Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 13 YEARS AND 1 MONTH.
ON 06/07/2024 MORE THAN 2.101.500
VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
16-06-2016
Dwarf planet discovery hints at a hidden Super Earth in solar system
Dwarf planet discovery hints at a hidden Super Earth in solar system
Orbits sun at greater distance than any other known object
• 2012 VP 113 may be shepherded by unseen planet • Discovery team call it VP, or ‘Biden’ after US vice president
Astronomers have increased the size of the observable solar system after spotting a 450-km wide object orbiting the sun.
The lump of ice and rock circles the sun at a greater distance than any known object, and never gets closer than 12bn kilometres – 80 times the distance from Earth to the sun.
If its size is confirmed it could qualify as a dwarf planet in the same category as Pluto. Researchers said the discovery proves the existence of the inner Oort cloud, a region of icy bodies that lies far beyond the orbit of Neptune – which at 4.5bn kilometres from the sun is the most remote planet in the solar system.
Until a proper name is decided upon, the body is known only as 2012 VP113.According to the science journal Nature, the team that discovered it call it VP for short, or “Biden”, after US vice president Joe Biden.
Its pink tinge comes from radiation damage that alters the make-up of frozen water, methane and carbon dioxide on the surface.
Three images of the newly discovered dwarf planet 2012 VP 113 taken about two hours apart on 5 November 2012. Photograph: Scott S Sheppard/Carnegie Institution for Science
Though exciting in its own right, the discovery raises a more tantalising prospect for many astronomers: that a “Super Earth” up to 10 times the mass of our planet orbits the sun at such a great distance that it has never been seen.
Astronomers found 2012 VP113 by taking snapshots of the night sky an hour or so apart with an instrument called the Dark Energy Camera on the US National Optical Astronomy Observatory telescope in Chile. When they turned the images into a time-lapse movie of the sky, they could see the new body moving against the background of stationary stars.
“This object has the most distant orbit known,” Scott Sheppard at the Carnegie Institution of Washington told the Guardian. “It extends the known boundary of the observable solar system.”
The object’s orbit brings it as close as 12bn kilometres from the sun, and swings out as far as 67bn kilometres. There are comets that come from even farther out, but they pass much closer to our home planet.
The solar system has three distinct regions. Closest to the sun are the rocky planets, such as Venus, Earth and Mars. Farther out are the gas giants, such as Saturn and Jupiter. More distant still, beyond the orbit of Neptune, is a band of icy objects called the Kuiper belt.
In 2003, astronomers found an object beyond the Kuiper belt, which they called Sedna. For more than a decade, the object was a loner, an anomaly in the solar system. But the new body, 2012 VP113, lurks in the same no-man’s land of space, leading astronomers to believe there could be thousands of similar bodies waiting to be discovered there.
“People wondered if Sedna was unique, and 10 years on, we have at last found another object that shows it is not. There is probably a large population of objects out there,” Sheppard said.
The dwarf planet (coloured dots). Three images, each taken about two hours apart, were combined into one. The first was artificially colored red, second green and third blue. The background stars and galaxies did not move and so their red, green and blue images combine to show up as white sources. Photograph: Scott S Sheppard/Carnegie Institution for Science
The region of space where Sedna and 2012 VP113 were found is called the inner Oort cloud. Astronomers are unsure how this remote cloud of objects formed, but there are three competing theories. One is that a rogue planet was flung out of the early solar system and dragged the Oort cloud material with it.
Another is that the material was pulled out of the inner solar system by a passing star. The third option has the same job done by planets orbiting stars born in the same cluster as the sun.
“What is exciting about this work is that we know the inner Oort cloud is there. This is the second object we know of, and it’s a smoking gun,” said Meg Schwamb, a planetary scientist at theInstitute of Astronomy and Astrophysics at Academica Sinica in Taiwan. By studying the objects, astronomers hope to confirm how the inner Oort cloud formed.
Sheppard found the new object, reported in Nature, with fellow astronomer, Chad Trujillo, who works at the Gemini Observatory in Hawaii. Trujillo was a co-discoverer of Sedna in 2003.
The latest work has already thrown up an intriguing possibility. The angle of the body’s orbit and that of Sedna’s are strikingly similar, an effect most likely caused by the gravitational tug of another, unseen body. One possibility is a “Super Earth” that traces so large an orbit around the sun that it has never been seen.
“If you took a Super Earth and put it a few hundred astronomical units out, the gravity could shepherd Sedna and this new object into the orbits they have,” said Sheppard. An astronomical unit (AU) is around 150m kilometres, or the mean distance from Earth to the sun.
Earlier this month, Nasa’s Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (Wise) reported the results from its search for “Planet X”, a hypothesised planet far out in the solar system. It found no evidence for a new planet larger than Saturn within 10,000 AU of the sun. But Saturn is 95 times more massive than Earth, so a smaller Super Earth could go undetected in that region.
A fragment of a mysterious meteorite has been discovered
A small chunk of a giant meteorite has been discovered in a limestone quarry in Sweden, where it had been hidden for more than 270 million years.
The small slice of meteorite – which was once part of a 19 mile long meteorite which smashed into another body before being scattered over Earth – is different to every meteorite that has so far been found on Earth.
Experts have found fragments of the other body, but this is the first time they have discovered a part of the second meteorite that was involved in the collision.
The other meteorite, a much bigger body which was about 93 miles across, is believed to have crumbled in deep space and formed a debris belt between Mars and Jupiter.
However, some of the debris is believed to have rained down on Earth at the same time that invertebrate ocean life boomed – scientists are yet to conclude if the two events are linked.
Study co-author Birger Schmitz of Lund University in Sweden said: “The single meteorite that we now found ... is of a type that we do not know of from today’s world.
“The object contains very high concentrations [compared to Earth materials], of elements such as iridium, which is very rare on Earth.
GETTY
At the time the meteorite scattered on Earth, ocean life began to bloom
“The meteorite also contains high concentrations of rare isotopes of the element Neon.”
Scientists base their understanding of the formation of the solar system on meteorites which have fallen to Earth.
But this discovery adds more mystery about how our Sun and its surrounding bodies came to be.
The team explain in their study published in Nature Communications: “Apparently, there is potential to reconstruct important aspects of solar-system history by looking down on Earth sediments, in addition to looking up at the skies.”
It has launched a competition for scientists to create a thick and functional skin tissue that could survive off the planet.
The space agency is studying the health risks and improvements needed to medicine keep space crews healthy during future, longer, space missions.
It was worked with Methuselah Foundation's New Organ Alliance to investigate how to improve bioengineering through a competition called the Vascular Tissue Challenge.
The agency fund to three teams asked to create a "metabolically-functional" human vascularized organ tissue that can be artificially controlled inside a laboratory.
To win, teams have to produce a 1cm-thick tissue that can maintain more than 85 percent survival of its cells over 30 days.
Steve Jurczyk, associate administrator for NASA, said: "The humans who will be our deep space pioneers are our most important resource on the Journey to Mars and beyond."
The competition will test if the human tissue can withstand the factors involved in deep space explorations.
NASA spokesman
A NASA spokesman said: "The result of the competition will not only be beneficial to space exploration but it is also expected to revolutionize health care on Earth as well.
"The competition will test if the human tissue can withstand the factors involved in deep space explorations."
Tissues produced during the competition will serve as a model or organ substitute that will be used to study the effects of deep space factors such as radiation.
The spokesman added: "This technique will help NASA minimise the damage to actual healthy cells."
NASA believes that once the key barrier is removed, progress and further understanding follows, "once the 'vascularization limit' is solved, via the NASA Vascular Tissue Challenge, there inevitably will be a historic advance in progress and commercialization of tissue engineering applications to everyone's benefit," said Jurczyk, in a statement.
There are fears that creating artificial tissue will lead on to body parts and possibly eventually, full-blown human cloning.
Moons orbiting the gas giant could house alien life.
The US space agency has announced how scientists using the Kepler Space Telescope, which is used specifically to look for habitable planets, have found a giant Jupiter-sized planet orbiting two suns.
The planet would be unlikely to support life, as like Jupiter it is made of gas.
However, they said any moons orbiting it may be suitable for life to develop.
A team led by astronomers from NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, and San Diego State University (SDSU) in California, used NASA's Kepler Space Telescope to identify the new planet, Kepler-1647b.
A NASA spokesperson said: "Kepler-1647 is 3,700 light-years away and approximately 4.4billion years old, roughly the same age as Earth.
"The stars are similar to the Sun, with one slightly larger than our home star and the otherslightly smaller.
NASA
Comparison of the relative sizes of several Kepler circumbinary planets. Kepler-1647 b is substantially larger than any of the previously known circumbinary planets.
"The planet has a mass and radius nearly identical to that of Jupiter, making it the largest transiting circumbinary planet ever found.
"Like Jupiter, however, Kepler-1647b is a gas giant, making the planet unlikely to host life. Yet if the planet has large moons, they could potentially be suitable for life."
Planets that orbit two stars are known as circumbinary planets, or sometimes “Tatooine” planets, after Luke Skywalker’s home world in Star Wars.
Using Kepler data, astronomers search for slight dips in brightness that hint a planet might be passing or transiting in front of a star, blocking a tiny amount of the star’s light.
SDSU astronomer William Welsh said: "Finding circumbinary planets is much harder than finding planets around single stars.
Like Jupiter, however, Kepler-1647b is a gas giant, making the planet unlikely to host life. Yet if the planet has large moons, they could potentially be suitable for life.
NASA spokesperson
“The transits are not regularly spaced in time and they can vary in duration and even depth.”
SDSU astronomer Jerome Orosz, a co-author on the study, said: "It’s a bit curious that this biggest planet took so long to confirm, since it is easier to find big planets than small ones.
“But it is because its orbital period is so long.”
The planet takes 1,107 days – just over three years – to orbit its host stars, the longest period of any confirmed transiting exoplanet found so far.
The planet is also much further away from its stars than any other circumbinary planet, breaking with the tendency for circumbinary planets to have close-in orbits.
Interestingly, its orbit puts the planet with in the so-called habitable zone–the range of distances from a star where liquid water might pool on the surface of an orbiting planet
Mr Welsh said: "Habitability aside, Kepler-1647b is important because it is the tip of the iceberg of a theoretically predicted population of large, long-period circumbinary planets.”
Once a candidate planet is found, researchers employ advanced computer programs to determine if it really is a planet. It can be a grueling process.
Laurance Doyle, a co-author on the paper and astronomer at the SETI Institute, noticed a transit back in 2011. But more data and several years of analysis were needed to confirm the transit was indeed caused by a circumbinary planet.
A network of amateur astronomers in the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope 'Follow-Up Network' provided additional observations that helped the researchers estimate the planet’s mass.
The discovery was announced today in San Diego at a meeting of the American Astronomical Society. The research has been accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal with Veselin Kostov, a NASA Goddard postdoctoral fellow, as lead author.
L’Hexagone vient de se doter d’un réseau unique au monde de détection des météorites, auquel participe la Suisse. Objectif: faciliter la récupération de ces objets riches en informations
Le 17 mai dernier à 0h50, un bolide a fendu le ciel du nord-est des Etats-Unis et du sud-est du Canada. Les centaines de personnes qui assistaient à la scène raconteront avoir aperçu une «boule de feu», très lumineuse, lancée à pleine vitesse. Quelques-unes feront aussi état d’une détonation, semblable à celle produite par un avion franchissant le mur du son.
De quoi s’agissait-il? Selon l’American Meteor Society (AMS), un petit astéroïde de moins d’un mètre, probablement un objet double, a pénétré cette nuit-là dans l’atmosphère terrestre et explosé en altitude. Mais ces experts ne peuvent guère en dire plus. Ils n’ont réussi ni à établir la provenance de ce corps dans le système solaire, ni à découvrir l’endroit où il était tombé.
Une telle mésaventure devrait être évitée en France. Une équipe du Muséum national d’histoire naturelle (MNHN), de l’Observatoire de Paris, du CNRS et d’Universités vient, en effet, d’annoncer le lancement d’un ambitieux projet, baptisé «FRIPON», (pour «Fireball Recovery and InterPlanetary Observation Network») visant à doter l’Hexagone d’un réseau unique au monde de «détection des bolides et des boules de feu», ces météores qui, à la différence des étoiles filantes, sont assez gros pour atteindre le sol.
Points de chute
Grâce à une vingtaine de détecteurs radio et à une centaine de caméras, offrant une vue du ciel sur 360°, disséminées sur le territoire français et dans certains Etats voisins dont la Suisse, ces chercheurs espèrent être bientôt en mesure de repérer et de suivre, au besoin sur des centaines de kilomètres, la trace flamboyante produite par ces astres au moment de leur entrée dans l’atmosphère. Avec un double objectif: reconstituer la trajectoire dans l’espace de ces objets avant leur rencontre avec la Terre et déterminer leurs points de chute à 1 km près. L’idée est de partir ensuite à la recherche des météorites, quitte à faire appel pour cela à des volontaires!
Caméra FRIPON à l'Observatoire du Pic du Midi
C’est ce qu’explique Brigitte Zanda du MNHN: «Une météorite peut apporter autant d’informations sur les astéroïdes que des échantillons ramenés par une mission spatiale.» Ces millions de petits corps rocheux ou cométaires dont 700 000 environ parmi les plus gros sont connus, naviguent, pour beaucoup d’entre eux, dans une région située entre Mars et Jupiter. Classés par familles selon les orbites qu’ils occupent, ils s’écrasent sur notre sol lorsqu’ils croisent le chemin de la Terre.
En théorie, l’analyse des météorites qui en sont les restes pourrait fournir une moisson de renseignements sur leur composition minéralogique, chimique ou isotopique, et permettre de mettre au jour de nouvelles catégories voire d’établir s’ils se regroupent en essaims d’objets de grande taille.
Un voyage mouvementé
Malheureusement, réussir à relier la météorite trouvée au sol à l’astéroïde ou au bolide aperçu dans l’espace, ou dans le ciel, s’avère ardu. En effet, au cours de son voyage mouvementé, l’objet subit toutes sortes de transformations, qui le rendent à chaque étape de moins en moins reconnaissable. Résultat, indique François Colas, de l’Observatoire de Paris: «A quelques exceptions près, on ne sait pas associer à une classe de météorites une famille d’astéroïdes, et encore moins un astre en particulier.»
Et cela même, dans le cas rarissime où la météorite a été récoltée suffisamment vite après sa chute pour ne pas avoir été contaminée par son séjour terrestre! Quant à essayer de suivre de bout en bout l’aventure aérospatiale vécue par l’un de ces objets, la méthode serait affaire de chance. Une seule équipe du SETI (le programme américain de recherche d’une intelligence extraterrestre) a réussi, en 2008, cet exploit. Mais elle avait bénéficié d’un formidable concours de circonstances!
D’où l’idée de revisiter à l’aune des progrès technologiques les vieilles méthodes. Installés en République tchèque, au Canada, en Allemagne, aux Etats-Unis, et en Australie, des réseaux «fireball» («boule de feu») constitués d’abord d’appareils photographiques, puis de caméras automatiques tentent, depuis les années 1950, de saisir l’image des bolides et des boules de feu lorsque, à 100 kilomètres d’altitude, ils pénètrent à une vitesse de 30 à 70 km par seconde dans les hautes couches de l’atmosphère.
Grâce à ces données et en faisant appel à des logiciels sophistiqués tenant compte de la topographie de la région, des vents et même d’une éventuelle fragmentation en morceaux de ces objets, les astronomes qui les utilisent réussissent à déterminer des points de chute. Une quinzaine de météorites ont été récoltées par ce moyen et une vingtaine d’orbites reconstituées!
La participation du public
«FRIPON» prétend faire beaucoup mieux. Le réseau français, entièrement automatisé, a d’abord à son actif d’être le plus dense et le plus étendu du monde. «Il déborde sur des pays voisins comme la Suisse où l’installation de quatre caméras est prévue sur des sites gérés par des amateurs comme celui de l’Observatoire astronomique du Jura à Vicques», explique le passionné suisse Michel Ory, qui est en relation avec l’équipe de «FRIPON».
Il aura ensuite l’avantage d’être équipé d’une vingtaine de récepteurs radio. Branchés en permanence sur le signal du radar militaire français «GRAVES» de surveillance des satellites survolant le territoire de l’Hexagone, ces dispositifs détecteront l’écho des bolides au moment de leur arrivée afin d’établir précisément leur vitesse. Une donnée qui, combinée à d’autres, permettra aux astronomes de reconstituer l’orbite où ils circulaient avant de rencontrer la Terre. Et de là, peut-être, de déterminer la zone du système solaire dont ils sont issus.
Enfin, «FRIPON» pourra compter sur la participation du public mobilisé dans le cadre d’un ambitieux programme de science participative. L’un de ses objectifs est de créer, dans chaque région, des groupes de volontaires prêts à se rendre sur les points de chute, à la recherche des météorites!
Grâce à l’ensemble de ces dispositions, les membres de FRIPON espèrent reconstituer en dix ans l’orbite d’un millier de bolides. Et retrouver une trentaine des 50 à 250 météorites qui selon leurs calculs tomberont sur le territoire français au cours de cette période.
La communauté scientifique suisse pourrait-elle être impliquée? «Ce n’est pas d’actualité, mais il n’est pas interdit de réfléchir à l’idée d’une collaboration tant le projet est enthousiasmant», estime Pierre Bratschi, astronome à l’Observatoire de Genève.
POSSIBLE ALIEN CRAFT CRASH IN SOUTH AFRICA’S WATERS
FEBURARY 18, 2008 …………. PORT SHEPSTONE SOUTH AFRICA
Port Shepstone rescuers are monitoring a mysterious situation in which “numerous” eye-witnesses reported an unidentified object crashing into the sea on 20 May 2006 around Cape Town, during the afternoon, the National Sea Rescue Institute (NSRI) in South Africa had reported.
Eddie Noyons, NSRI Shelley Beach Station Commander, said eye- witnesses reported that an unidentified object had crashed into the sea behind the breaker line off-shore of the Port Shepstone High School. Police, rescue craft and a fixed wing aircraft were alerted to the scene to investigate. “Following a full scale search of the area covering 12 square nautical miles nothing has been found.” “There are no reports of activity in the area that may be related to this incident and there are no aircraft reported to be overdue or missing,” said Noyons.
He said numerous eye witnesses—including teachers and pupils attending a sports event at the high school and other by-standers including local fishermen—were convinced they had seen an craft go into the water, including seeing smoke and water exploding. Interviews with the witnesses revealed that some also reported seeing flames. “Some reported seeing something, an unidentified object, splash into the sea causing a ripple effect of waves,” Noyons said.
Due to the number of eye-witnesses with similar reports, it was presumed that weather activity in the area at the time might have given the impression of something falling into the sea. “We will continue to monitor the situation which remains a mystery,” he had said.
An image of the center of our galaxy, where Sagittarius B2 is located.
(Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/ESA/CXC/STScI)
A peculiar new molecule hovering within a star-forming dust cloud in deep in space could help explain why life on Earth is the way it is.
The cloud, called Sagittarius B2, resides near the center of the Milky Way, and it’s there that researchers from the California Institute of Technology discovered an organic element that displays a key property shared by all life. Propylene oxide is the first element discovered outside of our solar system to exhibit chirality, or the presence of two distinct, mirror-image forms. Many complex molecules have this property, including myriad organic molecules necessary for life. The chemical formula of these two versions is exactly the same, but the structure is flipped.
Chirality? So What?
All life on Earth is composed of chiral molecules, and the versions organisms use, either right- or left-handed, determines fundamental properties of their biology. For example, all living things only use the right-handed form of the sugar ribose to form the backbone of DNA, giving it that the signature twist. You can think of molecular handedness by picturing gloves — hence the “handed terminology”. The gloves, or molecules, may look similar, but you could never put a left-handed glove on your right hand.
Ignoring the chirality of the molecules that we put in our bodies can have deadly consequences. The drug thalidomide, used in the mid-20th century as a sedative for pregnant women, turned out to cause terrible birth defects if taken at the wrong time. It turned out that thalidomide was made up of chiral molecules — some were left-handed and others were right-handed. One version would act as a sedative, while the other would lead to birth defects.
The fact that we are made up of molecules that look one way and and not the other has long presented a near-ontological question for researchers. The various building blocks of life here, sugars and amino acids, all share chirality with each other —sugars are all right-handed and amino acids are all left-handed — what’s called homochirality. While just one version may exist here on Earth, both right and left-molecules are possible. It isn’t known how life on this planet chose its preferred molecular handedness.
The question for researchers now is whether molecules on Earth are inherently better suited for life, or if chirality is a product of pure chance. It could be that conditions in the universe favor one form of organic molecules over the other — it has been suggested that the way that photons or electrons are polarized could preferentially destroy one form of a molecule over another.
“[It] provides us with a lab to try and test theories about the role chiral molecules played in the origins of life on earth and elsewhere in the galaxy,” says Brandon Carroll, a PhD candidate at Caltech and coauthor of the paper.
Powerful Telescopes
The researchers found traces of propylene oxide in Sagittarius B2 with the help of two radio telescopes, one in West Virginia and one in Australia. Every molecule emits radio waves in a unique frequency as it moves through space, which serves as an invisible signature. Using radio telescopes, researchers detect these emissions and match the wave frequency to known spectra. Using this method, the Caltech researchers determined that Sagittarius B2 contains significant amounts of propylene oxide, an organic chemical often used to manufacture plastics here on Earth.
While this propylene oxide is not used by any organic lifeforms here on Earth, it does prove that finding chiral molecules beyond our solar system is possible. They couldn’t determine which form of the molecule was present in Sagittarius B2, but the researchers say that it may be possible to determine handedness in the future by exploiting differences in how polarized light passes through the cloud.
We have previously found chiral organic molecules on comets and asteroids from our solar system, but scientists wanted to discover the presence of such molecules beyond our backyard. Our entire solar system was likely formed from a cloud of dust and gas much like Sagittarius B2, and the chirality of the molecules that went on to form the Earth, and eventually us, determined some of the most basic features of Earthly life. Discovering chiral molecules elsewhere is an important step toward elucidating the role that chirality plays in creating life and guiding its development.
This post has been updated to clarify that amino acids and sugars display different handedness.
1) Thalidomide rapidly racemizes under physiological conditions. Resolving the optical isomers achieves nothing. NSAIDs like ibuprofen had better be resolved, for the wrong isomer is overtly toxic - and these molecules slowly racemize in vivo. Think about that, pill poppers. 2) Any tetrahedral carbon with four different substituents is a chiral center. Finding propylene oxide in space pronounces on nothing re biological homochirality. "the structure is flipped." No, the structure is mirror-image (one coordinate axis' signs all reversed) non-superposable by only translations and rotations. 3) "you could never put a left-handed glove on your right hand." Turn it inside-out. Right glove! 4)" sugars and amino acids, all share chirality with each other" NO, all natural chiral sugars are right-handed, all natural chiral amino acids are left-handed - and don't use CIP notation for that, re cysteine. Racemases invert amino acid handedness for biological advantages. Remember naughty glycine. 5) "They couldn’t determine which form of the molecule was present in Sagittarius B2" Enantiomers have rigorously identical physical properties absent a chiral field to create diastereomeric divergence re optical rotation, linearly polarized light being a racemic mixture of left- and right-circularly polarized light interacting with a net chiral medium to suffer different refractive indices, hence a relative phase shift. 6) Electronic chirality is generated by a pseudoscalar, a vector, and a pseudodeviator. Only the first requires geometric chirality. 7)"Discovering chiral molecules elsewhere is an important step toward elucidating the role that chirality plays in creating life and guiding its development." Aw, crap. Yo momma so stupid she she thinks menopause is a boy's bathroom.
Initially the article' writing made me think they'd found a lot of left-handed propylene oxide. That would have been stunning. However, it looks to me like they have zero evidence the stuff they found is not merely a racemic mixture. And that "discovery" is of absolutely no interest.
Aliens unlikely to be in contact for 1,500 years, scientists calculate
Aliens unlikely to be in contact for 1,500 years, scientists calculate
Based on the number of stars in the Milky Way, aliens will not be in touch for 1,500 years
Humans are unlikely to hear from aliens for at least 1,500 years, scientists have calculated
Astronomers at Cornell University in the US have developed a new equation which seeks to explain the Fermi Paradox, a philosophical conundrum which asks why extra-terrestrials have not been in touch if billions of Earth-like planets exist in our galaxy.
Essentially, if the universe is teeming with aliens, as predicted, where is everyone?
The scientists have calculated that signals from Earth would need to reach half of all the Sun systems in the Milky Way to be sure of being picked up by an advanced civilisation. And that is unlikely to happen for 1,500 years.
Zoom into the heart of the Milky Way in Hubble Space Telescope's new videoPlay!00:38
“We haven’t heard from aliens yet, as space is a big place but that doesn’t mean no one is out there,” said student Evan Solomonides , who is presenting the equation at Astronomical Society’s meeting June 16 in San Diego.
“It’s possible to hear any time at all, but it becomes likely we will have heard around 1,500 years from now.
“Until then, it is possible that we appear to be alone, even if we are not. But if we stop listening or looking, we may miss the signals. So we should keep looking.”
Signals are being beamed from Earth - pictured here surrounded by orbiting satellites - all the time, and should be picked up by a civilisation within 1,500 years
Aliens are likely to first hear TV and radio signals that are being sent into space all the time as a by-product of broadcasting.
These signals have been traveling from Earth for 80 years at the speed of light.
For aliens receiving these transmissions, they would likely be indecipherable, and only an advanced civilisation would be capable ofdecoding radio waves into sounds, then working out the languages spoken.
Top 10 Mysterious UFO Sightings Caught Around The World
So far Earth’s broadcast signals have reached every star within about 80 light-years from the Sun, around 8,531 stars and 3,555 Earth-like planets. But our Milky Way galaxy alone contains 200 billion stars so there is still a long way to go.
However Mr Solomonides is optimistic because of the Mediocrity Principle, which suggests that Earth is unlikely to be unique in the Universe.
Stephen Hawking Launches Search for Signs of Life in Universe
“We are on the third planet around a tediously boring star surrounded by other completely normal stars about two-thirds of the way along one of several arms of a remarkably average spiral galaxy,” he added.
“We are not in any special location in the universe, we should not be anything special in the universe.”
Last year Russian billionaire Yuri Milner and Professor Stephen Hawking announced a multi-million pound project to hunt for signs of alien life.
BOOK REVIEW: The Aztec UFO incident by Scott Ramsey, Suzanne Ramsey, and Frank Thayer, PhD (The Career Press) 2016
It was around 1982 when I came across a copy of Charles Berlitz and William L. Moore’s 1980 book The Roswell Incident, with its garish, red dust jacket, in a public library in Little Rock, Arkansas.
By that time I was already consuming vast pages of Berlitz material, including his popular books about The Bermuda Triangle, The Philadelphia Experiment and the lost continent of Atlantis. It was much later when I learned that both Berlitz and Moore were likely covert government agents who were possibly spreading disinformation.
Nevertheless, I was hooked on the information in that book and other books to come about the 1947 Roswell UFO crash and the mystery (and government cover-up) surrounding it.
On the periphery of the Roswell story involved another UFO crash in another part of New Mexico, this one near the small town of Aztec, in the northern part of the state, near the Colorado line. It was here, on March 25, 1948 - some eight months after a saucer crashed near Roswell - that a similar “extraterrestrial spacecraft” crash-landed on a mesa, above Hart Canyon, and was seen by dozens of civilians who happened to be in the area, until the military swooped in, secured the area and trucked the craft away.
A pretty extraordinary story, right? You bet! I’d heard rumors about it but nothing substantial. And since 1980, the word “Roswell” has dominated, sucking all the air out of the room. But with this Aztec story, it was usually dismissed as a hoax, even though it was back in 1950 when journalist Frank Scully wrote Behind the Flying Saucers, the book that brought the Aztec mystery to the masses, only to be smeared by various intelligence agents and jealous journos of the day (against the backdrop of the Cold War and witch hunts against anti-American “subversives”), leaving a cloud hanging over the story for decades. The authors, here, get into that matter as well, explaining it clearly.
My views on Aztec, however, have definitely changed. In fact, I would say the UFO crash near Aztec, N.M., as described in The Aztec UFO Incident by husband-and-wife research team Scott and Suzanne Ramsey, along with journalist Dr. Frank Thayer, has utterly convinced me that a 100-foot diameter flying saucer – complete with dead aliens onboard – did go down that spring morning 68 years ago.
And while skeptics often point to books like The Roswell Incident as sloppy and quick cash-ins meant to both titillate and (possibly) deceive the public, The Aztec UFO Incidentinvolved literally three decades of research; lengthy interviews with witnesses and their families and friends, examinations of thousands of government documents, numerous visits to the actual crash site, samples of soil taken and studied, and an indefatigable desire to present the truth about what happened at Aztec all those years ago.
And there is plenty of page-turning intrigue and “wow” moments in these pages, along with photos, maps and photocopied documents related to the Aztec mystery. The Ramseys and Thayer have done their homework here – and then some!
One eyewitness, a Colorado preacher named Solon Brown, told his son – who told the authors – about coming upon the crash site that morning and seeing the large, disc-shaped craft and “little bodies (that) had passed on” and appeared to have been burned. The experience shook Brown to the core and he would share this – tears in his eyes - with others at his church, people who knew this respected pillar of the community would never make up an outrageous story.
Another eyewitness, Fred Reed, told of being in the OSS (Office of Strategic Services) and being involved in the “clean up” of the crash site, “re-landscaping,” which involved planting new trees where existing ones had been damaged in the crash.
There are more stories like that, gathered by these three authors who exhaustively – and conclusively – prove that an unidentified flying object, likely disabled, came out of the sky, struck a mesa and continued flying northward until it landed at another mesa near Aztec. Oil field workers, police, ministers and other saw the craft – and a dozen or so dead alien bodies.
(OpenMinds.tv)
The Aztec UFO Incident is a gripping story, in a way that is even more bizarre than the Roswell crash in that so many more eyewitnesses were present. But with the US Government stung by the aftermath of Roswell – the initial report and the subsequent cover-up – made them wiser and more secretive about future incidents such as Aztec. But this book shines a spotlight on this world-shaking event, and we have these authors to thank.
Hopefully, The Aztec UFO Incident will open the eyes of the public – a public that has been lied to, by its own government, for far too long when it comes to the UFO reality.
Last night, friends of the Scotland From The Roadside page got in a Facebook frenzy after this '"fireball" dropped from the sky.
The original poster, Reg Connon, uploaded some pictures from Macduff on the Moray Firth coast , and asked "Last night about 10pm dot in the sky - any ideas what it is?"
The (more than 120) answers he got ranged from an aeroplane reflecting the sun to a passing International Space Station, aliens landing in a UFO and even Superman.
Some thought it was a meteor and others blamed a 'second coming'.
The most plausible explanation came from Steve Balfour, who worked out which plane it could have been.
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‘Gloed in de lucht’ en harde explosies: Siberische landschap bezaaid met mysterieuze kraters
‘Gloed in de lucht’ en harde explosies: Siberische landschap bezaaid met mysterieuze kraters
Overal in Siberië ontstaan reusachtige gaten in de bevroren grond. De explosies die daarmee gepaard gaan worden tot op een afstand van 100 kilometer gehoord, schrijft de Siberian Times. Waar komen de mysterieuze gaten vandaan?
Een groep herders ontdekte drie jaar geleden in West-Siberië voor het eerst zo’n krater, meldt Tech Insider. De herders werden naar eigen zeggen bijna opgeslokt door de krater. Daarna zijn er nog zo’n 20 enorme gaten gevonden, waarvan sommige meer dan 100 meter diep zijn.
Lokale bewoners die op enkele tientallen kilometers van een krater wonen, zeggen vreemde dingen te hebben gezien en gehoord kort voordat de krater werd gevonden. “Inwoners van nabijgelegen dorpen spreken van een geluid als een explosie en één van hen zag duidelijk een gloed aan de hemel,” zei de gerespecteerde wetenschapper dr. Vladimir Epifanov.
Poort naar de onderwereld
In 2014 werd door een piloot een enorme krater gespot op het Siberische Jamal-schiereiland. Men noemde onder meer aliens en ondergrondse raketten als mogelijke verklaringen, aldus de Washington Post.
Aangezien het gebied enorm groot en dunbevolkt is, is het aannemelijk dat er nog meer kraters zijn. Drie jaar later tasten wetenschappers nog steeds in het duister over de oorzaak van de kraters.
De Batagaika-krater zorgt bij wetenschappers voor kopzorgen. ‘De poort naar de onderwereld’ zoals het gapende gat ook wel wordt genoemd, wordt ieder jaar 20 meter breder. Ondertussen is het gat al meer dan een kilometer lang en 90 meter diep. De grootste bezorgdheid bij de lokale bevolking zijn de luide ploffen die te horen zijn in de krater.
Pingo’s
Wetenschappers zien de opwarming van de aarde als de grote boosdoener, maar permafrostdeskundige Jorien Vonk is voorzichtiger. De klimaatopwarming hoeft volgens haar geen dader te zijn. “De opwarming zorgt met name voor effecten aan het oppervlak en niet zozeer op grote diepte,” zei ze.
Om te achterhalen hoe de mysterieuze gaten zo plots kunnen ontstaan, heeft aardwetenschapper Ko van Huissteden met zijn collega’s een onderzoeksvoorstel ingediend. Hij wil met satellieten vier jaar lang bijhouden waar de grond inzakt.
Van Huissteden ziet instortende heuvels als een mogelijkheid. “In de aardwetenschap heten deze heuvels pingo’s,” zei hij. “Ze ontstaan als onder de grond water bevriest. Omdat water uitzet als het bevriest, drukt het de grond omhoog. In de zomer ontdooit het water waardoor de grond ineens kan instorten.”
California pilot reports ‘dogfight’ with sphere UFO
California pilot reports ‘dogfight’ with sphere UFO
A California private pilot at San Bernardino reported a close encounter with a sphere-shaped UFO that came within 150 feet of his aircraft, according to testimony in Case 76954 from the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON) witness reporting database.
The pilot encountered the object at about 1,000 feet AGL. Pictured: San Bernardino, CA, skyline.
(Credit: Wikimedia Commons)
The event occurred on June 5, 2016, while the witness was flying a private aircraft shortly after takeoff while still in the traffic pattern.
“I encountered an unidentified object at approximately 1,000 feet AGL,” the witness stated.“Object was going in the opposite direction and passed within 300 feet off my left wing. It was a metallic orb that reflected the light brilliantly and was approximately the size of a basketball.”
The object first passed within 300 feet of the aircraft. (Credit: Google)
The pilot banked hard left in an attempt to chase the object, placing his aircraft at its 6:00 position.
“Almost immediately the object did a hard left turn accelerating to a position opposite my left wing and within 150 feet. I banked hard left again and became engaged in a two-turn ‘Dogfight’ with the object as we both tried to get on each other’s tail. After the second turn the object broke away in a southern direction. I lost sight after that.”
This is the second encounter the pilot has had with an identical object while in the air. The pilot stated that the last encounter was in 1978.
The object came within 150 feet of the airplane on a second pass.
(Credit: Google)
San Bernardino is the county seat of San Bernardino County, CA, population 209,924. California Field Investigator Linda Flechtner is investigating. Please remember that most UFO sightings can be explained as something natural or man-made. The above quotes were edited for clarity. Please report UFO activity to MUFON.com.
This is a really cool sighting from Mexico. I actually saw something like this yesterday on the Colima cam, but didn't report it because it wasn't clear enough, but this one is fantastic. Here you can make out dark disk with a thick center area and a round window or doorway on the edge. Wow, just mind-blowing. Scott C. Waring www.ufosightingsdaily.com Inexplicata states: Mexico: A "Flying Saucer" over Colima's Volcán de Fuego Mexico's Criterio Hidalgo (from Pachuca, state of Hidalgo)has reprinted a photograph of an alleged UFO captured by Webcams de Mexico (which has acquired a worldwide reputation for its captures of unusual phenomena over the Popocatepetl Volcano). The text reads as follows: "A new UFO photo has gone viral on social media, shown near the Volcan de Fuego in the state of Colima. Through its Facebook account, Webcams de Mexico displayed the photograph last Friday, showing an object crossing the sky near the fiery colossus. The photo asks the question "what could it be?" in order that users may leave their comments about what appears to be a flying saucers."
Internationally-recognized UFO expert and conspiracy theorist Jim Marrs speaks at the 2016 Aurora Alien Encounter held on Sat. Apr. 16, 2016 at the MD Resort in Aurora, Texas.
Writer Nick Redfern, expert on the paranormal who has written dozens of books on UFOs, cryptozoology, and other arcane subjects, will give a presentation about famous UFO cases in Texas including the Lubbock Lights, the Levelland UFO case, the Cash-Landrum UFO Incident, and the Stephenville Lights. Redfern has been featured on numerous TV shows including the BBC’s Out of This World; the SyFy Channel’s Proof Positive; and the History Channel’s Monster Quest, America’s Book of Secrets, Ancient Aliens and UFO Hunters. Originally from the United Kingdom, Nick now resides just outside of Dallas
Texas author Noe Torres, will talk about another UFO crash in Texas similar to the Aurora case but 58 years later. Torres’ book The Other Roswell: UFO Crash on the Texas-Mexico Border first disclosed the amazing story of Air Force Reservist Colonel Robert Willingham’s encounter with a crashed UFO near Del Rio, Texas, in 1955. Willingham said he visited the site of the saucer and saw three non-human entities through a hole in the ruptured hull of the ship. The strange beings, two of which were badly mangled, appeared to have died in the crash. “It didn’t look like humans to me,” Willingham said. The retired aviator said the beings had large heads, slit-like mouths, and “arms like broomsticks.” World-renowned UFO investigator Dr. Bruce Maccabee calls the case “One of the world’s most interesting UFO crash retrieval stories.” He has written seven books about famous UFO cases, has appeared on the History Channel’s UFO Hunters television series, the Travel Channel’s Mysteries at the National Parks, and has spoken at and also helped organize numerous UFO conferences throughout Texas.
Texas UFO researcher Stephen Andrasko, will talk about UFO sightings in the 1800s, as featured in the recent book The Real Cowboys and Aliens: UFO Encounters of the Old West, for which he assisted with the research. When the Steven Spielberg movie Cowboys and Aliens was released in 2011, many people wondered if UFOs were really ever seen by the cowboys and ranchers of America’s Old West. The answer is a resounding “YES,” according to Andrasko, who will present a number of incredible tales of encounters between real cowboys and real UFOs.
Award winning Writer Tui Snider, specializing in offbeat, quirky travel destinations. Aurora, was featured in her book Unexpected Texas: Your guide to Offbeat & Overlooked History, Day Trips & Fun things to do near Dallas & Fort Worth. She has titled her talk “What on Earth were they Thinking? Public Reaction to the 1897 Texas Airship Mystery.”
An Expert Warns Human Race Has No Match Against Alien Invasion
An Expert Warns Human Race Has No Match Against Alien Invasion
The extraterrestrial threat may not be the same as what Hollywood movies are trying to portray where humans put up a defiant fight against alien invasion. Top scientist Dr Michio Kaku, who believes there’s life out there undiscovered, suggests that aliens can destroy humanity very quickly. However, he claims they may not be bothered by our existence.
NASA’s Kepler satellite has so far discovered over 100 confirmed alien planets. However, Dr Kaku, Discovery channel’s Curiosity series advisor, claims even if extraterrestrial beings do exist, they may not be bothered.
Dr Kaku says that Hollywood gets it all wrong on its portrayal of the human-alien hostile encounter. Kaku explains that Hollywood assumes advanced civilisations of maybe 100 years can be defeated if we have a secret weapon that will defeat the aliens. He stresses that this assumption is wrong.
Dr Kaku offers two possible scenarios; either the aliens consider humans too primitive, and it is a waste of time to bother about us, or if they do invade, it will like Bambi vs. Godzilla.
He notes that the universe is 13.7 billion years old, and extraterrestrials could be a thousand, or even a million years advanced than mankind.
Dr Kaku, however, believes that humanity can still defeat aliens if humanity will learn and adapt to their technology.
He uses the feat of the Barbarians against the Romans as an example. The Barbarians did not have a secretive weapon against the Romans, but the former learned the technology from the latter. The Barbarians eventually defeated Caesar and the Romans.
This Day In UFO History; Man Meets With Aliens And Takes Photos, June 16, 1963, UFO Sighting News.
This Day In UFO History; Man Meets With Aliens And Takes Photos, June 16, 1963, UFO Sighting News
Date of sighting: June 16, 1963 Location of sighting: Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA Source:
June 16, 1963-close Albuquerque, N.M. Apolinar A. Estate, Jr., 49, a technician of 601 Niagara N.E.; Albuquerque, New Mexico, had a one of a kind benefit having prearranged gatherings with Space People for the particular reason for taking photos of their art.
Evidently, contacts of some kind with space individuals are not new to Mr. Estate. He says that he has been taught clairvoyance by extraterrestrial insight since he was five years of age. Despite the fact that he didn't finish the tenth grade of school, he appears to have a decent learning on such subjects as arithmetic, power, material science, and mechanics, and has a bizarre "blessing" for distinguishing deformities in motors, generators, and so on.
Manor says that preceding capturing his first arrangement of saucers in 1963, he had seen around five Flying Saucers in the past five years, and he had chatted with a spaceman already. He said that his first picture-taking contact was his second in-individual meeting with extraterrestrial creatures. The first was in 1953 while he was working for the Department of Water and Power in Los Angeles. While at work one day in Long Beach, he had a compelling impulse to go down to the shoreline, an inclination he didn't get it. There he met a man around 7 feet tall. At first Villa was a perplexed and needed to flee. Be that as it may, the man called him by name, and let him know numerous individual things about himself. "Manor understood that he was speaking with an extremely predominant insight, and he then got to be mindful this being was a spaceman. "He knew all that I had in my brain and let me know numerous things that had happened in my life," Villa says. " He then instructed me to watch out past the reef. I saw a metallic looking plate formed item that appeared to drift on the water. At that point the spaceman inquired as to whether I might I want to get onto the art and glance around, and I ran with him." He said the saucer inhabitants were totally humanoid in appearance, albeit preferable looking as a rule over Earth individuals, as they were certainly more refined in the face and the body. Additionally they had a propelled learning of science, as confirm by their specialty, and by their discussion with him."
They advised Villa that the entire cosmic system to which our Earth has a place is a grain of sand on an immense shoreline, in connection to the unbelievable number of possessed worlds in the whole Universe. In view of their innovative progression, their spaceships can infiltrate the Earth's radar location framework, with the goal that they are gotten on our radar screens just when they point out their nearness in our skies. It appears that their art are always dynamic over our surface, and that they arrange more sightings and arrivals with a specific end goal to expand open consciousness of their presence.
They said they were here on a neighborly mission to help our kin; that they have bases on our moon; that Phobos, one of the two moons of Mars is empty and is misleadingly developed; and that their is a Superior Intelligence that represents the Universe and everything in it.
For his first arrangement of pictures, Mr. Estate says his space contacts let him know, clairvoyantly, to drive his get truck on June 16, (1963), to the meeting place, alone. There he saw a landed Flying saucer which he assessed to be around 70 feet in distance across. There were nine individuals on board the boat: four men and five ladies. They landed through a hermetically fixed entryway. These creatures, he says, extended in range from seven to nine feet and were proportional. Some were light; some were red-headed; (like cleaned copper); and some had dark hair. They let him know they originated from the cosmic system of Coma Berenices, numerous light years separation.
They could talk numerous dialects, and in addition to convey clairvoyantly. Manor was told the art worked as a Mothership for its nine remotely-controlled observing plates which were 14 inches in measurement, and were controlled from instrument boards in the Mothership. They could get pictures and sounds from any zone from which they were coordinated, and after that could then transfer them to TV boards on board the Mother Craft. They allowed Villa to take photograph's of their boat which postured and drifted near the surface somewhere around 2 and 4P.M. while he took different shots of the art surrounded by the trees in the frontal area. He utilized a Japanese-made Rokuoh-Sha camera with a f4.6, 75mm lens stacked with 120 Kodak film. Two of the photograph's demonstrate the boat in a vertical position, on its side, to show that the Space People have made a manufactured gravity inside the specialty, and in this way are totally agreeable regardless of what position the boat is in, with respect to a planet's surface..
By chance, in photograph #7...???, the vents in the body, thought by some to be port gaps, are not windows, but rather are openings straightforwardly worried with the drive of the boat. Manor says they let him know that the vents are opened just inside a planets environment - never in space.
Another contact... for his second arrangement of pictures, Villa was clairvoyantly guided, to another region close Bernalillo, New Mexico - around 15 miles north of Albuquerque. This was on Easter Sunday, April 18, 1965. The boat found in photograph's #1,2 and 3, anticipated a beam which brought about a little wildfire. The smoke from the flame is visible(more unmistakably in color)in the trees just underneath the art, and simply above and to one side of the rear end of Villa's truck.(Note: I have the photo's..Dex) In one photograph they scorched a tree top - by utilization of a beam coordinated from the boat.
These things were done to exhibit some of their capacities. The boat landed and Villa passed judgment on it to be 300 feet in distance across. It had telescopic, tripod landing gear, which are distending from the base of the art in photograph's ???(Note: I don't have...Dex). The three crew member had light chestnut hair and tan skin. They gave off an impression of being around 5'8" or 5'9" tall. Estate chatted with them for almost two hours about individual and also broad matters. They let him know that our Astronauts, Edward White and James McDivitt, on their now-renowned GT-4 flight, were truly seeing a spaceship when they reported locating the Pegasus-like item. They additionally said our Government won't discharge the Mariner-4 photograph's since they indicate pumping stations for the waterway frameworks on Mars. They included, that by 1966, 17 countries will have the Atomic Bomb. Manor says they bantered both in Spanish(his local language)and in English. On their recommendation, the Contactee says, he quit smoking to upgrade his capacity to get clairvoyant interchanges.
'Twisty' Molecule Essential to Life Spotted in Deep Space For 1st Time
'Twisty' Molecule Essential to Life Spotted in Deep Space For 1st Time
By Sarah Lewin, Space.com Staff Writer
For the first time, scientists have measured a "handed" molecule in interstellar space. The molecule, propylene oxide, comes in both "left-handed" and "right-handed" varieties. It was found in the huge star-forming cloud of gas Sagittarius B2, pictured here alongside Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole at the Milky Way's center.
Credit: B. Saxton, NRAO/AUI/NSF from data provided by N.E. Kassim, Naval Research Laboratory, Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Molecules with "right-handed" and "left-handed" versions are essential to all life on Earth, and have been found in meteors and comets. Now, for the first time, one has been spotted in interstellar space.
Discovering such molecules in deep space, called chiral molecules, can help researchers understand the development of life on Earth, which is rich in those complex molecules — what presenters at the American Astronomical Society's summer meeting in San Diego called "life's first handshake." The discovery is explained in this new video by Science Magazine.
"This [discovery] is going to provide us with a laboratory to try to test theories about the role that chiral molecules played in the origins of life here on Earth and how that chirality might play a role in the origins of life elsewhere in the galaxy," Brett McGuire, a researcher at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory in Virginia and co-first author on the new work, said at the AAS press conference today (June 14). [50 Fabulous Deep-Space Nebula Photos]
The researchers used the National Science Foundation's Green Bank Telescope in West Virginia and the Parkes radio telescope in Australia to pinpoint the intricate molecule propylene oxide near the center of the Milky Way, in the mammoth star-forming cloud of gas called Sagittarius B2.
Science of chirality
Key biological reactions on Earth rely on molecules with the property called chirality — compounds that can form in two different varieties that are mirror images of each other, sort of like left and right hands. Though the molecules are made of the same components, it's impossible to flip one around to make it exactly match the other.
On Earth, most chiral molecules exist largely in a single formation, even though when you create them chemically from scratch, both varieties will form. Many chemical reactions only work when molecules of a particular "handedness" interact with each other.
"When you shake somebody's hand, your right hand shakes another right hand, and it forms that nice, interlocking gesture; if you try to shake a left hand with your right hand it's a little awkward because the interaction is different," McGuire said. "Chiral molecules work the same way."
(For instance, the chemical carvone will smell like spearmint in one configuration, but its mirror image smells like caraway.)
Processes powered by one particular "handedness" will produce more of that same type of molecule, and molecules with the wrong "handedness" won't work at all in many biological systems. Because of that, most of the important chiral molecules on Earth, like amino acids, are all the same "handedness" as each other. But scientists don't know how the Earth came to favor particular varieties to start with.
A cosmic handshake
Researchers have found complex organic molecules on meteorites and comets, including chiral molecules which have shown a slight preference for one handedness over the other. Just a few percent excess "could be the tipping point that pushed life in a single direction, and that gave life the push it needed to, say, use only left-handed amino acids," Brandon Carroll, the work's other first author and a chemistry graduate student at California Institute of Technology, said at the conference.
"But if we want to understand where and how this started, we have to go even further back than the meteorites; we have to look at the gas clouds where these molecules formed from," he added.
In this case, they spotted a hefty dose of propylene oxide in distant interstellar space — about 80 percent Earth's mass, which at room temperature would take up five and a half earths' worth of space, Carroll said.
If chiral materials had existed already in the cloud of gas and dust from which the solar system formed, or if they'd fallen to Earth on a meteoriteor had been carried on a comet, that could explain Earth's preference — and also help explain the process of life's first formation on Earth.
The researchers' measurements of the propylene oxide don't reveal which handedness the far-off molecules have; the data from the radio telescopes show only the composition, not how each molecule is put together. However, future work could try to determine that by watching how the molecules interact with polarized light, which corkscrews in a particular direction, the researchers said.
"Now it gives us a testbed, some molecule we can actually go back and perform the far more complicated and challenging observations necessary to detect the handedness," Carroll said. "That's what we're really excited about, because that will let us start to test theories about processes that might actually have chiral preference in the interstellar medium."
Gravitational Wave Detector Finds Double Colliding Black Holes — Again (Woot!)
Gravitational Wave Detector Finds Double Colliding Black Holes — Again (Woot!)
By Calla Cofield, Staff Writer
Distortions in the fabric of space-time, which were predicted by Albert Einstein a century ago, have been directly detected for the second time.
Approximately 1.4 billion light-years from Earth, two black holes spiraled around each other and collided, creating ripples in the fabric of space-time. These ripples, known as gravitational waves, arrived at Earth in December 2015, and were detected by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO).
The LIGO collaboration announced the finding today (June 15) during a news conference at the 228th meeting of the American Astronomical Society (AAS) in San Diego. The gravitational wave signal — officially known as GW151226 — was detected by LIGO on Dec. 25, 2015, at 11: 38 p.m. EDT (0338 a.m. GMT on Dec. 26). [Again! Gravitational Waves Detected from 2nd Black Hole Collision]
In the U.S., many of the LIGO scientists were still been celebrating Christmas Day when the news arrived, and it "destroyed a few family dinners," said Vicky Kalogera, an astrophysicist at Northwestern University and a member of the LIGO collaboration, in an interview with Space.com.
LIGO made the first-ever direct detection of gravitational waves in September 2015, and team members announced that finding in February. That first gravitational wave signal was also created by two colliding black holes.
An artists illustration of two black holes circling around each other and colliding, 1.4 billion light years from Earth. The merger created ripples in spacetime called gravitational waves. LIGO detected those waves in December, 2015.
Credit: LIGO
"The second discovery means the first discovery was not a one-off, 'we got lucky,' kind of thing," David Reitze, current executive director of the LIGO Laboratory, told Space.com. "If I could encapsulate what the second discovery means … it's that LIGO is for real."
LIGO scientists waited until now to announce the second detection because they had to make sure that it was real, and that it was caused by a black hole collision, team members said.
Warped space
Einstein showed that space is not a fixed stage on which cosmic events play out, but rather a flexible fabric, like a 3D rubber sheet. Space can be warped by gravity, so the mass of the Earth, for example, creates a curve in space. (Einstein also showed that time is par of this universal fabric, and he combined space and time into the single universal feature called space-time).
Black holes are the densest objects in the universe, and create intense curves in space-time. When two black holes move around each other very quickly, those curves in space become ripples, and move outward.
This graph shows the gravitational wave signal detected by LIGO on in December of 2016.
Credit: LIGO
Kalogera said the masses of the black holes provide clues about how they formed. Lighter black holes — those around 10 times the mass of the sun — very likely formed from two massive stars that lived close to each other, each perhaps siphoning material away from the other in a sort of cannibalistic relationship.The black holes that collided 1.4 billion years ago weighed about 14.2 and 7.5 times the mass of the sun, according to a paper detailing the new finding, published in the journal Physical Review Letters this week. (The gravitational wave signal detected by LIGO in September was created by two colliding black holes with masses of about 29 and 36 times that of the sun.) [How Gravitational Waves Work (Infographic)]
The fate of the two stars most likely followed a pattern seen all over the universe: Eventually the stars ran out of fuel, and their internal engines stopped burning. With nothing to keep them inflated, the stars collapsed. Following such a collapse, most massive stars will explode into a supernova, but at their core, the rapid inward rush of material drives up the internal pressure to the point that it creates a black hole. The gravitational pull of the new object is so intense, even light cannot escape.
The two black holes remain partners even after death, slowly spiraling around each other, eventually colliding. Einstein also showed that mass and energy are two sides of the same coin, and during this black hole merger, a quantity of mass "roughly equivalent to the mass of the sun was converted into gravitational waves," according to a statement from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which operates LIGO in collaboration with the California Institute of Technology.
This map of the sky shows the region where the gravitational wave signal detected by LIGO in December, 2015, came from. The detectors are currently only able to narrow down the location of the signal source to an area spanning 1,400 square degrees of sky.
Credit: LIGO
The signal from the newly discovered black holes was slightly fainter than the signal detected in September. The faintness of the signal partly determines how well LIGO can narrow down the location of the event in the sky — the new signal came from somewhere in a region that measures 1,400 square degrees (the full moon is about one-half a degree on the sky). The September signal, which was "louder," came from a region measuring 600 square degrees.
Scientists hope to be able to narrow down the location of future events with the addition of more gravitational wave detectors, including the Virgo facility, located in Italy, which is scheduled to come online in January. The Virgo collaboration consists of 19 European research groups.
LIGO's first detection of gravitational waves back in September came immediately after a significant upgrade to the instruments, which increased LIGO's overall sensitivity. The observatory's detection of two double-black-hole collisions in its first four months of operation after the upgrade suggests that the observatory will be seeing more of these events in the future, Reitze said.
Black holes, true to their name, do not radiate or reflect light. However, in some cases, rapidly moving matter around a black hole will generate light and reveal the monster's presence to astronomers.
But as two black holes orbit around each other, any nearby matter is expected to be flung outward, like a cosmic salad spinner. According to scientists with the LIGO collaboration, that means these types of black hole pairs (those that are about 10 to 100 times the mass of the sun) are not expected to be visible to telescopes and observatories that see light or other particles.
"So far, gravitational wave detectors are the only way to see these kinds of systems," Reitze said. "So that's pretty exciting. I think we've opened up a window on black hole astrophysics that heretofore has not been opened."
(However, Kalogera added that the astrophysics community is open to the possibility that observations of these black hole collisions will reveal surprises, including, perhaps, the discovery that they do create light).
Each detector is an L-shaped structure with arms 2.5 miles (4 kilometers) long. A laser beam shines down each arm from the L's crux, and mirrors at the ends reflect the light back. If a gravitational wave passes through the detector, it warps space-time, lengthening one arm relative to the other very slightly — a change that the detector can pick up.
LIGO has been described by Reitze and other LIGO scientists as "the most precise measuring device ever built," and this sensitivity essentially requires that there be two detectors — a signal must be picked up by both detectors to ensure that it is not a false alarm.
Currently, LIGO is undergoing additional upgrades that will make it as much as 20 percent more sensitive than it was last fall (when the two detections were made), Reitze said. The improvements will allow LIGO to search for signals in a volume of space 1.5 to 2 times larger than before, according to the statement from MIT.
An Ex-NASA Chief is Making Chips That Use The Same Biological Principles As The Brain
An Ex-NASA Chief is Making Chips That Use The Same Biological Principles As The Brain
Above: KnuEdge founder and former NASA head Daniel Goldin.
Image Credit: KnuEdge
IN BRIEF
Ex-NASA Chief Dan Goldin has revealed his company KnuEdge, which develops neural chips that follow the principles of the human brain and produces voice recognition and authentication technology.
OUT OF THE SHADOWS
After almost 10 years of working incognito, former National Aeronautics and Space Administration head Daniel Goldin is finally ready to formally present KnuEdge to the world.
KnuEdge is a “neural technology innovation company,” an outfit that builds hardware and software based on neural technology, with a main focus on human-machine interaction. While newly revealed publicly, it has been in stealth mode for a decade now, and has already raised $100 million in funding to build its neural chips.
The company has revealed its two primary products: KnuVerse, which is a voice authentication technology, and KnuPath, its state-of-the-art neural chip. It has also unveiled Knurld.io, a software development kit with a cloud-based voice recognition and authentication service.
PRODUCTS
Foremost of these offerings is KnuPath. Its inspiration comes from the inner workings of the brain, much like several products of IBM. Specifically, the chip is built on the same biological principles that the brain uses to get a lot of computing work done with a small amount of power, something called “sparse matrix heterogeneous machine learning algorithms.”
Say that three times fast.
The KnuPath neural chip. Credit: KnuEdge
KnuPath has something called LambdaFabric computing. The chip, KnuEdge’s first model, has 256 cores. Each of the cores could be made to run a different algorithm and run them simultaneously, since the LambdaFabric makes it possible to instantly connect these cores to each other. The LambdaFabric is designed to connect up to 512,000 devices, which gives it an interaction delay of only 400 nanoseconds.
KnuVerse comes from military-grade voice recognition and authentication technology, and hopes to develop the potential of voice interfaces in next-generation computing. It primarily focuses on the biometrics side, the use of the human voice to authenticate computers, mobile/web apps and IoT (Internet-of-Things) devices. Its technology eliminates noise, allowing for use even in extremely loud environments.
Part of the development of voice technologies is Knurld.io, which allows businesses and other parties to tap into the technology of KnuVerse. It delivers speaker authentication interfaces for developers and businesses, so that the voice recognition and authentication service can be integrated into apps and other UI’s.
Above: KnuEdge’s KnuPath chip.
Image Credit: KnuEdge
And to think—the idea for the company and its cutting edge technology arose over a perceived need to supply faster and more efficient computing, able to crunch tens of millions of lines of computer code, for a potential Mars mission.
“It all started over a mission to Mars,” says Goldin, with immense and justifiable pride in the new endeavor.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:SF-snufjes }, Robotics and A.I. Artificiel Intelligence ( E, F en NL )
15-06-2016
LIGO Just Detected Gravitational Waves From a Second Black Hole Collision!
LIGO Just Detected Gravitational Waves From a Second Black Hole Collision!
IN BRIEF
Scientists at LIGO have found more gravitational waves—another signal from two black holes, 14 and 8 times the Sun’s mass, that collided 1.4 billion years ago.
RUSSELL KIGHTLEY/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY
An artist's illustration of the merger of two black holes (centre) causing gravitational waves to spiral out from the collision.
THEY’VE DONE IT AGAIN!
Scientists at LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory) just observed gravitational waves for the second time—another historic milestone for the observatory, in what is proving to be a very fruitful year for gravitational wave research.
Five months ago, there was still some doubt as to whether these elusive ripples in the fabric of spacetime—first predicted a century ago by Albert Einstein—would ever be detected. Now, in the span of little more than four months, the observatory has detected two major events resulting from the merger of black holes in the distant universe.
The first detection was announced on February 11, and involved the merger of two black holes roughly 30 times the mass of the Sun. The second detection—which was actually made on December 26, 2015—shows what promises to be the great diversity of gravitational wave generating events. These merging black holes were much smaller, 14 and 8 solar-masses, releasing a quantity of gravitational wave energy equivalent to the total mass of the Sun to produce a final object of 21 solar-masses.
To learn more about gravitational waves, and why discovering them is so fantastically groundbreaking, check out the video below:
IT PUTS THE “O” FOR OBSERVATORY IN LIGO
“It is very significant that these black holes were much less massive than those observed in the first detection,” says Gabriela González of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration.
“Because of their lighter masses compared to the first detection, they spent more time—about one second—in the sensitive band of the detectors. It is a promising start to mapping the populations of black holes in our universe.”
The merger occurred about 1.4 billion years ago, producing a detectable signal during the final 27 orbits of the two black holes before they coalesced. Due to the arrival lag of the signal—it arrived 1.1 milliseconds earlier at the Livingston, LA detector than the Hanford, WA detector—it’s possible to at least roughly ascertain the signal’s point of origin in the sky.
In the future, it’s hoped that the soon-to-be-online Virgo gravitational wave interferometer in Europe will work in conjunction with LIGO to triangulate these signals, which we now know must be fairly frequent.
“With detections of two strong events in the four months of our first observing run,” says Caltech’s Albert Lazzarini, deputy director of the LIGO Laboratory, “we can begin to make predictions about how often we might be hearing gravitational waves in the future. LIGO is bringing us a new way to observe some of the darkest yet most energetic events in our universe.”
This is just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the brand-new science of gravitational wave observation. Ultimately, these are the remarkable first fruits of a rich new harvest of astronomical information. LIGO’s next observing run, to begin this fall, will include an upgrade in sensitivity that’s expected to allow it to encompass 1.5 to 2 times more of the universe’s volume. Virgo is also expected to be online by that time, marking the true beginning of the age of gravitational wave astronomy.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 73 jaar jong.
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