Spectacular Aurora Seen Over Jupiter

The auroras cover large sections of the planet's poles and are "hundreds of times more energetic" than Earth's auroras, according to the statement from the European Space Agency's (ESA) Hubble Telescope group. Earth's auroras are created when charged particles from the sun (called the solar wind) interact with the Earth's magnetic field and atmosphere. On Jupiter, auroras are created by the energetic particles that come from the sun, but also from one of the planet's moons, Io. Jupiter has an incredibly strong magnetic field, and, unlike on Earth, the auroras on Jupiter never stop, according to the statement. 

Nichols and his colleagues are using Hubble to examine the auroras in ultraviolet light, and analyze how the auroras respond to the solar wind. The Juno probe is currently flying through that same solar wind, and measuring its properties, the statement said. (Hubble did a similar study of Jupiter's auroras and the solar wind with the Cassini probe in 2000). 

Jupiter's auroras were first spotted by the Voyager 1 probe, and have been studied by additional observatories ever since. 

The Juno probe will arrive at Jupiter on July 4, and turn on its thrusters in order to slow down and enter into orbit around the planet. Juno will make a total of 37 loops around Jupiter (traveling into the narrow space between the cloud tops and the radiation belt that surrounds the planet), over the course of about 20 months. With its mission complete, Juno will make a death dive into Jupiter in February 2018.

Follow Calla Cofield @callacofield. Follow us @Spacedotcom, Facebook and Google+. Original article on Space.com.

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04-07-2016 om 00:25 geschreven door peter  

Rosetta's days are finally numbered as countdown to comet crash commences

On September 30, the European Space Agency will send the Rosetta spacecraft crashing into Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.

All things must come to an end, and so it is for Rosetta, the spacecraft in orbit around Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The European Space Agency has officially announced a date for the mission's conclusion: September 30, 2016.

On that date, the orbiter will join the Philae lander on the comet's surface, but not with a gentle touchdown. The Rosetta team is going to send the orbiter plummeting into Comet 67P/C-G, seizing what could be its last chance to collect valuable data, and snap high-resolution images that it would have no other way of obtaining.

Rosetta launched on March 2, 2004, and arrived in orbit around Comet 67P/C-G on August 6, 2014. This was no mean feat. The comet travels on a wide elliptical orbit, so the ESA had to carefully calculate how fast Rosetta could travel, then figure out where its path and the comet's path would intersect.

The Rosetta orbiter, taking photos from a position in orbit around the comet, and the Philae lander, collecting data on the comet's surface, provided a wealth of new information about Comet 67P that helped scientists understand a lot more about comets in general.

Comet 67P is currently travelling back out towards the farthest point from the sun in its orbit. At that distance, the power Rosetta's solar cells can collect from the sun is significantly reduced. Putting the orbiter into hibernation was one option, but there is no guarantee it could even get enough power to stay warm enough to survive.

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So the Rosetta team has decided that the mission must come to an end. But crashing an orbiter into it's surface, though, is way trickier than it sounds.

Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko as photographed by Rosetta's OSIRIS camera from a distance of 820 kilometres on March 29, 2016.

ESA/Rosetta/MPS for OSIRIS Team MPS/UPD/LAM/IAA/SSO/INTA/UPM/DASP/IDA

"Planning this phase is in fact far more complex than it was for Philae's landing. The last six weeks will be particularly challenging as we fly eccentric orbits around the comet -- in many ways this will be even riskier than the final descent itself," explained ESA Rosetta spacecraft manager Sylvain Lodiot.

Once Rosetta meets the surface of Comet 67P, the spacecraft will no longer be able to communicate with Earth. However, this doesn't mean that there will be no more discoveries.

"September 30 will mark the end of spacecraft operations, but the beginning of the phase where the full focus of the teams will be on science," said ESA Rosetta scientist Matt Taylor. "That is what the Rosetta mission was launched for and we have years of work ahead of us."

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03-07-2016 om 23:55 geschreven door peter  

Auvergne, France, les mystérieux souterrains annulaires- PART I

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Nous voici de retour dans la Montagne Bourbonnaise, il s'agit donc d'une suite aux précédents articles parlant de ces divers lieux étranges, sacrés, chargés d'Histoire et de Légendes, de mystères non élucidés pour beaucoup. Vous trouverez les liens vers ces articles en bas de celui-ci.

Encore un mystère non élucidé que ces étranges souterrains annulaires dont les premiers exemplaires semblent avoir été découverts au milieu du 19ème siècle, alors que d'autres l'ont encore été au cours du 20ème, et qu'il en resterait probablement encore à découvrir. On a longtemps pensé qu'ils étaient uniques et concentrés dans le Centre de la France, mais d'autres découvertes similiaires, en Autriche et en République Tchèque, ont encore accentué le mystère les entourant. Et ce mystère est multiple si on épluche les diverses publications à leur sujet : on ne connaît pas leur but, la raison de leur existence, ni réellement par qui et quand ils ont été creusés. Car les quelques datations effectuées, (encore une fois avec un mauvais calibrage du carbone 14, réévalué récemment), sur de très rares tessons de poteries ou artefacts métalliques trouvés seulement dans quelques souterrains, s'étalent de la période gallo-romaine (ou même plusieurs siècles avant JC à un endroit !, j'en reparlerais) jusqu'à la Renaissance (1694) ! De toute façon, l'on sait depuis longtemps qu'un grand nombre de souterrains ont été utilisés et réutilisés au cours du temps (des souterrains du moyen-âge ont ainsi été encore utilisés pendant la guerre 1914-1918 !) : une datation raisonnable ne saurait donc être très fiable tant que la science n'a pas découvert le moyen de dater les gravures et usinages de la pierre... la présence de poteries ou artefacts ne témoignant bien souvent qu'une appropriation postérieure de lieux plus anciens, ce que les archéologues raisonnables et ouverts reconnaissent volontiers.

En fait, la majorité des souterrains, mêmes bouchés depuis longtemps, ne contiennent absolument rien : ils semblent même avoir été scrupuleusement nettoyés de toutes traces de leurs bâtisseurs et même d'autres visiteurs ultérieurs. Si nous ne parlons que de la Montagne Bourbonnaise, le nombre de souterrains jusqu'à présent découverts seraient de 34 parfaitement identifiés (dont 14 sur la seule commune d'Arfeuilles - un souterrain tous les 300 mètres !, 5 sur Le Breuil, 3 sur la Chapelle, 2 sur Laprugne, le Mayet de Montagne et Nizerolles, 1 sur La Chabanne, Isserpent, Molles et Saint-Nicolas des Biefs) et de 15 de plus (49 donc en tout) dont l'existence est mentionnée par un ou plusieurs témoignages, mais qui n'ont jamais été explorés ou leur situation exacte perdue au cours du temps...

C'est d'ailleurs le cas d'un des premiers découverts, en 1854, et qui avait fait l'objet d'une publication ving ans plus tard et d'une exploration : on a perdu depuis sa situation exacte dans le hameau de Terre-Noire de la commune de Laprugne (Allier) ! Voici cette étude (qui pensait par erreur à un souterrain-refuge) et schéma, dans "Le Forez illustré" du 1^er et du 8  août 1875 par le docteur Frédéric Noëlas. Pour rappel, ce souterrain avait été découvert en 1855 par hasard, lors du creusement des fondations d'une grange, puis rebouché.

Extraits : " La région montagneuse qui forme entre la chaîne de la Madeleine et celle du Montoncel le canton le plus méridional du département de l'Allier offre à l'archéologie des sujets d'étude qui touchent au plus haut point de la science: roches à bassins et à empreintes, châtelards, voies primitives, souterrains refuges, villes et industries gauloises, murs gaulois, pour ne parler que de ce qui nous est le plus à cœur….

En dehors du bassin et des travaux de concession des mines de cuivre de la Prugne, sur les premières croupes des hauteurs qui s'élèvent brusquement jusqu'à près de treize cents mètres au sommet de la Madeleine, un hameau, celui de Terre-Noire, étage ses maisons à quelque distance du profond ravin où coule le ruisseau de la Coste.

Il y a vingt ans des propriétaires, voulant y bâtir une grange, creusèrent des fondations et furent on ne peut plus surpris de sentir le sol peu solide dans un endroit rocheux; ils creusèrent par curiosité et découvrirent un souterrain, où ils pénétrèrent assez imprudemment et sans ordres, surtout sans intention de s'en rendre compte par l'étude; ils n'y trouvèrent, dit-on que des morceaux d'une poterie grossière. La découverte fit grand bruit, nombre de visiteurs accoururent, mais tous inexpérimentés; puis on referma la cavité tant et si bien qu'il a fallu deux demi-journées pour la retrouver.

Cependant, on avait un point de départ; il avait fallu, lors de la construction de la grange, reculer les fondations, on chercha donc dernièrement et, au fond d'une tranchée d'environ un mètre cinquante centimètres de profondeur, on rencontra une entrée du souterrain, la même que celle découverte il y a vingt années. L'ami qui nous préparait si galamment la besogne pénétra dans la cavité par une ouverture assez étroite, reconnut les lieux puis referma soigneusement avec de grosse pierres l'entrée du roc, crainte d'accident.

Enfin, le 11 juillet dernier, nous nous rendîmes vers le souterrain avec une certaine solennité: un orage majestueux nous surprit en route... deux petits murs formaient l'entrée de la grotte; leur distance réciproque était d'environ un mètre, ils reposaient sur la roche vive et une pente assez douce conduisait à une ouverture si étroite que les épaules d'un homme avaient peine à y passer; mais au bout de quelques pas faits et en se laissant glisser les pieds en avant, le souterrain se révèle à la hauteur d'un homme de petite taille.

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Voici l'aspect de la galerie: elle est creusée dans une roche de porphyre quartziféré très fendillée et cassante, commune dans le pays et coupée de filons d'un granit grenu décomposé nommé gore, au-dessous d'une terre labourée qui porte le nom de la mure (masure); sa direction générale est du S-E au N-E; sa voûte de forme pointue très irrégulièrement ogivale n'est nulle part soutenue par une maçonnerie quelconque; elle ne paraissait pas solide, la pierre s'égrenait laissant passer de grosses gouttes d'eau de pluie et à chaque roulement de tonnerre que l'oreille ne percevait pas au reste dans les profondeurs, de petites rocailles se détachaient comme au moindre frottement; la largeur du boyau souterrain est d'environ 0.70 à 0.80 m ; nous étions trois explorateurs et le travailleur avait peine à se servir de sa pioche.

Une première galerie, pendant cinq ou six mètres, serpente fortement et brusquement, puis elle envoie à gauche et à droite deux branches de manière à circonscrire une masse de roche en forme de colossal pilier arrondi; on observe que la branche de gauche continue presque droit la première galerie avec la même hauteur de voûte et la même largeur; la branche de droite se dévie fortement de ce côté et son plafond est plus bas d'au moins 30 à 35 cm ; des flaques d'eau jaunâtre s'étaient amassées sur le sol, mais aucune fosse, aucun puits ne s'ouvraient dans les galeries au point de rencontre des deux branches; dans la paroi de gauche est creusée une case ou niche dans une partie granuleuse de la roche à hauteur de l'épaule, cette case large de 15 cm a le sommet pointu; on voit très distinctement les nombreux coups d'un outil pointu comme un pic qui a creusé la pierre tendre (ailleurs la pierre fendillée ne montre pas ces traces).

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On distingue un ascia gallo-romain gravé à gauche du socle de cette statue-pierre tombale. L'ascia qui servit peut-être à creuser les souterrains, avait aussi une valeur symbolique, puisqu'elle était souvent gravée sur les pierres tombales gallo-romaines, étant censée protéger et assurer l'inviolabilité dudit tombeau.

Nul vestige de rouille ou d'oxyde de cuivre pour indiquer la matière de l'outil, mais vu la difficulté de manœuvrer, même un marteau de mineur, à cause de la voûte, on voit que l'outil était emmanché si court qu'il devait être vraisemblablement tenu à la main comme un couteau… nulle marque de fuliginosité ou de suie de lampe dans cette case ni aux voûtes; ces deux galeries réunies sans chambre élargie, sans issues autres, après un mètre de parcours, rencontrent un muretin de grosses pierres haut de 50 cm disposé transversalement, il est maçonné avec de l'argile jaune comme ceux de l'entrée, et forme un petit ponceau sous lequel fuit un filet d'eau par une pente assez rapide; au-delà et au bout de 6 mètres , presque en ligne droite, un fort éboulement barre le passage et sur le sol extérieur on remarque, à cet endroit, une dépression sensible.

L'eau s'écoulant ainsi n'avait pu s'accumuler en trop grande quantité, mais elle gênait nos recherches, la pioche ne ramenant que des pierrailles sans forme, point de poterie ni d'outils; de la paille pourrie et noire et dans la galerie de gauche de la paille brûlée et charbonnée provenant sans doute des brandes de paille dont on s'était servi au risque de s'enfumer lors de l'exploration d'il y a 20 ans; un bout de plateau ou d'épaisses planches de chêne mises là sans doute pour appuyer sur les pierres et ne pas se mouiller les pieds, tout annonce une visite timide et hâtive. Le bois du plateau est pourri, mou et malgré qu'il soit infiltré d'eau, il a perdu énormément de son poids. L'air avait pénétré dans le souterrain et si la première fois il était méphitique et éteignait les lumières, lors de notre examen il s'était renouvelé. Mais comme contraste avec ce bois, nous avons recueilli dans le terrain et sous les éboulis de la galerie de droite un long bâton brut et noueux dont une branche cassée au bout forme un crochet, vrai bâton de sauvage, d’homme primitif (nous savons qu’on a trouvé semblable objet dans des souterrains analogues). Il était difficile de savoir au moment de la trouvaille de quel bois était ce bâton, on eût dit un morceau d’érable à l’écorce rude (bois très rare dans la montagne) et tout à fait comparable à des bois qui ont séjourné des siècles dans les tourbières ; celui-là, au lieu d’avoir perdu de son poids, en avait acquis considérablement, il pesait de cinq à sept cent grammes, infiltré d’eau mais aussi de matières siliceuses…..

On est convenu de nommer ce genre de grottes creusées de main d’homme "souterrains de refuges", mais la science n’a pas dit son dernier mot sur leur mystérieuse destination. Dès lors qu’ils ne sont pas construits de maçonnerie, il y a grande présomption d’antiquité, aucun château féodal n’y ayant laissé vestige et souvenir, mais on ne peut raisonner sur leur destination que par analogie et apporter dans leur recherche un grand esprit critique ; dans les uns, on trouve des restes évidents de l’homme préhistorique, hachettes de pierre, auges à broyer le grain ou le millet, comme dans la Creuse, le souterrain-refuge de Sanglard… Dans les autres on a trouvé de la poterie romaine ; les uns sont pourvus de puits ou fosses de défense, de conduits d’air ou soupiraux, présentent des cachettes, des grès à aiguiser, des réservoirs d’eau et des cavités circulaires, véritables silos que l’on cachait à l’ennemi; d’autres enfin offrent, taillés dans le bloc, des ouvertures avec des feuillures pour les portes, des bancs, des retraites et des salles spacieuses, de sorte qu’on a pu dire que c’était des habitations permanentes aussi bien que des refuges temporaires, même des caveaux ou des greniers d’approvisionnement.

Ils ont pu être occupés et réoccupés à différentes époques de troubles et d’invasion et sont creusés suivant différents types. (YH : à l'époque il y a peu de souterrains annulaires découverts et étudiés, mais l'auteur fait tout de même, remarquablement, le lien avec ceux-ci et un autre déjà découvert à Arfeuilles).

Ils sont rarement isolés, souvent groupés dans le même endroit à proximité de fontaine ou de ruisseaux ; ceux de la contrée, assez nombreux, semblent appartenir tous aux mêmes types : une galerie étroite embrassant un énorme pilier, nous en connaissons un à Arfeuilles dont la forme est tréflée, c’est-à-dire qu’il a trois piliers entourés de galerie qui se rendent dans un boyau unique. Tous ont été creusés de la même manière, avec les mêmes outils, dans la même roche. Nous faisons remarquer que la roche n’a pas partout un degré de solidité pareille, mais le temps, les mouvements de terrain ont dénaturé cette solidité.

Si le souterrain de Terre-Noire laisse maintenant filtrer les eaux pluviales, c’est qu’il était sans doute couvert de feuilles sèches et de fumier, comme le rapportent des auteurs anciens parlant (YH : peut-être : il n'y a pas de mention du lieu dans les écrits de Tacite au sujet des souterrains des "Germains", de plus, la région est considérée comme étant la région des Arvernes...) de ces souterrains. Il faut se faire une idée de la vie au grand air de nos ancêtres chasseurs et pêcheurs ; ils n’étaient jamais chez eux, il suffisait que la nuit et au gros de l’hiver les femmes et les enfants fussent en sûreté, la commodité, l’élégance du logis, sa salubrité même étaient choses secondaires. Mais nous faisons nous même toutes réserves à ce sujet, nous bornant à affirmer l’antiquité de ces retraites si bien oubliées des hommes.

L'ascia est un outil gallo-romain en forme de hache, une herminette, un outil à tailler le bois ou à polir la pierre, l'instrument à tout faire du maçon. 
Cet outil gravé sur la pierre tombale était réputé lui conférer une protection en lui assurant l'inviolabilité.

Le peuple voit des communications fantastiques du souterrain Terre-noire avec les galeries du Châtelard,  poste gaulois situé à deux kilomètres de distance... (sans preuve...) "

Ce souterrain fut par la suite rebouché et disparut des mémoires. Si la grange existe toujours, le souterrain n'évoquait plus aucun souvenir aux habitants du village, ni à l'ancien propriétaire de la grange, M. Eugène Oblette.

Des souterrains tous très semblables. Tous les souterrains de la Montagne bourbonnaise sont de longueur modeste (entre 20 et 40 m). Ils sont tous situés à une faible profondeur (entre 1m50 et 5m) et creusés dans du schiste ou du "gore" (arène granitique en décomposition), des matériaux qui excluent le creusement de vastes salles ou de larges couloirs. La plupart suivent le schéma de la lettre grecque Φ "phi" avec un vestibule d'entrée, se prolongeant plus ou moins dans l'axe par une galerie, coupant en deux endroits une structure en anneau. On notera que cette 21ème lettre grecque (utilisée aussi auparavant par les minoens de Crète, Santorin et Milos, mais aussi par les Etrusques, puis tardivement par les Coptes). 

Dans le système de numération grecque, phi vaut 500 ; par exemple ‹ φʹ › représente le nombre 500. Comme la plupart des autres lettres grecques, le phi est parfois utilisé en dehors de son contexte alphabétique grec dans les sciences. Par exemple, en mathématiques, elle note traditionnellement le nombre d'or (1+√5)/2 (soit environ 1,618). On l'appelle aussi "La Proportion Divine" car si on on mesure notre taille et qu'on divise ce nombre par la mesure du nombril aux pieds, on obtient Phi. On obtient le même résultat si on mesure la taille du haut de l'épaule au plus haut des doigts et qu'on divise ce nombre par la taille du coude au plus haut des doigts...

On accède à ces souterrains par un dénivelé et une entrée non cachée parfois même par un escalier monumental (comme chez Néglot), ce qui exclut toute hypothèse de cache ou de refuge. La plupart semblent avoir été creusés au Haut Moyen Age, à l'aide d'une ascia sorte de hache à tout faire que les gallo-romains utilisaient pour tailler le bois ou creuser dans la pierre tendre. Beaucoup étaient murés à l'entrée (chez Guérande) ou dans la galerie, ce qui tendrait à renforcer l'hypothèse d'un lieu sanctuarisé. L'extrémité de la galerie ou de la "chapelle" possède souvent des alcôves ou des niches. On trouve souvent, au bout de ces galeries, des conduits verticaux de faible diamètre (parfois inachevés) et communiquant avec l'extérieur (aération ? Culte des morts ?).

Une hypothèse fait état que ces souterrains pourraient être des sortes de tombeaux où les habitants du Haut Moyen-Age (Gallo-Romains) déposaient les restes calcinés de leurs défunts dans des urnes funéraires. La crémation était en effet interdite par la religion chrétienne qui s'était implantée d'abord dans les villes et qui préconisait l'inhumation tout en condamnant l'incinération, héritage du paganisme. Mais cette hypothèse, si tentante soit-elle, n'est pas confirmée par des éléments matériels ( ossements calcinés, statuettes, sculptures ou peintures sur les parois). Mais l'Eglise pourrait avoir découvert cette pratique par la suite, et aurait tout nettoyé, ce qui est aussi une possibilité bien sûr...

Ce pourrait être aussi d'antiques sanctuaires en rapport avec le culte des morts, ce qui pourrait expliquer la présence de ces "conduits d'aération" plus ou moins achevés. Dans ce cas, ceux-ci seraient une sorte de passage reliant le monde des morts (souterrain) à celui des vivants (sur la terre). Face à la progression inéluctable de la religion chrétienne durant le haut moyen âge, ce type de sanctuaire aurait disparu. Il aurait survécu sous une autre forme plus "chrétienne" celle-là (l'Eglise a récupéré beaucoup de cultes païens ou antiques à son compte), la lanterne des morts.

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La lanterne des morts est un édifice maçonné, de forme variable, souvent élancé généralement creux et surmonté d'un pavillon ajouré, dans lequel au crépuscule, on hissait, souvent avec un système de poulies, une lampe allumée, supposée servir de guide aux défunts.

Mais là où cela se gâte, c'est que certains vestiges tout de même découverts depuis (alors que d'autres découvertes "préhistoriques" sont mentionnées au 19ème siècle), pourraient ramener cette pratique à bien plus anciens que les Gallo-Romains, puisque dans les souterrains de Puyravel, dans des fouilles au Hameau de Chez-Guerrier (Mayet-Montagne), sur le site de Moulin-Piat (à 2km au sud de Glozel, M. René Gattefossé le fouille en 1939. Il y découvre des haches de pierre, deux flêches, des anneaux de schiste brun, certaines de ces pièces sont gravées), dans les souterrains annulaires de Cluzel et de Palissard (des tablettes ou des galets inscrits de signes "glozéliens" ont été découverts en 1928), des artefacts et gravures du néolithiques, préhistoriques donc, ont été trouvés. Certains de ces objets (galets gravés) ont été assimilés aux mêmes trouvés à Glozel. Des analyses faites en 1995 pour tenter de dater plus précisément une partie de ces objets "Glozéliens", dans plusieurs laboratoires, ont donné des résultats disparates et peu concluants : le quartz contenu dans la plupart des objets fausse les données de la thermoluminescence (radioactivité) et, malgré des résultats peu fiables et contradictoires entre les laboratoires (des données donnant -17000 ans en moyenne (comment ? c'est dans le rapport officiel pourtant !) mais s'étalant surtout entre - 600 avant JC et le 17ème siècle, voir même le 20ème siècle pour certains objets douteux), une étrange conclusion ramenait le tout au Moyen-âge, peut-être "Haut" (Gallo-Romain) pour certains objets, mais plutôt 13ème siècle pour l'essentiel... tout simplement parce, depuis le début du 20ème siècle, trop de fouilles avaient "pollué" les lieux et que seuls des traces d'une verrerie datant du moyen-âge avait pu être identifiées avec certitude... : " En effet, sans doute à cause de la très forte radioactivité naturelle de la région, les datations sont extrêmement disparates, et on a du mal à comprendre et à fortiori à expliquer la présence sur le même lieu, d'objets âgés de 17 000 ans, de 5 000 ans, de 2 500 ans, de 1 500 ans, et même du moyen âge ! Reste également l'énigme de l'écriture que l'on retrouve sur des os gravés de 17 000 ans, toujours non déchiffrée (elle l'a été par plusieurs auteurs différents à priori et daterait des Phéniciens selon beaucoup d'entre eux)... (mais cette écriture est ce qui gêne le plus la trame "historique"... même si d'autres écritures similaires semble avoir été découvertes ailleurs dans le monde (Pakistan)). Le compte rendu de 1995 est incomplet et ambigu : les seuls vestiges archéologiques du site sont les restants d'un artisanat de verrerie qui date du Moyen Âge. Aucun objet de type « glozélien » n'y a été découvert lors de ces fouilles de 1995 (!) "

On se rappellera bien sûr que les datations d'avant le 21ème siècle (recalibration du carbone 14 en 2004) ne peuvent plus être considérées comme fiables de toute façon... Il faudrait tout redater, et comme on le fait maintenant, avec l'aide d'au moins trois méthodes différentes...

Mais même s'il y a un possible lien entre Glozel et les souterrains annulaires (puisque, finalement, il n'y a pas qu'à Glozel que des objets "glozéliens" ont été découverts !), revenons sur ces derniers, voilà plusieurs plans et schémas de ces cavités, établis par plusieurs chercheurs dont les noms sont sités plus haut ou par la suite... :

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Anneau Birat (commune de Châtel Montagne) découvert en 1952, suite à l'effondrement de la voûte lors du passage d'une vache. Allée rectiligne de 13 m , demi-cercle de 18 m , 1m65 de haut, restes d'un muret de pierres sèches vers le fond

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Chez Frobert (commune de Châtel Montagne) découvert sous un bâtiment. La partie rectiligne mesure environ 8m, l'anneau 13m50, les 2 extrémités, remblais et effondrement) n'ont pas été explorées.. Ont été trouvés quelques tessons de poterie et un liard de 1694 (!)

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L'entrée de l'anneau de Chez Frobert

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Anneau de Guérande (commune d'Arfeuilles) découvert en 1958, lors d'un labour. La véritable entrée était toujours murée. Les tessons retrouvés datent du Vème au IXème siècle (Gallo-Romain-Mérovée-Charlemagne). Allée rectiligne de 15 m débouchant sur une salle (la chapelle ?) avec 2 pierres d'autel de chaque côté).

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L'entrée murée de l'anneau de Guérande

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Anneau de Puyravel (Mayet de Montagne) découvert lors de labours en 1928. galerie de 16 m de circonférence. Restes de poteries, galet gravé et outil en pierre de l'époque préhistorique (néolithique + "Glozélien")

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Chez Néglot (commune du Breuil) exploré dès 1875 par Noëlas, comblé en grande partie. Anneau de 12 m. menant à une "chapelle" avec conduit extérieur, escalier d'accès monumental, mais accès fermé par d'énormes blocs de granit. Ces blocs de granit, extraits d'une carrière distante de 8 km, verrouillaient l'entrée (similitude avec les différents murets des autres souterrains qui interdisaient l'accès)

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Chez Néglot escalier d'accès monumental

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 A gauche, Couloir annulaire d'un souterrain annulaire creusé sous une église dans les Deux-Sèvres (France) (YH : ou c'est l'église qui a été construite sur le souterrain !). A droite, Arfeuilles, photo de souterrain annulaire

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Arfeuilles, photo de l'entrée bouchée du souterrain annulaire du Bois-Barret

Pour compléter un peu plus cette compilation de données sur les anneaux souterrains, voici un extrait d'un livre ("lieux mystérieux") d'un chercheur local (qui était considéré comme beaucoup il est vrai comme un "mystique", mi-voyant mi-esotériste (il a fait des prophéties de son vivant, dont certaines se sont réalisées)), un auvergnat donc, nommé Pierre Frobert (déjà cité dans les articles consacrés au monument très ancien (celte ou encore plus ancien) "Pierre Ginish" du Puy de Montencel, point culminant de la Montagne Bourbonnaise), et qui a donné sa propre hypothèse, évidemment l'une des plus étranges de toutes les hypothèses, mais qu'il argumente d'une façon assez intéressante quand on se penche et étudie toutes les données concernant nos ancêtres qui ont passé beaucoup de temps et d'efforts sur le transport (sur des kilomètres et avec peu de moyens) et l'élévation de pierres levées (menhirs, dolmens, cairns) et monuments parfois gigantesques, y compris parfois tout en haut de certaines montagnes... : " Les étranges souterrains d'Arfeuilles "

" Le territoire de la commune d'Arfeuilles recèle plus du tiers des souterrains de la Montagne Bourbonnaise; Notons plusieurs faits importants : il n 'y a pas d'aération ou si peu que personne ne pouvait les utiliser comme refuge; ils sont inutilisables; on ne peut rien entasser sans boucher le passage. Ce ne sont pas des lieux de culte : Il y a un souterrain tous les 300 mètres à Arfeuilles. (YH : notons au passage que le nom d'Arfeuilles prendrait ses racines (celtes et latines) dans "Fouilles profondes"), Les noms d’Arfeuilles et Arpheuilles pourraient provenir aussi du verbe latin « fodiculare », signifiant fouiller, creuser. Cette étymologie situerait donc effectivement la création de ces souterrains à une époque lointaine de toute façon (cf. Maurice Piboule,Mémoire des communes de l’Allier : La Combraille, 1988).  "M. DAUZAT, dans son dictionnaire des noms de lieux, pense (avec d'autres auteurs de dictionnaires similaires) que ce “feuilles“ serait un hybride Gallo-Latin de “fodiculare“, fouiller. Quant à la signification du préfixe “Ar“, elle laisse perplexe la plupart des linguistes. Une interprétation récente a été donnée en 1988 par M. FROMAGE, professeur de lettres anciennes et président de la Société Française de Mythologie, lors du congrès mondial sur les souterrains, qui s'était tenu à Arfeuilles cette année là. Pour lui, le “Ar “ proviendrait d'une déformation de prononciation du “Al “ de “alto“ qui signifie aussi bien profond qu’élevé. Cette interprétation est imaginée par M. DAUZAT et d'autres auteurs à propos de noms de lieux autres qu'Arfeuilles. Si cette interprétation est valable en ce qui nous concerne, “Arfeuilles“ signifierait “fouilles profondes“ ou encore “ le pays des fouilles profondes“. Or M. DAUZAT signale la présence de souterrains à proximité de la plupart des Arfeuilles ou Hautefeuilles. On a une explication qui tient debout, quant on sait qu'ici les souterrains annulaires atteignent une densité que, jusqu'à présent, on n'a jamais rencontrée ailleurs".

Des dépots d'urnes ? Cette hypothèse avait été avancée par le docteur Chabrol. C'est bien improbable (YH : aucune preuve n'est jamais venue l'étayer en tout cas).

D'après les recherches que j'ai effectuées en Bretagne et dans d'autres lieux, j'ai remarqué que tous ces souterrains présentent un plan particulier, à savoir un couloir généralement petit débouchant sur une salle ou plusieurs salles de formes circulaires. En Bretagne on a élevé des Cairns, sorte de pyramides à étages, tout simplement parce qu'il n'y avait pas de montagnes or dans notre région (Auvergne), tous les sommets alentours présentent des amas de rochers placés volontairement ou des murs ceinturent un sommet. La concentration de ces souterrains n'est pas un hasard si l'on étudie la nature du sous-sol et les courants telluriques.

LA SCIENCE DES ATLANTES

Il existe sous la terre des courants de forces tout comme l'être humain possède un système nerveux électrique. Il est admis aussi que la foudre sort de la terre avant son échange avec les forces célestes. Or la foudre est toujours au croisement de lignes de force tellurique. Il y a donc des points d'émissions puissants et c'est sur ces points d"émissions que nos ancêtres ont creusé les montagnes, ou ont fabriqué des capteurs artificiels tumulus avec salle intérieure. Pour diriger cette force ils ont à certains endroits placés sous terre des capteurs directionnels de différents modèles.

Ce sont nos fameux souterrains aux formes étranges creusés en forme de voûte. Selon l'intensité de la force l"entrée qui est en réalité une sortie, était plus ou moins haute et était dirigée soit sur une file de menhirs - les condensateurs - ou plusieurs files de menhirs avec dolmens (prise de courant) soit sur des lignes naturelles (les autres nerfs de la terre) l'épine de certaines montagnes, le cours de certaines rivières, etc...

Nous avons une preuve éclatante de la domestication de cette énergie gravée sur les pierres du tumulus de Gravinis en Bretaqne. Cette énergie pouvait être décuplée par du quartz.

Sur la terre il existe de semblables systèmes de domestication des forces telluriques. Pour quoi faire me direz-vous : C'est ici que la réalité dépasse la fiction : Les Atlantes avaient des colonies sur toute la terre.

Les Atlantes connaissaient en des temps préhistoriques la radio, la télévision, l'énergie atomique, le laser et leurs vaisseaux aériens suivaient ces lignes de force telluriques, ces lignes servaient aussi à la fertilisation des terres, à envoyer des messages à distance et bien d'autres choses encore. A une période de leur histoire qui se situe vers 12500 avant le Christ, les Atlantes firent un mauvais usage de leurs découvertes et causèrent leur propre perte car ils ont mis au point des instruments qui mettaient en mouvement les feux du centre de la terre ainsi transformés en force destructrices. Les Atlantes s'étaient rendus maîtres d'une source d'énergie fabuleuse, les rayons du soleil amplifiés par des cristaux, l'inversement de ces forces a provoqué la destruction de leur continent.

Bien des gens ont du mal à croire à l'existence d'une civilisation avancée comme L'Atlantide et qu'elle ait pu disparaître sans laisser de traces, et pourtant ces traces existent.

Réfléchissez à ceci, il y a moins d'un siècle seuls les auteurs de science-fiction pouvaient songer à des choses comme la télévision, les sous-marins atomiques, la bombe à hydrogène. En moins de 50 ans, des nations ont disparu dans le chaos de deux guerres mondiales et d'autres ont été fondées. Regardez à quel point notre civilisation actuelle est tributaire des communications, des transports, de l'énergie électrique et il est facile d'imaginer qu'une guerre atomique, si elle ne détruit pas complètement l'humanité, puisse renvoyer l'homme à l'âge de pierre.

Que resterait il de notre superbe civilisation dans 5000 ans ? "

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Tous ces dessins sont extraits du livre de Pierre Frobert "Lieux mystérieux"

Autres souterrains annulaires dont on connaît l'existence :

Deux auteurs Francis Pérot (en 1884) et Adrien Blanchet (en 1927) signalent tous deux la présence d'un second souterrain annulaire à Laprugne, au "Chatelard". D'après Pérot: " La confection de la route de Laprugne à la Loge des Gardes a mis à découvert un souterrain dont on voit nettement la section et la forme au Chatelard. Les deux ouvertures qui se voyaient dans la tranchée de la route ont été maçonnées avant qu'il n'ait été exploré. Sa hauteur est de 1m30 et sa largeur 0m80 ". Et d'après l'inventaire de Blanchet: " Le Chatelard: souterrain dont les 2 parties découvertes ont été murées. Hauteur: 1m20; largeur: 0m70; voûte cintrée en anse de panier ".

Au hameau de Lareure, Jean Robert Perard, un agriculteur natif d'Arfeuilles a visité deux souterrains, un ouvert par le godet d'une pelleteuse qui réalisait le terrassement de son hangar et un autre découvert par des débardeurs dans le bois du Rez des Écoliers. Mais les deux sont bouchés depuis. Question de sécurité. L'agriculteur, qui a les yeux qui brillent lorsqu'il raconte sa visite du souterrain des Écoliers, se souvient de sa première visite et de l'état de quiétude qu'il a ressenti sous la terre. Il se souvient aussi de sa dernière visite avec des cameramen américains « qui ont failli y passer car il n'y avait plus d'oxygène dans le boyau. Trop de monde sans doute »...

Un reportage de Patrick Aujard, WebTv Livradois-Forez. -

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-iQIO3PO-Es

{  03-07-2016 om 23:45 geschreven door peter  

Auvergne, France, les mystérieux souterrains annulaires - PART II

Peu connu de la plupart des habitants de notre région, les souterrains annulaires sont extrêmement nombreux sur notre territoire : montagne thiernoise, bois noirs, monts du bourbonnais…
Aujourd’hui encore l’énigme de leur utilisation reste entière malgré les efforts de recherche des sociétés archéologiques locales et de la Société Française d’Étude des Souterrains.
Hugues Dourvert découvreur et spécialiste de ces structures souterraines nous entraine dans ses visites et nous donne quelques explications sur ces lieux mystérieux...

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Sources : http://r.saintaubin.free.fr/souterrains.htm

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phi

http://www.sciences-fictions-histoires.com/blog/archeologie/glozel-authentifie-cela-change-tout-1.html#JQ6g3EIeZhbrJr0j.99

http://www.ldi5.com/archeo/gloz.php

http://sfes.fr.free.fr/FR/Publication.htm

http://www.agoravox.fr/culture-loisirs/culture/article/les-souterrains-annulaires-de-la-33238

http://prilep.perso.sfr.fr/galerie2/souterraincultuel/galerie.htm

http://www.arfeuilles.fr/hist-text-2.pdf

Articles sur la Montagne Bourbonnaise, l'Auvergne et ses légendes :

http://www.sciences-fictions-histoires.com/blog/legendes-mythes/legendes-de-la-cite-disparue-de-taricum.html

http://www.sciences-fictions-histoires.com/blog/legendes-mythes/legendes-celtiques-et-romaines-2.html

http://www.sciences-fictions-histoires.com/blog/legendes-mythes/legendes-celtiques-et-romaines-3.html

http://www.sciences-fictions-histoires.com/blog/archeologie/france-la-montagne-sacree-du-bourbonnais.html

http://www.sciences-fictions-histoires.com/blog/legendes-mythes/legendes-d-auvergne-sur-les-traces-de-marie-magdeleine.html

http://www.sciences-fictions-histoires.com/blog/legendes-mythes/pierre-ginich-du-montencel-reportage-et-guerison.html

http://www.sciences-fictions-histoires.com/blog/archeologie/glozel-authentifie-cela-change-tout-1.html#JQ6g3EIeZhbrJr0j.9 

Yves Herbo, Sciences et Fictions et Histoires, 

http://herboyves.blogspot.com/, 03-07-2016

{  http://www.sciences-fictions-histoires.com/ }

03-07-2016 om 23:43 geschreven door peter  

Neil deGrasse Tyson Says Aliens Might Find Humans Too Stupid To Contact (VIDEO)

{ http://alien-ufo-sightings.com }

03-07-2016 om 22:39 geschreven door peter  

There is More Than One Area 51 — Secret Under-Ocean Military Bases

“It is ironic that the U.S. would begin a devastating war, allegedly in search of weapons of mass destruction, when the most worrisome developments in this field are occurring in your own backyard. 

“It is ironic that the U.S. should be fighting monstrously expensive wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, allegedly to bring democracy to those countries, when it itself can no longer claim to be called a democracy, when trillions, and I mean thousands of billions of dollars have been spent on projects about which both the Congress and the Commander in Chief have been kept deliberately in the dark.” – Paul Hellyer (Former Canadian Defence Minister)

In was only three years ago (2013) that the Central Intelligence Agency finally admitted to the existence of Area 51. Although it didn’t ‘officially’ exist before the CIA made this admission, it was pretty clear that something secretive was going on in the Nevada desert. 

That secretive something would be the testing of secret aircraft and technology that the public has absolutely no idea about. Take for example the U.S. air strike against Libya in 1996. An f-111 jet was used, which had been operational since 1983, but its existence was still kept secret for a number of years after.

These programs are referred to as Special Access Programs (SAP), and they are funded from what’s known as the ‘Black Budget.‘ From these we have unacknowledged and waived SAPs. These programs do not exist publicly, but they do indeed exist. They are better known as ‘deep black programs.’ 

A 1997 US Senate report described them as “so sensitive that they are exempt from standard reporting requirements to the Congress.”

It’s also important to mention that the United States has a history of government agencies existing in secret.

The National Security Agency (NSA) was founded in 1952 but its existence was hidden until the mid 1960’s. Even more secretive is the National Reconnaissance Office, which was founded in 1960 but remained completely concealed for 30 years.

 Under-Ocean & In Bottom Military Bases

Research into and discussions of under-ocean and in-bottom military bases began decades ago. For example, in 1968 the Stanford Research Institute discussed the construction of dozens of undersea bases. The study was titled “Feasibility of Manned In-Botton Bases.” 

It’s important to show you the abstract here, because it clearly reveals what the military-industrial complex was considering, and what they could do within their technological reach at the time — more than four decades ago.

*I obtained this abstract from the source listed below, if you would like to see it yourself, you can find it here.

Abstract:

The construction of thirty manned in-bottom bases within the ocean floors is technically and economically feasible. However, it will be necessary to establish some successive types of experimental facilities before a full construction program can be started. This could take 15 years. 

The major technology for a land-linked station in-bottom is established now; only adaptations are needed. The remaining experimental phases will require further development of equipment and techniques applicable to remote sea access. There are useful assignments for a succession of three experimental stations other than advancing in-bottom construction techniques. 

Science and engineering concerned with the oceans and their resources will be furthered and military tests of undersea base functions complimenting deeper operations can be accomplished. The costs of the experimental phase, called here a demonstration program, can be surprisingly modest: approximately one half-billion dollars, spent over 15 years. 

A distinction between in-bottom bases and on-bottom facilities is made in the numbers of men enclosed.  and the depth of water, wherein areas of one-atmosphere space can be created in-bottom, and on-bottom facilities is made in the numbers of men enclosed and the depth of water, wherein areas of one atmosphere space can be created in-bottom at such low costs the ingress system can be amortized if the space required is reasonably large. 

Economics thus can dictate choice between the two types; even so, some on-bottom facilities will be needed to aid the construction of remote in-bottom facilities.

Presently, establishing an in-bottom facility and building upon this will present fewer technical difficulties that do the submersibles which would support it and use it. Subsequent to the completion of the third phase of a demonstration program, which would be a remote, deep water station, and the evaluation of it, a multiple base program, could be implemented. 

The cost of such a base program would be about $2.7 billion for construction of a number of bases (assumed at 30).

So, do these bases exist today without question? I think they do, just like Area 51 existed without question.

In 1987 Deputy Director of Engineering and Construction for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Lloyd A. Duscha, gave a speech at an engineering conference titled “Underground Facilities for Defense – Experience and Lessons.” In the first paragraph of his speech he states the following:

“After World War II, political and economic factors changed the underground construction picture and caused a renewed interest to 'think underground.' As a result of this interest, the Corps of Engineers became involved in the design and construction of some very complex and interesting military projects. 

“Although the conference program indicates the topic to be “Underground Facilities for Defense – Experience and Lessons,” I must deviate a little because several of the most interesting facilities that have been designed and constructed by the Corps are classified. — (Lloyd A. Duscha, “Underground Facilities for Defense – Experience and Lessons,” in Tunneling and Underground Transport: Future Developments in Technology. Economics and Policy, ed. F.P. Davidson (New York: Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc., 1987, pp. 109-113.)

He then went into a discussion of the Corps’ involvement in the 1960’s in the construction of the large and elaborate NORAD base buried deep beneath Cheyenne Mountain in Colorado. This is just a public statement, but you will not find a more significant public admission of secret, underground bases than this one.

Such speeches are not the only evidence available, however. There also exist documents obtained by researchers through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) that shed more light on the subject, and clearly outline plans for the contraction of underground facilities.

Another great example of in-bottom bases deep underneath the ocean floor comes from William B. McLean, who was the inventor of the Sidewinder air-to-air missile and former Technical Director of the China Lake Naval  Naval Ordnance Test Center (NOTS). He was also the Technical Director of the U.S. Naval Undersea Warfare Center in San Diego.  

McLean made some comments to John Newbauer, who at the time was the Editor-in-Chief of Astronautics and Aeronautics, stating that these plants and projects were already in development. (“A Bedrock View of Ocean Engineering,” Interview of William B. Mclean by A/A Editor-in-Chief John Newbauer, Astronautics and Aeronautics (April 1969): 30-36.)

This was in 1969, but keep in mind that the abstract above is from 1968, meaning that these constructions could have been  under development before, or shortly after this publication.

What Do These Facilities Look Like?

Walter Koerschner, who was an illustrator for the United States Navy’s Rock-site team during the 1960’s, contacted Richard Sauder, Ph.D, who has researched this topic extensively. This was at the time when the Navy had plans for technically complex and very large buried manned bases beneath the ocean floor.

His background is verified, documents like this, or a simple google search of Waters name along side “US Navy” or “US Navy Illustrator” would suffice.

He contacted Dr. Sauder to provide him with some of the original illustrations he had done for this project, and they are very telling.

Dr. Sauder, in his book Hidden In Plain Sight, provides these illustrations and goes into detailing regarding the science and engineering behind these projects. It is quite fascinating and I recommend you check him out if you are interested in learning more.

Here is an excerpt and picture from the book:

This ‘racetrack’ facility – also called the ‘Nautilus Concept’ – that can dock three submarines at a time, with an adjoining sister facility that also can handle multiple submarines. 

The picture is virtually self-explanatory. Large submarines are hundreds of feet long, so the dimensions of a facility such as shown here would have to be very large. The central docking area might be more than a thousand feet long and easily more than a hundred feet in diameter. The living quarters would obviously have to accommodate hundreds of crew members in some degree of creature comfort.

The book has many other illustrations from Koerschner, but unfortunately I cannot seem to find any more online.

It Doesn’t End With Area 51 

There are also known underground facilities in existence. Take for example the Swedish underground military facility at Musko.

It’s a large naval base built underneath a mountain. The hospital alone within this facility holds over 1,000 beds. Musko engineers blasted out 1,500,000 cubic meters of stone in order to build it

The world’s most prominent researcher on Underground Military Facilities (in my opinion), Richard Sauder, Ph.D, told of an interesting story in his book Hidden In Plain Sight that I’d like to share with you:

As it happens, after giving a public talk a couple of years ago, I was approached by a man who had been a uniformed member of the United States Navy. We chatted for a while and when he mentioned that he had spent some time at China Lake my ears perked up. 

I asked him if there was an underground facility at China Lake. He said that indeed there is, and that it is impressively large and deep. I asked him if he had ever been in it, and he said that he had, though not to the deepest levels. I asked him how deep the deepest part extended. 

He looked at me soberly and said very quietly, “It goes one mile deep.” 

I then asked him what the underground base contains. He replied, ‘Weapons.’ I responded, “What sort of weaponry?” 

And he answered without pausing, “Weapons more powerful than nuclear weapons.”

There are documents available which expose a deep underground command center that was to be built far below regions such as Washington, D.C. and China Lake, California during the Cold War. 

Documents show that in 1964 the military was considering building a huge underground cavity 4,000 feet deep beneath China Lake, and it’s well known that the United States and the Soviet Union created a vast infrastructure to support a complex of offensive and defensive weapons during the Cold War. 

This infrastructure included sites and facilities for developing, testing, storing, and manufacturing weapons. There was also a host of communication and command centres.

The very first TOP SECRET memo on the subject was issued by Robert McNamara on November 7th, 1963 from the office of the Secretary of Defense. A second memo was issued on the same day concerning a proposed Deep Underground National Command Center that would be approximately 3,500 feet beneath Washington. 

The memo also mentioned elevator shafts below the State Department and White House that would descend to 3,500 feet, with high speed, horizontal tunnel transport to the main facility. And this was way back in the 60’s. Imagine what technological feats we are capable of now.

By Arjun Walia, Collective Evolution | Reference: Sauder, Richard. Hidden In Plain Sight, Beyond the X-Files. Keyhole Publishing Company. March 2010.

{ http://humansarefree.com/ }

03-07-2016 om 21:47 geschreven door peter  

Customized Implants May Soon Be Made From Lab-Grown Bones

 

Sarindr Bhumiratana/Columbia Engineering

IN BRIEF

Scientists were able to grow living bones from pigs in the laboratory. Clinical trial will begin soon.

WORK OF ART

Scientists were able to grow and sculpt miniature pig bones to be used as replacement for missing anatomical structures. It was used to repair a pig’s lower jaw, one of the strongest and most complex bones in the face. This means that bone repairs may be done in the other parts of the body.

Bones differ in shape making it hard to find matching replacements from an injured patient’s own body. Titanium is sometimes used but such artificial replacements lack bone marrow, which performs important roles in the body. Patients can opt to receive donated bones but it is prone to tissue rejection. Also, harvesting bones from another part of the body may cause major damage and extreme pain. 

This made doctors hope for bones grown in the lab. Researchers focused on the ramus-condyle unit, the part where the mandible meets the skull near the ear, the part of the face that mainly bears weight. They experimented on Yucatán minipigs for they have similar jaw anatomy and mechanics to humans.

LET IT GROW

They first took portions of cow thigh bones and removed all of the cells then carved perfect fits for ramus-condyle units that were removed from the pigs. They then seeded these with stem cells from the receiver minipigs. The implants were then placed in a bioreactor where oxygen and nutrients were supplied. It took three weeks for the stem cells to develop into immature living bone.

 

Six months after implantation, the grafts incorporated themselves successfully into the pigs’ jaws without any problems. The pigs were able to use their jaws again. The clinical trial for the implants will be conducted through the company epiBone.

Source: Livescience

{ http://futurism.com/ }

03-07-2016 om 21:35 geschreven door peter  

MIT Confirms the Ozone Hole is Healing

 

Futurism M.A/NASA Goddard on YouTube

03-07-2016 om 21:30 geschreven door peter  

New Model of the Universe Predicts Hundreds of Annual Black Hole Mergers

 

NASA

03-07-2016 om 21:12 geschreven door peter  

Google Earth UFOs, Unknowns & Downright Strangeness Revealed! 7/2/16, Video, UFO Sighting News.

 

Date of video: July 2, 2016

Makers of video: SecureTeam10

 

Here is a great video that discusses loads of strange and exciting discoveries made over the years on Google Earth map. Remember the map is free to download on any computer, so its an awesome tool to search for things in places you never dreamed about going too. 

 

Stop by SecureTeam10 and give them a big thumbs up on this video. UFO researchers get so little encouragement, so every little bit really counts. Awesome video, and the anomalies and UFOs really give us a load to think about. 

 

Do remember, that I have made videos of over 10 UFO discoveries I made on Google Earth, most have been deleted within 6 months after publish the news about them.

Scott C. Waring

www.ufosightingsdaily.com 

Here is a video of the UFO at Cape of Good Hope, Africa On 2011, Sorry No Audio...but its my account, my video I personally made. It was deleted by Google within 3 months after I made the video. SCW

{ http://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

03-07-2016 om 19:29 geschreven door peter  

China Will Soon Contact Aliens, Almost Finished With The World Biggest Radio Telescope, July 2016, UFO Sighting News.

Location of radio telescope: China
News source: 

http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/07/china-puts-final-touches-world-largest-telescope-160703080236077.html

In America, and around the world radio telescopes are being used to see and hear possible signals of alien life from across the universe. However there is another use, one that you might not be aware of. A radio telescope can send a message through spaces at the speed of light across the universe. China now has what it needs to make direct contact with aliens, gain their technology, and make friends with a very powerful off world species. Now you know the true reason why China was in a rush to build this. 
Scott C. Waring
www.ufosightingsdaily.com

Aljazeera News States:
China has put the final piece of what is set to be the world's largest radio telescope in place, state media have reported. The "Five-hundred-metre Aperture Spherical Telescope", or FAST, is the size of 30 football fields and has been hewn out of a mountain in the southwestern province of Guizhou. "The project has the potential to search for more strange objects to better understand the origin of the universe and boost the global hunt for extraterrestrial life," Zheng Xiaonian, deputy head of the National Astronomical Observation under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, which built the telescope, said on Sunday. The $180m radio telescope would be a global leader for the next one to two decades, Xiaonian was quoted as saying by the official Xinhua news agency. A number of trials will follow the hoisting of the final piece on Sunday. The telescope, which took about five years to build, is expected to begin operations in September. China's space programme has been a priority, with President Xi Jinping calling for the country to establish itself as a space power. Beijing's ambitions include putting a man on the Moon by 2036 and building a space station - work on which has already begun. China insists its programme is for peaceful purposes, but the US defense department has highlighted Beijing's increasing space capabilities, saying it is pursuing activities aimed to prevent adversaries from using space-based assets in a crisis.

{ http://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

03-07-2016 om 19:26 geschreven door peter  

Russian Ufologist/Biologist Spotted Saucer Landed in 1980

Although the leaders of the former Soviet Union did not allow citizens to speak about UFOs, there have been significant UFO cases being surfaced since then it fell. It was during a 1980 expedition when people saw a bizarre disc that landed on a 90-meter-deep lake bottom. As one of Russia’s most notable specialists in the investigation of unidentified flying objects,Valery Dvuzhilny, is a biologist by occupation living in a town of Dalnegorsk 500 kilometers of Vladivostok.

He spent his life investigating the UFOs. In his large apartment. He even created an established that is laboratory equipped with old tools and 1,000 samples of materials, which can be found at the nearby sites. According to him, the space visitors use geological fissures to orientate themselves about the Earth before descending. Dalnegorsk County is believed to be an anomalous zone and is popular for its 14 cave. According to Dvuzhilny, a UFO was observed on January 29, 1986, in the Vysota-611 Mountain nearby Dalnegorsk. Burned fragments found therein revealed the silicon shales and rare-earth metal lanthanum discharging magnetic radiation. Pavel Reshetnikov, the head of the anti-aircraft forces was invited to the conference, in which he participated in 1995, but was prohibited from leaving the country due to his military status. Later on, he confirmed that a mysterious object tracked over the Amur River by the radar in the early 1990s. According to Reshetnikov, it could not be readily identified by the naked eye as either a plane or a missile.

The sample found at the site became subject to numerous scientific tests, which includes isotope analysis. The samples found 50 kilometers away were burned at a temperature beyond 2,000 degrees C. According to Dvuzhilny, comprehensive analysis of the burned metal pieces were influenced by the extraterrestrials. Despite modest laboratory tools, he still lacks funds to complete his scientific activities. However, he is not giving up, in fact, Dvuzhilny is currently preparing an expedition to the Amgu territory.

{ http://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

03-07-2016 om 19:14 geschreven door peter  

Mistaken Identity: Ceres' Mysterious Bright Spots Aren't Epsom Salt After All

It's a case of mistaken identity: The mysterious bright spots on the surface of the dwarf planet Ceres were thought to be composed of hydrated magnesium sulfate (similar to the magnesium sulfate sold as Epsom salt), but new work reveals a different chemical signature in these bright dots, cooked up in watery conditions beneath its crust.

And the revelations don't end there: Another research paper, also published today (June 29), suggests that Ceres' deep craters and jagged mountain mean the crust is mostly rock, rather than mostly ice as previously proposed.

The dwarf planet, orbiting in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, seems to bridge the gap between smaller asteroids, rocky planets like Earth and Mars, and the big icy bodies farther out, like the moons of Saturn — its shell is more rocky than icy, but it hosts unexpected chemistry that bears a resemblance to the reactions that develop on Earth, and salts that form in the ultracold conditions of the far solar system. It also hosts the most concentrated surface deposit of the substance sodium carbonate ever seen beyond Earth. [Photos: Dwarf Planet Ceres, the Solar System's Largest Asteroid]

Ceres resides in the asteroid belt, but it dwarfs the other asteroids there at 590 miles (950 kilometers) wide and is an even sphere; it even takes up an estimated third of all the asteroid belt's mass, researchers said. Reserachers believe it could be a planetary embryo — a protoplanet that would have eventually turned into a planet like Earth or Mars under different circumstances. It is the only dwarf planet found closer in than the Kuiper belt, on the solar system's outer edges with Pluto.

The bottom of Ceres' Occator crater shines with bright, reflective patches — the brightest region among those that puzzled and intrigued scientists as the Dawn spacecraft first approached Ceres and then entered orbit in 2015 (after orbiting another asteroid, Vesta, in 2011 and 2012). Eventually 130 bright patches were found on the dwarf planet's dark surface, mostly associated with craters. While researchers first suspected the bright spots might be ice, a closer look revealed they weren't quite that reflective and that they could be composed of salts instead. But the particular salt revealed in this study, published in Nature, by Dawn's Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer would have formed in a process involving liquid water.

"That was something we had not expected," Chris Russell, Dawn's principal investigator and planetary scientist at University of California, Los Angeles, told Space.com. "The carbonates are a very strong indication of the processes now that we believe took place in the interior, that makes it more Earthlike, when it can alter the chemistry inside."

"It's not something that's just lying around out there in space," he added.

Craters like Occator gave the lead author of the Nature Geoscience paper, Michael Bland, something to ponder as well. He calculated that if Ceres' subsurface was more than a certain percentage of ice, it would have a much more "relaxed" appearance, created as the ice warmed over time, instead of the harsh topography actually seen. Rather than a thick layer that's mostly made of ice, the researchers found, the dwarf planet's subsurface must be only 30-40 percent ice, mixed in with rock and a lower-density material, maybe hydrated salts.

An active world

The composition of the salts found in the crater's bright spots suggests that they formed with the help of liquid water, which would freeze in its pure form but could persist when mixed with salts, which slightly lowers its freezing point. (Water mixed with a different salt is proposed to flow on the surface of Mars.) On Ceres, that water would have emerged from deeper within the dwarf planet, where it could be warmer, or melted at the site of the impact that produced the Occator crater.

"The composition that we found implied that liquid water was present sometime in the recent past of Ceres in the subsurface," Maria Cristina De Sanctis, lead author on the Nature paper and researcher at the Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology at the National Institute for Astrophysics in Rome, told Space.com. And the particular salt formed is sodium carbonate, a salt formed from carbon that, on Earth, usually forms as water evaporates from a body of water like a lake or in hot springs. The compounds have been detected off of Earth only in the plumes of material that burst out of Saturn's icy moon Enceladus (they also found ammonia-bearing salts in the mix, also found on Enceladus).

"In the case of Ceres, we have a lot of carbonates — really a huge amount," De Sanctis said. "We did not expect to have such a huge amount of carbonates."

By analyzing the composition of the salts that spot the dwarf planet's surface, De Sanctis said, researchers can learn more about the conditions inside the planet. And a big question is whether liquid water persists below the planet's thick, rocky surface, or whether it was merely present or generated when the crater formed, around 80 million years ago. (Even though the surface layers are not mostly icy, they would have had enough to let the reaction work.)

Strange Ceres

Moving outward in the solar system, objects become colder and wetter, made more of ice than of rock. Ceres is rocky, but the composition of the salts, including ammonia-bearing salts which require super cold conditions to form, has more in common with those outer solar system bodies.

That's a "strange connection" with the outer solar system, Mikhail Zolotov, a researcher at Arizona State University and author of a News & Views article on the new works, which appears in Nature Geoscience, told Space.com.

"The chemistry is unusual, and it's key to understand how the body was formed and how it was evolved," he said.

It raises the question, Zolotov and Russell both said, of whether the material that eventually formed Ceres might have migrated inward from the outer solar system at some point, or whether Ceres formed where it currently orbits.

The story of Ceres' water is far from complete, as well — Russell mentioned that other papers from the Dawn team are in the works that describe how researchers can investigate water on the dwarf planet's surface. "Expect the water story to continue for some period of time, because there's a lot of different ways we can explore water."

Going forward, the researchers said, they will have to check the composition of other bright spots on Ceres to see if the chemical process they've observed is restricted to certain regions or if it's more global. But regardless, the asteroid belt outcast continues to prove a complex, active world.

"The IAU [International Astronomical Union] has defined what a planet is in a particular way," Russell said, "but I think of a planet more as a body which, when it's big enough and has enough activity … is now making things, producing things in its interior that are not just sitting there for the eons but in fact that the body evolves with time inside."

The work in Nature about the bright spots' composition can be found here, and the work in Nature Geoscience about the subsurface composition can be found here.

Email Sarah Lewin at slewin@space.com or follow her @SarahExplains. Follow us @Spacedotcom, Facebook and Google+. Original article on Space.com.

EDITOR'S RECOMMENDATIONS

• Dwarf Planet Ceres: Biggest in the Asteroid Belt (Infographic)
• How NASA's Dawn Asteroid Mission Works (Infographic)
• Dwarf Planets of Our Solar System (Infographic)

{ http://www.space.com/ }

03-07-2016 om 01:16 geschreven door peter  

{ http://nationalufocenter.com/  }

03-07-2016 om 01:00 geschreven door peter  

Filer’s Files #27 -2016 Ancient Aliens are Here - PART II

03-07-2016 om 00:44 geschreven door peter  

Meteorite Minerals Reveal Unexpected Collisions in the Early Solar System

In the very early solar system, newly formed massive planets like Jupiter and Saturn stirred up trouble in their cosmic neighborhood, causing smaller bodies to collide with each other, new research shows.

In the disk of material surrounding the very newly formed sun — a swirling cloud of dense gas and dust that eventually gave birth to Earth and the other planets — rocky bodies from the inner solar system experienced violent collisions with icy bodies from the outer solar system, according to new research paper published today (July 1) in the journal Science Advances. To reach each other, these clumps of matter would have traveled across billions of miles of space.

This discovery comes from a detailed analysis { of twosamples of what scientists call chondrite meteorites that fell to Earth from space. Chondrites are among the largest class of meteorites and some of the oldest solid materials found in the solar system. These particular chondrite meteorites have their own names — Vigarano and Kaba — to distinguish them from others that have been collected. [Asteroids May Not Be Planet Building Blocks After All]

Vigarano and Kaaba also contain chondrules — small, round, glassy pellets embedded in chondrites. Chondrules formed when molten droplets rapidly cooled in outer space, and they constitute up to 80 percent of primitive meteorites, according to Yves Marrocchi, a cosmochemist at the Centre of Petrographic and Geochemical Research (CRPG) in France and lead author of the new study.

Chondrules were a part of the protoplanetary disk, from which Earth and the other planets in our solar system formed. 

Prior research had suggested that magnetite — a primary mineral formed during chondrule formation — present in chondrules was the result of cold water circulation, according to Marrocchi. However, the new study found that the chondrules embedded in Vigarano and Kaba contain high-temperature magnetites.

"This implies that these chondrules were formed under oxygen-rich conditions during impacts between planetesimals," Marrocchi told Space.com.

The composition and shape of the minerals present in the primitive meteorites revealed to Marrocchi and his colleagues that Vigarano and Kaba formed at high temperatures, he said. Marrocchi explained that, in order for magnetites to form at a high temperature, the environment of the protoplanetary disk needed to be oxygen-rich, which only occurs when there are collisions between planetesimals.

"When you produce a collision between small planets, you will produce what we call a plume of gas, which is just the vapors resonating from the collision," Marrocchi said, adding that the magnetites are then formed from the gases released during the collisions.

The results shed new light on the conditions of the early solar system. The researchers found the composition of these magnetites can only be explained by invoking a collision between rocky planetesimals from the inner solar system and icy bodies from the outer solar system. Using astrophysical models, the researchers then concluded that there was a lot of scattering between the inner and outer parts of the solar system, due to the early formation of giant planets, Marrocchi said.

"This implies that chondrules are not primitive dust formed in the disk but, to the contrary, are byproducts of collisions between planetesimals in the early evolution of the solar system," Marrocchi said.

Next, the researchers hope to better understand the kinetics, composition of gas, and duration of such collisions. If high-temperature magnetites are, in fact, found in other types meteorites, it will indicate that these collisions are the main process that drives chondrule formation, Marrocchi said.

Follow Samantha Mathewson @Sam_Ashley13. Follow us@Spacedotcom, Facebook and Google+. Original article on Space.com.

EDITOR'S RECOMMENDATIONS

• Solar System's Mysterious Rock Origin Puzzle Revealed
• Rocky Planets May Have Formed from Tiny Particle Clusters
• New Theory on Formation of Solar System's First Stuff

{ http://www.space.com/ }

02-07-2016 om 23:39 geschreven door peter  

Biggest Mysteries of the Dwarf Planet Ceres

Embedded in the asteroid belt is a dwarf planet that features a 3-mile-high (5 kilometers) pyramid-shaped mountain and intriguing bright patches that scientists are still trying to understand.

This world's name is Ceres, and it is currently under scrutiny by NASA's Dawn spacecraft, which began orbiting the dwarf planet in March 2015.

The 590-mile-wide (950 km) Ceres remains mysterious more than two centuries after its 1801 discovery. For example: Where did it form? Are there other bodies out there like it? To get more insight, Space.com asked Dawn principal investigator Christopher Russell of UCLA for his thoughts on the biggest mysteries of Ceres. This slideshow includes the questions he asked. [See photos of the dwarf planet Ceres]

1. Why doesn't Ceres have a family of "ceroids" associated with it?

The protoplanet Vesta, another large body in the asteroid belt that Dawn examined from orbit, has a family of asteroids that orbit near it. These "vestoids" are believed to have been blasted out by a powerful impact long ago, which created a huge crater that was first spotted by the Hubble Space Telescope when Vesta passed close to Earth in 1996. In 2011, a new type of asteroid was identifiedthat apparently originated from Vesta's interior somehow. (The asteroid is called 1999 AT10).

Ceres, like Vesta, is a long-time inhabitant of the asteroid belt. It also has many craters on its surface. Why haven't scientists seen any "ceroids" associated with Ceres? Figuring out this answer could yield insight into the different formation histories of Vesta and Ceres, Russell said.

2. Why have we seen no meteorites from Ceres?

There's another thing that Vesta has that Ceres doesn't: meteorites that have fallen to Earth.

"Vesta informed us of herself by showering Earth with meteorites — the Howardites, Eucrites and Diogenites," Russell told Space.com. "Six percent of all the meteorites seen falling to Earth come from Vesta, but we know of none from Ceres."

The mysterious lack of Ceres meteorites makes it harder to learn about the internal composition of the dwarf planet, because this composition cannot be studied directly. Instead, Dawn must make inferences from orbital observations. Scientists can also gain insights through modeling Ceres' formation, and comparing the object to other bodies in the solar system.

3. Where is the water vapor on Ceres coming from?

In early 2014, scientists announced that they had spotted signs of water vapor on the dwarf planet. This  discovery — which was something of a surprise, because asteroids in the main belt are not known to spout plumes — came courtesy of Europe's Herschel space telescope, which did not see the water vapor every time it looked at Ceres.

At the time, scientists suggested that the water vapor occurs when parts of Ceres' icy surface get a little warmer, as the dwarf planet gets closer to the sun.  

In 2015, Dawn scientists observed a haze above Occator crater, suggesting that this feature could be an active source of water vapor on Ceres. But it's still unclear where the plume reported in 2014 came from.

4. Where did Ceres form?

Ceres' location in the asteroid belt is intriguing because the dwarf planet is so much bigger and rounder than its companions. Even the 330-mile-wide (530 km) Vesta is irregularly shaped. There also are elements on Ceres' surface that confused the Dawn science team when they began examining the dwarf planet up close. [See Ceres in Sharp Detail (Video)]

"When we first looked at the surface of Ceres, it was covered with ammoniated phyllosilicates," Russell told Space.com in an email. "But ammonia contains nitrogen, which is condensed in a very cold environment."

This observation raises intriguing questions about where Ceres formed, Russell said. For example, perhaps the dwarf planet coalesced in the cold, dark depths of the outer solar system and then migrated inward to its current position somehow.

Right now, Ceres orbits the sun at about 3 astronomical units (AU); 1 AU is the Earth-sun distance, about 93 million miles (150 million km).

"Was it ever this cold at 3 AU, where Ceres is now?" Russell added. "Or did Ceres come from far out in the solar system, where it is cold today?"

5. What is the true nature of those bright spots on Ceres?

The bright spots on Ceres made the dwarf planet famous even before Dawn entered orbit. The mystery of what these spots are — ice, salt or something else — even inspired an xkcd comic, which (spoiler alert) joked that perhaps it was evidence of a past visitor.

The massive public interest in the bright spots inspired NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California to create a poll allowing people to vote for their favored explanation —volcanoes, geysers, rocks, ice, salt deposits or other.

In December 2015, results released in the journal Nature gave a bit more insight into what the bright spots are. Dawn identified more than 130 bright areas that are mostly associated with impact craters. Inside these cratersappears to be a type of salt(magnesium sulfate) called hexahydrite. The theory is that the salt was unearthed when asteroids hit the surface. When the water ice in these craters sublimated into space, the salts were left behind.

But mysteries still abound concerning that theory. For example, Dawn scientists suggested at a March 2016 press conference that Occator Crater — where the biggest bright spots are — is apparently too old for the theoryto work. The thinking is that the salts should have been covered over in the 80 million years since Occator was formed. Dawn investigations continue in an attempt to resolve the findings.

Follow Elizabeth Howell @howellspace, or Space.com @Spacedotcom. We're also on Facebook and Google+. Original article on Space.com.

EDITOR'S RECOMMENDATIONS

• Bright Spots On Ceres Change Every Day | Video
• Dwarf Planet Ceres: Biggest in the Asteroid Belt (Infographic)
• Trippy Trip Over Colorful Dwarf Planet Ceres | Video

{ http://www.space.com/ }

02-07-2016 om 23:29 geschreven door peter  

Real-Life Holodeck? 'Star Trek' Tech Uses VR to Solve Global Problems

On the cult sci-fi TV show "Star Trek," crewmembers aboard the USS Enterprise could explore simulated environments or participate in interactive virtual experiences — anything from walking around lush forests to trying to solve a Sherlock Holmes-style mystery — as a way to mentally escape the confines of the starship or take a break from daily activities.

While the fictional Holodeck from the hit series was mainly used by the "Star Trek" characters for recreational purposes, could such an immersive virtual-reality (VR) environment help people tackle global problems like climate change or drug policy? Researchers at New York University (NYU) think so, and they are designing their own version of the technology to create a cyberlearning environment of the future.

Winslow Burleson, the project's leader and an associate professor focusing on educational technology at NYU, thinks a network of internet-connected Holodecks could allow people to crowdsource solutions to intractable societal problems. [Science Fact of Fiction? The Plausibility of 10 Sci-Fi Concepts]

The technology could enable people across the globe to create and participate in detailed simulations for research and collaborative learning, even allowing them to explore virtual scenarios to help find better ways of tackling communal challenges, he said.

"The future is moving from today's approach of trying to teach you who we think you should become, to a capacity for you to explore as a learner throughout your life who you are and who you want to be," Burleson told Live Science.

"I see that happening both at the individual level and at a societal level," he said. "If we can envisage the kinds of worlds that we want to explore and potentially live in, we can then use these Holodecks as collaborative sense-making tools to understand our interactions and impacts and use that to evolve our societies."

'Star Trek'-inspired tech

The NYU Experiential Super Computer, nicknamed the Holodeck, will combine VR technology and touch-based controls and feedback with computers that can simulate in real-time everything from environments to social situations, or even visualizations of scientific problems, the researchers said.

The system will be able to track users' movements and even their mental states via physiological cues like sweating or the pitch of their voices, Burleson said. This will help personalize their experiences, he added.

And as people use the Holodeck, they will be guided through their learning by robotic and virtual learning assistants, according to the researchers. The system will even feature 3D printing technology so that people can rapidly create physical prototypes of things they're working on, they said.

This kind of immersive virtual experience is now possible, thanks to the rapid advances currently being made in VR technology, largely fueled by the gaming industry. Burleson said his group has already made significant progress with several of the component technologies. [Beyond Gaming: 10 Other Fascinating Uses for Virtual-Reality Tech]

For example, the scientists have already demonstrated that HD camera arrays can capture the positioning of all users and physical objects in a prototype Holodeck and use this to position them in a virtual scene shown through VR goggles in real time. The NYU researchers have also created a 3D sound system that can record and recreate accurate simulations of acoustic spaces, Burleson said.

Members of the team have worked with NASA and the Exploratorium, the San Francisco-based cyberlearning museum, to design robotic and virtual assistants for both cyberlearning and remote planetary exploration.

The researchers have also partnered with a Boston-based startup called Humanyze, which creates high-tech badges packed with sensors that cantrack people's movement, social interactions and even speech dynamics.

Fact vs. fiction

But the researchers still have a ways to go before they can create a working prototype, Burleson said. They are currently focused on setting up an infrastructure that will enable them to combine these various parts into a coherent whole and make it easy for users to share information or even contribute to the project with new tools and features, he added.

"The work we're doing now is to fuse these components into one overarching architecture," Burleson said. "It's the difference between an individual knife for a specialized task and a Swiss army knife."

The use of virtual worlds to tackle real-world problems is already an active domain of research that even has its own peer-reviewed academic publication — the Journal of Virtual Worlds Research.

Games like "World of Warcraft" and "Second Life" have been used by researchers to investigate everything from  psychology to the governance of virtual universes. But the more complex and customizable virtual worlds that would be enabled by the Holodeck should make it possible to tackle larger and more complex problems, Burleson said.

"It enables a process of understanding how we want to live, what the trade-offs are, what the possibilities are, as individuals and as a society," he said. "That lets you make more informed decisions and more agile decisions."

Original article on Live Science.

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02-07-2016 om 23:04 geschreven door peter  

Ours is just another civilization to populate the planet

It is possible that, just as many other advanced civilizations in the past, ours is heading towards an imminent collapse? This is just one of the questions to which one NASA study tries to answer.

The study, sponsored in part by the Goddard Space Flight Centersuggests that our civilization, as we know, could come to an abrupt end in the coming decades due to a number of factors.

If we look back to 3000/5000 years, there is clearly shown how advanced and complex civilization were just as susceptible to collapse. This recurrent pattern has led researchers to question the future existence of the company and today’s civilization.

If we could look back even further, perhaps 10,000 years ago, perhaps we will have evidence of advanced civilizations that preceded the pre-Inca civilizations, Olmec and the Egyptian civilization to say nothing of other advanced civilizations in Mesopotamia.

It is hard to overlook the repeated similarities that scholars have identified in these civilizations and the study funded by NASA would have produced clear evidence of similar pathways that they would take ancient civilizations on earth. This is seen as a clear sign that civilization on Earth was reset many times.

Mesopotamian empires, Maya, the fall of the Empire are all witnesses of how fragile civilization are.

What brings a civilization to collapse?

The study came to the conclusion that there are two basic social characteristics that have contributed to the collapse of each individual advanced civilizations of the past

• Increased demand for resources
• Economic social differences in society

These two phenomena have played a central role in the collapse phase, at least the last few 5000 years.

Although our technologically advanced present (at least according to our canons), does not mean that we are exempt from a possible chaos. In the study we find that:

” Technological change can increase the efficiency of resource use, but it also tends to increase both the per capita consumption of resources that they extract of the scale, so that the effects of the effects of policies and an increased consumption, often compensate greater efficiency in the use of resources “

One of the greatest examples of ancient civilization advanced disappearance is found in Mesopotamia.

Let’s take a quick look at the Mayan people, ancient civilization with a very advanced knowledge, but we also find them different factors that played a crucial role in their disappearance. Many believe that the famine, deforestation and drought are the basis of the disappearance of the Maya people, factors which we also present in the disappearance of other civilizations in the world.

Motesharrei and his colleagues conclude that under conditions that closely reflects the reality of today. The collapse is difficult to avoid. Civilizations have come and gone, many more  than those we think we know, and which were probably even much more advanced than ours.

{ http://alien-ufo-sightings.com/ }

02-07-2016 om 22:42 geschreven door peter  

Neil deGrasse Tyson: “The aliens would see us as their pet”

American astrophysicist and popularizer Neil deGrasse Tyson believes that a sufficiently intelligent extraterrestrial civilization would have no interest in humans and whether they had a contact “would we like a chimpanzee, a baby or your pet.”

Neil deGrasse Tyson, who presented the new production of informative program Cosmos , made this statement during a talk with Jill Tarter, former director of the SETI Center for Search for Intelligent Life in the Universe Carl Sagan, the creator of that science series , he co – founded.

DeGrasse, who is an associate in the Department of Astrophysics at the American Museum of Natural History researcher, explained that, in relation to intelligence and despite wars, humanity “has improved and there is some hope in terms of natural evolution: look good in how we treat ourselves and how we could treat aliens. “

However, the researcher said, a sufficiently intelligent extraterrestrial civilization would have no interest in humans as “if you go down the street do not think about communicating with a microscopic worm”, so he quipped, “our greatest protection against aliens would not throw signs of intelligent life on Earth. “

When you think the closest genetically to humans (a genetic difference of 1 percent), the chimpanzee, continued Neil deGrasse, animal species realizes that the smartest thing you can do is to stack boxes, eat a banana and perhaps a rudimentary sign language, like a human baby makes two years.

Given the above, he continued, “how would we aliens?”. For perhaps they would see the most intelligent human “as the chimpanzee, your baby or your pet, and say that Stephen Hawking is a little smarter than the rest because it can make astrophysical calculations like his son just came from the nursery” .

Therefore, he continued DeGrasse, confident that if a contact with a civilization of superior intelligence what they do is “to create a zoo and get there and occasionally they throw little things, asteroids or foreign politicians like Trump” occurs.

Also, the discloser if “terraform” asked another planet Mars and send half the population, 4,000 million people, it would be realistic. Before this, he replied that “the effort to get there is greater than the need to do to change the course of a murderer asteroid”, which has more urgently “think protect ourselves.”

In this regard, Jill Tarter said that intelligence has evolved “so you do not devour: a trick of evolution and the relationship between prey and predator wherever there is life.”

The former director of the SETI program noted that this corner of the galaxy our solar system is very young and if the technology gets last a significant period of time the exercise of throwing the dart toward a sample of intelligent life “is more likely to hit the target “.

{ http://alien-ufo-sightings.com/ }

02-07-2016 om 22:34 geschreven door peter