Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 13 YEARS AND 2 MONTH.
ON 06/08/2024 MORE THAN 2.161.100
VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
25-09-2016
Flying Saucers to Mind Control: 7 Declassified Military & CIA Secrets
By Denise Chow, Staff Writer
Credit: U.S. Air Force
INTRO: A secret history
Government and military secrets can range from terrifying to amusing to downright absurd, but most are nothing short of intriguing. From a secret U.S. Air Force project to build a supersonic flying saucer to a now-famous World War II-era research program that produced the first atomic bombs, here are seven declassified military or CIA secrets.
Credit: National Archives
1. Project 1794
In late 2012, the U.S. Air Force declassified a trove of documents, including records of a secret program to build a flying saucer-type aircraft designed to shoot down Soviet bombers. The ambitious program, called Project 1794, was initiated in the 1950s, and a team of engineers was tasked with building a disc-shape vehicle capable of traveling at supersonic speeds at high altitudes.
The declassified documents reveal plans for the plane to reach a top speed of Mach 4 (four times the speed of sound), and reach an altitude of 100,000 feet (30,480 meters). The project's estimated cost was more than $3 million, which in today's dollars would be more than $26 million.
Project 1794 was canceled in December 1961 after tests suggested the flying saucer design was aerodynamically unstable and would likely be uncontrollable at high speeds (let alone supersonic speeds).
In the 1960s, the U.S. Army embarked on a secret mission to build a series of mobile nuclear missile launch sites under the Greenland ice sheet. The objective was to house medium-range missiles close enough to strike targets within the Soviet Union.
The program was codenamed Project Iceworm, but to test its feasibility, the Army launched a cover research project called "Camp Century" in 1960. Under this guise, engineers built a network of underground buildings and tunnels, including living quarters, a kitchen, a recreation hall, infirmary, laboratories, supply rooms, a communications center and a nuclear power plant.
The base, which was kept secret from the Danish government, operated for seven years. The program was canceled in 1966 after shifting ice created unstable conditions. Today, the crushed remains of Project Iceworm are buried beneath Arctic snow.
During the Cold War, the CIA initiated Project MK-ULTRA, a secret and illegal human research program to investigate potential mind-control systems. The program's operators examined the effects of hypnosis, biological agents and drugs, such as LSD and barbiturates, on human subjects. Some historians suggest the program was designed to develop a mind-control system that could be used to "program" the brains of potential assassins. [The 10 Craziest Military Experiments]
In 1973, then-CIA director Richard Helms ordered that all documents from Project MK-ULTRA be destroyed, but a formal investigation into the program was launched several years later. The project became the basis for several movies, such as "The Manchurian Candidate" and "The Men Who Stare at Goats."
Credit: Public domain
4. Area 51
Almost no other site has garnered as much attention from conspiracy theorists and UFO-enthusiasts as Area 51, a remote desert tract near Groom Lake in Nevada, roughly 83 miles (134 kilometers) northwest of Las Vegas. The intense secrecy surrounding the base sparked peoples' imaginations, and Area 51 was commonly linked to paranormal activities, including pervasive theories that suggested Area 51 hid aliens and UFOs.
In July 2013, declassified documents from the CIA acknowledged the existence of Area 51 for the first time, and confirmed that the top-secret site was used to test a variety of spy planes, including the well-known U-2 reconnaissance aircraft.
While Area 51, which operates as a detachment of Edwards Air Force Base in neighboring California, has never been declared a covert base, the research and activities conducted there were some of the nation's most closely guarded secrets.
While Area 51 was not a top-secret base designed to study extraterrestrials, the U.S. Air Force did study the existence of UFOs. Project Grudge was a short-lived program launched in 1949 to study unidentified flying objects. The mission followed an earlier program, known as Project Sign, which published a report in early 1949 stating that while some UFOs seemed to be actual aircraft, there was not enough data to determine their origins. [Top 10 States for UFO Sightings]
Critics of Project Grudge said the program solely set out to debunk UFO reports, and very little actual research was conducted. In his book on the topic, Edward J. Ruppelt, Air Force Captain and director of Project Grudge, wrote: "[I]t doesn't take a great deal of study of the old UFO files to see that standard intelligence procedures were not being followed by Project Grudge. Everything was being evaluated on the premise that UFOs couldn't exist. No matter what you see or hear, don't believe it."
Credit: NASA
6. Operation Paperclip
In September 1946, President Harry Truman authorized a program called Operation Paperclip, which aimed to lure scientists from Nazi Germany to the United States following World War II. Officials at the Office of Strategic Services (the predecessor to the CIA) recruited German scientists to America to aid the country's postwar efforts, which would also ensure that valuable scientific knowledge would not end up in the hands of the Soviet Union or the divided East and West Germany.
One of the most well-known secret research programs is the Manhattan Project, which eventually produced the world's first atomic bombs. The project began in 1939, and was cloaked in secrecy as physicists investigated the potential power of atomic weapons. From 1942 to 1946, Major General Leslie Groves of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers led the Manhattan Project.
The first nuclear bomb was detonated at 5:30 a.m. on July 16, 1945, during the so-called Trinity test at the Alamogordo Air Base, 120 miles (193 km) south of Albuquerque, N.M. The explosion created a mushroom cloud that stretched 40,000 feet (12,200 m), and the bomb's explosive power was equivalent to more than 15,000 tons of TNT.
A month after the Trinity test, two atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan in the waning stages of World War II. To date, the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki remain the only uses of nuclear weapons in war.
WETENSCHAPHoe komt het dat sommige kleine aardbevingen uitgroeien tot grote en andere niet? Dat is een kwestie waar wetenschappers weer een iets beter beeld van hebben gekregen na een studie over de invloed van de maan en de getijden. Het onderzoek staat in het vakbladNature Geosciences.
De wetenschappers namen de periodes onder de loep waarin sprake is van 'hoge getijdenstress', een fenomeen dat twee keer per maand plaatsvindt tijdens volle maan en nieuwe maan. De zee komt dan het verst bij vloed en trekt zich ook het verst terug bij eb. Die bewegingen van die enorme hoeveelheid zeewater zet meer druk op breuklijnen.
Die druk kan een van de oorzaken zijn dat kleine aardbevingen heel groot worden. Kàn, want er spelen nog veel andere factoren mee. Maar de druk van de getijden kan een kleine breuk net dat kleine duwtje geven om uit groeien tot een enorme scheur, luidt de theorie.
De aardbevingen die enorme tsunami's veroorzaakten in 2004 in Zuidoost-Azië en in 2010 in Chili hadden een kracht van respectievelijk 9,1 en 8,8. Ze vonden allebei plaats nabij een volle maan, dichtbij de piek van de getijdenstress.
Eerdere studies suggereerden ook een invloed van de getijden op massief gesteente. Een onderzoek van eerder deze zomer wees op een mogelijk verband met kleine bevingen diep onder de grond langs de San Andreas-breuklijn in het Californische Monterey County.
Uiteraard zijn de getijdenkrachten niet de belangrijkste oorzaak van het ontstaan van aardbevingen. Die ontstaan voornamelijk doordat de tektonische platen van de Aarde tegen elkaar duwen en schuren. Daardoor neemt de druk toe op de breuklijnen, tot die zo hoog wordt dat hij plots vrijkomt in de vorm van een aardbeving.
Zo ontstaan ook veel aardbevingen wanneer er weinig druk is van de getijden, zegt Satoshi Ide, hoofdonderzoeker van de studie en professor seismologie aan Universiteit van Tokio. "Aardbevingen zijn bijna een willekeurig proces", aldus Ide. "Getijdenkrachten zijn slechts een element in een ingewikkeld proces. Er zijn nog veel andere factoren."
Een theorie gaat ervan uit dat alle aardbevingen klein starten op dezelfde manier. Of ze blijven groeien, hangt dan af van andere factoren die ze tegenkomen, zoals getijdenstress. Een andere theorie stelt daarentegen dat er een wezenlijk verschil is tussen het ontstaan van grote en kleine aardbevingen.
Het onderzoek kan niét helpen bij betere voorspellingen van het tijdstip en de plaats waar aardbevingen zullen toeslaan. Maar dergelijke studies kunnen wetenschappers wel helpen begrijpen hoe en waarom grote bevingen voorkomen.
En zo kunnen ze de snelheid en precisie van waarschuwingssystemen verbeteren die alarm slaan meteen na het ontstaan van een beving. De huidige systemen kunnen namelijk wel goed de impact van gematigde aardbevingen inschatten, maar schieten tekort voor de grote.
Het Japanse waarschuwingssysteem had de intensiteit van de aardbeving van 2011 in hoofdstad Tokio bijvoorbeeld onderschat. Een beter begrip van wat een aardbeving groot maakt, zou dus vooral meteen na het ontstaan ervan een grote vooruitgang zijn.
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U-2 Spy Plane Crash: Why 'Cold War' Aircraft Are Still Relevant Today
U-2 Spy Plane Crash: Why 'Cold War' Aircraft Are Still Relevant Today
By Jesse Emspak, Live Science Contributor
One of the U.S. Air Force's Lockheed U-2 Dragon Lady.
Credit: U.S. Air Force
A U-2 spy plane that crashed in northern California earlier this week, killing one of the two pilots, focused attention on a normally clandestine aspect of the U.S. military. The U-2 plane has a long and storied history that stretches back to the late 1950s, but how is the reconnaissance aircraft used today?
U-2 planes have been flown by the United States and other nations for more than 60 years, as both a spy plane and an instrument of science. They key to the aircraft's longevity is its robust and efficient design, said Richard Aboulafia, vice president of analysis at Teal Group Corp., which conducts research and analysis on the aerospace and defense industry. He added that Clarence "Kelly" Johnson, the man who designed the U-2, "got it right."
What sets the U-2 apart is its ability to fly higher than any other aircraft for long periods, which is what makes it a good spy plane, he said.
And spy planes are still relevant today, even in the age of satellites. "Satellites are an additional layer," Aboulafia said. "But they can't be retargeted quickly. They are in whatever orbit and they can't be moved, and they are easily blocked by bad weather." Spy planes, on the other hand, have a lot more flexibility. "They can be easily moved from one part of the Earth to another, at any time," Aboulafia said.
Spy in the sky
By the time the first U-2 flew in 1955, the problem of gathering intelligence was becoming more acute. Spy planes were in operation as far back as World War I, when aircraft were used to take photos of enemy positions. But during the Cold War, the U.S. government wanted a way to fly over what was then the Soviet Union without being detected or shot down.
In fact, the U.S. had been flying spy planes into the USSR as early as the 1940s, according to Gregory Pedlow and Donald Walzenbach, authors of "The Central Intelligence Agency and Overhead Reconnaissance: The U-2 and OXCART Programs, 1954-1974" (Military Bookshop, 2013).
Pedlow and Walzenbach said the USSR didn't have complete radar coverage of its borders or interior at that time, and modified B-47 bombers would fly in to take photos of sensitive targets, and then fly out. Moscow protested these flights but didn't shoot any down (though they fired warning shots). That changed in 1950, when the USSR shot down a U.S. plane over the Baltic Sea. Later that year, with the outbreak of the Korean War, Moscow adopted a policy of shooting down aircraft that violated its airspace. [Flying Saucers to Mind Control: 7 Declassified Military & CIA Secrets]
The U.S. Air Force asked aircraft companies to submit designs for a plane that could reach altitudes of 65,000 to 70,000 feet (20,000 to 21,300 meters), and just as important, be able to stay there for long periods. One of the changes to previous designs was that the plane didn't have to be equipped with the heavy armor or weaponry that were the hallmarks ofmilitary planes before, Pedlow and Walzenbach wrote. — Such specifications added weight, and made it more difficult to design a plane that could fly high enough.
It was Johnson's design that won out. To make the plane efficient at high altitudes, he adopted long and straight wings rather than a swept-back design, to improve lift at relatively low speeds (for a jet). The airframe also wasn't as strong or as heavy as the usual military-grade models, allowing for higher flight with less fuel. Johnson's design also dispensed with conventional landing gear and a pressurized cabin.
In operation
The U-2 was introduced into military service in 1957. Even after the USSR shot down one of the planes in 1960, the aircraft was still used in a number of conflicts such as the Vietnam War, providing intelligence to the U.S. and its allies. (The Christian Scence Monitor reported that a U-2 was even stationed in Cyprus in 2011, to monitor the no-fly zone established in Libya). In 1971, NASA started using U-2s as part of the agency's Earth Resources Aircraft program, flying the plane over the United States to gather scientific data. While NASA no longer uses the original U-2 model, a modified U-2, called the ER-2, still flies for the agency.
The first U-2s carried large-format cameras, but the sensors on board have grown much more sophisticated over the years, as have the controls. The engines, avionics and surveillance equipment have all been updated as technology has improved.
According to the U.S. Air Force, the U-2 carries an "electro-optical infrared camera, optical bar camera, advanced synthetic aperture radar, signals intelligence and network-centric communication" for reconnaissance flights.
But the U-2 is still a notoriously difficult aircraft to fly, Aboulafia said, even though the only remaining part from the 1950s version of the plane is the airframe.
The U-2 still conducts reconnaissance missions; there are two flying in the Middle East on any given day to monitor the Islamic State, reported the Los Angeles Times. The plane flies high enough to "peer in" to airspaces where they might not be allowed, as it's no longer a good assumption that radar can't detect the planes or that a surface-to-air missile can't hit them. (Although, the kind of missile that could reach a U-2 is more likely to be in the repertoire of a major military power than a small group of militants in a remote area, Aboulafia noted.)
In September 2015, 60 years after the U-2 was introduced, Lockheed Martin said it would unveil a replacement for the venerable spy plane, called the TR-X. According to a report from Defense News, the Air Force hasn't formally committed to it, though there is a plan to retire the U-2 in 2019. That may not happen, though, as the U-2 has already outlasted some of the planes that were supposedly more advanced, including theLockheed SR-71, which could reach similar altitudes and travel at 3.5 times the speed of sound. The SR-71 was retired in 1998 because it was too expensive to fly regularly.
Ancient Cult Site in Rugged Mountains Revealed with Drones
Ancient Cult Site in Rugged Mountains Revealed with Drones
By Charles Q. Choi, Live Science Contributor
Interpretation of where an ancient sites might be in an aerial drone photo taken in the Le Pianelle area.
Credit: A. Hamel.
Ancient Roman ruins that lie hidden below the surface at the Apennine Mountains of Italy have largely escaped discovery because the rugged terrain makes them difficult to spot by foot and dangerous to find by airplane.
Now, using small airborne drones, archaeologists have found that an ancient settlement in the Apennines was much more dense and organized than previously thought, a new study reveals. The study offered evidence that dronescould help uncover more unknown sites in mountains worldwide.
Scientists investigated the area of Le Pianelle in the Tappino Valley in the mountainous southern Italian region of Molise. This area was known as Samnium in antiquity. [7 Bizarre Ancient Cultures That History Forgot]
"The way this mountain society was organized remains poorly understood," said study author Tesse Stek, a Mediterranean archaeologist at Leiden University in the Netherlands.
Aerial drone photo of the Le Pianelle area in the Apennine Mountains of Italy. A grid of features is visible in the middle of the picture.
Credit: T.D. Stek.
Previously, construction accidentally unearthed two ancient temples in the area. However, "there was no good knowledge about other sites, such as villages, farms, villas, graveyards and so on, that could tell us more about the ancient inhabitants in the area that visited the cult sites," Stek told Live Science. "They seemed to be cathedrals in the desert, so to say." [5 Surprising Ways Drones Could Be Used in the Future]
One theory is that these temples served as road stations and places of commerce along routes where sheep, cattle, goods and information traveled. Another theory suggests that these temples marked the frontier of a large state, such as the territory of the ancient Samnites.
Looking for hidden ruins
Archaeologists might want to conduct aerial surveys to help discover anyruins hidden beneath the surface. These require slow, low-altitude flights where researchers can take pictures of sites from the right angles and with the right lighting reveal ancient complexes.
For instance, on farmland, ancient walls may present themselves "as stripes where the grain is lower," Stek said. "Sometimes this is hard to see from a distance, but it becomes especially visible when the sun is low, and shadow effects enhance the differences in corn height."
However, in rugged terrain, "flying low is very difficult, dangerous, and time-costly," Stek said. "In the mountainous, fragmented area where we work, previously normal aerial archaeology had not had success.
In 2013, 2014 and 2015, the researchers investigated Le Pianelle using small commercial DJI Phantom quadcopter drones with cameras capable of taking photos both downward and from the side. The scientists remotely programmed the drones with flight plans to examine areas where researchers had discovered artifacts on foot.
The main advantage of using drones "is that you can choose very precisely which angle to take photos at the time you want," Stek said. "You can wait for the exact right moment in a specific field, make a flight of, say, 10 to 20 minutes' length, and take photos from all directions. With a normal airplane, you would need to be very lucky to catch the right moment, or you'll fly too high for good visibility or resolution, or the moment may not be right."
Revealing Le Pianelle
The elements made drone-flying difficult at times. "We actually lost one drone during a long, automated flight due to strong winds in a narrow valley," Stek said.
Despite such challenges, the drones helped reveal what appear to be the remains of several likely related archaeological complexes. "I could not believe it at first, but as they showed up on the computer screen at our base camp, the whole team started to yell, 'Wow!'" Stek said. [Incredible Drone Photos: Contest-Winning Images from Above]
Artifacts previously found in the area suggest these ruins date from the Classical to Late Roman period spanning from about the fifth century B.C. to the seventh century A.D. The researchers found that settlements at Le Pianelle were "much more dense, organized and articulated than previously thought," Stek said.
"We have a very complete overview of the internal organization of the settlement, including its disposition along the road, storage spaces, domestic areas and so on."
These new findings suggest the temples that were previously discovered in this area were not located away from civilization, but were rather "actually located at the center of dense, rural communities," Stek said.
Drones will not replace traditional archaeology, Stek emphasized. "If you do not see anything on drone footage, it does not mean that there is nothing underneath," he said. "There are many different factors influencing the detectability of sites by drones, so other types of research, such as field surveys, geophysics and excavations, remain fundamental, too."
The scientists are talking with local authorities to excavate these sites. "Protecting the site from damage from agricultural use and robbing is the first priority now," Stek said.
Stek added that in the spring, "I plan an aerial campaign in which we aim to investigate a large swath of territory in two weeks." In addition, the scientists are experimenting with near-infrared cameras to detect even more hidden details, "with very good results," Stek said.
Stekdetailed his findings online July 4 in the Journal of Cultural Heritage.
How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Big Bang
How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Big Bang
By Paul Sutter, Astrophysicist
This map of the cosmic microwave background, the light released just 380,000 years after the Big Bang, was created using observations by NASA's WMAP spacecraft.
Unfortunately, the Big Bang theory can be a pretty contentious topic. You mention it in casual conversation (well, maybe you don't, but I drop it into as many inappropriate places as possible), and some folks get all up in arms and defensive.
When this happens, I take a long breath and recite my Big Bang Mantra: The Big Bang is not a theory of the creation of the universe, but a model of the history of the universe. Look, I'll even show you a baby picture!
And at this point I pull out my wallet. Instead of smiling kids or cozy family group shots, I've got the cosmic microwave background (CMB). It's about the right age: it's a photograph of the universe when it was only 380,000 years old, which is equivalent to a picture taken of a baby at the end of its first day. [Cosmic Microwave Background: Big Bang Relic Explained (Infographic)]
That image is solid evidence, a smoking microwave gun, in favor of the Big Bang theory. Scientists are some of the most critical people you'll ever meet, forever reluctant to accept a new idea. It took decades of developing theories and accumulating evidence before the Big Bang was even warmly thought of, but the detection of the cosmic microwave background forced even the most truculent astronomers to grudgingly accept it.
Free the light
The early universe was a hot and sweaty place, a seething mosh pit of electrons, protons and high-energy photons. The CMB was released when the universe cooled off juuuust enough that stable atoms could form, turning the entire universe transparent and letting that high-energy light go free. Over the eons that radiation has traveled the cosmos, stretching along with the expansion of the universe, shifting down from white-hot intensity to a feeble few Kelvin above absolute zero.
That leftover light is in the form of microwaves, and is incredibly, fantastically … boring. To one part in 10,000, it's exactly the same, from one end of the sky to the other.
But if you examine those minute differences, strange features appear. Some parts of the CMB sky are 0.0001 Kelvin hotter or cooler than others. There are big patches twice the width of the full moon, and many small bumps and wiggles overlying them. What's going on?
Seeing what the universe is saying
Those larger patches in the CMB are the early universe rocking out. In that hot dense plasma of the infant cosmos, gravitational pressures pulled gases in, and radiation pressure pushed those gases back out. This constant seesaw reverberated throughout the volume of the universe, echoing from one end to the other.
What we see in the CMB is a frozen moment in time, the drums in mid-beat, the cymbals in mid-crash, the guitar in mid-note. Once the radiation disconnected from the protons and electrons, the music couldn't go on, but an image of it remained. Caught in the act, some parts of the universe were slightly denser and hotter than others, and these patterns imprinted themselves on the radiation left behind.
So when we examine those 1-in-10,000 differences, we're really mapping out the state of the universe as it was just 380,000 years into the cosmic concert.
The beautiful technical term for this process is "baryon acoustic oscillations." Baryon = stuff. You and me are made of baryons. Acoustic: something to do with sound. Oscillations: something to do with waves. It's really a fancy way of saying "sound waves," but hey, what's the point of getting a Ph.D. if you can't say fancy things every once in a while?
Those bumps and wiggles in the CMB — those echoes of the crashing chaotic cosmic symphony — are a treasure trove of information. By studying the CMB, we are looking directly at the early universe, and we can use those glorious photons to deduce all sorts of juicy cosmological information.
For example, the global shape of the universe. The big patches in the CMB give us a very handy ruler for measuring shapes. It turns out it's really, really easy (well, OK, only sort-of easy) to figure out how big the patches ought to be. Sure, the universe back then was a crazy-hot plasma, but we're pretty good at figuring out how crazy-hot plasmas operate, especially when the universe was still young and hadn't developed complex structures yet.
We can compare how big those patches ought to be to how they look. If the universe was curved on a global scale (like, say, the surface of a sphere), light from the CMB would bend on its way to Earth, either converging or diverging — making the patches look bigger or smaller than they should.
The result: the scale of the largest patches is precisely what we would expect for a perfectly flat universe. Parallel light rays in our cosmos stay parallel. No hints of exotic geometry to report.
That's not all. The CMB teaches us about the composition of the early universe. Neutrinos zooming around? Dark matter lurking mysteriously? Exotic relics of even earlier epochs wreaking havoc? All those things affect the statistics of the bumps and wiggles in the CMB: how large the largest patches are, how many large versus small patches, the maximum or minimum temperatures, etc. We can toss in any ingredient we want and see how it affects the detailed structure in that ancient light pattern.
The result from decades of analysis of the CMB: We live in a flat universe, dominated by dark energy, with a healthy dose of dark matter, and a few floating bits of normal everyday matter to lighten things up.
We're still not exactly sure what dark matter and dark energy are, but no matter what, the overall picture of the Big Bang remains unchanged: At one time, the universe was small, hot, and dense, and it left us a postcard.
Pluto's heart holds clues about an underwater ocean on the dwarf planet.
Credit: NASA/JHUAPL/SwRI
A new simulation of how Pluto got its "heart" suggests that the dwarf planet most likely has a deep ocean beneath its surface.
Scientists have long suspected that Pluto has liquid water hidden underground. When NASA's New Horizons mission first set sail to the outskirts of the solar system, scientists were already planning to investigatewhether the dwarf planet harbors water.
When New Horizons flew past Pluto in July 2015 and beamed its observations back to Earth, scientists found evidence suggesting that Pluto had water at some point. However, they weren't sure whether Pluto's had an existing ocean, or if it had frozen solid over time.
In a new study, scientists have determined that Pluto's subsurface ocean probably does exist, and that liquid water beneath the dwarf planet's icy shell is at least 60 miles (100 kilometers) deep and about as salty as the Dead Sea on Earth. For perspective, the deepest part of Earth's ocean is about 7 miles (11 km) deep, and Earth is about 150 times the size of Pluto.
However, many details about this possible ocean remain elusive.
"Thermal models of Pluto's interior and tectonic evidence found on the surface suggest that an ocean may exist, but it's not easy to infer its size or anything else about it," Brandon Johnson, lead author of the study and an assistant professor at Brown University's Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, said in a statement. "We've been able to put some constraints on its thickness and get some clues about [its] composition."
Johnson and his team discovered this information about Pluto's ocean by simulating the huge asteroid impact that left the flat, icy patch called Sputnik Planum on Pluto's surface, the western half of Pluto's famous heart-shaped feature. But first, they had to look at Charon, Pluto's largest moon. Charon and Pluto are both tidally locked, so they always face each other with the same sides. Sputnik Planum is found on the side of Pluto that constantly faces Charon, and that positioning implies that the area is what scientists call a "positive mass anomaly," meaning it contains more mass than the rest of Pluto's surface, on average.
At first, this doesn't make any sense. The side of Pluto that faces Charon has a gigantic crater, which is "basically a hole in the ground," Johnson said. "You're taking a bunch of material and blasting it out, so you expect it to have negative mass anomaly. But that's not what we see with Sputnik Planum. That got people thinking about how you could get this positive mass anomaly."
That's where the asteroid simulation comes in. Brown and his team ran several simulations of a 200-km (125 miles) asteroid — the appropriate size for Sputnik Planum's 900-km (560 miles) basin — striking Pluto's icy surface with varying depths of liquid water underneath. During this major impact, the asteroid created a huge dent on Pluto. As the asteroid's remains bounced off of the surface, Pluto's interior bounced back, too.
During this rebound, Pluto's interior was pulled toward the surface at the impact site. If the moving material is dense enough, the weight could make up for the missing mass at the impact site and even out Pluto's weight distribution. So the side of the dwarf planet that appears as though it should be lighter actually weighs about the same as the other side. This process is called "isostatic compensation," and it appears to be the reason why Pluto's dented side is so heavy, the researchers said in the new study; after the asteroid took away Pluto's icy crust, denser water from Pluto's interior evened out the missing mass.
But what really tipped the scale for Pluto was the subsequent sea of nitrogen ice that filled Pluto's heart after the impact: The amount of nitrogen ice in Sputnik Planum doesn't weigh enough to explain the tidal locking alone, Johnson said.
"This scenario requires a liquid ocean," Johnson said. "What this tells us is that, if Sputnik Planum is indeed a positive mass anomaly — and it appears as though it is — this ocean layer of at least 100 kilometers has to be there. It's pretty amazing to me that you have this body so far out in the solar system that still may have liquid water."
Astrophysicist Stephen Hawking views a CGI alien civilization on the exoplanet Gliese 832c in this still from the new documentary "Stephen Hawking's Favorite Places."
Humanity should be wary of seeking out contact with alien civilizations, Stephen Hawking has warned once again.
In 2010, the famed astrophysicist said that intelligent aliens may be rapacious marauders, roaming the cosmos in search of resources to plunder andplanets to conquer and colonize. He reiterates that basic concern in "Stephen Hawking's Favorite Places," a new documentary streaming now on the CuriosityStream video service.
"One day, we might receive a signal from a planet like this," Hawking says in the documentary, referring to a potentially habitable alien world known as Gliese 832c. "But we should be wary of answering back. Meeting an advanced civilization could be like Native Americans encountering Columbus. That didn't turn out so well."
For what it's worth, some other astronomers believe Hawking's caution is unwarranted. Any alien civilization advanced enough to come to Earth would surely already know of humans' existence via the radio and TV signals that humanity has been sending out into space since 1900 or so, this line of thinking goes.
The alien musings are just a small part of "Stephen Hawking's Favorite Places." The 26-minute documentary shows the scientist zooming through the cosmos on a souped-up CGI spaceship called the "S.S. Hawking," making five separate stops.
Hawking observes the Big Bangthat created the universe, visits the monster black hole at the center of the Milky Way, journeys to Gliese 832c and tours Saturn in Earth's own solar system. Then, he makes a final stop in Santa Barbara, California, which Hawking calls "my home away from home."
"In 1974, Caltech [the California Institute of Technology] offered me a job in California," the Englishman Hawking says in the documentary. "I jumped at the opportunity. In the sun with my young family, it was a world away from the gray skies of Cambridge, [England]. I've traveled the globe, but I've never found anywhere quite like this."
You can watch a preview of "Stephen Hawking's Favorite Places," and learn how to subscribe to CuriosityStream, at the video service's website:www.curiositystream.com.
'Impossible' Cloud On Saturn's Moon Titan May Resemble Earth's Ozone Killers
'Impossible' Cloud On Saturn's Moon Titan May Resemble Earth's Ozone Killers
By Jesse Emspak, Space.com Contributor
Saturn's largest moon, Titan, is visible in front of the planet and its rings in this photo taken by NASA's Cassini spacecraft, shown in true color.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute
A strange cloud on Titan that seems to appear out of nowhere may form through process similar to one that depletes the ozone layer at Earth's poles. This process involves reactions with solid crystals rather than vapor.
The weird cloud, which NASA officials described as "impossible" in a statement, is made of dicyanoacetylene (C4N2), which is one of several hydrocarbons that give Titan's atmosphere it's orange-brown hue. One cloud just like it was first seen by Voyager 1, which passed by Saturn in 1980. Strangely, though, there didn't seem to be enough dicyanoacetylene in Titan's atmosphere to make such a cloud — only 1 percent of the amount needed.
Observations of this newer cloud, taken by the Cassini orbiter currently exploring Saturn's system, yielded similar results: The spacecraft saw a high-altitude cloud, but there was not enough raw material to make one. At first, the scientists thought the problem was that the Voyager instrument wasn't sensitive enough to pick up the dicyanoacetylene. But when Cassini got the same result, that explanation was scrapped, researchers said in the NASA statement.
Clouds are usually formed via condensation; a gas will rise to a certain height before cooling enough to turn to liquid vapor. This is what water does on Earth, forming clouds, and what methane does on Titan.
In the upper atmosphere, the process differs slightly; in that case, warm air is pushed to the poles and then sinks, where it condenses into clouds.
Carrie Anderson, a planetary scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, led a team at Goddard and the California Institute of Technology that proposed a different model for those clouds' formation: reactions among solid ice particles.
Researchers think "solid state" chemistry similar to that on Earth's poles might help form the clouds on Saturn's moon Titan.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/GSFC
Under this process, crystals of another hydrocarbon, cyanoacetylene (HC3N), would condense as the gas moves downward through Titan's upper atmosphere. On the way, the crystals get coated by hydrogen cyanide (HCN). The little coated particles get hit with ultraviolet light from the sun, and the result is a reaction that forms dicyanoacetylene ice and hydrogen.
This process is similar to one on Earth involving clouds that sometimes form in the stratosphere and chlorine-bearing chemical pollutants. The chlorine chemicals stick to the ice crystals, react when hit with UV light and create ozone-destroying chemicals.
The study appears in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.
Cosmic 'Echoes' Reveal Stars Devoured by Black Holes
Cosmic 'Echoes' Reveal Stars Devoured by Black Holes
By Samantha Mathewson, Space.com Contributor
As a star is devoured by a supermassive black hole, it emits a bright stream of material called a tidal disruption flare.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
A doomed star falling into a black hole may produce a flare of light that "echoes" through nearby dust clouds, according to two new studies.
Monster black holes can be millions of times more massive than the sun. If a star happens to wander too close, the black hole's extreme gravitational forces can tear the star into shreds, in an event called "stellar tidal disruption."
This kind of stellar destruction may also spit out a bright flare of energy in the form of ultraviolet and X-ray light. The two new studies examine how surrounding dust absorbs and re-emits the light from those flares, like a cosmic echo, according to a statement from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). [Millions of Black Holes Seen by WISE Telescope (Photos)]
"This is the first time we have clearly seen the infrared-light echoes from multiple tidal disruption events," Sjoert van Velzen, a postdoctoral fellow at Johns Hopkins University and lead author of one study, said in the statement.
The new studies use data from NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). The NASA study led by van Velzen used these "echoes" to identify three black holes in the act of devouring stars. The second study, led by Ning Jiang, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Science and Technology of China, identified a potential fourth light echo.
Flares emitted from stellar tidal disruptions are extremely energetic and "destroy any dust" that is within the immediate neighborhood, according to NASA. However, a patchy, spherical web of dust that resides a few trillion miles (half a light-year) from the black hole can survive the flare and absorb light released from the star being gobbled up.
"The black hole has destroyed everything between itself and this dust shell," van Velzen said in the statement. "It's as though the black hole has cleaned its room by throwing flames."
The absorbed light heats the more distant dust, which in turn gives off infrared radiation that the WISE instrument can measure. These emissions can be detected for up to a year after the flare is at its brightest, the statement said. Scientists are able to characterize and locate the dust by measuring the delay between the original light flare and the subsequent echoes, according to the NASA study, which will be published in the Astrophysical Journal.
"Our study confirms that the dust is there, and that we can use it to determine how much energy was generated in the destruction of the star," Varoujan Gorjian, an astronomer at JPL and co-author of the paper led by van Velzen, said in the statement.
NASA: Activity Spied on Europa, But It's 'NOT Aliens'
NASA: Activity Spied on Europa, But It's 'NOT Aliens'
By Ian O'Neill, Discovery News
Artist's concept showing a simulated view from the surface of Jupiter's moon Europa, with the giant planet looming over the horizon.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
On Monday, NASA will host a teleconference "to present new findings from images captured by the agency's Hubble Space Telescope of Jupiter's icy moon, Europa."
If, like me, you were hopeful that this announcement might include hints of an extraterrestrial flavor, the space agency was keen to quickly nip any alien-related rumors in the bud:
Of course, any revelations about Europa's hypothetical alien inhabitants probably wouldn't have been a possibility; this is a Hubble-related astronomical discovery and we don't currently have a mission close enough to the enigmatic moon to seek out direct evidence for extraterrestrial life. But as noted in the NASA press release, the announcement is related to the "presence of a subsurface ocean on Europa," which is the key factor behind the moon's habitable potential.
There's already strong evidence that Europa possesses a sub-surface ocean cocooned inside a protective icy shell. Other studies suggest that the ocean circulates the crater-free surface, creating icy tectonics, absorbing chemicals from the surface into the ocean below. Interactions between Europa's hot, rocky core could make the water salty. All of these factors means that any hypothetical lifeforms in that ocean could have access to nutrients.
WATCH VIDEO: HUGE Water Geysers Found on Jupiter's Moon!
Some of the more interesting hypotheses about Europa include the possibility that the ocean may not only be able to support basic microbial life, there could be enough dissolved oxygen to support the evolution of complex, multi-cellular life forms. If you're thinking Europan jellyfish, you're not alone.
In 2013, Hubble detected the presence of a plume of water vapor surrounding the moon, boosting hopes that geysers are blasting through Europa's thick crust, releasing some of the ocean's water to space. Europa became the second moon in the solar system, after Saturn's moon Enceladus, to be known to vent water through its icy crust. Not only does the presence geysers provide further powerful evidence of the existence of a liquid water ocean, venting it into space provides an opportunity for our robotic missions to directly sample the chemicals it contains. NASA's Cassini mission at Saturn has sampled Enceladus' briny water vapor and, after the 2013 Hubble find, hopes were high the same could be done for Europa.
However, the excitement was short-lived; Hubble couldn't repeat the observation, possibly indicating that the first vapor detection was in error, or a transient event like an asteroid impact.
Could this "surprising activity" on Europa announcement on Monday be related to the detection of another plume of water vapor? If so, it will be a veryexciting find, confirming the moon has an active sub-surface ocean that is released via geysers to space. And if this is the case, it will surely boost excitement for NASA's "Europa Clipper" concept as not only a mission that will study the moon up-close, but a sampling mission that could get a taste of Europa's sub-surface ocean to find out if it has the right ingredients for life.
A giant blob of gas and dust far off in the universe mysteriously glows bright green, and astronomers have finally
figured out why. Two huge galaxies were observed in the blob's core, and they're surrounded by a swarm of smaller galaxies in what appears to be the birth of a massive cluster of galaxies.
Astronomers spotted the blob's central galaxies using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and the Very Large Telescope at the European Southern Observatory in Chile. The glowing space blob was first discovered in 2000, and the source of its light has been a mystery ever since. Scientists created this video to zoom in on the space blob and reveal its inner galaxies.
Further observations by the Hubble Space Telescope and the Keck Observatory in Hawaii revealed the swarm of small, faint galaxies surrounding the bigger two in the heart of the blob. Here, galaxies are forming stars at 100 times the rate of the Milky Way.
A giant green "space blob" - called the Lyman-alpha blob LAB-1 - is seen in this composite of two different images taken by the Very Large Telescope in Chile. The LAB-1 space blob is 300,000 light-years across, making it one of the largest known single objects in the universe.
Credit: ESO/M. Hayes
"For a long time, the origin of the extended Lyman-alpha light has been controversial," Jim Geach, the study's lead author, said in a statement. "But with the combination of new observations and cutting-edge simulations, we think we have solved a 15-year-old mystery."
Lyman-alpha blobs
So-called "Lyman-alpha blobs" are some of the biggest things in space. This particular space blob, named SSA22-Lyman-alpha Blob 1 (LAB-1), is the largest of its kind. It measures about 300,000 light-years across, or three times the size of the Milky Way galaxy.
LAB-1 is located 11.5 billion light-years from Earth, so the light we observe from it is almost as old as the universe (13.8 billion years). This means that looking at LAB-1 provides a window into the early history of the universe.
Lyman-alpha blobs consist mainly of hydrogen gas and emit a particular wavelength of ultraviolet light called Lyman-alpha radiation. The light looks green to viewers on Earth, because its wavelength is stretched by the expanding universe during its long trip here.
This is a snapshot from a computer simulation of the evolution of a Lyman-alpha Blob similar to LAB-1. Gas within the dark matter halo is color- coded so that cold gas (mainly hydrogen) appears red and hot gas appears white. At the center of this system are two star-forming galaxies surrounded by hot gas and many smaller satellite galaxies that appear as small red clumps.
Credit: J. Geach / D. Narayanan / R. Crain
Simulating the blob
Once they had observed the sources of light from within the blob, the researchers created simulations of galaxy formation using NASA's Pleiades supercomputer. They wanted to show that ultraviolet light — a byproduct ofstar formation — scatters off hydrogen gas to create a bright, glowing mega-blob like LAB-1.
"Think of a streetlight on a foggy night — you see the diffuse glow because light is scattering off the tiny water droplets," Geach said in the same statement. "A similar thing is happening here, except the streetlight is an intensely star-forming galaxy and the fog is a huge cloud of intergalactic gas. The galaxies are illuminating their surroundings."
This diagram explains how a Lyman-alpha Blob, one of the largest and brightest objects in the uUniverse, shines.
Credit: ESO / J. Geach
The simulations also track gas and dark matter in the blob as it evolves into a galaxy. "Lyman-alpha Blob-1 is the site of formation of a massive elliptical galaxy that will one day be the heart of a giant cluster," Geach added.
The official 20 minute documentary about the Hessdalen phenomena. UFO's that scientists confirm are there.
Hessdalen Lights. UFO. Unexplained phenomena
Published on Jul 5, 2016
The Hessdalen lights are of unknown origin. They appear at night, and seem to float through and above the valley. They are usually bright white, yellow, or red and can appear above and below the horizon. The duration of the phenomenon may be from a few seconds to longer than an hour. Sometimes the lights move with enormous speed, and at other times, seem to slowly sway back and forth. On yet other occasions, they hover mid‑air. Some[who?] hypothesise that the light is ionised iron dust.
Unusual lights have been reported in the region since at least the 1930s.[2] Especially high activity occurred between December 1981 and mid-1984, at which point the lights were being observed 15–20 times per week, which attracted many overnight tourists.[3] As of 2010
100,000s of UFOs in Norway
Published on Aug 28, 2014
Mysterious UFO like lights have been spotted in Hessdalen, Norway as much as 500 times per year…
Mysterious lights have been reported in the sky of Hessdalen, Norway ever since the 1940s. This isn’t your average UFO phenomenon though, as the lights are observed…as witnessed in the year 1984, 15-20 times per week.
In fact, the mysterious lights appear so often that tourists used to and sometimes still do camp out to see the phenomenon in the sky. Since 1984, though, the lights are only observed 10-20 times per year.
The lights usually consist of a bright colored light – they can even take on any number of shapes or formations. They can last up to an hour.
The Hessdalen lights are a true 100% UFO. They remain completely unidentified.
Sometimes they even take on a metallic like appearance…leading some to believe they are alien in nature.
They have been recorded to even reach speeds of 30,000 kilometers per hour – which is much much faster than any human aircraft.
Norway even set up a permanent station to study the lights – but the exact cause of the lights is still a mystery.
Scientists have a variety of theories…one of the more prominent ones is that the lights are caused by earth acting as a giant battery of sorts….but this is one of many, many theories.
Just what could these lights be? Perhaps their explanation lies in interdimensional travelers…perhaps in a more scientific one…. Whatever the answer is, the mystery has yet to be solved – even after 70 years.
Subscribe and discover more mysteries you probably shouldn’t.
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ER IS GEEN ONTKOMEN AAN DE KOMST VAN NIBIRU
peter2011= = Heb besloten dit artikel toch te plaatsen! Onheilsprofetie? Of zit er toch een grond van waarheid in en wordt er veel voor ons verzwegen?
ER IS GEEN ONTKOMEN AAN DE KOMST VAN NIBIRU
Met iedere dag die verstrijkt komt er een mini zonnestelsel dichterbij de aarde en zal straks voor de nodige chaos zorgen.
Talloze experts beginnen nu alarm te slaan en treffen voorbereidingen om de komende roerige tijden te kunnen overleven.
Tot nog niet zo gek lang geleden werden wij volkomen voor gek verklaard omdat wij al jaren en jaren schrijven over de komst van een onbekende planeet.
Inmiddels is het ook een geliefd onderwerp geworden in de mainstream-media en is het duidelijk dat de bevolking wordt voorbereid op de komst van een bruine dwergster Nemesis, de kleine tweeling van onze zon, omringd door een aantal planeten en manen, waarvan Nibiru er één is. Men noemt dit zonnestelsel ook wel het Planet X complex.
Ook de bekende onderzoeker Marshall Masters maakt soortgelijke geluiden en we hebben onlangs kunnen zien hoe deonroerend goed markt voor rijken in Amerika volledig is ingestort, alsof zij iets weten dat wij (nog) niet weten.
De komst van dit Planet X complex zal gepaard gaan met een enorme toename van wat we noemen ruimtepuin. Asteroïden die in ongekende hoeveelheden door de krachten van dit stelsel onze kant op zullen worden geslingerd.
Enkele dagen geleden schreven wij al over de alarmerende toename van vuurbollen in de lucht. Dit is absoluut geen toeval en hoort bij de symptomen van de nadering van dit Planet X stelsel. Net zoals dat het geval is met veranderende weerpatronen door de zogenaamde wobble op het noordelijk halfrond, de spectaculaire toename van vulkaanuitbarstingen en andere tekenen van de nadering zoals aardbevingen, sinkholes en extreem weer.
Een voorbeeld van hoe sterk die vuurbollen in aantal toenemen. Volgens de American Meteor Society (AMS) was er in augustus van dit jaar sprake van 24 procent toename van het aantal vuurbollen ten opzichte van augustus vorig jaar.
Hieronder staat een video van Coast to Coast radio met een heel recent interview met Marshall Master. Wij willen iedereen aanraden om dat te gaan beluisteren omdat er veel waardevolle informatie in wordt gegeven.
Dit soort video’s wordt vaak weer snel off line gehaald en mocht dat met deze ook gebeuren, wij hebben hem gedownload en kan door ons dan op verzoek worden toegestuurd.
Masters legt duidelijk uit in die video dat we te maken hebben met een zonnestelsel, waarbij de donkere tweeling van onze zon, Nemesis, een passage zal maken ergens tussen Mars en Jupiter, waardoor het niet waarschijnlijk is dat deze ster tussen ons en de zon zal passeren.
Nibiru is de buitenste planeet van het zonnestelsel en zal wel tussen de aarde en de zon passeren, waardoor ook de drie dagen duisternis zullen ontstaan zoals die bijvoorbeeld in de bijbel voor komen.
Volgens Ed Dames zal de planeet Nibiru duidelijk voor iedereen zichtbaar zijn in december 2017 en wat er eigenlijk daarna gaat gebeuren en hoe snel, daar zijn de meningen nogal over verdeeld.
Interessant gegeven is ook dat wanneer je de periode neemt van 3.600 jaar voor een passage van dit zonnestelsel het eigenlijk niet helemaal klopt. Dit komt volgens Master omdat de auteur Zecharia Sitchin uit ging van de Gregoriaanse kalender zoals wij die hanteren, maar wanneer je de maankalender gebruikt wat hij eigenlijk had moeten doen en je gaat terugrekenen, kom je uit in de dagen van Exodus uit de Bijbel.
Navolgend eerst het interview met Marshall Masters en daaronder een deel van een onderzoek gedaan door Franklin ter Horst over de periode dat de Exodus zou hebben plaatsgevonden.
Zo was de situatie ten tijde van de vorige passage van het Planet X stelsel:
Een papyrustekst die bewaard wordt in de Ermitage in Sint-Petersburg in Rusland geeft ook een uiteenzetting van een ramp die zich in Egypte voltrekt.
Het land is volkomen verwoest er rest niets meer. De zon is versluierd en schijnt niet in de ogen van de mensen. Niemand kan meer leven. De rivier is droog en de aarde is tot ellende vervallen.
Aan de Rode zee op het Arabisch schiereiland bestaan overleveringen die vertellen dat een geweldige vloedgolf het land overspoelde en dat de mensen door zware stormen werden weggeslingerd. De aarde beefde hevig en daaraan gingen diverse natuurverschijnselen vooraf. Het toneel van deze gebeurtenissen staat bekend onder de naam "Idam "wat razernij betekent. De Arabische schrijvers van dit verhaal waren zich niet bewust van enigerlei verband tussen hun verhaal en de omschreven rampen in het boek Exodus.
In een geschrift met de naam "Ipoewer" beschrijft een Egyptische ooggetuige een serie rampen die direct doen denken aan de Bijbelse plagen. Dit geschrift is gevonden in Memphis in de omgeving van de piramide van Sakkara. In 1828 kwam de papyrus in het bezit van het museum van Leiden waar het in de catalogus staat vermeld als Leiden 1344. Het is een geschrift vol klaagliederen en een beschrijving van een ingrijpende natuurramp die vergezeld ging van aardbevingen en hevige stormen. De papyrus vertelt dat een uitzonderlijke krachtige westenwind zeven dagen duurde en dat al die tijd het land in een diepe duisternis gehuld was. Stofwolken kleurden het water rood als was het bloed en een alles verwoestende hagel sloeg enorme wonden in huid van mens en dier. De papyrus verhaalt de gebeurtenissen op de volgende wijze.
Voorwaar, het land draait rond als het wiel van een pottenbakker. De steden zijn verwoest. Opper Egypte is dor geworden. Alles ligt in puin. De residentie is in een oogwenk vernietigd. Er komt geen eind aan het rumoer. Pest heerst door het hele land. Bloed is overal, zelfs de rivier is bloed. Mensen huiveren het te drinken. Menselijke wezens, dorsten naar water. Dit is ons water, ons geluk, wat zullen we ten aanzien daarvan doen ? Alles is verwoesting, alle vissen zijn dood.
Dit onheilspellend gebeuren ging gepaard met verterend vuur en dit vuur verspreidde zich over het hele land.
Vuur schoot naar de aarde. En terwijl er vuur door de hagelbuien heenflikkerde, hagelde het buitengewoon zwaar. Voorwaar, poorten, zuilen en muren werden verteerd door vuur. Beneden-Egypte weent. Het gehele paleis van de Farao is zonder zijn inkomsten. Daartoe behoren tarwe en gerst, ganzen en vis. Voorwaar, het koren is aan alle kanten vergaan. Alles is vergaan wat gisteren nog werd gezien. Het land is aan zijn moeheid overgeleverd als afgesneden vlas.
De melding dat de oogsten te velde in een enkele dag werden verwoest sluit droogte, de gebruikelijke oorzaak van een slechte oogst uit. Alleen hagel en vuur konden akkers hebben achtergelaten als na het afsnijden van vlas. Bomen zijn vernield.Geen vruchten noch kruiden worden meer gevonden. Er heerst honger onder de overlevenden. Alle dieren, hun harten wenen. Het vee kermt. Zie, het overgebleven vee heeft zich verstrooid en er is niemand het te verzamelen. Voorwaar, de kinderen van de prinsen worden op de straat gesmeten. Niemand aanschouwde de doodsnood in de kerker, een kuil in de grond waarin gevangenen werden opgesloten, toen deze kerker door aardbevingen werd dichtgegooid. De gevangenis is verwoest. Het kermen dat door het land gaat is doortrokken van klaagzangen.
De ongeborenen, klaagt Ipoewer, gingen het eeuwige leven binnen nog eer zij het licht van de wereld hadden aanschouwd. Zelfs zwangere vrouwen op het punt te baren, kregen een miskraam en stierven omdat de verwoester rondwaarde en al wat hij vond verwoestte. Wanneer men een aantal van de voorvallen uit de papyrus vergelijkt met de Bijbelse plagen dan ontdekt men de volgende overeenkomsten.
UFO Caught In Early Morning Over India On Sept 25, 2016, Video, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Caught In Early Morning Over India On Sept 25, 2016, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: Sept 25, 2016 Location of sighting: India This UFO sometimes looks like a pentagon, and other times like a hexagon. It was seen over India this week in the early morning. A lot of aliens think that flying between 12 midnight and 5 am lowers the risk of being seen and allows them to do what they got to do. Scott C. Waring Eyewitness states: Early morning around 5 am 25 sept 2016 over India.
This UFO is very similar to the UFO seen on top of the World Trade Center Memorial light back on Sept 11, 2016. The shape and and size would match. It looks like a person in a white cloak and a hoodie looking down at the ground. Scott C. Waring
News states: Peter Lee, from Radcliffe, Greater Manchester, was out at 2pm on September 18 with his daughters when he spotted the circular silver shape hovering in the sky. The trio were watching planes fly overhead as they waited to catch a tram when the unidentified object drifted into sight and left them open mouthed. Mr Lee, 57, said: "We always look at planes as they fly over and then there it was - we all saw it. "It was thousands of feet up in the air, higher than some of the planes, and was moving very, very slowly. "It was so unusual looking I made sure I took a couple of pictures. "A lot of people have said it's a helium balloon, but they don't go that far.
"When you look at the pictures it's right above the clouds." It's like everything else, such as ghosts, you don't believe it until you see it. Keen amateur photographer Mr Lee said that his camera goes everywhere with him, much to his daughters' mirth. Mr Lee said: "My daughters take the mickey that I always have my Canon camera with me - it comes with me everywhere. "They laugh because I take pictures of everything - so they weren't surprised I took this." Declassified MOD files released in 2013 revealed that UFO reports had been made in several areas of Greater Manchester over the years, including Radcliffe.
Nan Madol is the only ancient city ever built upon a coral reef. It is comprised of a set of almost 100 stone and coral fill platforms atop artificial islands separated by narrow channels and enclosed by an outer seawall and includes the remains of stone palaces, temples, tombs and residential domains. Yet despite the enormity of the undertaking in building the city, no records exist as to when exactly it was built, where the enormous rocks came from, how they were transported there, and for what reason it was constructed on top of a reef.
UNESCO has finally paid attention to the immense historical significance of Nan Madol, a mysterious ancient coral reef city off the island of Pohnpei in Micronesia, by placing it on the World Heritage List. Describing it as a “globally significant masterpiece of creative genius”, Nan Madol is an engineering marvel, but it has not yet given up all its secrets.
Evidence of the early human activity on the islands dates back to the first or second century BC, but it is not known exactly when the construction of the artificial islets started. Theories range from the 5 th to the 11 th century AD, purportedly built as a ritual and ceremonial centre for the ruling chiefs of the Saudeleur Dynasty. UNESCO dates the site at 1200 to 1500 AD. The Saudeleur dynasty was the first organized government uniting the people of Pohnpei island, ruling from around 1100 to around 1628 AD. However, this era was preceded by the Mwehin Kawa (“period of building”) and Mwehin Aramas (“period of peopling”).
The name Nan Madol means “spaces between” and refers to the canals that criss-cross the ruins. However, its traditional name was Soun Nan-leng (Reef of Heaven), according to Gene Ashby in his book Pohnpei, An Island Argosy .
The total area of the enclosure is 75 hectares. The foundations of the islets were constructed of huge basalt boulders, on which walled enclosures were built using columnar basalt in a header and stretcher pattern in-filled with coral rubble. Walls were as high as 15 metres and up to 5 metres thick. The average weight of each stone is 5 tons, with some weighing as much as 50 tons and it has been estimated that the total weight of the columnar basalt that makes up the city’s construction is up to 750,000 metric tons.
Probable quarry sites around the island have been identified, but the exact origin of the stones used in the construction of Nan Madol is yet to be determined. No quarries exist in the immediate vicinity meaning that the stones must have been transported to their current location. What is even more incredible is that the builders managed to accomplish the task without pulleys, levers or metal to aid in the process.
Most Pohnpeians still believe the legend that Nan Madol began with the arrival of twin sorcerers Olisihpa and Olosohpa from the mythical Western Katau. The twins were said to be much taller than native Pohnpeians. The brothers sought a place to build an altar so that they could worship Nahnisohn Sahpw, the god of agriculture. The two sorcerers successfully built an altar at Nan Madol, where they performed rituals to levitate the huge stones with the aid of a flying dragon. When Olisihpa died of old age, Olosohpa became the first Saudeleur.
Historians and archaeologists have suggested that they huge rocks may have been floated via raft to the islets, however, the exact means of engineering with which the massive stones were moved from their distant quarries, over land and water, and erected on the reef complexes is still unknown.
According to UNESCO, Nan Madol represents a “globally significant masterpiece of creative genius” because it exhibits the most perfectly preserved habitation, leadership and ceremonial plan of an architectural ensemble of the Pacific region. In a statement published on their website, they write: “The huge scale of the edifices, their technical sophistication and the concentration of megalithic structures bear testimony to complex social and religious practices of the island societies of the period.”
Nan Madol housed the ruling elite caste of Saudeleur dynasty and was used as a political and ceremonial seat of power. As a means of control of their subjects, Saudeleur rulers forced local chieftains to leave their home villages and move to the city where their activities could be more closely observed.
The islets to the northeast, particularly Nan Douwas, were used for rituals and ceremonies, while over time all the seawall islets (nearly 60) functioned as burial places. Other islets were administrative and residential, and some served special purpose, such as food preparation, coconut oil production or canoe construction.
Plan of Nan Madol. May by Holger Beher (Wikimedia Commons)
Rule was maintained by one man, the Saudeleur, at Nan Madol. The land, its contents, and its inhabitants were owned by the Saudeleur ruler, who leased the land to landlord classes overseeing commoners harvesting the land. The commoners were required to present the ruler with frequent tributes of fruit and fish. The logistical difficulties of the site, which involved having no fresh water and no place capable of growing crops, were not a problem for the Saudeleur because the people of the islands brought everything that was needed.
The Saudeleur dynasty ruled the islands for more than a millennium, yet there is nothing left of them but legend and the crumbling black basalt ruins. No art, no carvings, no writing. The only knowledge that remains is that which has been passed down through oral history by the Pohnpeians, who describe the Saudeleurs as deeply religious, tyrannial and cruel, and the remains of their civilization are often viewed with fear and superstition by modern-day Pohnpeians.
According to local lore, the ultimate downfall of the Saudeleurs was their increasingly oppressive rule and centralised social system. The dynasty was toppled in 1628 by the semi-mythical warrior Isokelekel, who came from the island of Kosrae 530 km to the east, creating the modern Nahnmwarki system of tribal chiefdom that has existed in one form or another to this day in the island’s five municipalities.
There is great variation among sources for the exact events before, during and after the invasion of Nan Madol by Isokelekel; at least 13 different accounts of the war have been published and told by the the Pohnpeians. In most versions of the legend, the Saudeleur ruler had become oppressive and its lords had offended the Thunder God revered by the Pohnpeians. The Thunder God left Pohnpei for Kosrae, where he impregnated a human by feeding her a lime. This union produced the semi-divine Isokelekel, who in the womb knew his destiny of vengeance.
There are many accounts of Isokelekel’s battle with the Saudeleur ruler. In one version, Isokelekel's warriors are aided by hidden weapons that suddenly appeared. The tide of war reversed several times, but ended against the Saudeleur, who retreated with his army into the main island of Pohnpei. Legend recounts that the battle ended with the Saudeleur lord retreating uphill to a stream, where he transformed into a fish and remains today. Isokelekel took the title of Nahnmwarki and assumed the seat of power in Nan Madol as had the Saudeleur Dynasty before him.
When the period of the Nahnmwarkis began, the new rulers at first resided at Nan Madol but they could not depend on anyone regularly supplying them with food and water and eventually they moved back to their own districts, abandoning Nan Madol forever.
By any measure, the city of Nan Madol is impressive. The work required to build it was on such an enormous scale, yet the current inhabitants of Pohnpei live in humble grass huts. What accounts for this huge contrast? More importantly, how was the city built in the first place? The fact that there are no existing records on Nan Madol means that we may never know the secrets buried within the walls of this unique coral reef city.
China has lost control of its Tiangong-1 space station
China has lost control of its Tiangong-1 space station
China launched its prototype space station called Tiangong-1 back in September 2011. The name Tiangong-1 translates to mean Heavenly Palace 1, but 5 years on from that launch and there’s nothing heavenly about the state of China’s space palace anymore. In fact, they’ve had to admit control of the space station has been lost.
Rather than stating “we’ve lots control,” Chinese officials instead have said that Tiangong-1 will fall back to Earth at some point in late 2017. Some point is the best estimate we will get as China no longer has control of the station so it will come down when it’s good and ready.
The one concern about this situation is how much of Tiangong-1 won’t burn up in Earth’s atmosphere during its uncontrolled descent. Any parts that don’t will fall to Earth, and may fall on populated areas. The chances of that happening are small due to the sheer size of Earth and how much of our planet is covered in water, but the Chinese simply don’t know when re-entry will happen, so there’s no guarantees.
The last crew to visit Tiangong-1 departed in June 2013 and the station has been in sleep mode ever since while China continued to collect data about the health of its components. That data collection ended in March of this year, with the plan to perform a controlled descent and burn up in Earth’s atmosphere. But clearly something went wrong.
Meanwhile, China’s Tiangong-2 (Heavenly Palace 2) space station launched last week on September 15 from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center located in the Gobi desert. Several manned missions are planned to visit the new station.
Scientists Simulating March Mission is long Hawaii for end-to-year in isolation
Scientists Simulating March Mission is long Hawaii for end-to-year in isolation
US, French and German volunteers have been living on freeze-dried food and trying to avoid personal conflicts on the red planet-like slopes of Mauna Loa
Six scientists are close to wrapping up a year of near isolation in a Mars simulation on a Hawaii mountain.
They manage limited resources while conducting research and working to avoid personal conflicts. Communication is delayed by 20 minutes, the length it would take to relay messages from Mars.
Kim Binsted, principal investigator for the Hawaii Space Exploration Analog and Simulation (Hi-Seas), said this simulation was the second-longest of its kind after a mission that lasted 520 days in Russia.
“They’re doing OK, as far as we can tell,” Binsted said of the scientists.
Previous simulations in the Mauna Loa dome have lasted four to eight months. Mauna Loa soil is similar to what would be found on Mars. The area’s high elevation means almost no plant growth. Nasa funded the study run through the University of Hawaii.
The scientists will have access to fresh produce and other foods not available to them in the dome when the simulation ends on 28 August.
“They are clamoring to get into the ocean,” Binsted said. “I think they will enjoy having a beer as well.”
The current simulation has been the fourth and longest, with volunteers from France, Germany and the United States, including a soil scientist, an astronomer, a physicist and an astrobiologist, who have survived on freeze-dried foods for months. An eight-month simulation starts in January.
Crewmembers aboard the starship Enterprise on the iconic TV series "Star Trek" could "beam up" from planets to starships, making travel between great distances look easy. While these capabilities are clearly fictional, researchers have now performed "quantum teleportation" of laser pulses over several miles within two city networks of fiber optics.
Although the method described in the research will not replace city subways or buses with transporter booths, it could help lead to hack-proof telecommunications networks, as well as a "quantum internet" to help extraordinarily powerful quantum computers talk to one another.
Teleporting an object from one point in the universe to another without it moving through the space in between may sound like science fiction, but quantum physicists have actually been experimenting with quantum teleportation since 1998. The current distance record for quantum teleportation — a feat announced in 2012 — is about 89 miles (143 kilometers), between the two Canary Islands of La Palma and Tenerife, off the northwest coast of Africa. [10 Futuristic Technologies 'Star Trek' Fans Would Love to See]
Spooky action
Quantum teleportation relies on the bizarre nature of quantum physics, which finds that the fundamental building blocks of the universe, such as subatomic particles, can essentially exist in two or more places at once. Specifically, quantum teleportation depends on a strange phenomenon known as "quantum entanglement," in which objects can become linked and influence each other instantaneously, no matter how far apart they are.
Currently, researchers cannot teleport matter (say, a human) across space, but they can use quantum teleportation to beam information from one place to another. The quantum teleportation of an electron, for example, would first involve entangling a pair of electrons. Next, one of the two electrons — the one to be teleported — would stay in one place while the other electron would be physically transported to whatever destination is desired.
Then, the fundamental details or "quantum state" of the electron to be teleported are analyzed — an act that also destroys its quantum state. Finally, that data is sent to the destination, where it can be used on the other electron to recreate the first one, so that it is indistinguishable from the original. For all intents and purposes, that electron has teleported. (Because the data is sent using regular signals such as light pulses or electrons, quantum teleportation can proceed no faster than the speed of light.)
Now, two research groups independently report quantum teleportation over several miles of fiber-optic networks in the cities of Hefei, China, and Calgary, Alberta. The scientists detailed their findings online Sept. 19 in two independent papers in the journal Nature Photonics.
Futuristic tech
Quantum teleportation is the key to many potential future technologies. For instance, quantum cryptography could use quantum teleportation to transmit data securely between two points in a way that can automatically detect any intrusion. In addition, people could use quantum teleportation in a "quantum internet" to share data with quantum computers, which previous research suggested could run more calculations in an instant than there are atoms in the universe. [8 Ways You Can See Einstein's Theory of Relativity in Real Life]
"In the future, if you have a quantum computer, if users wanted to use it, they could send data to the quantum computer and get results, just like with modern cloud computation," Qiang Zhang, a quantum engineer at the University of Science and Technology of China and co-senior author of the Hefei work, told Live Science.
Each of the two quantum-teleportation experiments involved communication across up to 7.7 miles (12.5 km) between three distinct locations to mimic the structure of future quantum networks. The only previous experiment with such a three-lab setup involved distances of less than 0.6 miles (1 km).
Previous experiments involving a three-lab setup used pulses of visible light, which cannot travel great distances within optical fibers. In contrast, the new studies employed the kind of infrared light often used in everyday telecommunications networks, which can travel farther. They also used pre-existing fiber-optic networks in each city.
Long-distance quantum teleportation involves laser beams that are synchronized until they are indistinguishable from each other down to the level of single photons, even after zipping through several miles of fiber optics laid within changing environments. Both research teams benefited from recent improvements in single-photon detectors made by the telecommunications industry, the researchers said.
"We are proud that the results observed in field tests have not degraded compared with those observed in laboratory tests," Qi-Chao Sun, a quantum engineer at the University of Science and Technology of China and lead author of the Hefei study, told Live Science. "This means that our system is robust against noises arising from complex environments in the real world."
The Calgary experiment had a faster teleportation rate of about 17 photons per minute (or 1,020 per hour), compared to about two photons per hour for the Hefei experiment. However, the procedures the Calgary researchers carried out to accomplish these teleportation speeds limit its immediate practical applications, Frédéric Grosshans, a quantum information researcher at the University of Paris-Sud in France, said in a review of both teams' studies.
Both research teams also used a variety of methods to keep lasers synchronized with one another. Each group used a different technique, which suggests that elements from both strategies could be combined for even better results, Grosshans wrote in his review.
One future direction will be to extend quantum teleportation networks "to 100-kilometer [60 miles] scales, which will allow intercity quantum teleportation," Sun said. This will involve improving detector efficiency and suppressing sources of interference, Sun added.
NASA PICTURE THAT REVEALS POSSIBLE 'ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE' ON MARS (VIDEO)
NASA PICTURE THAT REVEALS POSSIBLE 'ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE' ON MARS (VIDEO)
Possibly a 'Archaeological Site' spotted in NASA "Global Mars Surveyor Mission" photo.
Mars Global Surveyor was the first successful U.S. mission launched to Mars since the Viking mission in 1976.
MGS arrived at Mars on September 11, 1997, and has contributed a multitude of findings, including signs of past, persistent water such as an ancient delta and currently active water features in the gullies of canyon walls.
It completed its primary mission in January 2001 and was in its third extended mission phase when, on 2 November 2006, the spacecraft failed to respond to messages and commands. A faint signal was detected three days later which indicated that it had gone into safe mode. Attempts to recontact the spacecraft and resolve the problem failed, and NASA officially ended the mission in January 2007.
From all the photos i have seen from Mars Global Surveyor this is probably the most intriguing photo I've seen on Mars, looks like a square fort ruins or an ancient city surrounded by huge walls made by a martian ancient civilization.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
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