Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
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The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
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Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
31-07-2016
The Debate Over Time’s Place in the Universe
The Debate Over Time’s Place in the Universe
Einstein once described his friend Michele Besso as “the best sounding board in Europe” for scientific ideas. They attended university together in Zurich; later they were colleagues at the patent office in Bern. When Besso died in the spring of 1955, Einstein—knowing that his own time was also running out—wrote a now-famous letter to Besso’s family. “Now he has departed this strange world a little ahead of me,” Einstein wrote of his friend’s passing. “That signifies nothing. For us believing physicists, the distinction between past, present, and future is only a stubbornly persistent illusion.”
Einstein’s statement was not merely an attempt at consolation. Many physicists argue that Einstein’s position is implied by the two pillars of modern physics: Einstein’s masterpiece, the general theory of relativity, and the Standard Model of particle physics. The laws that underlie these theories are time-symmetric—that is, the physics they describe is the same, regardless of whether the variable called “time” increases or decreases. Moreover, they say nothing at all about the point we call “now”—a special moment (or so it appears) for us, but seemingly undefined when we talk about the universe at large. The resulting timeless cosmos is sometimes called a “block universe”—a static block of space-time in which any flow of time, or passage through it, must presumably be a mental construct or other illusion.
George Ellis, a cosmologist at the University of Cape Town, listens to a presentation at the Time in Cosmology conferenceMany physicists have made peace with the idea of a block universe, arguing that the task of the physicist is to describe how the universe appears from the point of view of individual observers. To understand the distinction between past, present and future, you have to “plunge into this block universe and ask: ‘How is an observer perceiving time?’” said Andreas Albrecht, a physicist at the University of California, Davis, and one of the founders of the theory of cosmic inflation.Others vehemently disagree, arguing that the task of physics is to explain not just how time appears to pass, but why. For them, the universe is not static. The passage of time is physical. “I’m sick and tired of this block universe,” said Avshalom Elitzur, a physicist and philosopher formerly of Bar-Ilan University. “I don’t think that next Thursday has the same footing as this Thursday. The future does not exist. It does not! Ontologically, it’s not there.”Last month, about 60 physicists, along with a handful of philosophers and researchers from other branches of science, gathered at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Waterloo, Canada, to debate this question at the Time in Cosmology conference. The conference was co-organized by the physicist Lee Smolin, an outspoken critic of the block-universe idea (among other topics). His position is spelled out for a lay audience in Time Reborn and in a more technical work, The Singular Universe and the Reality of Time, co-authored with the philosopher Roberto Mangabeira Unger, who was also a co-organizer of the conference. In the latter work, mirroring Elitzur’s sentiments about the future’s lack of concreteness, Smolin wrote: “The future is not now real and there can be no definite facts of the matter about the future.” What is real is “the process by which future events are generated out of present events,” he said at the conference.Andreas Albrecht, a physicist at the University of California, Davis, presents his work on the nature of time. (Philip Cheung for Quanta Magazine)Those in attendance wrestled with several questions: the distinction between past, present, and future; why time appears to move in only one direction; and whether time is fundamental or emergent. Most of those issues, not surprisingly, remained unresolved. But for four days, participants listened attentively to the latest proposals for tackling these questions—and, especially, to the ways in which we might reconcile our perception of time’s passage with a static, seemingly timeless universe.
* * *
There are a few things that everyone agrees on. The directionality that we observe in the macroscopic world is very real: Teacups shatter but do not spontaneously reassemble; eggs can be scrambled but not unscrambled. Entropy—a measure of the disorder in a system—always increases, a fact encoded in the second law of thermodynamics. As the Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann understood in the 19th century, the second law explains why events are more likely to evolve in one direction rather than another. It accounts for the arrow of time.
But things get trickier when we step back and ask why we happen to live in a universe where such a law holds. “What Boltzmann truly explained is why the entropy of the universe will be larger tomorrow than it is today,” said Sean Carroll, a physicist at the California Institute of Technology, as we sat in a hotel bar after the second day of presentations. “But if that was all you knew, you’d also say that the entropy of the universe was probably larger yesterday than today— because all the underlying dynamics are completely symmetric with respect to time.” That is, if entropy is ultimately based on the underlying laws of the universe, and those laws are the same going forward and backward, then entropy is just as likely to increase going backward in time. But no one believes that entropy actually works that way. Scrambled eggs always come after whole eggs, never the other way around.
To make sense of this, physicists have proposed that the universe began in a very special, low-entropy state. In this view, which the Columbia University philosopher of physics David Albert named the “past hypothesis,” entropy increases because the Big Bang happened to produce an exceptionally low-entropy universe. There was nowhere to go but up. The past hypothesis implies that every time we cook an egg, we’re taking advantage of events that happened nearly 14 billion years ago. “What you need the Big Bang to explain is: ‘Why were there ever unbroken eggs?’” Carroll said.
Some physicists are more troubled than others by the past hypothesis. Taking things we don’t understand about the physics of today’s universe and saying the answer can be found in the Big Bang could be seen, perhaps, as passing the buck —or as sweeping our problems under the carpet. Every time we invoke initial conditions, “the pile of things under the rug gets bigger,” said Marina Cortes, a cosmologist at the Royal Observatory in Edinburgh and a co-organizer of the conference.
To Smolin, the past hypothesis feels more like an admission of failure than a useful step forward. As he puts it in The Singular Universe: “The fact to be explained is why the universe, even 13.8 billion years after the Big Bang, has not reached equilibrium, which is by definition the most probable state, and it hardly suffices to explain this by asserting that the universe started in an even less probable state than the present one.”
Other physicists, however, point out that it’s normal to develop theories that can describe a system given certain initial conditions. A theory needn’t strive to explain those conditions.
Another set of physicists think that the past hypothesis, while better than nothing, is more likely to be a placeholder than a final answer. Perhaps, if we’re lucky, it will point the way to something deeper. “Many people say that the past hypothesis is just a fact, and there isn’t any underlying way to explain it. I don’t rule out that possibility,” Carroll said. “To me, the past hypothesis is a clue to help us develop a more comprehensive view of the universe.”
Jenann Ismael, a philosopher at the University of Arizona, argues that the block universe holds within it the explanation for our experience of time’s apparent passage. *(Philip Cheung for Quanta Magazine)
------
Can the arrow of time be understood without invoking the past hypothesis? Some physicists argue that gravity—not thermodynamics—aims time’s arrow. In this view, gravity causes matter to clump together, defining an arrow of time that aligns itself with growth of complexity, said Tim Koslowski, a physicist at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (he described the idea in a 2014 paper co-authored by the British physicist Julian Barbour and Flavio Mercati, a physicist at Perimeter). Koslowski and his colleagues developed simple models of universes made up of 1,000 point-like particles, subject only to Newton’s law of gravitation, and found that there will always be a moment of maximum density and minimum complexity. As one moves away from that point, in either direction, complexity increases. Naturally, we—complex creatures capable of making observations—can only evolve at some distance from the minimum. Still, wherever we happen to find ourselves in the history of the universe, we can point to an era of less complexity and call it the past, Koslowski said. The models are globally time-symmetric, but every observer will experience a local arrow of time. It’s significant that the low-entropy starting point isn’t an add-on to the model. Rather, it emerges naturally from it. “Gravity essentially eliminates the need for a past hypothesis,” Koslowski said.
The idea that time moves in more than one direction, and that we just happen to inhabit a section of the cosmos with a single, locally defined arrow of time, isn’t new. Back in 2004, Carroll, along with his graduate student Jennifer Chen, put forward a similar proposal based on eternal inflation, a relatively well known model of the beginning of the universe. Carroll sees the work of Koslowski and his colleagues as a useful step, especially since they worked out the mathematical details of their model (he and Chen did not). Still, he has some concerns. For example, he said it’s not clear that gravity plays as important a role as their paper claims. “If you just had particles in empty space, you’d get exactly the same qualitative behavior,” he said.
Increasing complexity, Koslowski said, has one crucial side effect: It leads to the formation of certain arrangements of matter that maintain their structure over time. These structures can store information; Koslowski calls them “records.” Gravity is the first and primary force that makes record formation possible; other processes then give rise to everything from fossils and tree rings to written documents. What all of these entities have in common is that they contain information about some earlier state of the universe. I asked Koslowski if memories stored in brains are another kind of record. Yes, he said. “Ideally we would be able to build ever more complex models, and come eventually to the memory in my phone, the memory in my brain, in history books.” A more complex universe contains more records than a less complex universe, and this, Koslowski said, is why we remember the past but not the future.
But perhaps time is even more fundamental than this. For George Ellis, a cosmologist at the University of Cape Town in South Africa, time is a more basic entity, one that can be understood by picturing the block universe as itself evolving. In his “evolving block universe”model, the universe is a growing volume of space-time. The surface of this volume can be thought of as the present moment. The surface represents the instant where “the indefiniteness of the future changes to the definiteness of the past,” as he described it. “Space-time itself is growing as time passes.” One can discern the direction of time by looking at which part of the universe is fixed (the past) and which is changing (the future). Although some colleagues disagree, Ellis stresses that the model is a modification, not a radical overhaul, of the standard view. “This is a block universe with dynamics covered by the general-relativity field equations—absolutely standard—but with a future boundary that is the ever-changing present,” he said. In this view, while the past is fixed and unchangeable, the future is open. The model “obviously represents the passing of time in a more satisfactory way than the usual block universe,” he said.
The physicist Tim Koslowski listens to the discussion at the Time in Cosmology conference. (Philip Cheung for Quanta Magazine)
Unlike the traditional block view, Ellis’s picture appears to describe a universe with an open future—seemingly in conflict with a law-governed universe in which past physical states dictate future states. (Although quantum uncertainty, as Ellis pointed out, may be enough to sink such a deterministic view.) At the conference, someone asked Ellis if, given enough information about the physics of a sphere of a certain radius centered on the British Midlands in early June, one could have predicted the result of the Brexit vote. “Not using physics,” Ellis replied. For that, he said, we’d need a better understanding of how minds work.
Another approach that aims to reconcile the apparent passage of time with the block universe goes by the name of causal set theory. First developed in the 1980s as an approach to quantum gravity by the physicist Rafael Sorkin—who was also at the conference—the theory is based on the idea that space-time is discrete rather than continuous. In this view, although the universe appears continuous at the macroscopic level, if we could peer down to the so-called Planck scale (distances of about 10-35meters) we’d discover that the universe is made up of elementary units or “atoms” of space-time. The atoms form what mathematicians call a “partially ordered set”—an array in which each element is linked to an adjacent element in a particular sequence. The number of these atoms (estimated to be a whopping 10240 in the visible universe) gives rise to the volume of space-time, while their sequence gives rise to time. According to the theory, new space-time atoms are continuously coming into existence. Fay Dowker, a physicist at Imperial College London, referred to this at the conference as “accretive time.” She invited everyone to think of space-time as accreting new space-time atoms in way roughly analogous to a seabed depositing new layers of sediment over time. General relativity yields only a block, but causal sets seem to allow a “becoming,” she said. “The block universe is a static thing—a static picture of the world—whereas this process of becoming is dynamical.” In this view, the passage of time is a fundamental rather than an emergent feature of the cosmos. (Causal set theory has made at least one successful prediction about the universe, Dowker pointed out, having been used to estimate the value of the cosmological constant based only on the space-time volume of the universe.)
********
The challenge, she said, is to frame this first-person experience within the static block offered by physics.
In the face of these competing models, many thinkers seem to have stopped worrying and learned to love (or at least tolerate) the block universe.
Perhaps the strongest statement made at the conference in favor of the block universe’s compatibility with everyday experience came from the philosopher Jenann Ismael of the University of Arizona. The way Ismael sees it, the block universe, properly understood, holds within it the explanation for our experience of time’s apparent passage. A careful look at conventional physics, supplemented by what we’ve learned in recent decades from cognitive science and psychology, can recover “the flow, the whoosh, of experience,” she said. In this view, time is not an illusion—in fact, we experience it directly. She cited studies that show that each moment we experience represents a finite interval of time. In other words, we don’t infer the flow of time; it’s part of the experience itself. The challenge, she said, is to frame this first-person experience within the static block offered by physics—to examine “how the world looks from the evolving frame of reference of an embedded perceiver” whose history is represented by a curve within the space-time of the block universe.
Ismael’s presentation drew a mixed response. Carroll said he agreed with everything she had said; Elitzur said he “wanted to scream” during her talk. (He later clarified: “If I bang my head against the wall, it’s because I hate the future.”) An objection voiced many times during the conference was that the block universe seems to imply, in some important way, that the future already exists, yet statements about, say, next Thursday’s weather are neither true nor false. For some, this seems like an insurmountable problem with the block-universe view. Ismael had heard these objections many times before. Future events exist, she said, they just don’t exist now. “The block universe is not a changing picture,” she said.“It’s a picture of change.” Things happen when they happen. “This is a moment—and I know everybody here is going to hate this—but physics could do with some philosophy,” she said. “There’s a long history of discussion about the truth-values of future contingent statements—and it really has nothing to do with the experience of time.” And for those who wanted to read more? “I recommend Aristotle,” she said.
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The Debate Over Time’s Place in the Universe
The Debate Over Time’s Place in the Universe
Einstein once described his friend Michele Besso as “the best sounding board in Europe” for scientific ideas. They attended university together in Zurich; later they were colleagues at the patent office in Bern. When Besso died in the spring of 1955, Einstein—knowing that his own time was also running out—wrote a now-famous letter to Besso’s family. “Now he has departed this strange world a little ahead of me,” Einstein wrote of his friend’s passing. “That signifies nothing. For us believing physicists, the distinction between past, present, and future is only a stubbornly persistent illusion.”
Einstein’s statement was not merely an attempt at consolation. Many physicists argue that Einstein’s position is implied by the two pillars of modern physics: Einstein’s masterpiece, the general theory of relativity, and the Standard Model of particle physics. The laws that underlie these theories are time-symmetric—that is, the physics they describe is the same, regardless of whether the variable called “time” increases or decreases. Moreover, they say nothing at all about the point we call “now”—a special moment (or so it appears) for us, but seemingly undefined when we talk about the universe at large. The resulting timeless cosmos is sometimes called a “block universe”—a static block of space-time in which any flow of time, or passage through it, must presumably be a mental construct or other illusion.
George Ellis, a cosmologist at the University of Cape Town, listens to a presentation at the Time in Cosmology conferenceMany physicists have made peace with the idea of a block universe, arguing that the task of the physicist is to describe how the universe appears from the point of view of individual observers. To understand the distinction between past, present and future, you have to “plunge into this block universe and ask: ‘How is an observer perceiving time?’” said Andreas Albrecht, a physicist at the University of California, Davis, and one of the founders of the theory of cosmic inflation.Others vehemently disagree, arguing that the task of physics is to explain not just how time appears to pass, but why. For them, the universe is not static. The passage of time is physical. “I’m sick and tired of this block universe,” said Avshalom Elitzur, a physicist and philosopher formerly of Bar-Ilan University. “I don’t think that next Thursday has the same footing as this Thursday. The future does not exist. It does not! Ontologically, it’s not there.”Last month, about 60 physicists, along with a handful of philosophers and researchers from other branches of science, gathered at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Waterloo, Canada, to debate this question at the Time in Cosmology conference. The conference was co-organized by the physicist Lee Smolin, an outspoken critic of the block-universe idea (among other topics). His position is spelled out for a lay audience in Time Reborn and in a more technical work, The Singular Universe and the Reality of Time, co-authored with the philosopher Roberto Mangabeira Unger, who was also a co-organizer of the conference. In the latter work, mirroring Elitzur’s sentiments about the future’s lack of concreteness, Smolin wrote: “The future is not now real and there can be no definite facts of the matter about the future.” What is real is “the process by which future events are generated out of present events,” he said at the conference.Andreas Albrecht, a physicist at the University of California, Davis, presents his work on the nature of time. (Philip Cheung for Quanta Magazine)Those in attendance wrestled with several questions: the distinction between past, present, and future; why time appears to move in only one direction; and whether time is fundamental or emergent. Most of those issues, not surprisingly, remained unresolved. But for four days, participants listened attentively to the latest proposals for tackling these questions—and, especially, to the ways in which we might reconcile our perception of time’s passage with a static, seemingly timeless universe.
* * *
There are a few things that everyone agrees on. The directionality that we observe in the macroscopic world is very real: Teacups shatter but do not spontaneously reassemble; eggs can be scrambled but not unscrambled. Entropy—a measure of the disorder in a system—always increases, a fact encoded in the second law of thermodynamics. As the Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann understood in the 19th century, the second law explains why events are more likely to evolve in one direction rather than another. It accounts for the arrow of time.
But things get trickier when we step back and ask why we happen to live in a universe where such a law holds. “What Boltzmann truly explained is why the entropy of the universe will be larger tomorrow than it is today,” said Sean Carroll, a physicist at the California Institute of Technology, as we sat in a hotel bar after the second day of presentations. “But if that was all you knew, you’d also say that the entropy of the universe was probably larger yesterday than today— because all the underlying dynamics are completely symmetric with respect to time.” That is, if entropy is ultimately based on the underlying laws of the universe, and those laws are the same going forward and backward, then entropy is just as likely to increase going backward in time. But no one believes that entropy actually works that way. Scrambled eggs always come after whole eggs, never the other way around.
To make sense of this, physicists have proposed that the universe began in a very special, low-entropy state. In this view, which the Columbia University philosopher of physics David Albert named the “past hypothesis,” entropy increases because the Big Bang happened to produce an exceptionally low-entropy universe. There was nowhere to go but up. The past hypothesis implies that every time we cook an egg, we’re taking advantage of events that happened nearly 14 billion years ago. “What you need the Big Bang to explain is: ‘Why were there ever unbroken eggs?’” Carroll said.
Some physicists are more troubled than others by the past hypothesis. Taking things we don’t understand about the physics of today’s universe and saying the answer can be found in the Big Bang could be seen, perhaps, as passing the buck —or as sweeping our problems under the carpet. Every time we invoke initial conditions, “the pile of things under the rug gets bigger,” said Marina Cortes, a cosmologist at the Royal Observatory in Edinburgh and a co-organizer of the conference.
To Smolin, the past hypothesis feels more like an admission of failure than a useful step forward. As he puts it in The Singular Universe: “The fact to be explained is why the universe, even 13.8 billion years after the Big Bang, has not reached equilibrium, which is by definition the most probable state, and it hardly suffices to explain this by asserting that the universe started in an even less probable state than the present one.”
Other physicists, however, point out that it’s normal to develop theories that can describe a system given certain initial conditions. A theory needn’t strive to explain those conditions.
Another set of physicists think that the past hypothesis, while better than nothing, is more likely to be a placeholder than a final answer. Perhaps, if we’re lucky, it will point the way to something deeper. “Many people say that the past hypothesis is just a fact, and there isn’t any underlying way to explain it. I don’t rule out that possibility,” Carroll said. “To me, the past hypothesis is a clue to help us develop a more comprehensive view of the universe.”
Jenann Ismael, a philosopher at the University of Arizona, argues that the block universe holds within it the explanation for our experience of time’s apparent passage. *(Philip Cheung for Quanta Magazine)
------
Can the arrow of time be understood without invoking the past hypothesis? Some physicists argue that gravity—not thermodynamics—aims time’s arrow. In this view, gravity causes matter to clump together, defining an arrow of time that aligns itself with growth of complexity, said Tim Koslowski, a physicist at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (he described the idea in a 2014 paper co-authored by the British physicist Julian Barbour and Flavio Mercati, a physicist at Perimeter). Koslowski and his colleagues developed simple models of universes made up of 1,000 point-like particles, subject only to Newton’s law of gravitation, and found that there will always be a moment of maximum density and minimum complexity. As one moves away from that point, in either direction, complexity increases. Naturally, we—complex creatures capable of making observations—can only evolve at some distance from the minimum. Still, wherever we happen to find ourselves in the history of the universe, we can point to an era of less complexity and call it the past, Koslowski said. The models are globally time-symmetric, but every observer will experience a local arrow of time. It’s significant that the low-entropy starting point isn’t an add-on to the model. Rather, it emerges naturally from it. “Gravity essentially eliminates the need for a past hypothesis,” Koslowski said.
The idea that time moves in more than one direction, and that we just happen to inhabit a section of the cosmos with a single, locally defined arrow of time, isn’t new. Back in 2004, Carroll, along with his graduate student Jennifer Chen, put forward a similar proposal based on eternal inflation, a relatively well known model of the beginning of the universe. Carroll sees the work of Koslowski and his colleagues as a useful step, especially since they worked out the mathematical details of their model (he and Chen did not). Still, he has some concerns. For example, he said it’s not clear that gravity plays as important a role as their paper claims. “If you just had particles in empty space, you’d get exactly the same qualitative behavior,” he said.
Increasing complexity, Koslowski said, has one crucial side effect: It leads to the formation of certain arrangements of matter that maintain their structure over time. These structures can store information; Koslowski calls them “records.” Gravity is the first and primary force that makes record formation possible; other processes then give rise to everything from fossils and tree rings to written documents. What all of these entities have in common is that they contain information about some earlier state of the universe. I asked Koslowski if memories stored in brains are another kind of record. Yes, he said. “Ideally we would be able to build ever more complex models, and come eventually to the memory in my phone, the memory in my brain, in history books.” A more complex universe contains more records than a less complex universe, and this, Koslowski said, is why we remember the past but not the future.
But perhaps time is even more fundamental than this. For George Ellis, a cosmologist at the University of Cape Town in South Africa, time is a more basic entity, one that can be understood by picturing the block universe as itself evolving. In his “evolving block universe”model, the universe is a growing volume of space-time. The surface of this volume can be thought of as the present moment. The surface represents the instant where “the indefiniteness of the future changes to the definiteness of the past,” as he described it. “Space-time itself is growing as time passes.” One can discern the direction of time by looking at which part of the universe is fixed (the past) and which is changing (the future). Although some colleagues disagree, Ellis stresses that the model is a modification, not a radical overhaul, of the standard view. “This is a block universe with dynamics covered by the general-relativity field equations—absolutely standard—but with a future boundary that is the ever-changing present,” he said. In this view, while the past is fixed and unchangeable, the future is open. The model “obviously represents the passing of time in a more satisfactory way than the usual block universe,” he said.
The physicist Tim Koslowski listens to the discussion at the Time in Cosmology conference. (Philip Cheung for Quanta Magazine)
Unlike the traditional block view, Ellis’s picture appears to describe a universe with an open future—seemingly in conflict with a law-governed universe in which past physical states dictate future states. (Although quantum uncertainty, as Ellis pointed out, may be enough to sink such a deterministic view.) At the conference, someone asked Ellis if, given enough information about the physics of a sphere of a certain radius centered on the British Midlands in early June, one could have predicted the result of the Brexit vote. “Not using physics,” Ellis replied. For that, he said, we’d need a better understanding of how minds work.
Another approach that aims to reconcile the apparent passage of time with the block universe goes by the name of causal set theory. First developed in the 1980s as an approach to quantum gravity by the physicist Rafael Sorkin—who was also at the conference—the theory is based on the idea that space-time is discrete rather than continuous. In this view, although the universe appears continuous at the macroscopic level, if we could peer down to the so-called Planck scale (distances of about 10-35meters) we’d discover that the universe is made up of elementary units or “atoms” of space-time. The atoms form what mathematicians call a “partially ordered set”—an array in which each element is linked to an adjacent element in a particular sequence. The number of these atoms (estimated to be a whopping 10240 in the visible universe) gives rise to the volume of space-time, while their sequence gives rise to time. According to the theory, new space-time atoms are continuously coming into existence. Fay Dowker, a physicist at Imperial College London, referred to this at the conference as “accretive time.” She invited everyone to think of space-time as accreting new space-time atoms in way roughly analogous to a seabed depositing new layers of sediment over time. General relativity yields only a block, but causal sets seem to allow a “becoming,” she said. “The block universe is a static thing—a static picture of the world—whereas this process of becoming is dynamical.” In this view, the passage of time is a fundamental rather than an emergent feature of the cosmos. (Causal set theory has made at least one successful prediction about the universe, Dowker pointed out, having been used to estimate the value of the cosmological constant based only on the space-time volume of the universe.)
********
The challenge, she said, is to frame this first-person experience within the static block offered by physics.
In the face of these competing models, many thinkers seem to have stopped worrying and learned to love (or at least tolerate) the block universe.
Perhaps the strongest statement made at the conference in favor of the block universe’s compatibility with everyday experience came from the philosopher Jenann Ismael of the University of Arizona. The way Ismael sees it, the block universe, properly understood, holds within it the explanation for our experience of time’s apparent passage. A careful look at conventional physics, supplemented by what we’ve learned in recent decades from cognitive science and psychology, can recover “the flow, the whoosh, of experience,” she said. In this view, time is not an illusion—in fact, we experience it directly. She cited studies that show that each moment we experience represents a finite interval of time. In other words, we don’t infer the flow of time; it’s part of the experience itself. The challenge, she said, is to frame this first-person experience within the static block offered by physics—to examine “how the world looks from the evolving frame of reference of an embedded perceiver” whose history is represented by a curve within the space-time of the block universe.
Ismael’s presentation drew a mixed response. Carroll said he agreed with everything she had said; Elitzur said he “wanted to scream” during her talk. (He later clarified: “If I bang my head against the wall, it’s because I hate the future.”) An objection voiced many times during the conference was that the block universe seems to imply, in some important way, that the future already exists, yet statements about, say, next Thursday’s weather are neither true nor false. For some, this seems like an insurmountable problem with the block-universe view. Ismael had heard these objections many times before. Future events exist, she said, they just don’t exist now. “The block universe is not a changing picture,” she said.“It’s a picture of change.” Things happen when they happen. “This is a moment—and I know everybody here is going to hate this—but physics could do with some philosophy,” she said. “There’s a long history of discussion about the truth-values of future contingent statements—and it really has nothing to do with the experience of time.” And for those who wanted to read more? “I recommend Aristotle,” she said.
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Gullies on Mars Likely Not Carved by Liquid Water, NASA Says
Gullies on Mars Likely Not Carved by Liquid Water, NASA Says
By Calla Cofield, Space.com Staff Writer
Top: A region of the Martian landscape taken by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) that features a series of gullies.
Below: The same image, overlaid with observations by MRO's Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM).
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/UA/JHUAPL
Gullies that lace the surface of Mars appear similar to those carved out on Earth by flowing water — but a new a deep look at the Red Planet turned up no evidence that the life-giving liquid is the cause of the Martian features.
The surface of Mars appears to light up in pastel shades of pink, purple, blue and green in a new image from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO). The colors show the chemical composition of a region that includes a handful of gullies streaking across the surface like veins.
While some scientists had theorized that the gullies form in a fashion similar to gullies on Earth — typically via a process involving liquid water — new composition maps of more than 100 gully sites provide no evidence of "abundant liquid water or its byproducts" in the shallow channels, according to a statement from NASA. [The Search for Water on Mars in Photos]
Scientists have a few clues to work with when trying to unravel how the Martian gullies form — and from there, learn something about the relatively recent geologic activity on the planet. First, the Martian gullies are "a widespread and common feature" on Mars, mostly between the 30- and 50-degree latitudes in both hemispheres, and generally occur "on slopes that face toward the poles," according to the NASA statement.
Previous observations by MRO's powerful High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera showed seasonal activity in gullies, Jorge Núñez of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland, and lead author of the new study, said in the statement.
This animated NASA image shows a region of Mars that is home to gullies. The view is overlaid with observations that show the presence of different minerals on the surface.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/UA/JHUAPL
Seasonal variations in surface features typically suggest that whatever is responsible for the features might be undergoing changes associated with ups and downs in temperature — such as water melting and freezing. For example, the seasonal appearance of dark streaks on the slopes of some Martian hillsides, known as recurring slope lineae (RSL), appears to be caused by the flow of very salty liquid water on the surface of Mars today.
Mars' gullies are different than the RSL, but, according to Nunez, some researchers had thought that liquid water might also be the mechanism forming the gullies. However, he noted that the "main mechanism" that the HiRISE researchers suspected was the freezing and thawing of carbon dioxide frost. (Evidence has been mounting in recent years to suggest that water is not the cause of the gullies' formation, including the results of a study from 2014 and another from 2010.)
To figure out which mechanism was at work, scientists want to look at the minerals present in the gullies.
"On Earth and on Mars, we know that the presence of phyllosilicates — clays — or other hydrated minerals indicates formation in liquid water," Núñez said in the statement.
Because different chemical elements absorb light differently, it's possible to "read" light coming from an object and see the different elements present therein with an instrument called a spectrometer. So the team aimed another MRO instrument at the gullies, the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM). (HiRISE captures optical images, and thus couldn't provide any evidence about the minerals in or around the gullies.)
"In our study, we found no evidence for clays or other hydrated minerals in most of the gullies we studied," Núñez said. He noted that the clays they did see appeared to be ancient deposits that were exposed in the formation of the gullies, "rather than altered in more recent flowing water."
"These gullies are carving into the terrain and exposing clays that likely formed billions of years ago when liquid water was more stable on the Martian surface," he said.
The new study doesn't show conclusively that carbon dioxide frost is the culprit in forming the gullies, but it adds support to models that demonstrate that hypothesis.
The CRISM observation and analysis by Núñez and colleagues has been published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.
Mystery Solved: Black Holes Twist Space-Time Like Taffy
Mystery Solved: Black Holes Twist Space-Time Like Taffy
By Space.com, staff
This artist's impression depicts the accretion disc surrounding a black hole, in which the inner region of the disc precesses. "Precession" means that the orbit of material surrounding the black hole changes orientation around the central object.
Credit: ESA/ATG medialab
A 30-year-old mystery about black holes has just been solved.
The story starts in the 1980s, when astronomers found that small (stellar-mass) black holes emit X-ray light that flickers in a curious pattern. At first, this flickering occurs every few seconds; however, the time between each flicker shortens over the course of a few months, eventually stopping completely.
This "quasi-periodic oscillation" (QPO) was thought to be a result of a phenomenon predicted by Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity — that any object with enough mass, like a black hole, will twist space-time as it spins. Later, scientists calculated that these gravitational vortices will cause the orbits of particles around the black hole to change orientation, leading to the QPO phenomenon. [Images: Black Holes of the Universe]
"It is a bit like twisting a spoon in honey: Imagine that the honey is space, and anything embedded in the honey will be 'dragged' around by the twisting spoon," Adam Ingram, lead author of a new study describing the findings, said in a statement. "In reality, this means that anything orbiting a spinning object will have its motion affected," added Ingram, of the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands.
Though the observed QPO periods were close to those predicted by this idea, there had not been enough evidence to nail down the connection — until now.
Black Hole : How Well Do You Know Nature's Weirdest Creations?
Black holes are so bizarre, they sound unreal. Yet astronomers have found good evidence they exist. Test your knowledge of these wacky wonders.
Observations by the European Space Agency's XMM-Newton spacecraft and NASA's Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) satellite show that matter orbiting close to a black hole moves in paths that wobble in a characteristic way — one that reveals the gravity-twisting behavior of black holes, the researchers said.
The two satellites observed the X-ray light emitted by iron atoms in one black hole's accretion disk — the flat collection of dust and gas spiraling into the object. The accretion disk is receding on one side and approaching on the other, relative to the spacecraft; the light emitted is therefore shifted toward the blue end of the spectrum on the approaching side, and red-shifted on the other. (This is similar to the way sound waves emitted by an ambulance's siren are shifted as the vehicle approaches and then passes an observer.)
These shifts revealed the twisting motion of the accretion disk, which was caused by the black hole's powerful gravity, the researchers said.
"We have spent a lot of time trying to find smoking-gun evidence for this behavior," Ingram said.
The new study was published in May in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
An ultraviolet image of a small area of the Virgo Cluster of galaxies, which consists of more than 1,300 galaxies packed into a dense clump only 65 million light-years away.
Somewhere, in the deepest reaches of the cosmos, far from the safe confines of our home galaxy, the Milky Way, lies a monster. Slowly, inevitably, it is pulling. Over the course of billions of years, it draws us and everything near us closer to it. The only force that acts over such immense distance scales and through cosmic periods of time is gravity, so whatever it is, it's massive and unrelenting.
We call it the Great Attractor, and until recently, its true nature has been a complete mystery. Note that it's still a mystery, just not a complete one.
The Great Attractor was first discovered in the 1970s when astronomers made detailed maps of the Cosmic Microwave Background (the light left over from the early universe), and noticed that it was slightly (and "slightly" here means less than one one-hundredth of a degree Fahrenheit) warmer on one side of the Milky Way than the other — implying that the galaxy was moving through space at the brisk clip of about 370 miles per second (600 km/s).
Even though astronomers could measure the rapid velocity, they couldn't explain its origin.
First, why is there a mystery in the first place? Astronomers are fantastically good at looking at stuff in space — it is, after all, their one job. So you'd think by now someone would've pointed a telescope in the direction of our motion and … well, figured it out. But there's a problem: whatever the Great Attractor is, it lies in the direction of the constellation Centaurus, and the disk of our own Milky Way cuts right through our view that way. Our galaxy is full of junk — stars, gas, dust, more gas — and all that junk blocks the light from the more distant universe.
So we're fantastically good at mapping most of the large-scale structure of the universe, except where we're forced to look through our own galaxy. Ever the dramatic bunch, astronomers have called this region the Zone of Avoidance.
And dang it, the Great Attractor sits right back there, deep in the Zone, difficult to characterize. Thankfully, that's been starting to change, as X-ray and radio astronomers have peered through the murky depths of the Milky Way and begun a hazy, uncertain sketch of that hitherto unknown patch of universe.
Go Big and go home
To understand what's going on with the Great Attractor, we need to look at the big picture. And I mean Big: The biggest picture of all. Beyond our Milky Way galaxy is our nearest decent-size galactic neighbor, the Andromeda Galaxy. A little over 2.5 million light-years away, it's practically down the street at the scales I'm talking about.
The Milky Way, Andromeda, the Triangulum Galaxy, and a few dozen hangers-on form the Local Group, a gravitationally bound clump about 10 million light-years across.
The Next Big Thing down the way is the Virgo Cluster, the Downtown of our local patch of universe: More than 1,300 galaxies packed into a dense clump only 65 million light-years away. The Virgo Cluster is gravitationally bound, too, which means about what you think it would mean: Its member galaxies tend to hang out near each other, tied up by their mutual gravity.
Going bigger than that and it gets a little fuzzy, in terms of defining extra-galactic structures. There are enormous collections of galaxies called "superclusters," and for a long time they were loosely defined as "Eh, it's larger than a cluster, but smaller than a universe." They got sweet names, too, based on what constellation we looked through to map out the structure, or named after old astronomers: Virgo Supercluster, Hydra-Centaurus Supercluster, Shapley Supercluster, etc. That definition worked fine until we needed to start getting serious work done; e.g., figuring out what the heck is going on with the Great Attractor.
Go with the Flow
We live in a hierarchical universe. That is, over the past 13-and-change billion years, matter has been accumulating into small clumps, which merged into bigger clumps, which merged into even bigger clumps. The party came to a stop, however, about 5 billion years ago when dark energy started to dominate … but that's the subject of another article.
Our universe has already formed galaxies, groups and clusters. Our own Local Group is condensing, with the Milky Way and Andromeda headed for a collision in about 5 billion years. The Local Group itself, along with some other groups and smaller clusters, are cruising along the gravitational highways to the downtown Virgo Cluster, which is at the center of the conveniently-named Virgo Supercluster.
And all the nearby stuff — including the Milky Way, Andromeda, the Virgo Cluster, and environs — are heading toward the Great Attractor. A combination of more sophisticated (read: any) surveys within the Zone of Avoidance, and a more sophisticated (read: any) understanding of what exactly is a "supercluster," have begun to unravel the mystery of the Great Attractor.
Instead of just being a "large blob of galaxies," studies of the velocities of galaxies in our local neighborhood of the universe have led to a better working definition of "supercluster:" a volume of space where all the galaxies in that space are "flowing" to a common center. And this definition has reworked our understanding of the local universe. The Virgo Supercluster isn't an isolated object, but just an arm (to be fair, a tremendously huge arm) of an even larger structure: the Laniakea Supercluster.
The Not-So-Great Attractor
Looking at super-galactic structures through the lens of flows of matter, it's easy to see what's going on with the Great Attractor. We live in a hierarchical universe, with small structures assembling like galactic Lego blocks into larger ones. The Milky Way and Andromeda are headed toward the center of the Local Group as it condenses. All the stuff in the Virgo Supercluster is falling toward its center: the Virgo Cluster.
And all the stuff in the Laniakea Supercluster is falling toward its center, currently occupied by the Norma Cluster, which is the accumulation of all the gas and galaxies that already beat us there.
So the Great Attractor isn't really a thing, but a place: the focal point of our patch of the universe, the end result of a process set in motion more than 13 billion years ago, and the natural result of the flows and buildup of matter in our universe. How did this process begin? Well, that, too, is another article….
And before I go: The Great Attractor won't stay that Great for long. In fact, we'll never reach it. Before we do, dark energy will rip the Norma Cluster away from us. Clusters will stay like they are, but superclusters will never live up to their names. So take comfort in that: we have nothing to fear from the Great Attractor.
A very young star has been discovered by itself, far from any star forming region. It is so isolated that astronomers are confounded as to how it came to be.
By collecting data from several observatories, researchers have realized that the star, called CX330, is going through an outburst. This energetic phase in the star's youth has heated the gas and dust surrounding it, making it glow in infrared radiation.
The fact that its outburst has been detected puts it in an already rare collection of stellar objects, but what makes CX330 unique is its apparent solitude. Frankly, the star shouldn't exist and in earlier observations it wasn't clear if it was even a star.
"We tried various interpretations for it, and the only one that makes sense is that this rapidly growing young star is forming in the middle of nowhere," said Chris Britt, of Texas Tech University in Lubbock, in a statement. Britt is lead author of a study focusing on CX330published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
WATCH VIDEO: The Youngest Galaxy and Oldest Star
By comparing infrared observations by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and Spitzer Space Telescope, Britt's team found the star had increased in brightness 100-fold between 2007 and 2010. Only around a dozen stars exhibiting this type of rapid outburst have been recorded, but all were found in dense star-forming regions inhabited by other young stars. These stellar nurseries are hothouses for star formation.
But CX330 is 1,000 light-years from the nearest star forming region, leaving the researchers to speculate how it ended up by itself in an apparently empty void.
Could it be possible that the star was formed in a star formation region, only for it to be gravitationally slingshot out of the nest? This is highly unlikely as astronomers estimate the star is only a million years old and it is still consuming the gas and dust surrounding it. All lines of inquiry point to the fact the star was born where it is now and hasn't migrated far.
Another idea is that it might not be alone at all and it's with a group of other very faint stars, though there is no observational clues of their existence.
Regardless of its origins, we are very lucky to see the energetic outburst of a young star as this phase is predicted to last only a few years -- a fraction of a moment when considering the millions to billions of years life cycle of a star.
The last observations of CX330 were taken in 2015 and astronomers hope to check in with the baby star again soon to see whether it is still having a tantrum. By doing so, they hope to refine stellar evolution models. One model of star birth suggests singular stars can be born alone, far from the frenzied star nurseries where many stellar embryos compete for material to grow, sparked by turbulence in an interstellar cloud. If CX330 really is a stellar loner, it could be a unique example of this fascinating star formation model.
Filer’s Files #31 – 2016 New UFO Revelations - PART I
A farmer in Strongfield, Canada shot this image on-July 1st 2016.
Filer’s Files #31 – 2016 New UFO Revelations - PART I
In special reports, this week’s files cover: Dr. Linus Pauling and UFOs, William Tompkins Aviation Designer, Vril UFO Disc Developer Maria Orsic, Majestic 12 Document, Brazilian Air Force UFO Document Release, and 2016 UFO Sighting Map.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over California, Florida, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Texas, Utah, and Virginia.
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena sightings were reported over Australia, Canada, Eire, Georgia, Macedonia, Portugal, Russia, Sri Lanka, and England in the United Kingdom.
The Filer Research Institute feels the scientific study of UFOs is for the benefit of humankind and is an important endeavor. The weekly intelligence report provides you with information on the latest sightings and UFO news that you need to understand the world situation. The purpose of these files is to report the UFO eyewitness and photo/video evidence that occurs on a daily basis around the world and in space. These Files assume that extraterrestrial intelligent life not only exists, but my hypothesis is that the over a thousand UFOs reported each month represent technologically advanced spacecraft conducting surveillance of Earth. I personally became interested in UFOs when London Control ordered me to intercept one over England while flying for the US Air Force and Prince Phillip told me of his personal interest in UFOs. The US Air Force investigated UFOs for more than twenty years under Project Blue Book; and I continue this advanced research. I believe the God of the universe has spread life throughout the cosmos and UFO’s are visiting us in ever-increasing numbers.
There is a new world coming
Lt. George A. Filer III a few years ago
New Jersey State Director
MUFON Eastern Region Director
Www.nationalUFOcenter.com. Now receiving 3 million hits a month
Forward these files to your friends and neighbors.
Special Projects
Dr. Linus Pauling and UFOs
Anthony Bragalia writes, Nobel Prize winner Dr. Linus Pauling -physicist, chemist and controversial advocate of Vitamin C therapy- was a secret UFO researcher who authored intriguing confidential studies on the flying saucer phenomena. Recently acquired information also reveals that Pauling may have provided his technical expertise to Battelle Memorial Institute in the study of Roswell-like memory metal in the years after the crash!
Emerging research reveals that Pauling was intensely studying UFOs and that he had a special relationship with Battelle- a research and development contractor known to have been active in UFO study through its work with the USAF’s Project Blue Book. Battelle has also been implicated in the study of the Roswell UFO crash debris “memory metal.” Pauling was invited by Clyde Williams, the Director of Battelle at the time of the Roswell crash, to discuss “intermetallics” – a class of materials which are the basis for “shape memory” alloys!
A truly multi-disciplinary scientist, Pauling is distinguished as one of only four individuals to have won multiple Nobel prizes. He is the only scientist to have ever been awarded his prizes without sharing it with another recipient. Named in the list of the “20 Greatest Scientists of All Time” by New Scientist magazine, Pauling held a PhD in Mathematical Physics and Physical Chemistry from Caltech.
Francis Crick, the co-inventor of the DNA model, was a close Pauling associate. Crick acknowledged Dr. Pauling as one of the world’s “greatest minds” and to be “The Father of Molecular Biology.” Crick was also the architect of the theory of “Directed Panspermia” which holds that the “seeds of life” were spread through the Universe through extraterrestrial action. Crick -like his friend Linus Pauling- shared deep interest in intelligent life elsewhere in the Universe.
PAULING’S VITAMIN C DISCOVERY
Pauling is most well-known by the general public for his advocacy of high doses of Vitamin C to help lessen the duration and severity of the common cold. Today millions consume the vitamin for the prevention and treatment of colds and in the improvement of health.
Pauling personally consumed 3 grams of Vitamin C every day of his adult life. He died in 1994 at the age of 93. Pauling believed that an adjunctive cancer therapy could be found in mega-doses of Vitamin C delivered by IV. In 2007, the National Academy of Science reported that cancer survival rates were substantially improved with IV-delivered Vitamin C. Phase I Clinical Trials are expected to begin shortly.
Holding Top Secret clearance during WW II, Pauling advanced military research and development and devised many inventions for our defense departments including life-safety systems, explosives and missile propellants. However Pauling -with his belief in ET clearly established, as shown in the next section of this article- then abruptly eschewed his military R&D work in favor of becoming a vocal peace advocate. He championed nuclear disarmament and opposed the militarization of outer space. UFO STUDIES Pauling’s lifelong dedication to scientific discovery included the intense study of the flying saucer phenomena and of extraterrestrial intelligence. He believed it to be likely that we have been visited by beings capable of interplanetary travel. Within documents that were located in the Special Collections library at Oregon State University (where Pauling earned a degree in Chemical Engineering and where his papers are now archived) are found portions of UFO studies by Pauling that he composed in July of 1966. Pauling examines several aspects of UFOs and offers ideas about the phenomena that were advanced many years later by others. He explores the possibility that extraterrestrial beings have been in contact with the earth over a long period of time.” He also alluded to the idea of Panspermia- a concept advanced by his friend, Francis Crick the Nobel Prize winner who discovered DNA, years before Crick did so. Pauling envisions “the extraterrestrial origin of man and some or all of the organisms on earth.” When Pauling died, it was discovered that he had maintained a massive library of well-worn UFO books.
Pauling was a close friend of Clyde Williams, the Executive Director of Battelle Memorial Institute in the 1940s and 1950s. Williams and Pauling shared a unique research interest in “intermetallics” which are especially complex metal alloys that are associated with “shape memory” or the ability to “morph.” Battelle was contracted by Wright Patterson Air Force Base to conduct scientific analysis on the UFO phenomenon in support of the Air Force’s Project Grudge (later Project Blue Book.).” Williams wanted to tap Pauling’s expertise in exotic metals to determine the structure of intermetallic compounds in the UFO crash at Roswell.” Dr. Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for “research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application in the elucidation of complex substances.” In fact by the 1950s, Pauling was thought to be the premier materials chemist in the entire world. Intermetallics constitute a then-novel (and highly unusual) class of materials. They are mostly compounds of metals whose crystal structures are different from those of constituent metals. The best known representatives of intermetallics are the shape memory alloys (SMA’s.) Shape memory metal was reported as a “morphing material” found at the reported UFO crashes near Roswell, New Mexico in 1947. The best known of these shape-recovery materials is Nitinol. Nitinol has been historically traced by this author as having its origins in Battelle studies that were contracted by Wright Patterson AFB, where the crash material was reportedly flown to.
Buried within the pages of Pauling’s personal copy of the 1966 bestseller Flying Saucers: Serious Business is a copy of a letter from Pauling to the President of the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology that concerns UFO study; and includes the statement, “There are such difficult cases as the rancher near Roswell, New Mexico.” Linus Pauling -one of the most brilliant scientists in all history. But perhaps it is his work on UFOs and exotic metals – and his subsequent promotion of global and interplanetary peace- that may well prove to be his greatest legacy. Special Thanks to Tony Bragalia
William Tompkins Aviation Designer
William Tompkins with Admiral Larry Marsh
Aviation designer William (Bill) Tompkins appears to be one of the most highly prized employees of the government’s secret space program for his ability to conceptualize the big picture placing him at the highest levels of the alien-human interface. Dr Bob Woods introduced me to Bill saying that Bill worked at Lockheed when he was there and had excess to some of the most extraordinary projects. Bill claims Navy Admirals are encouraging him to tell his classified story.
Bill had high level clearances in the Navy, at Douglas Aviation, Northrop., JPL and NASA.
He claims in his book, “Selected by Extraterrestrials,” there is an alien ET threat. He helped the Navy to push into space to counter these threats through the development of fantastic near and deep space battle groups and bases in this solar system and on other solar systems across the universe in alliance with friendly ETs. Bill and the female Nordic ETs played a very large role in conceptualizing and presenting this to the Naval High Command which essentially runs NASA. Bill claims we are working with Nordic ETs who are helping us copy what the Nordic ETs already have operating across part of our Galaxy. Bill worked with the help of mostly female Nordic friendly ETs he worked with within aviation companies. He claims not all ETs are friendly; the Draco Reptilians are aggressive and plan to take over the Earth. We are being hindered by unfriendly Reptilian-Grey groups also infiltrating the secret programs. He claims the Reptilians have become masters of manipulation of earth human minds. The other races like the Nordic humans intervene both physically and telepathically to help earth humans develop technologically and spiritually in order carry their own weight in these complex extraterrestrial struggles. Friendly ETs are spread rather thin across this sector of the Milky Way and are bringing primitive technological worlds up to speed to help fight the Reptilians. Bill helped build space ships and a space weapons programs to defend Earth. Tompkins claims he is being encouraged to reveal the struggle in outer space because more space assets are needed to carry the fight to the Reptilians, or at least have them realize a fight with the combined ET and Earth’s forces would be too costly.
UFO Disc Developer Maria Orsic
Maria Orsic, also known as Maria Orschitsch was a famous medium who became the leader of the Vril Gesellschaft Society. She was born in Vienna and in 1919, Maria moved to Munich to be with her fiancé where she was in contact with the Thule Gesellschaft. She soon created her own circle of friends: the “Alldeutsche Gesellschaft für Metaphysik”, official name of the Vril Society. Allegedly Maria Orsic communicated with Extraterrestrials in the 1920s and was provided early UFO technology.
Vril Society was composed of young ladies, which were against the arising fashion of short hair-styles for women. Maria had blond long hair in long horse tails, a very uncommon hairstyle at that time. This became a distinctive characteristic in all the women who integrated into the Vril Society. They believed that their long hair acted as cosmic antennae to receive alien communication from beyond. For identification, Vril members wore a disk.
n December 1919 a small group of persons from Thule, Vril and DHvSS (Men of the black stone) rented a small forester’s lodge in the vicinity of Berchtesgaden. Germany where they met, accompanied by Maria Orsic and another medium who is only known as Sigrun. Maria claimed to have received transmissions in a secret German Templar script containing technical data for the construction of a flying machine. Vril documents mention these telepathic messages had their origin from a planet near Aldebaran. She had two piles of papers: one with the Templar script, the other in the ancient Sumerian eastern language. Sigrun a lady from the Vril helped translate the language and decipher the strange mental images of a circular flight machine.
Because of the financing difficulties it took three years until the flying machine project started taking shape. By 1922, parts for the machine began arriving independently from various industrial sources paid in full by Thule and Vril.
Maria Orsic was contacted by “the Sumi, dwellers of a distant world, which orbits the brightest star Aldebaran in the constellation Taurus the Bull”. Aldebaran is an orange giant star located about 65 light years away and is the fourteenth brightest star in the nighttime sky. The name Aldebaran means “the Follower”, presumably because it rises near and soon after the Pleiades. According to the voice, the Sumi were a humanoid race who had briefly colonized Earth 500 million years ago. The ruins of ancient Larsa, Shurrupak and Nippur in Iraq had been built by them. Those of them who survived the great flood of the Deluge of Noah’s Ark had become the ancestors of the Aryan race. The Vril group built the discs as instructed and one model is shown..
Vril 1 Jaeger Hunter Disc.
She was active in the German national movement to annex Austria with the German Reich. It is likely the SS discovered her new Vril craft and encouraged her to provide help for them.
Tomkins working under Admiral Rico Botta who had a series of spies who spent months in Nazi Germany collecting intelligence data discovered information about Maria and the SS Disc craft. The Navy spies claimrd the alien Reptilians provided Nazi Germany with some 17 disc shaped craft and important technology. Not much is known why or how this arrangement occurred.
LaterBill worked with NASA’s Director Dr. Debus the Penemede German rocket genius who was brought to the United States as part of Paperclip after World War II. Bill thought Dr. Debus was aware of the Stargate concept and the dimensional portal or gateway to Aldebaran where Maria Orsic was said to have gone in 1945. At the end of World War II some 9,000 German scientists and engineers were brought to the US, while Russia captured a similar number. With the help of the Germans and ETs our space program has been greatly enhanced.
ill claims several types of ET aliens are on Earth and the negative ones can manipulate our minds, while positive ones through love, compassion help to counter the psychological threats to our inner and outer worlds.
Thanks to Joseph Trainor – UFO Roundup. Jeff Rense Radio with Tompkins, Filer, Chille: Rense Radio
Majestic 12
According to Dr Robert Wood and Ryan Wood, the burned document, is an original carbon with an Eagle watermark characteristic of government work, but so far forensic laboratories have been unable to trace it…. Although no dated is given, its content directly suggests the month of September in the early 1960s.
The burned document dates from the Kennedy era and has the characteristics of a government document. If its contents are accurate, it provides smoking gun evidence of a direct link between Kennedy’s efforts to gain access to UFO information and his assassination. Burned Memo
The nine-page “burned” memo, stamped TOP SECRET/MJ-12, is named because it was snatched from a fire before being destroyed, which is why it is discolored and disintegrating. Unlike many of the Majestic documents, this one is an original carbon with an Eagle watermark characteristic of government work, but so far forensic laboratories have been unable to trace it.
The memo is from the Director of Central Intelligence (MJ-1) to MJ-2, MJ-3, MJ-7, in reference to Project MAJESTIC and JEHOVAH, Project EVIRO, Project PARASITE, and Project PARHELION. Although no dated is given, its content directly suggests the month of September. The year is estimated to be in the early 1960s and is still under investigation. The purpose is to have the team review a new set of directives and recommend changes that can be agreed on. Of note is the statement:
“As you must know LANCER [code word for JFK] has made some inquiries regarding our activities which we cannot allow.”
The eight tabs of directives are fascinating:(A) President’s EYES ONLY, (B) “NEED-TO-KNOW” (C) DoD 5200.1(D) Project BLUE BOOK (E) Freedom of Information (F) PSYOP (G) BW (biological weapons) (H) Project ENVIRONMENT
Particularly chilling is the Biological Weapons directive, which states: “Designated MJ projects should be held in readiness to perform SPIKE and HOUSE CLEANING operations in major population centers in the event conventional methods are not satisfactory. Specialists from MK-ULTRA and ARTICHOKE are hereby activated to conduct DOMESTIC.”
Logically, this paragraph refers to UFO retrieval operations. The authenticity of these directives seems beyond question: original onionskin papers, proper forensically verified red ink of the time period, and rare “CI” (counter intelligence) stamps. From Website
Brazilian Air Force UFO Documents Release
Gabrielle Pickard writes, “The newly released information tracks an incident that occurred in Brazil in 1986 when around 20 UFOs were sighted by numerous airplanes and by ground radar.”
According to the reports, the UFOs were sighted by at least six aircraft and by ground radar on the night of May 19, 1986, flying over several states in the south east of Brazil.
Unidentified radar returns were tracked by the Integrated Air Defense and Air Traffic Control Center in Brasilia, as well as by Sao Paulo Airport. Three Mirage jet fighters and two F-5E planes were said to have been scrambled from in the states of Sao Paulo and Goias.
As UFO Evidence states, the incident was “discussed openly” by Brazil’s high ranking government officials (2). The case was reported by the president of the Brazil-owned oil firm Petrobras, Ozires Silva. Reports say that Silva had been flying on a jet plane when he and the pilot sighted and pursued the UFOs from almost half an hour.
Media Attention
The case got a lot of attention in the media in Brazil. Several days after the sighting, a press conference was given at the Ministry of Aeronautics. At the time, General Otavio Moreira Lima, the Minister of Aeronautics, described the incident in the press conference, stating:
Between 20:00 hrs. (5/19) and 01:00 hrs. (5/20) at least 20 objects were detected by Brazilian radars. They saturated the radars and interrupted traffic in the area. Each time that radar detected unidentified objects, fighters took off for intercept. Radar detects only solid metallic bodies and heavy (mass) clouds. There were neither clouds nor conventional aircraft in the region. The sky was clear. Radar doesn’t have optical illusions.”
The Air Force admitted that they did not have the technical operational conditions to explain the incident but announced that a commission would be made in order to study the incident.
What is interesting is that the Aeronautics Commission report was never released. However, accounts of the radar controllers and air force pilots that witnessed the UFOs flying over north-eastern skies of Brazil in 1986 were widely published in the media.
Classified Info
30 years later, Brazil decided to publish the formerly classified information. On Reddit, a video of a report of the incident that shows the dialogue between the pilot and the controller as they were chasing the UFO caused quite a stir amongst readers (3).
One Reddit reader asked “Why is this nowhere else on the entire Internet?”
Another was quick to note that the report was shown on the popular Brazilian news show ‘Fanastico, which only covers the most important news of the week, proving that the story about the UFO incident is being taken seriously.
Top Secret Writers is keen to keep our readers up to date about secret, classified UFO documents, and why governments remain intent on keeping them hidden from the public domain (4).
The fact that Brazil has gone ahead and declassified such information 30 years after the UFO incident took place could possibly suggest that there may be some new clues as to what the Brazilian government knows about the mysterious UFO incident that took place over Brazil in 1986. Thanks to Gabrielle Pickard Originally published on com
197 UFO Sightings Reports Map to July 16, 2016
Thanks to UFOs Northwest William Puckett, Director Website
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Filer’s Files #31 – 2016 New UFO Revelations - PART II
Filer’s Files #31 – 2016 New UFO Revelations - PART II
Sightings in the United States
California Lights
Hayward Bay Area— Basically around 9:00 pm on June 21, 2016, I left my house with my girlfriend to go to the store. As I was driving down the street we noticed two red lights just static glowing in the middle of the sky. They were bright two red glowing orbs. As we pulled out the camera the lights turned green and they blinked repeatedly. The lights took off to the east and stop again in the middle of the sky. From my vantage point I was directly below it before it turned green.
I did not see anything solid from which the lights could be emanating from. The video shows a descending object moving from left to right. Shortly after the video the light continued down southeast and disappeared. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Florida Cylinder
Daytona Beach — My wife and I were at a hotel on July 20, 2016. The hotel is on SR A1A about 2.0 miles south of US 92. The time was 8:52 PM and it had just turned dark. We were sitting in the lawn area overlooking the ocean when we heard several people in a parking lot next to us to the south speaking loudly and pointing to a blinking object in the sky. The object was about ½ mile south of our position, at about a 30–45 degree angle from our position, hovering over the beach at maybe 500’ (?). From our position it looked small maybe about the size of a penny held at arm’s length.
It looked like a sphere with a ring around it, kind of like the planet Saturn. It had a lot of lights on it many different colors. Very bright white/silver, green maybe others, not sure. The white/silver lights were constant and there were others blinking. There was a violet one on the bottom that blinked a lot slower than the others, maybe once every second. The others were faster.
The object hovered for about a minute that we observed. It then slowly turned west then south arcing slightly as it did. It then headed south slowly then VERY quickly picked up speed and continued south down the beach until we lost sight of it.
My wife noted there was a small plane approaching the object from the north and when the plane got really close, the object turned and quickly sped away. As my wife said “it hauled butt”. I had difficulty getting my phone camera to focus in the dark but managed to snap one picture as soon as I saw it, then started video recording for 30 seconds or so. I turned off video so I could snap another picture. When I turned it off the object had started its turn. I turned the video back on until I lost sight of it. We are not sure what this was. It was definitely not a plane or helicopter. It couldn’t have been a drone as the drone would have to have been a big one, at least 10-15 feet in diameter. No other logical explanation to what we saw. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Illinois Moving Light
Pamela Stark writes that she is being visited by visitors moving above her in the sky on July 26, 2016.
Thanks to Pamela Stark
Maryland Orb
Berlin — At a cookout on the Assateague Island Beach facing south an hour or so after sunset on July 7, 2016. Mars, Saturn and Antares form a loose triangle near the middle of the photo.
There was lots of the light pollution from the moon and it was still early. There were some cars and campers lights in the distance at the bottom of the photo. In the upper right of the photo is the anomaly. I am submitting two photos with a blowup of one. These photos were taken ten minutes apart, showing the anomaly in different parts of the sky. I have additional photos as well.
Thanks to MUFON CMS
Massachusetts Orbs
Springfield – On July 20, 2016, I observed ten orange lights in the western sky. They were in two rows. They flickered slightly and were hovering in one spot.
I stopped my car and watched them for about two minutes. After about 1.5 minutes eight of them started to move slowly to the right (north) and disappeared.
The remaining two in the lower row remained and hovered for another 30 seconds and then slowly moved to the right and disappeared.
They were at a 60 degree angle up at 9:30 PM EDT. The air was still. I took a video, but it is blurry and short. Thanks to William Puckett, Director Website Note:The video shows two orange orbs that could be Chinese Lanterns.
Missouri Orb
Saint Louis — I was working late as usual walking from house to garage and noticed a pulsing reddish drippy light on July 2, 2016.
The light was not anything I have never seen or a known aircraft so I kept watching. It stalled over head at a high elevation than a burst from the red light and it was moving southeast over Saint Louis Highway 44 heading northwest. The entire event lasted a minute. I felt fine about it as I’ve noticing them for the past eleven years. This one I got a photo of. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Mississippi Object
I was standing outside my house while looking up at the sky on July 20, 2016 ,and I see in the northeastern sky what seemed to be the flying disco ball. This is what I call it because of the colors red, yellow, green, blue, and white. These are the colors it puts off while it’s hovering and changing directions.
I decided to use the zoom in + app that I downloaded from Google play store to see if I could zoom in on it. But instead, I saw the triangle formation. After taking a picture of that, I went inside and came back out 45 minutes later and tried again to video the “disco ball”. It was high up in the sky; and I zoomed in and that’s when I saw the orbs. It was two white orbs that were side by side that appeared three red orbs in a triangle formation that were pulsating near the previous two. Thanks to MUFON CMS
New Jersey New York Objects
Staten Island – Anthony Esemplare called to report that UFOs were circling over his home and New Jersey every single night for the last month. Mind blowing orbs are frequently seen, and circles shot off and shot across the sky He claims round circles of light pass directly overhead. They fly all over the sky with blue and orange color. They appear illuminated from inside. They flow low but silently. You might notice a bright star and suddenly it starts moving and dives to a few feet above the trees. Some look like a diamond or a triangle about the size of a ruler with orbs coming out of it. Anthony is taking photographs and video of various UFOs. Thanks to Anthony Esemplare
New York Orb
Bronx— Monday evening I was walking to my car during my lunch break on July 25, 2016. A storm had just past and the sun was setting. I decided I would snap a photo. The sun was blinding so I wasn’t looking directly at it. I snapped the pic on my iPhone then finished walking to my car.
I received a phone call and completely forgot about the photo until I was flipping through my photos the next day. I noticed a spot On the picture. I tapped to zoom in and activated the “live” feature. The orb moved and quickly darted off the screen. I never heard anything or saw anything. It was all captured in the photo. I don’t know how to upload it in a way that it can be viewed “live. ” Thanks to MUFON CMS
North Carolina Entity
There have been many times people have claimed to have seen UFOs; myself being among that group. Although I believe the first real time I ever saw one was back one night in February of 2016, the girl I was dating at the time was with me. We were in the car around 01:00-03:00; parked around the corner from her house. It was extremely dark, we were stargazing; which we did quite often. Then she said “look it’s a UFO” (jokingly) I began observing it. It was a bright white light that would dim and get brighter and every time it would get brighter these two smaller rid lights would form right underneath it, creating a triangle. I realize that this sounds cliché. Then it disappeared and appeared at a different location in the sky southeast of the original location, slightly brighter and flashing a little faster before it would disappear again appearing northeast of the new location about thirty seconds after it vanished, once more it was brighter and flashing faster; at this point the two red lights that appeared forming the triangle were more visible. It vanished once more, reappearing shortly after southwest of the ORIGINAL location, it was much brighter. My heart was pounding at this point it vanished; then right above a blinding white light with two large glowing red lights below it forming the triangle. It appeared to be moving closer; when my girlfriend yelled we must drive off; and we did.
Almost one week ago, I was doing research on this topic; and went to sleep this night and found myself running in my dream, no clothes on, covered in some sort of filth. I was constantly turning my head while running but I never saw what I was running from. It was a barren, flat landscape I had never seen before. While running I remember seeing images carved into the rocks and ground. I woke up about 04:21 freezing and drenched in sweat and opened my eyes not long enough for my eyes to focus. I saw a face, not human. Next thing I know it’s 10:00 in the morning and I’m awake. I promptly began drawing a sketch of the face I saw. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Oregon Lights
Corbett – I was on my way to make a delivery on July13, 2016, and noticed the lights because its pitch black on that highway at night.
When I first noticed it I thought it was a dome mansion built into the mountain side with stationary lights. It had a silhouette of half of a pancake or half a circle.
y feelings were excitement and curiosity then fear. I lost sight of it because it was stationary and I was driving past it. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Texas Lights
Dripping Springs — I was taking pictures of the horizon on July 25, 2016.
The pictures I take are at two minutes intervals and on the last frame I captured an object in the sky.
It is very far away and I didn’t notice it until I came home and looked at the pictures. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Utah Lights
Layton — We were walking on the side walk late on July 27, 2016, and my sister and I saw a big glowing orb with what looked like a fire trail. Thirty seconds later it spilt into at least 50 pieces and what was strange none of the pieces fell from where they split, almost like flying in a formation.
As low as they were and how large they were they would of crashed into the Wasatch Mountains but soon disappeared. We thought possible plane or a satellite. Never were sure. I felt clammy but nervous at the same time because it looked too big to not crash into the cities below.
We lost sight of it when it went behind trees. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Virginia Lights
Charlottesville — My mother and I saw a UFO triangle around 8:55 PM, on Sunday July 24, 2016. It was flying over 29 North near Kroger and K-mart in Charlottesville, Va.
A digital video was taken by me. The UFO was at first stationary then moved northeast straight-line path and was gone.
Thanks to MUFON CMS
Worldwide UFO Sightings
Australia Light
Surfers Paradise — I was taking photos of sunrise on June 6, 2016, from the balcony of my hotel room on the 43rd floor of the Hilton Gold Coast Australia.
The object was not visible to my naked eye.
I checked my shot and noticed a very strange mark. I thought it must have been something on the lens so I cleaned it and took another shot. The object appears in all ten shots, some rather distant from the sunrise.
Thanks to MUFON CMS
Canada Disc
Strongfield — I am a grain farmer that was spraying a lentil crop for disease protection on the morning of July 1st 2016. I noticed a neighbor spraying about 1 mile east of me. I was very concerned that the glyphosate which he was spraying would drift onto my lentil field. I used my Galaxy cell phone to take multiple pictures of him spraying. When checking these photos I noticed only one of these photos had a strange object in the sky which appeared to have a very interesting shape. I never noticed this object while taking the pictures. Six of the pictures show absolutely nothing in the sky. I am convinced this object is not a result of anything on the glass in front of me.
Thanks to MUFON CMS
Eire Orb
I was taking a photo of a perfect clear blue sky and spotted something that just looks very strange on July 18, 2016. I took many photos in the same direction within seconds and the ‘object’ appears in only five consecutive shots.
I have similar photos from years ago but that object moved miles in different directions in seconds, this one didn’t.
When I zoom in on the object it is not something I can apply my normal logic to. It sure isn’t an airplane or a planet. But, I have no clue what it is. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Georgia Triangle
Tbilisi— I was just sitting in my room and my roommate observed something weird in sky on May 5, 2016.
we both saw a V shaped object and it remained with a stable shape for up to 3-4 minutes.
t was going down and we lost its appearance because it had gone down as we checked it.
Thanks to MUFON CMS
Macedonia Light
Skopje – I was at home on the terrace, when my wife noticed it first and called me.
I was thinking it was a drone filming with GoPro some night video. The object was a very bright ball of light, and on my phone looked like a triangle/
Its hard to say because it was very bright like a star but it was moving to the left. A lot of my neighbors were witnesses. At the end the light of the ball or triangle just turned off….slowly. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Portugal Light
Castelo Branco — On June 20, 2016, around 21:30 hours, I went to my balcony and saw this bright light in the sky moving fast horizontally, and then making a curve. After a short moment it descended silently and disappeared behind the buildings in front of my house. The light kept on appearing for several times during for 15 minutes.
Could it be a drone with a light for night flight? Possibly! But drones make some noise and this I was silent. The second time it took-off I rushed into my house to grab my camera and take photos. The intensity of the light, kept on changing randomly from time to time. Sometimes it almost disappeared to be bright the next second.
Thanks to MUFON CMS
Russia Objects Moving
Tolyatti— I used the night vision of the first generation with a two fold increase for observation on June 16, 2016..
The objects seen were in the form of luminous dots, and silent. Initially, about 0:30, I noticed a flying object from north to south.
A second object was seen flying from south to north.
The third object was seen at 1:12 and was flying from south to north. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Serbia Triangles
Belgrade— My wife was enjoying evening on the terrace watching the evening sky. At 22:15 on July 23, 2016, she called me outside urgently and we observed three triangular shaped object flying in formation from SE to NW. At first they looked as military aircraft, but were much faster and the lights were not nautical. Objects only had a steady yellowish light. The triangular shape of objects could be easily seen against lighter sky. The speed was enormous since objects covered whole sky from SE to NW in less than a minute silently! The object flew the whole sky and disappeared behind city scenery. The phenomenon lasted about 40 seconds. I am astronomer so this was not like any astronomical object. There was no time to grab a camera or anything to record event. After event I scanned for airplanes on virtual radar 24, but there was no object flying in such manner. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Sri Lanka Green Sky
Hambantota — In the evening on July 27, 2016, I was driving and saw very beautiful clouds.
I stopped the vehicle and got some photos. After I saw those photos, I saw something flash with a green color thing.
I thought I would report it to this website. Thanks to MUFON CMS
UK England Orb
Liverpool— A close friend was traveling to work on July 18, 2016, when he spotted the Beluga plane overhead that transports wings from the airbus that is based in north Wales, it carries the A380 wings, he then spotted a large object very close and underneath the aircraft. It followed for a few miles then shot off. This was on the Wirral Peninsula between Ellesmere port and Liverpool.
He passed the photo onto me as he knows that I have a interest in MUFON. The Beluga aircraft had to make an emergency landing a few months back due to an incident local to Liverpool. Thanks to MUFON CMS
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This case was released by Exopolitics Czech Republic. It comes from an eyewitness living in Prague and concerning the very interesting case of the real possibility that Extraterrestrials are living amongst us.
Case 1
I will write all that I can remember from this event.
It happened in 1988 to 1989. Back then, I was working for the company “Drobné zbo¸í” (Small Goods) as Head of the Operating Unit on Cracow Street (Krakovská), on the first street on the former House of Fashion (Dům Módy, Prague Center). I don’t remember the house number, but there was a shop with cheap goods for many years prior to my joining the company. This small shop had only one counter and a little shop window, just for one employee. My shop mostly had regular customers thanks to our specific goods suited mainly to people associated with merry-go-rounds and other dealers. I did window dressing, make bargain offers – like clothes, shoes, make-ups, perfumes etc., and it attracted the interests of passers-by. They stopped and stared at the storefront before entering. I was often alone inside and looked out through the shop window guessing who would enter. It was the first time when I saw her. A middle-aged woman, dressed in a light elegant coat with a belt firmly done up. She wore a beautiful, typically tied cashmere scarf, and she caught my attention with her dark sunglasses as it was almost autumn. Both her hands were buried deep in her pockets, looking in through the shop window, without any interest for the merchandiseon display.
Drawing by Sandra Rasinova
I thought: “What do you want here? The House of Fashon is a little further down the street for such a lady like you.”
Then about two weeks or so went by and it was around noon or after lunch. I was standing behind the counter as usual looking out at the street through the window. Suddenly this woman literally ran into the shop, quickly shut the door, looked around to make sure that we were alone, and closely approached the counter. She quickly took off her sunglasses and burst out talking to me: “Please, listen to me! Because I’m being watched and I’m terribly afraid. They are going to kill me!”
I was a bit scared, but I told her: “Do you want me to help you? What do you need?” She replied: “You can’t help me, but hear me out.” I said: “OK speak!” And she began:
“My husband is a scientist and was working on some top secret research. He was transferred to the USA because of extraterrestrials, they are in fact amongst us, living amongst us. Do you understand?!”
I stared at her as if she fell from the sky with my eyes popping out as I tried to calm the confusion in my head. She kept looking back, trying to relax, but I will never forget the tension in her face and her desperate urgent expressions and words. It was as if she had fought for her life. I was really speechless and with all my attention I stared into her eyes. The she hastily continued:
“It’s been half a year, they killed him and lied to me, he wanted to disclose that there are aliens amongst us. He still hasn´t come back from his business trip, and they haven´t released him. After two months they finally allowed me to talk to him, but still the same lie – he is sick, or has to be somewhere for something, however I knew that something was wrong. It wasn´t normal for him to not regularly call me. I was allowed to talk to him just because I had been insistent. He had to sign a document stating that he wouldn’t talk to anyone and that he will continue to work on the project for another half a year, abroad.
He also called me once, but the phone call had been monitored, and I knew that he couldn´t speak. He sounded desperate and didn´t want to be there. When we met, they left us alone in the hotel for one night and he told me everything, we had to whisper. First thing in the morning they took him and myself in a car. Since they were watching and interrogating me, they knew what he told me and what we had been talking about, and now I’m under surveillance. Whatever I do, wherever I go, whatever I say to anyone, I’m followed. They want to drive me insane, so I have to go to the mental hospital. They killed my husband and I will be thrown into the madhouse. That’s it, that´s the way they do it, and now I must report to them where I am going to go. I´ve disappeared from them for a while now, but they are still around. They always find me, it´s a game of nerves. They can drive me to suicide and I had to tell someone as I don’t believe anyone around me.”
I recovered a little and compassionately asked her if she really believed that they are living amongst us, and if so, what does it matter if we know, if we cannot recognize them. She said that it is true, otherwise they wouldn´t have killed him. She added that they (aliens) are distinguishable from us, and even the government and authorities cannot know or get to know who they are. They are said to be perfectly integrated into the general population, that´s why there is a big problem with their disclosure.
She went on and suggested that when people start to believe, that it won’t take long and they’ll find ways on how to expose them. I asked her if it is really possible to expose them, she answered: “Yes, it is…….”
I understood that if it’s really that serious, I could be in deep trouble and I had better keep my mouth shut as my life could be in danger. In front of the shop window, across the street stopped a big black car stopped.
The lady pronounced: “Here they are!” She put her sunglasses on and walked to the door. She walked out and two men went towards her as if they were friends. Both men took her, one on each side under the arms, and led her to the car.
Since then, I have never seen her and I have never told anyone.
2.2.2014, Z.B.
Case 2 - Telepathic contact
There was something very strange that happened to me some years ago (2004). I was living in a small village 50km from Prague and once, I ran out of cigarettes and dropped by the local pub to buy get some more. The place was quite empty, with three to four regulars in the pub – bar flies. I saw an ordinary, common fellow and was unremarkable, not distinguishable by anything. He was standing there at the bar with security-cobra uniform on, with two others, standing and drinking a beer. When I entered, the bartender has been at their table and they were talking about something. The bartender raised his head and growled: “Hi! I´ll be back at once to you!” I replied: “I´ll wait. What´s the panic?” I came and stood behind the one in the uniform who shyly smiled and stepped back a little. I was standing very close to him and said out loud: “We’re gonna sleep well when security cobra is guarding us”. And thought to myself: “Who does he want to catch, he’s so skinny and his good nature shines from him all over the place.” However he seemed to hear my thoughts, he turned to me, looked into my eyes with a very nice look, and in such a loving, and gentle way replied out loud: “Not me. My colleagues over there.” I said immediately: “Those two guys? What’s the matter?” I´d been taken by surprise, so I only gave him a smile to him.
One of his colleagues standing at the bar began speaking: “We’ll teach Fred, because he’s new here, so we’re showing him where it’s possible to get a quick beer, am I right Fred?” Fred was just smiling and nodding in agreement. The bartender again said: “I´m coming.” To which the guys standing at the bar said: “OK.” They then started to talk to each other. However, the man standing next to me and myself stood in silence. Looking ahead. I sent out a thought: “You can hear what I’m thinking, I know it!” And I repeated it. He answered: “Yes, I can!” I sent out another thought: “Who the hell are you, or what are you?” There was no answer, just silence. The returning bartender broke the silence: “What will you have?” I said I needed the cigarettes. Putting the pack of cigarettes in my pocket I sent out another thought: “What the hell has this been? You will not make me out to be a fool! Are you an alien, or what are you?” I left towards the door as I have received his telepathic answer: “You know who I am. I can´t speak to you.” I was very shocked and confused, so I sent out: “I don´t want to talk to you anymore”. I shut the door and went home. I’m living next to the pub and since then, I’ve never seen this fellow again.
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7 Irregularities that suggest Earth’s Moon was engineered
7 Irregularities that suggest Earth’s Moon was engineered
Even though the Apollo missions brought back to Earth huge amounts of data about the moon, it has remained an enigma for astronomers and scientists alike. Dr. Robert Jastrow, the first president of NASA’s Commission of Lunar Exploration called the moon “the Rosetta Stone of the planets.”
But what is it about the moon that fascinates everyone? Well, there are many people who firmly believe that Earth’s moon is actually a terraformed and engineer piece of hardware that has a 3-mile thick outer layer of dust and rocks. Beneath this layer, it is believed that the moon has a solid shell of around 20 miles made of highly resistant materials such as titanium, uranium 236, mica, neptunium 237. Definitely, elements that you would not expect to find “inside” the moon.
There are many UFOlogists around the world who speculate that the moon is actually a giant base where extraterrestrials survey mankind’s progress.
There are so many mysteries surrounding Earth’s moon that there are those who have proposed that the moon could be something entirely different.
Robin Brett, a scientist from NASA stated, “It seems easier to explain the non-existence of the Moon than its existence.”
Here are 7 Irregularities that suggest Earth’s Moon was engineered and might be a giant hollow base:
1) The Moon seems engineered. On November of 1969, NASA intentionally crashed a lunar module that caused an impact equivalent to one ton of TNT on the Moon. The shock waves built up and NASA scientists listened to what was happening on the Moon. Strangely, after impact, NASA scientists said that the Moon rang like a bell and the reverberation continued for thirty minutes. According to Ken Johnson, supervisor of the data and photo control department, the Moon not only rang like a bell but the whole Moon “wobbled” in such a precise way that it was “almost as though it had gigantic hydraulic damper struts inside it.
2) The Moon has elements it should not have. In the 1970’s Mikhail Vasin and Alexander Shcerbakov from the Soviet Academy of science wrote an article called: “Is the Moon the creation of Alien Intelligence?” It was a very interesting article that asked some important questions. How is it possible that the surface of the moon is so hard and why does it contain minerals like Titanium? Mysteriously, there are some lunar rocks that have been found to contain PROCESSED METALS, such as Brass, Mica and the elements of Uranium 236 and Neptunium 237 that have NEVER been found to occur naturally. Yet there are traces of them on the Moon. Uranium 236 is a radioactive nuclear waste which is found in spent nuclear and reprocessed Uranium. More interestingly, Neptunium 237 is a radioactive metallic element and a by-product of nuclear reactors and the production of Plutonium. You have to ask the question: What is happening on Earth’s Moon? From where are these elements and minerals coming from?
3) Earth’s Moon does not have a solid core like every other planetary object. Researchers are nearly 100 percent sure that the Moon is, in fact, hollow or has a very low-intensity interior. Strangely, the Moon’s concentration of mass is located at a series of points just below the surface.
4) The Moon is older than Earth. Our Moon is unlike any other satellite discovered in the known universe. Researchers know the Moon is 4.6 billion years old and that raises a lot of questions. This means that the moon is older than the Earth by nearly 800,000 years according to scientists.
5) Incredible orbit. Earth’s moon is the only moon in the solar system that has a stationary, nearly “perfect” circular orbit. It’s a fact that the Moon does not spin like a natural celestial body. In other words, our Moon does not share any characteristics with other moons found in our Solar System. If it wasn’t strange enough, from any point on the surface of our planet, only one side of the Moon is visible. What is the moon hiding?
6) Lunar rocks and titanium. There are some lunar rocks that have been found to contain ten times more titanium than “titanium rich” rocks on planet Earth. Here on Earth, we use Titanium in supersonic jets, deep diving submarines and spacecraft. It’s unexplainable. Dr Harold Urey, Nobel Prize winner for Chemistry said he was “terribly puzzled by the rocks astronauts found on the moon and their Titanium content. The samples were unimaginable and mind-blowing since researchers could not account for the presence of Titanium.
7) Precise position. If all of the above points did not get you to think differently about the Earth’s moon here are some more interesting things about the Moon. What is keeping the moon in its nearly perfect position? the moon has a precise altitude, course and speed, allowing it to “function” properly in regards of planet Earth.
Simply put the Moon should not be where it is currently. Everything points to the possibility that Earth’s moon was in fact placed into its current position in the distant past. The Moon’s unnatural orbit and irregular composition raise hundreds of questions that neither NASA scientists, astronomers or geologists are able to answer today. Despite all efforts to understand Earth’s “natural” satellite, the truth is that we have very little information about the Moon’s origin and purpose. What do you think the moon is? A nearly perfect natural occurrence? Or do the Moon’s origins surpass human understanding?
“We are already here, among you. Some of us have always been here, with you, yet apart from, watching, and occasionally guiding you whenever the opportunity arose. Now, however, our numbers have been increased in preparation for a further step in the development of your planet: a step of which you are not yet aware… We have been confused with the gods of many world-religions, although we are not gods, but your fellow creatures, as you will learn directly before many more years have passed. You will find records of our presence in the mysterious symbols of ancient Egypt, where we made ourselves known in order to accomplish certain ends. Our principal symbol appears in the religious art of your present civilization and occupies a position of importance upon the great seal of your country. (The United States of America) It has been preserved in certain secret societies founded originally to keep alive the knowledge of our existence and our intentions toward mankind.”
“We have left you certain landmarks, placed carefully in different parts of the globe, but most prominently in Egypt where we established our headquarters upon the occasion of our last overt, or, as you would say, public appearance. At that time the foundations of your present civilization were ‘laid in the earth’ and the most ancient of your known landmarks established by means that would appear as miraculous to you now as they did to the pre-Egyptians, so many thousands of years ago. Since that time the whole art of building, in stone, has become symbolic, to many of you, of the work in hand—the building of the human race towards its perfection.”
“Your ancestors knew us in those days as preceptors and as friends. Now, through your own efforts, you have almost reached, in your majority, a new step on the long ladder of your liberation. You have been constantly aided by our watchful ‘inspiration’, and hindered only by the difficulties natural to your processes of physical and moral development…”
“You have lately achieved the means of destroying yourselves. Do not be hasty in your self-congratulation. Yours is not the first civilization to have achieved—and used—such means. Yours will not be the first civilization to be offered the means of preventing that destruction and proceeding, in the full glory of its accumulated knowledge, to establish an era of enlightenment upon the earth.”
“However, if you do accept the means offered you, and if you establish such a ‘millennium’ upon the basis of your present accomplishments, yours will be the first civilization to do so.
ALWAYS BEFORE, THE KNOWLEDGE, THE TECHNIQUES, THE INSTRUCTIONS, HAVE BECOME THE POSSESSIONS OF A CHOSEN FEW: A FEW CHOSE THEMSELVES BY THEIR OWN OPEN-MINDED AND CLEAR-SIGHTED REALIZATION OF ‘THE SHAPE OF THINGS TO COME’. THEY ENDEAVORED TO PASS ON THEIR KNOWLEDGE IN THE BEST POSSIBLE FORM, AND BY THE MOST ENDURING MEANS AT THEIR COMMAND.
In a sense they succeeded, but in another sense their failure equaled their success. Human acceptance is, to a very large extent, measurable by human experience. Succeeding generations, who never knew our actual presence, translated the teachings of their elders in the terms of their own experience. For instance, a cross-sectional drawing, much simplified and stylized by many copyings, of one of our traveling machines became the ‘Eye of Horus”, and then other eyes of other gods. Finally, the ancient symbol that was once an accurate representation of an important mechanical device has been given surprising connotations by the modern priesthood of psychology.”
“The important fact is, however, that we are here, among you, and that you, as a world-race, will know it before very much longer! The time is almost ripe but, as with all ripening things, the process may not be hurried artificially without danger of damaging the fruit. There is a right time for every action, and the right time for our revelation of ourselves to your era is approaching.”
“Some of you have seen our ‘advanced guard’ already. You have met us often in the streets of your cities, and you have not noticed us. But when we flash through your skies in the ANCIENT TRADITIONAL VEHICLES [Vimanas, see Exhibit 14, this paper—GJ] you are amazed, and those of you who open your mouths and tell of what you have seen are accounted dupes and fools. Actually you are prophets, seers in the true sense of the word. You in Kansas and Oklahoma, you in Oregon and in California, and Idaho, you know what you have seen: do not be dismayed by meteorologists. Their business is the weather. One of you says, ‘I saw a torpedo-shaped object’. Others report, ‘disc-like objects’, some of you say ‘spherical objects’, or ‘platter-like objects’. You are all reporting correctly and accurately what you saw, and in most cases you are describing the same sort of vehicle.”
“… Now that the art of manufacturing plastic materials has reached a certain perfection among you, perhaps you can imagine a material, almost transparent to the rays of ordinary visible light, yet strong enough to endure the stresses of extremely rapid flight. Look again at the great nebulae, and think of the construction of your own galaxy, and behold the universal examples of what we have found to be the perfect shape for an object which is to travel through what you still fondly refer to as ‘empty’ space.”
In the center of the discus, gyroscopically controlled within a central sphere of the same transparent material, our control rooms revolve freely, accommodating themselves and us to flat or edgewise flight. Both methods are suited to your atmosphere, and when we convert abruptly from one to the other, as we are sometimes obliged to do, and you are watching, OUR MACHINES seem suddenly to appear—or to disappear. At our possible speeds your eyes, untrained and unprepared for the maneuver, do make mistakes—but not the mistakes your scientists so often accuse them of making.”
“We pass over your hilltops in horizontal flight. You see and report a torpedo-shaped object. We pass over, in formation, flying vertically ‘edge-on’… Or we go over at night, jet-slits glowing, and you see an orange disc. In any event you see us, and in any event we do not care. if we chose to remain invisible, we could do so, easily, and, in fact, we have done so almost without exception for hundreds of years. But you must become accustomed to our shapes in your skies, for one day they will be familiar, friendly, and reassuring sights.”
“This time, it is to be hoped that the memory of them, passed on to your children and their children, will be clear and precise. That you will not cause them to forget, as your ancestors forgot, the meaning of the diagrams and the instructions we will leave with you. If you do fail, AS OTHER CIVILIZATIONS HAVE FAILED, we will see your descendants wearing wiring-diagrams for simple machines as amulets, expecting the diagrams to do what their forefathers were taught the completed article would accomplish.
Then their children, forgetting even that much—or little—would preserve the amulet as a general protective device—or as an intellectual curiosity—or perhaps as a religious symbol. Such is the cycle of forgetfulness!”
I tried to find the original source to this article to no avail. However, I did find this…:
According to Trench, the editor/author and publisher of the Nov-Dec 1958 issue, the original article was found in the November 1947 issue of ‘Fantastic Stories’ (USA), written by a pseudonym, Alexander Blade. Remarkably enough, after 54 years, the ‘Flying Saucer Review Magazine’ is still being published (or was at least in 2010), but I have not been able to find it online. Also, 1947 triggers memories in the mass consciousness from the UFO crash in Roswell, New Mexico. So, the Sirians have (and they apparently admitted to this in 1947) been around since ancient time, and just like I’ve said, never left. Interesting in this article is that they at that time gave us hints of what is to come. They are talking about our ‘liberation’, and that they will be a part of that.
and this:
According to Brinsley Le Poer Trench, editor of Flying Saucer Review Magazine, an unknown person using the pseudonym ‘Alexander Blade’ wrote the above article that originally appeared in the November 1947 issue of Fantastic Stories (USA).
One has to ask the question: who was Alexander Blade?
A representative or liaison to inner-earth – Agharti? According to this article, the instructions and techniques used for building these “ancient traditional vehicles” are within the possession of a chosen few, and based on my research, this is indeed the case.
I must admit, the ‘Alexander Blade’ article speaks volumes! And it seems the Germans wanted to be part of the “chosen few” club as well. From what I’ve uncovered they received vital information that eventually gave them a ‘shot in the arm’ necessary to jump-start their esoteric technology campaign – the ‘flying-disc’ program.
I argue Germany’s pre-war secret societies, such as Vril and Thule, were actually communicating with inner-earth emissaries for the purposes of acquiring this ancient technology.
According to Gregg Braden’s research, we are only utilizing 22 of the 64 codons in our DNA, thus suggesting that our DNA was genetically manipulated, most likely by the Anunnaki. If this premise is true, then imagine being able to fully access all 64 codons in your DNA?
Conversely, is this the reason why the Anunnaki created us to become slaves in order to mine gold for them? It certainly explains why there is such a high demand for gold and who the “All seeing Eye” is at the top of the pyramid.
To me, any benevolent message from the Anunnaki would most likely have a hidden agenda to keep us subservient to them. The last thing they want is to see our DNA codons fully open.
According to the research of Robert Morning Sky, our DNA is actually superior to the Anunnaki because we also have the DNA of the AKU, which gave us consciousness. This is known as the “Gift of the Feather” and is why we feel something magical when we see a random feather in our every day lives.
From the Sumerian texts, we also know that the Anunnaki co-mingled with us, thus giving us their DNA as well.
As our masters, the last thing they want you to know is that YOU are more powerful than they are once you figure out how to activate the remaining codons in your DNA.
I’ve been experimenting with this and will be publishing an article on In5D about what I’m doing to activate mine.
In the meanwhile, always question everything, especially from alleged benevolent sources because most likely, there’s an agenda behind it.
WOW!! TOP SECRET CLEARANCE 92 Year Old Military Lieutenant Shares Roswell INFO! Whistle Blower 2016
WOW!! TOP SECRET CLEARANCE 92 Year Old Military Lieutenant Shares Roswell INFO! Whistle Blower2016
TOP SECRET CLEARANCE 92 Year Old Military Official Whistle Blower Alien ROSWELL Connection 2016 Edwards Air Force Base Lieutenant Shares INFO!
#1 Most Viewed UFO Youtube Channel Thirdphaseofmoon Shares Your Incredible UFO Videos To the World! Upload your UFO Video To Youtube, Then Copy Paste The Link To My Email!cousinsbrothersproductions@gmail.com Keep Your Eyes on the Skies! We are not Alone!
I found these two long cigar shaped UFOs over the Colima volcano in Mexico this morning. They are both very close to the mouth of the active volcano. No aircraft would ever attempt such a dangerous feat. You can also tell the distance of the UFO is far away because both the volcano and UFOs have the same focus. The largest of the UFOs (upper left) has a slight metallic tint to it, which makes sense since there is a sunrise happening and you know what I always say about sunrises and sunsets...those are the most popular times to catch UFOs, due to the angle of the sun.
The volcano is 480km from Mexico city. Since the mouth of the volcano is about 500 meters across, and the UFOs length is also the same as the mouth, we can assume that these two UFOs are 500 meters long.
Fecha de avistamiento: July 29, el año 2016 07:36:02
Localización de avistamiento: Volcán de Colima, México
He encontrado estos dos ovnis en forma de cigarro largo sobre el volcán Colima en México esta mañana. Ellos son a la vez muy cerca de la boca del volcán activo. Ningún avión volvería a intentar una hazaña tan peligrosa. También puede indicar la distancia del OVNI está muy lejos ya que tanto el volcán y los ovnis tienen el mismo enfoque. El mayor de los OVNIS (superior izquierda) tiene un ligero tinte metálico a la misma, lo cual tiene sentido ya que no es una salida del sol pasando y que saben lo que siempre digo acerca de amaneceres y atardeceres ... esos son los momentos más populares para la captura de los OVNIS, debido al ángulo del sol.
El volcán se encuentra 480 kilometros de la ciudad de México. Desde la boca del volcán está a unos 500 metros de diámetro y la longitud de los ovnis es también la misma que la boca, se puede asumir que estos dos OVNIS son 500 metros de largo.
"These Beings Came Through The Walls" - My First ET Contact, A Witness Testimony, July 2016, Video, UFO Sighting News.
"These Beings Came Through The Walls" - My First ET Contact, A Witness Testimony, July 2016, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of video: July 26, 2016 Maker of video:EMN Earth Mystery News. Here is a brave testimony of a first encounter as a child. Its rare that a person comes out and tells anyone what happened during an abduction, but people need to be brave and put trust in themselves that it did happen and it has happened to thousands of other around the world. Scott C. Waring www.ufosightingsdaily.com EMN states: Lisa is a Intuitive Specialist and Transformational Coach with a busy practice in Idaho, USA, and internationally via Skype. Throughout her life Lisa recalls experiences with Extraterrestrial beings on many different levels of contact. Some are of a physical, 3-Dimensional level, experienced through her physical senses when awake and fully conscious. Others are experienced more on an energetic plain of consciousness, while still others can be described as multi-dimensional communications. Lisa feels a strong kinship and sense of community with these ET beings, so much so that she describes them like family. While it may be difficult for many people to distinguish between one's own thinking and imagination, or that of a conscious connection to more subtle levels of consciousness and life, let alone extraterrestrial and inter-dimensional beings, Lisa has made it her life work to open up to these possibilities and communicate them to others. Says Lisa, "I want people to know its alright to talk about this and to stop being afraid of the stigma of; 'you're crazy'... This is more normal than people want to admit."
Two UFOs Flying Into Military Owned Land, Tall White Alien Ships Inbound, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Two UFOs Flying Into Military Owned Land, Tall White Alien Ships Inbound, Video, UFO Sighting News
Date of sighting: Nov 12, 2015 Location of sighting: Las Vegas, Nevada, USA Holy cow! Did you see that? Check out Steven Barones video below that shows two UFOs flying into Nellis AFB privately owned land. Thats right, this area is 100% military and only they can come and go, but these are not fighter jets. These are Tall White alien ships. The base of the Tall Whites is located at the end of the Nellis old firing range, which is mostly out of sight from Los Vegas, but object flying in to it will always be within view. Scott C. Waring www.ufosightingsdaily.com Steven Barone states: I shot this video from my backyard in the Summerlin area of Las Vegas, Nevada on the night of July 28, 2016, and the older clip in the same spot on November 12, 2015. Last night was very stormy all the way around the city. There were moments where it wasn't too bad but when you combine the lightning and wind with a daytime temperature of over 115 degrees you know the night isn't going to be very productive. I only took the night vision camera out because it can handle a little wind. I wasn't seeing anything so for the fun of it I aimed the night vision camera at a mountain which is only about six miles away and that is to the top of the mountain and not the base. I aimed the night vision camera that way because of an earlier video I caught right there. I included a small portion of the older video in this one because both events happened in the same spot. I don't know what it was I filmed last night but I don't think it was a meteorite or I would have seen it the entire time. It only showed up for a fraction of a second. I am publishing it because it came down where the older objects did. Ironically it was facing the exact direction to the north where Area 51 would be. I do believe these objects were much closer than Area 51 though. From my home to the center of the base at Area 51 is 77 miles in a straight line. I ended having to come back into the house because it was getting even windier and the lightning was getting closer.
Pop Star Singer Claims She Once Spotted A Worm-Like UFO
Pop Star Singer Claims She Once Spotted A Worm-Like UFO
The latest comments of a pop star are literally out of this world. Singer Demi Lovato shared her theories on extraterrestrial life in an interview with Elle Canada’s September issue. When the magazine’s reporter asked her of things she believes in, the 23-year-old “Confident” singer exclaimed “Aliens!” “I’ve seen a UFO,” she added.
Lovato claimed she had the UFO sighting several years ago. The celebrity said she saw something in the sky while doing some walks outside. She described it as a worm-like object that “was changing shapes and moving all over the place.”
Interestingly, in June 2014, Lovato also discussed aliens in an interview. The former Disney star backed up the conspiracy theory that mermaids are aliens during her interview on Late Night With Seth Meyers. She revealed her belief of aliens as real, and for her, it is very self-centered to believe that humans are the only living things in the universe.
On the same interview, she noted Atlantis as a possible home of mermaids, which she believes an alien species living in parts of the Indian Ocean. She continued saying that Christopher Columbus has seen three mermaids on his way to America.
Miss Lovato is not the only celebrity who discusses aliens. Earlier this month, former One Direction Zayn Malik claimed that he left the group because an alien spoke to him in a dream.
Ceres en de grote verdwijntruc: waar zijn alle grote kraters gebleven?
Ceres en de grote verdwijntruc: waar zijn alle grote kraters gebleven?
Caroline Kraaijvanger
Aangenomen werd dat de dwergplaneet rijkelijk bedekt zou zijn met enorme kraters. Maar ze zijn er gewoon niet. Hoe kan dat?
In maart 2015 kwam ruimtesonde Dawn bij Ceres aan. Voorafgaand aan de aankomst van Dawn hadden onderzoekers al nagedacht over hoe Ceres er waarschijnlijk uit zou zien. De dwergplaneet moest bedekt zijn met enorme kraters, zo redeneerden ze. Maar Dawn liet een heel andere dwergplaneet zien. “Toen we voor het eerst naar de beelden van Ceres keken, viel het ons op dat er niet echt heel grote inslagbekkens zijn op het oppervlak,” vertelt onderzoeker David Williams. Geen van de kraters op Ceres zijn groter dan 285 kilometer.
Mysterie En dat is een mysterie. Want Ceres moet in de 4,5 miljard jaar dat deze bestaat herhaaldelijk flinke klappen hebben gehad. “Zelf Vesta (een planetoïde die Dawn voorafgaand aan Ceres bezocht, red.) heeft – ondanks dat deze de helft kleiner is dan Ceres twee grote kraters op de zuidpool. Maar op Ceres zien we alleen het Kerwan-bekken dat een diameter van slechts 285 kilometer heeft.”
Er is ‘iets’ gebeurd Het suggereert volgens Williams dat er ‘iets’ gebeurd is op Ceres. Want er moeten grote inslagen hebben plaatsgevonden. Simulaties suggereren dat de dwergplaneet zeker tien tot vijftien kraters zou moeten hebben die een diameter hebben die groter is dan 400 kilometer. Daarnaast zouden er ook nog eens zo’n 40 kraters moeten zijn die groter zijn dan 100 kilometer. In werkelijkheid bezit Ceres echter zestien kraters groter dan 100 kilometer en is Kerwan-bekken met 258 kilometer de grootste krater die Ceres heeft. “We concluderen dat een groot aantal kraters op Ceres waarschijnlijk door de tijd heen is verdwenen,” vertelt onderzoeker Simone Marchi. “En dat is waarschijnlijk het resultaat van de bijzondere samenstelling en interne evolutie van Ceres.”
Op deze afbeelding zie je de grootste krater van Ceres: het Kerwan-bekken. Het bekken ligt in een cirkelvormige laagvlakte: mogelijk was dit ooit één van de grootste kraters van Ceres, maar is deze door geologische en interne processen vrijwel onherkenbaar geworden.
De grote verdwijntruc Maar hoe zijn de grote kraters op Ceres dan precies verdwenen? Er zijn verschillende mogelijkheden. Zo weten we allereerst dat de korst van Ceres niet puur rotsachtig is: deze bevat ook heel wat ijs. Het maakt de korst flexibeler, zeker als dat ijs zich gemixt heeft met zouten. En dat kan er zomaar voor gezorgd hebben dat een groot bekken geleidelijk aan vlakker en uiteindelijk onherkenbaar is geworden. “Daarnaast zien we bewijs voor cryovulkanisme,” vertelt Williams. Cryovulkanisme is in grote lijnen vergelijkbaar met het vulkanisme dat we hier op aarde kennen, alleen komt er geen gesmolten gesteente, maar ‘gesmolten ijs’ (water of pekel) vrij. Ook cryolava dat over het oppervlak van de dwergplaneet stroomde, kan hebben bijgedragen aan het verdwijnen van de grote kraters.
Hoe de kraters ook precies verdwenen zijn: Ceres moet er zelfs lang na het Late Heavy Bombardment – zo’n 4 miljard jaar geleden – nog mee bezig zijn geweest. Onderzoekers hopen in de nabije toekomst nog veel meer te weten te komen over de geologische geschiedenis van de dwergplaneet. Dawn zal nog wel een tijdje rond Ceres cirkelen en in ieder geval getuige zijn van Ceres’ perihelium: het moment waarop de dwergplaneet het dichtst bij de zon in de buurt komt (april 2018). Onderzoekers willen graag achterhalen of er onder invloed van de warmte van de zon veranderingen op het oppervlak van Ceres plaatsvinden.
Bronmateriaal:
"The case of the missing craters" - Arizona State University De afbeelding bovenaan dit artikel is gemaakt door NASA / JPL-Caltech / UCLA / MPS / DLR / IDA.
Solar Probe Plus zal in 2018 gelanceerd worden, in de atmosfeer van de zon duiken en dichter bij onze ster in de buurt komen dan elk ander ruimtevaartuig ooit gedaan heeft.
Het belooft een prachtige missie te worden: de missie van Solar Probe Plus. De sonde moet ergens tussen eind juli en eind augustus 2018 gelanceerd worden en zal zevenmaal langs Venus scheren om geleidelijk aan dichter bij de zon in de buurt te komen. Uiteindelijk zal de afstand tussen de sonde en het oppervlak van de zon nog maar zo’n 6,2 miljoen kilometer zijn. Dat lijkt veel, maar daarmee komt Solar Probe Plus zeven keer dichter bij de zon in de buurt dan elk ander ruimtevaartuig ooit heeft gepresteerd.
LEKKER DICHTBIJ
Het ruimtevaartuig Helios 2 is op dit moment recordhouder: het ruimtevaartuig kwam het dichtst bij de zon in april 1976. De afstand tussen de zon en Helios 2 was op dat moment ongeveer 44 miljoen kilometer.
Fase D Een ruimtevaartuig ontwikkelen dat de zon zo dicht nadert en dus aan extreme straling en temperaturen wordt blootgesteld, is nog niet zo eenvoudig. Maar de Solar Probe Plus nadert zijn voltooiing. De sonde bevindt zich momenteel in fase D van zijn ontwikkeling. In deze fase wordt de bouw van de sonde afgerond. Tevens worden de instrumenten geïnstalleerd en zal de sonde enkele experimenten ondergaan om te kijken of deze werkelijk klaar is voor de missie.
Belangrijk “Het bereiken van dit stadium betekent heel veel voor het team en onze aandeelhouders,” stelt Andy Griesman, namens het John Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory dat de sonde in opdracht van NASA bouwt. “Het laat zien dat we een ruimtevaartuig, instrumenten en een missie hebben ontworpen die de uitdagingen die samenhangen met de omstandigheden dicht bij de zon aankan en de gegevens waar wetenschappers al decennia naar op zoek zijn, kan terugsturen.”
De Solar Probe Plus moet onder meer inzicht geven in de verwarming van de atmosfeer van de zon en uitzoeken hoe de zonnewind – een continue stroom van geladen deeltjes die bij de zon wegstroomt – op snelheid komt. “De sonde zal dicht genoeg bij de zon in de buurt komen om de zonnewind te zien versnellen: van subsonisch naar supersonisch,” zo is op de site van de missie te lezen. “En deze zal door de geboorteplaats van de energierijkste zonnedeeltjes vliegen.” Naar verwachting zal de sonde heel wat oude vraagstukken oplossen, maar tevens – zoals we dat van baanbrekende missies gewend zijn – vragen oproepen.
Grote Rode Vlek lijkt de atmosfeer van Jupiter te verwarmen
Grote Rode Vlek lijkt de atmosfeer van Jupiter te verwarmen
Caroline Kraaijvanger
De beroemde roodkleurige storm op de gasreus kan mogelijk verklaren waarom de atmosfeer van Jupiter – ondanks dat de planeet ver van de zon verwijderd is – zo warm is.
Uit eerder onderzoek is gebleken dat het bovenste deel van de atmosfeer van de aarde ongeveer net zo warm is als het bovenste deel van de atmosfeer van Jupiter. En dat is vreemd. Want onze atmosfeer en die van Jupiter worden verwarmd door de zon, maar Jupiter staat wel vijf keer verder van de zon verwijderd dan onze planeet. Het suggereert dat de zon niet de enige warmtebron is voor de atmosfeer van Jupiter. Maar wat zorgt er dan nog meer voor dat de atmosfeer van de gasreus opwarmt?
Temperaturen meten op Jupiter Een nieuw onderzoek schept meer duidelijkheid. Onderzoekers brachten de temperatuur hoog boven de wolken van Jupiter vast met behulp van een telescoop op aarde. Door het onzichtbare infraroodlicht honderden kilometers boven de gasreus te bestuderen, ontdekten de onderzoekers dat de temperaturen in de omgeving van de Grote Rode Vlek veel hoger lagen. “We zagen bijna direct dat onze maximumtemperaturen op grote hoogte zich boven de Grote Rode Vlek bevonden: toeval of een belangrijke aanwijzing?” vertelt onderzoeker James O’Donoghue.
Botsende golven O’Donoghue en collega’s concluderen dat de storm in de Grote Rode Vlek twee soorten golven produceert. Die golven komen met elkaar in botsing en verwarmen de atmosfeer. “De extreem hoge temperaturen die we boven de storm geobserveerd hebben, getuigen van deze energietransfer,” stelt O’Donoghue. “Dit vertelt ons dat een planeet-brede opwarming een plausibele verklaring is voor het feit dat de temperaturen in de hogere delen van de atmosfeer honderden graden hoger liggen dan door zonlicht alleen verklaard kan worden.” Hetzelfde effect is al gespot boven de Andes op aarde en onderzoekers sluiten niet uit dat het op meer plekken in en buiten het zonnestelsel een rol speelt.
De Grote Rode Vlek spreekt al eeuwenlang tot de verbeelding. De vlek werd in de zeventiende eeuw ontdekt en is ongeveer twee tot drie keer zo groot als de aarde. Wetenschappers hopen op korte termijn meer over de vlek te weten te komen. En wel dankzij de onlangs bij Jupiter gearriveerde ruimtesonde Juno. Deze zal onder de wolken van Jupiter gaan gluren en onder meer onthullen hoe de Grote Rode Vlek in elkaar steekt.
Amazing Fireball Over Western US Caused by Chinese Space Junk
Amazing Fireball Over Western US Caused by Chinese Space Junk
By Mike Wall, Space.com Senior Writer
A brilliant fireball created by falling space junk from a Chinese Long March 7 rocket lit up the skies over Utah, Nevada, Colorado, Idaho and California late Thursday, July 27, 2016. This still image is from a video captured by observer Matt Holt in Utah, who posted his account on Twitter and YouTube.
A giant piece of a recently launched Chinese rocket fell to Earth last night (July 27), blazing a spectacular sky trail that left observers across parts of the western United States slack-jawed.
The dazzling fireball, which you can see in this awesome video by observer Matt Holt, lit up skies over Utah, Nevada, Colorado, Idaho and California about 9:40 p.m. local time Wednesday (12:40 a.m. EDT and 0440 GMT today, July 28), breaking into many bright pieces as it went.
The sky show occurred around the peak of the annual Delta Aquarid meteor shower, but it wasn't caused by bits of comet dust. Rather, experts say, the culprit was the second stage of China's Long March 7 rocket, whichlaunched on its maiden flight June 25.
The 6-ton rocket stage hit Earth's atmosphere at about 18,000 mph (29,000 km/h), said astronomer Jonathan McDowell of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, also an assiduous satellite tracker.
Amazing Fireball Over Western US Caused by Chinese Space Junk
"So far in 2016 there have been 25 re-entries of objects massing 1 ton or more. But objects of 5 ton+ class like this are rare," McDowell said last night via his Twitter account,@planet4589.
"Only bigger re-entry so far this year was a Russian Zenit rocket stage that came down over Vietnam on New Year's Day," he said in another tweet.
China developed the Long March 7 in part to help build the space station it wants to have up and running by the early 2020s. On June 25 — the rocket's first flight — the Long March 7 lofted a prototype crew capsule and a variety of technology demonstrations, Chinese officials have said.
The Long March 7 initially launched to an orbit that took it as close to Earth as 126 miles (203 km), and as far away as 235 miles (378 km). By yesterday morning, friction with Earth's atmosphere had reduced that orbit to 81 miles by 89 miles (131 km by 144 km), McDowell tweeted.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
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