Neptune’s sudden jolt could explain weird ring in Kuiper belt

(Image: Detlev Van Ravenswaay/Science Photo Library)

BILLIONS of years ago, Neptune made one giant leap. This jump left behind a close-knit group of icy objects called the Kuiper belt kernel, 6.5 billion kilometres from the sun, according to a new study.

The Kuiper belt is a collection of icy planetesimals that sits beyond Neptune. Astronomers estimate that it has trillions of members, including dwarf planets like Pluto – remnants of the solar system’s formation more than 4 billion years ago that have hardly changed since.

Most of the Kuiper belt’s population is scattered far above and below the neat plane in which the planets lie. Members of the kernel, however, stick tightly to that plane and to each other. No one knew why, until David Nesvorny of the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colorado, made a simulation of them.

His simulation rewinds the solar system’s history, showing the kernel’s formative years (arxiv.org/abs/1506.06019). The kernel started life in Neptune’s gravitational clutches, but further from the sun. The planet slowly wandered outwards, and pushed these icy objects with it.

But, when it was 4.2 billion kilometres from our star, Neptune shifted its orbit suddenly, probably because of a close encounter with another planet. The kernel couldn’t keep up: the objects escaped Neptune and remained together, exactly where they were at the time.

Learning more about the Kuiper belt’s composition and how it is distributed can help us understand the solar system’s babyhood and how it matured. NASA’s New Horizons mission, which flew past Pluto last month and beamed us the first-ever close-up pictures of the dwarf planet, will help pin down these details.

“The Kuiper belt is a perfect clue to understanding how the solar system evolved since its formation,” says Nesvorny.

This article appeared in print under the headline “Neptune’s jump left a weird ring of icy bodies”

{ https://www.newscientist.com/ }

30-07-2015 om 22:24 geschreven door peter  

The Dismal Future of Interstellar Travel

I have been an avid science fiction reader all my life, but as an astronomer for over half my life, the essential paradox of my fantasy world can no longer be maintained. Basically, science tells us that traveling fast enough to make interstellar travel possible requires more money than society will ever be able to invest in the attempt.

Einstein's theory of special relativity works phenomenally well, with no obvious errors in the domain relevant to space travel. His more comprehensive theory of general relativity also works exceptionally well and offers no workable opportunity to "warp" space in a way that can be technologically applied to space travel without killing the traveler or incinerating the universe. Interstellar travel will be constrained by the reality of special relativity and general relativity, and there is no monkeying with Mother Nature to make science fiction a reality.

The Daedalus starship (Credit: Nick Stevens, www.starbase1.co.uk)

So the only way to get from here to Alpha Centauri is by the slow-boat method of some kind of kinetic or radiative propulsion. There are many workable ideas, such as ion drives, fusion drives and solar sails. In fact, the all-around best ready-to-go idea is the ion engine, which is an off-the-shelf  technology that has been used on many satellites and several spacecraft so far. With a small but constant thrust applied over months, years and decades, scaled-up versions of these systems could boost small payloads to over 10 percent of the speed of light in a few years, allowing travel times to Alpha Centauri and other nearby stars of as little as a century or less.

The Fly in the Ointment!

Andreas Hein, an engineer with the Icarus Interstellar Project, developed a rigorous method for forecasting the economics of interstellar travel, only to find that most economically plausible scenarios for a "Daedalus-type" mission would cost upwards of  $174 trillion and require  nearly 40 years of development and 0.4 percent of the world GDP. This would be for an unmanned, 50-year journey to Barnard's Star using "fusion drive" technology. It consists of 50,000 tons of fuel and 500 tons of scientific equipment. Top speed: 12 percent of the speed of light.

All plausible interstellar missions require travel times of decades or centuries, which means the complex technology must be 100-percent reliable and/or self-repairing. There can be essentially no moving parts, because friction would create wear and tear over decades and centuries of use.

It is entirely plausible to think about kilogram-sized payloads that can be boosted to near-relativistic speeds very economically, but this is impractical because at the distance of the nearest stars, you need a powerful and massive transmitter that can relay data back to Earth, or what is the point of the journey?  Even a Voyager-class spacecraft with, say, a "souped-up" megawatt radio transmitter could not be detected at Alpha Centauri by the largest Earth-based telescopes, even at data rates of 1 bit per year!  A laser-based system would be highly directional and could possibly do the trick, but it would weigh tons, not kilograms.

One option could be a sophisticated nanotechnology system with a mass of a few dozen kilograms that would arrive at its destination, find an asteroid to mine, and then build from scratch a much more massive system capable of carrying out the scientific investigation and relaying the data back to Earth. 

But the concept of sending humans to the stars makes no sense technologically, or at an economic scale that would interest humanity as it is currently constituted. Even if we were at the brink of extinction, do you really think that 7 or 10 billion humans would want to foot the bill and the decades-long effort to send a few lucky humans on a one-way trip to a distant planet -- that may not even be habitable?

So What Do We Do?

Our solar system is vast, and a big-enough playground for human exploration to last us for centuries. It is technologically accessible to us even today, as the numerous unmanned spacecraft and robotic systems clearly show. There are many scenarios that can be planned over decadal or century timescales that would have human outposts and colonies on just about every interesting body in the solar system, from planetary surfaces and the surfaces of their moons to asteroids and comets.

But is manned exploration the only way to go for now? Absolutely not!

When you subtract manned exploration, which is hugely expensive, and replace it with robotic rovers that relay high-definition images back to Earth, all of humanity can participate in their own personal and virtual exploration of space, not just a few astronauts or colonists. The Apollo program gave us 12 astronauts walking on the lunar surface, a huge milestone for humanity, but today we can do the Apollo program all over again and augment it with  a virtual, shared experience involving billions of people! This is the wave of the future for space exploration, because it is technologically doable today and scalable at ridiculously low cost per human involved. NASA's Curiosity rover is only the Model-T vanguard of this new approach to human exploration.  More sophisticated versions will eventually explore the subsurface ocean of Europa and the river systems on the "Earth-like" world of Titan -- perhaps by the end of this century!

Robotic exploration of the solar system is now in full-swing! (Credit: NASA/Curiosity)

I know this robotic vision of human exploration doesn't match up with the Star Trek or Babylon 5 versions of the future, where flesh-and-blood humans explore the galaxy in starships. As an avid science fiction reader, I too am pissed that we live in a universe where star travel seems permanently beyond reach in any kind of human future that makes scientific or economic sense. But this is the deck of cards that we are dealt. We can pine away for a mythical future of interstellar colonization, but that will be a reality for a future humanity that looks nothing like our civilization, perhaps driven by extinction to help focus the resources toward that goal.

Meanwhile, if you want any kind of space exploration that matters within the next century or beyond, it will be robotic, virtual, and involve billions of people, not just a few very lucky travelers -- so what's wrong with that?

30-07-2015 om 22:14 geschreven door peter  

Researchers demonstrate the world's first white lasers

This schematic illustrates the novel nanosheet with three parallel segments created by the researchers, each supporting laser action in one of three elementary colors. The device is capable of lasing in any visible color, completely tunable 

More luminous and energy efficient than LEDs, white lasers look to be the future in lighting and light-based wireless communication. 

While lasers were invented in 1960 and are commonly used in many applications, one characteristic of the technology has proven unattainable. No one has been able to create a laser that beams white light.

Researchers at Arizona State University have solved the puzzle. They have proven that semiconductor lasers are capable of emitting over the full visible color spectrum, which is necessary to produce a white laser.

The researchers have created a novel nanosheet – a thin layer of semiconductor that measures roughly one-fifth of the thickness of human hair in size with a thickness that is roughly one-thousandth of the thickness of human hair – with three parallel segments, each supporting laser action in one of three elementary colors. The device is capable of lasing in any visible color, completely tunable from red, green to blue, or any color in between. When the total field is collected, a white color emerges.

The researchers, engineers in ASU's Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, published their findings in the July 27 advance online publication of the journal Nature Nanotechnology. Cun-Zheng Ning, professor in the School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, authored the paper, "A monolithic white laser," with his doctoral students Fan Fan, Sunay Turkdogan, Zhicheng Liu and David Shelhammer. Turkdogan and Liu completed their doctorates after this research.

The technological advance puts lasers one step closer to being a mainstream light source and potential replacement or alternative to light emitting diodes (LEDs). Lasers are brighter, more energy efficient, and can potentially provide more accurate and vivid colors for displays like computer screens and televisions. Ning's group has already shown that their structures could cover as much as 70 percent more colors than the current display industry standard.

Another important application could be in the future of visible light communication in which the same room lighting systems could be used for both illumination and communication. The technology under development is called Li-Fi for light-based wireless communication, as opposed to the more prevailing Wi-Fi using radio waves. Li-Fi could be more than 10 times faster than current Wi-Fi, and white laser Li-Fi could be 10 to 100 times faster than LED based Li-Fi currently still under development.

"The concept of white lasers first seems counterintuitive because the light from a typical laser contains exactly one color, a specific wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum, rather than a broad-range of different wavelengths. White light is typically viewed as a complete mixture of all of the wavelengths of the visible spectrum," said Ning, who also spent extended time at Tsinghua University in China during several years of the research.

In typical LED-based lighting, a blue LED is coated with phosphor materials to convert a portion of the blue light to green, yellow and red light. This mixture of colored light will be perceived by humans as white light and can therefore be used for general illumination.

Sandia National Labs in 2011 produced high-quality white light from four separate large lasers. The researchers showed that the human eye is as comfortable with white light generated by diode lasers as with that produced by LEDs, inspiring others to advance the technology.

This photo collage, supplied by the researchers, shows the mixed emission color from a multi-segment nanosheet in the colors of red, green, blue, yellow, cyan, magenta and white. The top dots in each photograph are the direct image of laser 

"While this pioneering proof-of-concept demonstration is impressive, those independent lasers cannot be used for room lighting or in displays," Ning said. "A single tiny piece of semiconductor material emitting laser light in all colors or in white is desired." 

Semiconductors, usually a solid chemical element or compound arranged into crystals, are widely used for computer chips or for light generation in telecommunication systems. They have interesting optical properties and are used to make lasers and LEDs because they can emit light of a specific color when a voltage is applied to them. The most preferred light emitting material for semiconductors is indium gallium nitride, though other materials such as cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide also are used for emitting visible colors.

The main challenge, the researchers noted, lies in the way light emitting semiconductor materials are grown and how they work to emit light of different colors. Typically a given semiconductor emits light of a single color – blue, green or red – that is determined by a unique atomic structure and energy bandgap.

The "lattice constant" represents the distance between the atoms. To produce all possible wavelengths in the visible spectral range you need several semiconductors of very different lattice constants and energy bandgaps.

"Our goal is to achieve a single semiconductor piece capable of laser operation in the three fundamental lasing colors. The piece should be small enough, so that people can perceive only one overall mixed color, instead of three individual colors," said Fan. "But it was not easy."

"The key obstacle is an issue called lattice mismatch, or the lattice constant being too different for the various materials required," Liu said. "We have not been able to grow different semiconductor crystals together in high enough quality, using traditional techniques, if their lattice constants are too different."

The most desired solution, according to Ning, would be to have a single semiconductor structure that emits all needed colors. He and his graduate students turned to nanotechnology to achieve their milestone.

The key is that at nanometer scale larger mismatches can be better tolerated than in traditional growth techniques for bulk materials. High quality crystals can be grown even with large mismatch of different lattice constants.

Recognizing this unique possibility early on, Ning's group started pursuing the distinctive properties of nanomaterials, such as nanowires or nanosheets, more than 10 years ago.  He and his students have been researching various nanomaterials to see how far they could push the limit of advantages of nanomaterials to explore the high crystal quality growth of very dissimilar materials.

Six years ago, under U.S. Army Research Office funding, they demonstrated that one could indeed grow nanowire materials in a wide range of energy bandgaps so that color tunable lasing from red to green can be achieved on a single substrate of about one centimeter long. Later on they realized simultaneous laser operation in green and red from a single semiconductor nanosheet or nanowires. These achievements triggered Ning's thought to push the envelope further to see if a single white laser is ever possible.

Blue, necessary to produce white, proved to be a greater challenge with its wide energy bandgap and very different material properties.

"We have struggled for almost two years to grow blue emitting materials in nanosheet form, which is required to demonstrate eventual white lasers, " said Turkdogan, who is now assistant professor at University of Yalova in Turkey.

After exhaustive research, the group finally came up with a strategy to create the required shape first, and then convert the materials into the right alloy contents to emit the blue color. Turkdogan said, "To the best of our knowledge, our unique growth strategy is the first demonstration of an interesting growth process called dual ion exchange process that enabled the needed structure."

This strategy of decoupling structural shapes and composition represents a major change of strategy and an important breakthrough that finally made it possible to grow a single piece of structure containing three segments of different semiconductors emitting all needed colors and the white lasers possible. Turkdogan said that, "this is not the case, typically, in the material growth where shapes and compositions are achieved simultaneously."

While this first proof of concept is important, significant obstacles remain to make such white lasers applicable for real-life lighting or display applications. One of crucial next steps is to achieve the similar white lasers under the drive of a battery. For the present demonstration, the researchers had to use a laser light to pump electrons to emit light. This experimental effort demonstrates the key first material requirement and will lay the groundwork for the eventual white lasers under electrical operation. t

More information:                                       

"A monolithic white laser." Nature Nanotechnology (2015) DOI:0.1038/nnano.2015.149   

{ http://phys.org/ }                                 

30-07-2015 om 21:20 geschreven door peter  

Mysterious radio bursts from space follow a mathematical pattern

It could very well turn out that the mysterious radio signals that we have been intercepting for 15 years are Alien messages.

It seems that researchers have found out that the mysterious radio signals that they have been received in the recent past follow a mathematical pattern and, according to experts, if this pattern is real as they think, it would mean that these bursts are of artificial nature, produced by otherworldly technology. Does this mean Extraterrestrial civilizations do exist? It's not a certainty, but it is a possibility.

Radio Telescopes across the globe have been picking up mysterious signals ever since the 2000's. These strange "bursts" last only a couple of milliseconds but are extremely powerful, they seem to produce as much energy as our sun produces in a month.

The most recent radio signal detected was the one in 2014. The Parkes Telescope in New South Wales, Australia recorded a mysterious radio burst in real-time. This mysterious signal, like all the signals prior to this, have left researchers baffled. Better yet, all of these signals seem to follow a mathematical pattern.

So what does this mean, "mathematical pattern"?

Well, it means that we have detected 10 fast bursts of radio waves from somewhere in the universe since 2001. The strange part about all of the fast bursts of radio waves is the delay between the arrival of the first and last waves of every burst is always close to a multiple of 187.5 and that is freaky and unexplainable so far. Science cannot explain this as no known natural process can create something like that. 

Its something incredible

Researchers say that there is a 5 in a 10,000 probability that what we are detecting in a coincidence. According to John Learned, "if this pattern is real, it is very, very hard to explain.”

“Beacon from extraterrestrials” has always been on the list of weird possible origins for these bursts. “These have been intriguing as an engineered signal, or evidence of extraterrestrial technology, since the first was discovered,” says Jill Tarter, former director of the SETI Institute in California. “I’m intrigued. Stay tuned.

So what causes the fast bursts of radio waves? Are these mysterious signals caused by a natural phenomena in the universe? If so, how is it possible that they follow such a specific mathematical pattern? But if they are not of a natural origin, is it possible that this is the ultimate evidence suggesting that we are not alone in the universe?

{ http://www.ewao.com/ }

30-07-2015 om 20:58 geschreven door peter  

Underwater Extraterrestrials: Declassified Russian Navy Records Say They’re Real

Unidentified submerged objects (USOs) are not as famous as UFOs although they are often encountered, according to declassified Russian Navy records. The common trait of all USO phenomena is that they involve unexplained and technologically advanced objects, far superior to anything we’ve ever built.

The recently declassified documents contain Soviet era reports detailing many cases of possible USO encounters. Former naval officer and Russian UFO researcher Vladimir Azhazha believes these documents are of great value. One of the most interesting cases he examined involved a nuclear submarine on a combat mission in the Southern Pacific. During the routine operation, the submarine detected six unknown objects travelling in formation at speeds in excess of 230 knots (265+ mph). In comparison, the fastest submarine was the Soviet K-222, which reached about 44 knots (51 mph).

The submarine’s sonar determined the objects were heading straight for it so the captain gave the order to surface. The USOs followed them to the surface then flew away. Similar instances have been reported in the region of the Bermuda Triangle, as retired submarine commander Yuri Beketov recalls. On-board instruments often malfunctioned, indicating the presence of strong interference. Many believe this is a clear sign of USO/UFO presence.

On several occasions the instruments gave reading of material objects moving at incredible speed. Calculations showed speeds of about 230 knots, or 265 mph. Speeding so fast is a challenge even on the surface. But water resistance is much higher. It was like the objects defied the laws of physics. There’s only one explanation: the creatures who built them far surpass us in development,” said Beketov.

Both UFOs and USOs seem to concentrate wherever military operations occur, indicating their interest in humanity’s military arsenal.

Another USO hotspot is Lake Baikal in Russia. The world’s deepest freshwater lake has always had a certain mysterious nature and fishermen tell tales of lights being spotted in its deep waters. Multiple folk tales describe swimmers being dragged down by creatures lurking beneath Baikal’s calm waves.

Another of the Russian documents described the encounter between a group of military divers and several humanoid beings in silver suits. The divers were training in Lake Baikal at a depth of 150 feet (50 meters) when they came upon a group of unknown creatures. The divers went deeper in the pursuit of the humanoids. Three men were killed, while the other four were severely injured.

Vladimir Azhazha believes the issue should be thoroughly investigated. “I think about underwater bases and say: why not? Nothing should be discarded,” says Azhazha. “Skepticism is the easiest way: believe nothing, do nothing. People rarely visit great depths. So it’s very important to analyze what they encounter there.”

source

{  http://worldtruth.tv/ }

30-07-2015 om 20:30 geschreven door peter  

10 Top Secret Military Bases the Government Doesn't Want You to Know About

30-07-2015 om 20:03 geschreven door peter  

Vitamin B3 comes from SPACE: Niacin finding supports theories of extraterrestrial origins for life on Earth

• Supernovae explosions produce vast dust clouds in space that compress
• Layers of frost made of various gases form on these dust particles
• Radiation  powers chemical reactions   producing organic molecules on dust
• Ice becomes part of comets which then deliver organic molecules to Earth

By Jack Millner For Mailonline

Vitamin B3 found on Earth might have been made in space and delivered to Earth on meteorites, according to Nasa.

The vitamin forms part of a chemical compound that is found in all living cells and is an essential building block for life.

The finding supports theories that some of the organic material needed for life had extraterrestrial origins and arrived on Earth on comets and meteors.

  

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The vitamin B3 forms part of a chemical compound that is found in all living cells and is an essential building block for life. Pictured is an artist's impression of a protoplanetary disk which contains dust particles with an icy frost that end up in comets, possibly bringing organic compounds to Earth

Vitamin B3, also known as niacin, is a component of a chemical compound called nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) which is essential for metabolism and thought to be ancient in origin. 

'We found that the types of organic compounds in our laboratory-produced ices match very well to what is found in meteorites,' said Karen Smith of Nasa's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. 

'This result suggests that these important organic compounds in meteorites may have originated from simple molecular ices in space. 

'This type of chemistry may also be relevant for comets, which contain large amounts of water and carbon dioxide ices. 

'These experiments show that vitamin B3 and other complex organic compounds could be made in space and it is plausible that meteorite and comet impacts could have added an extraterrestrial component to the supply of vitamin B3 on ancient Earth.' 

Supernovae explosions produce vast dust clouds in space that then compress under their own gravity, giving birth to solar systems.

Layers of frost - made from carbon dioxide, water and other gases - form on these dust particles just like frost builds up on a car window on a cold night.

Radiation in space powers chemical reactions in this frost layer to produce complex organic molecules, possibly including vitamin B3, according to researchers.

These icy grains become incorporated into comets and asteroids, some of which end up colliding with young planets like Earth, delivering their organic molecules. 

To simulate this process, Nasa researchers created cold space-like conditions in their Cosmic Ice Laboratory at Nasa Goddard.

  

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Nasa researchers simulated conditions in space to try to make vitamin B3 from ice that they then bombarded with radiation. Pictured, the chemical deposit made by Nasa researchers

Gases were released into the vacuum chamber where they froze, then researchers bombarded them with protons to simulate space radiation. 

The experiment produced a variety of complex molecules including vitamin B3.

'Rosetta could help validate these experiments if it finds some of the same complex organic molecules in the gases released by the comet or in the comet's nucleus,' said Smith.  

The study builds on previous work that showed that vitamin B3 was present in carbon-rich meteorites.

In that work the team showed vitamin B3 could be made from a building-block organic molecule called pyridine in carbon dioxide ice under conditions found in space.

The new experiments involved adding water ice to the mixture, with researchers finding that even with the addition of water, the vitamin could be made under a wide variety of scenarios where the amount of water ice varied.

'This work is part of a broad research program in the field of Astrobiology at Nasa Goddard,' said Perry Gerakines, Smith's postdoctoral research advisor.

'We are working to understand the origins of biologically important molecules and how they came to exist throughout the Solar System and on Earth. 

'The experiments performed in our laboratory demonstrate an important possible connection between the complex organic molecules formed in cold interstellar space and those we find in meteorites.'

{ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/ }

30-07-2015 om 19:47 geschreven door peter  

Produceren de mysterieuze witte vlekken op dwergplaneet Ceres mist? - HLN.be

Bron: space.com, io9.com 

Wetenschap  Een nieuwe intrigerende twist in de zoektocht naar een verklaring voor de mysterieuze witte vlekken op dwergplaneet Ceres. De bekende vlekken op de bodem van Ceres' krater Occator lijken een soort van nevel te produceren, die ongeveer de helft van de krater bedekt. Daardoor zou er lokaal een soort atmosfeer ontstaan binnen de wanden van de 92 kilometer brede krater. Dat schrijven verschillende Amerikaanse wetenschapswebsites.

IJs

• Als je de krater rond de middag onder een schuine hoek bekijkt, is het net of de krater gevuld is met een soort nevel, die steeds in een gelijkmatig patroon terugkeert

          Geoloog Christopher Russell

"Als je de krater rond de middag onder een schuine hoek bekijkt, is het net of de krater gevuld is met een soort nevel, die steeds in een gelijkmatig patroon terugkeert", lichtte Russell op 21 juli toe tijdens een presentatie op het NASA Exploration Science Forum. De nevel bedekt ongeveer de helft van de krater en komt niet verder dan de randen ervan. "In meerdere gevallen is de mist teruggekeerd, steeds rond hetzelfde tijdstip."


Er zijn meerdere witte vlekken op Ceres, maar enkel in de Occator-krater werd de nevel waargenomen. Als de waarnemingen bevestigd worden, bestaan de heldere vlekken uit ijs, dat sublimeert tot mist en zo een heel kleine, tijdelijke atmosfeer creëert in de krater.

Russell benadrukt echter dat het nog veel te vroeg is om conclusies te trekken. In een interview na de presentatie was de wetenschapper erg voorzichtig: "Ik sprak op basis van slechts enkele foto's, en mijn interpretatie wordt betwist door enkele leden van mijn onderzoeksteam. Ik wil het debat intern voeren vooraleer we er een verklaring opplakken. Ik heb natuurlijk mijn persoonlijke mening, maar heb niet altijd gelijk."

De Occator-krater met verschillende witte vlekken. De mist werd slechts bij één van die vlekken waargenomen. © afp.

Piramide

Russell maakte nog enkele andere ontdekkingen bekend. Zo blijkt Ceres een beetje kleiner dan onderzoekers aanvankelijk vermoedden: de dwergplaneet heeft een diameter van 962 kilometer, en niet 974 kilometer. Onderzoekers ontdekten ook een berg die 'De Piramide' werd gedoopt. Het massief, 5 kilometer hoog en 30 kilometer breed, heeft een platte top en heeft vreemd gelijnde flanken.

Eerdere werden al aardverschuivingen en bochtige canyons ontdekt, net als gestolde lavastromen en structuren die lang geleden instortten.

'De Piramide', duidelijk in beeld op deze foto die door NASA werd vrijgegeven. © afp.

30-07-2015 om 19:46 geschreven door peter  

What Is NASA's Asteroid Redirect Mission?

NASA is developing a first-ever robotic mission to visit a large near-Earth asteroid, collect a multi-ton boulder from its surface, and redirect it into a stable orbit around the moon. Once it’s there, astronauts will explore it and return with samples in the 2020s. This Asteroid Redirect Mission (ARM) is part of NASA’s plan to advance the new technologies and spaceflight experience needed for a human mission to the Martian system in the 2030s.

NASA has identified multiple candidate asteroids and continues the search for one that could be redirected to near the moon in the 2020s. Since the announcement of the Asteroid Initiative in 2013, NASA’s Near-Earth Object Observation Program has catalogued more than 1,000 new near-Earth asteroids discovered by various search teams. Of those identified so far, four could be good candidates for ARM. Scientists anticipate many more will be discovered over the next few years, and NASA will study their velocity, orbit, size and spin before deciding on the target asteroid for the ARM mission.

The Asteroid Redirect Mission is one part of NASA’s Asteroid Initiative. The initiative also includes an Asteroid Grand Challenge, designed to accelerate NASA’s efforts to locate potentially hazardous asteroids through non-traditional collaborations and partnerships. The challenge could also help identify viable candidates for ARM.

NASA plans to launch the ARM robotic spacecraft at the end of this decade. The spacecraft will capture a boulder off of a large asteroid using a robotic arm. After an asteroid mass is collected, the spacecraft will redirect it to a stable orbit around the moon called a “Distant Retrograde Orbit.” Astronauts aboard NASA's Orion spacecraft, launched from a Space Launch System (SLS) rocket, will explore the asteroid in the mid-2020s.

Asteroids are left-over materials from the solar system's formation. Astronauts will return to Earth with far more samples than have ever been available for study, which could open new scientific discoveries about the formation of our solar system and beginning of life on Earth.

The robotic mission also will demonstrate planetary defense techniques to deflect dangerous asteroids and protect Earth if needed in the future. NASA will choose an asteroid mass for capture with a size and mass that cannot harm the Earth, because it would burn up in the atmosphere. In addition to ensuring a stable orbit, redirecting the asteroid mass to a distant retrograde orbit around the moon also will ensure it will not hit Earth.

Perhaps most importantly, NASA’s Asteroid Redirect Mission will greatly advance NASA’s human path to Mars, testing the capabilities needed for a crewed mission to the Red Planet in the 2030s. For more information, read “How NASA’s Asteroid Redirect Mission Will Help Humans Reach Mars.”

{ http://www.nasa.gov/ }

30-07-2015 om 19:28 geschreven door peter  

Real Picture: NASA Astronaut Snaps Photo of A Triangular UFO From Space

By: Collective Evolution. This photo comes directly from The Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth, a government website operated by NASA at the Earth Sciences and Image Analysis department at Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. They are responsible for training the astronauts in Earth observations, cataloging and archiving the photographs that astronauts take from space using hand held cameras and more. Here is the homepage, as you can see it has a .gov URL and is currently not up to date due to the fact that it’s a government website, and the government is currently shutdown. It’s very interesting that they would allow a photo like this one to be put up on the website.

Source: http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/scripts/sseop/QuickView.pl?directory=ISD&ID=STS61C-31-2

Please keep in mind that a UFO stands for “Unidentified Flying Object.” I am not claiming that this particular UFO is extraterrestrial in origin. Dozens of NASA Astronauts have shared their opinion on UFOs. Dr Brian O’leary is one we’ve shared as well as Dr Edgar Mitchell. Just click on the highlighted names if you are interested in what they have to say. It would be fitting, since they have both been to space and are both former employees of NASA.

For those of you new to the UFO topic, here is a quick introduction done by historian and UFO researcher Richard Dolan. For more articles written by CE on the subject, you can visit our exopolitics section under our ‘alternative news’ tab.

{ http://peacefulwarriors.net/ }

30-07-2015 om 19:10 geschreven door peter  

Bewijst deze ‘UFO boven een graancirkel’ dat aliens achter de graanformaties zitten?

Een ‘graancirkeldeskundige’ claimt dat de mysterieuze formaties worden gemaakt door aliens en dat hun energieën ervoor zorgen dat camera’s uitvallen. Francine Blake zegt dat ze een foto van een UFO heeft gemaakt boven een graancirkel en dat uit jaren van onderzoek blijkt dat de ingewikkelde patronen soms in luttele seconden verschijnen.

Blake is in 1987 naar het zuidwesten van Engeland verhuisd om het fenomeen te bestuderen. Ze zegt vreemde lichten en lichtbollen in graanformaties te hebben gefotografeerd.

Blake weigert te geloven dat mensen de geometrische patronen kunnen maken. Volgens haar is één grote formatie in slechts ‘vier milliseconden’ verschenen. Op het 25e jaarlijkse Glastonbury Symposium zei ze wetenschappelijk bewijs te hebben waaruit is gebleken dat de samenstelling van de bodem, het water en zelfs de planten verandert tijdens het ontstaan van een graancirkel.

De vrouw uit Wiltshire claimt dat een bepaalde energie, die volgens haar camera’s en zelfs helikopters laat uitvallen, verantwoordelijk is voor de vorming van de patronen. Ze zei dat mensen door de kracht van graancirkels soms ziek kunnen worden of flauwvallen.

De ‘UFO’ die Blake kiekte boven een graancirkel (Francine Blake)

Blake zegt bewijs te hebben dat sommige patronen op klaarlichte dag in enkele seconden zijn ontstaan. Ze beweerde dat de formatie van 409 cirkels op 7 juli 2007 bijvoorbeeld in slechts vier milliseconden is ontstaan.

Ze vertelde ook over een graancirkel die in 1996 in een weiland ten zuiden van Stonehenge was ontstaan. “Een hele boze boer zei dat hij naar de andere kant van het weiland was gelopen en 30 tot 40 minuten later bij terugkomst op een nieuwe graancirkel was gestuit,” zei ze. “Hij kreeg 20.000 bezoekers. Uiteindelijk had hij geen graan meer over omdat iedereen een stengel of wat aarde meenam.”

Nick Pope onderzocht UFO’s en graancirkels voor het Britse ministerie van Defensie en is ervan overtuigd dat ze worden gemaakt door mensen. “Sommigen maken de patronen op de computer en gebruiken GPS en nachtbrillen,” zei hij. “Het is onwaarschijnlijk dat een buitenaardse beschaving de halve kosmos doorkruist om hier patronen te maken in graanvelden.”

Blake zei dat in oude documenten meer dan 9000 verwijzingen naar graancirkels kunnen worden gevonden. Ze zei dat de cirkels ook in sneeuw en ijs konden ontstaan. In 2004 zei ze dat een uitzonderlijke formatie in Wiltshire een nieuw tijdperk voor het zonnestelsel na 2012 voorspelde. Vond je dit artikel interessant? Help het dan te verspreiden door te delen op Facebook.

[Express]

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30-07-2015 om 17:52 geschreven door peter  

Wat gebeurt er allemaal op onze maan? { Video ? )

Eigenlijk is het allemaal te gek voor woorden. Een groot kunstmatig object dat pal boven onze hoofden hangt en waarvan wij geen flauw idee hebben van wat daar allemaal gebeurt.

Alleen al de afgelopen week is er een vreemde constructie ontdekt, vliegen UFO’s af en aan en ontsnappen er vreemde “wolken” aan het maanoppervlak.


Wat ook het doel en de functie van de maan moge zijn, een ding is duidelijk en dat is daar dingen gebeuren die voor het publiek verborgen moeten blijven. Vreemd feit is dat wij altijd maar één kant van de maan zien.

De Maan draait om z'n as. Je zou dus verwachten dat we alle kanten van de Maan kunnen zien. Echter, de Maan draait ook om de Aarde. Het blijkt zo te zijn dat de rotatietijd van de Maan precies gelijk is aan de omlooptijd van de Maan om de Aarde. Hierdoor heffen deze twee rotaties, vanaf de Aarde gezien, elkaar op en is de Maan altijd met dezelfde kant naar de Aarde gekeerd.

Voor ons is de meest aannemelijke theorie over het ontstaan en het doel van de maan die van David Icke, die zegt zoals wij schreven in een eerder artikel:

David denkt verder dat de Maan een interdimensionaal portaal is voor entiteiten en energieën uit andere dimensies. Hij gelooft dat buitenaardsen de Maan gebruiken als een thuisbasis om signalen uit het universum te kapen zodat onze lichamelijke verschijningsvorm deze virtuele werkelijkheid niet ten volle kan ervaren op een manier zoals onze schepper dat heeft bedoeld.

Meer en meer zien wij om ons heen voorbeelden dat de grenzen tussen dimensies steeds verder vervagen, zoals bijvoorbeeld UFO's die wolken gebruiken als dimensieportalen.

Wat er allemaal gebeurt op de maan weten we niet, behalve wanneer mensen af en toe vreemde dingen opmerken.

Zoals in het volgende geval van iemand die regelmatig opnames maakt van de maan en opeens een vreemd “object” ontdekt aan de rand ervan, zoals te zien op de volgende afbeelding.

Wanneer je het object verder uitvergroot dan zie je dat het meer lijkt op een soort constructie. Het blijft ook op dezelfde plek en is zeker niet iets dat “natuurlijk” op het maanoppervlak is ontstaan.

Als deze constructie zich op het maanoppervlak bevindt en hij is niet gemaakt door mensen, door wie dan wel?

Misschien krijgen we daar een antwoord op als we kijken naar het volgende beeld. Het is eveneens een afbeelding genomen van de maan, maar in dit geval met een zogenaamde full spectrum camera. Een apparaat met een groter frequentiebereik dan een normale camera.

Dan zie je op de afbeelding twee dingen die vreemd zijn. De eerste is een UFO die, zoals je onderaan in de video kunt zien, aan en uit knippert en het tweede vreemde is een soort wolk die als het ware vanaf het maanoppervlak de ruimte inschiet.

Te zien als een soort lichte wolk onder de cirkel.

Dan alleen al deze week, een vreemde constructie op de maan, druk UFO-verkeer van en naar dit object en het ontstaan van vreemde “wolken” vanaf het oppervlak ervan.

Terwijl wij hier op aarde net doen alsof we gek zijn, gebeurt er pal onder onze neuzen vanalles in onze voortuin. Dingen waar we op dit moment geen weet van hebben en die bij toeval bij stukjes en beetjes naar buiten komen. 

Bron:

Ufo Sightings Hotspot

{ www.NIBURU.nl }

30-07-2015 om 17:46 geschreven door peter  

UFO Sighting: Two Bright Red, Disc-Seen in Colorado

The truth may be stranger than fiction, but sometimes it’s just about damn near impossible to determine the truth, since there is a conflict between observation and theory. What was the purpose of Stonehenge? What was behind the Roswell UFO crash (1947)? Do aliens want to convey something? What is the meaning of crop circle patterns? The list is almost endless. If you are an alien aficionado, you will be able to discover thousands of sightings nearly every day.

A Colorado man reported seeing two bright red saucer-shaped strange objects hovering over his neighborhood in Adams County. According to the testimony, at about 9:15 p.m. on July 15, 2015, a couple who was watching television saw the object when the man stepped out of the house to fix a light. Afterward, he noticed seeing a two bright red extraterrestrial vessels hovering over his neighbor’s house. When he was alarmed, he called his wife. Upon seeing the objects in the sky, she argued that they were airplane lights. Since their house has too many windows, his wife saw red lights and thought they were fireworks. When the man came to the window, he saw the flying saucers flown close to the window. He could see the object clearly.

When the disc-shaped object came closer to their home, it hovered over their house minutes later. The couple was very scared. The wife asked her husband to go out to see the aliens. At that moment, he also noticed the arrival of two Air Force jets. However, the two disc-shaped vessels took off suddenly at “great speed.” According to them, helicopters also appeared during the incident. The connection between the UFOs and military jets is uncertain. UFO enthusiasts would speculate that alien followed the planes for observation and that authorities were unconscious of it.

{http://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

30-07-2015 om 16:47 geschreven door peter  

Exposing The Truth In Osaka: Footage of Ten White Globes Floating In Sky

Videos associated with extraterrestrials and aliens have bombarded the online world. Are UFOs paying visits towards the earth, or is it that individuals are making stories in this never-ending controversy? Extraterrestrials are a controversial topic that many people are quick to hop on opposite sides. Just like the human race, many are oblivious to the truth, thinking that Earth is the only planet within our vast universe that can host complex life forms. Even as evidence comes into the light regularly, people still think as though we are the only intelligent beings in the universe. Would that change their minds when they see the video footage in Osaka?

This bizarre footage being captured is about the ten white circular balls hovering in the sky above Osaka in Japan. A mysterious video has gone viral after it appeared to show in the YouTube video that the ten white globes are moving quickly in the sky. Quicker movement is one of the characteristics of extraterrestrial vessels. It prompts viewers to suggest that the ball is an alien spaceship. According to the viewers, the strange white lights look the same as those spotted hovering above the Hyde Park Blue concert in June. But the strange sighting spotted in London, the viewers said that the lights flew in the sky is for the just brief moment. The Osaka white globes are seen for longer periods compared to the previous sightings in other countries.

Sightings involving extraterrestrials were being reported since then. An amount of them possess even declared that that evidence can be acquired regarding activities with alien lifestyle throughout substantial periods of history. The just disparity from the increase of the sightings of aliens will be that communications have already been boosted over time, linking essentially everybody on the globe.

{ http://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

30-07-2015 om 16:45 geschreven door peter  

Great Photos Of Alien Craft Near Tuscon Arizona

30-07-2015 om 01:32 geschreven door peter  

Daily UFO Headlines 7/29/2015

(Before It's News)

openminds.tv

• Flashing UFOs spotted above Manchester could be ‘start of alien invasion’ – Mirror Online
• Special Report: Montana UFO Investigator – KTVH
• ‘UFO’ sighting over Tucson – Tucson News Now
• Eungella resident: UFO ‘could be Chinese lanterns’ – Mackay Daily Mercury
• What Is the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Actually Looking For? – Discover

30-07-2015 om 01:20 geschreven door peter  

UFO Update – Lights in Japan – Lanterns, Weather Balloons, Birds, UFOs?

(Before It's News)

Politics, Prophecy & the Supernatural

Commentary & Analysis by L. A. Marzulli

This video has been making the rounds and it’s similar to the video that we used in Watchers 7, taken over Mexico City–Thanks Jaime Mausson—and also reminiscent of what flew over the US capital—Washington—in the 1950’s.

When I was in Alabama this past weekend I was up against a crowd of people who for the most part, were not familiar with my material and, in fact, some folks were more than skeptical about the UFO phenomena being addressed in the church.  Frankly who can blame them!  It’s certainly not the standard fare is it?

However, when I was introduced for my second presentation on Saturday night, I received a standing ovation before I even said a word!  Thanks Church of His Presence and all who attended.  I was told by several of the elders that I had hit a home run and armed the folks.  (Cast the crown!)

Something is appearing in our skies and whatever it is, it does so with impunity.  These lights and craft, come and go as they please and nothing on earth can stop them. The video above is what I would call the typical cat and mouse game that has been going on for years.  The objects appear and then disappear. Crop circles appear out of nowhere and no one sees them making them.  People are taken in the middle of the night, against their will and brought on craft, high in the sky and no one can stop these nefarious activities.  These beings implant people against their will and the person who is implanted is powerless to stop them.

However, as I have lectured and stated everywhere I go.  There is a name that these entities will yield to and that is Jesus/Yeshua.  When we were trying to take out the implant in the operating room—we show this dramatic footage in Watchers 8—the object was being “cloaked” in other words what had appeared on the ultra-sound machine only two weeks earlier now had all but disappeared.  One prayer changed the atmosphere in the room and the implant revealed itself on the monitor and shortly later it was removed.  Dr. Roger Leir was especially taken aback by what happened and told me two days later, at SEAL Lab: L.A. I now believe there is a supernatural dynamic to the UFO/abduction phenomena and I’m going to tell Whitley Streiber about it.  

In closing todays post. The disclosure of the so-called extraterrestrial presence is just a matter of when not if.  It’s going to happen and sightings like this are part of the game. This revealing is the ultimate game changer, the mega-lever that moves everyone’s paradigm and world view to accept what I have come to call, The Coming Great Deception. 

The Fallen Cherub has been busy planning his strategy and while some will scoff at this, I have laboriously documented this in my book The Cosmic Chess Match.  (We just printed our 8th printing!)

This book outlines what has happened in antiquity and what is occuring in modernity.  Churches have used it in their mid-week Bible study as it discusses the supernatural events found in our Bibles and how the supernatural will manifest in the last days.

The UFO phenomena is real.  It’s not going away and at some point we will see them manifest openly.  What will you believe?

What was written will come to pass.  What was foretold will unfold.  L. A. Marzulli

L. A. will appear > August 21 -23 – Florida –  www.victoryworship.net https://www.facebook.com/pages/Victory-Worship-Center-Inc/116026038419043

_____________________________________________________________________ New in our STORE! That’s What the Old Ones Say

Untold stories? Untold outside of Ceremonial Grounds, Stomp Arbors, Powwow Grounds, and private family gatherings tucked away deep on tribal lands. I was honored and humbled to be able to sit and learn these old stories from elders hailing from many First Nations tribes. Comanche, Dineh, Apache, Anishinabe, Aztec, Cherokee, Creek, Cheyenne, Lakota, and Mohawk are a few of the First Nation’s whose elders shared their beautiful stories with me.

$15.00 go to www.lamarzulli.net

I read this incredible book, spellbound, in one sitting!  Thanks Chief Joseph.  L. A. Marzulli 

*Additional shipping fee on International shipping may apply

I listened eagerly to these stories that were passed down from generation to generation as understanding filled my hungry spirit. These are stories that were told before missionary contact and I realized with each story that I listened to I had heard them before…not from my tribe but from another ancient tribe who has left an impacting legacy on the earth when they wrote down their stories on scrolls which eventually became the Bible. The Creator planted the seed in my heart to write this book as a way to help build the bridge of reconciliation and healing between people and especially the “church” and Native America. You might laugh, cry, sing for joy or wail from the deepest parts of your soul. Betrayal, love, reconciliation, unity, sacrifice, joy, peace, history, the perseverance of the human spirit and the longing for Creator to heal our land and broken hearts. The same longing for our spirit to be uplifted from the only One who can give Hope in the face of utter defeat and despair. It is time for these stories to be shared with the world and for the prophecies to be listened to once again. Seneco Kakona (Many Blessings) – Chief Joseph RiverWind

This is going to be a great CONFERENCE! Nephilim Mounds 3. Sign up NOW And SAVE!

30-07-2015 om 01:16 geschreven door peter  

Deze ‘onmogelijke’ raketaandrijving werkt echt en kan in een paar uur de maan bereiken

De EM Drive werkt en kan ruimtereizen een heel stuk korter maken, zo hebben wetenschappers bevestigd. Interplanetaire reizen komen op deze manier een heel stuk dichterbij. Door middel van elektromagnetische voortstuwing zouden we in vier uur naar de maan kunnen reizen.

De EM Drive is bijna 15 jaar geleden ontwikkeld door de Britse uitvinder Roger Shawyer, die indertijd belachelijk werd gemaakt omdat men dacht dat zijn uitvinding nooit zou kunnen werken.

Het apparaat gebruikt zonne-energie om microgolven te produceren die in een afgesloten ruimte heen en weer bewegen. Dit houdt in dat de motor in theorie oneindig kan blijven draaien zonder raketbrandstof te hoeven gebruiken.

Star Trek

Het apparaat, dat volgens sommigen doet denken aan de Impulse Drive uit Star Trek, stelt wetenschappers voor een raadsel omdat het in strijd is met de wet van behoud van impuls: de krachten in de afgesloten ruimte zouden elkaar moeten opheffen.

In de afgelopen jaren heeft NASA gezegd te denken dat de EM Drive werkt en deze week heeft professor Martin Tajmar van de Technische Universiteit Dresden laten zien dat het apparaat stuwkracht genereert.

Revolutionariseren

De motor is in staat om duizenden keren zoveel stuwkracht te genereren dan een standaardraket en kan je binnen 70 dagen naar Mars en binnen 18 maanden naar Pluto brengen. Een reisje naar Alpha Centauri, dat nu tienduizenden jaren zou kunnen duren, zal met de EM Drive in minder dan 100 jaar achter de rug zijn.

Professor Tajmar zei dat de EM Drive zeker in staat kan zijn om de ruimtevaart te revolutionariseren. Shaywer zei daarnaast dat hij over enkele maanden een studie in een wetenschappelijk tijdschrift gaat publiceren, waaruit zal blijken dat het apparaat werkt.

Subatomische deeltjes

Wetenschappers hebben nog steeds geen idee hoe het precies werkt. NASA suggereerde dat het iets te maken kan hebben met het manipuleren van subatomische deeltjes in de lege ruimte. Vond je dit een boeiend artikel? Denk er dan aan het te delen op Facebook.

[Telegraph]

© Copyright (c) NineForNews.nl

30-07-2015 om 00:53 geschreven door peter  

VIDEO: Aliens? 10 raadselachtige objecten zwermen boven Japanse stad

Een video die in de Japanse havenstad Osaka is gemaakt toont een zwerm witte bolvormige objecten boven de stad. De beelden, die momenteel het internet rondgaan, veroorzaken speculatie over buitenaards leven en UFO’s.

In het filmpje van twee minuten is te zien hoe de mysterieuze cirkelvormige objecten al dansend door de lucht bewegen. Veel kijkers staan voor een raadsel. Volgens sommige berichten doet deze Japanse UFO-waarneming denken aan de witte lichten die in juni boven Londen zijn gezien. De objecten die in Londen zijn gezien verdwenen al na een paar tellen, waardoor de twee cases moeilijk zijn te vergelijken.

Ufologen die NASA-beelden bestuderen zeiden onlangs nog een reusachtig ‘buitenaards schip’ bij de zon te hebben gespot. In een video van YouTube-gebruiker Streetcap1 wordt één en ander toegelicht. Help deze informatie te verspreiden door te delen op Facebook.

[RT]

© Copyright (c) NineForNews.nl

30-07-2015 om 00:25 geschreven door peter  

Buitenaardse " verkenner " ontdekt op Mars ? ( Video )

Even los van dat er hoogstwaarschijnlijk leven is op Mars zijn wij aardlingen natuurlijk niet de enigen die verkenningsmissies sturen naar die planeet.

Wanneer daar één van onze verkenners rondrijdt in de vorm van de Curiosity Rover kan deze natuurlijk ook een soort collega tegenkomen.


Dat is een beetje de theorie van de maker van onderstaande video.

Op een NASA foto, gemaakt door de Curiosity Rover, is een vreemd rond object waar te nemen dat boven de grond hangt/zweeft.

Hebben we hier te maken met gezichtsbedrog of is het daadwerkelijk een buitenaardse probe? Een soort verkenner die, net als wij, onderzoek doet op de planeet Mars.

Het object is rond en lijkt inderdaad een soort schaduw op te grond te werpen.

Wie zelf de originele NASA foto wil bekijken, kan dat hier doen.

{ www.NIBURU.nl }

29-07-2015 om 23:56 geschreven door peter