Geen fotobeschrijving beschikbaar.

Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.

This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.

Carl Sagan Space GIF by Feliks Tomasz Konczakowski

X Files Ufo GIF by SeeRoswell.com

1990: Petit-Rechain, Belgium triangle UFO photograph - Think AboutIts

Ufo Pentagon GIF

ufo abduction GIF by Ski Mask The Slump God

Flying Sci-Fi GIF by Feliks Tomasz Konczakowski

Season 3 Ufo GIF by Paramount+

DEAR VISITOR,


MY BLOG EXISTS NEARLY 13 YEARS AND 4 MONTH.

ON /30/09/2024 MORE THAN 2.230.520

VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.

THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400 GUESTS PER DAY.

THANK YOU FOR VISITING  MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.


Goodbye
PETER2011

De bronafbeelding bekijken

De bronafbeelding bekijken

Beste bezoeker, bedankt voor uw bezoek.

Dear visitor, thank you for your visit.

Cher visiteur, je vous remercie de votre visite.

Liebe Besucher, vielen Dank für Ihren Besuch.

Estimado visitante, gracias por su visita.

Gentile visitatore, grazie per la vostra visita.

Inhoud blog
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    Beoordeel dit blog
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    The purpose of  this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and  free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category.
    Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
     

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    Rondvraag / Poll
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    Zoeken in blog

    Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.

    In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!

    In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.

    BEDANKT!!!

    Een interessant adres?
    UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
    UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld
    In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog. Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch... Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels. MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen. MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity... Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com. Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal. Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP. ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
    23-10-2017
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.ALIEN SENSATION: ‘UFOs are real… we may not be alone' says former senior US spook

    ALIEN SENSATION: ‘UFOs are real… we may not be alone' says former senior US spook

    A FORMER senior intelligence officer with the US Department of Defense has gone on record to claim UFOs are real and that he believes we may not be alone.

    Image result for alien humans

    Luis Elizondo says he believes the UFO phenomenon is real.

    Luis Elizondo says he has also worked with the US Army, the National Counter-intelligence Executive, and the Director of National Intelligence, and carried out highly sensitive espionage and terrorism investigations around the world. 

    He was unveiled as a key member of new organisation To The Stars Academy, put together by former Blink 182 frontman Tom DeLonge.

    Mr Elizondo revealed for the last decade, before retiring, he ran a "sensitive aerospace threat identification" programme focusing on "unidentified aerial technologies" UATs, another name for unidentified flying objects (UFOs).

    He said: "By far the most interesting effort I was involved with was the topic of advanced aerial threats. 

    "For nearly the last decade, I ran a sensitive aerospace threat identification program focusing on unidentified aerial technologies. 

    "It was in this position I learned that the phenomena is indeed real."

    He said the organisation would soon be releasing never before seen footage of UFOs taken from government recording equipment.

    He added: "We are also planning to provide never before released footage from real US government systems, not blurry amateur photos but real data and real videos."

    The expert also hinted that the project he worked on had brought in a wealth of understanding about UFOs.

    t was in this position I learned that the phenomena is indeed real.

    Luis Elizondo

    He said: "In the last 10 years, we’ve come a long way in our understanding of our place here in this universe. 

    "There are physics that we don’t quite yet understand, doesn’t mean that they’re not real, just simply means that we don’t have the capacity to understand those physics.

    "I think it’s in our nature to go out and explore and report back what we see."

    He then said something that could only leave people thinking he may believe in aliens.

    He said: "The fact is we may not necessarily be alone."

    Doubters of Mr Elizondo's credentials have already come forward in a forum on theparacast.com.

    However, Mr Elizondo appears to have personally responded to them.

    He replied: "The fact that there are things in this universe that are beyond our understanding is indeed real.

    "We have the physics and we have the scientific observations to prove the phenomena."

    http://www.express.co.uk/ }

    23-10-2017 om 19:33 geschreven door peter  

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Om geen mensen te raken laat NASA kapotte ruimteschepen neerstorten in Point Nemo in het midden van de oceaan - HLN.be

    Om geen mensen te raken laat NASA kapotte ruimteschepen neerstorten in Point Nemo in het midden van de oceaan  - HLN.be

    door: Arno Van Hauwermeiren 

    Bron: Business Insider; NASA

    Google Earth
     Point Nemo is het meest afgelegen deel op Aarde. De plek ligt midden in de oceaan op 2.685 kilometer van het dichtste stuk land en doet dienst als ruimteschipkerkhof. Honderden kapotte ruimtetuigen liggen er op de bodem.

    48 graden, 52.6 minuten zuiderbreedte en 123 graden, 23.6 minuten westerlengte, dat zijn de exacte coördinaten van Point Nemo (Nemo betekent ‘niemand’ in het Latijn). NASA noemt de plek in de Stille Oceaan een ‘ruimteschipkerkhof’. “Het is de plek die het verst ligt van elke vorm van beschaving op aarde”, klinkt het bij NASA. De ideale plaats dus om tonnen ruimteafval te storten.

    Point Nemo ligt op 2.685 kilometer van het dichtste stuk land.
    rv
    Point Nemo ligt op 2.685 kilometer van het dichtste stuk land.

    “Perfecte plek om te dumpen zonder iemand te raken”

    Omdat een stuk satelliet of een deel van een ruimtestation nooit op land mag terechtkomen, is Point Nemo de beste plek om al het ruimteafval te dumpen “Het is de perfecte plaats om dingen te dumpen zonder iemand te raken”, vertelt ruimte-ingenieur Bill Ailor. Omdat kleine satellieten meestal volledig verbranden in de dampkring, komen alleen maar kolossale brokstukken in Point Nemo terecht. Maar wanneer ingenieurs de controle verliezen over een ruimtetuig, dan valt niet te voorspellen waar het zal crashen.

    Point Nemo
    Volvo Ocean RacePoint Nemo

    Tiangong-1

    In 2011 stuurde China zijn eerste ruimtestation Tiangong-1 de ruimte in, een kolos van ongeveer 8,5 ton. Maar omdat China in maart 2016 de controle over het ruimtestation verloor, wordt verwacht dat het tuig begin volgend jaar zal crashen. Waar juist? Dat valt niet te voorspellen tot vijf dagen voor de crash, omdat China de controle over het station is verloren. Het lijkt dus weinig waarschijnlijk dat Tiangong-1 in Point Nemo zal terechtkomen. Over enkele maanden stort het ruimtetuig met bijna 300 kilometer per uur naar beneden.

    Tiangong-1
    CMSETiangong-1

    Astronauten in het Internationale Ruimteschip ISS bevinden zich het dichtst bij Point Nemo. ISS zweeft ongeveer 400 kilometer boven de Aarde, een pak dichter dan het dichtstbijzijnde stuk land. Tussen 1971 en 2016 dumpten ruimtevaartorganisaties al minstens 260 ruimtetuigen in de regio. En dat aantal groeit in sneltempo.

    Kans dat je geraakt wordt, is extreem klein

    Wanneer een groot object zoals de Tiangong-1 door de dampkring vliegt, dan zal het in verschillende stukken breken. Het station zal dus over een oppervlakte van verschillende kilometers neerstorten, wat de kans op slachtoffers doet groeien. Gelukkig is de kans dat je wordt geraakt door een stuk ruimteafval extreem klein. Er is slechts één geval bekend van een vrouw die op de schouder werd geraakt.

    4.000 satellieten

    Laten we ruimteafval niet beter in de ruimte zweven, zou je je kunnen afvragen. Blijkbaar niet, want ondertussen zweven al ongeveer 4.000 satellieten in een baan rond de Aarde. Voeg daarbij de ongecontroleerde projectielen en je komt al snel aan enkele tienduizenden objecten. De kans op botsingen wordt dus groter.

    Een computeranimatie van al het ruimteafval in een baan rond de aarde.
    Creative Commons
    Een computeranimatie van al het ruimteafval in een baan rond de aarde.

    Steeds meer ruimtevaartorganisaties brengen oude en kapotte tuigen uit hun baan om de aarde om ze te laten neerstorten. Point Nemo krijgt er binnenkort dus nog heel wat afval bij.

    https://www.hln.be/ }

    23-10-2017 om 18:27 geschreven door peter  

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Categorie:HLN.be - Het Laatste Nieuws ( NL)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Japanners ontdekken gigantische grot op de maan

    Japanners ontdekken gigantische grot op de maan - HLN.be

    Bron: Belga

    De tunnel van 100 meter breed en 50 kilometer lang werd gevonden onder de Mariusheuvels. De Japanse wetenschappers hebben de binnenkant van de grot nog niet kunnen waarnemen.
    AFPDe tunnel van 100 meter breed en 50 kilometer lang werd gevonden onder de Mariusheuvels. De Japanse wetenschappers hebben de binnenkant van de grot nog niet kunnen waarnemen.
     Wetenschappers van het Japanse ruimtevaartbureau Jaxa hebben op de maan een gigantische grot ontdekt die op een dag mogelijk kan dienen voor een maanbasis.

    Data van de Japanse Maanverkenner SELENE bevestigden het bestaan van de grot, die een 3,5 miljard jaar oude tunnel voor vulkanische lava kan zijn geweest. Hij is 100 meter breed en 50 km lang.
    ”Wij dachten dat er dergelijke plaatsen bestonden (...), maar tot nu toe was dit nog niet bevestigd”, zei Jaxa-vorser Junichi Haruyama aan het Franse persbureau AFP.

    De immense tunnel onder de zone van de Mariusheuvels kan astronauten beschermen tegen de enorme temperatuurschommelingen en gevaarlijke straling die zij op het oppervlak van onze natuurlijke satelliet kunnen ondervinden, legt Haruyama uit. “Wij hebben de binnenkant zelf van de grot nog niet gezien. Maar je kan er veel op verwedden dat de exploratie ervan meer details zal opleveren.”

    In juni maakte Tokio bekend tegen 2030 een astronaut naar de maan te sturen. Dat wordt een première voor Japan want zijn astronauten vlogen tot nu toe enkel naar en met het Russische ruimtestation Mir en het Internationaal Ruimtestation.

    https://www.hln.be/ }

    23-10-2017 om 18:12 geschreven door peter  

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Categorie:HLN.be - Het Laatste Nieuws ( NL)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Von Däniken: „Die Aliens kommen wieder und helfen uns auf den Sprung“ – EXKLUSIV

    Image result for Von Däniken: „Die Aliens kommen wieder und helfen uns auf den Sprung“ – EXKLUSIV

    Von Däniken: „Die Aliens kommen wieder und helfen uns auf den Sprung“ – EXKLUSIV

    Der Schweizer Erich von Däniken befasst sich seit Jahrzehnten mit der Menschheitsgeschichte. Er hat Bücher mit Millionenauflagen geschrieben und ist überzeugt: „Außerirdische haben uns besucht.“ Der „Prä-Astronautik“-Experte berichtet von Geheimdiensten und Alien-Implantaten, sagt aber: Sie kommen in friedlicher Absicht. Das Gespräch in Auszügen:

    Herr von Däniken, Sie haben fast alle Länder dieser Welt besucht, Grabstätten und anderes Mysteriöses entdeckt und erlebt. Was ist die Quintessenz ihrer jahrzehntelangen Forschung?

    Die Quintessenz ist die alte: Vor vielen, vielen Jahrtausenden ist unsere Erde mal von Außerirdischen besucht worden. Unsere Vorfahren waren damals Steinzeitleute, die begriffen überhaupt nicht, was sich abspielte. Sie meinten irrtümlicherweise, diese Außerirdischen seien „Götter“. Aber es gibt keine Götter und das wussten unsere Vorfahren nicht. Die sogenannten „Götter“ verhielten sich ganz ähnlich, wie sich heute Ethnologen benehmen würden: Sie haben ein paar Stämme studiert, ein paar Sprachen gelernt, ein paar Ratschläge gegeben. Irgendwann haben sie sich verabschiedet, mit dem Versprechen, in einer fernen Zukunft wiederzukehren. Dieses Wiederkunftsversprechen ist eingewandert in alle Kulturen und alle Religionen bis auf den heutigen Tag.

    Wann kommen die „Götter“ wieder? Und: Was macht Sie denn so sicher, dass es früher wirklich außerirdischen Alien-Einfluss auf unseren Planeten, auf unsere früheren Hochkulturen gab?

    Wann sie wiederkommen, weiß letztendlich niemand. Es ist nicht mal auszuschließen, dass sie schon da sind, aber das ist ein anderes Thema.

    Wie kann man den Unterschied finden zwischen Naturreligion und den angeblichen Fremden? Die Fremden haben Informationen gegeben: Und zwar wissenschaftliche Informationen, welche unsere steinzeitlichen Leute nicht wissen konnten. Ein Beispiel: Da gibt es dieses „Buch Henoch“. Henoch ist in der Bibel der siebte Patriarch nach der Flut. Er wird von den Fremden hochgenommen, in den angeblichen Himmel – das ist die religiöse Betrachtung. Meiner Meinung nach wird er hinaufgenommen in ein Raumschiff. Er lernt die Sprache der Fremden, dann wird er unterwiesen. Und dann sagt der (außerirdische) Astronom zu ihm: „Menschensohn, schau mal raus. Siehst du das kleine Licht dort draußen? Ihr Menschen sagt Mond dazu. Der Mond hat gar kein eigenes Licht.“ Und dann erklärt er ihm die Mondphasen, warum es Voll- und Halbmond gibt. Das ist eine wissenschaftliche Information. Die hat nichts mit Naturreligion zu tun. Das ist der Unterschied. Es ist Information geflossen.

    Kritiker Ihrer Arbeit sagen immer wieder: Vieles sei an den Haaren herbeigezogen und hineininterpretiert. Manche behaupten, dass „Götter“, die vom Himmel hinabsteigen, nur dem kollektiven Unterbewussten entspringen würden. Welche Beweise und welche Indizien haben Sie für Ihre Thesen?

    Ich liebe die Kritiker. Es ist wunderbar zu diskutieren. Denn in meinem Fachbereich weiß ich in Gottes Namen mehr als meine Kritiker. Was ich ihnen nicht vorwerfe. Ich weiß auch nicht viel von anderen Fachbereichen. Nun, es gibt einfach eindeutige Indizien, die man hat. Aber es bleibt die Frage der Interpretation.

    Sie erzählen in Interviewsoft auch viel Hintergründige: Viele Ihrer Kollegen aus der klassischen Archäologie, also der Mainstream-Wissenschaft, würden Ihnen immer wieder hinter vorgehaltener Hand Dinge verraten, die sie öffentlich niemals sagen könnten. Können Sie da vielleicht mal aus dem Nähkästchen plaudern und ein Beispiel verraten?

    Man kann die Namen nicht sagen, wenn man eine Abmachung mit Handschlag gemacht hat. Da halte ich mich dran. Aber so viel: Ich habe in einem meiner Bücher über die Maya geschrieben. Die Mayas hatten zwei Kalender gehabt: Den normalen, irdischen Kalender mit rund 365 Tagen, mit Schaltstunden und Schaltjahren. Sie hatten noch einen zweiten Kalender, den sogenannten Götter-Kalender, der hatte 260 Tage. Dieser Kalender passt hinten und vorne nirgendwo in unsere Welt. Mit 260 Tagen können wir nichts anfangen, angesichts unserer Jahreszeiten.

    Jetzt kam ein Professor von der Universität Bonn, ein Kenner der Maya-Welt, zu mir und sagte: „Herr von Däniken, diesen Kalender können Sie ganz leicht erklären. Zwischen Mars und Jupiter liegt der Asteroidengürtel. Das sind heute tausende von Gesteinsbrocken, kleine und größere. Wenn dort mal ein Planet gewesen wäre, hätte er eine Umlaufbahn von 260 Tagen gehabt.“ Ich sagte: „Danke, Herr Professor, ich nehm’s gern auf.“ Aber er wollte unter keinen Umständen, dass ich ein Wort von ihm sage, dass die Idee dazu von ihm kam.

    Warum ist Ihre Arbeit, laut Ihren eigenen Aussagen, immer wieder auch von Interesse für staatliche Geheimdienste? Wollen Sie dazu etwas sagen?

    Es gibt tatsächlich heute Leute, die behaupten, sie seien von Außerirdischen entführt worden. Ich persönlich habe darüber immer nur gelacht. Ich dachte: Das ist alles psychoanalytisch erklärbar. Die haben alle einen Knall. Und dann kam ich mit Prof. Dr. Dr. John Mack  zusammen. Der ist Pulitzer-Preisträger in den USA, ist Professor an der Elite-Hochschule Harvard. Wir haben uns zwei, drei Abende unter vier Augen unterhalten. Er sagte mir: „Herr von Däniken, ich hasse es, beobachtet zu werden, aber es geht nicht mehr anders.“ Ich sage: Wieso denn? Ist doch alles Quatsch mit diesen Entführungen. Er erwiderte: „In bestimmten Fällen nicht. Weil wir Implantate gefunden haben.“

    Es gibt tatsächlich Menschen mit Implantaten. Natürlich dann die Frage: Was soll denn das sein? Hat man es analysiert? Natürlich hat man es analysiert. Chemisch, physikalisch – aber wir werden nicht schlau, was es sein soll. Das sind so Dinge. Und dann kommen tatsächlich Menschen, die behaupten, sie seien vom Staat und fragen: „Herr von Däniken, können Sie uns Namen liefern? Mit wem haben Sie gesprochen?“ Was ich dann immer nicht mache. Ich muss zuerst den Gegenpart fragen, ob sie einverstanden seien. Sonst wird halt geschwiegen.

    Und die Geheimdienstmitarbeiter lassen Sie dann in Ruhe?

    Ja. Es gibt offenbar Gespräche mit UFO-Entführten. Sie werden analysiert und in Tomographie geschoben. Der Staat will wissen: Ist da irgendeine potenzielle Bedrohung für die Menschheit? Oder ist das alles nur Spinnerei? Darum geht’s dann. Ich habe die Antwort nicht. Ich persönlich habe bis heute immer noch kein UFO gesehen, mich noch mit keinem Außerirdischen unterhalten.  Nur: Es gibt tatsächlich Menschen mit außerirdischen Implantaten.

    Es gibt die sagenumwobenen untergegangenen Kontinente Atlantis und Lemurien. Haben Sie im Laufe Ihrer jahrelangen Forschung Hinweise auf noch ältere Hochkulturen gefunden?

    Nein. Die Geschichte von Lemurien ist eine uralte Story. Und davon ist eigentlich nichts bewiesen. Es gibt zwar in den USA einen Indio-Stamm, das sind die Hopi. Sie behaupten, ihre Ur-Ur-Ur-Vorfahren hätten irgendwann im pazifischen Raum gelebt und dann seien die Inseln überschwemmt worden und sie hätten fliehen müssen und seien dann nach Südamerika gegangen, ins heutige Chile. Von dort seien sie dann hochgewandert, in die heutigen USA.

    Atlantis ist eine Geschichte, die taucht zum ersten Mal bei Platon auf, dem griechischen Philosoph. Platon hatte in seinen zwei Büchern „Kritias“ und „Timaios“ intensive Diskussionen über Atlantis beschrieben.

    Und der Mann, der in der Männerrunde über Atlantis berichtete, der hatte sich berufen auf einen Augenzeugen, der damals in Ägypten war. Die ganze Geschichte von Atlantis sei auf einer Säule eingeschrieben gewesen und er hätte sie auswendig gelernt. Und die Platon-Geschichte zu Atlantis ist eigentlich sehr, sehr einleuchtend. Weil er gibt genaue Maßangaben an: Wie breit ist die Hafenmole? Wieviel Schiffe? Wie war die Bedeckung der Häuser? Ich halte Atlantis für durchaus möglich. Wenn es tatsächlich so war, war Atlantis von Poseidon gegründet. Poseidon war wieder einer der Götter-Söhne, damit wieder einer der Außerirdischen. Das halte ich für durchaus plausibel.

    Wenn die „Götter“ wiederkommen, werden die Aliens uns mit feindseligen Absichten besuchen?

    Nein, überhaupt nicht. Es wird so etwas wie einen Evolutionssprung geben, von außen. Wir haben eine Evolution, wir sind Produkte der Evolution – aber nicht nur. Die Erde war nie ein geschlossenes System. Es gab zu allen Zeiten Eingriffe von außen. Die Kritiker sagen: „Das ist doch ein Blödsinn. Wie soll man sich das vorstellen?“ Wir Menschen haben in der Vergangenheit zum Beispiel einen Kirschbaum veredelt. Wir haben ganz einfach gepfropft, dazu muss man nichts wissen von Genetik. Und dennoch entstand eine bessere Kirsche. Etwas Ähnliches ist in der Vergangenheit passiert, zumindest den alten Texten nach.

    Alexander Boos

    Das komplette Interview mit Erich von Däniken zum Nachhören:

    https://de.sputniknews.com/ }

    23-10-2017 om 18:02 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.De aliens komen weer terug. Schrijver onthult in interview waartoe dit zal leiden
    De aliens komen weer terug. Schrijver onthult in interview waartoe dit zal leiden

    De aliens komen weer terug. Schrijver onthult in interview waartoe dit zal leiden

    De aarde wordt al vele duizenden jaren door aliens bezocht. Omdat mensen vroeger geen idee hadden wat het waren, noemden ze deze wezens ook wel goden. Dat zegt de Zwitserse schrijver Erich von Däniken in gesprek met Sputnik Deutschland.

    Het staat volgens hem vast dat deze aliens zullen terugkomen, alleen weet niemand precies wanneer. Wanneer dit gebeurt zullen we een evolutiesprong gaan maken, aldus de schrijver.

    Hij merkt op dat in oude geschriften, zoals het boek van Henoch, al wordt gesproken over ruimteschepen en aliens.

    Godenkalender

    In één van zijn boeken heeft Von Däniken geschreven over de Maya’s. Die hadden twee kalenders: een normale aardse kalender met 365 dagen en een ‘godenkalender’ met 260 dagen.

    “Die laatste kalender paste nergens in onze wereld,” vertelt Von Däniken. “Met 260 dagen konden we niets beginnen.”

    Toen zei een professor van de Universiteit van Bonn, een Maya-kenner, tegen mij: “Meneer Von Däniken, deze kalender is gemakkelijk te verklaren.”

    Asteroïdengordel

    “Tussen Mars en Jupiter bevindt zich de asteroïdengordel, die bestaat uit duizenden kleine en grotere stukken steen,” vervolgde hij.

    “Als daar een planeet had gestaan, zou die in 260 dagen om de zon draaien,” aldus de professor, die met klem zei dat hij anoniem wilde blijven.

    Von Däniken moest altijd lachen om mensen die zeiden dat ze door aliens ontvoerd waren. Tot hij professor dr. John Mack van de Harvard-universiteit tegenkwam.

    Implantaten

    “Dat is toch allemaal onzin, die verhalen over die ontvoeringen?” vroeg Von Däniken aan hem.

    “In bepaalde gevallen niet,” antwoordde de Pulitzerprijswinnaar. “We hebben namelijk implantaten gevonden.”

    [Sputniknews

    23-10-2017 om 17:48 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:NineForNews. nl ( new ipv NIBURU.nl) (NL)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.GETUIGEN MELDEN LANDING UFO BIJ SAN PAULO IN BRAZILIË ( VIDEO )

    GETUIGEN MELDEN LANDING UFO BIJ SAN PAULO IN BRAZILIË ( VIDEO )

    Er hebben zich onlangs spannende taferelen afgespeeld in de buurt van de Braziliaanse stad Sao Paulo. 

    In een deel van de stad Peruibe viel de stroom uit en zagen bewoners een UFO landen op een veld in hun wijk. 


    Wanneer er tastbare gevolgen zijn en meerdere mensen vertellen hetzelfde, dan kan dat als een aardig betrouwbaar verhaal worden beschouwd over een vreemde gebeurtenis.

    Het voorval vond al op 7 oktober plaats, maar de autoriteiten kwamen pas op 19 oktober met een verklaring omtrent het gebeurde, omdat men eerst ter plekke onderzoek wilde doen, voordat alle sporen door nieuwsgierige kijkers zouden zijn uitgewist.

    Het stadje Peruibe telt ongeveer 60.000 inwoners en ligt aan de kust, niet ver van Sao Paulo.

    xxx

    Het voorval vond plaats tegen zonsopkomst toen verschillende mensen in de buurt vreemde lichten zagen en ook tegelijkertijd de stroom uitviel.

    Ook werden er lichten waargenomen die als het ware in de richting van de huizen schenen en één echtpaar meldde dat het leek alsof het licht recht op hun huis af kwam.

    Omdat het nog donker was, was er verder weinig meer te zien, maar bij daglicht was de plek waar de UFO zou zijn geland heel duidelijk waar te nemen op een begroeid veld.

    xxx


    xxx

    Volgens onderzoeker Saga Susseliton Souza is het zeker dat de sporen op het veld niet gemaakt zijn door iets menselijks. Het was absoluut een UFO die dit heeft veroorzaakt, omdat de begroeiing nergens is gebroken, maar alleen gebogen.

    De UFO kwam volgens hem naar beneden in cirkelvormige bewegingen en liet sporen na die enigszins te vergelijken zijn met die van een graancirkel.

    xxx

    Onderzoeker Souza claimt 35 jaar ervaring te hebben in onderzoek naar UFO's en zegt dat de autoriteiten terecht het gebied onmiddellijk hebben afgezet. Anderen spreken alweer van een UFO doofpot, omdat het zolang heeft geduurd voordat deze gebeurtenis bekend werd gemaakt.

    De bewoners van het huis dat zich het dichtst bij de landingsplek bevond van ongeveer dertien meter lengte, meldden dat ze zich in de dagen daarna niet lekker en vooral misselijk voelden.

    Wij hebben gezocht via Google in dat gebied met de beschikbare gegevens "Rua 19, in the Balneário São João Batista 3 neighborhood", waarbij dan het volgende plaatje naar voren komt.

    Daarop is het originele veld te zien zoals het er uitzag voordat er een UFO landde en in dat opzicht klopt het verhaal wel, want het veld ziet er inderdaad anders uit.

    xxx

    Peruiba mag met recht een UFO hotspot worden genoemd, want alleen al op de website Ufo Hunters zijn sinds 1998 zo'n 79 waarnemingen in en rond deze stad.

    Met zoveel waarnemingen is het niet zo vreemd dat er ondertussen jaarlijks een UFO conferentie plaatsvindt en maakt het plaatsje ook steeds meer gebruik van de reputatie die het begint te krijgen als UFO hotspot om toeristen te trekken.

    xxx

    http://niburu.co/ }

    23-10-2017 om 17:38 geschreven door peter  

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Categorie:NineForNews. nl ( new ipv NIBURU.nl) (NL)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Targeted Individuals – Are you one of them?

    Targeted Individuals – Are you one of them?

    Recently, thousands of people around the world are claiming to be having the exact same terrifying experience.


    They all report the same symptoms: hearing operator voices in their heads, suffering from ‘electronic torture’ and being subject to organized stalking - they call themselves ‘Targeted Individuals’.

    A number have attempted many things to relieve their pain - from living life on the run to surgically removing their own flesh because they believe it’s implanted with microchips.

    VICE follows a growing community who say they are being targeted as part of a government program that is harassing and controlling them using hidden technology.
     

    http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

    23-10-2017 om 17:21 geschreven door peter  

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Categorie:LATEST ( UFO ) VIDEO NEWS ( ENG)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Bizarre Blue 'Flashes and Glows' May Reveal Thunderstorm Secrets

    Bizarre Blue 'Flashes and Glows' May Reveal Thunderstorm Secrets

    23-10-2017 om 00:14 geschreven door peter  

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Categorie:ASTRONOMIE / RUIMTEVAART
    22-10-2017
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Printed Solar Tiles Are Thinner, Cheaper, and Easier to Use

    Printed Solar Tiles Are Thinner, Cheaper, and Easier to Use

     Image result for Printed Solar Tiles Are Thinner, Cheaper, and Easier to Use
    IN BRIEF
    Researchers from the University of Newcastle in Australia have found a way to print solar tiles. This method is cheaper and faster than traditional methods and could potentially be a game changer in the renewable energy industry.

    SOLAR’S THE WAY TO GO

    Solar panels have become increasingly inexpensive in the past months. However, while a number of large-scale energy producers are shifting towards solar power, there is still a lack of homes that have adopted the technology. In Australia, a place bathed in seemingly constant direct sunlight, price is still a major stumbling block for homeowners considering switching to solar. Things may be about to change, however, thanks to a new variety of solar tile developed by researchers from the University of Newcastle (UON).

    Image credit: University of Newcastle
    Image Credit: University of Newcastle

    Instead of the photovoltaics (PVs) that traditional panels use, UON’s Paul Dastoor and his team are testing printable solar tiles. “It’s completely different from a traditional solar cell. They tend to be large, heavy, encased in glass — tens of millimeters thick,” Dastoor told Mashable. “We’re printing them on plastic film that’s less than 0.1 of a millimeter thick.”

    Currently, UON is one of only three sites that are testing printed solar. “We’ve put in the first 100 square metres of printed solar cells up on roofs, and now we’re testing that durability in real weather conditions,” Dastoor said. As soon as the performance and durability of these tiles are confirmed, it could easily go into market production.

    CHEAP AND FAST

    Dastoor and his team are excited about the potential these printed tiles have in influencing the wide-scale adoption of PVs, especially for homes. “The low-cost and speed at which this technology can be deployed is exciting, particularly in the current Australian energy context where we need to find solutions, and quickly, to reduce demand on base-load power,” he explained in UON feature article.

    Just for reference, Tesla’s solar tiles — which Elon Musk promised to be cheaper than regular roofs — are priced at around US $235 per tile. Meanwhile, Dastoor’s printed solars can be sold at less than US$ 7.42 per tile, which is comparatively very cheap, “[W]e expect in a short period of time the energy we generate will be cheaper than that generated via coal-based fire stations,” Dastoor explained.

    Of course, whether tiles are printed or created with traditional PVs, solar energy is currently a major leading renewable energy source. And, solar power is not only incredibly environmentally friendly — producing energy without harmful byproducts that contribute to climate change —  it can also generate more energythan fossil fuels.

    https://futurism.com/ }

    22-10-2017 om 23:59 geschreven door peter  

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Categorie:SF-snufjes }, Robotics and A.I. Artificiel Intelligence ( E, F en NL )
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Neutron star collision showers the universe with a wealth of discoveries

    Neutron star collision showers the universe with a wealth of discoveries

    Detection of gravitational waves from smashup helps reveal where heavy elements are created

    BY 
     
    illustration of neutron star collision

    BRIGHT BURST  After two neutron stars slammed together, scientists detected gravitational waves, a burst of gamma rays and a glow from ejected material, shown in this artist’s conception.

    NSF, LIGO, A. SIMONNET/SONOMA STATE UNIV.

    WASHINGTON — Two ultradense cores of dead stars have produced a long-awaited cosmic collision, showering scientists with riches.

    The event was the first direct sighting of a smashup of neutron stars, which are formed when aging stars explode and leave behind a neutron-rich remnant. In the wake of the collision, the churning residue forged gold, silver, platinum and a smattering of other heavy elements such as uranium, researchers reported October 16 at a news conference in Washington, D.C. Such elements’ birthplaces were previously unknown, but their origins were revealed by the cataclysm’s afterglow.

    “It really is the last missing piece” of the periodic table, says Anna Frebel, an astronomer at MIT who was not involved in the research. “This is heaven for anyone working in the field.” After the collision, about 10 times the Earth’s mass in gold was spewed out into space, some scientists calculated.

    Using data gathered by about 70 different observatories, astronomers characterized the event in exquisite detail, releasing a slew of papers describing the results. A tremor of gravitational waves, spotted by the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, LIGO, on August 17, provided the first sign of the cataclysm.

    Light types

    wavelengths of light detected from neutron star merger
    ROBERT HURT/IPAC/CALTECH, MANSI KASLIWAL AND GREGG HALLINAN/CALTECH, PHIL EVANS/NASA AND THE GROWTH COLLABORATION

    Telescopes picked up the afterglow of two converging neutron stars in a variety of wavelengths of light, from ultraviolet (left, image from NASA’s Swift satellite) to infrared (middle, image from the Gemini South telescope) to radio waves (right, image from the Very Large Array).

    “Already it is transforming our understanding of the universe, with a fresh narrative of the physics of stars in their death throes,” said France Córdova, director of the National Science Foundation, which funds LIGO.

    A sequence of various types of electromagnetic radiation followed that gravitational trill, like musical instruments taking turns in a symphony. A burst of gamma rays segued into a glow of visible and infrared light, first spotted about 12 hours after the smashup. More than a week later, as those wavelengths faded away, X-rays crescendoed, followed by radio waves.

    Combining gravitational waves with light from a neutron star merger is a long-held dream of astrophysicists. “The picture that you can put together by having all of those sources is synergistic,” says LIGO spokesperson David Shoemaker of MIT. “You can make inferences that otherwise would be impossible."

    That detailed picture revealed the inner workings of neutron star collisions and the source of brief blasts of high-energy light called short gamma-ray bursts. Researchers also calculated how fast the universe is expanding and tested the properties of the odd material within neutron stars.

    For astrophysicists, “this event is the Rosetta stone,” says LIGO member Richard O’Shaughnessy of the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York.

    LIGO’s two detectors, located in the United States, registered an unmistakable sign of the upheaval: A shimmying of space itself that continued for about 100 seconds before cutting off. It was the strongest and longest series of spacetime ripples LIGO had ever seen. At that point, scientists knew they had something big, says LIGO member Vicky Kalogera of Northwestern University in Evanston, Ill. “The e-mails that were circulated said, ‘Oh my God, this is it.’”

    That vibration was an indication of a cosmic crash: Whirling round each other as if on an ill-fated merry-go-round, two orbiting neutron stars spiraled closer and closer, until they converged. The neutron stars, whose masses were  between 1.17 and 1.60 times that of the sun, probably collapsed into a black hole, although LIGO scientists were unable to determine the stars' fate for certain. LIGO has previously spotted mergers of swirling black holes with masses tens of times that of the sun (SN Online: 9/27/17); the smaller masses of the orbiting duo pointed the finger at neutron stars. And because black holes aren’t expected to emit light, the fireworks show that followed solidified the case for neutron stars.

    LIGO’s sister experiment in Italy, Advanced Virgo, saw only a faint signal. That relatively weak detection helped narrow down where the convulsion occurred to “a part of the sky that was a blind spot of Virgo,” Kalogera says. That constrained the site to within a region of about 30 square degrees in the southern sky.

    Just 1.7 seconds after the gravitational wave signal, NASA’s Fermi space telescope spotted a glimmer of gamma rays in the same neighborhood of the sky. Meanwhile, other telescopes swung into action, picking up a glow where none had been before. “We saw what looked like a new star,” says astronomer Edo Berger of Harvard University, who led a team that spotted the light with the DECam on the Blanco telescope in Chile. Berger’s was one of several teams that observed the blast’s light. That detection pinpointed the galaxy NGC 4993, 130 million light-years from Earth in the constellation Hydra, as the collision site. “There was this moment of disbelief: Wow, we actually did it. We found it,” Berger says.

    Brought to light

    neutron star collision in visible light
    P.K. BLANCHARD, E. BERGER, PAN-STARRS, DECAM

    After gravitational waves narrowed down the region of sky where two neutron stars collided, telescopes pinpointed a spot of light (right, indicated with red lines) where none had been before (left).

    That afterglow also revealed an amazing story of stellar alchemy: With the stars’ death came the birth of elements. As the collision spurted neutron-rich material into space, a bevy of heavy elements formed, through a chain of reactions called the r-process (SN: 5/14/16, p. 9). In this process, which requires an environment crammed with neutrons, atomic nuclei rapidly gobble up neutrons and decay radioactively, thereby transforming into new elements, before resuming their neutron gorgefest. The r-process is thought to produce about half of the elements heavier than iron.

    Scientists detected the characteristic glow of this process, called a kilonova, in follow-up observations. “Until this event, we had never directly seen anywhere in nature these heavy elements being forged. Now we have,” says Brian Metzger, a theoretical astrophysicist at Columbia University. “It is a feeling like you’ve discovered some kind of secret of nature.”

    Previously, astrophysicists disagreed about where the r-process occurs: Two top candidates were exploding stars called supernovas (SN: 2/18/17, p. 24) and neutron star mergers. Although scientists can’t yet say whether all r-process elements are produced in neutron star mergers, the amount such collisions should produce appears large enough to explain the abundances found in the universe.

    Element factory

    periodic table end elements produced by neutron stars
    ROBERT HURT/IPAC/CALTECH

    Light emitted after a neutron star collision showed signs of heavy elements present in the aftermath, confirming that certain elements (yellow) are produced in such mergers. Other elements are produced in different ways, including in exploding massive stars and dying low mass stars.

    Additional riches were revealed by gamma rays. Scientists spotted a phenomenon called a short gamma-ray burst, a brief spurt of high-energy light, less than two seconds long. Such paroxysms are relatively common, appearing in the sky about 50 times a year. But finding their source is “a long-standing problem in astrophysics,” says theoretical astrophysicist Rosalba Perna of Stony Brook University in New York. The detection clinched it: Short gamma-ray bursts come from neutron star tête-à-têtes.

    By studying how the neutron stars spiraled inward, astrophysicists also tested the “squishiness” of neutron star material for the first time. This extreme substance is so dense that a teaspoonful of it would have a mass of around a billion metric tons, and scientists don’t fully understand how it responds when squeezed, a property known as its “equation of state.” Measuring this property could give scientists a better understanding of the strange material. Although the results couldn’t pin down whether the neutron stars were squishy, some theories that predicted ultrasquishy neutron stars were ruled out.

    Closing in

    illustration of location of neutron star collision
    STEFANO VALENTI/UC DAVIS, DLT40 SURVEY

    LIGO and Virgo used gravitational waves to narrow down the region (white outlines) where two neutron stars smacked into one another. NASA’s Fermi space telescope detected gamma rays from within the region outlined in yellow. Visible light from the crash allowed scientists to pinpoint the galaxy NGC 4993 (red dot).

    The neutron stars’ union also gave researchers the opportunity to gauge the universe’s expansion rate, by measuring the distance of the collision using gravitational waves and comparing that to how much the wavelength of light from the galaxy was stretched by the expansion. Scientists have previously measured this property, known as the Hubble constant, through other means. But those measurements are in disagreement, leaving scientists scrambling to explain the discrepancy (SN: 8/6/16, p. 10).

    Now, scientists have “a totally different, independent measurement,” says LIGO collaboration member Daniel Holz of the University of Chicago. The new measurement indicates that distantly separated galaxies are spreading apart at about 70 kilometers per second for each megaparsec between them. It falls squarely between the two previous estimates: 67 and 73 km/s per megaparsec. Though this collision can’t yet resolve the debate, future mergers could help improve the measurement.

    “These are all just unbelievable, major advances,” Holz says. “It’s really been this insane thrill.”

    The excitement has yet to die down. Take it from astronomer Ryan Foley of the University of California, Santa Cruz, whose team was the first to spot visible light from the merger: “This is certainly the biggest discovery of my career and probably will be the biggest discovery of my entire life.”

    Researchers announced October 16 that Advanced LIGO (the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory) and its sister experiment, Advanced Virgo, have detected gravitational waves from colliding neutron stars — a cosmic crash also observed by more than 70 observatories around the world.

    Editor's note: This story will be updated throughout the day as more information becomes available. 

    Citations

    B. P. Abbott et al. GW170817: Observation of gravitational waves from a binary neutron star inspiralPhysical Review Letters. Published online October 16, 2017. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.161101.

    B. P. Abbott et al. Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star mergerAstrophysical Journal Letters. Published online October 16, 2017. doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa91c9.

    I. Arcavi et al. Optical follow-up of gravitational-wave events with Las Cumbres ObservatoryAstrophysical Journal Letters. Published online October 16, 2017. doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa910f.

    J. Hjorth et al. The distance to NGC 4993: The host galaxy of the gravitational-wave event GW170817Astrophysical Journal Letters. Published online October 16, 2017. doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa9110.

    M.C. Diaz et al. Observations of the first electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational-wave source by the TOROS collaborationAstrophysical Journal Letters. Published online October 16, 2017. doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa9060.

    B. P. Abbott et al. Gravitational waves and gamma-rays from a binary neutron star merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817AAstrophysical Journal Letters. Published online October 16, 2017. doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa920c.

    E. Troja et al. The X-ray counterpart to the gravitational-wave event GW170817. Nature. Published online October 16, 2017. doi: 10.1038/nature24290.

    I. Arcavi et al. Optical emission from a kilonova following a gravitational-wave-detected neutron-star mergerNature. Published online October 16, 2017. doi: 10.1038/nature24291.

    The LIGO Scientific Collaboration and The Virgo Collaboration, The 1M2H Collaboration, The Dark Energy Camera GW-EM Collaboration and the DES Collaboration, The DLT40 Collaboration, The Las Cumbres Observatory Collaboration, The VINROUGE Collaboration & The MASTER Collaboration. A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constantNature. Published online October 16, 2017. doi: 10.1038/nature24471.

    D. Kasen et al. Origin of the heavy elements in binary neutron star mergers from a gravitational wave eventNature. Published online October 16, 2017. doi:1038/nature24453.

    S.J. Smartt et al. A kilonova as the electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational wave sourceNature. Published online October 16, 2017. doi: 10.1038/nature24303.

    E. Pian et al. Spectroscopic identification of r-process nucleosynthesis in a double neutron-star mergerNature. Published online October 16, 2017. doi: 10.1038/nature24298.

    S. Covino et al. The unpolarized macronova associated with the gravitational wave event GW 170817Nature Astronomy. Published online October 16, 2017. doi:10.1038/s41550-017-0285-z.

    M.M. Kasliwal et al. Illuminating gravitational waves: A concordant picture of photons from a neutron star mergerScience. Published online October 16, 2017. doi: 10.1126/science.aap9455.

    P.A. Evans et al. Swift and NuSTAR observations of GW170817: Detection of a blue kilonovaScience. Published online October 16. doi: 10.1126/science.aap9580.

    G. Hallinan et al. A radio counterpart to a neutron star mergerScience. Published online October 16, 2017. doi: 10.1126/science.aap9855.

    D.A. Coulter et al. Swope Supernova Survey 2017a (SSS17a), the optical counterpart to a gravitational wave sourceScience. Published online October 16, 2017. doi: 10.1126/science.aap9811.

    M.R. Drout et al. Light curves of the neutron star merger GW170817/SSS17a: Implications for r-process nucleosynthesisScience Published online October 16, 2017. doi: 10.1126/science.aaq0049.

    B.J. Shappee et al. Early spectra of the gravitational wave source GW170817: Evolution of a neutron star mergerScience. Published online October 16, 2017. doi: 10.1126/science.aaq0186.

    C.D. Kilpatrick et al. Electromagnetic evidence that SSS17a is the result of a binary neutron star mergerScience. Published online October 16, 2017. doi: 10.1126/science.aaq0073.

    Further Reading

    E. Conover. Trio of detectors tracks gravitational waves to their home. Science News Online, September 27, 2017.

    E. Conover. Rumors swirl that LIGO snagged gravitational waves from a neutron star collision. Science News Online, August 25, 2017.

    E. Conover. Virgo detector joins LIGO in the search for gravitational waves. Science News Online, August 1, 2017.

    E. Conover. LIGO snags another set of gravitational wavesScience News. Vol. 191, June 24, 2017, p. 6.

    E. Conover. Ancient dwarf galaxy was heavy-element factoryScience News. Vol. 189, May 14, 2016, p. 9.

    E. Wayman. Gold seen in neutron star collision debrisScience News. Vol. 184, August 24, 2013, p. 8

    https://www.sciencenews.org/ }

    22-10-2017 om 23:43 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:ASTRONOMIE / RUIMTEVAART
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.What is an astronomical unit?

    What is an astronomical unit?

    Astronomers use astronomical units – or AU – to describe solar system distances. Definition of AU here. Also, mean distances in AU to prominent solar system objects.

    Artist's concept of our Earth and sun. Image via NASA.

    Artist’s concept of Earth and sun. One astronomical unit = the average distance between them. Image via NASA.

    2017 EarthSky Lunar Calendar pre-sale…is happening NOW!

    Astronomers like to list the distances to objects within our solar system (planets, dwarf planets, asteroids, comets, spacecraft, etc.) in terms of an astronomical unit. How far is that? Follow the links below to learn more about this basic distance unit in our solar system.

    INDEX

    Definition of asrom sun to each planet, in AU.

    Mean distance from sun to some dwarf planets, in AU.

    Mean distance to Kuiper Belt, farthest spacecraft, Oort Cloud, in AU.

    Amount of distance in a light-year, in AUtronomical unit.

    Mean distance f

    Definition of astronomical unit. 

    For general reference, we can say that one astronomical unit (AU) represents the mean distance between the Earth and our sun. An AU is approximately 93 million miles (150 million km). It’s approximately 8 light-minutes.

    More exactly, one astronomical unit (AU) = 92,955,807 miles (149,597,871 km).

    Earth’s orbit around the sun isn’t a perfect circle. So Earth’s distance from the sun changes throughout the year. Astronomers give the Earth’s changing distance throughout the year relative to the astronomical unit, too. For instance, when the Earth is at perihelion – its nearest point to the sun for the year, in January – it’s about 0.983 AU from the sun. When our planet swings out to aphelion – its farthest point, in July – we’re about 1.017 AU away from the sun.

    Distances from the sun of planets in our solar system, expressed in A.U.  Graph via planetsforkids.org

    Distances from the sun of planets in our solar system, expressed in A.U. Graph via planetsforkids.org

    Mean distance (semi-major axis) from sun to each planet, in AU.

    Mercury: 0.387 AU
    Venus: 0.723 AU
    Earth: 1.000 AU
    Mars: 1.524 AU
    Jupiter: 5.203 AU
    Saturn: 9.582 AU
    Uranus: 19.201 AU
    Neptune: 30.047 AU

    Source: Planetary Fact Sheet

    If you want to find out the distances of the solar system planets from the Earth and sun right now, click here or here.

    Artist's concept of the dwarf planet Eris, whose distance from the sun varies from 38.255 to 97.661 au.

    Artist’s concept of the dwarf planet Eris, whose distance from the sun varies from 38.255 to 97.661 au. Image via HubbleSite

    Mean distance from sun to some dwarf planets, in AU.

    Ceres: 2.767 AU
    Pluto: 39.53 AU
    Eris: 67.958 AU
    Sedna: 518.57 AU

    Artist's rendering of the Kuiper Belt and the Oort Cloud, the distant icy realm of the solar system. Image credit: NASA

    Artist’s rendering of the Kuiper Belt and the Oort Cloud, the distant icy realm of the solar system. Image via NASA

    Mean distance to Kuiper Belt, farthest spacecraft, Oort Cloud, in AU.

    Kuiper Belt: 30 to 55 AU

    Farthest spacecraft: Voyager 1: 137.053 AU (as of October 2016)

    Oort Cloud: 5,000 to 100,000 AU

    Largest circle with yellow arrow indicates one light year from our sun.  Read more about this image at Wikimedia Commons.

    Largest circle with yellow arrow indicates one light year from our sun. Smallest yellow sphere is one light-week. Larger yellow sphere is one light-month. Read more about this image at Wikimedia Commons.

    Amount of distance in a light-year, in AU

    One light-year = 63,240 AU

    Bottom line: Astronomers like to list the distances to objects within our solar system (planets, dwarf planets, asteroids, comets, spacecraft, etc.) in terms of the astronomical unit, or AU. One astronomical unit is the approximate mean distance between the Earth and sun. It’s about 93 million miles (150 million km), or 8 light-minutes.

    Enjoying EarthSky so far? Sign up for our free daily newsletter today!

    http://earthsky.org/ }

    22-10-2017 om 23:22 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:ASTRONOMIE / RUIMTEVAART
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Astronomers confirm Earth has an asteroid buddy

    Astronomers confirm Earth has an asteroid buddy

    It’s the best and most stable example to date of a near-Earth companion, or “quasi-satellite.” It’s a small asteroid called 2016 HO3. It travels along with Earth in orbit around the sun.

    Planetary astronomers – those who work on objects within our own solar system – are meeting last week in Provo, Utah. One of the presentations – from Vishnu Reddy at the University of Arizona Lunar and Planetary Laboratory – provided new data an objects discovered in 2016 that appeared to be moving with Earth around the sun. Was it a burned-out rocket booster, tumbling along a peculiar near-Earth orbit around the sun, and only occasionally getting close enough to be studied with even the largest telescopes? Reddy’s recent work says no. The object, called 2016 HO3, isn’t space junk, but instead an ordinary asteroid, albeit a tiny one, similar to many near-Earth objects now known to be zipping past Earth continually.

    Except 2016 HO3 isn’t zipping past. It’s traveling with us.

    Reddy’s team used with one of the world’s largest telescopes – the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT) on Mt. Graham in southeastern Arizona – to learn the true nature of this near-Earth object.blog post from this observatory reported:

    2016 HO3 is a small near-Earth object (NEO) measuring no more than 100 meters (330 feet) across that, while orbiting the sun, also appears to circle around the Earth as a quasi-satellite. Only five quasi-satellites have been discovered so far, but 2016 HO3 is the most stable of them. The provenance of this object is unknown. On timescales of a few centuries, 2016 HO3 remains within 38 to 100 lunar-distances from us.

    Observations also show that the HO3 rotates once every 28 minutes and is made of materials similar to asteroids. The astronomers know this because light reflected off the surface of 2016 HO3 is similar to that of other near-Earth objects and to meteorites on Earth’s surface. Reddy said:

    In an effort to constrain its rotation period and surface composition, we observed 2016 HO3 on April 14 and 18 with the Large Binocular Telescope and the Discovery Channel Telescope. The derived rotation period and the spectrum of emitted light are not uncommon amongst small NEOs, suggesting that 2016 HO3 is a natural object of similar provenance to other small NEOs.

    The LBTO blog post explained the object’s strange orbit:

    One way to visualize HO3’s orbit is by picturing a hula hoop dancer — the sun in this analogy — twirling two hoops around the hips at the same time, ever so slightly out of sync. While it orbits the sun, the object makes yearly loops around the Earth.

    As a result, the object appears to orbit the Earth, but it is not gravitationally bound to our planet.

    Christian Veillet, director of the LBT Observatory, commented:

    Of the near-Earth objects we know of, these types of objects would be the easiest to reach, so they could potentially make suitable targets for exploration.

    EarthSky’s 2018 lunar calendars are here! Get them for 25% OFF this week.

    2016 HO3 is seen at the top left corner of this animation made of ten 2mn long exposures in I band using MODS1 on the left side of LBT – The telescope is tracking the moving asteroid, so background stars (and even a couple of galaxies) are trailed.

    Image via LBTO.

    Bottom line: Astronomers meeting this week in Provo, Utah confirm that 2016 HO3 – a quasi-satellite to Earth – is a natural object and not space junk.

    Source: Ground-based Characterization of Earth Quasi Satellite (469219) 2016 HO3

    Via the LBTO blog.

    http://earthsky.org/ }

    22-10-2017 om 23:05 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:ASTRONOMIE / RUIMTEVAART
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Doofpot rond aliens blijft niet lang meer dicht. Dit zei een lucht- en ruimtevaartingenieur hierover op tv
    Doofpot rond aliens blijft niet veel langer dicht. Dit zei een lucht- en ruimtevaartingenieur hierover op tv

    Doofpot rond aliens blijft niet lang meer dicht. Dit zei een lucht- en ruimtevaartingenieur hierover op tv

    Begin deze maand was in het Vlaamse avondprogramma Gert Late Night aandacht voor het onderwerp buitenaards leven. Dat naar aanleiding van de populaire documentaire Unacknowledged, die sinds kort op Netflix is te zien.

    Voor Karen van de Belgische meidengroep K3, die de film ook bekeek, is het nu zonneklaar dat aliens bestaan en de aarde hebben bezocht.

    Ze riep in het programma iedereen op de documentaire te bekijken en vindt dat we hier niet meer lacherig om moeten doen.

    Geen onderzoek
    Doofpot rond aliens blijft niet veel langer dicht. Dit zei een lucht- en ruimtevaartingenieur hierover op tv

    Dr.ir. Coen Vermeeren (Gert Late Night)

    Lucht- en ruimtevaartingenieur Coen Vermeeren vertelde in Gert Late Night dat de wetenschap hier geen onderzoek naar mag doen.

    Hij merkte op dat één van de belangrijkste UFO-waarnemingen in de recente geschiedenis in België is gedaan. Dat was de UFO-golf van 1989-1991.

    “Ik heb zelf contact opgenomen met voormalig luchtmachtgeneraal Wilfried De Brouwer en hij zei dat het een zeer serieuze waarneming was en dat vele tienduizenden Belgen het hebben gezien,” zei Vermeeren.

    Nooit achterhaald

    “Er is zeer serieus onderzoek naar gedaan, ze zijn er met F-16’s achteraan gevlogen, hebben er radarbeelden van en ze hebben nooit achterhaald wat het is geweest,” voegde hij toe.

    De Brouwer wilde dat universiteiten hier onderzoek naar zouden doen, maar dat gebeurde niet, aldus Vermeeren.

    Volgens de lucht- en ruimtevaartingenieur gaat de documentaire alles veranderen en is het een gamechanger van de eerste orde.

    Doofpot

    “Maar er zijn heel veel belanghebbenden die dat gewoon niet willen,” lichtte hij toe.

    Zo heeft de deep state waarover de laatste tijd veel wordt gesproken er geen belang bij dat mensen meer te weten komen over onze buren in het heelal.

    Vermeeren denkt echter dat de doofpot niet lang meer dicht kan blijven.

    Bekijk de aflevering hier terug.

    [VIER

    22-10-2017 om 22:27 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:NineForNews. nl ( new ipv NIBURU.nl) (NL)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Fireballs and Mystery Booms Around the World Remain a Mystery

    Fireballs and Mystery Booms Around the World Remain a Mystery

    Just what exactly is going on in the skies lately? Terrifying and unexplained explosion noises have been heard around the world in the past few months, sometimes within a few hours of one another and on opposite sides of the world. While this phenomenon is nothing new, it certainly seems to be happening with increasing frequency lately. In my home state of North Carolina, a powerful booming sound rattled windows and doors earlier this month shortly before a piece of rocket debris washed up on NC’s shores. A few weeks later on October 18th, a similar loud explosion was heard not far from the same area with enough pressure to cause glass doors to bow inwards. At this time there’s still no explanation for the sound.

    Something caused it, that much is certain.

    Whether or not the boom and the debris are related remains unknown.

    Much farther north, similar powerful booms were heard and felt in Alaska and British Columbia on that same day, October 18. Residents of Charlie Lake, B.C. said the boom was so loud and percussive that they thought something had exploded nearbyor fallen on their houses. Spokespersons with both the Canadian Armed Forces and the B.C. Oil and Gas Commission say they know of no activities which could explain the anomalous booms. However, some B.C. residents took to social media to say they saw a fireball streaking across the sky that night. Could a small meteorite have caused this explosion in the sky?

    A fireball seen over Sri Lanka on October 16.

    A fireball seen over Sri Lanka on October 16.

    Similar fireballs were seen in Sri Lanka on October 16th and in the United Arab Emirates on October 18th. While the Sri Lanka fireball is believed to have been a small meteorite, the UAE fireball was explained as falling debris from the Russian Progress space module which recently delivered some rather mysterious cargo to the ISS.

    The Russian Progress capsule was carrying a secret scientific module which the Russian space agency refused to disclose.

    The Russian Progress capsule was carrying a secret scientific module which the Russian space agency refused to identify or explain.

    Could all of these fireballs and mystery booms be merely natural phenomena, or is something darker happening here? Are we being kept in the dark about an impending meteorite bombardment, or perhaps could some sort of corporate aerospace black ops or classified military operation be underway? Whatever the cause, something strange is afoot overheard, that’s for sure.

    http://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

    22-10-2017 om 22:11 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:Diversen (Eng, NL en Fr)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.1958: Enormous UFO seen during Algerian War

    1958: Enormous UFO seen during Algerian War

    Date: March, 1958

    Sighting Time: .30 hours

    Day/Night: Night

    Location: Bouamama, Algeria

    Urban or Rural: -desert

    Hynek Classification: CE1

    Duration:

    No. of Object(s): 1

    Size of Object(s): 350 meters wide

    Distance to Object(s): roughly 100 to 120 ft. above the ground

    Shape of Object(s): Disc

    Color of Object(s): The object was surrounded by pale green light, and an intense conical beam of emerald-green light was coming from the center of the under-part towards the ground.

    Number of Witnesses:

    Source: Joel Mesnard, FSR Vol. 19. No. 3

    Summary/Description: Legionnaire N.G., was on sentry duty at a Foreign Legion camp at Bouamama during the Algerian War, when he saw an enormous, roundish object descending. It stopped when it was about 35-40 meters above the ground, and began to hover there, motionless and silent. He estimated it to be as much as 350 meters wide. The witness feels that something most unusual happened to him psychologically.

    Image result for 1958: Enormous UFO seen during Algerian War

    1958: Enormous UFO seen during Algerian War

    Image result for 1958: Enormous UFO seen during Algerian War

    Map Data

    Full Report

    fsr19-3-b

    Representation of the craft seen by the soldier.

    TRANQUILIZING VISITATION AT BOUAMAMA

    An Algerian report of 1958

    Joel Mesnard

    An extraordinary UFO sighting was reported one night in March, 1958, during the Algerian War, at a Foreign Legion camp at Bouamama in the Sud Constantinois. The sole witness. Legionnaire N.G., was on sentry duty outside the camp. The site where he was consisted of a fortified emplacement dug out of the ground, lightly armored and equipped with a telephone connected to the camp.

    The night was cloudless and the moon was shining. All was silent on the desert landscape. No large-scale operations were being carried out in the area at the time so N.G., who had been in the Legion for three years, was not feeling especially anxious. He was sitting on the ground near ihe trench, and had his rifle. If anything unexpected happened he was supposed either to fire his rifle or call the camp by telephone.

    Suddenly, at a few minutes after 0.30 hours, something did happen. What it was that happened, we cannot say for sure. The witness remembers seeing a positive, physical phenomenon of enormous size. But he feels that something most unusual happened to him psychologically. And he freely admits that there might well be a difference between what he sincerely remembers and what actually took place.

    It began with a whistling noise, the sort of noise you hear if you blow into the neck of a bottle. This sound seemed to him to be coming down from the sky. He immediately looked up, and saw an enormous, roundish object descending. It stopped when it was about 35-40 meters (roughly 100 to 120 ft.) above the ground, and began to hover there, motionless and silent.

    He estimated it to be as much as 350 meters wide (1,000 ft.). As seen by him slightly from below, during the arrival and take-off phases, it seemed to be elliptical in shape, quite independently of the perspective effect that makes a disc look elliptical when observed from a point outside the disc’s center-line. Its span might, he thought, have been in the neighborhood of 250 meters. He estimated the distance between himself and the nearest edge of the object at little more than 50 meters (150 ft.).

    When I asked Monsieur N.G. to extend his arms towards the ends of the object as he recalled seeing it, he held them out at an angle of about 100 between them. This estimate would fit quite well with the estimates given above of its size and its distance from him.

    The object was surrounded by pale green light, and an intense conical beam of emerald-green light was coming from the center of the under-part towards the ground.

    Legionnaire N.G. did not fire his rifle, nor did he pick up the telephone. He just remembers staring at the object for 45 to 50 minutes. The pale green and emerald colors were the most beautiful, relaxing and fascinating colors he had ever seen. Legionnaire N.G. had forgotten all about the war. All nervous or psychological tension had gone from his mind. He was just feeling happy.

    Then came the noise again, like somebody blowing into a bottle, and the object started rising gently, until it had reached a height of about I(K) or 120 meters. Then it flew offal tremendous speed towards the North-West, climbing as it went.

    What the Legionnaire then felt was a sort of sadness at the disappearance of this beautiful sight. After a few minutes this feeling began to fade, yielding place to a return of his ordinary state of consciousness, until his full mental faculties were back. He quickly picked up the telephone and reported what he had seen. To his great amazement however the officer at the camp simply replied in the manner: “Alright. We’ll see about it tomorrow morning.”

    Greatly disappointed at the officer’s reaction, N.G. continued his watch until he was relieved by another man in the early hours of the morning. He again reported his experience, and this time more attention was paid to him. Some of his superiors were inclined to believe his story, because N.G., then aged 28, was a well-respected soldier and was considered serious and reliable. The majority however thought it was just a case of psychological trouble caused by the tough conditions of war in the desert.

    A careful investigation was carried out at the scene of the sighting. N.G. recalls with a smile that the officers even examined the sand with a magnifying lens. No footprints, no marks, no alien material was found in the area, and no smell either.

    Probably more for medical than for “ufological” reasons, the witness was thoroughly questioned by officers. He stuck to his original story, and the affair was considered to be quite amazing. He was sent lo the Military Hospital at Val dc Grace in Paris. There he was kept for a week under dose scrutiny by neurologists and psychiatrists. An electroencephalogram revealed nothing unusual. The conclusion of all the doctors was that N.G. was in a slate of good physical and mental health. He had not been notably affected by the strains caused by wartime service in Algeria. He had no tendency towards drinking, and was considered to be competent for service in the Foreign Legion, which means an especially hard way of life. Indeed, no man with a tendency towards dreaming or science-fiction, or with an over-developed imagination or analytical, critical mind would he selected for service in the Legion.

    Monsieur N.G., who is today a civilian, is obviously a man with a strong sense of the realities of everyday life, and seems lo be just the opposite of an over sensitive type or a poet.

    What happened that night in Bouamama? It is just as difficult for us to believe in the physical features of the reported sighting as it is for us not to believe in the sincerity of the witness.

    Monsieur N.G. obviously is not seeking publicity. He just recounts his experience, in a natural manner, to his own close relatives, and when I met him in May 1970, he looked slightly reluctant for the first few minutes, and then answered my questions without emphasis on any particular feature.

    I have been unable so far to find any evidence from military sources regarding his alleged experience. The

    Val de Grace Hospital in Paris does not keep documents about patients beyond a period of ten years.

    The size of the reported object is so large that, if it actually was where the witness claims to have seen it, it must have been visible from the camp at an angle of about 60 . Yet nobody else reported seeing it. When 1 asked him about the possible reasons for his having been the only witness, N.G. replied that it is in no way astonishing, since most of the men in the camp were asleep in their barracks at the time. There was a legionnaire on sentry duty at the opposite end of the camp, and he could have seen the UFO at an angle of almost 40 ! And yet that sentry reported nothing. Monsieur N.G. does not think that the slope or the irregular pattern of the ground could have been sufficient to render the phenomenon invisible from the camp.

    The witness seems to be conscious that something quite extraordinary happened to his mind, but he seems to believe quite positively in the geometrical features of his “sighting.” He says he has had no disease or illness of any kind since the night of the sighting, and no unusual physical or mental conditions. He has never had any other experiences involving flying saucers, cither before, or since, his experience at Bouamama. What happened to him there in 1958 has left him with the belief that “there is something,” and that “something is coming from another world to watch ours.” Regarding his amazingly peaceful state during the sighting, he uses words like: “It was like time running very slowly . . .” and “it was like being in another world.”

    Since the experience he had felt a certain degree of interest in flying saucers, and recalls having read about UFOs in newspapers and magazines. In any case, the subject definitely docs not upset him and his experience, however extraordinary it may seem, has not notably changed his life.

    The Bouamama case, devoid as it is of physical evidence but so puzzling in many respects, invites comparison with a number of other cases. What she wrote of the witness actually was leaves much to our imagination. It is just one more of those very special UFO sightings which lead us to think that Ufology may somehow be related to some obscure psychic phenomenon.

    {  http://www.thinkaboutitdocs.com/ }

    22-10-2017 om 21:46 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:Diversen (Eng, NL en Fr)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Take a Break And Travel Through Our Beautiful Solar System With New Google Maps
    Google Maps

    Take a Break And Travel Through Our Beautiful Solar System With New Google Maps

    Let's blow this popsicle stand.

    MICHELLE STARR

    We can't all go to space, but we can now take a poke around our Solar System thanks to Google Maps.

    The internet giant's mapping service has expanded its map of the nearby celestial bodies to include three new planets and a whole bunch of new moons to explore. And it's even more awesome than it sounds.

    Previously, the service had only included Earth, of course, along with Mars, the Moon, and the International Space Station, with data collected from the NOAA, the ESO, JAXA, NASA, and in the case of the ISS, astronaut Thomas Pesquet, who captured data for Street View.

    Now we have Venus, Mercury, Pluto and the moons Ceres, Io, Europa, Ganymede, Mimas, Enceladus, Dione, Rhea, Titan and Iapetus to explore, thanks to NASA data.

    You won't be able to get as up close and personal with these planets as you can with Street View, since we don't have surface-level photographs, but you can spin them around, and have a good zoom in on things - like a nice virtual globe.

    "Explore the icy plains of Enceladus, where Cassini discovered water beneath the moon's crust - suggesting signs of life," Google Street View product manager Stafford Marquardt wrote in a blog post.

    "Peer beneath the thick clouds of Titan to see methane lakes. Inspect the massive crater of Mimas - while it might seem like a sci-fi look-a-like, it is a moon, not a space station."

    Image data was collected together from several NASA and ESA missions, including Cassini, which collected a lot of information and photographs of Saturn and its moons. Pluto data was taken from New Horizons, so a lot of it is pretty blurry, but the detail on the Sleipnir Fossa and the Morgoth Macula is breathtaking.

    Some of this data was compiled into maps by astronomical artist Björn Jónsson, whose website is really fun to poke around in.

    There are a few planets missing. For all the Cassini data used, the new lineup has a rather glaring omission - Saturn, the ringed planet. Jupiter also has a probe, Juno, busily collecting data, so maybe we'll see the gas giants join the collection sometime.

    We don't have probes checking out our ice giants, Neptune and Uranus, but NASA is hoping to get some out there eventually. Given how long the trip to those reaches of the solar system takes, though, they probably won't join the Google Maps fun for at least another decade.

    In the meantime, though, there's plenty for you to explore. You can check it all out on Google Maps' handy space page.

    Or you could go for space and time with the TARDIS, Google Maps style.

    {http://www.sciencealert.com/ }

    22-10-2017 om 11:16 geschreven door peter  

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    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Looking For Signs of Extraterrestrial Life Just Got a Whole Lot Easier
    "Venus-like” exoplanet GJ 1132b.
    Image Credit: cfa.harvard.edu

    Looking For Signs of Extraterrestrial Life Just Got a Whole Lot Easier

    There's a new test for alien habitability.

    MATT WILLIAMS, UNIVERSE TODAY

    When it comes to searching for worlds that could support extra-terrestrial life, scientists currently rely on the "low-hanging fruit" approach.

    Since we only know of one set of conditions under which life can thrive – i.e. what we have here on Earth – it makes sense to look for worlds that have these same conditions. These include being located within a star's habitable zone, having a stable atmosphere, and being able to maintain liquid water on the surface.

    Until now, scientists have relied on methods that make it very difficult to detect water vapour in the atmosphere's of terrestrial planets. But thanks to a new study led by Yuka Fujii of NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), that may be about to change.

    Using a new three-dimensional model that takes into account global circulation patterns, this study also indicates that habitable exoplanets may be more common than we thought.

    The study, titled "NIR-driven Moist Upper Atmospheres of Synchronously Rotating Temperate Terrestrial Exoplanets", recently appeared in The Astrophysical Journal.

    In addition to Fujii, who is also a member of the Earth-Life Science Institute at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, the research team included Anthony D. Del Genio (GISS) and David S. Amundsen (GISS and Columbia University).

    To put it simply, liquid water is essential to life as we know it. If a planet does not have a sufficiently warm atmosphere in order to maintain liquid water for a sufficient amount of time (on the order of billions of years), then it is unlikely that life will not be able to emerge and evolve.

    If a planet is too distant from its star, its surface water will freeze; if it is too close, its surface water will evaporate and be lost to space.

    While water has been detected in the atmospheres of exoplanets before, in all cases, the planets were massive gas giants that orbited very closely to their stars (AKA "Hot Jupiters"). As Fujii and his colleagues state in their study:

    "Although H2O signatures have been detected in the atmospheres of hot Jupiters, detecting molecular signatures, including H2O, on temperate terrestrial planets is exceedingly challenging, because of the small planetary radius and the small scale height (due to the lower temperature and presumably larger mean molecular weight)."

    When it comes to terrestrial (i.e. rocky) exoplanets, previous studies were forced to rely on one-dimensional models to calculate the presence of water.

    This consisted of measuring hydrogen loss, where water vapour in the stratosphere is broken down into hydrogen and oxygen from exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

    By measuring the rate at which hydrogen is lost to space, scientists would estimate the amount of liquid water still present on the surface.

    However, as Fujii and his colleagues explain, such models rely on several assumptions that cannot be addressed, which include the global transport of heat and water vapour, as well as the effects of clouds.

    Basically, previous models predicted that for water vapour to reach the stratosphere, long-term surface temperatures on these exoplanets would have to be more than 66°C (150°F) higher than what we experience here on Earth.

    These temperatures could create powerful convective storms on the surface. However, these storms could not be the reason water reaches the stratosphere when it comes to slowly rotating planets entering a moist greenhouse state – where water vapour intensifies heat.

    Planets that orbit closely to their parent stars are known to either have a slow rotation or to be tidally-locked with their planets, thus making convective storms unlikely.

    This occurs quite often for terrestrial planets that are located around low-mass, ultra cool, M-type (red dwarf) stars. For these planets, their proximity to their host star means that it's gravitational influence will be strong enough to slow down or completely arrest their rotation.

    When this occurs, thick clouds form on the dayside of the planet, protecting it from much of the star's light.

    Image result for Looking For Signs of Extraterrestrial Life Just Got a Whole Lot Easier

    More From ScienceAlert

    The team found that, while this could keep the dayside cool and prevent water vapour from rising, the amount of near-Infrared radiation (NIR) could provide enough heat to cause a planet to enter a moist greenhouse state.

    This is especially true of M-type and other cool dwarf stars, which are known to produce more in the way of NIR. As this radiation warms the clouds, water vapour will rise into the stratosphere.

    To address this, Fujii and his team relied on three-dimensional general circulation models (GCMs) which incorporate atmospheric circulation and climate heterogeneity.

    For the sake of their model, the team started with a planet that had an Earth-like atmosphere and was entirely covered by oceans. This allowed the team to clearly see how variations in distance from different types of stars would effect conditions on the planets surfaces.

    These assumptions allowed the team to clearly see how changing the orbital distance and type of stellar radiation affected the amount of water vapour in the stratosphere. As Fujii explained in a NASA press release:

    "Using a model that more realistically simulates atmospheric conditions, we discovered a new process that controls the habitability of exoplanets and will guide us in identifying candidates for further study… We found an important role for the type of radiation a star emits and the effect it has on the atmospheric circulation of an exoplanet in making the moist greenhouse state."

    In the end, the team's new model demonstrated that since low-mass star emit the bulk of their light at NIR wavelengths, a moist greenhouse state will result for planets orbiting closely to them.

    This would result in conditions on their surfaces that comparable to what Earth experiences in the tropics, where conditions are hot and moist, instead of hot and dry.

    What's more, their model indicated that NIR-driven processes increased moisture in the stratosphere gradually, to the point that exoplanets orbiting closer to their stars could remain habitable.

    This new approach to assessing potential habitability will allow astronomers to simulate circulation of planetary atmospheres and the special features of that circulation, which is something one-dimensional models cannot do.

    In the future, the team plans to assess how variations in planetary characteristics -such as gravity, size, atmospheric composition, and surface pressure – could affect water vapour circulation and habitability.

    This will, along with their 3-dimensional model that takes planetary circulation patterns into account, allow astronomers to determine the potential habitability of distant planets with greater accuracy. As Anthony Del Genio indicated:

    "As long as we know the temperature of the star, we can estimate whether planets close to their stars have the potential to be in the moist greenhouse state. Current technology will be pushed to the limit to detect small amounts of water vapour in an exoplanet's atmosphere. If there is enough water to be detected, it probably means that planet is in the moist greenhouse state."

    Beyond offering astronomers a more comprehensive method for determining exoplanet habitability, this study is also good news for exoplanet-hunters hoping to find habitable planets around M-type stars.

    Low-mass, ultra-cool, M-type stars are the most common star in the Universe, accounting for roughly 75 percent of all stars in the Milky Way. Knowing that they could support habitable exoplanets greatly increases the odds of find one.

    In addition, this study is VERY good news given the recent spate of research that has cast serious doubt on the ability of M-type stars to host habitable planets.

    This research was conducted in response to the many terrestrial planets that have been discovered around nearby red dwarfs in recent years.

    What they revealed was that, in general, red dwarf stars experience too much flare and could strip their respective planets of their atmospheres.

    These include the 7-planet TRAPPIST-1 system (three of which are located in the star's habitable zone) and the closest exoplanet to the Solar System, Proxima b.

    The sheer number of Earth-like planets discovered around M-type stars, coupled with this class of star's natural longevity, has led many in the astrophysical community to venture that red dwarf stars might be the most likely place to find habitable exoplanets.

    With this latest study, which indicates that these planets could be habitable after all, it would seem that the ball is effectively back in their court!

    This article was originally published with Universe Today. Read the original article.

    22-10-2017 om 11:00 geschreven door peter  

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    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Manen van Mars kunnen weleens elektrisch geladen zijn

    {https://www.scientias.nl/ }

    22-10-2017 om 01:50 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:ASTRONOMIE / RUIMTEVAART
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Giftige ijswolk ontdekt op Saturnus' maan Titan

    {https://www.scientias.nl/ }

    22-10-2017 om 01:46 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:ASTRONOMIE / RUIMTEVAART
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.'Mars heeft valleien te danken aan zomerse toptemperaturen'

    {https://www.scientias.nl/ }

    22-10-2017 om 01:41 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:ASTRONOMIE / RUIMTEVAART


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