The [Remaining] "15 %" Compromised!
CIA Archives: Defense Against the Spy -
Espionage Devices (1967)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UgE-UmcmjzU
Cold War espionage describes the intelligence gathering
activities during the Cold War between NATO and the Warsaw Pact. Because each
side was preparing to fight the other, intelligence on the opposing side's
intentions, military, and technology was of paramount importance. To gather this
information, the two relied on a wide variety of military and civilian agencies.
While several such as the CIA and KGB became synonymous with Cold War espionage,
many other organizations played key roles in the collection and analysis of a
wide host of intelligence disciplines.
During World War II the various allied nations held a
tenuous relationship with the Soviet Union, but cooperation persisted due to a
common enemy. Never quite trustful of each other, this resulted in espionage of
tactics and technology between the Western bloc and Soviet bloc. After World War
II ended, the two sides became increasingly confrontational, culminating in the
Cold War.
Active Measures (Russian: Активные мероприятия) were a
form of political warfare conducted by the Soviet security services (Cheka,
OGPU, NKVD, KGB) to influence the course of world events, "in addition to
collecting intelligence and producing politically correct assessment of it."
Active measures ranged "from media manipulations to special actions involving
various degree of violence". They were used both abroad and domestically. They
included disinformation, propaganda, counterfeiting official documents,
assassinations, and political repression, such as penetration of churches, and
persecution of political dissidents.
Active measures included the establishment and support of
international front organizations (e.g. the World Peace Council); foreign
communist, socialist and opposition parties; wars of national liberation in the
Third World; and underground, revolutionary, insurgency, criminal, and terrorist
groups. The intelligence agencies of Eastern Bloc and other communist states
also contributed in the past to the program, providing operatives and
intelligence for assassinations and other types of covert
operations.
Retired KGB Maj. Gen. Oleg Kalugin described active
measures as "the heart and soul of Soviet intelligence": "Not intelligence
collection, but subversion: active measures to weaken the West, to drive wedges
in the Western community alliances of all sorts, particularly NATO, to sow
discord among allies, to weaken the United States in the eyes of the people of
Europe, Asia, Africa, Latin America, and thus to prepare ground in case the war
really occurs."
Active measures was a system of special courses taught in
the Andropov Institute of KGB situated at SVR headquarters in Yasenevo, near
Moscow. The head of "active measures department" was Yuri Modin, former
controller of the Cambridge Five spy ring.
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