Milky Way Mystery: Here's What Caused the Galaxy's Youngest Supernova

The Milky Way's youngest supernova — an explosion of a star that renders it extremely bright — was probably caused by the collision of two ultradense remnants of stars, new research suggests. The epic blast, shrouded in dust, also likely happened even more recently than scientists thought.

The supernova remnant was identified by radio telescope in 1984, and astronomers set out to fit X-ray and radio data to a model that could help reveal what instigated the explosion.

Researchers tracked down the explosion's cause by measuring how the supernova remnant brightened over time, and their technique could be used to better understand the type of supernova in general, called Type Ia — a cosmic blast essential to measuring the universe's expansion. Such supernovas can briefly shine brighter than the galaxies in which they reside. [Supernovas: Amazing Star Explosion Images]

"Astronomers use Type Ia supernovas as distance markers across the universe, which helped us discover that its expansion was accelerating," Sayan Chakraborti, an astrophysicist at Harvard University and lead author of the new study, said in a statement. "If there are any differences in how these supernovas explode and the amount of light they produce, that could have an impact on our understanding of this expansion." 

"Astronomers use Type Ia supernovas as distance markers across the universe, which helped us discover that its expansion was accelerating," Sayan Chakraborti, an astrophysicist at Harvard University and lead author of the new study, said in a statement. "If there are any differences in how these supernovas explode and the amount of light they produce, that could have an impact on our understanding of this expansion." 

The supernova remnant in question, called G1.9+0.3, is the echo of a cosmic explosion whose light would have hit Earth about 110 years ago, the new research suggests, but its dusty home in the constellation Sagittarius blocked its light from 19th century astronomers.

The new research incorporated data from the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory and the Jansky Very Large Array, a radio telescope in New Mexico. Both observatories focus on wavelengths of light that can pierce the dense cloud of dust around the supernova remnant. The researchers examined how the supernova remnant was interacting with the gas and dust around it, and noticed an increase in radiation over time.

Researchers classify Type Ia supernovas as explosions caused by white dwarfs, the superdense cores left behind when stars run out of fuel. But they aren't sure exactly why the white dwarfs explode. Potentially, the white dwarf could have either sucked in too much material from a companion star in its orbit, or two white dwarfs could have slammed together and merged, NASA officials said in a statement.

According to the Harvard team's new model, a supernova remnant's brightening over time suggests that it was formed the second way, through a white dwarf merger. They also concluded that scientists were seeing the blast 110 years after it happened, rather than 150.

"We observed that the X-ray and radio brightness increased with time, so the data point strongly to a collision between two white dwarfs as being the trigger for the supernova explosion in G1.9+0.3," study co-author Francesca Childs, also at Harvard, said in the statement.

The researchers can use their model to figure out the triggers of other Type Ia supernovas, which are thought to let out a consistent amount of light at their peaks. That consistency lets researchers calculate the distance to the galaxies they reside in, based on their brightness. Therefore, more information about how they form, which could affect the amount of light they put out, means researchers may need to recalculate some of the distances found based on the explosions. 

Strange Powerful Exploding Supernova Was Recent | Video

https://youtu.be/x_WDgOYDu6Y

Scientists Find Most Powerful Supernova Ever Seen

https://youtu.be/xz7IkpsAsUU

"It is important to identify the trigger mechanism for Type Ia supernovas, because if there is more than one cause, then the contribution from each may change over time," Alicia Soderberg, an astronomer at Harvard and a study co-author, said in the statement. "This means astronomers might have to recalibrate some of the ways we use them as 'standard candles' in cosmology."

The new work was detailed in The Astrophysical Journal in March.

Email Sarah Lewin at slewin@space.com or follow her @SarahExplains. Follow us @Spacedotcom, Facebook and Google+. Original article on Space.com.

EDITOR'S RECOMMENDATIONS

• Our X-Ray Universe: Amazing Photos by NASA's Chandra X-Ray Observatory
• Know Your Novas: Star Explosions Explained (Infographic)
• New Supernova in Night Sky Captivates Amateur Astronomers (Photos)

{http://www.space.com/ }

05-04-2016 om 23:20 geschreven door peter  

The size of things in our universe runs all the way from the tiny 10^-19 meter scale that characterizes quark interactions, to the cosmic horizon 10²⁶ meters away. In these 45 possible orders of magnitude, life, as far as we know it, is confined to a relatively tiny bracket of just over nine orders of magnitude, roughly in the middle of the universal range: Bacteria and viruses can measure less than a micron, or 10^-6 meters, and the height of the largest trees reaches roughly 100 meters. The honey fungus that lives under the Blue Mountains in Oregon, and is arguably a single living organism, is about 4 kilometers across. When it comes to known sentient life, the range in scale is even smaller, at about three orders of magnitude.

Could things be any different?

Progress in the theory of computation suggests that sentience and intelligence likely require quadrillions of primitive “circuit” elements. Given that our brains are composed of neurons, which are themselves, in essence, specialized cooperative single-cell organisms, we can conclude that biological computers need to be about the physical size of our own brains in order to exhibit the capabilities that we have.

We can imagine building neurons that are smaller than our own, in artificially intelligent systems. Electronic circuit elements, for example, are now substantially smaller than neurons. But they are also simpler in their behavior, and require a superstructure of support (energy, cooling, intercommunication) that takes up a substantial volume. It’s likely that the first true artificial intelligences will occupy volumes that are not so different from the size of our own bodies, despite being based on fundamentally different materials and architectures, again suggesting that there is something special about the meter scale.

If both our brains and our neurons were 10 times bigger, we’d have 10 times fewer thoughts during our lifetimes.

What about on the supersize end of the spectrum? William S. Burroughs, in his novel The Ticket That Exploded, imagined that beneath a planetary surface, lies “a vast mineral consciousness near absolute zero thinking in slow formations of crystal.” The astronomer Fred Hoyle wrote dramatically and convincingly of a sentient hyper-intelligent “Black Cloud,” comparable to Earth-sun distance. His idea presaged the concept of Dyson spheres, massive structures that completely surround a star and capture most of its energy. It is also supported by calculations that my colleague Fred Adams and I are performing, that indicate that the most effective information-processing structures in the current-day galaxy might be catalyzed within the sooty winds ejected by dying red giant stars. For a few tens of thousands of years, dust-shrouded red giants provide enough energy, a large enough entropy gradient, and enough raw material to potentially out-compute the biospheres of a billion Earth-like planets.

How big could life forms like these become? Interesting thoughts require not only a complex brain, but also sufficient time for formulation. The speed of neural transmissions is about 300 kilometers per hour, implying that the signal crossing time in a human brain is about 1 millisecond. A human lifetime, then, comprises 2 trillion message-crossing times (and each crossing time is effectively amplified by rich, massively parallelized computational structuring). If both our brains and our neurons were 10 times bigger, and our lifespans and neural signaling speeds were unchanged, we’d have 10 times fewer thoughts during our lifetimes.

If our brains grew enormously to say, the size of our solar system, and featured speed-of-light signaling, the same number of message crossings would require more than the entire current age of the universe, leaving no time for evolution to work its course. If a brain were as big as our galaxy, the problem would become even more severe. From the moment of its formation, there has been time for only 10,000 or so messages to travel from one side of our galaxy to the other. We can argue, then, that, it is difficult to imagine any life-like entities with complexity rivaling the human brain that occupy scales larger than the stellar size scale. Were they to exist, they wouldn’t yet have had sufficient time to actually do anything.

Remarkably, the constraints of environment on physical bodies also constrain life to be roughly the same size that intelligence requires. The height of the tallest redwoods is limited by their inability to pump water more than 100 meters into the sky, a limit set by a combination of the force of gravity on the Earth (which pulls the water down) and transpiration, water adhesion, and surface tension in the plant xylem (which pushes it up).¹ If we suppose that the force of gravity and atmospheric pressures of most habitable planets will be within a factor of 10 of Earth’s, we will be left within a couple orders of magnitude of the same maximum limit.

If we also assume that most life will be bound to a planet, moon, or asteroid, then gravity also sets a natural scale. As the planet gets bigger, and its gravity gets stronger, the force on the bones (or whatever the equivalent might be) of some hypothetical animal increases—something argued as far back as the late 1600s, by Christiaan Huygens. That animal would therefore need to increase the cross section of its bones to handle the greater force, which increases as the square of the animal size. These bodybuilding efforts however, would ultimately be self-defeating because mass rises as body size cubed. In general, the maximum mass of mobile terrestrial organisms decreases roughly linearly with the increasing strength of gravity. Conversely, a planet with 10 times lower gravity than Earth’s could potentially have animals that are 10 times bigger.

But there’s a limit to how small a planet can get—if it’s too small (smaller than about one-tenth of Earth’s mass), it won’t be able to gravitationally attract and keep its atmosphere. We’re again limited to within a factor of 10 or so of the sizes we see on Earth.

Life also needs to be cooled. Computer chip designers continually face the challenges inherent to removing the heat generated by computation. Living things have the same problem: Large animals have a high ratio of volume to surface area, or “skin.” Since the skin is what’s responsible for cooling the animal, and the volumes are where all the heat is produced, big animals are less efficient at cooling themselves off. As was first pointed out in the 1930s by Max Kleiber, the metabolic rate per kilogram of Earth’s animals decreases in proportion to the mass of the animal raised to the power of 0.25.² Indeed, if this heating rate didn’t decrease, large animals would literally cook themselves (as recently and vividly illustrated by Aatish Batia and Robert Krulwich). Assuming that the minimum observed whole-body metabolic rate of one-trillionth of a watt per nanogram is necessary for a mammal to function,³ we arrive a maximum thermally limited organism size of just over 1 million kilograms, or somewhat larger than a blue whale, Earth’s all-time record-setting animal in terms of size.

One could, in principle, imagine “creatures” that are far larger. If we draw on Landauer’s principle describing the minimum energy for computation, and if we assume that the energy resources of an ultra-massive, ultra-slothful, multi-cellular organism are devoted only to slowly reproducing its cells, we find that problems of mechanical support outstrip heat transport as the ultimate limiting factor to growth. At these scales, though, it becomes unclear what such a creature would do, or how it might have evolved.

The classic Charles and Ray Eames short film Powers of Ten was made nearly four decades ago, but its influence has been profound. It can be connected, for example, to the rise to order-of-magnitude estimation as a standard aspect of the scientific curriculum, and it is the direct inspiration for the design of software mapping applications such as Google Earth.

The impact of Powers of Ten is heightened by the startling symmetry between the narrative of the inward sweep (in which the viewer descends inward in scale from a picnic on the Chicago lakefront to the sub-nuclear scale) and the arc of the outward sweep (in which the view pulls increasingly rapidly away to set the Earth and its contents into the grand scale of the Cosmos).

Were we just lucky, as sentient beings, to be able to sweep out in both directions, and examine the scales of the universe both large and small? Probably not.

Gregory Laughlin is a professor of astronomy and astrophysics at the University of California, Santa Cruz. He is co-author of The Five Ages of the Universe—Inside the Physics of Eternity, and he blogs at oklo.org.

References

1. Koch, G.W., Sillett, S.C., Jennings, G.M., & Davis, S.D. The limits to tree height. Nature 428, 851-854 (2004).

2. Kleiber, M. Body size and metabolism. Hilgardia: A Journal of Agricultural Science 6, 315-353 (1932).

3. West, G.B., Woodruff, W.H., & Brown, J.H. Allometric scaling of metabolic rate from molecules and mitochondria to cells and mammals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99, 2473-2478 (2002).

{ http://nautil.us/ }

05-04-2016 om 23:01 geschreven door peter  

Are We Seeing a UFO Invasion?

Gene Wolf | T&D World Magazine

I live in New Mexico, a state famous for its landscapes, national laboratories exploring state-of-the-art technology and UFOs. That’s right, unidentified flying objects, little green space aliens and flying saucers — the whole enchilada, as we say in the land of enchantment. This affinity for extraterrestrials dates back to the late 1940s when the Roswell incident — a flying saucer crash, dead aliens, a government cover-up and more — thrust New Mexico into the national limelight. Roswell still celebrates the event with an annual UFO festival, which attracts people from around the globe.

My UFO awareness stems from my engineering consulting work. I have a couple of static VAR compensator projects under construction in southeastern New Mexico, so I travel through Roswell every couple of months on my way to check on their progress. It was natural for me to think of flying saucers when an old utility friend told me UFO history had been made in New Mexico. My imagination again jumped to flying saucers while he was talking about the commercialized unmanned flying object.

If only we had the equivalent of CliffsNotes for all the acronyms we use, life would be simpler. We would know a UFO is not a flying saucer and terms like UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle), UAS (unmanned aircraft system), sUAS (small unmanned aircraft system), RPA (remotely piloted aircraft) and DRTD (drones and robotics for transmission and distribution) would be less confusing. The term “drone” covers all of them, but there is a lot of pushback from the UAS suppliers. One friend told me his company preferred UAV; after all, drone is what a politician does when talking. Good point.

Getting back to my friend’s story, he was excited about the latest developments in drone usage. Several years ago, his utility looked into the use of drones on transmission lines. However, like so many other potential users, it decided to wait until regulators, government agencies and the marketplace all got on the same page — especially when the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) decreed the United States was a nationwide no-fly zone for commercial drones in 2007.

Fortunately, proponents of drone technology took the FAA to court, and it was ruled the FAA did not have the authority to make that decree. Now the FAA has to reconsider its no-fly edict and, as a result, has started issuing exceptions permitting specific commercial drone activities, but it is a slow process.

BVLOS Takes Flight

Industrywise, we have many proponents out there who saw the real advantages UAVs offered utilities. These folks kept kicking at that cactus (that is, regulatory) and the bureaucracy’s flexibility is increasing. This brings us back to the UFO story. The FAA issues special drone permits, but they only allow for line-of-sight flights. To be useful for tasks like transmission line surveying or maintenance inspections, drones must be allowed to fly beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS). There is no way an operator can walk or drive a right-of-way (ROW) and keep within visual range of a drone.

That is why the Oct. 25, 2015, New Mexico drone flight became such a historical event and excited my utility friend. It was the first FAA-sanctioned commercial UAV flight using BVLOS technology to take place inside the 48 contiguous states. Previously, the only FAA-sanctioned BVLOS UAV flight testing took place in remote Arctic regions off the coast of Alaska. The New Mexico BVLOS flight brought UAV technology a step closer to applications needed by the power industry.

The flight was part of the FAA’s Pathfinder program. BNSF Railway provided the infrastructure to inspect, while Insitu, a subsidiary of the Boeing Co., provided the drone and the FAA certification to fly it. Insitu used a small ScanEagle surveillance UAV to provide real-time video of a 64-mile survey of a 132-mile section of BNSF railroad track near Vaughn, New Mexico. The 35-pound aircraft flew about 1,000 feet above the railroad track at speeds of approximately 90 mph. It was equipped with a transponder to transmit its location to local air traffic control and a video camera streaming data back to the ground station.

A Win-Win

My friend was excited because BVLOS drone flights are exactly what electric utilities need to fly UAV flights over transmission line ROW. Drones are capable of high-resolution videos and 3-D renderings, but they need the freedom of BVLOS flight. Today’s special FAA permits for commercial drone flights require the pilot to be in visual contact with the drone, which is not easily done over remote and rugged terrain.

This test flight suggests new regulations for BVLOS commercial drone applications ultimately will be approved, which will set off a tsunami of utility UAV applications when it happens. I have rented helicopters to inspect ROW, and it is expensive. Drones will reduce those costs substantially, and they are a lot safer for the utility personnel doing the fly-over.

Let’s begin pushing harder for more flexibility. We need BVLOS-capable UAVs. It would be a win-win for regulators and utilities alike. After all, everyone’s goal is securing a more reliable power grid while improving safety and reducing costs. Flying robots offer the opportunity for that type of technology to take off.

 { http://tdworld.com/ }

05-04-2016 om 22:51 geschreven door peter  

UFO Over Phoenix, Arizona Resembles Walking Figure April 2016, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: April 2, 2016
Location of sighting: Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Source: MUFON #75606

The odd thing about this is that the UFO appears to be a standing figure. Flying aliens have been seen in past documents, but this is one of the first I've seen recorded. I really wish he had filmed a few minutes longer before shutting off his video so we could see how it moves. Its moment would be key to identify it as an entity. Also the distance is harsh on the focus, but this doesn't appear to be a deflated weather balloon. If you live in Phoenix and have seen this, please tell us what you saw. 
Scott C. Waring
www.ufosightingsdaily.com 

Eyewitness states:
I was riding my mountain bike on Javelina Trail on South Mountain in Phoenix, AZ, on April 2, 2016. At approximately 7pm, I noticed an object in the sky that was unusual enough to stop and take a picture and video. The object's size caught my attention first. It appeared to be a solid, vertical cylinder, with an angled, extended tube or pipe attached to the cylinder's bottom. It was drifting east and descending slowly towards the ground. I observed the object for 1 minute and then I continued down the trail for approximately 1 minute to find a better view. I observed the object for another minute before losing sight of it below the horizon. It was twilight and visibility was too low to observe a landing site. At the approximate distance of 2 miles, I estimated its height to be between 30-50 feet. This flight path looked to be within 2 miles of Sky Harbor Airport in Phoenix and I thought it was unusual for any hot-air balloon or leisure craft to be so close to a major airport. I can't think of an explanation for this object. It looked like a deflated hot-air balloon, but it was moving too slow to be a crash-landing balloon. There was no movement from the upper portion, like a deflated balloon might have. The body of the object looked solid and well formed with definite edges. And the angled appendage from the bottom was very unusual. I took a 15 second video during the first minute observation and a single picture. No media from the 2nd viewing location. I had no emotional response to the event, but wanted to capture some evidence to show others. 

{ http://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

05-04-2016 om 22:42 geschreven door peter  

77 Year Old Man Builds Giant Face In Yard To Signal Aliens In California, April 2016, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: April 2016
Location of sighting: Romoland, California, USA
News source: 

http://abc7.com/society/romoland-man-creates-out-of-this-world-rock-art-in-backyard/1271308/

This is the coolest old guy in California, ever since I had moved out of that area. Yeah, I was born in California. Signaling aliens by building a giant face in his yard is very integrating into the alien culture...since aliens love faces so much. This will get their attention. I guarantee that a lot of aliens working among us already heard news about it. 
Scott C. Waring
www.ufosightingsdaily.com 

News states:
ROMOLAND, Calif. (KABC) -- A large alien face made an appearance in a Romoland backyard. Larry Decker, 77, created the massive rock formation with the help of his grandson Josh and his daughter Deb. The family began working on the rock landscaping on Monday, he said, and they completed it Thursday afternoon. Decker said when he lived on a farm in southern Ohio, he was walking to a neighbor's house to get milk when he somehow wandered off the path and eventually discovered a crop circle on a wheat field. He was 10 years old at the time, and since then Decker has been fascinated by aliens, which is one of the reasons he created the otherworldly piece. 

{ http://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

05-04-2016 om 22:36 geschreven door peter  

Hillary Clinton Says She Will Take A Closer Look At UFO Documents, Jimmy Kimmel Show, March 25, 2016, UFO Sighting News.

Date of interview: March 25, 2016
Location of interview: Hollywood, CA, USA

Jimmy Kim Kimmel told Hillary that he spoke to Bill Clinton and Bill told him that he went and checked out those UFO files and didn't find anything. Hillary says that she will take a longer look at the area, which she called Unexplained Ariel Phenomenon, which actually is an older name and 5 years ago a lot of people tried to lecture me about it. Anyways, she says she will release all documents to the public if...and here is the @#$$er you thought would come...if it didn't threaten national security. After that pizza earlier, even my ass would be labeled a threat to national security! WTH??? Everything in existence could possible be a threat to national security! Anything...literally! Anything that reveals alien tech, or the existence of a living intelligent species...how @#$%ing low security is that? So...we are screwed guys, but we all knew that already.
Scott C. Waring
www.ufosightingsdaily.com 

{ http://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

05-04-2016 om 22:33 geschreven door peter  

Launch. Land. Repeat. Blue Origin's Amazing Rocket Liftoff & Landing in Pictures

Blue Origin's New Shepard first landing

https://youtu.be/sij4ivRwHuQ

Space firm Blue Origin successfully launched its rocket for the second time

https://youtu.be/1SwgZXzlSCI

A brilliant column of fire, blasting out the back of a rocket ship, lit up the cool blue sky above the west Texas desert on Saturday (April 2), when the private spaceflight company Blue Origin successfully launched and landed its New Shepard vehicle for the third time.

Blue Origin's photos and amazing video of the New Shepard launch show the rocket heading skyward, where it eventually separated from the crew capsule (although no one was inside). The crew capsule parachuted back to Earth, but the rocket booster used its thrusters to make a graceful vertical landing.

This is the third time Blue Origin has flown this particular New Shepard vehicle, which makes the test flight somewhat historic. The company (which has been using the motto of "Launch. Land. Repeat." for the flights) is aiming to dramatically lower the cost of suborbital spaceflights by reusing its boosters, rather than discarding them, which is what engineers have had to do with nearly every other rocket in history. Check out more photos from New Shepard's third launch and landing here..

For this flight, Blue Origin also had drones following the rocket as it headed skyward, giving some absolutely breathtaking images of the craft racing through the wide open sky, the capsule parachuting back to Earth, and the booster making its incredible landing.

The crew capsule reached an apogee of 339,178 feet (103,381 meters). That's 64.2 miles (103.4 kilometers), just above the 62-mile (100 km) altitude regarded as the boundary of space.

"We pushed the envelope on this flight, restarting the engine for the propulsive landing only 3,600 feet [1097 meters] above the ground, requiring the BE-3 engine to start fast and ramp to high thrust fast," the company said in a blog post yesterday (April 3).

The private spaceflight company SpaceX is hot on Blue Origin's heels with its reusable rocket booster, which has also made successful vertical landings. SpaceX's rocket can send spacecraft to orbital altitudes above the Earth.

Follow Calla Cofield @callacofield. Follow us @Spacedotcom, Facebook and Google+. Original article on Space.com.

EDITOR'S RECOMMENDATIONS

• Blue Origin Rocket Comes In Hot, Nails Landing | Video
• Poll: Would You Ride Blue Origin's New Shepard Spacecraft?
• 'Roomy' Blue Origin Capsule Provides Incredible Space Tourist Experience | Animation
• Photos: Glimpses of Secretive Blue Origin's Private Spaceships

{ http://www.space.com/ }

05-04-2016 om 18:05 geschreven door peter  

By: David Russell Schilling 

Horizontal Gantry from Base,Gemini Titan Complex 19,C

In a new book, “Abandoned in Place” by Roland Miller, now defunct US aerospace facilities are described as “lonely launchpads” and “rusted rockets” leftover from the heyday of US space exploration and competition with the former Soviet Union.

Although many of these facilities contain environmentally hazardous pollution including toxic rocket fuel components and tainted soil and groundwater, they are a testament to an earlier age of great innovation and advancement.

According to Miller:

Abandoned In Place is a photographic exploration of the American space-launch and research facilities that played a crucial role in the early period of space exploration. The project serves not only as a documentary body of work, but also as an artistic interpretation of these historic sites. A unique combination of documentary, abstract, and hybrid images allows Abandoned In Place to be viewed from many perspectives. The exhibition records a vanishing era in both the space race and the cold war. The temporal nature of life is evident in views of decaying sites which once captured the attention of the entire world.

The facilities photographed in Abandoned In Place portray one of the most historic and technical adventures of the last century–from our first unmanned flights beyond the atmosphere to landing men on the moon. A sense of the urgency of the space race is evident in many of the images. Signs and labels in the images reflect the technology of the era. The structures depicted also recall the darker threat of nuclear war. Some of the images describe a future that could have been if the cold war had heated up. These launch complexes, engine test stands, and wind tunnels are the Bunker Hill and Gettysburg of the cold war. References to the Great Pyramids, Chichen Itza, Stonehenge, and other major archeological sites foreshadow the future of these modern ruins.

The goals of this project are to preserve and portray these abandoned sites through photography that surpasses the official government approach to documentation, and to lend some social, historic, and artistic insight to the subject.

One of the unique aspects of Abandoned In Place is the combined utilization of documentary and abstract approaches to the subject. This blended approach helps tell a more complete story of the effort to begin exploring space. The serendipity of juxtaposed objects and text on signs conveys a subtext beyond the documentary objectives of the work.”

The following images by Roland Miller are part of his new book “Abandoned in Place.”

Launch Site with Hermes A-1 Rocket,Launch Complex 3

Launch Ring, Apollo Saturn Complex 34, Cape Canaveral

Apollo Saturn F1 Engine Cluster Diptych,NASA Johnson S

Saturn V Rocket moving to the Saturn V Center with Vehi

Control Panels/Computers, Blockhouse,Redstone Complex

Horizontal Gantry from Base,Gemini Titan Complex 19,C

Fan Motor Housing,7 X 10 Foot Wind Tunnel,NASA Langl

David Russell Schilling

David enjoys research and writing about cutting edge technologies that hold the promise of improving conditions for all life on planet earth.

{ http://www.industrytap.com/ }

05-04-2016 om 17:48 geschreven door peter  

Alien spacecraft are strange. If decades of popular culture, eye-witness reports, and conspiracies are to be believed, most extraterrestrial whips are flying saucers. There is a dome on top and some landing gear below. There are pictures. The most famous may be the one above the words “I Want To Believe.”

These traditional UFOs clearly work in different ways than human aircraft. Though mankind has fiddled with saucer-shaped planes and rockets in the past, we’ve never succeeded at making them work. We don’t know how to do that within the bounds of physics. No, this doesn’t mean that flying saucers aren’t real. It simply means that they don’t make sense within a model of physics we’ve created. That said, neither does interstellar travel. So consistency, at least, is not a problem.

A lot of genuine scientific inquiry has gone into explaining the physics of flying saucers and other unidentified flying objects. Famously, William Markowitz made the case that UFO reports must be wrong in a 1967 article in Science. “Some people claim that nothing is impossible,” he wrote. “This is not so. The laws of mathematics and physics, if accepted, do provide limitations on what can be done.”

Markowitz detailed not only the difficulties of propelling a spacecraft through interstellar space, but also of gently landing and taking off again on the Earth’s surface, as UFOs are reported to do.

If an extraterrestrial spacecraft is to land nondestructively and then lift off it must be able to develop a thrust slightly less than its weight on landing, and twice its weight for an acceleration of 1g of lift-off. This requirement forms a critical test for comparing UFO reports with physical theory. The published reports generally describe objects about 5 to 100 meters in diameter, which land and lift off without the use of launching pads and gantries. No similarity to the giant undertaking of a launching from Cape Kennedy has ever been reported. If nuclear energy is used to generate thrust, then searing of the ground from temperatures of 85,000 degrees C should result, and nuclear decay products equivalent in quantity to those produced by the detonation of an atomic bomb should be detected. This has not happened.

The flying saucer is the UFO that rules our imaginations.

If you want to deny physics, fine, he concludes, just don’t pretend that’s not what you’re doing.

We can reconcile UFO reports with extraterrestrial control by assigning various magic properties to extraterrestrial beings. These include “teleportation” (the instantaneous movement of material bodies between planets and stars), the creation of “force-fields” to drive space ships, and propulsion without reaction. The last of these would permit a man to lift himself by his bootstraps. Anyone who wishes is free to accept such magic properties, but I cannot.

Despite this and many other scientific denouncements of the UFO, efforts to recreate its properties have been numerous. For decades, great scientific minds and research organizations have funnelled money and time into the holy grail of UFO technology — a round, hovering aircraft without moving parts or fuel. No major discoveries have, so far, resulted.

A little bit of research might have saved the effort. The whole concept of the flying saucer, as it turns out, was an accident — a clerical error. The flying saucer entered the public imagination thanks to a 1947 Chicago Sun article with the headline, “Supersonic Flying Saucers Sighted By Idaho Pilot.” The pilot, Kenneth Arnold, reported seeing nine shiny UFOs from his plane, traveling an estimated 1,200 miles per hour.

Kenneth Arnold points to a drawing of the UFO he saw.

Here’s the thing, though. Arnold never described them as saucer-shaped. He said they flew erratically, ”like a saucer if you skip it across the water.” Their shape was more like a boomerang or crescent. The headline-writer got it wrong, but it was too late to take it back. The news was all over the country, and all of a sudden people were spotting flying saucers all over the place.

Today most experts suspect Arnold had seen a flock of birds, and a trick of the eye made him overestimate their distance from him, and therefore their size and speed. But the idea of the flying saucer has stuck. Humankind will not rest until it builds the UFO of our fantasies.

Photos via The Glumpers / YouTube and Public Domain / LiveScience and DammitKarissa / Flickr

{ https://www.inverse.com/ }

05-04-2016 om 17:33 geschreven door peter  

Mysterious Object That Came Out of a Black Hole Has Just Been Measured

Recently a mysterious object redefined everything we thought we knew about black holes. First of all black holes are supposed to suck everything into them, even light. Secondly, the gravity is so strong that it was believed that nothing in the known universe could come out of a black hole.  

That all changed when NASA announced that something very large exited a black hole.

So what exactly happened?  Well as two of NASA’s space telescopes, which included the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array or (NuSTAR) for short, were observing this particular black hole, a large object very suddenly “launched” itself away from the middle or “corona” of the black hole. Right after this remarkable event a massive pulse of X-ray energy spewed forth from the corona.  This event seems to have the scientists of earth completely baffled.  

To Fiona Harrison, who is the principal investigator for NuSTAR, made a strong note saying that this type of phenomenon is unheard of and completely changes what we originally thought about how black holes function. Luckily with the level of technology that we as a race have been able to achieve, we were able to record this event. The data from this should provide now, some much-needed clues to just how black holes function and how they are structured.

Saint Mary’s universities, Dan Wilkins says that,

“This is the first time we have been able to link the launching of the corona to a flare.  “This will help us understand how supermassive black holes power some of the brightest objects in the universe.”

The Milky way is immense, and in a region of our galaxy that is simply called Sagittarius A* has been generating a range of flares just about every 10 days or so. Since the passing of this past year, the activity of these flares has drastically increased, to the point of nearly every day.  You may be wondering just what that means. Well, let’s look into the research from the astronomers to see just what they have been able to put together.

Utilizing the resources that the astronomers currently have at their disposal, which is 3 huge space telescopes, they have been able to piece together an extremely fascinating cosmic connection to these flares.

Gabriele Ponti, who is from the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics located in Germany, made this interesting comment pertaining to the flares,

“For several years, we’ve been tracking the X-ray emission from Sgr A*. This includes also the close passage of this dusty object.  A year or so ago, we thought it had absolutely no effect on Sgr A*, but our new data raise the possibility that that might not be the case.”

So in short, it seems that we have been able to observe a phenomenon that has completely changed how we thought black holes functioned.  An object actually exited the corona of the black hole and afterwards a flare of x-ray energy followed suit, leaving us completely baffled.

Just recently a team of researchers were able to measure the mysterious object

With the participation of the University of Granada, a team of researchers have been able to type of structure in the vastness of our solar system, despite it being more than five billion light-years away from the little blue planet we call home.

Just to put this achievement into a different perspective, our galaxy is huge and we have been able to find an object that emits an enormous amount of energy, so much so its energy can be compared to the total energy that is emitted by the entire galaxy.

The researchers were able to achieve this feat, by using the so-called gravitational microlensing effect, which is an incident that is caused by the stars that belong to our galaxy can be utilized to magnify other tiny regions in the quasar that contains this object.

Also, through this process the researchers have been able to measure the innermost edge of the disk of matter or what they call the (accretion disk) that is orbiting around this particular quasar that is called Q2237+0305, which doesn’t necessarily roll off the tongue very well, so another name it goes by is called “Einstein Cross”.  Throughout the study of the changes in the type of brightness of the four images of the said quasar.

Researcher from the UGR department of Theoretical Physics and Cosmology, Jorge Jiménez Vicente, explains that,

“the breakthrough of this work has been that we’ve been able to detect a structure in the inner edge of such a small disk at such a great distance, thanks to the gravitational microlensing effect. It would be the equivalent to detecting an Euro coin at a distance of more than 100000 kilometers.”

In our galaxy, only 1 in every 500 quasars is generally affected at all by the gravitational microlensing effect.  The information that astronomers have gained from this incident will be quite useful in helping us to understand the quasars, which may be essential to helping us understand just how our galaxy was born and even evolved.

“the possibility of detecting high magnification events caused by the gravitational microlensing effect could be applied to thousands of quasars.” -Vicente

When you think about how huge this object is it really makes us wonder what it could possibly be. Let us know in the comment below what theories you have about the object.

Sources-

www.sciencedaily.com

news.discovery.com

www.blastr.com

Image Credit: news.softpedia.com

{ http://themindunleashed.org/ }

05-04-2016 om 17:24 geschreven door peter  

GRAY ALIEN GEFILMD IN PERU  ( VIDEO )

05-04-2016 om 17:10 geschreven door peter  

Oregon 1999 UFO Sighting

Location: Bandon, Oregon
Date: Sept 1999
Submitted by Kim

Witness report: I thought I would share my story, I don’t have any photos or video.
What I saw was actually inside my house. ..
I was sound asleep and I was woken up very suddenly, I looked over and it was exactly 2 am on my clock, I was not sure what had woken me up but it was very quiet and dark in my room then I noticed a bluish light shining from the direction of the living room I was thinking that’s odd and started to reach for my gun in my nightstand, I was thinking there was an intruder in my house with a flashlight, my children’s bedrooms were on the opposite side of the hall and my younger sons room was closest to the living room.
I started to lean up with my gun in hand and was preparing it get out of bed as the light got brighter like it was coming down the hallway then it went dim like it went into my son’s room. .so I’m thinking oh S*#t I’m going to have to shoot someone! I was getting really scared at that point, my husband was sound asleep next me but I didn’t have time to wake him as it got brighter again like it was coming towards my room… I thought thats odd because I could not hear any footsteps??
As sitting on my bed with one foot on the floor and gun pointed at the door that was when I saw it… wow..
My brain didn’t know how to process what I was looking at, I sat there frozen with my gun pointed at it..
It was a Ball of pure energy pulsing floating up by the ceiling. It was as wide as my hallway roughly and kind of pancaked I watched as it moved into my other sons room just inside his doorway across the hall from my room …it probably was only in his room less than a min.
Then it came across into my room and I sat frozen just staring at it ..it Was beautiful, alive pulsing
It reminded me of one of those glass lightning balls but with no glass around in ..it was multicolored towards the center reds, oranges, greens with pulsing energy fingers radiating out to a brilliant blue .
It mostly blue light that it radiated.
I’m not sure how long it was actually in my house..it seemed curious and oddly enough I was not scared of it…
It was like it realized I was looking at it pulsed really bright all of a sudden left my room back into the hallway the took off like a bolt of lighting back down the hall and was gone.
So here I am sitting in the dark stunned, I got up turned on the lights checked my children who were still sound asleep. .I woke my husband and ran around like a mad woman checking all doors and windows. Everything was locked up tight..whatever it was was able to go right thru my living room wall..the wall in direction it went had two big windows.

I have spent years searching the Internet to see if anyone else had seen one up close but so far I have not heard of anyone else. The closest discription I could find was the blue lights that guided ships into port during Stormy seas.. it was probably one of the most Beautiful things I have ever seen in my life.
Whatever it was was able to navigate the halls in my house and appeared to concious of its surroundings.

I really wish I had pictures to share

{  http://reports.latest-ufo-sightings.net/  } 

05-04-2016 om 16:58 geschreven door peter  

UFO video from Sweden

Location: Sweden, Partille
Date: 2016-03-31
Submitted by Tony

Witness report: --

{ http://reports.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

05-04-2016 om 16:54 geschreven door peter  

Bright UFO over LA

Location: Leesville,La in front yard
Date: 3/28/16 and 4/4/16
Submitted by Roland

Witness report: The first time I was exiting car after work and saw flashing colorful lights in sky went inside grabbed camera and took photos and video on the second time I wait until dark and there it was again

{ http://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/category/latest-posts }

05-04-2016 om 16:48 geschreven door peter  

Area 51 Files Will Be Disclosed After Presidential Election

Presidential hopeful Hillary Clinton has been expressing her commitment to open up the files on the secretive Area 51 as much as possible.

Appearing on a talk show hosted by Jimmy Kimmel, the Democrat presidential candidate said anew about her dedication to go through the hidden files and expose anything that would not pose a national security risk. If there’s nothing there, Hillary will also let the people know that there’s nothing there.

According to Mr Kimmel, he had spoken to Bill Clinton about looking through the Area 51 files, but the former president said that he did not find anything in the secret facility that was interesting.

Hillary responded to Mr Kimmel and promised to do it again. She stated that she would work to disclose anything interesting be it alien or otherwise. She told Mr Kimmel that they should share anything there with the public unless it’s a threat to national security.

Hillary Clinton’s platform has targeted young American voters, and she already made the promise about making Area 51 files to become publicly available in January should she be elected.

Bill Clinton confirmed that a lot of American stealth technology is made in Area 51, but there were no aliens when he checked as president.

Do you believe her?

{ http://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/category/latest-posts }

05-04-2016 om 16:44 geschreven door peter  

BREAKING: Army scientists successfully ' teleport ' Soldiers

NATICK, Mass. (April 1, 2016) -- Army scientists have successfully "teleported" a fully equipped squad from a Massachusetts research and development facility to a training area in Germany, the Natick Soldier Systems Center (NSSC) announced today.

 

The nine human research volunteers, fresh out of Advanced Individual Training, were participating in experiments in the Doriot Climatic Chambers at NSSC when they disappeared and moments later materialized at the Grafenwoehr Training Area, completely unharmed. The chambers are capable of replicating any climate or weather in the world but have never before been used in this manner.

 

Teleportation, made famous in the "Star Trek" television series and movies, had been -- until what the Army is calling the "Natick incident" -- a hypothetical way of moving objects from place to place. American writer Charles Fort is reported to have coined the word in 1931.

 

 

Officials at Natick were elated by the event, which promises to one day revolutionize the way that American troops and equipment are transported around the globe. It also could ultimately make overseas bases obsolete as forces are instead moved from U.S. soil to remote trouble spots in the blink of an eye.

 

"No one is more impressed by this than I am," said Benjamin Storm, who manages the 61-year-old climatic chambers at Natick. "One moment, I was chatting with the young Soldiers, and the next, they all vanished into thin air."

 

The Soldiers were dressed in combat gear for the revolutionary experiment and being monitored by Storm and his colleagues when they were sent from one continent to the other. Still photographs of the event were captured in the chambers and have been released by the Army.

 

After thorough medical examinations at an Army hospital, they were flown back to the U.S. and returned to duty at Natick.

 

"It's one thing to see Captain Kirk or Mr. Spock do it at the movies, but it's another to have it happen to you in real life," said Pvt. Kelley McCoy, one of the teleported Soldiers. "I felt a little tingling and the next thing you know, I'm in Bavaria. I always wanted to visit Europe, but I figured that I'd go by plane."

 

Storm and other Natick researchers are now poring over mountains of data from the development in hopes of replicating it. Meanwhile, the Army quickly established a Teleportation Study Task Force, which will be based at Natick. Leading scientists from private industry and academia worldwide are converging on the chambers to lend whatever assistance they can.

 

According to Storm, a device not unlike the "flux capacitor" seen in the "Back to the Future" movie series was employed during the experiment. This led to immediate speculation that the Army was also working on time travel, but time travel requirements of generating 1.21 gigawatts is no trivial feat. 

 

"We're only concerned with place, not time," said Storm, a twinkle in his eye. "This development could change the entire course of human history."

 

The Task Force expects to report its initial findings by April 1, 2017.

 

http://www.army.mil

{ http://7tales.net/index.php }

/// Peter2011 :  Ik hoop dat dit geen aprilgrap is en dat het echt zo gebeurd is! Het klinkt wel ongeloofwaardig  en scienfictionachtig ... ///

05-04-2016 om 13:57 geschreven door peter  

Tourist Accidentally Captures UFO Near Empire State Building, New York, April 2016, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: April 2, 2016
Location of sighting: New York, New York, USA
Source: MUFON #75586

This UFO was captured in NYC this week, and for this UFO to have been so close to the Empire State Building it had to have been cloaked. Aliens have a high interest in how we try to persevere our old culture, and this building is a prime example of what they would like to see. 
Scott C. Waring
www.ufosightingsdaily.com 

Eyewitness states:
Hi my names "D" from the UK im visiting NYC with my girlfriend and have just been looking back through my previous days photos and seen this. Don't know what it is, but looks freaky! Hopefully you guys can sharpen the pic up and tell me what it is. In one of the pics ive tryed to zoom in and put some filters on it to see if it shows anything different... but ive sent the original also.

{ http://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

05-04-2016 om 13:43 geschreven door peter  

Spinning UFO Caught With Infrared Camera Over Australia On April 4, 2016, UFO Sighting News

Date of sighting: April 4, 2016
Location of sighting: Mudgee, Australia

This is ColourUFO of Youtube. He works daily on catching UFOs flying over Australia and has been on Australian News with his extraordinary catches. I want one of these cameras so bad. His Canon HD converted IR camera is amazing!
Scott C. Waring
www.ufosightingsdaily.com 

Eyewitness states: 
This spinning Object shape was Triangle shape.I am was very lucky. The time was 4./34. Pm.Never saw the UFO this clearly and this large through the camera.How this object spinning Tumbling.The camera was used: CANON.X.A.2. Full H D camera with I R. 850. infra red optical filter fitted.

{ http://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

05-04-2016 om 13:40 geschreven door peter  

Did Iranian Air Force Encounters UFOs?

Iranian Air Force apparently tried to shoot down aerial objects that have unique features, not normally found in any known aircraft. The news was featured not in a conspiracy website but in a Combat Aircraft Monthly article published in October 2013. Combat Aircraft Monthly is a magazine of military aviation that has some well-respected writers.

The news also came out in an article on Iranian F-14 Tomcat fighters. It was written by Babak Taghvaee, who is a respected writer on the Iranian Air force. In the article, Taghvaee narrates how Iran tried to intercept UFOs overflying its nuclear facilities.

According to Taghvaee’s write up, Iran describes the UFOs as luminous objects and Iranians believe that the mysterious objects were emitting light to enable photography even at night. Iranians recount that the UFOs have astonishing flight characteristics such as the ability to fly beyond the atmosphere with maximum speed of Mach 10 and minimum of zero. They can hover above the target and use advanced ECM to jam enemy’s radars and eventually disrupt navigation systems.

In November 2004, it was reported that Iranian F-14 Tomcat attempted to lock its radar on to a luminous object over the Arak nuclear facility but the radar beam was disrupted. According to the pilot’s description, the object was spherical with green afterburner that created a considerable amount of turbulence behind it. The UFO flew at tremendous speed and disappeared like a meteor, according to the article.

In January 2012, an F-14 tried again to intercept an intruder moving above the Bushehr nuclear power plant. The tale took a deadly turn as seconds after take-off, the F-14 exploded and killed both crewmen. The tragedy’s cause is still unknown.

How fast is Mach 10? It is ten times the speed of sound or 7,612 miles per hour. So, what known aircraft can fly such tremendous speed? The closest known aircraft that can fly close to that speed was the NASA’s experimental hypersonic aircraft called as X-43, which flew at Mach 9.68 in 2004 but the project was terminated. The program was resurrected as the Air Force X-51 but the aircraft only flew at Mach 5 in less than four minutes before it plunged into the Pacific last May.

{ http://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

05-04-2016 om 13:31 geschreven door peter  

Iran Air Force Vs UFO

This UFO incident gathers civilians, pilots, generals and the Air Force radar itself who witnessed an unidentified flying object in the skies of Tehran (capital of Iran) on the night of September 19, 1976.

{ http://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

05-04-2016 om 13:28 geschreven door peter