Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 12 YEARS AND 11 MONTHS.
ON 06/05/2024 MORE THAN 1.972.210
VISITORS FROM 134 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
Peut-on faire de la science «dure» avec un phénomène aussi
fugitif que les OVNIs ? «Oui» selon le gr...
Dark Zone na dautre ambition que de collecter ces incidents étranges qui
passent presque toujours à travers les mailles trop larges du filet de
l'actualité. Quils soient authentiques ou non importe peu. Ils constituent une
part précieuse du folklore contemporain, nourrissent les mythes souterrains de
notre modernité et dessinent une Zone Obscure qu'il n'est pas interdit
d'arpenter...
"En fait vous construisez un OVNI !"
Le 11 septembre 2013 | Mise à jour le 11 septembre
2013
Peut-on faire de la science «dure» avec un phénomène aussi fugitif que les
OVNIs ? «Oui» selon le groupe dingénieurs et de chercheurs dUFO-Science qui
depuis six ans tentent de reproduire en laboratoire certaines caractéristiques
physiques de ces objets non identifiés décrites par les témoins. Fondé par
lastrophysicien et ancien directeur de recherches au CNRS, Jean-Pierre Petit,
UFO-science regroupe désormais plusieurs jeunes passionnés qui
triment darrache-pied et sans a priori concernant la nature du phénomène, sur
des hypothèses susceptible dexpliquer les performances ahurissantes de ces
dahuts volants. Parmi eux, Mathieu Ader, électrotechnicien toulousain, revient
sur les origines dUFO-science et les progrès de ses recherches.
Lentretien qui suit est assez technique. Voici deux définitions préalables
pour une meilleure compréhension :
-Le plasma en physique est un état de la matière très particulier où
les noyaux des atomes et leurs électrons se séparent et commencent à se balader
dans une charmante anarchie après avoir été soumis à une ionisation. Il est
ainsi possible de transformer de lair en plasma en le soumettant à de fortes
charges électriques.
-La Magnétohydrodynamique ou MHD pour les intimes étudie le
comportement dun plasma quand on le met en présence dun champ
électromagnétique.
Une dernière chose : Jean-Pierre Petit, dont le caractère pour le moins
entier est connu, développe sur son site personnel, qui nest pas celui
dUFO-science, des idées qui sont à lexact lopposé des miennes ainsi que des
principes qui sous-tendent cette chronique. Mais ce nest pas le sujet de cette
interview. Et si on commence à ne parler quavec des gens avec qui on est
daccord, on finit par parler tout seul.
Des objets qui passent le mur du son sans émettre le "bang"
supersonique
Quel est votre parcours personnel ? Je suis électrotechnicien de
formation et je travaille dans laéronautique à Toulouse. Je suivais le site et
le travail de Jean-Pierre Petit en simple curieux depuis des années. Puis,
Jean-Pierre a créé Ufo-science, suite à la publication des données recueillies
par le GEIPAN. La très grande majorité de ces données sont des Procès-Verbaux de
gendarmerie. Or, les PV de gendarmerie consignant les observations dOVNI sont
purement descriptifs : taille, couleurs, vitesse etc. Rien de bien scientifique
là dedans. Jean-Pierre Petit a souhaité créer une association qui travaille à la
fois sur le terrain et en laboratoire afin de développer des outils que lon
pourrait mettre à la disposition du grand public pour étudier le phénomène OVNI
de manière scientifique. Nous essayons de combler un manque : si le Geipan avait
un comité scientifique, Ufo-science naurait jamais vu le jour.
Pouvez-vous décrire le travail effectué en laboratoire ? Lune de
nos principales pistes de travail est la MHD, la magnétohydrodynamique.
Jean-Pierre Petit travaillait sur les générateurs MHD dans les années 60. Il fut
frappé par le nombre de témoignages décrivant des objets passant le mur du son
sans émettre le « bang » supersonique. Les avis sur ce phénomène étaient
partagés : les uns concluaient à son impossibilité physique et donc à la
non-matérialité des OVNIs. Dautres, dont Jean-Pierre Petit, se demandaient sil
nexistait pas une possibilité physique pour quun objet matériel franchisse le
mur du son, d'évoluer en hypersonique, sans émettre aucun bruit. Et la réponse
est « oui » : cest la MHD.
Il sagit dune théorie qui nest pas nouvelle Le principe est
connu depuis le 19e siècle. Jean-Pierre Petit sest intéressé au
générateur MHD fondé sur la possibilité d'extraire de lénergie d'un fluide en
mouvement. Or la MHD est réversible à la manière dune dynamo de vélo. Autrement
dit, on peut fournir de lénergie à un fluide pour faire réagir ce fluide et le
contrôler. Jean-Pierre sest dit quil est forcément possible de faire
fonctionner un engin aérien capable de contrôler le fluide, qui lenvironne,
lair, et donc de ne pas provoquer de « bang » supersonique. La propulsion MHD,
c'est"L'art et la manière de se propulser dans un fluide, en agissant sur ce
fluide avec des forces électromagnétiques"
Il est possible dexpérimenter en laboratoire ce principe et de le
modéliser ? Oui : Jean-Pierre a présenté en 1975 ses aérodynes
discoïdaux qui nest rien dautre le mot scientifique pour « soucoupes
volantes ». Car il se trouve que quand lon étudie les formes les mieux adaptées
à la MHD, il apparaît que cest la forme disque qui est la meilleure. Cette
« coïncidence » entre cette forme typique des OVNIs et la forme idéale pour la
MHD a fait tilt dans sa tête. Mais il na pas pu aller au bout de ses recherches
dans le cadre académique
Car les soucoupes volantes doivent rester aux portes de la science,
attachées à un réverbère Cest un peu ça, surtout à lépoque. A
Ufo-science, nous avons repris ses travaux mais de façon totalement
indépendante. Nous sommes financés par des dons et la publication de livres. Cet
argent est investi dans lachat de matériel et dans des expérimentations. Quand
nous obtenons des résultats, nous allons les présenter dans des congrès
scientifiques. Nous remercions d'ailleurs tous ceux qui nous soutiennent par
leur don.
"En principe, même un cube peut se déplacer par MHD"
Quelles sont les réactions à vos travaux dans ces congrès ? Depuis
2008, nous avons réalisé 6 publications qui ont été présentées dans des congrès
scientifiques internationaux (Lituanie, Allemagne, Corée du sud, République
Tchèque), consultables sur le site de notre association (1). Plusieurs ont été
acceptés par les référés et sont parues dans des revues scientifiques à comité
de lecture. Les réactions sont vraiment très ouvertes : en 2010, en Corée du
Sud, nous sommes venus présenter des travaux démontrant quil était possible de
créer un plasma autour dun engin qui reste confiné au plus près de la paroi.
Quand nous avons achevé la présentation devant des labos venus du monde entier,
le chairman de la conférence nous a dit, sans la moindre ironie : « En fait,
vous fabriquez un OVNI. »
Dautres labos en France ou à létranger travaillent-ils sur la
MHD ? Il y en a, bien sûr. Nous les rencontrons souvent dans les congrès.
Ce que lon appelle « la physique des plasmas froids » est un sujet très
porteur ». Mais, tout cela est très lié à lindustrie de larmement et donc très
secret. Il est difficile de se faire une précise de létat réel de lavancée des
recherches.
Pour en revenir aux OVNIs, tous ne sont pas en forme de soucoupe
volante. On observe des triangles des cigares, des sphères etc. Ces autres
formes sont-elles compatibles avec la MHD ? En principe, même un cube
peut se déplacer par MHD sans provoquer de « bang » supersonique. Mais, de toute
façon, il nest pas question daffirmer que la MHD rend compte de toutes les
observations dOVNIs. Il y a des descriptions dobjets métalliques flottant
au-dessus du sol, immobile, sans bruit que la MHD ne peut expliquer.
Ny a-t-il pas dautres aspects du phénomènes OVNI qui pourraient
inspirer des démarches similaires à la vôtre. Je pense par exemple aux faisceaux
de lumière tronqués, qui semblent sarrêter net Votre exemple est
amusant car il compatible avec la MHD Nous avons obtenu des faisceaux de
lumière tronqués sur nos petites maquettes. En réalité, il sagit dun arc à
haute fréquence qui résulte de lénergie pulsée envoyée dans lair. Cest un
faisceau de plasma, en fait.
Parlez-vous de vous recherches à vos collègues de travail ? Oui,
bien sûr. La MHD intéresse forcément les gens qui travaillent dans
laéronautique car cest un système de propulsion davenir. Quand elle sera au
point, on pourra faire Paris Tokyo en deux heures.
Et en ce qui concerne la source dénergie de la MHD ? Cest le
nud du problème. La MHD marche en expérimental mais sa mise en uvre pratique
demeure très compliquée. Toutefois, Jean-Pierre Petit a développé à partir du
fameux avion secret américain Aurora, dont on ne sait trop sil existe ou pas,
le concept dun appareil révolutionnaire. Un avion rebondissant sur les hautes
couches de latmosphère équipé dun système MHD qui convertirait lair en
énergie.
Concrètement, il s'agit d'utiliser un système où l'énergie utilisée pour
accélérer le flux en sortie d'un réacteur par le biais d'un accélérateur MHD dit
"pariétal", provient d'un générateur MHD situé au devant de l'appareil. Le
générateur convertit l'énergie du gaz supersonique en électricité, permettant
ainsi de gagner sur plusieurs tableaux : - Une énergie disponible pour
alimenter l'accélérateur MHD situé à l'arrière. - La vitesse du gaz ayant
diminuée après son passage dans le générateur, celui-ci peut être absorbé par
l'entrée d'air sans causer de dommages au réacteur.
"Une véritable chasse au spectre d'Ovni est en cours !"
Autrement dit, un appareil capable dutiliser son environnement pour se
propulser... Cest tout à fait ça. Mais il y a encore du boulot ! En
2010, on a réussi à confiner un plasma à la surface dune maquette daérodyne.
En 2011, nous sommes parvenus à contrôler le plasma pour quil forme les
spirales qui permettent la propulsion de la soucoupe. La prochaine étape
consistera à faire voler un aérodyne plus gros dans de lair dense.
Le manque de fonds est-il un
problème ? On travaille beaucoup avec du matériel de récupération. Mais
avec nos maigres moyens, on arrive à concurrencer voire à dépasser certains
labos officiels. Nous côtoyons dans les congrès des grands laboratoires comme le
CEA (Commissariat à lénergie atomique) ou lONERA, le centre français de
recherche aérospatiale.
En participant à ces congrès avez-vous croisé des entreprises susceptibles
de financer vos travaux ? Des investisseurs non. En revanche, nous avons
rencontré des personnes très intéressées par les dispositifs dobservation du
ciel et détude des Ovnis sur le terrain que nous avons conçus. Des outils de
traque dOVNIs
A propos de la bonnette à réseau de diffraction que vous offrez et que
jai commandée ? Il y a 3000 bonnettes en circulation à travers le monde
depuis que nous avons lancé leur diffusion en 2007. Nous avons commencé à
recevoir des photos de spectres lumineux en 2010, provenant à chaque fois de
sources identifiables avions, lampadaires, étoiles etc. Cest un excellent outil
qui permet didentifier en un coup dil une lumière artificielle ou naturelle.
Grâce à ces bonnettes à réseau, il est aujourd'hui possible de connaitre la
composition chimique d'un Ovni, sa température, et détecter la présence d'un
champs magnétique. Une véritable chasse au spectre d'Ovni est en cours ! (2)
Une équipe de scientifiques détient pourtant les spectres des fameuses
lumières dHessdalen en Norvège , qui ne sont toujours pas
expliquées (voir la vidéo ci-dessous extraite d'un excellent documentaire
sur les OVNIs diffusé par Canal +) Le chercheur qui travaille sur ces
lumières depuis a conclu à partir des spectres quil sagissait dobjets
solides. Mais ça reste très vague. Il na pas rendu public le détail de
lanalyse spectographique. Si nous obtenons un spectre vraiment insolite, nous
le mettrons aussitôt sur Internet.
Lanalyse du spectre lumineux dun supposé OVNI aurait-elle une utilité
concrète pour vos travaux ? Bien sûr ! Si lon saperçoit, par exemple,
quil sagit dun phénomène naturel inconnu, nous disposerions de sa température
et de sa composition chimique. Et si un jour un spectre montre lexistence dun
champ magnétique autour dun OVNI, alors nous pourrions étudier la relation
entre la composition chimique indiquée par le spectre et le champ magnétique et
mettre en place un dispositif expérimental pour tenter de reproduire le
phénomène. Ce serait un formidable moyen de valider ou non nos hypothèses.
Il y un contraste extraordinaire entre le phénomène OVNI, évasif, furtif,
contradictoire et votre volonté de sappuyer là-dessus pour faire de la science
expérimentale « dure ». Comment, vous, de formation scientifique en êtes-vous
venu à vous intéresser à lufologie ? Cest un intérêt qui remonte à
lenfance, nourri par des lectures mais aussi par une observation personnelle à
14 ans. A lépoque, javais été très intrigué. Avec le recul, je me dis que jai
pu faire une confusion avec un avion ou satellite mais ma curiosité a été
éveillée. Par la suite, les études mont pris du temps et jai mis lufologie de
côté. Je suis revenu sur ce thème par le biais des forums de discussion sur
Internet mais jétais un peu frustré par le manque dinitiatives concrètes.
Cest pour cela que jai été séduit par le travail de Jean-Pierre Petit qui
propose des solutions pratiques et peu coûteuses pour travailler sur cette
question comme les bonnettes à réseau ou les stations de surveillance du ciel
comme UFO-Catch.
Cest quoi UFO-Catch ? Cest une caméra de surveillance du ciel
qui prend automatiquement une photo quand elle perçoit un mouvement. Le dernier
modèle comprend une caméra fisheye pour la détection et une caméra montée sur
dispositif motorisé qui permet de suivre lobjet et den prendre plusieurs
photos consécutives avec un réseau de diffraction.
Nous obtenons ainsi le spectre et la vitesse de lobjet. Si le spectre de
lobjet et sa vitesse correspondent à celle dun avion de ligne, alors, il y a
de fortes chances que ça soit un avion de ligne. Ce dispositif automatisé
réalise un tri en amont qui épargne pas mal de temps Prochainement, nous allons
créer un site regroupant tous les types de spectres photographiques fournis par
les stations de détection et les personnes qui disposent de bonnettes à réseau.
Les personnes qui photographient le spectre dun objet lumineux pourront envoyer
leurs clichés directement sur la base de données où ils seront triés et
analysés. Il y a une vraie synergie avec les opérations Suricate que vous avez
évoquées sur Dark Zone. Nous les fournissons en bonnettes à réseau dès quils en
demandent
(1)- Techniques pour avion hypersonique à pontage MHD
- Disques volants à propulsion MHD
- Techniques pour maîtriser les instabilités des plasmas froids en
présence de champs magnétiques
- MHD hypersonic flow control for aerospace applications
- Confinement pariétal par inversion du gradient de champ
magnétique
- Annihilation de linstabilité électrothermique de Velikhov par
modification de la valeur locale de la conductivité électrique par confinement
magnétique
Skylon Reaction Engines Skylon spacecraft would make short hauls into orbit, come back, and be ready to do it again two days later. Nick Kaloterakis
A disembodied jet engine, attached to a hulking air vent, sits in an outdoor test facility at the Culham Science Center in Oxfordshire, England. When the engine screams to life, columns of steam billow from the vent, giving the impression of an industrial smokestack. Engineer Alan Bond sees something more futuristic. Were looking at a revolution in transportation, he says. For Bond, the engine represents the beginning of the worlds first fully reusable spaceship, a new kind of craft that promises to do what no space-faring vehicle ever has: offer reliable, affordable, and regular round-trip access to low Earth orbit.
Bond and the engineers at Reaction Engines, the aerospace company he founded with two colleagues in 1989, refer to the future craft as the Skylon. The vehicle would have a fuselage reminiscent of the Concorde and take off like a conventional airliner, accelerate to Mach 5.2, and blast out of the atmosphere like a rocket. On the return trip, Skylon would touch down on the same runway it launched from.
Bonds Synergistic Air-Breathing Rocket Engine (Sabre)part chemical rocket, part jet enginewill make Skylon possible. Sabre has the unique ability to use oxygen in the air rather than from external liquid-oxygen tanks like those on the space shuttle. Strapped to a spacecraft, engines of this breed would eliminate the need for expendable boosters, which make launching people and things into space slow and expensive. The Skylon could be ready to head back to space within two days of landing, says Mark Hempsell, future-programs director at Reaction Engines. By comparison, the space shuttle, which required an external fuel tank and two rocket boosters, took about two months to turn around (due to damage incurred during launch and splashdown) and cost $100 million. Citing Skylons simplicity, Hempsell estimates a mission could cost as little as $10 million. That price would even undercut the $50 million sum that private spaceflight company SpaceX plans to charge to launch cargo on its two-stage Falcon 9 rocket.
The engine produces incredible heat as it pushes toward space, and heat is a problem. Hot air is difficult to compress, and poor compression in the combustion chamber yields a weak and inefficient engine. Sabre must be able to cool that air quickly, before it gets to the turbocompressor. In November, Reaction Engines hit a critical milestone when it successfully tested the prototypes ability to inhale blistering-hot air and then flash-chill it without generating mission-ending frost. David Willetts, British minister for universities and science, called the achievement remarkable.
The Skylon concept has also impressed the European Space Agency (ESA), which audited Reaction Engines designs last year and found no technical impediments to building the craft. The bigger challenge may be securing funding. While ESA and the British government have invested a combined $92 million in the project, Bond and his crew plan to turn to public and private investors for the remaining $3.6 billion necessary to complete the engine, which they say could be ready for flight tests in the next four years. Building the craft itself would require a much heftier investment: $14 billion.
* * * The quest for a single-stage-to-orbit spaceship, or SSTO, has bedeviled aerospace engineers for decades. Bonds own exploration of the topic began in the early 1980s, when he was a young engineer working with Rolls-Royce as part of a team tasked with developing a reusable spacecraft for British Aerospace. Thats when he came up with the idea of a hybrid engine. But the team struggled to figure out how to cool the engine at supersonic speeds without adding crippling amounts of weight. By the time the plane hits Mach 2 or so, the air becomes very hot and extremely difficult to compress, Bond says. Rolls-Royce and the British government, doubtful that an easy and economical solution existed, canceled the programs funding.
NASA and Lockheed Martin, meanwhile, had their own plans for a fully reusable spacecraft, the VentureStar, intended as an affordable replacement for the partially reusable space shuttle. The VentureStar demonstrator, called X-33 (which graced the cover of this magazine in 1996), was a squat, triangular rocket that would take off vertically and glide back to Earth just as the shuttle did. Eliminating the expendable rockets needed to boost the shuttle into space could theoretically reduce the cost of launches from $10,000 per pound to $1,000 per pound. But by 2001, after sinking more than $1 billion into the project, the agency pulled the plug, citing repeated technical setbacks and ballooning costs. We backed off because we felt it was better to focus our efforts on other, less costly ways to get payloads to orbit, says Dan Dumbacher, NASAs deputy associate administrator for exploration systems development, who spent two years working on the X-33.
The Sabre Engine: How It Works:Air traveling at Mach 5 enters the engine and passes through a heat exchanger. There, a network of paper-thin metal tubes filled with liquid helium chill the 2,000F air to 238F almost instantly. That chilled air flows into the turbocompressor, then into the thrust chambers, where its mixed with liquid hydrogen and ignited to produce thrust for the spacecraft. Courtesy Reaction Engines
With the shuttle now retired, and companies such as SpaceX under contract to resupply the International Space Station (ISS), NASA has doubled down on expendable boosters as a means of sending humans and probes well beyond Earths orbit. NASAs new platform for deep-space exploration, the Space Launch System, will be the most powerful rocket ever built. The agencys focus on space exploration, and the need for big rockets to achieve it, means NASA no longer needs to build its own platforms just to get cargo into orbit. From a pure technical perspective, wed all love to go do SSTO, Dumbacher says. But were focused on making sure we get humans farther into space, and thats an expensive proposition.
Expendable rockets make sense for missions beyond low-Earth orbit. They can haul more cargo and more fuel than single-stage craft. Rockets also offer reliabilityon average, only one out of 20 launches fail, in part because they suffer no wear and tear from repeated use. Finally, rockets come with fewer R&D costs, as much of the technology has existed since the 1960s.
But for routine missions to the ISS, or to park a small observational satellite in orbit, affordability becomes a critical consideration. SpaceX CEO Elon Musk told an audience at the National Press Club in 2011 that private spaceflights would need to follow a model closer to that of airlines. If planes were not reusable, very few people would fly, he said. SpaceX plans to make rocket stages reusable, but there are drawbacks to that, too: While it is possible to recover rocket stages, designing bits and pieces to survive reentry in good working order adds a level of complexity and cost.
Fly anywhere in the world in under four hours. Hempsell says Skylon could potentially make 100 flights annuallywhich, if true, could in its first year recoup the money spent in R&D and construction, leaving only expenses like fuel, maintenance, and overhead. And Bonds engine technology, aside from keeping a launch vehicle intact from start to finish, offers another advantage: supersonic aviation. It could enable an aircraft to fly anywhere in the world in under four hours, says Bond.
* * *
When air strikes an engine at five times the speed of sound, it can heat up to nearly 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit. Bleeding off that heat instantly, before the air reaches the turbocompressor and then the thrust chamber, was the most onerous technical challenge for Reaction Engines engineers. Bonds solution is a heat exchanger that works by running cold liquid helium through an array of tubes with paper-thin metal walls. As the scorching-hot air moves through the exchanger, the chilled tubing absorbs the energy, cooling the air to minus 238 degrees Fahrenheit in a fraction of a second. Bond says his exchanger could handle about 400 megawatts of heat (equivalent to a medium-size natural-gas plant). If it were in a power station, it would probably be a 200-ton heat exchanger, he says. The one weve built is about 1.4 tons.
For rocket scientists, nothing matters more than weight. Each pound you put into orbit requires about 10 pounds or so of fuel to get it there, says NASAs Dumbacher. The challenge with the SSTO has always been to get the craft as light as possible [and generate] as much thrust as possible. Bond estimates that Skylon would weigh about 358 tons at takeoff and hold enough hydrogen fuel to carry itself and about 16.5 tons of payloadabout the same capacity as most operational rocketsinto orbit.
If and when the engine passes flight tests, one of Reaction Engines plans is to license the technology to a potential partner in the aerospace industry. Bond hopes the recent success of the heat exchanger will inspire interest. After 30 years of research, it has certainly inspired him. It represents a fundamental breakthrough in propulsion technology, he says. This is the proudest moment of my life.
This article originally appeared in the September 2013 issue of Popular Science.
Im often asked how I think the discovery of extraterrestrial life might unfold. Questioners usually have two scenarios in mind; firstly, some major and undeniable sighting - perhaps even the archetypal landing on the White House lawn. Secondly, a scenario where the President of the United States makes a live TV announcement and confirms the alien presence, perhaps by admitting that the Roswell incident really did involve the crash of an extraterrestrial spacecraft. In either event, this would constitute the Disclosure that the UFO community dream of and in some cases actively lobby for.
For a number of reasons, while not entirely discounting such possibilities, I doubt that this will be how things actually turn out. Setting aside the potential discovery of microbial life within our own solar system (probably on Mars or Europa), the discovery of extraterrestrial life may come not from ufology, but from ufologys arch-enemy, the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence SETI.
SETI is a privately-funded series of efforts involving the use of radio telescopes to search for a signal sent by another civilization. The thinking is that if viable interstellar travel is impossible because of the light-speed barrier, then communicating via radio signals would be the best and most logical way to connect with other civilizations. The sci-fi movie Contact (based on the eponymous novel by astronomer Carl Sagan) is probably the best representation of the SETI program in popular culture.
To say that ufology and SETI dont get along would be an understatement. Ufologists chide SETI for looking for life out there, when as they believe, its already down here. This segues into the accusation that SETI (like NASA) are gatekeepers of the cover-up and already have evidence that extraterrestrial life exists, but are withholding it from the public. A more interesting criticism came from the counterculture philosopher Terence McKenna, who once said that to search expectantly for a radio signal from an extraterrestrial source is probably as culture-bound a presumption as to search the galaxy for a good Italian restaurant.
As for SETI, its practitioners struggle for acceptance from the scientific establishment. This being the case, they understandably distance themselves from the UFO community and when questions about UFOs come up (as they often do), SETI scientists are overly-dismissive of the UFO phenomenon. The situation is exacerbated by the fact that SETI spokespeople are often cast as the skeptics in chat shows or documentaries about UFOs, creating an adversarial relationship with ufology.
My own view is that SETI scientists and ufologists are looking for the same thing, but in different places and with different methodologies. Arguably, therefore, there is more that binds them together than sets them apart.
However, the balance of power may be about to change. In 2016, construction will begin on a radio telescope known as the Square Kilometer Array (SKA). Receiving stations will be built in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and other nations in Southern Africa. This is truly a multi-national venture, with many different countries taking part in the project, which has its headquarters at Jodrell Bank Observatory in the UK. The SKA will be 50 times more sensitive than any existing radio telescope and will be able to survey the sky 10,000 times faster than is currently possible. Initial observations will be made in 2019 and the SKA is expected to be fully operational by 2024.
The point about all this, of course, is that if theres a detectable civilization anywhere in our part of the galaxy, the SKA should be able to find it. To put some flesh on the bones for the more astronomically-minded, one oft-repeated soundbite is that the SKA will be so powerful, it would be able to detect an airport radar at a distance of 50 light years.
Of course, there is some time to go, and a number of problems still to overcome. One big and undecided question is how much telescope time SETI scientists will actually get on the SKA. They are regarded by others in the radio astronomy community as being on the fringes of science and there will be many other competing demands for the SKA, with scientists hoping that it will help probe other mysteries, including the search for the truth about dark matter and dark energy. These mainstream projects are expected to be the priority.
But make no mistake about it: the SKA is the single most likely way in which well discover extraterrestrial civilizations. And at risk of making a controversial prediction, 2024 is when we might find them.
If we do detect a signal from an extraterrestrial civilization, a number of questions arise. Should we reply? Who should reply? And what should we say? Ill be delving into these issues next month.
Nick Pope is a former employee of the UK Ministry of Defense. From 1991 to 1994 he ran the British Government's UFO project and has recently been involved in a five-year program to declassify and release the entire archive of these UFO files. Nick Pope held a number of other fascinating posts in the course of his 21-year government career, which culminated in his serving as an acting Deputy Director in the Directorate of Defense Security. He now works as a broadcaster and journalist, covering subjects including space, fringe science, defense and intelligence.
AN
EXCELLENT VIDEO.....A PERSPECTIVE ON SKEPTICAL UFOLOGY AND A CASE STUDY....by
Paul Carr (Aerial Phenomenon Investigations Team, based in Washington,
D.C.): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0qM7RisSW_0
The theory basically goes that any civilisation which could evolve to a 'post-human' stage would almost certainly learn to run simulations on the scale of a universe. And that given the size of reality - billions of worlds, around billions of suns - it is fairly likely that if this is possible, it has already happened.
And if it has? Well, then the statistical likelihood is that we're located somewhere in that chain of simulations within simulations. The alternative - that we're the first civilisation, in the first universe - is virtually (no pun intended) absurd.
And it's not just theory. We previously reported that researchers at the University of Bonn in Germany had found evidence the Matrix was less than fiction. That story was by far our most popular of the year - indicating it's something about which you lot have wondered too.
Professor Martin Savage at the University of Washington says while our own computer simulations can only model a universe on the scale of an atom's nucleus, there are already "signatures of resource constraints" which could tell us if larger models are possible.
This is where it gets complex.
Essentially, Savage said that computers used to build simulations perform "lattice quantum chromodynamics calculations" - dividing space into a four-dimensional grid. Doing so allows researchers to examine the force which binds subatomic particles together into neutrons and protons - but it also allows things to happen in the simulation, including the development of complex physical "signatures", that researchers don't program directly into the computer. In looking for these signatures, such as limitations on the energy held by cosmic rays, they hope to find similarities within our own universe.
And if such signatures do appear in both? Boot up, baby. We're inside a computer. (Maybe).
University of Washington researchers have performed what they believe is the
first noninvasive human-to-human brain
interface, with one researcher able to send a brain signal via the Internet
to control the hand motions of a fellow researcher.
University of Washington
University of Washington researcher Rajesh Rao, left, plays a computer game
with his mind. Across campus, researcher Andrea Stocco, right, wears a magnetic
stimulation coil over the left motor cortex region of his brain. Stoccos right
index finger moved involuntarily to hit the fire button as part of the first
human brain-to-brain interface demonstration.
Using electrical brain recordings and a form of magnetic stimulation, Rajesh Rao sent a
brain signal to Andrea
Stocco on the other side of the UW campus, causing Stoccos finger to move
on a keyboard.
While researchers at Duke University have demonstrated brain-to-brain
communication between two rats, and Harvard researchers have demonstrated it
between a human and a rat, Rao and Stocco believe this is the first
demonstration of human-to-human brain interfacing.
The Internet was a way to connect computers, and now it can be a way to
connect brains, Stocco said. We want to take the knowledge of a brain and
transmit it directly from brain to brain.
The researchers captured the full demonstration on video recorded in both
labs. The following version has been edited for length. This video and
high-resolution photos also are available on the research website.
Rao, a UW professor of computer science and engineering, has been working on
brain-computer interfacing in his lab for more than 10 years and just published
a textbook
on the subject. In 2011, spurred by the rapid advances in technology, he
believed he could demonstrate the concept of human brain-to-brain interfacing.
So he partnered with Stocco, a UW research assistant professor in psychology at
the UWs Institute for Learning & Brain
Sciences.
On Aug. 12, Rao sat in his lab wearing a cap with electrodes hooked up to an
electroencephalography
machine, which reads electrical activity in the brain. Stocco was in his lab
across campus wearing a purple swim cap marked with the stimulation site for the
transcranial
magnetic stimulation coil that was placed directly over his left motor
cortex, which controls hand movement.
The team had a Skype connection set up so the two labs could coordinate,
though neither Rao nor Stocco could see the Skype screens.
Rao looked at a computer screen and played a simple video game with his mind.
When he was supposed to fire a cannon at a target, he imagined moving his right
hand (being careful not to actually move his hand), causing a cursor to hit the
fire button. Almost instantaneously, Stocco, who wore noise-canceling earbuds
and wasnt looking at a computer screen, involuntarily moved his right index
finger to push the space bar on the keyboard in front of him, as if firing the
cannon. Stocco compared the feeling of his hand moving involuntarily to that of
a nervous tic.
It was both exciting and eerie to watch an imagined action from my brain get
translated into actual action by another brain, Rao said. This was basically a
one-way flow of information from my brain to his. The next step is having a more
equitable two-way conversation directly between the two brains.
University of Washington
The cycle of the experiment. Brain signals from the Sender are recorded.
When the computer detects imagined hand movements, a fire command is
transmitted over the Internet to the TMS machine, which causes an upward
movement of the right hand of the Receiver. This usually results in the fire
key being hit.
The technologies used by the researchers for recording and stimulating the
brain are both well-known. Electroencephalography, or EEG, is routinely used by
clinicians and researchers to record brain activity noninvasively from the
scalp. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a noninvasive way of delivering
stimulation to the brain to elicit a response. Its effect depends on where the
coil is placed; in this case, it was placed directly over the brain region that
controls a persons right hand. By activating these neurons, the stimulation
convinced the brain that it needed to move the right hand.
Computer science and engineering undergraduates Matthew Bryan, Bryan
Djunaedi, Joseph Wu and Alex Dadgar, along with bioengineering graduate student
Dev Sarma, wrote the computer code for the project, translating Raos brain
signals into a command for Stoccos brain.
Brain-computer interface is something people have been talking about for a
long, long time, said Chantel
Prat, assistant professor in psychology at the UWs Institute for Learning
& Brain Sciences, and Stoccos wife and research partner who helped conduct
the experiment. We plugged a brain into the most complex computer anyone has
ever studied, and that is another brain.
At first blush, this breakthrough brings to mind all kinds of science fiction
scenarios. Stocco jokingly referred to it as a Vulcan mind meld. But Rao
cautioned this technology only reads certain kinds of simple brain signals, not
a persons thoughts. And it doesnt give anyone the ability to control your
actions against your will.
Both researchers were in the lab wearing highly specialized equipment and
under ideal conditions. They also had to obtain and follow a stringent set of
international human-subject testing rules to conduct the demonstration.
I think some people will be unnerved by this because they will overestimate
the technology, Prat said. Theres no possible way the technology that we have
could be used on a person unknowingly or without their willing
participation.
Stocco said years from now the technology could be used, for example, by
someone on the ground to help a flight attendant or passenger land an airplane
if the pilot becomes incapacitated. Or a person with disabilities could
communicate his or her wish, say, for food or water. The brain signals from one
person to another would work even if they didnt speak the same language.
Rao and Stocco next plan to conduct an experiment that would transmit more
complex information from one brain to the other. If that works, they then will
conduct the experiment on a larger pool of subjects.
By their own account, there may be no good, earthly reason for Jim Weiner and
Chuck Foltz to do what they plan to this weekend.
Chuck Foltz, left, and Jim Weiner, both of whom say they were abducted by a
UFO in 1976 in Allagash, are among the participants at the Experiencers Speak
convention.
Tim Greenway/Staff Photographer
A drawing from a book by Raymond E. Fowler drawn by Chuck Foltz shows an
aerial view of the canoe.
There is neither a fortune to be made nor fame to acquire.
Yet on Sunday evening before a crowd of strangers and old friends, the two
longtime buddies will recount in stunning detail their recollection of the
night, nearly 40 years ago, when they say they and two others were plucked from
a canoe on Eagle Lake in the Allagash Wilderness Waterway and taken aboard an
alien spacecraft.
"Number one, we have nothing to gain by this except public ridicule," said
Foltz, 63. "Our goal would be to enlighten, inform and put some type of positive
direction on this."
At the second annual "Experiencers Speak" conference, which began Friday and
ends Sunday at the Clarion Hotel in Portland, Weiner, Foltz and more than a
dozen other speakers will tell their stories of close encounters. Weiner and
Foltz's will be the final presentation, scheduled for Sunday evening, in a slate
of programs meant to provide comfort and understanding for a group of people
whose experiences nearly by definition relegate them to the fringe.
That little of what will be said can be independently verified is of little
concern to the believers, for their knowledge is firsthand, many say.
"The goal is to help experiencers come to terms with what's happening to
them, and get over their fears and get on with their lives," said Audrey Hewins
of Oxford, the organizer of the conference and whose regional group, Starborn
Support, hosts monthly meetings for a few dozen people to help them cope with
their abduction or close-encounter experience.
In the world of ufology -- the oft-marginalized study of unidentified flying
objects and the accompanying foreign beings that purportedly interact with
people on Earth -- the "Allagash incident" ranks among the most substantiated in
the United States.
The case was the subject of a 1993 book, "The Allagash Abductions," by
longtime UFO investigator Raymond E. Fowler, which bills itself as "undeniable
evidence of alien intervention" into human life. The tome is a relatively
straightforward account of how Fowler encountered the four men, interviewed them
and had them undergo regression hypnosis -- a form of guided relaxation that
purports to allow people to retrieve lost or repressed memories.
Through independent sessions of hypnosis performed years after the 1976
encounter, Weiner, Foltz, Weiner's twin brother, Jack, and a fourth companion,
Charles Rak, each recounted slightly different versions of the same, horrifying
story of being used as human test subjects by an advanced, celestial race of
humanoid figures who took them aboard their craft that night.
When they were asked about the experience during an interview Friday, the
voices of Jim Weiner and Foltz did not not waver. Their gaze maintained a steady
intensity as they recalled the brilliant orb of light that first hovered over
the trees. They described a beam of light emanating from the orb and surrounding
them, before they were whisked to parts unknown.
The experience aboard the craft, where they were probed and tested by
four-fingered beings with almond-shaped eyes and languid limbs, appeared to have
taken about two hours, according to their accounts.
But when the experience occurred, the group of four felt no gap in time. Only
later, when a large campfire built to burn for hours had seemingly died down in
a matter of minutes, did they realize they had "lost time," a blind spot in
their recollections that was only filled in later under deep hypnosis.
The steadfastness of their story has not deterred a legion of doubters,
debunkers and verbal assailants, though. They've been called crazy more times
than they care to remember.
Jack Weiner, 61, who suffers from multiple sclerosis and cannot easily travel
from his Vermont home, said in a telephone interview Friday that his experience
in Allagash refocused his career away from the arts and toward hard science and
mathematics. He doesn't care whether people believe his story, he said, and
dismisses debunkers as close-minded and sometimes ignorant of the breadth of
scientific knowledge.
"They weren't there," Jack Weiner said. "I didn't see them there. If they
want to stay ignorant, there's nothing I can do to change them. I know
differently from my own experience."
Rak, the fourth member of the canoe party, has been out of contact with the
group for more than two decades and could not be located for an interview.
But that does not deter Jim Weiner and Foltz, who are both from the Boston
area, from pursuing further study and inquiry into what they believe is a global
effort by world governments to systematically conceal from the public the truth
about the existence of alien life.
The nay-saying crowd, Weiner said, is a product of some restrictive worldview
that cannot possibly fathom that aliens exist.
"What we describe threatens them in some way," said Weiner, who works in
information technology at the Massachusetts College of Art and Design in Boston.
Be it social, religious or scientific beliefs, he said, "the only way they can
maintain a sense of self is by denial or accusation. It's much easier to say,
'Oh, you're making it up,' or, 'Oh, you're crazy,' or, 'You're a fraud.'"
Joe Cambria, who operates the New England UFO Research Organization and a
companion hotline for witnesses to report sightings, said he receives a steady
stream of calls, the vast majority -- as high as 90 percent -- from hoaxsters
and phonies.
"Then that final 10 percent is what's interesting," he said.
Skepticism is a requirement for any serious UFO inquiry, said Cambria, of
Wakefield, Mass. He is even skeptical of the use of the word "abduction."
"People are having (internal) experiences," said Cambria, his voice
rising.
"But kidnappings? Something's been going on out there, and it's been going on
out there since recorded time. We don't have an answer for it, but we continue
to study it."
The conference had a sold-out dinner for 60 Friday night, said Hewins, who
expects more than 100 people to attend the sessions over the weekend.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 73 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
