Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS NEARLY 13 YEARS AND 4 MONTH.
ON /30/09/2024 MORE THAN 2.230.520
VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
29-11-2016
Is There a UFO Cover-up? A Government Insider Speaks Out
Is There a UFO Cover-up? A Government Insider Speaks Out
About six months ago, ourboard at UFODATAwas privileged to welcomeChristopher Mellon as the newest member of our team. Chris spent nearly 20 years in the federal government serving in various national security positions. For the first time, he has agreed to speak publicly about his experiences within government as they relate to UFOs.
Photo courtesy Chris Mellon
It is unusual for a man of Chris’s stature to speak openly about UFOs, which gives his statements great weight. His positions during the Clinton and Bush administrations involved high clearances; in fact, there are few people who have enjoyed such deep and wide-ranging access to compartmented programs in both the Defense Department (DoD) and the intelligence community. Chris is the recipient of numerous awards, including the National Reconnaissance Office Gold Medal and the Defense Intelligence Agency Director’s Medal.
At DoD, Chris served on a small committee that provided oversight of all DoD special access programs, in order to eliminate potential waste and duplication. The oversight included visits to Area 51 and other sensitive facilities. He also spent over a decade on the Senate Intelligence Committee, involved in oversight of NRO, CIA, NSA and other intelligence organizations. He became the first Congressional official to review all of the NSA’s compartmented programs.
I wanted to know what Chris had to say about Hillary Clinton’s implications that the government may be withholding classified UFO documents. Backed by John Podesta, chairman of her campaign, Clinton has been speaking about the need to “get to the bottom of the UFO mystery.” Her comments are unprecedented within a presidential campaign.
Here is my recent conversation with Chris Mellon, mainly conducted via email, edited only for clarity.
Q: When did you first become interested in UFOs?
A: I was about seven years old when I saw an old-fashioned amateur movie taken by a friend of our school principal. It showed a huge, golden disc-shaped object serenely moving through sunny, blue skies, passing through cumulous clouds in a manner that would be very hard to fake. I have no idea what became of the movie, but it filled me with wonder and awe. I read everything I could get my hands on afterwards and eventually did a research project on UFOs in college for a physics professor. I remain deeply intrigued.
Q: Did your colleagues in government know you were interested in UFOs? Were you afraid of being ridiculed?
A: It was something I didn’t reveal to colleagues unless I got to know them well and we became personal friends. Even then of course I wasn’t a nut about it and I certainly was not obsessed; it was simply a subject of great curiosity. It did not come up often. I was focused like a laser on my duties 99.9 percent of the time.
Q: Hillary Clinton has been asked about UFOs during her campaign. As the former Secretary of State, would she be likely to know if there were any classified government programs involving UFOs?
A: No, I don’t think so. I recall instances when White House officials sought briefings on highly compartmented DoD programs and were flatly refused. Access to such programs is on a need to know basis. In general, nobody outside DoD, including the Secretary of State, is deemed to have a need to know. Officials like John Podesta and Secretary Clinton can easily serve for years in senior positions and be avid consumers of classified intelligence analysis but never obtain access to DoD’s compartmented programs, which mostly relate to new weapons systems. Information about such programs rarely leaks because it doesn’t circulate, unlike the constant stream of leaked information regarding classified intelligence activities.
Chris (right) with former Secretary of Defense Bill Cohen in 1995. Note the inscription: “The Other Man who kept all the secrets.” Chris drafted the bill for Cohen that established the US Special Operations Command.
Q: Do you think that if Clinton is elected we can expect to learn new information about UFOs?
A: I highly doubt DoD or any other government agency is concealing UFO information. I participated in a comprehensive review of DoD’s black programs and spent over a decade conducting oversight of the national foreign intelligence program, an almost totally separate world of secrets. I visited Area 51 and other military, intelligence and research facilities. During all those years, I never detected the faintest hint of government interest or involvement in UFOs.
Q: Clinton and John Podesta have been focusing on the need for de-classifying government documents. What do you think about that?
A: While a few new, previously overlooked documents might turn up (the bureaucracy is never perfect), I do not believe they would resolve the UFO issue or provide significant new insights. I can think of one lengthy UFO report that is classified only due to concerns over sources and methods. In fact, it identified a convincing conventional explanation for the pilot sightings in this particular case. There are lots of classified documents related to activities at Area 51, where high security is needed. But this is all legitimate stuff the American people would support. They have nothing to do with UFOs, to the best of my knowledge.
Q: Do you recall any incidents involving UFOs while you were in government?
A: Yes, there were a handful of incidents. Knowing of my interest in UFOs, a breathless naval aviator called me one day to report that he was present minutes earlier when a Navy jet landed after being circled by a UFO in broad daylight. The Navy did not pursue the issue as far as I could tell. I also recall the Maui Optical Tracking Facility, which tracks satellites, recording a flight of four or five fiery UFOs traversing the night sky. Nobody knew what to make of it. But no government official expressed the slightest interest even after the tape was featured on ABC’s Nightline. I found the utter lack of scientific curiosity due to political correctness highly frustrating.
Q: How do you think the press and public will react if Clinton is elected, makes the inquiries she promised, but comes up empty-handed?
A: I think the conspiracy theorists will be angry and unconvinced, while the general public may conclude UFOs are not a worthwhile topic. If Clinton really wants to get to the bottom of the UFO issue, I think she should officially task NORAD with collection and analysis responsibility. Simultaneously, she should assign the Office of Science and Technology Policy the job of reviewing available evidence, coordinating with other countries and providing scientific assessments and recommendations.
Q: The taboo against taking UFOs seriously is a huge problem. How can we get more government officials to change this ingrained attitude?
A: I think we have to ask ourselves a key question, and then bring it forward. “Are there UFO cases that are sufficiently well-documented to warrant a scientific investigation of the phenomenon?” In my view, the answer is yes.
The patterns in the data are too strong; the reports from credible witnesses separated widely by time and place too similar; the evidence from videos and trained military and law enforcement observers too extensive; and the independent radar data in select cases correlates too highly with visual observations to safely ignore. Finally, when someone you trust and respect, like a naval aviator, looks you in the eye and tells you he saw something truly extraordinary at close range, it’s hard not to take his testimony seriously. It is arrogant, unreasonable and unwise to dismiss such reports. We should simply and impartially follow the trail wherever it leads.
Q: Which credible UFO incidents have you found particularly impressive and convincing?
A: A few stand out in my mind. In November 1989, 13 police officers and hundreds of other witnesses saw two silent triangular craft gliding over Belgium. This was the beginning of a wave of sightings there lasting well over a year. Ground and air radar data were acquired as well. The Belgian Air Force investigated the events in cooperation with a team of scientists and consulted with the U.S. and NATO countries, but could not find a conventional explanation.
An artist’s rendition of the Belgium UFO that made repeated visits in 1989-90
Colonel Wilfried De Brouwer, who later became a general, presents anomalous radar readings at a 1990 press conference during the Belgian wave
On the night of March 30, 1993, over a hundred witnesses in England, including police officers and military personnel, saw a triangular-shaped craft able to rapidly accelerate in seconds from a hovering position. The British Ministry of Defense stated that “none of the usual explanations put forward to explain UFO sightings seem applicable” and concluded that the evidence showed that “an unidentified object (or objects) of unknown origin was operating over the UK.”
Similarly, multiple police officers in Southern Illinois saw an object in January 2000 that looked and behaved very similarly to the Belgian and British UFOs. In fact, the Illinois police officers’ drawings of the craft are uncannily similar to the depictions of triangular craft produced by Belgian law enforcement officers a decade earlier, as well as many others since.
A Belgian Air Force weather forecaster drew his sighting in 1990
In 2006, pilots and airport personnel witnessed a disc-shaped object hovering over O’Hare airport for over five minutes, yet no government investigation was undertaken.
And, while most sightings have conventional explanations, I think it is stunning how many reports come in regularly to groups like MUFON, with impressive detail, including photos or videos. I often hear from skeptics, “If UFOs are out there how come nobody ever gets a video with all the smartphones around?” That is ignorant, it happens all the time!
Q: Some people believe the more recent sightings in cases such as those you mentioned may simply be US government tests of experimental aircraft. Is that possible?
A: I can understand why this may seem the most plausible explanation. But I can assure you, those objects did not belong to US Department of Defense. Just before the 9/11 terrorist attacks, I was contacted by the DoD Office of Congressional Affairs. They were in a tizzy because Robert Byrd, the powerful Chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee, was challenging them over reports appearing in magazines such as Aviation Week and Space Technology describing an alleged super-secret US aircraft program dubbed “Aurora.”
Senator Byrd would use his budget power to punish the department severely if we lied to him or withheld information. We pursued all possible options, double-checking with the appropriate officials while reminding them of the imperative of providing an accurate response. We quickly confirmed what we already knew - that while there are always things on the drawing board, there was nothing remotely resembling such aircraft being operated by the department. We had nothing with the capacity to hover and then silently accelerate at massive speeds.
Also, it is totally uncharacteristic of the US military to conduct experimental tests of new vehicles over populated areas where security would be compromised and innocent civilians placed in harms way. That’s completely contrary to military DNA. Alien visitation is actually easier to believe than that level of stupidity being exhibited by the brilliant people developing new aircraft technologies for DoD.
Q: Are you certain there is no government cover-up?
A: It’s impossible to prove the negative, so all I can say is that I never saw any evidence of official interest in UFOs. I’d love to believe we have a crashed saucer somewhere, but I’ve never seen anything remotely supportive of such incredible claims. In my experience, on those rare occasions when UFO incidents involving the government occur, they are highly inconvenient, awkward and embarrassing for the afflicted government officials who want nothing more than to put the issue behind them as quickly as possible! The military seems generally unwilling to investigate even when UFO reports come from our own military pilots or officials in high office such as Fife Symington, the former governor of Arizona. Senior officials are so fearful of being ridiculed that they conceal any expression of interest or curiosity.
Q: Some inside sources have proposed that retrieved hardware from a UFO may exist within a private aerospace company which has become independent from the DoD. In this way, it would be exempt from government oversight and known only to a few people. Do you think this is possible?
A: I find it hard to imagine something as explosive as recovered alien technology remaining under wraps for decades. So while I have no reason to believe there is any recovered alien technology, I will say this: If it were me, and I were trying to bury it deep, I’d take it outside government oversight entirely and place it in a compartment as a new entity within an existing defense company and manage it as what we call an “IRAD” or “Independent Research and Development Activity.”
Q: So where does this all leave us, and what is to be done?
A: In my view, calling for the end to an alleged government UFO cover-up is almost certainly a dead end, and does not help inspire anyone in government to become more open to the topic. The UFO mystery is a scientific problem. A true scientist seeks and follows the data no matter how politically incorrect the facts may be. The greatest scientific breakthroughs occur when we verify information that challenges conventional wisdom. That’s why I joined the board of UFODATA.
Q: I’m so glad you did. What kinds of new data are you hoping we will collect?
A: Our team of scientists and engineers are designing and will build a large network of automated surveillance stations with sophisticated sensors to capture a wide range of data. The stations will house cameras to record both an image and spectra, a magnetometer, instrumentation to detect radiation, a gravimeter, and more. They will be mobile so that we can readily deploy them to areas that become hotspots of UFO activity. We can then make the data available to the scientific community for analysis.
Q: Do you think UFOs could be visitors from civilizations elsewhere?
A: I’m certainly intrigued by the possibility. But I don’t think we will find out without a deeper scientific inquiry. I would like to invite the public to participate and support this lean but potentially groundbreaking effort, staffed by volunteers. UFODATA’s findings, one way or another, can help us to resolve this perennial mystery and perhaps even help us to better understand the universe and mankind’s place within it.
Pope Francishas said that he would be willing to baptize aliens if they came to the Vatican, asking “who are we to close doors to anyone, even Martians”. Well, according to present and past experts on the ET issue, they may be appearing to us sooner than we anticipated.
According to multiple sources within the Vatican, Pope Francis wants to avoid the long-term embarrassment that the church experienced during the time of Galileo when it was clearly revealed that the Earth was not the center of the Universe. Reportedly the Pope wants to position the Jesuit Order to incorporate a new reality which consists of the acceptance of accepting a new reality of alien existence which are telepathic and this will form the basis between humans and advanced aliens. I believe that this is what the Bible refers to as the Great Deception.
The United Nations is announcing that Pope Francis will address the annual U.N. General Assembly of world leaders on Sept. 25 during his first papal visit to the United States.The pope earlier agreed to address a joint meeting of Congress on his visit. The upcoming September 24 speech will mark the first time that a Pope will address the United States Congress.
Many speculate that this is where the Pope will make his move to announce his “one religion initiative” and further elaborate on his belief that mankind is about to be contacted by telepathic aliens (his words, not mine). In an interview with Famiglia Cristiana, the Pope stated that he wanted to found an international body of religions under one central authority, “An United Nations of religion“.
Operation Blue Beam
For decades, NASA has developed space based weapons systems designed to penetrate every aspect of our lives and this plan is labeled as Operation Blue Beam.
The Blue Beam Project has four different steps in order to implement a new age religion, along with the roll out of a fake Antichrist at its head. Oh, I believe that we will see an Anti-Christ, but this will not be it. We must remember that the new age religion is the very foundation for the new world government, without which religion the dictatorship of the New World Order is completely impossible.
Phase 1 The first step in the NASA Blue Beam Project concerns the breakdown of all archaeological knowledge. We will see more and more fake discoveries of previous alien contact, where these new discoveries will finally explain to all people the error of all fundamental religious doctrines.
This new false doctrine will be used to make all nations believe that their religious doctrines have been misguided for centuries. Psychological preparations for that first step have already been implemented with such things as the Star Trek TV series, the 2001 A Space Odyssey film , X Files, Falling Skies, the TV series V, and movies such as Independence Day, and District 9. All of this constitutes the psychological conditioning designed to promote a paradigm shift designed to get the public to accept an “alien” existence.
Phase 2 The second part of this deception is creating 3D holograms, sound and laser projections which will give way to several holographic images. As Steve Quayle and I discussed in our most recent interview, the HAARP type of technology now exists where entire battlefields can be projected and nobody would be the widers because, under these circumstances, nobody could distinguish fact from fiction.
Phase 3
Nearly a generation ago, Nick Begich demonstrated to the European Parliament how Project HAARP could produce fake voices inside the heads of the members of Parliament in what is known as Voice to Skull technology.
Using ELF waves, HAARP can be directly projected into the brain, causing the brain to receive messages, words, and instructions HAARP can provide a way to wipe out communications over a large area, while keeping the military’s own communications systems working. HAARP can also be used for mind control.
Phase 4
Phase 4 culminates with mankind’s shared belief from the Great Deception, than an alien invasion is either under way, or is imminent and the only means of salvation is for a God-like figure, a holographic (i.e. a one-world religion God) will step in and “save” humanity. This will mark the beginning of a one-world government and a single Pagan religion like the one being called for the present Pope.
In this final phase of the plan, it will be made clear to the people that an alien invasion is imminent and the consolidation of government, religion, military and economic institutions will be “needed” for mankindto survive
Operation Blue Beam has some basis of support from prominent elites.
Dr. Carol Rosin and Wernher Von Braun
Dr. Rosin recounts her four year association with Von Braun, and is she is quick to point out that he predicted that mankind would have a series of “boogey men” designed to manipulate mankind on the way to a New World Order.
First, Von Braun said we would fear the Russians followed by terrorists and then we would fear asteroids and then, finally, mankind would be manipulated into believing that the earth was going to be attacked by aliens. The end game from this reign of terror would be planetary unification.
Hillary Clinton and the UFO Question
Hillary Clinton was viewed at the Rockefeller Ranch holding a book by Paul Davies regarding the implications of extraterrestrial life.
Interestingly, Vince Foster, friend and advisor to President Clinton, was tasked with two missions upon Bill Clinton’s election. First, find out who killed JFK. Secondly, find out the truth behind the alien question. Foster, as all will recall, committed “suicide” under some very mysterious circumstances.
Reagan’s Alien Speech to the United Nations
In 1987, Ronald Reagan addressed the United Nations and asked what would happen to the differences in and among the nations of the earth if we were attacked by a hostile alien force. This is that speech.
Conclusion
There is enough evidence here to make most reasonable people sit up and take notice. Blue Beam is a fall back doomsday plan which will be implemented when all else fails. Is the NWO desperate enough to engage in such a plot? I think it is likely that this plan will be implemented so long as other plans of unification (i.e. World War III) fail to materialize. And when and if this plan materializes, don’t believe a single word of it, no matter how real ET seems to be. Why not? Because this event fits under the Biblical category of “Rumors of War”. And when we are faced with this Great Deception, fall to your knees and collectively pray for God’s intervention and direction in your lives.
Most people who use social media have figured out that Facebook and Google are in cahoots with the government, for those who are well aware of the issues it’s high time you switched over toSeen.life. It is a website that is similar to Facebook but without all the censorship.
While looking over some SOHO images I decided to enlarge some of the UFOs in the photo. Now please know, the UFOs in each photo are different because the sun is rotating, and there are a lot of moon size and earth size UFOs around our sun. Back about 10 years ago, two Russian scientists announced that they have found hundreds of UFOs orbiting Earths sun at any given moment in time. That these UFOs can increase and decrease speeds for no reason, and that they can make sudden right turns at speeds that should be impossible, especially for a moon size UFO. Now, are these unmanned giant drones sent to get energy for planets far away? I would say yes, but they don't have to be unmanned if their technology can protect them from the incredible heat. Scott C. Waring-Taiwan
Citizens in Turkey Sunday night were shaken awake and frightened by blasts that went off, and UFOs in the sky. Denver and Texas had reports of similar lights, as well.
Hashtag #ufoattacktoturkey began on Twitter and spread rapidly. Some say that the tweets were being blocked on Twitter from public view. The hashtag was hard to find and photos posted were missing. Some think it’s a government coverup. Some call it government projects or misinterpreted lights or hoax.
This is the kind of event that will take time to sort through as more and more people share photos and videos.
I will continue to follow this unusual event on here, should new information be released.
Most people who use social media have figured out that Facebook and Google are in cahoots with the government, for those who are well aware of the issues it’s high time you switched over to Seen.life. It is a website that is similar to Facebook but without all the censorship.
Cases of mind influencing matter have been reported throughout history and across many cultures, more specifically in regard to ‘supernormal’ abilities which include telepathy, psychokinesis, and other phenomena that lie within the realms of parapsychology. This is evident in ancient literature, from the Vedic texts and the yoga sutras, to Jesus, Moses, Milarepa, Mohammed and more.
Modern day evidence is suggesting that these abilities are much more than folklore.
Fast forward to today and scientists have been exploring the mind/matter relationship for more than a century. We have established that consciousness, or factors associated with consciousness, do in fact have observable effects on what we call the physical, material world, albeit very small effects.
It’s important to note that these effects aren’t always seen by the observable eye, but they are known at the quantum level.
The most commonly used experiment to illustrate the connection between consciousness and our physical reality is the quantum double slit experiment, which shows that observation “not only disturbs what has to be measured, they produce it.” (source)
At the end of the day, our pioneering physicists, as Max Planck (he originated quantum theory) said, regard consciousness as “fundamental” and matter as “derivative from consciousness.”
Eugene Wigner, a physicist and mathematician sat that “it was not possible to formulate the laws of quantum mechanics in a fully consistent way without reference to consciousness.” (source)
You can read more about that topic in a little more detail here.
The CIA Document
The document is titled “Chronology of Recent Interest in Exceptional Functions of The Human Body in the People’s Republic of China.” In the document, it outlines the Chinese governments’ interest in parapsychology (remote viewing, telepathy, psychokinesis, etc). The US government also openly had, and probably still does, an interest in parapsychology which is most evident within their Stargateprogram.
That program lasted more than two decades before the public became aware of it.
This particular document, which was declassified through a Freedom of Information Act request (FOIA), outlines specific people with very special abilities and how they’ve been studied by thousands of scientists and governments around the world for a very long time.
The document is on the CIA website, but only seems to be accessible from the Internet Archives, a San Francisco–based nonprofit digital library with the stated mission of “universal access to all knowledge.”
In 1979, a major Chinese science journal, Ziran Zachi (Nature Journal), carried a report on “non-visual pattern recognition” in which numerous accounts of exceptional human body function were confirmed. As a result, an unofficial preliminary organization to study this type of thing under the watch of Nature Journal
In 1980, the Journal and the Chinese Human Body Science Association held a parapsychology (remote viewing, telepathy, psychokinesis, clairvoyance and more) conference in Shanghai with participants from over 20 research institutes and universities
In 1981, over 100 centres to study children with purported exceptional abilities and mental capabilities were formed with the cooperation of more than 100 formally trained scholars
In 1982, the Chinese Academy of Sciences sponsored a public hearing in Beijing that more than 4000 scholars attended regarding cases of parapsychological abilities within humans. They called for “fair but strictly controlled” tests to lead to a final judgement
The document outlines how many of these scholars agreed that the scientific evidence for the ‘paranormal’ was not sufficient enough to make any conclusions. The next point is arguably the most important one disclosed in the document.
In April of 1982, a joint trial was arranged by the Party’s National Committee of Science at Beijing Teacher’s College. Proponents of both sides attended. The results were mostly negative, with the exception of a few, one of them being Zhang Baosheng
After this happened, two Chinese scientists, Chen Hsin and Mei Lei, gave a speech on it at the joint convention of the Parapsychological Association and the Society for Psychical Research held at Cambridge University.
Shortly after that in 1983, “a series of PK experiments with the subject Zhang Baosheng were conducted by 19 researchers led by Prof. Lin Shuhang of the physics department of Beijing Teachers college.”
He was able to do some special things, which is elaborated on later in the the article.
After this become known, as written in the document, “in 1984, Zhang Baosheng became a full-time subject of the military-run psi research team.”
What Was Zhang Baosheng Able To Do?
One of Zhang’s accomplishments involved moving sealed objects in and out of sealed containers.
Lin Shuhuang, as mentioned above who is from the physics department of Beijing Teacher’s College, studied this man for six months and described experiments where small pieces of paper were placed in a sealed test tube.
After five minutes, with scientists observing and video taping from various angles, the pieces of paper somehow appeared outside the tube despite the fact that the test tube was still sealed and undamaged.
He went on to do the same thing with other small objects like paper clips and even live insects.
In 1987, the researchers at the Institute of Space-Medico Engineering, also mentioned in the CIA document earlier in the article, made public a fraction of their work in the form of a film showcasing their work and what they had accomplished.
The film showed a medicine pill moving through an irreversibly sealed glass vial, which occurred in three frames of a 400 frame per second film. (source)
A wooden cabinet 120 by 180 by 60 centimeters was used as a sealed container. Sheets of papers and boards with one of a kind markings were used as the target objects and placed inside the cabinet on the upper shelf. Without damaging the cabinet or opening the door, the person with ESP was able to remove the target objets and also was able to put them back inside. This demonstrates that even when using especially large container it is possible to completely break through spacial barriers, however, the success rate was much lower and was exceptionally difficult.(Source)(source)
Apparently, Zhang Wasn’t the Only One
According to Eric Davis, Ph.D, FBIS, from a declassified US Air Force document obtained via the Federation of American Scientists, Shuhuang reported that ‘gifted children’ were responsible for the teleportation of small, physical objects from one place to another. Some of these objects included watches, horseflies, other insects, radio micro-transmitters, photosensitive paper and more. The participants never touched the objects beforehand. The experiments were done under both blind and double-blind conditions and the researches involved came from various colleges and sectors of the Department of Defense. This is an exceptional case because it was deemed necessary that an unclassified Intelligence Information Report be prepared for public viewing. (source)
According to Dr. Dean Radin, Chief Scientists at the Institute of Noetic Sciences conducted an experiment involving mental teleportation of bits of paper out of a sealed plastic film container. This was documented in a report published in 2010 by retired research chemist Dong Shen. What’s even more fascinating is that these methods were taught to others and the success rate was 40 percent.
This information comes via one of his books, Supernormal.
Dean Radin, the Chief Scientist at the Institute of Noetic Sciences, states:
“Evaluating the details and credibility of these studies have been difficult because many of the papers appear only in Chinese. The techniques have not yet been reported outside of China, and the experimental methods employed in conducting such tests do not appear to be as rigorously controlled as compared to typical Western methods…”
According to Eric Davis, however,
“The results of the Chinese Teleportation experiments can simply be explained as a human consciousness phenomenon that somehow acts to move or rotate test specimens through a 4th spacial dimension, so that specimens are able to penetrate the solid walls/barriers of their containers without physically breaching them.”
Another great example comes from a study published in the American Journal of Chinese Medicine, as seen in the the US National Library of Medicine. The stuy demonstrated that a woman with special abilities was and is still able to accelerate the germination of specific seeds for the purposes of developing a more robust seed stock. As the study states:
Chulin Sun is a woman with exceptional powers (Shen and Sun, 1996, 1998; Sun, 1998). A member of the Chinese Somatic Science Research Institute, she is a practitioner of Waiqi. Waiqi is a type of qigong that teaches the practitioner to bring the qi energy of traditional Chinese medicine under the control of the mind. Chulin Sun can induce plant seeds to grow shoots and roots several cm long within 20 min using mentally projected qi energy (Fig. 1). This has been demonstrated on more than 180 different occasions at universities as well as science and research institutions in China (including Taiwan and Hong Kong) as well as other countries (e.g., Japan, Thailand, Malaysia, etc.) (Ge et al., 1998; Qin et al., 1998; Lee et al., 1999). We took part in and repeated the qi germination experiments seven times, and five of them succeeded (Ge et al., 1998). This remarkable effect on seed development has drawn widespread attention (Tompkins and Bird, 1973; Lee, 1998), but the biological mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon are unknown.(source)
Pretty remarkable isn’t it? How does Sun do it? Apparently, she enters into a deep, trance-like state and from this place, she is able to advance the time required for sprouting dry seeds from their usual 3 to 4 days to 20 minutes, generating a sprout growth of 3-4 inches. After a genetic analysis, scientists confirmed this to be the case, hence, the using of the word “rapid” in the title.
It was thought preliminarily that qi energy changed the structure of a germination-correlated gene site speeding up expression and advancing it in time.
Qi is believed to be everywhere on Earth; when you’re healthy, Qi is flowing freely through you, whereas when you’re unhealthy, you either have a blockage from Qi or your “Qi tank” is low. Perhaps Sun has learned how to harness universal energy, allow her to essentially speed up the growth process of the plants. This would make sense if you believe in the concept of oneness, that we are all fundamentally connected to one another including the plant life around us.
Among the most marvelous, most frightening and certainly most unbelievable possibilities suggested by psychic folklore is that human beings may be able to exert an observable influence upon the physical world — simply through the power of conscious intention; or unconscious intention, or; by some accounts, through the assistance of spiritual intelligences; 0r as a result of a mysterious principle known as synchronicity. Some scholars – such as Stephen Braude, professor of philosophy at the University of Maryland — take such reports very seriously, claiming that no honest person can examine the case study reports and easily dismiss them.
Nina Kulagina is another example. Many have examined Kulagina, and for the last 20 years of her life she was subjected to academic research by the USSR. There are multiple videos of her on YouTube.
You can read an article we published on her earlier in the year here.
Regardless of whether or not you believe any of these people possess the aforementioned ‘superhuman’ capabilities, this subject is clearly worth studying. If this didn’t merit further research, do you really think government organizations would be studying these people and trying to hide these programs from you?
Which brings me to my next point.
What Does This Tell Us?
These report, among many others, clearly proves that there are cases of individuals with ‘supernormal’ abilities and that the CIA is well aware of them and has further researched this subject.
These revelations prove that not only do these ‘super-humans’ exist, but mainstream science cannot further investigate parapsychology and refuses to fund the research and even shuns it. However, this subject is still heavily studied by the secretive military industrial complex.
Think about that for a second.
For example, the report states that:
“The decision was announced by Hu Yaobang, the Party’s General Secretary. Exceptional functions of the human body was rejected as an approved subject of scientific research, but a minority group of scientists was to be allowed to continue their research and report it in an internally circulated publication for the consideration of interested scientists. The media were requested not to publish on the topic. Formal university research and government funding was halted.”
After you read the above quote, then ask yourself, why did Zhang Baoshengbecome “a full-time subject of the military-run psi research team”? Why do they get to do all of the research and receive all of the funding?
Clearly this topic is taken very seriously within these programs, but why the ridicule within mainstream science then?
The cutting of these programs is not because there is no interest, but because that interest lies in the world of secrecy, otherwise known as the Black Budget.
World of Secrecy
In the United States, the Stargate Program was a great example of a Special Access Black Budget Program (SAPs). This means that all of the information and findings within these programs remains secret and unknown to the mainstream world.
From these (SAPS) we have unacknowledged and waived SAPs. These programs do not exist publicly, but they do indeed exist. They are commonly referred to as ‘deep black programs.’ A 1997 US Senate report described them as “so sensitive that they are exempt from standard reporting requirements to the Congress.” (source)
There is a lot of evidence to suggest that these programs are not using billions of dollars, but trillions of dollars that are completely unaccounted for in the books. Here is a statement given by Canada’s former Minister of National Defence, Paul Hellyer, in 2008:
It is ironic that the U.S. would begin a devastating war, allegedly in search of weapons of mass destruction when the most worrisome developments in this field are occurring in your own backyard. It is ironic that the U.S. should be fighting monstrously expensive wars allegedly to bring democracy to those countries, when it itself can no longer claim to be called a democracy when trillions, and I mean thousands of billions of dollars have been spent on projects which both congress and the commander in chief no nothing about. (source)
We are talking about large amounts of unaccounted-for money going into programs we know nothing about. There have been several congressional inquiries that have noted billions, and even trillions of dollars that have gone missing from the federal reserve system.
You can read about the black budget in more detail with more sources and information from a previous article we published HERE.
CIA-document opgedoken over mensen met ‘speciale vermogens’ die in staat zijn tot ‘onmogelijke dingen’
CIA-document opgedoken over mensen met ‘speciale vermogens’ die in staat zijn tot ‘onmogelijke dingen’
Op de website van de CIA iseen documentte vinden dat gaat over de interesse die de Chinese overheid had in buitengewone functies van het menselijk lichaam.
Het gaat daarbij om parapsychologie (verzien, telepathie, telekinese, enzovoorts).
De Amerikaanse overheid was ook geïnteresseerd in dit fenomeen, aangezien zij in 1978 het Stargate Project startte.
Dit is overigens niet het enige document in het archief van de CIA over buitengewone vermogens. Een ander document betreft het onderzoek naar het paranormale vermogen om door ruimtelijke barrières te breken.
Teleportatie
Het stuk gaat over bepaalde mensen die beschikken over speciale vermogens en die al lange tijd worden bestudeerd door wetenschappers en overheden.
Hoewel het document op de website van de CIA staat, is het alleen toegankelijk via het Internet Archive, een website met als doel ‘universele toegang te bieden tot alle menselijke kennis’.
Eén en ander is ook te lezen in een vrijgegeven rapport van de Amerikaanse luchtmacht over teleportatie.
Het rapport werd naar buiten gebracht door de Federatie van Amerikaanse Wetenschappers.
Centra
Uit de CIA-documenten blijkt onder meer:
Een gerenommeerd wetenschappelijk tijdschrift in China publiceerde in 1979 over ‘non-visuele patroonherkenning’, waarbij de buitengewone functies in een aantal gevallen werden bevestigd.
In 1980 werden 100 centra opgericht om kinderen te bestuderen die zouden beschikken over uitzonderlijke (mentale) vermogens.
In 1982 financierde de Chinese Academie van Wetenschappen een hoorzitting in Peking over parapsychische vermogens waar meer dan 4000 onderzoekers bij aanwezig waren.
Lopen door muren
Ook is er aandacht voor het onderzoek in de jaren tachtig rond Zhang Baosheng, een man die volgens een onderzoeker van de Heilongjiang University eens een zak van 50 kilo suiker door de muur van een loods had verplaatst.
Baosheng zou nog meer wonderen op zijn naam hebben staan, zoals lopen door muren. Zijn verklaring hiervoor in 1982: “Jullie waren niet in staat om mij tegen te houden.”
Hij beoefende het toen in China erg populaire chi gong, net als Yan Xin, die tijdens veelvuldig herhaalde wetenschappelijke testen steeds weer in staat bleek tot bijzondere handelingen.
Demonstratie
Hij verhoogde tijdens een demonstratie op een Amerikaanse universiteit, voor het oog van vele toeschouwers, de weerstand van zijn lichaam zodat hij een hoge elektrische spanning kon weerstaan.
Ook wist hij door het sturen van energie op afstand, onder door Chinese wetenschappers vastgestelde omstandigheden, de moleculaire structuur van een kunstmatig kristal te veranderen.
Daarnaast kon hij door het sturen van energie de radioactieve stof Americium-241 beïnvloeden.
Volgens verhalen heeft Yan Xin ‘duizenden’ mensen genezen van kanker, breuken, reuma, traumatische verlamming, hartklachten en diabetes.
Verdwijnen
Dit soort psychische vermogens werd tussen 1979 en 1981 ook vastgesteld bij een groepje kinderen. Bij 13 jongens en 26 meisjes werden speciale krachten vastgesteld.
Het gaat dan om door objecten, muren en mensen heen kijken, takken breken op afstand, lezen via oren en vingertoppen, telescopisch zicht en het vermogen om bloemen uit de tuin in een vaas te plaatsen.
Eén van de meisjes, Sun Liping, had schijnbaar het vermogen om een knop door aanraking van de steel in een minuut te laten uitgroeien tot een bloem.
Dit soort bijzondere psychische gaven zouden meestal bij het bereiken van de volwassenheid weer verdwijnen. En bij meisjes al snel als ze gaan menstrueren.
Een kleine groep mensen zou de chi-gerelateerde vermogens behouden.
What Just Crashed In Russia? Something Weird Fell Out Of The SKY! Turkey UFO Alien Attack 11/28/2016
What Just Crashed In Russia? Something Weird Fell Out Of The SKY! Turkey UFO Alien Attack 11/28/2016
What Just Crashed In Russia? Something Weird Fell Out Of The SKY! Turkey Under Attack! 11/28/2016 Original Link From Andrew Texas UFOs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZjNqPK2KWxA #1 Most Viewed UFO Youtube Channel Thirdphaseofmoon Shares Your Incredible UFO Videos To the World! Upload your UFO Video To Youtube, Then Copy Paste The Link To My Email! cousinsbrothersproductions@gmail.com Keep Your Eyes on the Skies! We are not Alone!
MASSALE UFO WAARNEMINGEN TURKIJE ONDERDRUKT ( VIDEO )
MASSALE UFO WAARNEMINGEN TURKIJE ONDERDRUKT ( VIDEO )
Het leek afgelopen zondag alsof Independence Day was aangebroken voor Turkije.
Op talloze plaatsen in het land werden vreemde lichten waargenomen in de lucht en was #ufoattacktoturkye de meest trending hashtag op Twitter.
Afgelopen zondagavond/-nacht explodeerde Twitter met meldingen uit Turkije over vreemde lichten die in de lucht werden waargenomen.
Omdat het zoveel meldingen betrof vanuit zoveel verschillende plaatsen in het land konden al snel dingen zoals ballonnen en dergelijke worden uitgesloten.
Hierna volgen enkele voorbeelden van foto’s zoals die door inwoners van Turkije zijn gemaakt.
Nu was de naam voor de hashtag nogal ongelukkig gekozen, want er geen sprake van een aanval op Turkije, maar wel van iets vreemds in de lucht dat op diverse plaatsen werd waargenomen.
Iemand die vanaf het begin talloze meldingen uit Turkije binnenkreeg, was een Youtube videomaker met de naam Tyler van Secureteam. In de volgende video hoor je hem vertellen hoe snel het ging met de meldingen die bij hem vanuit Turkije binnenkwamen.
Een aantal uren later maakte hij de volgende video met een update van de situatie en daaruit blijkt vooral hoe snel de censuur bovenop dit verhaal is gedoken.
De video hierboven behaalde in recordtempo bijvoorbeeld meer dan 300.000 views, terwijl de teller bleef steken ergens tussen 25 en 50.000. Waar dit onderwerp een tijdlang het nummer één onderwerp op Twitter was, zo werden plotsklaps berichten verwijderd en verdween de hashtag naar de achtergrond.
Zoals je in bovenstaande video kunt horen, refereert Tyler aan een eerdere waarneming enkele dagen geleden in het Canadese Winnipeg.
De beelden die daar werden uitgezonden door het lokale televisiestation lijken als twee druppels water op de beelden zoals die boven Turkije zijn vastgelegd.
Op 25 november 2016 laat een boer in het Englese Yorkshire ’s avonds laat zijn hond uit op een stille weg waar nooit iets te zien is, tot die avond.....
Hij ziet plots een serie vreemde felle lichten, probeert foto’s te maken met zijn mobiel. Het lukt met één foto en daarna is zijn telefoon plotseling volkomen “dood”.
Pal daarop verdwenen de lichten ook weer zo plots als dat ze waren verschenen.
Is hier sprake van de lang verwachte fake alien invasie, project bluebeam, om hiermee alsnog bijvoorbeeld martial law te kunnen uitroepen in Amerika/de wereld en Obama aan te houden als president of Hillary alsnog op het schild te hijsen? Of zijn dit werkelijk buitenaardse schepen. Een lezer schreef het volgende over een nep invasie (dank!):
Daar zijn die mafkezen te laat mee, Proberen kunnen zij het altijd, maar met een armada van zo'n 3 tot 4 miljoen schepen van de galactiche federatie die al in onze luchten klaar liggen is dat feest snel over. Dan alleen al het energie verschil de aardse tech is koud en voelt vies aan. Schepen van de andere kant voelen warm en vertrouwd. probeer maar eens uit bij mensen, sta je naast een liefdevol persoon is de energie hoog en warm. iemand die negatief geladen is voelt koud aan. En een kloon of hybride geeft dan ook totaal geen energie af. En dat weet Steven Greer ook wel, hoef je hem echt niet te vertellen, Alleen waarom komt hij hier zo laat mee?
Op galactic channelings.com / blossom goodchild staat een link naar de brief van dr steven greer,aan blossom. zeer de moeite waard. Gewoon zo als het is, en als je nu de luchten ziet zijn zij aardig aan het oefenen om de laatste troefkaart uit te spelen. mijn eigen gevoel zegt mij vlak voor of met kerst. groetjes H.
Er lijkt zich op dit moment een toename voor te doen van waarnemingen van vreemde lichten in de lucht. Het beperkt zich ook niet tot één land en ook in Nederland werden afgelopen vrijdagavond in de buurt van Den Haag vreemde lichten in de lucht waargenomen.
European Mars Lander Crash Caused by 1-Second Glitch: ESA
European Mars Lander Crash Caused by 1-Second Glitch: ESA
By Peter B. de Selding, Space News
Here's how ESA's Schiaparelli Mars entry, descent and landing experiment should have worked. Instead, an error in its inertial measurement unit infected its navigation system and caused the onboard computer to act as though it had already landed. In fact it was still 3.7 kilometers above the Mars surface.
Credit: ESA
PARIS — The European Space Agency (ESA) on Nov. 23 said itsSchiaparelli lander’s crash landing on Marson Oct. 19 followed an unexplained saturation of its inertial measurement unit (IMU), which delivered bad data to the lander’s computer and forced a premature release of its parachute.
Polluted by the IMU data, the lander’s computer apparently thought it had either already landed or was just about to land. The parachute system was released, the braking thrusters were fired only briefly and the on-ground systems were activated.
Instead of being on the ground, Schiaparelli was still 2.3 miles (3.7 kilometers) above the Mars surface. It crashed, but not before delivering what ESA officials say is a wealth of data on entry into the Mars atmosphere, the functioning and release of the heat shield and the deployment of the parachute — all of which went according to plan. [In Photos: Europe's Schiaparelli Mars Landing Day]
Awaiting a December go-ahead for ExoMars 2020
Schiaparelli was never intended to survive more than a few days on the Mars surface, but the crash-and-die scenario has nonetheless made for bad press in Europe, raising concern that ESA governments might struggle to find the 300 million euros ($330 million) needed to finish funding a 2020 mission with Russia.
That mission is the second half of the ExoMars program. The first half’s main component is the Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO), which was successfully placed into Mars orbit and is functioning well. It will begin a series of maneuvers to reach is operational orbit at the end of 2017.
In addition to taking readings from the Mars atmosphere, the orbiter will be used to relay data from the European-built rover vehicle that is the showcase payload for the 2020 mission, to be launched by Russia. Russia is providing a landing package for that mission.
ESA governments are scheduled to meet Dec. 1-2 in Lucerne, Switzerland, to decide on a three- to five-year spending package covering most of the agency’s programs. But ExoMars will be one of the hot topics, as not all member states are eager to invest more in it.
Government officials said ESA is in fact missing about 400 million euros but would ask its member states for 300 million and find the remaining funds from within ESA's existing budget. It was not clear where those funds would be found.
The Italian Space Agency (ASI), which is ExoMars’ lead sponsor at ESA, has said the fate of the Schiaparelli lander has not dimmed its enthusiasm for ExoMars and that it would finance its expected 40 percent of the ExoMars package.
"ExoMars is extremely important for European science and exploration," ASI President Roberto Battiston said in a Nov. 23 statement. "Together with all the participating states in the program, we will work towards the successful completion of the second ExoMars mission."
The Russian space agency, Roscosmos, has also said it sees no reason to scrap the 2020 mission just because of a computer error that tarnished the lander mission’s last moments.
A one-second glitch and a 3,700-meter freefall
In its Nov. 23 statement, ESA said the saturation reading from Schiaparelli’s inertial measurement unit lasted only a second but was enough to play havoc with the navigation system.
"[T]he erroneous information generated an estimated altitude that was negative," ESA said. "That is, below ground level. This in turn successively triggered a premature release of the parachute and the back shell, a brief firing of the braking thrusters and finally activation of the on-ground systems as if Schiaparelli had already landed.
"In reality, the vehicle was still at an altitude of around 3.7 kilometers."
ESA said the sequence of events "has been clearly reproduced in computer simulations of the control system’s response to the erroneous information."
ESA’s director of human spaceflight and robotic exploration, David Parker, said in a statement that ExoMars teams are still sifting through the voluminous data harvest from the Schiaparelli mission, and that an external, independent board of inquiry, now being created, would release a final report in early 2017.
This story was provided by SpaceNews, dedicated to covering all aspects of the space industry.
Alpha Centauri Gets a New Moniker as 227 Star Names Are Clarified
Alpha Centauri Gets a New Moniker as 227 Star Names Are Clarified
By Elizabeth Howell, Space.com Contributor
According to a new official designation by the International Astronomical Union, the neighboring star system Alpha Centauri will be known as "Rigil Kentaurus." This wide-field view of the sky around the bright star system was created from photographic images forming part of the Digitized Sky Survey 2. Image released Oct. 17, 2012.
Credit: ESO/Digitized Sky Survey 2
"Alpha Centauri" is getting the boot. The longstanding star name has been displaced by its ancient counterpart in a new International Astronomical Union (IAU) catalog that designates 227 official names for different stars in the sky.
The move was intended to reduce confusion, according to the IAU. For instance, a star like Fomalhaut has at least 30 different names, so it's difficult to figure out what to call it — or even how to spell it. Variations over the years have included Fumalhaut, Fomalhut and even the unusual Fomal'gaut.
The IAU, which is the official arbiter of astronomical names, chose single names to refer to those stars that have historically had many. Some of the decisions may rattle longtime observers, however. For example, the binary star Alpha Centauri, which lies 4.35 light-years from the sun, is now known officially as "Rigil Kentaurus," the ancient name for the system. [What Do We Know About Alpha Centauri?]
Neighboring Proxima Centauri — the closest star to the sun, at just 4.22 light-years away — will keep its name, which will make it easier to keep track of the nearest exoplanet to Earth (which is currently known by the name Proxima b.)
In many cases, the names are the same as before; for instance, while Vega is reported to have dozens of different names, "Vega" will stand as the official name, echoing the decisions of star catalogs in the Western Hemisphere for centuries. Official alphanumeric designations for stars, which are used by professional astronomers, will remain the same.
"Since the IAU is already adopting names for exoplanets and their host stars, it has been seen as necessary to catalogue the names for stars in common use from the past, and to clarify which ones will be official from now on," Eric Mamajek, chair and organizer of the working group, said in a statement.
The decision comes after the IAU's working group on star names began combing the literature in May 2016 to determine which star names would be officially approved. The group favored one-word names as well as those names that had histories in astronomy, culture or the natural world. (Many star names, the IAU noted, have not changed much since the Renaissance and come from Greek, Latin and Arabic roots.)
"The group aims to decide which traditional star names from cultures around the world are the official ones, in order to avoid confusion," the IAU said in the statement. "Some of the most common names for the brightest and most famous stars in the sky had no official spelling, some stars had several names, and identical names were sometimes used for completely different stars altogether."
The full list of the 227 stars is available on the IAU's website. This catalog includes 18 star names that were approved in December 2015, 14 of them proposed and voted on by the public for the NameExoWorlds contest. The approved stellar names will not be available for asteroids, planetary satellites or exoplanets "so as to further reduce confusion," the IAU said of the listing.
Over the years, many explanations have been put forward to try to ‘solve’ the UFO enigma. Some sound very convincing, and others sound like a science fiction novel gone wrong. Not surprisingly, there never seems to be an answer that satisfies everyone.
At the dawn of ufology the USAF used experts to consider all manner of natural and man-made phenomena that might cause witnesses to think they had seen a UFO. The cases that remained unexplained were (a) regarded as the result of insufficient information being available for an adequate explanation, (b) ignored as implausible, or (c) were the work of hoaxers. The motives for hoaxers can be fame and fortune, social experimentation or simply the enjoyment of baffling people.
Another theory, which conditioned much of the thinking surrounding the US airship wave of 1896–97 and the early years of ufology, was that the UFOs were the product of human inventors working and experimenting in secret. Variations of this idea are that human inventors have been inspired by alien contacts and communications to build UFOs and develop related technology. In recent years ufology has embraced the concept that UFOs allegedly retrieved by the US government have been back-engineered and tested at Area 51.
Sceptics like Tim Printy, the editor of the US online SUNlite UFO newsletter, think that ‘the majority of UFO sightings are misperceptions of man-made and natural events. The remainder that cannot be readily explained are possibly hoaxes, hallucinations, observations of rare natural phenomena, or misperceptions that have been so distorted in the reporting that identification is extremely difficult.’
Nevertheless, most ufologists believe that there remains a kernel of ‘true’ UFOs, and therefore turn to more exotic or complex concepts to explain them. The default and most dominant idea – especially in the USA – is that UFOs come from outer space. The extraterrestrial hypothesis (ETH) is far from being a new idea. The idea that life exists beyond our home planet has entertained and intrigued our minds for a long time.
The planet Mars has long been seriously considered as the most likely home of intelligent beings. This idea was given scientific credibility by Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli, who intensively studied the planet in 1877, 1879 and 1881, and produced detailed charts that revealed networks of lines and ‘seas’ across its surface. He termed the long dark lines canali, meaning channels, but when translated into English they were erroneously called ‘canals’. He abandoned his observations in 1890 due to failing eyesight, but other astronomers confirmed the existence of Mars’ distinctive surface features.
In 1893, after studying occult phenomena in Japan, Percival Lowell returned to the USA to set up an observatory at Flagstaff, Arizona. In his book Mars, published two years later, he claimed that the planet is inhabited by intelligent beings, three times larger than we are. Considering that Mars is older than Earth, he postulated that Martian life was superior to our own, and that the canals were evidence that they were still in existence.
Today, of course, we know that his ideas are wrong. Psychoanalyst Charles Hofling asserted that Lowell’s observations were illusory; however, his rigorous use of logic to interpret his data was due to an idée fixe rather than delusions. When determining which came first, the idée fixe or the illusory observations, Hofling favoured the former, as he thinks Lowell already knew what he would see. Significantly, when Lowell used more powerful telescopes the canals were less visible.
Nonetheless, Mars was regarded as a viable habitat for alien life forms until, in the 1960s, these hopes were dashed when NASA’s Mariner space probes detected high levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in its atmosphere. There is evidence that there was free-flowing water on Mars millions of years ago, which may well have supported living organisms at some point, but so far we have yet to find even the slightest hint of life on Mars, past or present.
In contrast to Mars, and the rest of the universe, Earth is teeming with life. Given that there are about 400 billion stars in our Milky Way galaxy alone, it would be incredible if we were the only pocket of life in this infinitely small sector of the Universe.
Scientists have used radio telescopes to try to detect any signals that might reveal the existence of alien civilisations lurking within our part of the galaxy, but so far there has been a big fat silence. Despite this, SETI (search for extraterrestrial intelligence) research has had a big boost from the discovery in October 1995 of a Hot Jupiter extrasolar planet in the Pegasus constellation, 50 light years away. Since then about 1,000 more extrasolar planets (or exoplanets) have been found, of which a quarter are in the habitable zone of their parent sun. Signs of any chemical signatures or the existence of oxygen in the atmosphere of these planets is currently being investigated to see if they might support any type of life, as we know it. This is a far cry from the aliens and visitors reported by UFO contactees and abductees, but at least it does show that the ETH is a scientifically valid concept.
Ancient Astronaut theories are a logical extension of the ETH. The stories of miraculous events and visions in the Christian Bible and other religious books have been eagerly reinterpreted as being accounts of alien visitations. Ancient structures like the Pyramids and Stonehenge are regarded as being inspired or even created by these Ancient Astronauts, and, as in Stanley Kubrick’s movie 2001: A Space Odyssey, it is thought that they might have boosted our evolution, or even brought us to Earth in the first place. The evidence for this is patchy, and has been plundered from many different historical eras. As Roger Sandell wrote way back in 1973, when the books of Erich von Däniken were extremely popular (especially his Chariots of the Gods?), none of these theories ‘seems capable of producing evidence that at one particular time and place a unique interference with human history took place. Instead we are merely given a jumble of mysteries.’
The PSH
All in the mind? These are just some of the psychological processes that can produce or encourage the sighting of UFOs: • Sleep paralysis • Fantasy proneness • Hallucination • Hypnotic regression • Auto hypnosis • False memory syndrome • Subliminal peripheral vision psychosis • Fabrication and exaggeration • Temporal lobe epilepsy • Psychoanalytical factors • Mental illness • Psychological trauma • Boundary theory • Dissociative tendencies • Abuse • Masochism • Fantasy proneness • Birth trauma • Misperception and misinterpretation • Sensory deprivation • Mass hysteria
The psycho-sociological hypothesis (PSH) doesn’t have such a ring of authority to it as the ETH, and it is far more complex. It is more highly regarded by European ufologists, and considers UFOs to be created by a combination of psychological and sociological factors.
Psychoanalyst Carl Jung was the first to seriously consider UFO experiences as something more than sightings of spaceships or weather balloons. He regarded them as having a spiritual character that fulfilled the needs of the individual. Yet he also thought they could be solid, material craft from other planets. He hinted that our collective desire for salvation from the skies could bring about the physical manifestation of UFOs and aliens.
Ironically, it was US writer and UFO researcher John Keel who, through his influential book UFOs: Operation Trojan Horse and his many articles in Flying Saucer Review, helped wean a generation of British ufologists away from the ETH. He argued that UFO sightings are shaped and manipulated by the intelligences that control the phenomena. He called these entities ultraterrestrials, who are believed to be able to move up and down the electromagnetic spectrum. By these means they can appear and disappear from our limited human perception of the world.
Jacques Vallée and even J. Allen Hynek came to think that there was more to the subject than solid, physical spacecraft visiting us. In Passport to Magonia, Vallée agreed with Keel that the aliens have been visiting us for thousands of years in different forms, according to our beliefs and expectations. The ‘aliens’ have appeared as demons, fairies, goblins and dragons, as recorded in folklore, and they have travelled in phantom airships (as seen in the 1890s to 1920s), foo fighters (World War Two period) and ghost rockets (post-WW2), before they finally showed off their flying saucers. They seem to anticipate our own technological developments and challenge our notions of reality. According to this concept of ‘cultural tracking’ they seem to have been controlling and goading us throughout history.
In his excellent article Jules Verne and the Great Airship Scare, Ron Miller notes that the descriptions of phantom airships are very similar to the real and fictional aerial inventions of the period. He sums up the situation by stating that all the phantom airship sightings in the USA during 1896 to 1897 ‘could be either anomalous and amorphous phenomena, simple “bandwaggoning”, or even outright hoaxes. In other words, nothing that we haven’t seen taking place in so many modern UFO reports. Those of a century ago are different only in using 19th century visual references.’
From a sociological perspective, UFOs can highlight and represent wider social concerns. In the Cold War period, for example, they represented the fear of invasion by (literally) an alien army. Abductions in recent years represent our fears of being taken over by cold, anonymous forces that can control every element of our lives.
On a personal, psychological level UFO experiences can help people to articulate deeper subconscious fears or desires.
According to this hypothesis, Hollywood films, TV series, websites, books, magazines and other mass media have a big impact on our perception of UFOs. Peter Rogerson, Britain’s leading thinker on this subject, noted that the UFO mythology was ‘nurtured, not primarily by the absurd UFO cults, but by the professional myth-makers, the comics, films, science fiction writers, even advertisers. The first great contactee came … from Hollywood; in the form of the allegorical science-fiction drama The Day the Earth Stood Still.’
Birth trauma theory In the late 1970s, when claims of alien abduction were becoming more common, Dr Alvin Lawson and William McCall put forward the theory that such abductions are caused by birth trauma. To prove this, they hypnotically regressed a group of people who had no intimate knowledge of UFO phenomena and found that their accounts matched those of ‘real’ abductees.
To explain these similarities they argued that we all share the common experience of birth. As a validation of this view, they found that people who had normal births recalled UFO encounters that involved tubes and tunnels, which are symbolic of, or memories of, the birth canal.
Those who were born by Caesarean section do not seem to report UFO encounters with these elements.
UFO research and investigation itself goes through a number of filters, conditioned by ‘authorised myths’. British researcher Hilary Evans notes that these are ‘a belief or set of beliefs which, despite inadequate scientific evidence for its existence, obtains the sanction of widespread acceptance within the prevailing culture.’ For example, in the case of UFOs the authorised myth is that they are of extraterrestrial origin. This causes UFO witnesses to shape their sightings and experiences in terms of this myth. In turn, ufologists come along and add more evidence to support such claims, by correlating them with similar sightings and by ‘finding’ all types of supporting evidence to back them up.
In this way what starts off as a report of a simple CEI light in the sky can escalate into a full-blown CEIII or CEIV abduction report because the authorized myth triggers unconscious dreams and fantasies related to the expectations of the extraterrestrial hypothesis (ETH).
The main problem with these types of explanation for UFO experiences is that we have to consider a complex interaction between our mental processes – which are subject to illness, misperception, genetic predisposition, intoxication and trauma – and our culture, society, myths, beliefs, peer pressures and preconceptions.
Even the methods by which we use psychology to examine these processes in the pursuit of UFO investigations are conditioned by our culture. In the US there has been far more recourse to using polygraph tests, hypnotic regression and psychiatric or therapeutic counselling than in other countries.
In the British Magonia magazine, which has promoted the PSH since the early 1970s, Anthony Brown lambasted this type of approach to the subject. He claims: ‘The attitude of some sceptics in degrading and impugning the character of the average witness in ufology is a disgrace to the subject and of civilised behaviour to one’s fellow man. The essence of the Psychosocial Hypothesis is of cheapening the witness’s puzzling experience, and questioning their basic honesty as a human being.’
Sleep paralysis The work of Dr Jorge Conesa Sevilla, a neurocognitive and biosemiotic researcher, confirms that sleep paralysis (SP) can involve vividly experiencing floating, going through tunnels, seeing lights and hearing noises. Furthermore, these types of experience can be triggered by anxiety, tiredness and sleep deprivation, making them common in shift workers, truck drivers, hospital workers and other people who work long and odd hours.
Conesa also suggests that geomagnetic activity might trigger SP experiences, and that birth trauma memories might shape the imagery of those who interpret their SP experience in terms of an alien abduction. He also indicates that these experiences run through families, and that people can learn to use SP to have out of the body experiences, lucid dreams and shamanic journeys.Professor Christopher French, head of the Anomalistic Psychology Research Unit, Goldsmiths, University of London, is a bit more circumspect about applying such all-embracing theories.
In his considered opinion: ‘I think that most claims of alien abduction involve an initial bizarre experience, such as an episode of sleep paralysis or highway hypnosis, that leads the individual concerned to postulate that perhaps they have experienced alien contact. That expectation may subsequently lead to the formation of a false memory for such an alien encounter.
However, we should be wary of proposing ‘one-size-fits-all’ explanations for this complex and fascinating phenomenon. It is undoubtedly true that some cases will require different explanations – including occasional deliberate hoaxes.
Exotic explanations
No single explanation has satisfied everyone, so perhaps a combination of explanations needs to be considered. You can take your pick’n’mix from this selection:
Living UFOs
Ufologist Trevor Constable pioneered the photography of UFOs using infrared film during the 1960s. He considered UFOs to be biological beings, which live in the sky. As they come closer to Earth they become more visible, and they can fire bolts of lightning to defend themselves. They are invisible to our eyes, but infrared film can capture images of them as they fly above us. Today some ufologists have adapted video cameras to capture infrared images of UFOs.
Virtual reality
UFOs could be holographic or quasi-solid projections from extraterrestrial or extradimensional aliens. Alternatively, our universe is a virtual reality created by aliens. UFOs come from beyond our simulated reality and indicate the falseness of our existence.
Time travelers
UFOs might be visiting us from our future, when time travel has become possible. Alternatively they are time machines created by aliens from other planets or dimensions who are coming from the future or even the past.
Paranormal and occult
Psychic phenomena, ghosts, invisible entities and poltergeists have all been associated with UFO and alien activity. Aliens have been contacted through Ouija boards, séances, mental telepathy and automatic writing. This suggests that the aliens live on the same astral planes as ghosts and other entities, or that they are created by similar psychological factors. Using meditation or even magic, some have tried to bring such mental projections into the real world.
The third realm
Rather than conjuring up UFOs, the third realm hypothesis suggests that they exist independently in a realm that has only been accessible to shamans through mystical means. Harvard professor John Mack claimed that modern science blinkers us from the third realm because it only accepts the reality of the first realm (the mind) and the second realm (the material world). People who experience UFO events glimpse the third realm.
Electronic pollution
Albert Budden put forward the theory that electronic and electrical pollution could affect 20% of the population. This pollution upsets our biochemistry and causes UFO and abduction hallucinations that warn us that our bodies are in danger.
Earth lights
Lights in the sky are caused by strains in the earth’s crust, according to this theory. These lights and related electromagnetic activity have an influence on the temporal lobes of our brains. People sensitive to these influences can experience mood changes, memory loss, rich fantasies and abduction-like experiences.
Plasma balls
The British Ministry of Defence’s Project Condign claimed that rare, short-lived plasma balls in the upper atmosphere could cause pilots to see ‘classic’ flying saucers. They could also create electromagnetic disruption to vehicles and elude radar detection. The report suggested that meteors are involved in their creation by an as yet unknown process.
Conspiracy
It is claimed that the US and other governments know all about the real origin of the aliens, and are in league with them to keep humanity in ignorance of the real situation. This information is suppressed because it could cause mass panics and completely disrupt our existence on this planet. Certainly government agencies have used the UFO mythology to spread disinformation and to hide the testing of aircraft and other highly secret activities. On a similarly sinister note, in the 1950s agencies like the FBI were worried that Communist supporters were using UFO and alien contact stories to undermine democratic values. For this reason they monitored the activities of ufologists and contactees who appeared to be spreading subversive ideas.
Summary
The psycho-sociological hypothesis covers a broad range of phenomena that governs our perceptions. At one end of the scale it can be used to speculate that our own minds can create or perceive ‘real’ aliens and their spacecraft; at the other end the PSH has inclined some ufologists to consider the subject as modern-day folklore. In the light of this, UFOs and the theories surrounding them constitute a UFO mythology, and it is in the realms of psychology and sociology that we should therefore concentrate our research.
Such research is important, because, as John Spencer notes in his book Perspectives: ‘The phenomenon has affected much of our modern society, our culture, our fiction, areas of our religion and much more. It has done this without proof of reality, people’s perception of the world has changed because of the existence of the literature, whether or not there is a basis in reality. This will continue into the future whether there is a foundation in reality or not, so long as people believe something.’
The extraterrestrial hypothesis is more clear-cut and simple. The problem for ETH proponents is finding scientifically valid evidence to back up their claims. The exopolitics movement that has arisen since 2000 assumes the fact that aliens from outer space are visiting us and are in regular contact with our governments. Their evidence relies heavily on rumours and stories from whistleblowers.
As ‘The Pelican’ perceptively notes in Magonia magazine: ‘The notion that the true explanations for sightings that remain unidentified after being investigated by Serious Ufologists is that they are alien craft, [and] is what makes ufology a pseudoscience. It is not just the nuts-and-bolts ETH Serious Ufologists who are rather flaky, but also those who seek more subtle explanations … all but a very few ufologists do not have a purely objective approach to the subject. And, of course, they usually get away with their dodgy hypotheses and tall stories.’
Certainly, ufologists, whether at the skeptical or believer ends of the spectrum, can easily have a tendency to have ‘dodgy hypotheses’. What is paramount is to look at the evidence itself and to consider the pros and cons of its validity. Unfortunately, many cases are invested with a power that transcends any rational arguments or logical explanations, and they become an established part of the UFO mythology.
What is really needed to confirm the ETH is incontrovertible proof, like an actual flying saucer parked on the White House lawn.
References
Brown, Anthony R. ‘The Decline and Fall of the Psychosocial Empire’ Magoniano 72, October 2000.
Evans, Hilary. ‘The Myth of the Authorised Myth’ Magonia no 16, July 1984, at: magonia.haaan.com/2009/myth/.
Haines, Richard (ed). UFO Phenomena and the Behavioral Scientist (Scarecrow, USA, 1979).
Hendry, Allan. The UFO Handbook (Doubleday, New York, 1979).
Hofling, Charles K. ‘Percival Lowell and the Canals of Mars’ British Journal of Medical Psychology vol 37, part 1, 1964.
Hufford, David J. The Terror That Comes in the Night: An Experience-centered Study of Supernatural Assault Traditions (University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1982).
Jung, Carl. Flying Saucers: A Modern Myth of Things Seen in the Skies(Routledge and Kegan Paul, ondon, 1959).
Keel, John. UFOs: Operation Trojan Horse (Abacus, London, 1973).
Klass, Philip J. UFOs Explained (Random House, New York, 1974).
Miller, Ron. ‘Jules Verne and the Great Airship Scare’ International UFO Reporter vol 12, no 3, May–June 1987.
Moravec, Mark. ‘UFOs as Psychological and Parapsychological Phenomena’ in UFOs 1947–1987, compiled and edited by Hilary Evans and John Spencer (Fortean Tomes, London, 1987).
Pelican, The. ‘Declassing the Classics Magonia No 98, September 2008’, at: magonia.haaan.com/2011/declassing-the-classics-the-pelican/.
NIGEL WATSON has written for numerous magazines on paranormal subjects, such as Wired, History Today, Flying Saucer Review and UFO magazine. He also runs the website Talking Pictures and is the author of four books: The Alien Deception (2009), The Scareship Mystery (2000), Supernatural Spielberg (1992) and Portraits of Alien Encounters (1990).
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'UFOs: The Secret Evidence'
'UFOs: The Secret Evidence'
This 2 hour television programme set out to solve some of the great UFO mysteries, perhaps even provide a catch-all explanation for the whole field of Ufology. 'UFOs: The Secret Evidence' was written and presented by journalist Nick Cook, who has been an aviation editor and aerospace consultant for the world-renowned trade publication "Jane's Defence Weekly". His impeccable credentials might suggest a rather stuffy approach to the subject, but Nick Cook actually brings with him a down-to-earth, common sense approach which is refreshing. His stance on UFOs seems open-minded and objective. He also manages to gain interviews with some very intriguing individuals from the aerospace and intelligence fields.
The programme started by asserting that UFO reports began during the Second World War. This is an incorrect assertion, unfortunately, ignoring a wealth of historical evidence dating back centuries. Still, it's probably fair to say that the first official military reports on the subject were generated in the 1940s, and that is the focus of Nick's investigation. He tackled the phenomenon of the 'Foo Fighters' reported by airmen during WWII and, with John Dering (a senior scientist at SARA), considered the possibility that the Nazis were sending up prototype Unmanned Aerial Vehicles which were "reusable"!
A bizarre technological artefact known as 'the Fly Trap' was visited, and the theory that it was a test-rig for Nazi flying saucers was discussed. This was in the context of a secret Nazi underground base where derro-like scientists played with glowing bell-shaped devices which seemed to defy gravity. This was research which led to the death of several scientists, allegedly.
Then we moved onto the Roswell incident, via the infamous U.S. defence programme to incorporate Nazi scientists into sensitive research areas (like White Sands Missile Range), known as Operation Paperclip. The Roswell incident resulted, it was alleged, from a top secret defence programme known as 'Sky Hook', which sent up advanced surveillance balloons. Its flight path took it over Roswell, and when one crashed the UFO story was sprung to hide the truth about 'Sky Hook' from the Soviets.
This is a running theme throughout Nick Cook's thesis. Whatever the truth behind the wider phenomenon, the subject was used mercilessly by intelligence agencies in the psychological war with the Soviet Union. This occurred to such an extent that UFOs became part of American culture for a long while; as a propaganda instrument UFOs were unrivalled in their success, it was claimed. Not only that, but the U.S. then used UFO flaps as a means to track the progress of their experimental craft.
It all sounds like those clever military intelligence people had their finger on the pulse all along! This rose-tinted view of UFO history, US of A-style, was backed up by various characters from the Intelligence field interviewed by Nick Cook, who all smiled knowingly as they openly revealed the deepest secrets of military intelligence to the public. "We suckered you all, you fools!" they arrogantly insinuated. But this version of history runs against the grain of the U.S. Government's public panic over the subject at the time, as revealed in various memos that have come to light.
After the death of the brutal Soviet premier Joseph Stalin, the CIA upped the ante, using UFOs as a propaganda tool to cover up the top secret flights of the U2 spy-plane over the Soviet Union. It didn't work, of course, because the Soviets shot one down. One would have expected the UFO phenomenon to stop dead in its tracks at that point. But, no, on it went, cruelly ignoring the whole CIA/Propaganda theory.
So various other aerospace oddities are wheeled out of their hangers to shock and amaze us. Like the 'Avro Car', and the 'Silver Bug'. There is something to be said for the idea that sightings of UFOs at or near sensitive aerospace research establishments might just have something to do with what's going on there. Policeman Lonnie Zamora might have seen a 'Silver Bug', or a downed prototype Sampler destined for the Moon, next to White Sands, for instance.
The Russians certainly seemed to be well and truly hooked on UFOs, with Andropov ordering the Red Army to watch the skies, which they did dutifully for 13 years. But the canny Russians would have known that the Americans liked to regularly risk their young pilots on surveillance missions across Soviet territory, despite already having spy satellite technology quite sufficient for the task. There's more to all this than meets the eye. Yes, Stealth aircraft undoubtedly contributed to UFO sightings. But that's not the whole story.
And Nick Cook seems to realise that too. The first hint of that came when watching the uncomfortable reaction of British sceptics Andy Roberts and Dave Clarke to his gentle questioning. They were not amongst friends, one could judge. Then his appraisal of the eye-witness account of pilot Tom Hanley, who described the incredible manoeuvring capability of an unidentified flying object darting around his reconnaissance aircraft, seemed to open up greater potentials than the US military dangerously interfering with its own advanced aircraft.
The 1952 flap over Washington D.C. also brought about a pause for thought. Nick Cook is not a dyed-in-the-wool sceptic by any means.
He then tackled subsidiary subjects, like cattle mutilations across stretches of the continental USA. He concluded that these were covert missions carried out by military agents using helicopters and field-based surgical equipment, to monitor contamination levels of some kind. It would have been easier to just buy some cattle and then take body parts to the lab for analysis, I'd have thought. But ten out of ten for style, that's for sure.
Then there was the alien abduction phenomenon, which is a massive subject in its own right. Nick Cook looked at the Travis Walton case, including an excellent interview with the man himself. No explanation was forthcoming, except for a generalised gloss over the experiences of the Contactees some years before. Perhaps to try to indict the U.S. Government in human experiments against the will, or knowledge, of the victims involved, was a step too far for Cook. The U.S. Government's dismissive contempt for the great, impoverished mass of its own people has been clear to see for many years, most recently noted during the Hurricane Katrina debacle. So it's possible, surely?
'UFOs: The Secret Evidence" wound up with a look at satellite photographs showing contrails from an unidentified craft which flew halfway across the globe at 8000mph. 'Aurora' was the modern UFO par excellence, it seems. But however fast these things get, the fact remains that the difficulty with identifying many UFOs lies in their bizarre patterns of manoeuvrability. If the Nazis created the Foo Fighters back in the 1940s, then why the heck are we still flying around in fixed wing aircraft 60 years later? It all seems so unlikely. Yes, UFOs were a wonderful cover story to hide black projects behind, but the black projects in themselves do not completely solve the UFO problem. Not by a long chalk. In the end, Nick Cook seemed to agree.
UFO Hunters Discover “Alien Structures” on Mercury
UFO Hunters Discover “Alien Structures” on Mercury
Truth researchers found what they call alien buildings after looking through NASA photos from Jet Propulsion Laboratory team, who send robotic probes for the Solar System exploration.
Experts claim that the discovery of alien buildings on the first rock from the Sun isn’t the first time.
Pictures seem to show 17 structures in dome shape around the craters’ edges on Mercury.
Bumps across the surface of the planet are found in photos taken from one of NASA’s orbiters.
However, instead of considering them as natural formations, some UFO hunters believe these dome-shaped structures are of alien origin.
Just last week, some extraterrestrial enthusiasts identified an alien moon base in pictures taken from lunar orbiter of NASA.
Referring to the dome-shaped formations, truth seekers suggest these structures show something other than what scientists think.
Mercury has temperature highs of about 900C and lows of -173C. Life, as we know it, would be almost impossible to exist in the smallest planet of the Solar System. Furthermore, liquid water cannot exist on its surface.
The planet also experiences frequent solar storms and asteroid impacts.
Last month, the European/Russian-built Schiaparelli lander crashed headlong into Mars after suffering a software glitch mere minutes before its planned touchdown in the Meridiani Planum region of the planet. The 49-by-131 foot blackened crater it left on the Martian surface is a reminder that landing robots on alien worlds is no easy feat.
Schiaparelli, rest in pieces.
Image: NASA Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter/ESA
Indeed, the tradition of crashing robots on Mars dates back to the Soviet probe Mars 2, which became the first human-made object to reach the Red Planet’s surface on November 27, 1971 (45 years ago this Sunday). Much like its descendent Schiaparelli, Mars 2 did not stick its landing.
Though it had sailed safely across the interplanetary expanse for six months and successfully separated from the orbital module, the lander encountered a stroke of bad luck during its descent phase, which happened to coincide with one of the strongest and longest dust storms on record at that time.
Hurtling through the tumultuous skies at a much steeper angle than expected, Mars 2 failed to deploy its parachutes and fatally smashed into the surface somewhere around 45 degrees south and 313 degrees west. The lander’s remains have never been found, and were possibly buried by the prolonged gusts of dusty weather (which lasted well into January 1972).
Its identical sister ship, Mars 3, fared somewhat better when it touched down five days later on December 2, and radioed back to Earth that it was safely on the Martian surface. It even sent back a grainy photograph and some environmental readings.
Image of Martian surface, captured by Mars 3 lander on December 3, 1971.
Image: Soviet Academy of Sciences
But within 20 seconds, the probe’s transmissions stopped, possibly because the lander may have blown over by the same severe winds that had doomed its sibling spacecraft. It is unclear whether Mars 3 had time to unleash the delightfully weird Prop-M mobile robot, which had hitched a ride on both landers, before contact was lost. If so, it would have been the first time a rover concept had been tried out on the planet (check out minute 8:40 of the below video to watch a simulation of its deployment; it’s worth your time).
Within a week, the Soviet space program had attained two back-to-back Mars milestones—the first crash-landing, followed by the first soft-landing—but those successes were overshadowed by the fact that neither lander survived long enough to record comprehensive data about its otherworldly surroundings.
Renewed Russian attempts to land another pair of robots, Mars 6 and 7, on the planet in 1974 also ended in disappointment. Mars 6 suffered a communications failure mere seconds before its touchdown, while Mars 7 missed the planet entirely. In the end, NASA snagged the honor of establishing the first long-term surface operations on Mars in 1976, when the American Viking 1 and 2 probes soft-landed in the Chryse Planitia and Utopia Planitia regions respectively.
First clear picture from the Martian surface, taken by Viking 1. Image: NASA
Four decades later, and NASA remains the only organization to have successfully landed operational vehicles on Mars (though the US has experienced some painful failures there too).
But just because Mars 2 blasted itself into oblivion 45 years ago hardly means it is unworthy of celebration. Reaching the Martian surface so early in the space age is a feat unto itself, especially given the extenuating circumstances of epic dust storms.
Ex-Chinese Government Official Confirms Aliens and UFOs Are Real
Ex-Chinese Government Official Confirms Aliens and UFOs Are Real
UFOs and aliens have been discussed in all walks of life for many decades. This year alone, there are hundreds of UFO sightings reported from different parts of the world, and some of them were from former government officials.
Now, a new claim has surfaced, this time from a former Chinese official who said some of UFO sightings could be real.
Shi-Li Sun, an ex-government diplomat in China, has created exciting news among alien UFO enthusiasts and researchers. The official shared some information during a disclosure hearing. He said that ET life and intelligent aliens are true.
He went on to say that government has substantial proof or evidence that aliens and UFOs have been here on Earth for many years. Shi-Li Sun’s disclosure took place at a recent Paradigm Research Group (PRG)’s UFO disclosure summit organized by Stephen Bassett.
The head of the World Chinese UFO Federation, Shi-Li Sun, claimed he, along with Chinese UFO scholars and researchers, has been studying all pieces of evidence for years. They concluded that UFOs and aliens are authentic.
According to reports, Shi-Li Sun has written various articles on the subject of UFOs and aliens, which have appeared in China’s Encyclopedia, edited by Shen Shituan, a prestigious Chinese scientist.
Shi-Li Sun once claimed that aliens have been here on Earth since many years ago and they are now living among humans. These aliens are difficult to recognize because they are disguised as humans, added Shi-Li.
Verbijsterende documentaire toont connectie tussen oude bouwwerken en de sterren
Verbijsterende documentaire toont connectie tussen oude bouwwerken en de sterren
Al eeuwenlang spreken de zeven wereldwonderen tot de verbeelding en één in het bijzonder: de Grote Piramide in Egypte.
Men veronderstelt dat de piramide diende als grafmonument voor farao Cheops. Was dat ook echt zo?
Er is immers nooit een sarcofaag, een mummie of een spoor van grafschatten gevonden.
Twijfelen
Regisseur Patrice Pooyard raakte ook gefascineerd door dit monumentale bouwsel, dat al zo lang onze aarde siert.
Hij was onder de indruk van het feit dat de Egyptenaren dit enorme aardbevingbestendige bouwwerk in slechts 20 jaar gemaakt zouden hebben met als enige gereedschap een hamer en een stenen beitel.
Toch begon Pooyard te twijfelen aan deze aannames, die al jaren vanzelfsprekend zijn. Ook trok hij in twijfel dat de piramide van Gizeh een grafmonument was.
Hele wereld
Door een ingewijde werd hij aangespoord om op onderzoek uit te gaan, niet alleen in Egypte.
De ingewijde raadde hem aan om ook andere archeologische plaatsen van betekenis verspreid over de hele wereld te bezoeken.
Het werd een reis van Paaseiland naar Peru, van China naar Mexico en uiteindelijk bracht het onderzoek hem opnieuw naar Egypte.
Sterren
Het blijkt dat de locatie van veel oude bouwwerken overeenkomt met de positie van bepaalde sterren.
Pooyard legde zijn bevindingen vast in een fascinerende documentaire, die sinds kort op YouTube is te zien.
Scifi-schrijvers weten het wel: het zijn groene mannetjes met grote ogen. Maar hoe denken wetenschappers daar nu over?
Aliens. Al decennialang wordt er gespeculeerd over hoe ze eruit zullen zien. Tijdens de opkomst van de science-fiction werden ze afgebeeld als de typische groene mannetjes met grote ogen, maar nu de ontdekking van buitenaards leven steeds dichterbij komt, krijgen wetenschappers een beter beeld van onze ‘first encounter‘. En nee, het lijkt er niet op dat ze aan de verwachtingen van de scifi-schrijvers voldoen.
Ooit was Mars warm en vochtig en wellicht zelfs leefbaar. Vandaag de dag is de rode planeet koud en droog. Grote vraag is of eventueel buitenaards leven zich op zo’n koude en droge planeet weet te redden.
Afbeelding: NASA / The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI / AURA).
In ons zonnestelsel Onze eigen planeet heeft ideale omstandigheden voor leven. Veel water en andere belangrijke grondstoffen, een vrij constante comfortabele temperatuur en Jupiter beschermt ons tegen veel meteorietinslagen. Deze omstandigheden zijn uniek in ons zonnestelsel en om de equivalent van de groene mannetjes te vinden, zullen we dus ver van huis moeten zoeken. Als we hopen buitenaards leven te vinden in ons eigen zonnestelsel zullen we moeten zoeken in de extreme omstandigheden die planeten en manen in de buurt te bieden hebben. Leven op een met metersdikke laag ijs bedekte maan of een kurkdroge rode planeet lijkt onmogelijk, maar als we kijken in wat voor extreme omstandigheden sommige aardbewoners leven dan wordt buitenaards leven binnen ons zonnestelsel ineens plausibel.
In de kou Neem Psychromonas. Dit is een bacterie die in arctische gebieden op ijsschotten leeft. Groei van deze bacterie is geobserveerd bij maar liefst -12ºC. Mensen moeten hun lichaamstemperatuur op 37ºC houden, omdat anders hun enzymen te langzaam gaan werken en de stofwisseling tot stilstand komt. Deze bacterie onderhoudt echter een actieve stofwisseling en weet zelfs te groeien in de vrieskou. Hiervoor zijn grote aanpassingen in de moleculaire machinerie van de cel – de eiwitten – nodig. De eiwitten van deze bacteriën bestaan uit flexibele onderdelen, zodat deze op lage temperaturen en dus met weinig energie hun taak nog kunnen uitvoeren. Deze eiwitten zitten zo los in elkaar dat ze op gematigde temperaturen van 20ºC al denatureren (hun ruimtelijke structuur verliezen). -12ºC is de laagste temperatuur waarop nog groei geobserveerd is, maar dit betekent niet dat op nog lagere temperaturen geen leven kan bestaan. Een actieve stofwisseling is gemeten bij temperaturen tot wel -39ºC.
In de hitte Aan de andere kant van het spectrum staan de thermofielen. Dit zijn organismen die gedijen bij extreem hoge temperaturen. De onderzoeksgroep van persoonlijk hoogleraar dr. Huub op den Camp heeft zo’n thermofiel geïsoleerd uit een modderpoel in een vulkanisch gebied. De modderpoel had niet alleen een hoge temperatuur (55-60ºC), maar was ook nog eens enorm zuur met een pH-waarde van 1! Om in deze omstandigheden te overleven, zijn grote aanpassingen nodig. De mechanistische aanpassingen die nodig zijn om bij die pH te kunnen overleven zijn nog niet helemaal bekend en dit onderzoeken Op den Camp en collega’s dan ook nog. Een lage pH wordt veroorzaakt door een hoge concentratie protonen, ook wel H+. “Normaal wordt een concentratieverschil in protonen gebruikt om ATP (de brandstof van de cel, red.) te genereren, maar in deze bacterie kan dit niet,” aldus professor Op den Camp. Hoe deze bacteriën dan wel ATP genereren is nog niet bekend, maar professor Op en Camp heeft zijn vermoedens. “Waarschijnlijk gebruikt deze bacterie andere ionen, zoals natrium of kalium, om ATP te generen.” Over de aanpassingen aan de hoge temperaturen is meer bekend. Normaal denatureren eiwitten bij deze temperaturen, maar thermofielen maken hun eiwitten extra rigide met behulp van bijvoorbeeld zwavelbruggen. Door deze extra verbindingen is er meer energie en dus een hogere temperatuur nodig om deze eiwitten te ontvouwen.
NIET ALTIJD RAAK
Wetenschappers vinden micro-organismen in de meest extreme omstandigheden, maar soms is hun ontdekking toch minder extreem dan geclaimd. Zo vond NASA in 2010 in een giftig meer de bacterie Halomonadaceae. Dit meer bevatte een hoge concentratie arsenicum en juist een lage concentratie fosfor. Fosfor is een essentieel onderdeel van DNA en NASA claimde dat deze bacterie zijn DNA niet met fosfor, maar met het arsenicum maakte. Deze ontdekking zou een enorme stap zijn geweest in de zoektocht naar buitenaards leven. Helaas bleek de ‘ontdekking’ uiteindelijk veel minder spannend dan gedacht. De bacterie was arsenicum-tolerant, maar gebruikte het zeker niet voor zijn DNA.
Radioactieve straling als energiebron De temperaturen waarbij leven kan bestaan, varieert dus van arctische vrieskou tot vulkanische modder. Dit is een best breed scala aan temperaturen die op veel hemellichamen in het zonnestelsel gevonden kunnen worden. Er zijn echter nog meer vereisten dan een goede temperatuur. Voor leven zijn ook de juiste grondstoffen en energie nodig. Voor de meeste aardbewoners is zonlicht de primaire energiebron. Deze energie wordt vastgelegd met behulp van fotosynthese. Ook zijn er micro-organismen die anorganische stoffen als primaire energiebron gebruiken. Desulforudis audaxviator bewijst dat het nog extremer kan. Deze bacterie is gevonden op 3 kilometer diepte in een mijn in Zuid-Afrika. Op deze diepte vind je geen zonlicht om als energiebron te dienen, maar wat je er wel vindt, is uranium en andere radioactieve stoffen. Voor D. audaxviator is de energie die vrijkomt bij het radioactief verval van uranium de primaire energiebron. De radioactieve straling zorgt ervoor dat er moleculaire waterstof en ander biologisch relevante stoffen gevormd worden die D. audaxviator kan gebruiken.
Interessante theorie De vondst van deze bacterie leidde tot een interessante theorie. Het heelal kent kosmische straling. Deze straling is overal aanwezig en bestaat vooral uit protonen van buiten ons zonnestelsel. Wanneer deze straling in aanraking komt met een atmosfeer ontstaan er meerdere subatomaire deeltjes. Deze deeltjes kunnen, mits ze genoeg energie bevatten, tot diep in de bodem penetreren en dezelfde reacties veroorzaken als de straling van uranium. In theorie zou kosmische straling dus de primaire energiebron voor bepaalde levensvormen kunnen zijn.
“WATER IS EEN ABSOLUTE VEREISTE VOOR LEVEN ZOALS WIJ DAT KENNEN”
Vloeibaar water De temperatuur en de energiebron waarop leven kan bestaan, kunnen dus extreme vormen aannemen, maar zoals gezegd zijn er ook nog de juiste grondstoffen nodig. De belangrijkste grondstof voor leven op aarde is water. Bijna alle belangrijke metabolische omzettingen vereisen water. De reacties voor het maken van eiwitten en suikerketens, fotosynthese en veel andere processen; allemaal vereisen ze water. Daarom wordt er ook zo veel moeite gestoken in de zoektocht naar water op Mars. Hard bewijs dat er vroeger of misschien heden ten dage vloeibaar water op Mars stroomt, is een belangrijke aanwijzing voor de mogelijkheid van buitenaards leven op Mars. In de afgelopen jaren zijn er veel missies naar Mars geweest en dat in het verleden vloeibaar water op Mars heeft bestaan achten de betrokken wetenschappers vrijwel zeker. Meer recent bewijs van onder andere de Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) ondersteunt de hypothese dat er vandaag de dag vloeibaar water op Mars aanwezig is. Met behulp van simulaties hebben onderzoekers van het Planetary Science Institute ook aangetoond dat een waterlichaam van 3 meter diep gedurende een heel Marsjaar gedeeltelijk vloeibaar kan blijven.
Saturnus’ maan Titan.
Afbeelding: NASA / JPL / Space Science Institute.
Methaan? Dat water essentieel is voor leven leidden we af uit de organismen die we kennen. Deze aardbewoners gebruiken allemaal water. Dat is eigenlijk ook niet vreemd voor een planeet waar ongeveer 75% van het oppervlak uit water bestaat. Maar wat als er nou leven kan bestaan dat niet gebaseerd is op water, maar een andere vloeistof? Waar de aarde water heeft, heeft Titan methaan. Titan is een maan van Saturnus en kent meren, zeeën en regen. Alleen bestaan deze uit vloeibaar methaan. Het kookpunt van methaan is -164ºC, dus op Titan is het aardig koud. Wetenschappers aan de Cornell University hebben een heel nieuw theoretisch metabolisme bedacht dat kan plaatsvinden op de koude en methaanrijke planeet. Dit metabolisme is gebaseerd op stikstof in plaats van koolstof. Waar celmembranen bij aardbewoners bestaan uit fosfolipiden bestaan membranen bij deze hypothetische aliens uit organische stikstofverbindingen die kunnen functioneren bij -164ºC. Een groot probleem bij deze lage temperaturen is dat chemische reacties enorm vertragen. “Bij zo’n lage temperaturen (op Titan) vertragen chemische omzettingen enorm en zullen organismen zich dus veel langzamer vermenigvuldigen,” aldus Op den Camp. Dit maakt het bestaan van deze hypothetische organismen echter niet onmogelijk.
Een hydrothermale bron in de Atlantische Oceaan.
Afbeelding: P. Rona / NOAA (via Wikimedia Commons).
Leven op de oceaanbodem Europa, een maan van Jupiter, is een andere interessante kandidaat voor buitenaards leven. In eerste instantie lijkt dit vreemd, want het gehele oppervlak van deze maan is bedekt met metersdik ijs. Wat deze maan interessant maakt, is dat deze maan geologisch actief is. Dit betekent dat onder al dat ijs veel energie vrijkomt. Ook wordt er vermoed dat zich onder de ijslaag een oceaan van vloeibaar water bevindt. We weten dat er op de bodem van de aardse oceanen leven is. Dit leven is zeer anders dan aan het oppervlak. Op deze grote diepte dringt geen licht door en dus vindt er ook geen fotosynthese plaats. Er is dus een andere energiebron nodig. Deze energie komt van hydrothermale bronnen. Bij deze bronnen ontsnapt er een heet mengsel van energierijke inorganische stoffen vanuit de aardkern de oceaan in. Rond deze hydrothermale bronnen ontstaan hele ecosystemen. Er bevinden zich garnalen, kokerwormen, krabben en schelpdieren. Deze kunnen de energie van de hydrothermale bron echter niet zelf gebruiken. Waar bij ons planten de energie vastleggen, doen bij de hydrothermale bronnen micro-organismen dit met behulp van chemosynthese. Deze organismen kunnen energierijke zwavelverbindingen gebruiken voor groei. Deze zwavelverbinding kennen wij beter als het stofje dat de geur van rotte eieren veroorzaakt. Die hydrothermale bronnen op de bodem van de aardse oceanen heeft onderzoekers aan het denken gezet en doen concluderen dat de hierboven genoemde maan Europa dus een interessante kandidaat voor buitenaards leven is. En wel omdat de maan – dankzij zijn geologische activiteit – waarschijnlijk een equivalent van hydrothermale bronnen kent. En de hydrothermale bronnen op de aarde hebben bewezen dat de energie die uit de bronnen komt, leven kan ondersteunen.
Europa, een maan van Jupiter.
Afbeelding: NASA.
De extreme levensvormen op aarde laten wel zien dat leven mogelijk is onder zeer onherbergzame omstandigheden. Vergelijkbare omstandigheden zijn te vinden op meerdere andere locaties in ons zonnestelsel. Het vele onderzoek op Mars laat ook zien dat leven op deze rode planeet in het verleden en misschien zelfs in het heden tot de mogelijkheden behoort door de aanwezigheid van water. Onze first encounter is dan ook waarschijnlijk niet met groene mannetjes, maar met een micro-organisme dat ergens op een onherbergzame planeet wordt opgeschept door een robot. Ziet deze alien er aards uit? Of toch wereldvreemd? Dat laten we voor nu nog in het midden. Misschien gebruikt het water en fosfolipiden net als wij, maar wellicht lijkt het meer op dat theoretische organisme op de bodem van een vloeibaar methaanmeer.
Bas Cartigny (1993) heeft recentelijk zijn studie biotechnologie afgerond aan de Wageningen Universiteit. Gedurende zijn studie heeft hij zich gespecialiseerd in de microbiologie en de moleculaire biologie. Hij heeft dan ook onderzoek gedaan aan de universiteit in deze richting. Zijn onderzoek richtte zich met name op de het bacteriële immuunsysteem CRISPR-Cas, dat ook gebruikt wordt als tool voor genoommodificatie. Ook heeft hij onderzoek verricht naar schimmels en de implementatie van fotosynthese in E. coli.
Bronmateriaal:
Madigan M., Martinko J., Stahl D., Clark D., Brock Biology of Microorganisms 13th edition, 2012 pages 160-168 Atri D., On the posibility of galactic cosmic ray-induced radiolysis-powered life in subsurface environmetns in the Universe, Journal of the Royal Society Vol. 13, issue 123, 2016 Goldspiel, Jules M., Liquid Water Lakes on Mars Under Present-Day Conditions: Sustainability and Effects on the Subsurface, American Astronomical Society 2015 Stevenson J., Lunine J. and Clancy P., Membrane alternatives in worlds without oxygen: Creation of an azotosome, Science Advances Vol. 1, No. 1, 2016 Interview met persoonlijk hoogleraar dr. Huub op den Camp – Afdeling Microbiologie, Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen
The United States needs to find a way to play nice with China and Russia in space even in times when Earthly relations are strained, American military officials urge. The space junk problem — half a million small pieces of debris orbiting the planet at speeds up to 17,500 miles per hour — threatens all space-faring nations and demands a concerted effort.
“We need to be able to operate in space both to advance our state of technology and eventually get the human race off this planet onto another planet,” saidWinston Beauchamp, the deputy undersecretary of the Air Force for space, at a defense summit last week. “We can’t do that if we have to try to fly through a shell of debris.”
Space debris suffers from a classic tragedy of the commons. All countries with satellites or space labs would benefit from cleaning up the mess, but everyone would prefer that someone else do the dirty work.
The space junk is mostly small, but even something the size of a paint chip could threaten a satellite if it hit the wrong spot. Some of it is remnants of defunct satellites, but there’s plenty of natural debris out there as well. It’s difficult to keep track of, and harder to get rid of. Various organizations have suggested blasting it away with laser beams, capturing it with an orbiting waste bin, or pulling it towards Earth so it burns up in the atmosphere.
The Air Force only recently took over operational control of the Space Surveillance Telescope, which tracks orbiting debris, from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. It’s clear the military wants to nip any potential diplomatic issues in the bud.
“There is an erosion of some of the commonly accepted standards and norms, and there’s concern about that as folks around the world have tried to find advantage, find seams,” said Beauchamp. “That’s part of the reason why we want to codify our norms and behavior in space because it is such an important domain, not just for us but for humanity.”
“Everything is about not having a war extend to space,” said Rear Adm. Brian Brown, head of the Navy Space Cadre, at the summit.
Five years ago, the Curiosity rover embarked on a journey to explore one of our closest planetary neighbors, Mars. The intrepid explorer blasted off into space atop a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket on November 26, 2011. After surviving a 253-day journey, and a harrowing seven minutes of terror, the car-sized rover touched down on the red planet’s surface to help scientists uncover clues about the planet’s history. Here’s a look at some of its top discoveries.
1. Meteorites on Mars
Earlier this month, Curiosity surprised scientists when it stumbled upon on interesting find: a small metallic meteorite subsequently dubbed “Egg Rock”. While meteorites on Mars are common, this one’s smooth surface is not. The data collected will provide details about how meteorites are affected when exposed to the Martian environment for long periods of time, which fits with Curiosity’s newest science goal: to investigate how ancient environmental conditions changed over time.
2. Volcanoes Shaped the Landscape
Curiosity data shows that Mars wasn’t always a barren wasteland. In the past, the red planet was geologically active, featuring a host of volcanoes, which gave Mars a major facelift forever changing the surface of the planet.
3. Ancient Lakes on Mars
Curiosity discovered mudstone in Gale Crater which indicates that at some point in its history, a large standing lake existed. This evidence supported an earlier hypothesis that the base of Mars’s Mount Sharp was formed by layers of sediment deposited in a lake. This discovery bolsters the chance that scientists may one day find evidence of life.
Murray Buttes resembles the Grand Canyon here on Earth.
4. Martian Views
Over the years, Curiosity has provided us with a rover-eye-view of the red planet, and as the robotic explorer traversed the Martian surface, we were treated to spectacular views that rivaled what we would find here on Earth — namely the Murray Buttes. These eroded sandstone formation provide intriguing insight into Martian geology, telling a story of how the landscape evolved over time.
5. Mars Once Had an Oxygen-Rich Atmosphere
Mars used to have a lot more oxygen than scientists thought. Curiosity’s ChemCam instrument detected high levels of manganese oxide in rocks that lined the Kimberly region of Gale Crater. This evidence supports the idea that free oxygen once flowed across the Martian surface, during a period when the planet was warmer and its surface was teeming with vast lakes and oceans.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
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by Nigel Watson, courtesy of Haynes Publishing.
