles do, Smith explained. Reptiles, on the other hand, have lower body temperatures and slower metabolisms, so they can afford to eat less and can grow on a calorie budget that would starve a mammal.
"Not surprisingly, the largest dinosaurs in terrestrial areas were about 10x bigger than the largest mammals," Smith said.
Blue whales, which can weigh about 165 tons and are warm-blooded mammals, are glaring exceptions to several of these rules. But their unique environment explains their success(opens in new tab). Marine megafauna can take advantage of their buoyancy to scale up in size without straining their muscles and bones, growing in ways that would make the limbs of land animals crumble. And whales have miles of open ocean at their disposal, which they travel to pursue meals.
Blue whale skeleton in the Natural History Museum (2018). (Image credit: Laura Geggel)
"Animals in water are expected to be less limited by biomechanical constraints," Okie told Live Science in an email. "The oceans also provide abundant, nutrient-dense resources for those animals that are mobile and resourceful." In particular, the evolution of baleen plates allowed whales to consume zooplankton efficiently enough to support their enormous sizes, Okie added.
Various constraints aside, the planet can clearly support megafauna. For hundreds of millions of years, megafauna were pervasive. Yet, throughout the past 20,000 years or so(opens in new tab), a mere blink in evolutionary time, megafauna have all but vanished. Large land mammals such as elephants and rhinos are in decline, existing in only specific parts of the world; several groups of marine megafauna, such as whales, are perpetually tottering on the brink of extinction. So where did all of the giants go?
"Humans eliminated most of them," Vermeij said. "Mammoths, elephants, bison, large carnivores — we've eliminated 90% of large animals, maybe more, and certainly all of the largest ones."
Humans are also the chief obstacle to the revival of these large species.
"You'd have to have no humans before megafauna could make a comeback," Vermeij said. "We're the dominant species, by far, and no animal is going to get large under our hegemony. The chances of getting anything as big as a Cretaceous dinosaur again are unlikely."
Sacred Marvels: 17 Cathedrals That Will Take Your Breath Away, In Pictures
Sacred Marvels: 17 Cathedrals That Will Take Your Breath Away, In Pictures
Cathedrals are some of the most awe-inspiring structures in the world, with their grandeur and intricate details captivating visitors for centuries. These religious buildings are often the most iconic landmarks of a city or region, featuring unique architectural styles and intricate works of art. Cathedrals can be found all around the world, from the towering spires of the Gothic cathedrals of Europe to the colorful domes of the Orthodox cathedrals in Eastern Europe and beyond. Many of these cathedrals have played significant roles in the history of their respective regions and continue to be important cultural and religious centers today.
St. Basil's Cathedral is an iconic symbol of Moscow and one of the most famous landmarks of Russia. It was built in the 16th century under the reign of Ivan the Terrible to commemorate the capture of the city of Kazan. The cathedral is known for its colorful onion-shaped domes and intricate patterns, and is considered a masterpiece of Russian architecture.
The Santiago de Compostela Cathedral is located in the city of Santiago de Compostela in Galicia, Spain, and is considered to be one of the most important pilgrimage sites in the world. The cathedral is believed to be the burial place of Saint James, one of the apostles of Jesus, and has been a place of pilgrimage for over a thousand years. The cathedral's impressive Romanesque architecture and its baroque façade make it a popular tourist destination in Spain.
Milan Cathedral, also known as the Duomo di Milano, is one of the most famous landmarks of Milan and one of the largest Gothic cathedrals in the world. The cathedral took nearly six centuries to complete and features over 3,400 statues, 135 gargoyles and stunning stained-glass windows. The cathedral's roof also offers breathtaking views of the city of Milan.
The Zipaquira Salt Cathedral is an underground Roman Catholic church located in the town of Zipaquira, Colombia, about an hour's drive from Bogota. The cathedral is built inside an abandoned salt mine, which was transformed into a religious sanctuary in the 1950s. The cathedral is a popular tourist attraction, known for its impressive architecture, including its cross-shaped layout, and the numerous salt sculptures that decorate its interior.
Sainte Chapelle is a Gothic-style royal chapel located in the heart of Paris, France. It was built in the 13th century by King Louis IX and is known for its stunning stained-glass windows, which cover a total area of over 600 square meters. The chapel's lower-level features intricate murals and sculptures, while the upper level is reserved for the spectacular stained glass windows, which depict scenes from the Bible.
The Basilica of Saint Mary of the Flower is a cathedral located in the heart of Florence, Italy. The cathedral is famous for its iconic dome, which was designed by Filippo Brunelleschi and is considered a masterpiece of Renaissance architecture. The interior of the cathedral is also notable for its stunning frescoes, including the Last Judgment by Giorgio Vasari.
The Alexander Nevsky Cathedral is one of the most impressive and iconic landmarks of the Bulgarian capital, Sofia. It was built in the early 20th century and named after the Russian prince and national hero Alexander Nevsky. The cathedral's neo-Byzantine architecture, intricate frescoes, and beautiful gold-plated domes make it a must-see attraction for visitors to Sofia.
Notre Dame Cathedral is a historic Catholic cathedral located on the Île de la Cité in Paris, France. It was built in the 12th century and is widely considered one of the finest examples of French Gothic architecture in the world. The cathedral is known for its impressive rose windows, soaring ceilings, and intricate sculptures, and attracts millions of visitors every year. In April 2019, a devastating fire broke out at Notre Dame Cathedral, causing significant damage to its roof and spire, and prompting a major restoration effort that is still ongoing.
Saint Sophia Cathedral is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most significant landmarks of Kiev, Ukraine. The cathedral was built in the 11th century and is renowned for its Byzantine architecture, including its stunning mosaics and frescoes. It was named in honor of the ancient Hagia Sophia in Constantinople and played a crucial role in the history of Kievan Rus.
The Basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvière is a prominent landmark in Lyon, France, situated atop Fourvière Hill overlooking the city. The basilica was constructed in the late 19th century in a neo-Byzantine style and is known for its ornate design, including intricate mosaics, stained glass windows, and a beautiful golden statue of the Virgin Mary.
St. Stephen's Cathedral is a stunning Gothic-style cathedral located on Stephansplatz square in the heart of Vienna, Austria. The cathedral's construction began in the 12th century and continued for over 400 years, resulting in a fascinating blend of architectural styles. The cathedral's towering spire, intricate carvings, and stunning stained-glass windows make it one of Vienna's most beloved and iconic landmarks.
Cologne Cathedral, also known as Kölner Dom, is a stunning Gothic-style cathedral located in the city of Cologne, Germany. The cathedral's construction began in the 13th century and took over 600 years to complete, resulting in a fascinating blend of architectural styles. The cathedral is known for its impressive size, with two spires standing over 150 meters tall, as well as its stunning stained glass windows and intricate carvings.
The Notre-Dame Basilica is a stunning Gothic-style church located in the heart of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It was constructed in the mid-19th century and is known for its impressive size, intricate carvings, and stunning stained-glass windows.
The Cathedral-Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar is a Catholic church located in the city of Zaragoza, in northeastern Spain. The cathedral is dedicated to the Virgin Mary, under the title of Our Lady of the Pillar, and is considered one of the most important pilgrimage sites in Spain. The cathedral's architecture is a mix of styles, including Baroque, Renaissance and Gothic, and is known for its impressive dome and stunning frescoes.
St John's Co-Cathedral is a stunning Baroque-style cathedral located in the heart of Valletta, the capital city of Malta. The cathedral was built by the Knights of Malta in the 16th century and is known for its ornate interior, including intricate marble floors, gilded columns, and stunning frescoes. The cathedral is also home to several important works of art, including paintings by Caravaggio and other prominent Baroque artists.
The Sagrada Familia is a world-famous cathedral located in the city of Barcelona, Spain, and is one of the most iconic landmarks of the city. Designed by the renowned architect Antoni Gaudí, the cathedral's construction began in the late 19th century and is still ongoing. The cathedral is known for its unique architectural style, including its towering spires, intricate sculptures, and stunning stained-glass windows.
Cathedrals continue to inspire visitors with their beauty and spiritual significance, and many have become beloved landmarks of the cities and regions in which they are located. Despite the challenges of time and natural disasters, these architectural wonders have endured for centuries, serving as a testament to the skill and creativity of their builders. Whether you are admiring the soaring spires of a Gothic cathedral or the colorful mosaics of an Orthodox basilica, cathedrals offer a unique glimpse into the art, architecture, and religious traditions of cultures around the world.
Top image: The Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul, St. Petersburg, Russia. The 18th century cathedral is the final resting place of many members of the Russian royal family, including Peter the Great and Catherine the Great.
Sudden Stratospheric Warming aan de gang. Wat zijn de gevolgen?
Sudden Stratospheric Warming aan de gang. Wat zijn de gevolgen?
Er is momenteel een Sudden Stratospheric Warming aan de gang. Dat wil zeggen dat de gemiddelde temperatuur bij de Noordpool in de stratosfeer op korte tijd enorm stijgt en de Polar Vortex rake klappen krijgt. De Polar Vortex zal zich ook verplaatsen en sterk afzwakken. Er ontstaat daardoor een anticyclonaal patroon boven de Noordpool. Hebben we al meer zicht op de gevolgen?
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Impressionante Sudden Stratospheric Warming
In onze vorige blog beschreven we al dat er een Sudden Stratospheric Warming zat aan te komen. Ik ga dus niet meer in detail in op wat dat precies betekent, maar verwijs graag naar dit artikel.
Vaak worden SSW’s geassocieerd met intenser winterweer over Noord-Europa en Azië. Dat staat nog niet meteen op de weerkaarten, integendeel. Momenteel is er nog geen neerwaartse propagatie en koppeling tussen stratosfeer en troposfeer. Dat betekent dat er geen gevolgen zijn van de SSW en Polar Vortex voor ons weer. Als stratosfeer en troposfeer niet gekoppeld zijn werken ze onafhankelijk van elkaar en hebben we dus geen invloed van de SSW.
Krijgen we winterweer in maart?
Toch lijkt het dat er in maart meer klassieke gevolgen te verwachten zijn. De weermodellen hebben er steeds meer vertrouwen in dat de SSW zal evolueren naar een PV-splitsing, wat een sterkere koppeling met het oppervlak en een negatieve NAO aan het oppervlak kan bevorderen.
Daarnaast tonen de laatste updates van de weermodellen duidelijk een meer robuuste neerwaartse propagatie van significante positieve anomalieën naar de tropopauze en zelfs tot aan het oppervlak. Hoewel dit geen garantie is voor een hogedruk blokkade bij Groenland, wordt de kans daarop wel een pak groter.
Als Groenland blokkeert zouden de temperaturen kouder moeten worden in Europa. De lente (maart-april) zou dan ook in het teken kunnen staan van de effecten van de SSW. Misschien krijgen we daardoor wel een koudere (periode in) maart.
Mogelijke effecten van de SSW met hogedruk bij Groenland. (Weatheriscool)
Forecast of warming in the stratosphere from February 3 to February 19
(Source: Judah Cohen/Verisk/AER/NOAA)
Wind direction and speed forecast at the stratosphere at 60 degrees north latitude. The forecast shows a negative wind which means an easterly wind and part of a Sudden Stratospheric Warming.
De verschrikkelijke voorspellingen van Nostradamus en Baba Vanga voor 2023
De verschrikkelijke voorspellingen van Nostradamus en Baba Vanga voor 2023
De toekomst volgens helderzienden
2022 zal met name herinnerd worden vanwege de verschrikkelijke oorlog tussen Rusland en Oekraïne. En het is nog niet afgelopen. Volgens verschillende lezers van de Franse astroloog Nostradamus had deze helderziende de oorlog al voorspeld in de 16e eeuw.
Profetieën voor 2023
Over profetieën valt altijd te debatteren. Verschillende mensen kunnen de woorden van zieners op verschillende manieren interpreteren. Daarnaast spreekt het voor zich dat het voorspellingen zijn; er is geen enkele garantie dat ze ook echt uitkomen...
Nostradamus en Baba Vanga
In deze galerij zullen we proberen ons te beperken tot de belangrijke (en nogal verontrustende) feiten die Nostradamus en Baba Vanga voorspelden voor het jaar 2023.
De grote Oorlog
Tot de voorspellingen van Nostradamus voor het jaar 2023 behoort helaas 'Een Grote Oorlog.' Diezelfde voorspelling omvatte ook het jaar 2022, en dat is uitgekomen. De Russische aanval op Oekraïne is de grootste Europese oorlog die we kennen sinds de Tweede Wereldoorlog.
De woorden van Nostradamus
Dit zijn de woorden van de profeet opgeschreven door de website wionews.com: "Zeven maanden na het begin van de Grote Oorlog stierven mensen omdat ze kwaad deden. Rouen, Évreux zal niet in de handen van de koning vallen."
Russisch-Oekraïense oorlog?
Deze woorden suggereren een mogelijke escalatie in de aanhoudende oorlog tussen Oekraïne en Rusland. Deze zou mogelijk kunnen leiden tot een nucleaire wereldoorlog. We hopen oprecht dat Nostradamus op dit punt ongelijk had.
Opwarming van de aarde
Een andere profetie van de Franse astroloog betreft de opwarming van de aarde. De voorspelling gaat over een verdere stijging van de temperatuur en de zee- en oceaanspiegels.
Zijn woorden zijn opgeschreven in het boek der profetieën
Dit zijn de woorden die hij hierover opschreef in de 16e eeuw: "Net als de zon, zal het hoofd de heldere zee verbranden: de levende vis van de Zwarte Zee zal op het punt staan te koken.
Opstanden
Helaas zouden deze gebeurtenissen, de oorlogen en opwarming van de aarde in 2023, ook leiden tot grote burgeropstanden. Ook deze zijn voorspeld door Nostradamus.
'Grote veranderingen, verschrikkelijke rampen en wraakacties'
Nostradamus beschreef de situatie met de volgende uitspraken: "Vroeger of later zul je getuige zijn van grote veranderingen, verschrikkelijke rampen en wraak." Volgens sommige interpretaties verwijzen deze woorden naar een mogelijke opstand van arme tegen rijke mensen.
Een nieuwe paus
In zijn profetie voor 2023 voorspelde Nostradamus ook de komst van een nieuwe paus. Er zou dus een opvolger komen voor de huidige paus Franciscus.
De laatste paus?
Bovendien zal Franciscus, volgens de teksten van Nostradamus, de laatste 'echte' paus zijn. Betekent dat het einde van het katholieke leiderschap zoals wij dat kennen?
Hemels vuur
Volgens de gelovers van Nostradamus voorspelde de Franse astroloog ook het einde van deze wereld. Hij voorzag het begin van een nieuwe wereldorde voor 2023.
De nieuwe wereldorde
De woorden die aanleiding gaven tot deze interpretaties zijn: "Hemels vuur over het koninklijk gebouw." Dit moet volgens kenners van Nostradamus geïnterpreteerd worden als een nieuwe wereld, geboren uit de as van een oude beschaving.
Mars
In zijn boek met profetieën voorspelde Nostradamus met betrekking tot 2023 ook de landing op Mars, hoewel hij dat nogal cryptisch leek te doen.
Op Mars in 2023?
"Licht dat op Mars valt." Dat zijn de woorden die geïnterpreteerd worden als een indicatie van een mogelijke menselijke landing op de rode planeet. Onze hedendaagse 'waarzegger' Elon Musk meent overigens dat die marslanding gepland staat voor 2029.
Economische crisis
Onder de verontrustende profetieën van Nostradamus bevindt zich ook een rampzalige economische crisis die de mens tot onherstelbare wanhoop zou kunnen leiden.
Ernstige ontberingen en hongersnood
In dit verband schreef de ziener de volgende gruwelijke woorden op in zijn boek: "De graanprijs zal zo hoog zijn dat de man zijn buurman zal opeten." (Dit betekent waarschijnlijk oorlog, niet letterlijk kannibalisme.)
Baba Vanga
Naast Nostradamus is er nog een beroemde ziener die het vermelden waard is. Haar naam is Baba Vanga en ze wordt ook wel beschouwd als de Nostradamus van de Balkan.
Profetieën door Baba Vanga
De in 1996 overleden Bulgaarse mysticus verwierf bekendheid dankzij haar 'voorspellingen' van de aanslagen van 9/11 in New York en de dood van prinses Diana.
Verwoestende zonnestorm
Helaas zijn de profetieën van Baba Vanga voor 2023 verre van positief. Naast het door Nostradamus voorspelde apocalyptische scenario kondigt Baba Vanga ook een verwoestende zonnestorm aan.
Totale verduistering
Als dit zou gebeuren, zou de infrastructuur van de wereld ernstig worden beschadigd, wat zou leiden tot een stroomuitval van meerdere jaren. De gevolgen daarvan zouden rellen en sociale chaos zijn.
Verandering van de baan van de aarde
Een andere verontrustende profetie van de in Bulgarije geboren helderziende betreft een apocalyptische verandering van de baan van de aarde.
Hogere temperaturen
Als zoiets zou gebeuren, zelfs maar een kleine verandering, zoals history.co.uk beweert, "zouden de effecten apocalyptisch kunnen zijn," met als gevolg een toename van straling en temperaturen.
Biologische wapens
De aanhangers van Baba Vanga beweren dat de ziener informatie had over biowapentests in een groot land in 2023. Het is niet bekend om welk land het ging.
Nieuwe virussen
In het geval van zo'n test met biologische wapens kunnen de gevolgen desastreus zijn, zelfs ronduit apocalyptisch. Het zou bijvoorbeeld kunnen gaan om de ontwikkeling van nieuwe virussen in een laboratorium.
Profetieën en interpretaties - serieus te nemen?
Al deze scenario's zijn beangstigend. Maar laten we er iedereen aan herinneren dat het slechts (indicaties van) voorspellingen en hun interpretaties zijn. Er is geen enkel wetenschappelijk bewijs voor de waarde van deze voorspellingen.
US Air Force unveils B-21 Raider - dubbed the 'most advanced military aircraft ever built' - with cutting-edge stealth bombers costing $750 million apiece
US Air Force unveils B-21 Raider - dubbed the 'most advanced military aircraft ever built' - with cutting-edge stealth bombers costing $750 million apiece
US Air Force publicly unveiled its next-generation stealth bomber in Palmdale, California on Friday night
B-21 Raider is the most advanced long-range, stealth intercontinental strategic bomber in the world
Cutting-edge stealth technology makes it virtually 'invisible' to enemy radar and detection
Bomber, named for WWI's 'Doolittle Raiders,' is capable of conventional and thermonuclear strikes
The US Air Force has publicly unveiled its next-generation stealth bomber, which has been called the 'most advanced military aircraft ever built.'
Pentagon officials and representatives of contractor Northrop Grumman revealed the B-21 Raider at a dramatic ceremony in Palmdale, California on Friday night.
As a crew of airmen drew back the tarp covering the sophisticated bomber, a cheer went up from the crowd of invited guests, excited to get their first glimpse of the plane after years of anticipation.
The ceremony started with a flyover of the three US bombers still in service: the B-52 Stratofortress, the B-1 Lancer and the B-2 Spirit. Then the hangar doors slowly opened and the B-21 was towed partially out of the building.
'This isn't just another airplane,' Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin said. 'It's the embodiment of America's determination to defend the republic that we all love.'
Similar in shape to the B-2, a 'flying wing' design already in the Air Force's inventory, the B-21 be able to deliver both conventional and nuclear weapons around the world due to its long-range and mid-air refueling capabilities.
Each B-21, billed as a 'sixth generation bomber', was projected to cost approximately $550 million each in 2010 dollars, or about $750 million in today's inflation-adjusted dollars.
Pentagon officials and representatives of contractor Northrop Grumman revealed the B-21 Raider (seen under a large tarp) at a dramatic ceremony in Palmdale, California on Friday night
Each B-21, which can deliver both conventional and nuclear bombs, was projected to cost approximately $550 million each in 2010 dollars, or about $750 million in today's inflation-adjusted dollars
Similar in shape to the B-2, a 'flying wing' design already in the Air Force's inventory, the B-21 will also be able to deliver nuclear weapons around the world because of long-range and mid-air refueling capabilities
'This isn't just another airplane,' Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin said. 'It's the embodiment of America's determination to defend the republic that we all love.'
The Air Force planned to buy at least 100 of the planes and begin to replace B-1 and B-2 bombers.
The service has estimated that the program will likely cost at least $203 billion over 30 years to develop, purchase and maintain the B-21 fleet.
The B-21 is part of the Pentagon's efforts to modernize all three legs of its nuclear triad, which also includes silo-launched nuclear ballistic missiles and submarine-launched warheads, as it shifts from the counterterrorism campaigns of recent decades to meet China's rapid military modernization.
China is on track to have 1,500 nuclear weapons by 2035, and its gains in hypersonics, cyber warfare and space capabilities present 'the most consequential and systemic challenge to U.S. national security and the free and open international system,' the Pentagon said this week in its annual China report.
Northrop is calling the plane a sixth generation aircraft given its ability to connect to other aircraft and easily integrate future weapons into its systems architecture.
Other changes include advanced materials used in coatings to make the bomber harder to detect, Austin said.
'Fifty years of advances in low-observable technology have gone into this aircraft,' Austin said. 'Even the most sophisticated air defense systems will struggle to detect a B-21 in the sky.'
Other advances likely include new ways to control electronic emissions, so the bomber could spoof adversary radars and disguise itself as another object, and use of new propulsion technologies, several defense analysts said.
It also features more durable stealth-enabling low observable surface material that will require less maintenance and keep operations costs and downtime to a minimum, Doug Young, sector vice president and general manager at Northrop Grumman Aeronautics Systems, told Reuters in an interview.
'This aircraft was possible because of American innovation,' said Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin at the ceremony
As a crew of airmen drew back the tarp covering the sophisticated bomber, a cheer went up from the crowd of invited guests, excited to get their first glimpse of the plane after years of anticipation
Pentagon officials and representatives of contractor Northrop Grumman revealed the B-21 Raider at a dramatic ceremony in Palmdale, California on Friday night
The crowd of guests is seen at the unveiling ceremony where they caught the first glimpse of the plane
The US Air Force finally unveiled its secret B-21 stealth bomber aircraft on Friday in Palmdale, California, which is touted to be virtually 'invisible' to all enemy stealth radars and will included the latest features in military tech
While the Raider may resemble the B-2, once you get inside, the similarities stop, said Kathy Warden, chief executive of Northrop, which is building the bomber.
'The way it operates internally is extremely advanced compared to the B-2, because the technology has evolved so much in terms of the computing capability that we can now embed in the software of the B-21,' Warden said.
Northrop beat out a team comprised of Boeing and Lockheed Martin when it won the 2015 contract to make the bomber, alongside suppliers including engine maker Pratt & Whitney, Collins Aerospace, GKN Aerospace, BAE Systems and Spirit Aerosystems.
The rollout at Northrop's Plant 42 in Palmdale provided the first photographs of the new bomber. So far, only artist renderings have been published.
Six of the planes, which is to have its first flight in mid-2023, are in various stages of assembly. More than 8,000 people from Northrop Grumman, industry partners and the Air Force work on the program today which consists of more than 400 suppliers in 40 states.
THE B-21'S NEWEST FEATURES FOR MODERN WARFARE
The B-21's features groundbreaking stealth technology built on top of more than three decades and six generations of US bomber innovation.
Northrop boasts that the new aircraft will included advance materials that will greatly reduced infrared, acoustic, electromagnetic, visual and radar signatures, making it virtually undetectable.
The bomber's stealth tech is expected to counteract even the latest Russian and Chinese surface-to-air missiles, something '90 percent of the nation's current bomber fleet is incapable of doing,' the company said.
The B-21 will also include a 'digital bomb bay', which will allow the aircraft to integrate new weapons faster than ever before. It ensures that the bomber can be readily and affordably upgraded.
Northrop Grumman unveils the B-21 Raider, a new high-tech stealth bomber developed for the U.S. Air Force
The B-21 Raider is set to replace the $2bn per plane B-2 Spirit - and features a smaller wingspan and price tag of $639m. Unlike its predecessor, the B-21 will be able to go on unmanned bomber and surveillance missions anywhere in the world
An early artist rendering of the plane is seen. Developers Northrop Grumman said the aircraft will also use AI-controlled sensors to share data with all branches of the military in record time for coordinated strikes
The new system grants the aircraft the ability to be nuclear-capable and carry an estimated payload of 30,000 pounds of firepower.
Additionally, the B-21 will come with AI-controlled sensors, which Northrop said would be able to identify enemy targets and share intelligence with allies for coordinated strikes in record time.
The system will be able to share data with the Army, Navy, Air Force and Space Force.
'The B-21 provides utility to accomplish our nation's security objective in every scenario imaginable,' retired Air Force Lt. Gen. David Deptula told the Wall Street Journal. 'No other weapons system can do that.'
'The B-21 is America's China-deterrence bomber,' said Mark Gunzinger, a retired bomber pilot who flew the B-52.
A FULLY REMOTE STEALTH BOMBER
Unlike its predecessor, the B-2 Spirit, the B-21 Raider is expected to allow for unmanned missions.
While the current plans for the Raider include a crew of two, the Air Force has said that future aircraft must be able to be completely remote.
Representatives for Northrop called the B-21 'pioneering' and 'technological excellence.'
'The B-21 is the most advanced military aircraft ever built and is a product of pioneering innovation and technological excellence,' said Northrop sector vice president and general manager Dough Young.
A teaser for the unveiling of the B-21 Raider released by aerospace and technology contractor Northrop Grumman
HOW DOES IT COMPETE WITH RUSSIA AND CHINA?
The stealth aspect of the B-21 Raider is touted as its main asset against Russian and Chinese forces.
Like its predecessor, the B-21 is expected to be a subsonic aircraft, meaning it will fly slower than 768 mph.
That puts it at a notable disadvantage against China's J-20 stealth fighter, which flies at more than 1,300 mph and is capable of carrying 24,000 pounds of payload.
The B-21 will also be slower than Russia's SU-57, which can hit a top speed of 1,330 mph and reportedly saw its first operational use in November when officials claimed it downed a Ukrainian jet.
Despite the slow speed, Northup claims the B-21 will be among the most undetectable aircrafts in the sky, capable of hiding from foreign nation's radar system.
The Air Force is planning to buy at least 100 of the B-21 Raider. Pictured: A rendering of jet released by the US Air Force
Russia currently touts the most capable surface-to-air missile (SAM) system, which can shoot down stealth aircrafts from 250 miles away.
China currently employs is HQ-17 SAM system, which can track 24 different targets and shot two down at the same time from nine miles away.
Although there have been rumors that China has developed a new radar capable of detecting any and all stealth aircrafts, they have been rejected by military experts.
The Department of Defense has said that a new generation of stealth bombers are needed for America's national security imperative, which includes deterring conflicts in the South China Sea.
BEERDIERTJES KUNNEN DECENNIALANG ZONDER WATER OVERLEVEN EN ONDERZOEKERS DENKEN NU TE WETEN HOE ZE HET DOEN
BEERDIERTJES KUNNEN DECENNIALANG ZONDER WATER OVERLEVEN EN ONDERZOEKERS DENKEN NU TE WETEN HOE ZE HET DOEN
Caroline Kraaijvanger
Zonder water ga je dood. Dat geldt voor vrijwel alle levensvormen op aarde, maar – dankzij een gaaf en voor beerdiertjes uniek eiwit – niet voor deze minuscule meercelligen.
Beerdiertjes zijn opzienbarende wezentjes; de amper 0,5 millimeter lange diertjes zijn tijdens ruimtereizen bestand gebleken tegen vacuüm en kosmische straling. En toen onderzoekers ze recent in een speciaal geweer stopten om ze af te vuren,konden de beerdiertjes dat ook gewoon navertellen. Ook extreme hitte en kou, een gebrek aan zuurstof of kiemdodende ultraviolette lampen doen de beerdiertjes weinig. Net als een langdurig tekort aan water; onderzoek heeft reeds uitgewezen dat beerdiertjes decennialang zonder water kunnen overleven.
Raadselachtig Dat laatste is – net als veel van het voorgaande trouwens – tamelijk raadselachtig. Want op watergebrek volgt uitdroging en dat vinden levende cellen niet zo prettig; wanneer ze uitdrogen, verliezen ze hun vorm en storten uiteindelijk compleet ineen. Ze functioneren dan niet meer (goed) en kunnen uiteindelijk afsterven. En dat heeft vanzelfsprekend weer dramatische gevolgen voor het organisme waar ze deel van uitmaken.
Maar uitdrogende beerdiertjes hebben dus geen last van in elkaar zakkende en afstervende cellen. “Hoewel water essentieel is voor al het leven dat we kennen, kunnen sommige beerdiertjes mogelijk decennialang zonder water leven,” stelt onderzoeker Takekazu Kunieda.
CAHS-eiwitten Kunieda en collega’s hebben nu achterhaald hoe de kleine beerdiertjes dat precies doen. En een heldenrol is daarbij weggelegd voor zogenoemde CAHS-eiwitten. “De truc zit ‘m in hoe hun cellen omgaan met de stress die het proces van uitdroging met zich meebrengt,” legt Kunieda uit. “Aangenomen wordt dat wanneer water een cel verlaat, er een soort eiwit moet zijn dat voorkomt dat de cel ineenklapt. Na het testen van verschillende eiwitten, hebben we ontdekt dat cytoplasmic-abundant heat soluble (CAHS) eiwitten – die alleen beerdiertjes bezitten – verantwoordelijk zijn voor het beschermen van de cel tegen uitdroging.”
Hoe werkt het? Deze CAHS-eiwitten zitten dus in de cellen van het beerdiertje. En zodra ze ‘merken’ dat de cel die hen omringt, uitdroogt, komen ze in actie. De eiwitten vormen dan een netwerk van gelachtige filamenten die de uitdrogende cel als het ware stutten en er zo voor zorgen dat deze zijn vorm behoudt. Dat is een omkeerbaar proces. Want zodra de cellen van het beerdiertje weer vocht tot hun beschikking hebben, trekken de gelachtige filamenten zich langzaam weer terug.
Mensen Het is een ingenieuze oplossing. En grappig genoeg werken deze eiwitten – waar dus alleen beerdiertjes over beschikken – ook in cellen van andere organismen. De onderzoekers trekken die conclusie nadat ze de eiwitten in het laboratorium toepasten in uitdrogende cellen van insecten en mensen. Tot hun verbazing zagen ze dat de eiwitten ook hier in actie kwamen en stuttende filamenten vormden.
Hier zie je hoe CAHS-eiwitten filamenten vormen in een uitdrogende menselijke cel.
Als het aan de onderzoekers ligt, is hun studie de opmaat naar meer. Zo hopen ze dat deze er uiteindelijk toe leidt dat wetenschappers – geïnspireerd door de beerdiertjes – nieuwe manieren gaan vinden om bijvoorbeeld celmaterialen en biomoleculen droog op te slaan. Zo kan de houdbaarheid van materialen die veel in het laboratorium gebruikt worden, maar bijvoorbeeld ook van medicijnen en misschien zelfs van complete organen (bestemd voor transplantatie) in de toekomst wellicht worden opgerekt.
Daarnaast zijn er nog veel meer eiwitten die de wetenschappers graag onder de loep zouden nemen om het beerdiertje en zijn opmerkelijke eigenschappen nader te doorgronden. Uiteindelijk hopen Kunieda en collega’s zelfs meer dan 300 eiwitten van het beerdiertje te onderzoeken en zo verscheidene andere ‘superkrachten’ van het mysterieuze meercellige organisme te ontrafelen en waar mogelijk natuurlijk vervolgens ook in andere settings toe te passen.
ZO ERG IS HET ZOGEFFECT: WINDPARKEN OP ZEE VERANDEREN HET WEER TOT 150 KILOMETER VERDEROP
ZO ERG IS HET ZOGEFFECT: WINDPARKEN OP ZEE VERANDEREN HET WEER TOT 150 KILOMETER VERDEROP
Jeannette Kras
Je verwacht het misschien niet direct, maar windmolens hebben invloed op het weer in hun
Het is niet zo dat een groot windpark op zee klimaatverandering veroorzaakt. Het effect op het weer is plaatselijk, maar kan de lucht tot wel 200 meter hoogte beïnvloeden. Als de omstandigheden gunstig zijn, kunnen windmolenparken tot 150 kilometer verderop zorgen voor een afname van de windkracht.
Luchtlagen mixen De draaiende rotorbladen van een windturbine zetten de bewegingsenergie van de wind om in elektriciteit. Achter een windpark is er zodoende minder wind. Door het mixen van luchtlagen en de turbulentie die hierbij komt kijken, mengen vocht en warmte in de lucht beter. Dat kan – zeker bij de stabiele atmosfeer in het voorjaar en de vroege zomer, wanneer de zee kouder is dan de lucht erboven – zorgen voor aanzienlijke zogeffecten in de windschaduw van het windpark. De windturbines transporteren koudere en vochtigere lucht naar hogere luchtlagen, waardoor de kans op mist mogelijk afneemt en er meer kans is op laaghangende bewolking, al is er meer onderzoek nodig om deze weerseffecten met zekerheid te kunnen vaststellen.
Tien keer zoveel windparken in 2050 Op de hele Noordzee stond in 2020 ongeveer 19 gigawatt aan geïnstalleerd windturbinevermogen. In 2050 zal er naar verwachting tien keer zoveel windenergie worden opgewekt. Het geïnstalleerd vermogen is de hoeveelheid energie die windturbines kunnen produceren als ze altijd aan zouden staan en geen last zouden hebben van externe factoren. In werkelijkheid is de opbrengst lager, vanwege onder andere die zogeffecten, maar ook doordat windturbines soms stilstaan voor onderhoud.
Onderzoeker Peter Baas van de TU Delft (Whiffle) legt aan Scientias.nl uit hoe groot de zogeffecten kunnen zijn. “We onderzoeken met het WINS50-project het verschil tussen het geïnstalleerd vermogen en de werkelijke opbrengst van windturbines en windparken. De invloed van zogeffecten – dit is het effect waarbij de turbines van een windpark in elkaars windschaduw staan – hangt van veel factoren af. Zo spelen de afstand tussen de turbines, de hoeveelheid turbines in het park en het type windturbine allemaal een rol. Een recente studie met het atmosferische hogeresolutiemodel van Whiffle laat zien dat voor grote toekomstige windparken, waarbij het geïnstalleerd vermogen meerdere gigawatts bedraagt, de zogverliezen kunnen oplopen tot 15 procent of soms nog meer.”
Formatie op zee Een windpark is een obstakel waar de wind omheen en overheen wil. Het is dus interessant om te kijken wat de beste opstelling is voor een windpark en hoe windparken ten opzichte van elkaar kunnen worden geplaatst. “De formatie van de turbines in een windmolenpark speelt een belangrijke rol. Er wordt bij de aanleg van windparken dan ook uitgebreid naar gekeken om de opbrengst te optimaliseren. Zo kun je bij veel windparken zien dat de turbines in de richting van de meest voorkomende windrichting verder uit elkaar staan dan in de richting die daar loodrecht op staat”, zegt Baas.
Foto: Chesster RPK
Gebouwen in een stad kunnen ook effect hebben op de wind, maar dat is van een heel andere aard, legt de wetenschapper uit. “In een stad wordt de wind afgeremd door de gebouwen zelf. In een windpark wordt wind niet zozeer afgeremd door de turbines zelf maar door de energie die ze aan de wind onttrekken. Ook wordt de lucht direct beïnvloed tot hoogtes van 200 meter, terwijl in de meeste steden de gebouwen zich alleen laag bij de grond bevinden. Dus in een stad zit de afremming meest aan de grond, bij een windpark met name ter hoogte van de turbines. Zeker de toekomstige windparken zijn veel uitgestrekter qua oppervlakte dan een Nederlandse stad. Het effect van windparken op weer en wind is dus veel groter dan dat van een stad”, zegt Baas.
Negatief effect op opbrengst Het zal in de komende decennia steeds drukker worden in de Noordzee. Windparken zullen steeds vaker in elkaars schaduw staan. Het is daarom belangrijk om in te schatten hoeveel invloed dit soort effecten hebben op de opbrengst. Hoeveel groter zijn de zogeffecten in zo’n toekomstig scenario? “Ook dit is een van de vragen waar we in het WINS50-project aandacht aan besteden. Met het atmosfeermodel van Whiffle hebben we een pilotstudie uitgevoerd die laat zien dat omliggende windparken een significant negatief effect op de opbrengst van een windpark kunnen hebben”, aldus Baas.
Onderhoud en vogeltrek “Ook modelsimulaties die met het KNMI-weermodel zijn gedaan binnen het WINS50-project laten duidelijk zien dat zogeffecten van het ene park de wind bij een ander park kunnen beïnvloeden. We zien dat dit steeds belangrijker wordt omdat er zowel op de Noordzee als op andere locaties steeds grotere clusters van windparken ontstaan. Juist daar kunnen wij heel goed modelberekeningen op uitvoeren. Ook wordt bij de bouw van windparken rekening gehouden met trekroutes van vogels en vleermuizen. Windturbines staan niet alleen stil door onderhoud, maar moeten soms ook uitgezet worden vanwege de vogeltrek.”
Het verkleinen van opbrengstverlies, kan dan ook op allerlei manieren, legt Baas uit. “Ook oplossingen in de windturbine zelf spelen een rol. Zo kan ‘wake steering’, het sturen van de zogeffecten, mogelijk een positieve bijdrage leveren.” Hoeveel invloed dit allemaal heeft, is nog niet helemaal helder. “Er is nog veel onduidelijk als het gaat om de invloed van grootschalige uitbreiding van windparken op zee op de energieproductie en het weer. Binnen ons project proberen wij effecten in kaart te brengen en onzekerheden te verkleinen. Op die manier willen wij een bijdrage leveren aan de transitie naar hernieuwbare energie.”
Space junk, robot chefs, Star Wars clones: The 6 best innovation stories of 2022
Space junk, robot chefs, Star Wars clones: The 6 best innovation stories of 2022
Story by Molly Glick
This past year, long-form Horizons stories delved into the technologies that could dictate our future, including everything from cancer-destroying bacteriato a satellite-flinging launch station. Inverse’s in-depth reporting spanned forward-looking fields like artificial intelligence, renewable energy, robotics, and private space travel.
Space junk, robot chefs, Star Wars clones: The 6 best innovation stories of 2022
As 2022 comes to a close, a few stories stand out as the wildest, most inspiring breakthroughs. Here’s our list of the best Horizons stories of the year.
Space companies finally reckoned with their junk
Space junk, robot chefs, Star Wars clones: The 6 best innovation stories of 2022
As the private space race heats up, entrepreneurs are beginning to tackle the elephant in the room: the massive amounts of waste they leave behind in the final frontier. In recent years, space magnates have decided to incorporate reusable components into their rockets, though it isn’t entirely out of environmental concern — they also want to reduce operating costs. Here’s how space companies are going green-ish.
A glimpse of the 21st-century gold rush
Space junk, robot chefs, Star Wars clones: The 6 best innovation stories of 2022
As global demand for electric vehicles surges, it has become clear that we’re going to need tons of lithium for lithium-ion batteries. The sought-after metal is usually sourced from mines in Latin America, Australia, and China, but the world’s supply is limited — hence the recent sky-high lithium prices that are driving up the cost of EVs. But a solution to this dilemma could lie in a salt lake in California’s desert, where the lithium leftovers from geothermal plants may help satiate our appetite for EVs. Read the story here.
This classic sci-fi franchise is using AI to resurrect dead characters
Space junk, robot chefs, Star Wars clones: The 6 best innovation stories of 2022
Star Wars fans may have noticed that the resurrected young Luke Skywalker sounded a bit strange in The Mandalorianand The Book of Boba Fett. While some media outlets claimed that the CGI character had a completely synthesized voice, the production process wasn’t quite so simple. It was, in fact, based on Mark Hamill’s voice: A Ukrainian tech company fed an AI old audio recordings. This type of technology could change the film industry forever.
Getting to know 2022’s meme king
Space junk, robot chefs, Star Wars clones: The 6 best innovation stories of 2022
If you spent any time on Twitter over the past year, you likely encountered mind-bending memes that feel like screenshots from a fever dream — take, for example, images of Yoda robbing a liquor store, Guy Fieri giving a TED talk, or an octopus assembling Ikea furniture. We can thank machine-learning engineer Boris Dayma for democratizing the meme-making AI platform, DALL-E Mini. Here’s how (and why) he did it.
Robots could rival human chefs
Space junk, robot chefs, Star Wars clones: The 6 best innovation stories of 2022
Automatons have gotten pretty good at preparing food, whether it be flipping burgers or assembling pizzas. But scientists have long struggled to give them a crucial culinary ability: taste. This past spring, a team from the University of Cambridge laid out a technique to help bots assess a key dish characteristic. But can human chefs ever really be replaced? Dig in here.
When we’ll get headache-free EV road trips
Space junk, robot chefs, Star Wars clones: The 6 best innovation stories of 2022
Thanks to today’s wide selection of electric vehicles, cross-country road trips need no longer entail carbon-spewing cars. But treks in a Tesla or Nissan Leaf still aren’t as convenient as voyages done in gas-powered vehicles. EV chargers aren’t as ubiquitous as gas pumps, and it still takes a while to juice up an electric car. But the eco-friendly driving experience could eventually get a lot easier. Here’s when to expect an easier ride.
The tiniest possum in the world—once thought extinct—was discovered alive on an Australian island
The tiniest possum in the world—once thought extinct—was discovered alive on an Australian island
This amazing creature was considered extinct. However, it was discovered to exist in Australia.
When Kangaroo Island caught fire, many animals died. Back then, it was believed that many animal species had disappeared, but it seems that everything is not so bad.
Over 20 species were still found alive. Among them is this incredible creature.
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Kangaroo Island Land for Wildlife is credited with discovering this creature
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The director of Exceptional Kangaroo Island, Craig Wickham, told Nevsveek that many animals were found after the disaster. This required many cameras with powerful sensors.
This possum is hard to spot, but it is truly an amazing creature.
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Fauna ecologist Pat Hodgens said there was always hope they would find the creature
When these worms begin consuming everything in their path, gigantic piers, ships, and fairy bridges are all endangered. And if this worm is starving and there is only a tiny snail around, all that will be left of it will be the shell. Why are grotesque beings so vital to our world? Where did the iron snail originate? Why did Darwin chop up worms? How did snails acquire long-range weaponry like harpoons? Let’s find out.
WETENSCHAPPERS VINDEN MYSTERIEUZE 'BLAUWE SMURRIE' OP DE BODEM VAN DE OCEAAN EN HEBBEN GEEN IDEE WAT HET IS
WETENSCHAPPERS VINDEN MYSTERIEUZE 'BLAUWE SMURRIE' OP DE BODEM VAN DE OCEAAN EN HEBBEN GEEN IDEE WAT HET IS
Caroline Kraaijvanger
Ideeën? Iemand?
Wetenschappers spotten de mysterieuze ‘blauwe smurrie’ tijdens een expeditie naar de Mid-Atlantische Rug; een grotendeels onder water gelegen bergketen in de Atlantische Oceaan. Onder meer met behulp van onderwaterrobots werd het gebied rondom deze keten – en het leven dat daar te vinden is – nader in kaart gebracht. Voorafgaand aan de expeditie verwachtten onderzoekers daarbij onder meer op diepzeekoraal en sponzen te stuitten, maar verrassingen waren zeker niet uitgesloten.
Blauwe smurrie En zo’n verrassing heeft zich nu dus aangediend in de vorm van wat de onderzoekers zelf ‘blauwe smurrie’ noemen. De ‘smurrie’ is op verschillende plekken voor de kust van de Amerikaanse Maagdeneilanden – op enkele honderden meters diepte – aangetroffen. En onderzoekers hebben geen idee wat het is.
Het zou een zacht koraal kunnen zijn, merkt één van de onderzoekers in bovenstaande video op. Maar, zo benadrukt een ander, we weten het nog niet. Het zou bijvoorbeeld ook een soort spons kunnen zijn. Of een soort manteldier. “Ik denk dat het een mysterie blijft, tot we het kunnen bemonsteren,” stelt één van de onderzoekers. Of tot een deskundige het op basis van de vrij scherpe beelden kan identificeren.
Gaten Het is zeker niet het eerste mysterie dat de expeditie naar Mid-Atlantische Rug voortbrengt. Zo stuitten onderzoekers eerder al op tamelijk mysterieuze gaten in de zeebodem waarvan nog altijd onbekend is hoe ze tot stand komen.
De nog altijd onverklaarbare gaten in de zeebodem die onderzoekers eerder aantroffen.
Afbeelding: NOAA Ocean Exploration, Voyage to the Ridge 2022.
En ook kwamen wetenschappers tijdens de expeditie een zeer zeldzame vergadering van zee-egels tegen. Onderzoekers zijn er nog maar zelden getuige van geweest dat zee-egels het gezellig maken samen. Maar wat de ontmoeting nog bijzonderder maakte, is dat alle verzamelde zee-egels zichzelf een ‘hoedje’ van puin hadden aangemeten. Waarom de zee-egels elkaar ontmoetten en waarom ze daarbij allemaal een hoedje op hadden, is nog altijd onduidelijk.
Eerder stuitten de onderzoekers tijdens de expeditie ook al op een zeldzame vergadering van zee-egels, waarbij alle verzamelde zee-egels ook nog eens een mysterieus ‘hoedje’ droegen.
Afbeeldingen: NOAA Ocean Exploration, Voyage to the Ridge 2022.
Zoveel onbekend De mysterieuze ontdekkingen op de bodem van de oceaan geven wel aan hoe belangrijk het is dat er meer onderzoek naar onze oceanen wordt gedaan. De oceaanbodem is nog tamelijk onontgonnen terrein; hoewel de oceaan zo’n 70 procent van het aardoppervlak bestrijkt, is slechts 20 procent van de wereldwijde zeebodem tot op heden in kaart gebracht. En ook de organismen die op de bodem en in de (dieper gelegen) wateren leven, hebben nog behoorlijk wat geheimen voor ons.
Langste bergketen Dat geldt zeker ook voor het gebied waar de beelden van de blauwe smurrie en mysterieuze gaten zijn gemaakt; de Mid-Atlantische Rug is met een lengte van 16.000 kilometer de langste bergketen op aarde, maar deze onder water gelegen berg en omgeving zijn nog nauwelijks bestudeerd. Wetenschappers probeerden daar recent daar tijdens een serie expedities – die samen aangeduid worden als ‘Voyage to the Ridge 2022‘ verandering in te brengen. Vanaf het onderzoeksschip Okeanos Explorer werd de Mid-Atlantische Rug en omgeving met sonarapparatuur in kaart gebracht, terwijl onderwaterrobots een inkijkje gaven in wat er allemaal in het gebied leeft. Want pas als we dat weten, kunnen we de ecosystemen gaan monitoren en eventueel ingrijpen als een ecosysteem – bijvoorbeeld door inmenging van mensen – in de knel dreigt te komen.
Eerder deze maand kwam de laatste van de serie expedities naar de Mid-Atlantische Rug ten einde. De komende tijd zal de sonardata gebruikt worden om de – nog altijd flinke – gaten in onze kaarten van de wereldwijde zeebodem te helpen opvullen. De onderzoekers leveren zo een bijdrage aan Seabed 2030: een project dat erop gericht is om de complete zeebodem tegen 2030 in kaart te hebben gebracht. Daarnaast zullen ook de door onderwaterrobots gemaakte beelden ongetwijfeld verder worden uitgeplozen. Of het tot identificatie van de nu nog mysterieuze blauwe smurrie zal leiden, is afwachten. Vaststaat dat de data leidend zal zijn voor het plannen van nieuwe expedities naar de bodem van de oceaan. Want wat alle vergaarde gegevens vooral laten zien, is dat er nog heel veel is wat we niet weten of in ieder geval slecht begrijpen.
After eating, a female gloomy octopus (left) tosses away empty shells. This requires an unusual position of the tube-shaped structure called the siphon, suggesting that the throw is deliberate.
Credit: P. Godfrey-Smith et al./PLOS ONE (CC BY 4.0)
For the first time, octopuses have been spotted throwing things — at each other1.
Octopuses are known for their solitary nature, but in Jervis Bay, Australia, the gloomy octopus (Octopus tetricus) lives at very high densities. A team of cephalopod researchers decided to film the creatures with underwater cameras to see whether — and how — they interact.
Once the researchers pulled the cameras out of the water, they sat down to watch more than 20 hours of footage. “I call it octopus TV,” laughs co-author David Scheel, a behavioural ecologist at Alaska Pacific University in Anchorage. One behaviour stood out: instances in which the eight-limbed creatures gathered shells, silt or algae with their arms — and then hurled them away, propelling them with water jetted from their siphon. And although some of the time it seemed that they were just throwing away debris or food leftovers, it did sometimes appear that they were throwing things at each other.
The team found clues that the octopuses were deliberately targeting one another. Throws that made contact with another octopus were relatively strong and often occurred when the thrower was displaying a uniform dark or medium body colour. Another clue: sometimes the octopuses on the receiving end ducked. Throws that made octo-contact were also more likely to be accomplished with a specific set of arms, and the projectile was more likely to be silt.
A gloomy octopus throws silt at another octopus as it approaches. For hitting fellow octopuses, silt is the projectile of choice.
Credit: P. Godfrey-Smith et al./PLOS ONE (CC BY 4.0)
“We weren’t able to try and assess what the reasons might be,” Scheel cautions. But throwing, he says, “might help these animals deal with the fact that there are so many octopuses around”. In other words, it is probably social.
Tamar Gutnick, an octopus neurobiologist at the University of Naples Federico II in Italy, says the work opens a new door for inquiries into the social lives of these famously clever animals. “The environment for these specific octopuses is such that they have this interaction between individuals,” she says. “It’s communication, in a way.”
doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-03592-w
References
Godfrey-Smith, P., Scheel, D., Chancellor, S., Linquist, S. & Lawrence, M. PLoS ONE17, e0276482 (2022).
You Can Help Measure Light Pollution with Your Phone
You Can Help Measure Light Pollution with Your Phone
There’s no question that light pollution is a growing problem. Thankfully many scientists and advocates are working for change. And you can be a part of that change with a simple app that you can download to catalog the street lights in your neighborhood.
The continued expansion of street lights, traffic lights, security lights, and home lighting across the globe has a variety of disastrous consequences. For one, increased light pollution reduces our access to the night sky. We simply don’t get to see the same stars and constellations that our ancestors did, and we can potentially lose that rich cultural heritage.
In addition, the increased use of lights at night by humans also disrupts many biological processes. For example, animals that rely on night vision can have their rhythms disrupted. Or certain blooms that only happen in periods of strong moonlight can be reduced due to human interference.
While many satellites can map out the total amount of light pollution in a given area on the globe, they have one major weakness. Satellites have difficulty measuring the amount of blue versus red light, because the blue light more easily scatters in the atmosphere. Different satellites and different measuring techniques can give wildly different estimates for the amount of blue light pollution, differing by as much as 200%.
Measuring the color of the light is important because not every biological process is sensitive to the all colors of light equally. For example, one species of nocturnal animal may be absolutely fine with redder colored night lighting, but be completely disrupted by blueish hues.
To tackle this, a team of astronomers have proposed a new citizen science project. The project consists of an app that you can download onto your smartphone. You then simply take pictures of any of the light sources that you see. The app then measures the spectrum of that light and estimates the amount of different colors. For example, common street lights usually use sodium, which gives them an orange hue, while home security lights and headlights tend to be bluer.
The app will then upload the information to a database tagged with your location and correlate that information with light pollution maps given by satellites. This way, the astronomers hope to correct and calibrate the information provided by the satellites so that we have a more accurate measurement of the color spectrum of our light pollution.
The team of astronomers have already completed a pilot program to demonstrate that their app pipeline and data acquisition and calibration steps all work correctly. They are now advocating to roll out the app worldwide to engage more citizen scientists. If you’d like to participate, you can check out this link.
Earth's methane 'super-emitters' REVEALED: NASA identifies more than 50 regions in Central Asia, the Middle East and US pumping out unprecedented levels of the greenhouse gas
Earth's methane 'super-emitters' REVEALED: NASA identifies more than 50 regions in Central Asia, the Middle East and US pumping out unprecedented levels of the greenhouse gas
NASA's 'EMIT' spectrometer is intended to measure solar energy reflected by airborne dust particles on Earth
However, scientists have discovered it is also capable of detecting large plumes of methane gas
So far it has picked up over 50 'super-emitter' regions, including oil and gas infrastructure in Turkmenistan
Other culprits are a waste-processing complex south of Tehran in Iran, and an oilfield in New Mexico, USA
It is hoped the knowledge will be able to inform operators of these facilities to act to reduce their emissions
An orbital NASA instrument has identified more than 50 'super-emitter' regions worldwide that are pumping out unprecedented levels of methane.
The top culprits include Turkmenistan, which produces plumes that stretch more than 20 miles (32 km) wide, Iran and New Mexico, USA.
Earth Surface Mineral Dust Investigation, or 'EMIT', is a spaceborne spectrometer that measures solar energy reflected from Earth in hundreds of wavelengths of light from the visible to the infrared range.
Its purpose is mainly to advance studies of airborne dust and its effects on climate change, but NASA scientists have discovered it can also detect areas where significant amounts of methane are being produced.
The newly measured methane hotspots - some previously known and others just discovered - include sprawling oil and gas facilities and large landfills.
'Some of the (methane) plumes EMIT detected are among the largest ever seen - unlike anything that has ever been observed from space,' said Andrew Thorpe, a NASA research technologist leading the methane studies.
'What we've found in a just a short time already exceeds our expectations.'
NASA's EMIT mission detected a methane plume 2 miles (3 km) long southeast of Carlsbad, New Mexico. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that is much more effective at trapping heat in the atmosphere than carbon dioxide
A methane plume at least 3 miles (4.8 km) long billows into the atmosphere south of Tehran, Iran. The plume, detected by NASA's EMIT mission, comes from a major landfill, where methane is a byproduct of decomposition
East of Hazar, Turkmenistan - a port city on the Caspian Sea - 12 plumes of methane stream westward. The plumes were detected by NASA's EMIT mission and some of them stretch for more than 20 miles (32 km)
THE EMIT MISSION
Earth Surface Mineral Dust Investigation, or 'EMIT', is a spectrometer onboard the International Space Station that measures solar energy reflected from Earth in hundreds of wavelengths of light.
Its primary duty is to collect information about the mineral composition of dust blown into the atmosphere from Earth's deserts and other arid regions in Africa, Asia, North and South America and Australia.
It does this by measuring the wavelengths of light reflected from the surface soil, as darker-colour dust tends to absorb more of the sun's rays, while lighter-colour dust reflects more of them, thus cooling the area around it.
This investigation will help scientists determine whether airborne dust in different parts of the world is likely to contribute to climate change.
Methane is is a potent greenhouse gas that can trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere.
During the day, the sun shines through the atmosphere and warms the planet's surface, while at night, it cools down again, releasing heat back into the air.
However, greenhouse gases can trap some of this hot air, which results in the warming of the planet.
Methane has more than 80 times the heat-trapping potency of carbon dioxide over the first 20 years after it reaches the atmosphere.
While this does decrease over time as it breaks down, it means emissions have a more immediate impact on planetary warming.
The EMIT imaging spectrometer was launched and docked onto the International Space Station in July this year, and now circles the Earth once every 90 minutes some 250 miles (420 km) above us.
Managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), it is able to scan vast tracts of the planet dozens of miles across while also focusing in on areas as small as a football pitch.
Its primary duty is to collect information about the mineral composition of dust blown into the atmosphere from Earth's deserts and other arid regions in Africa, Asia, North and South America and Australia.
It does this by measuring the wavelengths of light reflected from the surface soil. Darker dust tends to absorb more of the sun's rays, while lighter dust reflects more of them, thus cooling the area around it.
This investigation will help scientists determine whether airborne dust in different parts of the world is likely to contribute to climate change.
However, while verifying the accuracy of the imaging spectrometer's mineral data, scientists found that it could also pinpoint emissions of methane.
This will provide them with the locations of facilities, equipment, and infrastructure that produce the gas at high rates - known as 'super-emitters' - so authorities can quickly act to limit emissions.
'We have been eager to see how EMIT's mineral data will improve climate modelling,' said Kate Calvin, NASA's chief scientist and senior climate adviser.
'This additional methane-detecting capability offers a remarkable opportunity to measure and monitor greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change.'
The cube (left) shows methane plumes (purple, orange, yellow) over Turkmenistan. The rainbow colours are the spectral fingerprints from corresponding spots in the front image. The blue line in the graph (right) shows the methane fingerprint EMIT detected; the red line is the expected fingerprint based on an atmospheric simulation
Earth Surface Mineral Dust Investigation, or 'EMIT' (pictured), is a spaceborne spectrometer that measures solar energy reflected from Earth in hundreds of wavelengths of light from the visible to the infrared range
The EMIT imaging spectrometer was launched and docked onto the International Space Station (pictured) in July this year, and now circles the Earth once every 90 minutes some 250 miles (420 km) above us. Managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) near Los Angeles, USA, it is able to scan vast tracts of the planet dozens of miles across while also focusing in on areas as small as a football pitch
Levels of methane in the atmosphere are growing 'dangerously fast', scientists warn
Levels of methane found in the atmosphere are 'growing dangerously fast', scientists have warned, and it could be global warming causing the rapid increase.
A report, published in Nature, was compiled by an international team that examines data gathered by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration throughout 2021.
Researchers found that methane in the atmosphere had raced past 1,900 parts per billion, which is triple levels found before the industrial revolution.
This 'grim new milestone' could be linked to global warming causing a rise in wetland areas, which then produce higher levels of methane, the team said.
So far, EMIT has identified more than 50 super-emitters in Central Asia, the Middle East and the Southwestern United States.
Examples of newly imaged methane super-emitters showcased by JPL include a cluster of 12 plumes from oil and gas infrastructure east of the Caspian Sea port city of Hazar in Turkmenistan.
Scientists estimate these plumes collectively spew methane at a rate of 111,000 pounds (50,400 kilograms) per hour, rivalling the peak flow of 110,000 pounds (50,000 kilograms) per hour of the 2015 Aliso Canyon gas field blowout.
Another other large emitter is the Permian Basin oilfield in New Mexico - one of the largest oilfields in the world - which generated a plume about two miles (3.3 km) long.
The third culprit revealed by NASA is a waste-processing complex south of Tehran, Iran, which emits a plume at least three miles (4.8 km) long. Methane is a byproduct of decomposition, and landfills can be a major source.
Scientists estimate flow rates of about 40,300 pounds (18,300 kilograms) per hour at the Permian site and 18,700 pounds (8,500 kilograms) per hour at the Iran site.
JPL officials said neither were previously known to scientists.
'These results are exceptional, and they demonstrate the value of pairing global-scale perspective with the resolution required to identify methane point sources, down to the facility scale,' said David Thompson, EMIT's instrument scientist and a senior research scientist at JPL.
'It's a unique capability that will raise the bar on efforts to attribute methane sources and mitigate emissions from human activities.'
Robert Green, EMIT's principal investigator at JPL, said: 'As it continues to survey the planet, EMIT will observe places in which no one thought to look for greenhouse-gas emitters before, and it will find plumes that no one expects.'
NASA says that EMITcould potentially find hundreds of previously unknown methane super-emitters before its year-long mission ends.
'Reining in methane emissions is key to limiting global warming,' said NASA Administrator Bill Nelson.
'This exciting new development will not only help researchers better pinpoint where methane leaks are coming from, but also provide insight on how they can be addressed – quickly.
'The International Space Station and NASA's more than two dozen satellites and instruments in space have long been invaluable in determining changes to the Earth's climate.
'EMIT is proving to be a critical tool in our toolbox to measure this potent greenhouse gas – and stop it at the source.'
While the UK and US are only just out of the 'pandemic phase' for Covid-19, scientists are already looking ahead to the next global health crisis – and say it could be sparked by a microbe locked in a Tibetan glacier.
Researchers from Lanzhou University studied 21 glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau and found evidence of 968 microbes, most of which have never been seen before.
Worryingly, the team also identified more than 25 million protein-coding genes, including some that might influence the ability to cause disease.
'Ice-entrapped modern and ancient pathogenic microbes could lead to local epidemics and even pandemics,' the researchers wrote in their study, published in Nature Biotechnology.
Researchers from Lanzhou University studied 21 glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau and found evidence of 968 microbes, most of which have never been seen before
The researchers sequenced 883 bacterial genomes from cultivated glacier bacteria and 85 metagenomes from 21 Tibetan glaciers covering diverse habitats, including snow (bottom left map), ice (top left map) and cryoconite (top right map)
The Tibetan Plateau
The Tibetan Plateau is a key source of water for some of the world's largest rivers, which means any dangerous microbes could quickly reach a large number of people.
'The Tibetan Plateau, which is known as the water tower of Asia, is the source of several of the world's largest rivers, including the Yangtze, the Yellow River, the Ganges River and Yarlung Tsangpo (Brahmaputra River),' the researchers explained.
'The release of potentially hazardous bacteria could affect the two most populated countries in the world: China and India.'
In the study, the team gathered bacteria and microscopic life forms called archaea from 21 glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau, from 2016-2020.
Using genetic sequencing, the researchers uncovered evidence of 968 microbial species.
Some of the microbes are common, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is found in soil and water.
However, the vast majority (82 per cent) were found to bear little genetic similarity to microbes found in other environments.
Eleven per cent of species were only found in one glacier, while 10 per cent were located in almost all the glaciers studied.
The team also uncovered more than 25 million protein-coding genes – including some that might influence the ability to cause disease.
'Here we present the first, to our knowledge, dedicated genome and gene catalogue for glacier ecosystems, comprising 3,241 genomes and metagenome-assembled genomes and 25 million non-redundant proteins from 85 Tibetan glacier metagenomes and 883 cultivated isolates,' the researchers wrote.
The findings suggest that many microbes have evolved to withstand extreme conditions, according to the team.
'The surfaces of glaciers support a diverse array of life, including bacteria, algae, archaea, fungi, and other microeukaryotes,' they explained.
'Microorganisms have demonstrated the ability to adapt to these extreme conditions and contribute to vital ecological processes.
Some of the microbes are common, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is found in soil and water. However, the vast majority (82 per cent) were found to bear little genetic similarity to microbes found in other environments
'Glacier ice can also act as a record of microorganisms from the past, with ancient (more than 10,000 years old) airborne microorganisms being successfully revived.
'Therefore, the glacial microbiome also constitutes an invaluable chronology of microbial life on our planet.'
The Tibetan Plateau is a key source of water for some of the world's largest rivers, which means any dangerous microbes could quickly reach a large number of people if released.
'The Tibetan Plateau, which is known as the water tower of Asia, is the source of several of the world's largest rivers, including the Yangtze, the Yellow River, the Ganges River and Yarlung Tsangpo (Brahmaputra River),' the researchers explained.
'The release of potentially hazardous bacteria could affect the two most populated countries in the world: China and India.'
Worryingly, a 2019 report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) warned that up to two-thirds of the Tibetan Plateau's remaining glaciers are on track to disappear by the end of the century.
It is expected a third of the ice will be lost in that time - even if global warming is limited 2.7F (1.5C) above pre-industrial levels.
The team hopes the project, which they're calling the 'Tibetan Glacier Genome and Gene' (TG2G) catalogue, will be useful for researchers in the future.
'The TG2G catalog offers a database and a platform for archiving, analysis and comparison of glacier microbiomes at the genome and gene levels. It is particularly timely as the glacier ecosystem is threatened by global warming, and glaciers are retreating at an unprecedented rate,' they concluded.
'We envisage that the catalog will form the basis of a comprehensive global repository for glacial microbiome data.'
A virus particle, or virion, is made up of three parts: a set of genetic instructions, either DNA or RNA; coat of protein that surrounds the DNA or RNA to protect it; a lipid membrane, which surrounds the protein coat.
Unlike human cells or bacteria, viruses don't contain the chemical machinery, called enzymes, needed to carry out the chemical reactions to divide and spread.
They carry only one or two enzymes that decode their genetic instructions, and need a host cell, like bacteria, a plant or animal, in which to live and make more viruses.
When a virus infects a living cell, it hijacks and reprograms the cell to turn it into a virus-producing factory.
Proteins on the virus interact with specific receptors on the target cell.
The virus then inserts its genetic code into the target cell, while the cell's own DNA is degraded.
The target cell is then 'hijacked', it begins using the virus' genetic code as a blueprint to produce more viruses.
The cell eventually bursts open to release the new, intact viruses that then infect other cells and begin the process again.
Once free from the host cell, the new viruses can attack other cells.
Because one virus can reproduce thousands of new viruses, viral infections can spread quickly throughout the body.
Glaciers that are melting amid rising global temperatures could be the cause of the next deathly pandemic, a new study claims.
Scientists investigated how climate change may affect the risk of 'spillover' – a virus jumping to another species – by examining samples from Lake Hazen in the Arctic.
They found that the chance of a spillover event increases with the melting of glaciers, as the meltwater can transport pathogens to new hosts.
Killer viruses that have been frozen in glaciers for hundreds of years could reawaken as temperatures rise and the ice melts and flows to new locations.
Viruses need hosts like humans, animals, plants or fungi to replicate and spread, and occasionally they can jump to a new one that lacks immunity, as seen during the Covid pandemic.
A warming climate could bring viruses in the Arctic into contact with new environments and hosts, increasing the risk of this 'viral spillover', the experts warn.
Researchers in Canada wanted to investigate how climate change might affect the risk of 'viral spillover' by examining samples from the Arctic landscape of Lake Hazen. The experts are pictured at Lake Hazen drilling holes to collect sediment
Lake Hazen, seen from above in this NASA image, is the largest High Arctic freshwater lake in the world
WHAT IS A VIRAL SPILLOVER?
A 'spillover' event describes a virus's jump from one species to another.
An example is the spillover of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes Covid, from a bat or pangolin to a human.
A spillover contrasts with a 'spillback' - a virus going from humans back into wild animals.
The new study was led by researchers at Department of Biology, University of Ottawa in Canada and published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
'Spillover risk increases with runoff from glacier melt, a proxy for climate change,' say the researchers in their paper.
'Should climate change also shift species range of potential viral vectors and reservoirs northwards, the High Arctic could become fertile ground for emerging pandemics.'
In the past years, many viruses such as Influenza A, Ebola and SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes Covid) spilled over to humans and caused 'significant diseases', the study says.
Evidence already suggests SARS-CoV-2 originated in horseshoe bats, although it's likely the virus passed to humans through pangolins, a scaly mammal often confused for a reptile.
Likewise, it's thought the lethal outbreak of the Ebola virus in Western Africa between 2013 and 2016 stemmed from bats.
The researchers focused their study on soil and lake sediments from Lake Hazen, the largest High Arctic freshwater lake in the world.
The team sampled soil that becomes a riverbed for melted glacier water in the summer, as well as the lakebed itself, which required clearing snow and drilling through more than six feet of ice.
They used ropes and a snowmobile to lift the lake sediment through almost 980 feet (300 metres) of water, and samples were then sequenced for DNA and RNA, the genetic blueprints and messengers of life.
'This enabled us to know what viruses are in a given environment, and what potential hosts are also present,' said study leader Stephane Aris-Brosou, an associate professor in the University of Ottawa.
In the past years, many viruses such as Influenza A, Ebola and SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes Covid, spilled over to humans and caused 'significant diseases', the study says. Pictured is a rendering of SARS-CoV-2
WHAT IS GLACIAL RUNOFF?
Glaciers are slowly moving rivers of ice, formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow on mountains or near the poles.
Glacier runoff means all melt and rain water that runs off the glacierized area without refreezing.
Global warming is expected to increase runoff at Lake Hazen in the Arctic, researchers say.
But to find out how likely they were to jump hosts, the team needed to examine the equivalent of each virus and host's family tree.
'Basically what we tried to do is measure how similar these [family] trees are,' said study author Audree Lemieux.
Similar genealogies suggest a virus has evolved along with its host, but differences suggest spillover, and if a virus has jumped hosts once, it is more likely to do so again.
The analysis found pronounced differences between viruses and hosts in the lake bed, which is directly correlated to the risk of spillover.
The difference was less stark in the riverbeds, which the researchers theorise is because water erodes the topsoil, removing organisms and limiting interactions between viruses and potential new hosts.
Those instead wash into the lake, which has seen 'dramatic change' in recent years, as increased water from melting glaciers deposits more sediment.
'That's going to bring together hosts and viruses that would not normally encounter each other,' Lemieux said.
Also, animals and protists were found to be the most susceptible to spillovers, while plants and fungi showed a lower susceptibility to spillovers.
The experts stress that they are neither forecasting an actual spillover nor a pandemic, and that the likelihood of such an event 'remains very low'.
They also warn more work is needed to clarify how big the difference between viruses and hosts needs to be to create serious spillover risk.
Animals and protists are the most susceptible to spillover, while plants and fungi showed a lower susceptibility to spillovers
But they argue that warming weather could increase risks further if new potential hosts move into previously inhospitable regions.
'It could be anything from ticks to mosquitoes to certain animals, to bacteria and viruses themselves,' said Lemieux.
'It's really unpredictable... and the effect of spillover itself is very unpredictable, it can range from benign to an actual pandemic.'
The team now wants more research and surveillance work in the Arctic region to 'mitigate the impact of spillovers' on humans and other species.
'Obviously we've seen in the past two years what the effects of spillover can be,' said Lemieux.
HUMANS HAVE HAVE GIVEN WILD ANIMALS DISEASES NEARLY 100 TIMES IN A REVERSAL OF THE ANIMAL-TO-HUMAN TRANSMISSION OF KILLER DISEASES LIKE COVID AND EBOLA
It's widely believed that SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes Covid, was spread from wild animals to humans.
But a 2022 study claims that humans might give viruses to animals more often than previously understood.
Researchers reviewed published evidence of human-to-wildlife transmission events, with a focus on how such events could threaten animal and human health.
They found a total of 97 examples of human-to-wildlife transmissions involving a wide range of pathogens, from M. tuberculosis, measles, influenzas and hepatitis B.
These pathogens likely spread from humans to wild animals in multiple ways, such as wild animals' contact with human sewage.
Affected animals range from the Asian elephant, European hedgehog, rhesus monkey, gibbon, giant panda, harbor seal and many more.
The study refers to 'spillovers' (a virus's jump from another species) and a spillback (a virus going from humans back into wild animals).
Death is all around us, but most of us are so focused on our own little worlds that we can’t even see it. There have been other mass extinctions throughout history, but the one that is happening right now is much different from all those that have come before. That is because it is happening very gradually. Over the past 50 years, billions of creatures have been wiped off the face of our planet, but it didn’t happen all at once. It has been a slow, steady process, and the mainstream media hardly ever talks about it. So most people don’t pay any attention to this crisis, even though it truly is an existential threat to our existence.
If all other creatures were suddenly eliminated, humanity would not survive for very long at all.
But for some reason we don’t seem to understand this.
Even though we are at the top of the food chain, we can’t afford to ignore what is going on below us. And right now what is happening to much of the food chain is absolutely horrific.
The Living Planet Index tracks the populations of 32,000 different species, and we are being told that those 32,000 different populations have declined by an average of 69 percent since 1970…
The Living Planet Index (LPI)—which tracks populations of mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians—reveals an average 69% decrease in monitored wildlife populations since 1970. The 2022 LPI analyzed almost 32,000 species populations. It provides the most comprehensive measure of how they are responding to pressures in their environment.
69 percent!
If that doesn’t meet the definition of “mass extinction”, what does?
We have been entrusted with the care of this planet, and just about everything on it is dying. In fact, at this point countless species of plants and animals are literally “on the verge of extinction”…
In Africa, two thirds of animal populations have been lost. In Europe, there has been an animal population decline of 18 percent. In Asia, the damage is 55 percent, and in North America, animal populations have fallen by 20 percent. The greatest losses are occurring in Latin America and throughout the Caribbean; animal populations have plummeted by 94% in these areas. Millions of species of plants and animals are now on the verge of extinction.
Marco Lambertini, director general of WWF International, said the entire organization is “extremely worried” by the new data. The data shows “a devastating fall in wildlife populations, in particular in tropical regions that are home to some of the most biodiverse landscapes in the world,” he said. This includes warm water coral reefs, which have been cut in half over the past 50 years.
Why aren’t more people concerned about this?
If we stay on the path that we are currently on, it is just a matter of time before most species are gone.
Do you think that we will be able to survive once there are thousands of giant gaps in the food chain?
Of course not.
The clock is ticking for humanity, and most people are in a deep state of sleep.
Speaking of sleep, I remember often waking up to the sound of birds when I was very young.
But now in many communities around America the birds are missing. In fact, a report that was recently released found that birds are being wiped out in the United States at a rate that is absolutely staggering…
The Rufous Hummingbird, Greater Sage-Grouse, Pinyon Jay, and 67 other birds in the United States are teetering on the edge of disaster, having lost at least half of their populations in the past 50 years. A report released today by North American Bird Conservation Initiative (NABCI) calls these birds “Tipping Point” species, on track to lose another 50 percent of their populations in the same time frame if conservation efforts do not improve.
Given enough time, eventually they will all be gone.
What would we do then?
We have also just learned that the crab population in Alaska has suffered a decline that is truly catastrophic…
According to an annual survey of the Bering Sea floor carried out by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, estimates for the crustaceans’ total numbers fell to about 1.9 billion in 2022, down from 11.7 billion in 2018, or a reduction of about 84 percent.
For the first time ever, the Alaska Department of Fish and Game announced the Bering Sea snow crab season will remain closed for 2022-23, saying in a statement efforts must turn to “conservation and rebuilding given the condition of the stock.”
There are countless other examples just like this.
But very few people seem to care.
Meanwhile, our scientists continue to conduct experiments which could ultimately result in even more mass extinctions. In fact, just this week it was being reported that taxpayer-funded researchers at Boston University have created a hybrid COVID virus that has “an 80 percent lethality rate”…
A senior US health official today admitted that controversial Covid manipulation research carried out in a laboratory in Boston was not authorized — despite being funded by taxpayer money.
DailyMail.com exclusively revealed yesterday that a team from Boston University had developed a hybrid Covid virus — combining the Omicron and original Wuhan strains — which had an 80 percent lethality rate.
Public records indicate it was partly paid for using a grant awarded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), one of the federal government’s main research agencies.
Only people that are completely and utterly insane would purposely create something like this.
What if it gets out somehow?
What will they do then?
The stupidity that we are witnessing is off the charts.
But unless the mainstream media makes a really big deal out of this, most of the population is simply not going to care.
And that is because most of the population does not even bother to think for themselves any longer.
Humanity just keeps making self-destructive decision after self-destructive decision, and the global elite seem quite satisfied with how things are going.
Thanks to them, we live on a dirty, filthy poisoned planet, and the clock just keeps on ticking.
***It is finally here! Michael’s new book entitled “7 Year Apocalypse” is now available in paperback and for the Kindle on Amazon.***
About the Author:
My name is Michael and my brand new book entitled “7 Year Apocalypse” is now available on Amazon.com. In addition to my new book I have written five other books that are available on Amazon.com including “Lost Prophecies Of The Future Of America”, “The Beginning Of The End”, “Get Prepared Now”, and “Living A Life That Really Matters”. (#CommissionsEarned) When you purchase any of these books you help to support the work that I am doing, and one way that you can really help is by sending digital copies as gifts through Amazon to family and friends. Time is short, and I need help getting these warnings into the hands of as many people as possible. I have published thousands of articles on The Economic Collapse Blog, End Of The American Dream and The Most Important News, and the articles that I publish on those sites are republished on dozens of other prominent websites all over the globe. I always freely and happily allow others to republish my articles on their own websites, but I also ask that they include this “About the Author” section with each article. The material contained in this article is for general information purposes only, and readers should consult licensed professionals before making any legal, business, financial or health decisions. I encourage you to follow me on social media on Facebook and Twitter, and any way that you can share these articles with others is a great help. These are such troubled times, and people need hope. John 3:16 tells us about the hope that God has given us through Jesus Christ: “For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.” If you have not already done so, I strongly urge you to ask Jesus to be your Lord and Savior today.
Meet The F-111 Aardvark: The US Plane Built To Kill Everything (Pictures)
Meet The F-111 Aardvark: The US Plane Built To Kill Everything (Pictures)
The General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark Was a True Multirole Combat Aircraft – Developed to meet a bold United States Department of Defense (DoD) edict that called for a multi-role aircraft that could meet all future tactical needs of all U.S. military services, the General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark proved to be a major success, albeit with a rocky start. Production variants of the F-111 had it serve in roles that included ground attack/interdiction; strategic bombing, with nuclear weapons; reconnaissance; and electronic warfare. It was a long-range, all-weather strike aircraft that was capable of navigating at low levels to destroy targets deep in enemy territory.
Multi-role Aircraft
It was truly a cutting-edge multi-role aircraft, including being the first production variable-geometry wing aircraft as well as to feature terrain-following radar for low-level, high-speed flight.
It also pioneered the use of after-burning turbofan engines.
The F-111 Aardvark had been originally conceived in early 1960 to combine the United States requirement for a fighter-bomber with United States Navy’s need for an air-superiority fighter. While the Navy subsequently canceled its program, the Air Force forged ahead.
The F-111 was a major step forward, but it required a new engine, wings and radar to enable it to complete its mission of dropping 8,000 pounds of bombs on a target 1,500 miles away – without refueling.
It was the first aircraft to utilize an afterburning turbofan engine, which provided it the power to fly supersonically to Europe without tankers. The F-111 set a record for the longest low-level supersonic flight (172 miles at less than 1,000 feet altitude) on November 9, 1966.
The F-111 as A Bomber
The F-111 entered service with the U.S. Air Force in 1967, and it was primarily employed as a bomber.
Yet, it could fly like no other bomber of the era – low to the ground to avoid detection until the bombs were delivered, but then up to altitude at supersonic speed to make its return flight home.
It featured a swept wing – one that could be changed in flight – and could vary between sixteen and 72.5 degrees, with side-by-side seating for a pilot and weapons systems officer.
The F-111’s wings were straight for take-offs, landings, or slow-speed flight; but by sweeping its wings rearward, it could exceed twice the speed of sound (Mach 2).
The advanced avionics allowed for night/all-weather flight close to the ground. The aircraft’s radar system could enable the F-111 to fly at just 200 feet off the ground in changing terrain without pilot intervention. The system allowed the pilot to shift the aircraft while radar-controlled the altitude.
The avionics also helped locate and bomb targets at night and in bad weather, while the F-111 was also able to take off and land on runways as short as 3,000 feet.
During the Vietnam War, the Aardvark offered twice the range of the F-4 Phantom yet could carry two and a half times the weapons load.
Improved Version
The F-111F variant was also equipped with an all-weather AN/AVQ-26 Pave Tack infrared targeting designator/reader carried in a pod-mounted turret under the fuselage.
The aircraft could track and designate ground targets for laser, infrared and electro-optical bombs.
Eighteen aircraft were employed, along with four EF-111A Raven electronic warfare variants, during the April 14, 1986, “ Operation El Dorado Canyon” airstrikes on Libya. Taking off from Royal Air Force Lakenheath and Royal Air Force Upper Heyford in the United Kingdom and flying round-trip to Libya – a distance of 6,400 miles and spanning 13 hours – it was the longest fighter combat mission in history.
The F-111s faced a 3,500-mile flight with four aerial refuelings each way due to flight restrictions. As the aircraft approached Libya, two U.S. Navy aircraft carriers, the USS Coral Sea (CV-43) and the USS America (CV-66), launched fourteen A-6E strike aircraft and twelve F/A-18 and A-7 strike support aircraft. Although the mission was deemed a success, it was not without controversy. The U.S. Navy later claimed that the entire operation could have been accomplished using Navy assets. In addition, one F-111 was lost over Libya and crashed into the Mediterranean Sea.
Just five years later, the F-111F proved to be one of the most effective Allied aircraft in Operation Desert Storm in 1991, where it flew more than 2,400 sorties against Iraqi strategic sites, vehicle formations and hardened bunkers.
In total, 566 F-111s of all series were built; 106 of them were production F-111Fs. The United States Air Force retired the last F-111F in 1996 when it was replaced by the F-15E Strike Eagle for medium-range precision strike missions, while the supersonic bomber role was assumed by the B-1B Lancer.
Now a Senior Editor for 1945, Peter Suciu is a Michigan-based writer who has contributed to more than four dozen magazines, newspapers and websites. He regularly writes about military hardware, and is the author of several books on military headgear including A Gallery of Military Headdress, which is available on Amazon.com. Peter is also a Contributing Writer for Forbes.
Time is “elastic”: Why time passes faster atop a mountain than at sea level
Time is “elastic”: Why time passes faster atop a mountain than at sea level
Since Einstein presented his general theory of relativity, we’ve known that gravity has the ability to warp space and time. Even at low levels, this “time dilation” effect occurs. We experience distortions in how we see time outside of physics, sometimes to startling extents.
Place one clock on top of a mountain. Put another one on the seashore. You’ll notice that each clock displays a different time. Why? Time slows down as you come closer to Earth because, as Einstein proposed in his general theory of relativity, the gravity of a big mass, such as the Earth, warps space and time around it.
This “time dilation” effect was first observed on a cosmic scale, such as when a star passes close to a black hole. The same effect was discovered on a much smaller scale in 2010, when researchers used two incredibly precise atomic clocks, one 33 cm higher than the other. Time went slower as the clock got closer to Earth.
The differences were minor, but the implications were meaningful: absolute time does not exist. Time moves slightly differently for each clock in the world and for everyone of us. But, even if time moves at varying speeds around the cosmos, time still moves in some objective sense, right? Maybe not.
Carlo Rovelli, an Italian theoretical physicist, suggests in his book “The Order of Time” that our perception of time — our sensation that time is always moving ahead — could be a highly subjective illusion. After all, when you examine reality on the smallest scale (at least using quantum gravity equations), time vanishes.
“If I observe the microscopic state of things,” writes Rovelli, “then the difference between the past and future vanishes … in the elementary grammar of things, there is no distinction between ’cause’ and ‘effect.’”
So, what causes us to perceive time as moving forward? Rovelli observes that, whereas time disappears on extremely small scale, we clearly see events occurring sequentially in reality. To put it another way, we see entropy: as order changing into disorder; an egg cracking and getting scrambled.
According to Rovelli, the second law of thermodynamics, which stipulates that heat always moves from hot to cold, describes important features of time. This is only one method. For example, an ice cube never melts into a hot cup of tea. A comparable process, according to Rovelli, could explain why we can only perceive the past and not the future.
“Any time the future is definitely distinguishable from the past, there is something like heat involved,” Rovelli wrote for the Financial Times. “Thermodynamics traces the direction of time to something called the ‘low entropy of the past’, a still mysterious phenomenon on which discussions rage.”
He continues: “Entropy growth orients time and permits the existence of traces of the past, and these permit the possibility of memories, which hold together our sense of identity. I suspect that what we call the “flowing” of time has to be understood by studying the structure of our brain rather than by studying physics: evolution has shaped our brain into a machine that feeds off memory in order to anticipate the future. This is what we are listening to when we listen to the passing of time. Understanding the “flowing” of time is therefore something that may pertain to neuroscience more than to fundamental physics. Searching for the explanation of the feeling of flow in physics might be a mistake.”
Scientists are still learning a lot about how we perceive time and why it behaves differently depending on the scale. However, outside of the realm of physics, our individual perspective of time is surprisingly elastic.
On a mountain, time moves differently than on a beach. However, you do not need to travel far to encounter strange distortions in your perspective of time. For example, at moments of life-or-death fear, your brain would release massive amounts of adrenaline, which would speed up your internal clock, causing you to view the outer world as moving slowly.
Another common distortion occurs when we direct our attention in specific directions.
“If you’re thinking about how time is currently passing by, the biggest factor influencing your time perception is attention,” Aaron Sackett, associate professor of marketing at the University of St. Thomas, told Gizmodo. “The more attention you give to the passage of time, the slower it tends to go. As you become distracted from time’s passing—perhaps by something interesting happening nearby, or a good daydreaming session—you’re more likely to lose track of time, giving you the feeling that it’s slipping by more quickly than before. “Time flies when you’re having fun,” they say, but really, it’s more like “time flies when you’re thinking about other things.” That’s why time will also often fly by when you’re definitely not having fun—like when you’re having a heated argument or are terrified about an upcoming presentation.”
Psychedelic drugs are one of the most mysterious ways for humans to experience time-perception distortions. Rovelli detailed an LSD experiment in an interview with The Guardian.
“It was an extraordinarily strong experience that touched me also intellectually,” he said. “Among the strange phenomena was the sense of time stopping. Things were happening in my mind but the clock was not going ahead; the flow of time was not passing any more. It was a total subversion of the structure of reality.”
Few scientists or philosophers appear to believe that time is a complete illusion.
“What we call time is a rich, stratified concept; it has many layers,” Rovelli told Physics Today. “Some of time’s layers apply only at limited scales within limited domains. This does not make them illusions.”
The belief that time moves at an absolute rate is an illusion. The river of time may run forever, yet it moves at various rates between people and even within your own mind.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 73 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
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