[VIDEO] Would NASA be able to prevent extraterrestrial contamination on Earth?

By Guneet Bhatia 

IN SPACE - MAY 25: In this handout illustration provided by NASA/JPL, an artist's conception of the Phoenix Mars Lander on the Red Planet. Phoenix is slated to land on Mars on May 25, 2008. Launched in the summer of 2007 the lander will join the twin Mars rovers, Spirit and Opportunity and will study whether permafrost could have supported primitive life on the planet. (Photo : NASA/JPL via Getty Images)

Alien hunters and UFO enthusiasts get excited by the mere though of finding extraterrestrial life some day. However, there are hundreds of contamination risks associated with such space missions conducted by NASA and other space agencies around the world.

Sending astronauts to Mars or Jupiter in search of alien life sounds fancy. However, considering the variety of organisms with extreme capabilities that Earth harbour, there are huge chances that the astronauts may end up contaminating the environment of the celestial body in question.

According to Daily Galaxy, some form of microbial life from the Earth may be able to multiply and divide quickly in the hospitable environment of the other planets. As a result, the astronauts may notice a "false positive" for extraterrestrial life, which is actually Earth's own life form invading the other planet or moon.

That is, alien life from extraterrestrial world should not be able to reach back on Earth along with the samples collected by the astronauts. There is a huge possibility that alien life may reside themselves in the body of the astronauts returning back on Earth, and hence contaminate Earth's original life form.

The Outer Space Treaty of 1967 signed by different countries involved in space mission is major effort made in the direction of contamination prevention, according to National Geographic. It has a draft of guidelines that each space agency must follow to reduce extraterrestrial contamination, according to the type of mission that it is conducting.

NASA has also developed strong guidelines to make the best use of its existing anti-germ warfare. The components of a mission are assembles carefully in a closed room and thoroughly cleaned with alcohol. The parts are baked to kill all the spores. In addition, special care is taken to land the spacecraft in a location which is far away from the possibly "hospitable" surfaces.

However, it is not the only thing that concerns the research team. Cassie Conley, head of NASA's Office of Planetary Protection, believes that the other way around is also possible. Consley says that it is the responsibility of the American space agency to ensure that backward contamination is not a possibility.

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02-10-2016 om 23:34 geschreven door peter  

02-10-2016 om 23:24 geschreven door peter  

IMPORTANT POINTS TO REMEMBER WHEN HILLARY CLINTON ADDRESSES THE UFO/ET QUESTION AS PRESIDENT

When Daymond Steer of the Conway Sun asked Hillary about her husband’s comments on UFOs, she said, “I think we may have been” visited already, but “we don’t know for sure.” She also told Steer that her campaign chairman, John Podesta (also former councillor to Barack Obama and White House Chief of Staff for the Clinton Administration), has encouraged her to pursue the subject, stating that he “has made me personally pledge we are going to get the information out.”

Podesta has gone on record about this issue multiple times; at the end of his 2014 campaign he tweeted that his biggest regret was not being able to “secure the disclosure of UFO files.”  You can read more about thathere.

He also wrote the forward to Leslie Kean’s 2010 New York Times bestseller, UFOs: Generals, Pilots, & Government Officials Go On The Record:

I’m skeptical about many things, including the notion that government always knows best, and that the people can’t be trusted with the truth. The time to pull the curtain back on this subject is long overdue. We have statements from the most credible sources – those in a position to know – about a fascinating phenomenon, the nature of which is yet to be determined.

The photo to your left has been circulating the internet for years and was just published by the New York Times. Pictured with Hillary is Laurence Rockefeller, who maintained an active interest in UFOs and has supported the work and investigations of various people in the field. (source).

The book Clinton is holding, titled Are We Alone?, was written by Paul Davies, a well-respected American physicist who has held professorships at various universities. Most of his research has related to quantum field theory. The book considers the ramifications of contact with intelligent extraterrestrials.

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02-10-2016 om 22:36 geschreven door peter  

SETI scientist claims: If Aliens did visit us, they’d take control over everything

One thing is sure… if aliens came to Earth, we surely wouldn’t have the upper hand say scientists, who agree that an Alien species with such advanced technology could prove to be difficult to contain.

---

Are we ready for contact?

But are we ready to greet our cosmic neighbors? Not as different nations but as ONE species from planet Earth?

Many people believe that intelligent extraterrestrial beings are out there somewhere, and many firmly state that, the time when we actually meet them, we might be in for a surprise as it might not end up like in the famous movie E.T.

Jill Tarter, astronomer, and co-founder of the SETI Institute said that if aliens visit our planet, they could take control of everything thanks to their clearly superior technology. However, Tarter added that aliens capable of finding Earth may be co-operative…

“If they showed up on our doorstep, that means they have technologies that are considerably advanced with respect to ours.” “And because of that, they’re going to be the ones that set the rules,” Tarter said in an article published by TechCrunch.

However, she adds that an Alien civilizations capable of developing such sophisticated technology, which enables them to overcome the obstacle of vast interstellar distances. Would probably make them more benevolent than hostile, since by then they would have learned to behave peacefully in order to prevent their own annihilation.

This neutral-benevolent attitude of extraterrestrial visitors has already been proposed by scientists in different countries based on thorough analysis of extensive historical and modern documents.

SETI’s project ‘search for extraterrestrial intelligence’, currently continues its search for radio waves and optical signals in the universe that can indicate the presence of other civilizations. In this regard, in an exercise of sincerity, Dr. Tarter admitted: “Perhaps we have not yet invented the correct way to do this.”

Or perhaps we have to continue searching. Talking about Alien life and why we haven’t found it yet, Tarter explained: „if you set the search space equal to the size of the Earth’s oceans, we’ve only examined one glass of water from those oceans for intelligent life. We’ve only looked at one small part of a very large picture.“

Along the same lines, Dr. Nathalie Cabrol, a colleague of Tarter, said in September last year that an alien civilization might be trying to contact us, but humans could be “too primitive to see those signs.”

And as the great Carl Sagan once said… “The universe is a pretty big place. If it’s just us, seems like an awful waste of space.” ― Carl Sagan in Contact

But many other scientists have spoken out about the possible presence of Alien beings in the cosmos and their benevolent or hostile reactions when arriving at Earth.

One of the most famous quotes in modern times in regards to Alien visitations to Earth comes from the Great Professor Stephen Hawking who said that when Aliens arrive at earth, the outcome could be very similar to when Christopher Columbus et foot in the New World.

“If aliens visit us, the outcome would be much as when Columbus landed in America, which didn’t turn out well for the Native Americans.” – Stephen Hawking

An interesting statement was made last year when Astronaut John Grunsfeld spoke out about aliens suggesting that if extraterrestrial beings are out there, they already know we exist.

‘We put atmospheric signatures that guarantee someone with a large telescope 20 light years away could detect us,’ said Grunsfeld at the Astrobiology Science Conference in Chicago.

‘If there is life out there, intelligent life, they’ll know we’re here.’

{ http://www.ancient-code.com/ }

02-10-2016 om 22:16 geschreven door peter  

Alien life on Mars did exist? European Space Agency reveals stunning details

Did alien life once exist here? According to reports, in the distant past ‘huge amounts’ of water passed through this area on Mars. Beginning at a higher elevation region and spilling into the northern plains, scientists say these features can be clearly seen at the lower right and top left of the image, respectively. Image credit: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO

Mawrth Vallis is one of the largest valleys on the red planet and experts claim it may have been HABITABLE up to 3.6 billion years ago.

According to reports, Mawrth Vallis on Mars once had MASSIVE amounts of water passing through the area, during a time when the red planet was eerily similar to Earth.

The European Space Agency has published new images of what many are calling a remarkable discovery of a swirling valley on Mars, which could potentially become one of the main landing sites for ExoMars 2020.

The new photographs of Mars captured by the Mars Express show us a region of over 205,000 square miles where once ancient water carved different shapes on the surface of the planet.

With a staggering 600 km in length and up to 2 km in depth, this valley is one of the most massive valleys on the planet.

Large amounts of water once passed through it from a higher region, part of which appears in the lower right corner of the photograph, flowing towards the plains of the northern parts, which are seen in the upper left corner of the image.

Among the most notorious figures, we find large amounts of phyllosilicates (eroded clay minerals) marked with a brighter color throughout the course of the valley.

But most importantly, Phyllosilicates on Mars tell us that in the distant past, liquid water existed on the planet in great amounts and that Mars may have been a habitable environment some 3,600 million years ago.

According to reports from the European Space Agency, remains of volcanic ash is visible in the form of dark cap rock and may have protected traces of ancient living organisms in the clay.

In order to come up with this fascinating image of Mars, scientists joined nine images taken by the high-resolution camera on board the Mars Express.

It is noteworthy to mention that everything about Mars has changed with recent discoveries. Earlier this year, scientists found that Mars once had more water than the Arctic Ocean and the oceans were present on the surface of Mars for a period of over 1.5 billion years, enough for life as we know it to develop.

The finding discovered that over the past 3.7 billion years, Mars lost around 57 percent of its water.

Sharon Wilson from the Smithsonian Institution in Washington said “We discovered valleys that carried water into lake basins. Several lake basins filled and overflowed, indicating there was a considerable amount of water on the landscape during this time.”

{ http://www.ancient-code.com/ }

02-10-2016 om 22:08 geschreven door peter  

Massive temple discovered on Mars ‘identical’ to an ancient Japanese tomb

According to satellite images from the red planet, there is a massive temple on Mars that is ‘identical’ to an ancient Japanese tomb.

 

There are some truly fascinating things on Mars. A baffling structure located on the surface of Mars eerily resembles a massive temple on Earth, and UFO hunters claim there is a mindboggling connection between the two.

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In the last couple fo years, intriguing theories have been proposed suggesting that in the distant past a catastrophic event or nuclear war destroyed a sophisticated Martian civilization, forcing its survivors to migrate to Earth and restart civilization.

 

Now, UFO hunters have discovered a structure on the red planet whose apparent geometry is eerily similar to a temple located on Earth.

 

The enigmatic structure visible on numerous satellite images of the red planet displays staggering similarities to the ancient Japanese tomb of Kofun.

 

While there are numerous images of alleged structure on Mars that can easily be dismissed as pareidolia, the massive ‘Martian Monument’ has fascinating similarities to the funerary complex in Japan, raising speculations that an ancient civilization did in fact inhabit Mars, perhaps millions of years ago.

 

 

The massive structure on the surface of the red planet is visible on Google Earth (Mars) by entering the following coordinates: 6° 3’57.07″N 92° 4’13.22″E.

 

To see the similarity between the alleged structure on Mars, visit Google Earth and type in the following coordinates: 36° 7’45.64″N 139°28’52.95″E, which will take you to the Japanese tomb.

 

A YouTube user who posted a video online believes the similarities between the two structures can only mean one thing: An ancient civilization once existed on Mars, and we are looking at its remains today.

 

Many UFO researchers agree and claim that the structure identified on Mars probably went through millions of years of erosion, but it’s clearly visible shape is a definitive tell-tale sign that an ancient race most likely inhabited Mars.

 

“The keyhole-shaped mound looks incredibly similar to what we have here in Japan, says a YouTube user during the video. There are many interesting things about this mound that we found on Mars. First of all, it is a massive structure, and it appears in a very isolated, flat empty plain. The sides of the structure have straight edges that run down to a large circular dot formation at its base. Just like the one we have here in Japan.”

 

Interestingly, despite the fact that there are many structures that can be dismissed easily as being natural formations, the two structures exhibit remarkable symmetry.

 

However, at the insistence of some users, NASA has taken the trouble to respond to alleged claims about the artificial structure on Mars.

 

The U.S. space agency explained that the straight edges are the result of fractures or a natural hill forming a solid ground that has undergone changes and erosion for billions of years.

 

Many people disagree with NASA and indicate the similarities cannot go unperceived, and we are looking at the remains of a once mighty Martian civilization that most likely disappeared millions of years ago, after a catastrophic nuclear war took place there, as Dr. Brandenburg suggests.

 

Dr. John Brandenburg believes that an old Martian civilization was wiped from the face of Mars in the distant past.

 

Dr. John Brandenburg has a Ph.D. in Theoretical Plasma Physics from the University of California, and he is currently working as a plasma physicist at Orbital Technologies in Madison Wisconsin.

 

According to Dr. Brandenburg, ancient Martians known as Cydonians and Utopians were massacred in the giant nuclear attack – and evidence of the genocide can still be seen today.

 

According to scientists, there are very large traces of Xenon-129 on Mars and the only process that we know that produces Xenon-129 is a nuclear explosion.

 

http://www.ewao.com/

{ http://7tales.net/ }

02-10-2016 om 17:30 geschreven door peter  

NASA AND RUSSIA RECEIVED THREE DETAILED MESSAGES FROM ALIEN PLANET

02-10-2016 om 17:26 geschreven door peter  

NEW EVIDENCE THAT THE SPHINX PREDATES THE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION

{ http://7tales.net/ }

02-10-2016 om 17:23 geschreven door peter  

Elon Musk reveals his interplanetary masterplan that will take man to Mars in 80 days

Elon Musk, the genius behind Tesla Motors, Solar City and SpaceX has finally revealed his interplanetary master plan that will take man to Mars in 80 days, allowing the human species to become an interplanetary species and colonize the red planet.

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“It’s kind of like Battlestar Galactica.”

 

Speaking at the International Astronautical Congress in Mexico today, Elon Musk revealed what many are calling the most ambitious space plan ever, a sophisticated interplanetary transportation system that could take mankind to the surface of the red planet in just 80 days in order to build a fully sustainable human colony on Mars with a population of around ONE MILLION people.

 

Ever since the foundation of SpaceX, Elon Musk said that the ultimate goal of the company was to develop the necessary technology that would allow mankind to colonize other planets in our solar system and the rest of the universe eventually.

 

More than 14 years after the founding of SpaceX, Musk has revealed details that would allow the human species to settle on another planet, beyond the confines of Earth.

 

Mars, get ready for humans

 

 

The futuristic, sensational and daring announcement was made at the IAC -International Astronautical Congress, held in Guadalajara, Mexico.

 

Elon Musk dreams big, and in order to take man to Mars and colonize the red planet, we need to develop a big rocket. Really Big. Massive.

 

In fact, that rocket would need to be so massive that the Saturn V rocket that took mankind to the moon looks like a toy beside it.

 

To get an idea of the size of the rocket that will eventually get us to Mars, we only have to take a look at the rocket booster that according to Musk would have a staggering diameter of 12m and have 49 engines. The special shuttle which would transport future astronauts would have a diameter of 17 meters. The height of the entire rocket would have a staggering 122 meters. In comparison, the rocket booster of the Saturn V rocket had a diameter of 10 meters.

 

 

A massive transportation system

 

According to initial reports, up to 100 people can travel in each mission although Musk says that SpaceX hopes to increase that number to 200 in order reduce traveling costs: “In a hundred years we will have the necessary manpower to become a sustainable community.” in addition to all of the above, 42 Raptor engines would complete Musk’s fascinating plan.

 

As you can see, it seems that Musk has it all figured out. The man behind SpaceX wants us to go to Mars and wants us to make it possible in this generation. Musk says that we must become a multi-planetary civilization if we do not want to become extinct on Earth. In order to become a “multi-planetary” civilization, the first step is to build a city on Mars, a place that has the right conditions for establishing a colony.

 

• “Someday soon, there will be an extinction event on Earth,” Musk said. So we can either sit around and wait for that to hit. “Or, the alternative is to become a spacefaring species.”

 

 

 

This image illustrates how exactly SpaceX wants to take us to Mars:

 

 

However, one of the problems that we face as a spacefaring civilization is the cost associated with the mission. According to Musk, with conventional technology,  landing a man on Mars would cost about $ 10 billion.

 

• “You can’t create a self-sustaining civilization if the ticket price is $10 billion a person.”
• “If we can get the cost to moving to Mars roughly equivalent to the median house price in the US, which is around $200,000, then the probability of establishing a self-sustaining civilization is pretty high,” he said.
• “We have to figure out how to improve the cost to [traveling to Mars] by 5 million percent,” Musk said. “This is not easy.”

 

 

SpaceX’s Mars rocket would be way bigger — and costlier — than anything built before it.

(SpaceX)

• “The ship goes to Mars, gets replenished, and then returns to Earth,” he says. There would be maybe a thousand ships in orbit at once. “Kind of like Battlestar Galactica,” he says.

So what about fuel on Mars? Well, Musk was actually very clear: to bring materials from Earth would increase the cost per launch, which ultimately makes the price of traveling to Mars over $ 200,000. So what should we do? According to Musk Methane is the answer. Methane is much more suitable than kerosene or hydrogen and could be the ultimate replacement we are looking for.

 

• “Producing propellant on Mars is obviously important,” he explained. “It would be pretty absurd to try to build a city on Mars if your spaceships kept staying on Mars. You would have this massive graveyard of ships.”

But we don’t just want to get to Mars, we want to terraform it

 

Interestingly, Musk also talked about Mars as a planet and how we should look to make it more optimal for humans. What does that mean? It’s simple: TERRAFORMING. WE can actually terraform the red planet by releasing massive amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere which would eventually make the red planet heat up, and bring back more liquid water to the surface of Mars, which in turn would make it more habitable for humans.

• “If we could warm Mars up, we would once again have a thick atmosphere and warm oceans,” he said.

http://www.ewao.com/

{ http://7tales.net/ }

02-10-2016 om 17:18 geschreven door peter  

Asa Mathat

The chair of Hillary Clinton's presidential campaign thinks the U.S. government should open up its files on UFO sightings.

John Podesta, the onetime chief of staff to President Bill Clinton, told Recode's Kara Swisher andVox's Ezra Klein onstage Thursday at the Code Conference that he's an unapologetic champion of efforts to press the government to open up about what is known about UAPs, or "unidentified aerial phenomena."

"There are a lot of unexplained series of events around the world, and politicians in governments tend to think that it's not a career-enhancer to talk about them," Podesta said.

A self-described science fiction fan, Podesta said that after leaving the White House, he became involved with a Freedom of Information Act case to declassify government files on reports on the 1969 crash of an aircraft in Pennsylvania that has never been explained. There are theories, he said, that it may have been a Soviet aircraft, and that there is evidence that the U.S. Air Force conducted an investigation into it. "Most of the files have disappeared," he said.

"Rather than being embarrassed and ashamed about it ... I say let's open it up to the public," he said. "I meet a lot of politicians in Washington who say to me that 'we're with you but we can't say it in public.'"

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02-10-2016 om 17:06 geschreven door peter  

GESCHROKKEN ALIEN RENT NAAR RUIMTESCHIP EN RENT WEG ( VIDEO )

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02-10-2016 om 16:24 geschreven door peter  

West Virginia witness captures triangle UFO on video

A West Virginia witness at Barbour County reported watching and videotaping an object with four lights in a triangle shape, according to Case 79238 from the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON) witness reporting database.

Cropped and enlarged witness photo.

(Credit: MUFON)

The witness was outside at Stonewall Resort with three others at 6:18 a.m. on September 5, 2016, when the incident began.

“We were heading to the top of the hill to get our machinery out for the morning job,” the witness stated.“It was pretty dark out still so we sat there waiting for it to get a bit brighter out so we could see what we were doing.”

Cropped and enlarged still frame from witness video.

(Credit: MUFON)

The witness then noticed the object.

“I happened to look up at the stars like I do sometimes. I noticed a bright light moving in the sky. I pointed it out asking what the heck it was. One of our guys said it’s just an airplane. I disagreed. Airplanes have different lights. At the time it just looked like a solid light moving in a straight direction but shifting side-to-side as well.”

The witness was able to get some low level video of the object.

“I grabbed my phone and zoomed in as close as I could to get a video. My phone goes zoomed up to 4x, but it’s a cheap Android so the quality was bad. I decided to take a photo as well. There was another one some distance away you can see in the photo.”

Cropped and enlarged still frame from witness video.

(Credit: MUFON)

The witness then reviewed the photo and video at home.

I zoomed in on that photo and I was shocked. I showed my girlfriend as well. What was a single light was actually four lights in a triangle shape. The way they are facing doesn’t match the direction it moves.”

Barbour County is a county located in north-central West Virginia. Population 16,589. West Virginia State Director Fred Saluga is investigating. Please remember that most UFO sightings can be explained as something natural or man-made. The above quotes were edited for clarity. Please report UFO activity to MUFON.com.

{ http://www.niburu.nl/categorie/ufo/ }

02-10-2016 om 14:44 geschreven door peter  

Flying Triangle Seen By Dog Walker In UK In Sept 2016, Photos, UFO Sighting News

Date of sighting: Sept 2016
Location of sighting: Wrekin, Shropshire, UK
News source: 

http://www.shropshirestar.com/news/2016/10/01/flying-dorito-ufo-spotted-by-dog-walker-on-the-wrekin-in-shropshire/

This is the newest sighting of the famous Dudly Dorito...a TR3B UFO seen back in the 1980s and seen off and on ever since. The photo shows an even back, which rules out any US made stealth bomber (has uneven, jagged back) or the stealth fighter. Its possible that the US is testing a new aircraft over the UK again...they prefer testing to be outside the US, but flying over populated areas on purpose...would be strange if you are trying to keep it secret. So, this is probably an alien TR3B type craft.
Scott C. Waring-Taiwan

News states: 
The triangle-shaped object is a UFO mystery that has baffled thousands following several sightings in recent years over the Black Country.

A dog walker snapped these pictures while walking on the hill yesterday.

Teacher Darren Edwards used his mobile to capture pictures of the unidentified shape as it passed overhead.

Mr Edwards, from Lawley, said: “I was out walking the dogs at about 7:30am on the Wrekin and had stopped at the top for a rest and to take in the views.

“I look in the direction of Lawley and then over to Ironbridge and I could make out a black shape moving slowly in the sky

“I managed to get my mobile phone out to take a few snaps and there is clearly a defined dark triangle shape.

“It was moving towards me and made no sound but having quickly checked on Google, it didn’t match any military aircraft or UAV drones. It was so slow it almost hanged in the sky. It also seemed to change its shape slightly as it turned.”

Mr Edwards said that after about 60 seconds it lowered in the sky and headed north, and after another 20 seconds faded and was gone.

He added: “It was a really strange looking thing to see and having served in the RAF I know that this was no current operational aircraft or drone.”

The Dorito is a flying object that has been spotted numerous times in the skies over the past decade, especially in the Dudley area. It was given its name because of its triangular shape.

It has appeared in Shropshire before, having been spotted over Welshpool in January 2010.

{ http://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

02-10-2016 om 14:37 geschreven door peter  

Strange white circling lights in the Derbyshire skies last night Sept 2016, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: Sept 27, 2016
Location of sighting: Chesterfield, Derbyshire, England

This info was sent into me by Christian Mace, a French UFO research (click here to view his UFO site). The video shows white lights moving around in the sky. I have actually seen about 50 of these once with my family last year when walking home at midnight. They seem to have no limit to their speed, but if you notice them, they will know it! There is a 60% chance that they will either perform for you with loops, or return to observe you while keeping their distance for 5-10 min. If I hadn't seen such an event with my own family...I never would have believed it really happened. 
Scott C. Waring-Taiwan

Eyewitness states: 
Sorry for the grainy video had the camera on Max ISO as they were faint. Not sure what they are but they're moving in a pattern. #NotAliens :D just lights above Chesterfield, Derbyshire. Anyone shed any light (pardon the pun)

{ http://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

02-10-2016 om 14:27 geschreven door peter  

UFO Causes Family In Devon, England To Get Excited, Sept 2016, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: Sept 2016
Location of sighting: Exmouth, Devon, England

The light seen in the video is too powerful to be a drone, and its shape indicates it is an orb. Orbs are the most common type of UFOs seen during both day and night time. Such glowing orbs have been seen coming out of lakes and oceans, but are common seen around mountain tops and ridges, most recently in Colorado. 
Scott C. Waring

News states:
A mum and daughter have shared this mysterious footage - of what they are convinced is a UFO. Tanya Davis, 43, and Charlee, 15, were baffled when they spotted the bright light in the sky above their house. They claim the unidentified 'vessel' remained overhead for two to three minutes before slowly disappearing out of sight. Pals have suggested that the 'UFO' could in fact be a drone - but Tanya and Charlee, of Exmouth, Devon, don't agree, saying it was "too big" and "silent". In a quest for answers, they even called nearby Exeter Airport to see if they could shed any light on the mystery - but to no avail.

 { http://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

02-10-2016 om 14:22 geschreven door peter  

Humanoid Robots to Flying Cars: 10 Coolest DARPA Projects

By Denise Chow, Staff Writer

INTRO: The way of the future

3. Excalibur

4. Falcon Project

10. Microscale pumps

{ http://www.livescience.com/ }

02-10-2016 om 00:59 geschreven door peter  

The 7 Silliest Time Travel Concepts in Science Fiction

Credit: Robert Kyllo | Shutterstock

INTRO : Silly time travel

Time travel has been a standard of science fiction since H.G. Wells' "The Time Machine" came out in 1895, but fictional people have been hopping through time and space for hundreds of years, from the Hindu sacred text the "Mahabharata" to the 12th-century medieval text De nugis curialium.

But just because people have been thinking about time travel for centuries now doesn't mean all of their accounts make sense. Here are the seven of the worst time travel concepts to be found in modern fiction. These explanations for time travel, given what scientists currently know, are total nonsense.

So science fiction that doesn't even try to explain its time travel, such as "A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court," or that brushes past explanation with non-answers like the infamous "wibbly wobbly timey-wimey" line in "Doctor Who" don't count.

Credit: Paramount Pictures

1. Star Trek

The original "Star Trek" often walked the line between what writers call "hard science fiction" and "soft science fiction" — i.e. the difference between scrupulously researched hypotheses and techno-magic.

But perhaps the classic 1966 TV show's most egregious scientific misstep was in season 1 episode 21, "Tomorrow is Yesterday," when the Enterprise crew first traveled through time by slingshotting around the sun.

That's right, twice in the episode, the Enterprise travels hundreds of years through time by moving at an extremely high speed relative to a celestial body with a strong gravitational pull. That pull supposedly created a "time warp," thus "slingshotting" the ship into the past (in the beginning of the episode) or the future (at the end of the episode).

There is some method to this madness: The writers were clearly inspired by Einstein's theory of relativistic travel, which states that starships traveling at high speeds through space would experience time at a slower rate than on the planets they left behind, thus achieving a form of time travel into the future.

And the initial "slingshot" time travel into the past is achieved using the gravitational pull of a black star. There's a kernel of veracity buried here: Black hole singularities do distort the space-time around them, so theoretically if a ship were to get caught in its gravitational pull and then escape, it would have traveled into the future relative to its onboard timekeeping system.

But time travel into the past is a much different creature than time travel to the future, and if time itself can't escape from a black hole, how could a starship?

What's worse, the "slingshot effect" was a pivotal plot point in "Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home," the movie that effectively marked the end of the original "Star Trek" franchise.

(Editor's Note: this entry was updated to correct the episode in which slingshotting was first used.

2. Escape from the Planet of the Apes

The third in the "Planet of the Apes" series begins with the Earth being destroyed in a massive nuclear explosion. Three apes escape the destruction by restoring a spaceship and flying away from the doomed planet, but they're caught in a shock wave and end up going through a time warp — a catchall for time travel in science fiction — created by the explosion.

What the "Planet of the Apes" crew is talking about sounds more like a wormhole, which is a theoretical tunnel through space-time that could also be used to travel faster than light or, possibly, travel forward or back in time.

According to current understanding, creating a wormhole requires large amounts of a theoretical substance called dark matter. Dark matter has nothing to do with a nuclear explosion. Now, it's true that no one's ever blown up the Earth to see what would happen, so it's impossible to say for sure, but it's pretty safe to say that the titular escape in "Escape from the Planet of the Apes" has no scientific basis, and just amounts to yet another example of Hollywood solving all its plot problems with explosions.

Credit: British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)

3. Dr. Who

This long-running British television show is infamous for playing fast and loose with time travel. But even for a show whose main character travels unrestricted through time and space, the beings known as Weeping Angels are kind of a stretch, albeit terrifyingly cool.

That whole thing about how they kill people by sending them back in time so they "live to death," and then feed off of the "potential energy" of all the things their victims would have done in their original time — that's ridiculous.

First of all, how would the act of sending someone back in time create energy? Take the idea of opening a traversable wormhole through time and space, a theory of time travel that appears to be supported by Einstein's General Relativity. Opening that wormhole would require an enormous amount of energy known as dark energy, or negative energy.

That aside, when a person goes into a traversable wormhole, there's no reason he or she would leave behind potential energy of what would have been. It's poetic, but scientifically speaking it doesn't make much sense, even for "Doctor Who."

Credit: Front Street Pictures

4. TIME and Again

In this sci-fi novel by Jack Finney, main character Simon Morley becomes a test subject in the U.S. military's time travel research, something that's not too far-fetched — the U.S. military was researching some wacky stuff in the 60s and 70s, including whether LSD could give people psychic powers and the chemical weapon known as the "gay bomb" that was supposed to make enemy troops suddenly and aggressively infatuated with each other.

In "Time and Again," the government's testing a hypothesis that if they can convince a person he has traveled through time, then that person will have traveled through that time. To that end, Morley is isolated and surrounded only with things that evoke New York City in 1882.

The experiment is successful: Morley actually travels to 1882 and back several times through the course of the book and even alters the course of history.

Thematically, the use of belief and self-hypnosis as a means of time travel makes for a good story. Scientifically, however, there isn't really much to say about this one except that, barring some extraordinary discovery that fundamentally changes the way we understand the laws of the universe, "Time and Again" has absolutely zero scientific support.

Credit: © Universal Studios

5. Back to the Future

In this classic 80s movie, Doc Brown (Christopher Lloyd) turns a DeLorean car into a time machine by installing a flux capacitor, pumping 1.21 gigawatts of electricity through it, and then speeding the car up to 88 mph (140 km/h).

"Back to the Future" is a bit of a tricky one for this list, because the now iconic "flux capacitor" is the source of time travel, though there is no explanation on how the capacitor works. 

A capacitor is a device that stores electricity by creating an electrical field between two charged but not touching metal plates. "Flux" refers to the flow of something through space and can be used to refer to time. So perhaps the flux capacitor is special because its wishbone shape means it has three metal plates?

Most theories of time travel also require the time machine to be traveling at extremely high velocities (as with the time dilation that occurs at relativistic speeds) or using a warp drive or wormhole to cut through space-time, thus moving from one place to another in an amount of time that seems like the vessel is moving faster than the speed of light.

In that context, why make the DeLorean's time travel cutoff point 88 mph? The writers chose "88," because the number "8" looks like an infinity symbol (∞) turned on its side, suggesting infinitely high speeds. [Now and Then: 10 Mind-Bending Time Travel Stories in Comics]

Credit: Internationale Scarena Filmproduktionsgesellschaft 2, New Line Cinema, Nick Wechsler Productions, Plan B Entertainment

6. The Time Traveler's Wife

In this 2003 romantic novel by Audrey Niffenegger, a woman named Clare must endure not knowing when and where her time-hopping husband Henry is.

Narratively, "The Time Traveler's Wife" is a unique take on time travel as a literary trope, as well as a lovely allegory about the difficulty of maintaining a relationship over time.

But scientifically, the book's time travel is baseless. Henry's time-surfing is ascribed to a genetic disorder called "Chrono-Impairment," which is hardly explored beyond its establishment as the pseudoscientific premise for Clare and Henry's tragic romance.

It's probably safe to say that if and when scientists discover the key to time travel, they won't find it in human DNA.

 

Credit: © 1978 - Warner Bros.

7. Superman: The Movie

You'd be hard-pressed to find a worse example of bogus time travel than the infamous "flying backwards around the Earth" scene in the 1978 "Superman" film starring Christopher Reeve and Margot Kidder.

In the movie, Superman reverses Lois Lane's death by flying counter-clockwise around the Earth so fast that he reverses the earth's spin and therefore rewinds time. [Superman's 10 Strangest Powers]

This is insane for several reasons, the most significant being Earth's spin has nothing to do with the passage of time.

But let's say Superman were capable of influencing the Earth's spin, which moves at a speed of over 1,000 mph (1,600 km/h) at the equator. If the Earth were suddenly to stop spinning, let alone spin in the reverse direction, all objects on the surface would suddenly jolt forward.

In the movie, Lois was in California when Superman spun the Earth backward, not at the equator, so she'd be thrown forward at a rate of less than 1,000 mph — maybe only 500 or 600 mph. That'd still be enough to kill her all over again before Superman could get to her.

02-10-2016 om 00:33 geschreven door peter  

SIDNEY STEVENS

Human brains are pattern-finding machines, but they don’t always get it right. (Photo: Ben Husmann/flickr)

Suppose your friend tells you about a recent UFO sighting in your area. That night you notice an unusual slow-moving light in the sky. Ordinarily, you’d dismiss it as a human aircraft, but tonight you wonder if it’s extraterrestrial. A week later you discover an odd, circular patch of dead grass in your yard — shaped something like a “flying saucer.” The next night you swear you hear strange humming noises outside and soft “alien-like” footsteps below your bedroom window. More and more, these events seem linked to UFOs.

Experts call this apophenia, and, simply put, it’s the human tendency to make connections or see patterns where none exist.

Why does this happen?

Humans are wired to spot patterns in our environment. Our ancestors used this skill to glean information about the seasons, animal migrations, weather phenomena and the location of natural resources that helped them survive.

Unfortunately, our pattern-recognition machinery sometimes turns up connections that aren’t there. From an evolutionary perspective it makes sense that we’d occasionally get it wrong. After all, it’s better that our minds continually detect clues (even random or unrelated clues) than fail to see them altogether. Not recognizing where predators typically hide, for example, can get you eaten. So periodic “false positives” are the price we pay for security, an unfortunate but necessary by-product of our need to survive and find meaning in a chaotic world.

Connecting the dots about where dangerous predators hide and learning to spot them helped our ancestors survive. (Photo:Jonathan P/flickr)

Examples of apophenia

Our brain’s ability to discern meaningful patterns has continued to be an important survival skill in the modern world. And thankfully, most of our false positives are relatively harmless. For example, there’s a type of apophenia called pareidolia, which is when you spy a lamb in the clouds or an old man in the moon or the face of Jesus on a piece of toast.

Of course, glimpsing nonexistent patterns can also lead you down a dark path. One example is latching onto supernatural or magical explanations for phenomena that don’t seem explainable via science, terrifying yourself and others.

Then there’s the gambler’s fallacy — the belief that if something happens a lot then things will soon balance out so it happens less. Or vice versa. Take a coin toss. If you get five heads in a row, you may believe you’re more likely to get tails next time. But your chance of getting heads (using a fair coin) is exactly the same each time — 50/50.

Or how about the “hot hand fallacy,” the tendency to believe that previous success means you’re on a roll? This type of cognitive misfire is especially dangerous if you believe your good luck at the roulette wheel or picking stocks means you can’t lose in the future.

In science, apophenia may cause researchers seeking a big discovery to glom onto evidence of order that doesn't exist or to ignore findings that don’t support their hypothesis. According to one study, 24-40 percent of published research on strategic management might not reach the same conclusions if repeated. The peril lies in trumpeting results that aren’t true — for instance, that a new drug eradicates cancer or that vaccines cause autism. The result may be that you choose to undergo an ineffective treatment instead of opting for something proven or shun preventive therapies that could save lives later on.

A related tendency is noticing selective facts and concocting an entire belief system. For example, someone may think a three-week cold spell means global warming isn’t real, or begin trafficking in conspiracy theories, which can range from the fairly benign claim that Elvis faked his own death to delusional Holocaust denial.

Pareidolia is a type of apophenia that causes us to see faces in rocks, shapes in the clouds and George Washington’s image on a grilled cheese sandwich. (Photo: Joshua Tree National Park/flickr)

What science says about apophenia

Psychological research suggests that people suffering from schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are more likely to see patterns in random designs and find significance in coincidence.

Other research indicates that apophenia may also be related to over-activation of the brain’s right hemisphere (the seat of creativity and artistic senses), and may be more common in people with higher dopamine levels, a brain chemical that stimulates you to seek out pleasurable activities, improves memory, boosts motivation and helps you focus.

Is apophenia ever good?

Uncovering patterns that others don’t see may be more common in those suffering from mental illness, but it doesn’t always stoke dangerous delusional thinking. This brain “glitch” might also be the fuel behind creativity, imagination and visionary flights of fancy. Think of a poet’s whimsical metaphors or artistic symbolism in a painting. Or how about epiphanies, which bring sudden intuitive insights about the world’s interconnectedness? As many have long believed, mental illness and creativity really do seem to share a common brain pathway.

Do the patterns that creative types and dreamers see really exist? Maybe only for them, at least initially, but when shared with others, they often provide new perceptions, usher in scientific discoveries and bring greater wisdom. Apophenia only treads on precarious ground when we pick and choose the patterns we notice and fail to connect all the dots, or act out destructively based on our perceptions.

How to avoid self-deception

You’re more likely to “stumble upon” counterproductive non-existent patterns when you wish something were true or it serves a narrative you want to tell — like you’re on a lucky streak or your favorite celebrity didn’t die or the research theory you staked your career on isn’t wrong. Connecting all the dots requires keeping an open mind, looking at something from all sides and being willing to accept new information or evidence as it comes along. A little skeptical scrutiny and broad-mindedness goes a long way in keeping apophenia out of the danger zone.

Related on MNN:

Discover the inner cosmos of your brain

Why memory isn’t reality (and how to use that to your advantage)

What is face blindness?

Related topics: 

Health & Well Being, Mental Health

{ http://www.mnn.com/  }

02-10-2016 om 00:00 geschreven door peter  

Dream Chaser Space Plane to Fly United Nations Mission in 2021

A private space plane is set to fly the United Nations' first-ever space mission five years from now.

Sierra Nevada Corporation (SNC) and the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) are teaming up to launch a two-week robotic mission to low-Earth orbit in 2021 using the company's Dream Chaser spacecraft, representatives of both organizations announced Tuesday (Sept. 27).

"One of UNOOSA's core responsibilities is to promote international cooperation in the peaceful use of outer space," UNOOSA Director Simonetta Di Pippo said in a statement.

"I am proud to say that one of the ways UNOOSA will achieve this, in cooperation with our partner SNC, is by dedicating an entire microgravity mission to United Nations member states, many of which do not have the infrastructure or financial backing to have a stand-alone space program," she added.

The 2021 mission is targeted primarily at developing nations, but any U.N. member states can apply to put a payload on board. Nations whose experiments are chosen will be asked to foot part of the mission's total bill, though poorer countries will likely receive a price break, Sierra Nevada representatives said. UNOOSA and Sierra Nevada are also looking for sponsors to help fund the mission.

Over the next year, the two organizations will hash out details of the mission, which "will provide United Nations member states with the ability to access space in a cost-effective and collaborative manner within a few short years," Di Pippo said. "The possibilities are endless."

The 30-foot-long (9 meters) Dream Chaser looks like a much smaller version of NASA's now-retired space shuttle orbiter. Like the space shuttle, Dream Chaser launches vertically, lands horizontally on a runway and is reusable.

Dream Chaser can carry up to seven passengers, but it's also a cargo-hauling craft; indeed, NASA recently selected the uncrewed version of Dream Chaser to provide resupply and trash-disposal services to the International Space Station.

Follow Mike Wall on Twitter @michaeldwall and Google+. Follow us@Spacedotcom, Facebook or Google+. Originally published on Space.com.

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{ http://www.space.com/ }

01-10-2016 om 23:52 geschreven door peter  

Most remarkable UFO sightings in September 2016

1st September 2016; Falcon 9 Space X rocket explosion – Florida, United States

3rd September 2016; strange UFO activity – Henderson, Nevada

5th September 2016; unknown lights in formation – Wycombe, UK

7th September 2016; orange orb – Marysville in California

16t September 2016; flying disc filmed by police – Bristol Channel, UK

19th September 2016; UFO fleet – Louisville, Kentucky

25th September 2016; strange object flshing – Las Vegas, Nevada

27th September 2016; unknown lights in the sky – Lake Michigan, Illinois

{ http://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

01-10-2016 om 22:12 geschreven door peter