Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 13 YEARS AND 2 MONTH.
ON 06/08/2024 MORE THAN 2.161.100
VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
01-12-2016
The Missing Universe: CERN Has Started Searching for “Dark Photons”
The Missing Universe: CERN Has Started Searching for “Dark Photons”
An overview of the NA64 experimental set-up at CERN. NA64 hunts down dark photons, hypothetic dark matter particles. (Image: Maximilien Brice/CERN)
IN BRIEF
Dark matter seems to outweigh visible matter roughly six to one, making up about 27% of the universe.
Physicists from CERN now believe there's a fifth universal force that rules the behavior of dark matter, and is transmitted by a particle called the dark photon.
A gamma ray image of the Milky Way.
Credit: Tim De Chant/NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration
THE FIFTH FORCE
The universe is shrouded in mystery—a shroud so dark, in fact, that 27 percent of the matter in it is “dark.” Dark matter does not interact with photons and electromagnetic waves, so it’s invisible to our eyes and to every kind of telescope. Basically, it’s the darkness that surrounds every celestial body, and we only know that it’s there because astronomers observe its gravitational pull on everything else.
A working theory is that – in addition to the four fundamental forces that drive the universe: gravity, electromagnetism, and strong and weak nuclear forces – there’s a fifth force that rules the behavior of dark matter. Physicists from CERN now believe that this force is transmitted by a particle called the dark photon.
“To use a metaphor, an otherwise impossible dialogue between two people not speaking the same language (visible and dark matter) can be enabled by a mediator (the dark photon), who understands one language and speaks the other one,” explained Sergei Gninenko of CERN.
The research facility is now launching the NA64 experiment to search for this particle. The equipment focuses a beam of electrons with a known value of initial energy at a detector. Interactions between the electrons and atoms in the detector produce visible photons. If dark photons exist, they will escape the detector and subtract from the initial electron energy, as by the law of conservation of energy.
THE COMPLEX UNIVERSE
There’s a lot of work to be done by physicists in order to prove that dark photons exist. Results of the experiment must be replicable and, if the scientists find it, another round of research will be pursued to prove its relation to dark matter.
CERN is an organization of physicists and engineers that probe the universe in pursuit of understanding its fundamental structure. Discoveries from these studies could validate or totally destroy everything we currently know.
While dark matter may seem very far away from us and our daily lives, understanding all these mysteries is another step toward understanding ourselves and this complex universe we live in.
WHY NASA'S FIRST GOOD LOOK AT MARS ALMOST ENDED ITS EXPLORATION
WHY NASA'S FIRST GOOD LOOK AT MARS ALMOST ENDED ITS EXPLORATION
This Red Planet Day, find out why images from the Mariner 4 spacecraft, which launched 52 years ago, were surprising for all the wrong reasons.
If Cyber Monday doesn’t bring you holiday cheer, then you have another option: November 28 is also Red Planet Day, which commemorates the 1964 launch of the Mariner 4 spacecraft to Mars.
The images sent back to Earth as the probe flew by Mars eight months later provided our first detailed glimpse of the surface of an alien planet. And the data collected by Mariner 4 provided key information about how to safely deliver future missions to the Martian surface.
But, in the short-term, Mariner 4 was a PR disaster for NASA. The grainy, black-and-white images revealed a barren planet pockmarked with craters. It looked no different than the moon.
Nobody had seriously expected images of lush vegetation growing along the banks of water-filled canals. But Mars had captivated the public imagination for centuries. The bleak Mariner 4 images could only disappoint.
“Mars, it now appears, is a desolate world,” declared a July 30, New York Times editorial titled “Dead Planet.” “Its surface bathed in deadly radiation from outer space, it has very little atmosphere and has probably never had large bodies of water such as those in which life developed on this planet.”
Thanks to exploration made possible by the Mariner 4 spacecraft, we now know that Mars, the red planet, may not have always been so red. In fact, 3.5 billion years ago it had an ocean that spanned its entire northern hemisphere! Join astrobiologist and National Geographic Emerging Explorer Brendan Mullan on a trip back to when the solar system first began, and find out why Mars’s ocean disappeared—and how Earth escaped that same fate.
The Times added that these findings refuted a draft report—published three months earlier by the National Academy of Sciences—which had stated, “Given all the evidence presently available, we believe it entirely reasonable that Mars is inhabited with living organisms and that life independently originated there."
Others piled on, including sceptics within the scientific community. Physicist Philip Abelson said that Mariner 4 provided evidence that it is “unlikely that organic chemicals are being formed on Mars or have been synthesised there in the past.” Even President Lyndon B. Johnson weighed in, saying that “life as we know it with its humanity is more unique than many have thought.”
But for scientists who endorsed the exploration of Mars, the Mariner 4 had been a tremendous success—and they bristled at the premature conclusions drawn from the initial images of the red planet.
Although the National Academy of Sciences had said it was reasonable for Mars to host living organisms, it also cautioned that those life-forms would almost certainly be microbes, which would be impossible to detect without landing on the surface.
And, as the NASA History Office explains, “The spacecraft had, after all, imaged only 1 percent of Mars at resolution so low that, had it photographed Earth, scientists examining its pictures would likely have missed all signs of terrestrial life.”
Still, NASA had been selling the public on the idea that exploring Mars promised the possibility of finding the first evidence of extraterrestrial life. The initial, bleak images of the red planet made that a harder sell. In 1967, the U.S. Congress—already frustrated by the escalating costs of the Apollo program and the Vietnam War—cut $30 million from the program to land a spacecraft on Mars.
The cuts, though, didn’t end the program. Other Mariner spacecraft would be sent to Mars over the next few years. And, in 1976, NASA finally landed the Viking spacecraft on the red planet’s surface. But, the apparent failure of the lander to detect even microbes was another deep blow to public enthusiasm for exploring the red planet.
“Since Mars offered by far the most promising habitat for extraterrestrial life in the solar system, it is now virtually certain that the Earth is the only life-bearing planet in our region of the galaxy,” said Norman Horowitz, one of Viking’s principal scientists. “We have awakened from a dream.”
Mars had captivated the public imagination for centuries. The bleak Mariner 4 images—showing a barren planet pockmarked with craters—could only disappoint. PHOTOGRAPH BY NASA
But the search for life on Mars and other worlds would regain its place in the public’s imagination 20 years later. On August 7, 1996, NASA geologists held a press conference to announce the discovery of microscopic fossils in a meteorite that had originated from Mars. The widely published electron microscopic imagery of the meteorite revealed wormlike shapes that looked organic, even if scientists later concluded otherwise.
And, a week after the Mars meteorite press conference, NASA released stunning new images of Jupiter’s moon Europa taken by the Galileo spacecraft, indicating that liquid water existed beneath its cracked icy crust.
It was a testament to the power of imagery. Three decades earlier, the dull black-and-white images taken by the Mariner 4 spacecraft had prompted the New York Times to write off Mars as a “dead planet.” Now, high-resolution images of Europa and the Mars meteorite offered the tantalising prospect of finding life on other worlds—prompting media outlets such as the New York Times to announce that the U.S. was on the verge of “A Revived Hunt for Otherworldly Organisms.”
And it was all made possible by the initial success of the Mariner 4.
Wetenschappers: Tijdreizigers kunnen parallelle universa gebruiken om het verleden te bezoeken
Wetenschappers: Tijdreizigers kunnen parallelle universa gebruiken om het verleden te bezoeken
Er bestaan meerdere tijdlijnen in parallelle universa, zo stelt een team onderzoekers. Die parallelle universa kunnen elkaar volgens natuurkundigen beïnvloeden, schrijft The Sun.
Professor Howard Wiseman en dr. Michael Hall van de Griffith University in Australië claimen dat parallelle universa geen sciencefiction zijn.
Als er meerdere universa zijn, is het voor tijdreizigers mogelijk om de aarde te bezoeken. Elk denkbaar scenario zou worden uitgespeeld in een parallel universum.
Vertakt
Professor Wiseman wees erop dat er al sinds 1957 onderzoek wordt gedaan naar parallelle universa.
“In de bekende veel-werelden-interpretatie vertakt elk universum zich elke keer als er een kwantummeting wordt gedaan in een aantal nieuwe universa,” zei hij.
“Alle mogelijkheden worden om die reden gerealiseerd,” voegde hij toe. “In sommige universa miste de asteroïde die de dinosaurussen uitroeide de aarde. In andere werd Australië gekoloniseerd door de Portugezen.”
Heel anders
Critici twijfelen aan het bestaan van andere universa omdat ze ons universum niet beïnvloeden, aldus Wiseman.
Hij legde uit dat de veel-werelden-interpretatie in dit opzicht heel anders is.
Volgens de theorie is ons universum slechts één van de vele enorme werelden, waarvan sommige identiek zijn aan onze realiteit en andere geheel anders.
Niet in strijd
De Daily Express schrijft dat deze werelden allemaal echt zijn en dezelfde tijdlijn volgen, maar ook met elkaar interacteren als ze tegen elkaar aan botsen.
Dr. Hall stelt dat de theorie niet in strijd is met de huidige stand van de wetenschap.
Afgelopen maand claimden onderzoekers nog dat mensen een ziel hebben die na de dood blijft voortbestaan.
A team of researchers has made a controversial claim that challenges the conventional knowledge of space and time.
According to Howard Wiseman, from Griffith University's Center for Quantum Dynamics, and colleagues, there are parallel universes with multiple timelines. If this theory, which was presented in a paper published in the journal Physical Review X, is correct, time travel would be a possibility.
Many Worlds Interpretation
The idea is based on the Many Worlds interpretation theory in quantum mechanics, which has been around since 1957. It posits that each universe branches out to a new universe once a quantum measurement is made. The theory was formulated by Hugh Everett but Bryce Seligman DeWitt popularized it in the 60s and 70s dubbing it "many worlds."
Time Travel Possible With Multiple Universes
If there are indeed multiple universes that interact with each other, it would make time travel possible. It also means that every imaginable scenario is possible in a parallel universe at some point such that in some universes, the asteroid that killed the dinosaurs missed the Earth and Texas could be a sovereign nation and not a part of the United States.
If the theory of parallel universes with multiple timelines is correct, time travel would be a possibility. The idea could mean that in some universes, the asteroid that killed the dinosaurs missed Earth. ( Alexander Gerst / ESA via Getty Images )
Governed By The Same Law Of Physics
The researchers who proposed the new theory explained that parallel universes are governed by the same laws of physics with the particles in the individual universe giving a subtle push against those in other universes, which can explain the quantum weirdness experienced in our universe.
Wiseman said that the best way to describe parallel universes is to consider them as ghost universes that exist in the same space as the universe that we know of. These universes, however, are invisible since they interact with our universe under strict conditions.
Wiseman explained that the interactions between the universes are very minute and use a force that interacts between similar particles in each of the universes. This explains why we cannot feel or notice them albeit these are enough to provide explanation for quantum mechanics.
The researchers mathematically demonstrated the theory using the classic double slit theory where individual photons are each fired at different times at a screen that served as a detector. There is black material with two slits in it that absorbs the photons and is placed between the screen and the source.
If photons are mere particles, the researchers said they will spread evenly in space but instead, they piled up together in strips with a particular pattern. The same thing would occur if the photons would pass through both of the slits as a wave, providing evidence that the photon is both a wave and a particle.
FILM of a bright, mystery object over Torquay harbourside on Tuesday night was recorded as the internet across the world went into panic mode about UFOs.
Herald Express reader Mike Collins and his wife Erich were walking around the harbour towards the Pavilion Marina car park at just after 5pm when they spotted the strange, eliptical shape hovering.
They watched the light for about 10 minutes before Mike realised he should film it.
Later Mike discovered from his daughter that his film was one of thousands across the world being shared on social media, starting on Sunday night with the Twitter hashtag #ufoattacktoturkey which became the number one trending subject.
"I went to bed really spooked," Mike said. "People may laugh but I know what I saw.
Although he says the zoomed-in video is shaky, he is clear that it was not a helicopter, Chinese lantern or light aircraft.
"My only regret is that I didn't film it sooner. It was much brighter to start with and we kept walking towards it but it didn't move. I saw a light aircraft with red lights fly under and that was much, much smaller. By the time I got to the Marina car park and decided to film it the lights were much much dimmer."
Mike said: "We had been Christmas shopping and were walking from Debenhams to Marine Car Park.
"We were just coming up to The Offshore Pub at around 5.10 to 5.15pm.
"My wife and I spotted this very, very bright light that just stayed stationary - although my video is a little shaky where I zoomed in -but I know what I saw wasn't an helicopter (totally no noise) and certainly not a Chinese Lantern (was stationary).
"It seemed brighter to start with and seemed elliptical shape!
"One of my Daughters then sent me a link on Facebook about multiple UFO sightings in Turkey on 28 November which I found a little worrying!.
"I wonder how many other people saw it. One of my friends on Facebook said he saw something but thought it must have been a helicopter."
It happened the day after social media all over the world went into panic mode with similar videos of lights being spotted over Turkey on November 27. The sightings were feared to be either an invasionary force or a fleet of UFOs.
Hundreds of people shared pictures and videos and soon the news was followed by similar sightings in Denver and Texas, and then in Canada and Mexico and the Twitter hashtag "#ufoattacktoturkey" quickly became the number one global trending topic.
A video posted by UFO hunters secureteam10 was seen hundreds of thousands of times.
One user, Eren Dogan uploaded a video of the UFO sighting that was followed by a loud bang.
Another YouTube user, 1 Mn görüntülenme, uploaded a video and wrote: "Alright, I'm trying to zoom in to show you now. It is November 28, 2016, Sunday night. It's around 2:20 a.m. right now. The object you're seeing is in the skies of Esenler (Istanbul). I'm recording it right now. Many people like me have crowded here. We've informed the authorities and they've told us they're dealing with the situation. It is a yellow object. We suspect it's a UFO. It gives off a light and is in motion. Right now it's stationary actually but it moves position every few minutes. Very interesting."
One Tweeter commented: "So many photos being posted! Very compelling stuff!"
A second wrote: "Objects are seen in all cities of Turkey, UFO invasion in Turkey!"
Another added: "What is this? Is it really UFO? I am so afraid. I hope this is a joke."
While the strange lights were not given any official confirmation, many people suggested that the lights might be drones.
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FOI request for reports of pilot UFO sightings over Runcorn and Widnes turned down
FOI request for reports of pilot UFO sightings over Runcorn and Widnes turned down
CAA 'neither confirms nor denies' existence of unidentified aerial phenomena reports but hints that requests on safety grounds may be considered
BY OLIVER CLAY
The CAA will neither confirm nor deny whether it has reports on UAP sightings in airspace above Halton and surrounding areas filed under the Mandatory Occurrence Reporting Scheme.
(Photo: Getty)
Air regulator the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) has remained tight-lipped over whether it has any reports of pilot sightings of unidentified flying objects (UFO) and unidentified aerial phenomena (UAP) over Runcorn and Widnes and surrounding areas.
The CAA said it could ‘neither confirm nor deny’ whether it held such data in reply to a Freedom Of Information Act (FOIA) request.
In its response, the authority said any reports of that type would be filed under the Mandatory Occurrence Reporting Scheme (MORS), which requires aviators to provide details of any safety-related event which, if not corrected or addressed, could endanger an aircraft, its occupants or anyone else.
Rihanne Stephen, CAA information rights officer, said it was possible for requests for information on safety grounds to be made.
The MORS scheme is covered by European Union regulation 376/2014 and the CAA said confidentiality was the main factor for exemption from FOI.
Mrs Stephen said: “The civil aviation safety system is established on the basis of feedback and lessons learned from accidents and incidents.
“Occurrence reporting and the use of occurrence information for the improvement of safety depend on a relationship of trust between the reporter and the entity in charge of the collection and assessment of the information.
“This requires strict application of rules on confidentiality.
“The purpose of protecting safety information from inappropriate use, and of limiting access to occurrence information solely to interested parties participating in the improvement of civil aviation safety, is to ensure the continuing availability of safety information so that appropriate and timely preventive action can be taken and aviation safety improved.
“The regulation requires that appropriate measures are put in place to ensure that information collected through occurrence reporting schemes is kept confidential, and that the information should be used strictly for the purpose of maintaining or improving aviation safety and should not be used to attribute blame or liability.”
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Is there an ancient civilisation on Mars? UFO hunters claim to have found 'walled cities' in Nasa images
Is there an ancient civilisation on Mars? UFO hunters claim to have found 'walled cities' in Nasa images
Video shows series of aerial images of Elysium Planitia near Mars' equator
The video title is 'Nasa Spots Walled Cities on Mars from MRO Satellite'
Other Nasa images also show the plain was once a highly volcanic region
This means there was lots of opportunity for the surface to be remoulded and reshaped, suggesting the 'walled cities' are natural formations on Mars
Conspiracy theorists claim to have found evidence of 'ancient walled cities' on Mars in their latest bizarre theory.
The United Family of Anomaly Hunters, a group of UFO hunters, presented the evidence in a YouTube video.
The video shows a series of aerial Nasa pictures of Elysium Planitia is a plain near the Martian equator.
Scroll down for video
The video shows a series of aerial Nasa pictures of Elysium Planitia - a plain near the Martian equator. MRO image of Elysium Planitia, pictured, with the strangely shaped structures in view
ELYSIUM PLANITIA
Elysium Planitia is a plain near the Martian equator.
Previously, ESA has released an image of the plain, showing what looks like a dust-covered frozen sea.
Nasa images also show the plain was once a highly volcanic region, meaning there was lots of opportunity for the surface to be remoulded and reshaped
The images show a number of aerial views, some of which look like eroded domes that could be surrounded by virtually circular rings.
The ring and cone structures were spotted on Elysium Planitia, a plain near the Martian equator.
The title of the video, 'Nasa Spots Walled Cities on Mars from MRO Satellite', implies Nasa has claimed these structures are walled cities.
The video has been met with mixed reaction - some firmly believed the structures show signs of life.
'There are structures similar to these all over certain areas in South Africa,' one user said.
'I firmly believe Mars still has some remnants of it's civilisation living underground,' said another.
While others put it down to natural geological processes.
The images show a number of aerial views, some of which look like eroded domes that could be surrounded by virtually circular rings
The title of the video, 'NASA Spots Walled Cities on Mars from MRO Satellite', implies Nasa has claimed these structures are walled cities, but Nasa has not claimed this
Mars is now a frozen desert, but geological studies of rocks by previous missions to the surface have suggested the planet used to be warmer and wetter. Elysium Planitia is a plain near the Martian equator
'You should change your channel's name to "Martian Geology," because that's what were actually looking at,' one commenter said.
The images were taken by Nasa's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO).
The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has been circling the red planet, capturing pictures using its High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera, since 2006.
NASA satellite images show incredible walled cities on Mars
The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has been circling the red planet, capturing pictures using its High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera, since 2006. Artist's impression pictured
Mars is now a frozen desert, but geological studies of rocks by previous missions to the surface have suggested the planet used to be warmer and wetter.
Elysium Planitia is a plain near the Martian equator.
Previously, ESA has released an image of the plain, showing what looks like a dust-covered frozen sea.
Nasa images also show the plain was once a highly volcanic region, meaning there was lots of opportunity for the surface to be remoulded and reshaped.
BELIEVE IN CONSPIRACY THEORIES? YOU'RE PROBABLY A NARCISSIST
People who doubt the moon landings are more likely to be selfish and attention-seeking, according to a study earlier this year.
Over the course of three online-based studies, researchers at the University of Kent showed strong links between the belief in conspiracy theories and negative psychological traits.
In the first study, a total of 202 participants completed questionnaires on conspiracy beliefs, asking how strongly they agreed with specific statements, such as whether governments carried out acts of terrorism on their own soil.
Alongside this, they were asked to complete a narcissist scale and a self-esteem assessment.
The results showed that those people who rated highly on the narcissism scale and who had low self-esteem were more likely to be conspiracy believers.
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VIDEO: UFO-jagers claimen ‘ommuurde steden’ te hebben gevonden op Mars
VIDEO: UFO-jagers claimen ‘ommuurde steden’ te hebben gevonden op Mars
Complottheoretici claimen bewijs te hebben gevonden voor ‘oude ommuurde steden’ op Mars, schrijft de Daily Mail.
De United Family of Anomaly Hunters, een groep UFO-jagers, heeft het ‘bewijs’ gepresenteerd in een YouTube-video.
In het filmpje is een aantal luchtfoto’s te zien die van Elysium Planitia, een vlakte bij de evenaar van de planeet, zijn gemaakt.
Gemengde reacties
De foto’s tonen een aantal geërodeerde koepels en cirkels. De titel van de video suggereert dat NASA heeft geclaimd dat deze structuren ommuurde steden zijn.
De video heeft gemengde reacties opgeleverd. Sommigen zijn ervan overtuigd dat de structuren bewijs zijn voor leven op de rode planeet.
“In delen van Zuid-Afrika worden soortgelijke structuren gevonden,” merkte iemand op.
Ondergrondse beschaving
“Ik ben er heilig van overtuigd dat Mars een ondergrondse beschaving herbergt,” zei een ander.
Anderen zijn van mening dat de structuren zijn ontstaan door geologische processen.
“Je moet de naam van je kanaal veranderen in ‘Martiaanse Geologie’, want dat is wat je hier ziet,” zei iemand.
Stromend water
De foto’s zijn gemaakt door de Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter van de NASA, die sinds 2006 rond de planeet draait.
Afgelopen jaar vonden wetenschappers bewijs voor stromend water op Mars. Uit nieuwe observaties bleek dat er stromend zout water voorkomt op de rode planeet.
NASA heeft ontdekt dat Mars vroeger sterk op de aarde leek. Er was een grote oceaan, zout water en vermoedelijk ook sneeuw.
Chinese astronaut Yang Liwei said that he had heard a mysterious knock during his flight in space, China Central Television reported.
Chinese astronaut Yang Liwei sits in the module of Shenzhen 5 spaceship.
[Photo/China.org.cn]
Yang, born in June 1965 in northeastern Liaoning Province, is China's first astronaut and now a major general. On Oct. 16, 2003, he stepped out of his re-entry module after a 21-hour flying in space, making him the 241st human being worldwide to visit outer space.
When he recalled his experience in space during a recent interview, he said, "A non-causal situation I have met in space is a knock that appeared from time to time."
He explained that the sound suddenly appeared without any rhyme or reason. "It neither came from outside nor inside the spaceship, but sounded like someone is knocking the body of the spaceship just as knocking an iron bucket with a wooden hammer," Yang said.
Yang said he was very nervous when he heard the sound, and moved close to the porthole to try to find out the cause. However, nothing out of the ordinary appeared both inside and outside.
After returning to earth, he told technicians about the mysterious sound, and tried to imitate it with some instruments, so as to solve the mystery. But Yang said he had never heard the exact sound again.
The sound has also been heard by Shenzhou 6 and Shenzhou 7 astronauts. Yang said, "Before entering space, I have told them that the sound is a normal phenomenon, so there is no need to worry."
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Chinese astronaut hoort mysterieus kloppend geluid op ruimteschip
Chinese astronaut hoort mysterieus kloppend geluid op ruimteschip
De Chinese astronaut Yang Liwei zei dat hij tijdens zijn ruimtereis een mysterieus kloppend geluid heeft gehoord. Dat meldt China Central Television (CCTV).
Yang, die in juni 1965 werd geboren in de noordoostelijke Chinese provincie Liaoning, was de eerste Chinees in de ruimte.
Op 16 oktober 2003 verbleef hij 21 uur in de ruimte. Tijdens een recent interview zei hij dat hij tijdens zijn reis van tijd tot tijd een vreemd kloppend geluid hoorde.
Tevergeefs
Het geluid kwam uit het niets. “Het klonk alsof iemand op de romp van het ruimteschip klopte,” zei Yang. “Net of er met een houten hamer op een ijzeren emmer werd geslagen.”
Hij zei dat hij erg nerveus werd toen hij het geluid hoorde en probeerde te achterhalen waar het vandaan kwam.
Eenmaal terug op aarde vertelde hij technici over het mysterieuze geluid. Hij probeerde het tevergeefs na te bootsen met instrumenten.
Rare muziek
Het geluid is ook gehoord door astronauten die aan boord waren van Shenzhou 6 en Shenzhou 7.
“Voordat ze de ruimte in gingen, zei ik tegen ze dat ze zich geen zorgen hoefden te maken over het geluid,” aldus Yang.
Astronauten van Apollo 10 hoorden tijdens een reis rond de maan in 1969 naar eigen zeggen vreemde geluiden die ze in hun onderlinge gesprekken omschreven als ‘rare muziek’.
Speculeren
Een andere astronaut beschreef het als een fluitend geluid en verbond daar de conclusie aan dat het door iets buitenaards gemaakt werd.
Normaal gesproken is het zo goed als stil in de ruimte, omdat geluid zich niet kan voortplanten in een vacuüm.
Experts zeggen tegen de BBC niets anders te kunnen doen dan speculeren.
Een aantal Russische wetenschappers verklaarde jaren geleden al dat er veel meer UFO activiteit rondom onze zon plaatsvindt dan wij voor mogelijk houden.
Die UFO’s zijn voor ons uiteraard met het blote oog niet te zien, maar ze vertonen zich wel degelijk op de SOHO telescoopbeelden van NASA.
Ongeveer tien jaar geleden verklaarden twee Russische wetenschappers dat ze hadden ontdekt dat er op ieder gegeven moment zich honderden UFO’s ophouden in de buurt van onze zon.
Dat niet alleen, maar ook dat ze hun snelheid kunnen verhogen of verlagen zonder aanwijsbare reden en dat ze een rechthoekige draai kunnen maken met onvoorstelbare snelheden, iets dat voor een normaal ruimteschip onmogelijk zou zijn. Zeker voor de waargenomen ruimteschepen die minstens zo groot zijn als onze maan.
Door de jaren heen zijn er telkens nieuwe waarnemingen geweest, waarbij het lijkt alsof deze enorme UFO’s energie uit de zon tanken.
Nu duikt er weer een opname op van een UFO die als het ware lijkt weg te schieten van de zon.
De bekende Youtube gebruiker Streetcap1 zegt dat hij eigenlijk niet gelooft in de UFO/zon plasma/energie theorie, maar dat deze beelden hem toch aan het denken hebben gezet.
Op ieder gewenst moment van de dag is er eigenlijk wel wat te zien rondom de zon op de SOHO beelden van NASA.
Het volgende voorbeeld is gemaakt door Scott Waring van Ufo Sightings Daily voor wie iedere pixelafwijking in het beeld een UFO is, maar waar ook inderdaad recht boven de zon en rechtsonder vreemde objecten zijn te zien.
Er wordt op dit moment veel gesproken over een mogelijke nep buitenaardse invasie op aarde. Een soort holografisch spel door de elite, waarbij het lijkt alsof er een buitenaardse invasiemacht naar de aarde is gekomen om ons te koloniseren. Het idee erachter is dan om de al zo lang gewenste wereldregering te activeren, waarbij de mensheid als één geheel weerstand zal bieden tegen de indringers.
Echter, de activiteiten van vreemde objecten in de buurt van de zon heeft naar alle waarschijnlijkheid niets te maken met iets dat door mensenhanden is gemaakt, maar alles met buitenaardse beschavingen.
En omdat toeval niet bestaat, hebben we ook deze week weer een voorval van een grote UFO bij de zon die net als die in 2012 energie schijnt te tanken.
De opname lijkt in eerste instantie op een soort donkere planeet, gedeeltelijk verborgen achter de zon. Maar, even later is net zoals bij de vreemde grote UFO uit 2012 een soort slang te zien.
Iets dat lijkt op de verbinding tussen de UFO en de zon waarmee het mogelijk de nodige energie tankt.
Maar, NASA is ook dat soort opnames zat en dus gebeurt het volgende: De afbeelding hierna is vorig jaar genomen en afkomstig van één van de ruimtetelescopen van NASA en daarop zie je rechtsboven bij de zon een enorme driehoekige UFO.
Een dag later ziet hetzelfde beeld er als volgt uit. Er is door NASA een keurig plakkertje over de UFO geplaatst en niemand die nog wat ziet.
En dan gebeurt er nog iets enkele dagen geleden. Wederom is er op een foto van de NASA ruimtetelescopen iets opmerkelijks te zien, vlakbij de zon.
De beelden zien er als volgt uit:
Deze ontdekking is gedaan door Scott Waring, die zegt dat hij vaker dit soort grote vierkante ufo’s heeft ontdekt vlakbij de zon.
Waar het echter veel meer op lijkt, is dat we hier weer te maken hebben met één van de vele NASA plakkers en dat de echte UFO ergens daaronder zit verborgen.
Ook hier zie je weer zoals op eerdere afbeeldingen dat ook deze UFO als het ware energie opzuigt uit de zon.
Het bovenstaande wordt uitgebreid behandeld in onderstaande video van Secure Team, met daarnaast nog een aantal andere zeer interessante en mysterieuze zaken.
Ultra-diffuse galaxies are as faint as dwarf galaxies, but spread over an area the size of the Milky Way — with about 1/1000th the number of stars. A new simulation suggests many supernovas at the beginning of a galaxy's life can push the stars and dark matter outward to a great size. Two simulated ultra-diffuse galaxies are pictured here on top of a Hubble Space Telescope image of background galaxies.
Credit: Arianna Di Cintio, Chris Brook, NIHAO simulations and Hubble Space Telescope
Like ghosts, ultra-diffuse galaxies often float undetected in the night sky — stretching the size of the Milky Way, but containing only a dwarf galaxy's worth of stars. Now, a new simulation suggests their explosive origins, and hints that there may be many more than seen so far.
Researchers uncovered the first ultra-diffuse galaxy in 2015, and were puzzled by how the faint galaxy came to have such a large size with so few stars. Since then, they've spotted many more with the most sensitive telescopes, mostly in large clusters of many galaxies. But this new research suggests that internal dynamics in a forming galaxy, rather than processes happening within clusters, can blow a dwarf up to enormous, spread-out size — and thus they may pepper the universe even far from large clusters, hiding in plain sight because of their faintness.
The ultra-diffuse galaxy Dragonfly 17, shown in comparison to the large Andromeda galaxy and the elliptical dwarf galaxy NGC 205.
Credit: Schoening/Harvey/vanDokkum/Hubble Space Telescope
An international collaboration called NIHAO — the Numerical Investigation of a Hundred Astronomical Objects — simulated the formation of 100 galaxies in extreme detail, tracking the way gases, forming stars and dark matterinteracted within the systems. Within that 100, they found some that matched the profile of the newly discovered ultra-diffuse galaxies. So they worked backward to discern what had caused them — not big galaxies failing and growing faint, but dwarf galaxies stretched to an extraordinary size. [Galactic Evolution: How Galaxies are Classified by Type (Infographic)]
"Once stars explode supernovae, they release a lot of energy into the surrounding gas, and this gas can be expelled really, really fast," Arianna di Cintio, a researcher at University of Copenhagen's DARK Cosmology Center and lead author on the new work, told Space.com. If dwarf galaxies experience enough of these supernovas early on in their lives, she said, the galaxy can balloon outwards, borne on the outflows of gas.
"Basically, the dark-matter particles start flying outwards from the center of the galaxy, and this process happens for the stars as well," di Cintio said. "At the end of the day, you form a galaxy which has few stars, so it's a dwarf galaxy, but the stars have spread over a large, large surface — something similar to the Milky Way."
Thus, the galaxies' few million stars puff up to fill a space that could ordinarily host about 1,000 times that number.
This video from NIHAO (PI A.V. Macciò, NYUAD) shows a simulation of an ultra-diffuse galaxy's formation, depicting the fountains of gas launching out of the galaxy.
It's easier to find ultra-diffuse galaxies in big galaxy clusters because that's where the most powerful telescopes set their sights — for instance, the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan's Subaru telescope found 854 of them in the Coma Cluster, according to a statement by the university's Niels Bohr Institute. Just a few have been found so far floating on their own, di Cintio said.
The fact that the simulation created these familiar — albeit mysterious — structures is "a very, very nice confirmation of what we think is there — the current cosmological model," di Cintio said. "This effect of expansion of dark matter and stars, we knew that it existed for a few years, [but] no one connected it yet to ultra-diffuse galaxies because they weren't observed yet."
Some of the 854 ultra-diffuse galaxies found by the Subaru Telescope in the Coma galaxy cluster, about 300 million light-years away. Three hundred and thirty-two of them are Milky Way-size.
Credit: NAOJ
Di Cintio said the next steps are to try and verify more ultra-diffuse galaxies living on their own, outside of big clusters, and to measure their mass — potentially through gravitational lensing — to help verify that they're really dwarf-galaxy-mass. In general, further research will help researchers discover extremely faint, low-surface-brightness galaxies that may lurk in our telescopes' fields of view.
"So far, we were blind, in a certain sense, to these low-surface-brightness and ultra-diffuse galaxies," di Cintio said. "We may be looking around and finding thousands of galaxies that we didn't even think about yet."
The new work was detailed Nov. 29 in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
Massive 'Baby' Stars Are Born with Cosmic Fireworks
Massive 'Baby' Stars Are Born with Cosmic Fireworks
By Nola Taylor Redd, Space.com Contributor
An artist's impression of an accretion burst around one of the universe's most massive stars. The bursts suggest that the large stars form along the same lines as their smaller siblings.
Credit: Deutsches SOFIA Institut (DSI)
The universe celebrates the birth of massive stars with cosmic fireworks, just as it does with its smaller siblings, a new study shows.
Stars the size of the sun produce outbursts as they interact with the disk of material around them, but larger stars shine so brightly that scientists thought their disks would burn away quickly. For the first time, astronomers have spotted periodic explosions in the material surrounding a massive star as it swallows a planet-size clump of gas from its disk, suggesting that these giant stars form the same way as their smaller counterparts.
"These outbursts, which are several orders of magnitude larger than their lower-mass siblings, can release about as much energy as our sun delivers in over 100,000 years," Alessio Caratti o Garatti, an astronomer at the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies in Ireland, said in a statement. Caratti o Garatti led a team that made observations from multiple instruments to study a massive young star. [The Biggest Star Mysteries Ever]
"Surprisingly, the fireworks are observed not just at the end of the lives of massive stars, as supernovae, but also at their birth!" he said.
A time-lapse movie
Stars form as gravity draws gas and dust together in space. For stars like the sun, the material flattens into an accretion disk, falling into the center, where the star is born. But the higher radiation produced by the largest stars, which can weigh more than 100 times the mass of the sun, was thought to burn away the disk around it, keeping material from falling inward and requiring another path to their birth.
Using the Gemini North telescope in Hawaii, the European Southern Observatory in Chile, the Calar Alto Observatory in Spain and the California-based SOFIA Observatory, which is mounted on an airplane, the astronomers spotted explosive outbursts in the disk surrounding a massive star about 6,000 light-years from the sun. As the star swallowed an enormous gob of gas about twice as massive as Jupiter, it released bursts of energy revealed as a bright flare-up around the star. According to the researchers, the fireworks suggest that the material survived the destructive radiation previously thought to obliterate it to fall onto the large stars, echoing the process followed by smaller stellar objects.
"How accretion disks can survive around these massive stars is still a mystery," Caratti o Garatti said in the statement.
The disk that produces the fireworks makes star birth challenging to spot because the dense material lies between Earth and the star. Infrared telescopes such as Gemini can pierce through the cloud to spot what's happening at the center. Unlike their smaller siblings, the largest stars lie farther away from the sun, adding to the difficulty. And, compared to stars like the sun, the birth of massive stars is brief, lasting only about 100,000 years, according to Caratti o Garatti. In contrast, smaller stars like the sun can take hundreds of times longer to form.
"When we study the formation of higher-mass stars, it's like watching a time-lapse movie when compared to less-massive stars," Caratti o Garatti said. "Although the process for massive stars is fast and furious, it still takes tens of thousands of years."
Previous studies suggested that outbursts around other stars last only a few years. The team estimated that the burst they studied started about 16 months ago, and it is continuing to release energy weakly today, they said.
"While this research presents the strongest case yet for similar formation processes for low- and high-mass stars, there is still a lot to understand — especially whether planets can form in the same way around stars at both ends of the mass spectrum," team member Bringfried Stecklum, an astronomer at the Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg in Germany, said in the statement.
The suncould be the star of some interstellar Clearasil commercial right now, because there’s barely a spot on it. According to NASA, our nearest star is looking so fresh and clean because it hit its lowest level of solar activity since 2011 — almost exactly five years ago.
On Monday, NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory posted a video of our squeaky-clean sun, and explained that it was on its way to solar minimum, a time in the sun’s roughly 11-year solar cycle when there are almost no sunspots. NASA describes it as a “pendulum-like pattern,” and notes that there have been very, very few sunspots over the past “several days.”
The last time the sun was this spotless was in 2011 in mid-November, during a stretch that lasted from the 14th to the 18th. A few years after that, the sun reached its most-recent peak of solar activity in early 2014.
NASA says the number of sunspots — normal, temporary blemishes on the star’s surface as a result of reduced surface temperature in that area — has been declining faster than they expected, though it doesn’t appear that the quicker rate will move up the solar cycle timeline. The sun is still expected to hit its true solar minimum in 2021.
The Sun is lookin' good.
Just because the sun is spot-free now, and headed towards an even cleaner future, doesn’t mean there won’t be some sunspot breakouts before then. In fact, they might be sprouting up with a vengeance. “No doubt more and larger sunspots will inevitably appear, but we’ll just have to wait and see,” NASA wrote in its blog post.
When T.S. Eliot wrote that, he was considering the end of WWI and the dissolution of his marriage and the Treaty of Versailles, he was not (consciously at least) contemplating physics-based simulator. But he almost certainly would have been enamored of the visual poetry that Universe Sandbox2puts on offer. It’s a worlds-building game, an attempt to take the Sim genre to its logical conclusion, but it’s also a way to craft a personal vision for theend of Earth. And it is a profound reminder that we exist at the mercy of larger forces.
“This is the way the world ends/Not with a bang but a whimper.”
The lifelike simulator allows users to inject carbon dioxide into Mars’ atmosphere to try to make life or reenact the Big Bang, or, and this feels so inevitable, crash shit into Earth to see what happens.
To describe the simulated destruction of Earth as satisfying is to undersell the delight of a child with a magnifying glass and some plastic soldiers. Or a skilled Mortal Kombatant given the go ahead to “Finish Him.” Here’s how it might go down if it was me, not God (or whatever), in charge….
Despite being extremely unlikely, the scenario that immediately springs to mindis the collision of Earth and the Moon. It’s a visit that would not end well for humanity.
Beyond being immediately catastrophic, the collision would fundamentally alter the earth’s rotation, as this GIF demonstrates. Consequently, every extant ecosystem would have its weather changed. Time, indeed, might run backwards. (Sure, but would broken coffee cups come back together?)
Roughly 17 hours from impact, the release of energy from impact has increased Earth’s surface temperature to 1657 degrees Celsius, according to the physics simulator (which allows you to track surface conditions of your experiments, including atmospheric measurements).
Earth’s a goner….
A similar possibility: Mars gets hit and pieces from that detonation rocket into Earth’s atmosphere….
Predictably, this is no better a scenario for Earth’s chances than contact by the Moon. Surface temperature of the Earth about 12 hours after impact is actually hotter, 2205 degrees Fahrenheit, and the result doesn’t look much more liveable than the post-Moon impact world.
Fortunately, that’s still pretty unlikely.
The luminosity of the Sun is a function of both its size (measured by radius) and the surface temperature. Astronomers suppose the Sun’s luminosity will increase by 1% every 100 million years.
A projection of the Earth after 1.5 billion years have passed and the Sun’s luminosity has increased by 15% shows things already getting hot:
The most widely-agreed-upon endpoint for Earth as a life-sustaining force (all other disaster scenarios notwithstanding) is the increasing luminosity of the Sun, which is expected to make Earth so hot as to be entirely unlivable in three billion years.
An analysis of the Earth at this point reveals a surface temperature of 101.9 degrees celsius, or just past the boiling point of water — consistent with projections that one of the first things to disappear from late-stage Earth will be the oceans.
The surface temperature of the earth has more than tripled, to 376 degrees Celsius—according to the simulation—while the Sun’s radius has expanded from the current 696,300 km to 702,020 km. This is consistent with predictions that at the three billion year point, Earth’s temperature will resemble Venus’s (with a present temperature of 462 degrees celsius)….
Another well-known end times prediction from scientists states that our galaxy, the Milky Way, and the nearest galaxy, Andromeda, will collide in about 4 billion years.
Supposing that we’ve already found a way to get off the burning rock Earth will have become and colonize Mars or a planet further on, scientists speculate that the merging galaxies will make life difficult by ejecting our Solar System into outer space or, at minimum, moving us further from the galactic core.
The goods news is that we probably won’t hit anything. Scientists actually expect this interaction to feature few real collisions because the amount of space between celestial bodies is vast. Still, things get iffy when supermassive black holes are in play.
Universe Sandbox2 is like a physics lesson on the ultimate meaninglessness of life. Perhaps the most nihilistic game on the market, it serves as a stark reminder that the Trump presidency will be nothing more than a galactic hiccup — barely worth worrying about at all.
Every high school physics student can ramble this off by memory: According to Albert Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity, the speed of light is always the same; therefore the laws of physics exist and behave the same everywhere in the universe.
For a pair of physicists, that century-old notion simply reads: Challenge Accepted. João Magueijo from Imperial College London and Niayesh Afshordi of the Perimeter Institute in Canada proposed a new experiment proving Einstein wrong and demonstrating that the speed of light actually isn’t a constant. The pair thinks light may have moved faster in the past, around the time of Big Bang, and that it’s actually slowed down since.
The speed of light is an idea that scientists have pondered since the time of Aristotle, but it was Einstein who really gave this concept context for the modern era of physics with his infamous Theory of General Relativity. The assumption that the speed of light is a constant has been a proximal way to also assume the universe operates uniformly.
If the speed of light isn’t constant, however, it throws even the most basic laws of physics into question.
Magueijo and Afshordi think the speed of light might have been different in an infant universe that exhibited a more lumpy density. Historically, this was explained by inflation theory the universe rapidly expanded before slowing down and normalizing out to its current rate of growth. But if the speed of light was affected by this lumpiness, then perhaps it hasn’t been able to reach the edges of the ever-expanding universe and smooth things over yet.
The pair think the speed of light used to be faster than it is today and helped bridge the fringes of the universe with the insides. As the universe evened out and became more homogenous, the speed of light dropped. But if the edges of the universe are still composed of clumped up densities, they could facilitate a faster-than-expected speed of light.
This is all pretty fascinating, but it raises the more critical question: Should we even care? If Einstein is wrong, and the speed of light isn’t a constant, what exactly would that have to do with what we know about the universe?
In practical terms, obviously, this means nothing. The speed of light, where we are in the universe, will be basically the same for as long as the human species exists. We are nowhere near the point where we can develop modes of travel that rival the speed of light (although we are trying).
If that ever happens, then we might have reason to better understand the speed of light. If we master interstellar travel, that would give humans the operate to travel out to regions of the universe that possess lumpy densities. If we have spaceships that can move at the speed of light or even faster, then we’ll need to know what might happen to them should we venture out to those places where the laws of physics as we know them no longer function as we know them.
And that raises perhaps the most important ramification behind a variable speed of light. It throws everything we know about the physical world into disarray. If our most basic natural laws suddenly have exceptions, then everything has an exception, doesn’t it? Scientific research may feel like it has amounted to very little.
But a complete upheaval of our knowledge of physics would be equal parts fascinating and discouraging. Yes, we should care if Einstein was wrong about the speed of light, because the effects on how we investigate physics might not even be comprehensible to us at this point in time. And all this speculation is moot if Magueijo’s and Afshordi’s experiment can’t support their hypothesis. We’ll have to wait impatiently to see exactly what the pair find. They might be totally wrong. But if they’re not, the scientific community will have to come to grips with a world they actually know nothing about.
Massive Ice Reservoir on Mars Could Keep Settlers Alive
Massive Ice Reservoir on Mars Could Keep Settlers Alive
By Ian O'Neill, Seeker
Credit: ESA
Beyond Earth, Mars is the most habitable planet in the solar system — but that doesn't mean we can simply move there and expect to live off the land.
Though the surface of Mars is more barren (and a lot more toxic) than the most arid desert on Earth, NASA has uncovered a vast underground supply of water ice that may, someday, be an oasis for future Mars explorers.
Key to our future Mars settlers' survival will be the utilization of resources already on the Red Planet, so the necessity of landing future Mars explorers near a known water resource is a no-brainer. Water isn't only a requirement for keeping astronauts alive, it's needed for fuel production and would sustain any burgeoning Martian agriculture. Put simply, unless we find Mars water and understand how to access it, our Mars colonization dreams are over. But the discovery of a vast reservoir of subsurface water ice by an orbiting NASA Mars satellite could represent a game-changer for the future of Mars colonization.
"This deposit is probably more accessible than most water ice on Mars, because it is at a relatively low latitude and it lies in a flat, smooth area where landing a spacecraft would be easier than at some of the other areas with buried ice," said Jack Holt, of the University of Texas, in a statement.
The deposit was found beneath the famous Utopia Planitia, the Martian plain where NASA's Viking 2 robotic lander set down in 1976. Using data from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's ground-penetrating Shallow Radar (SHARAD), researchers discovered the huge slab of ice, ranging from 260 feet (80 meters) to 560 feet (170 meters) thick covering an area larger than the state of New Mexico. The deposit is 50-85 percent water ice mixed with dust and rocks.
Utopia is located halfway between Mars' north pole and equator, a region where water ice cannot currently persist on the surface. It is thought that the ice accumulated in the location when the planet was a lot more tilted than it is now. The Red Planet's tilt varies wildly over the course of its approximate 120,000 year cycles; its current axial tilt is around 25 degrees, but it can tilt as much as 60 degrees. This wild range causes significant climatic changes that forced the formation of ice from the poles to lower latitudes in the past.
"This deposit probably formed as snowfall accumulating into an ice sheet mixed with dust during a period in Mars history when the planet's axis was more tilted than it is today," said Cassie Stuurman, of the Institute for Geophysics at the University of Texas, Austin, and lead author of a study published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.
The subsurface reservoir at Utopia represents a climatic record of these climatic shifts, protected by a 1-10-meter-thick layer of Mars rock and regolith — Martian "soil" which is composed of the ground-up dusty remains of eons of meteorite impacts. This thin surface layer means the first human Mars explorers could relatively easily drill into the water ice deposit, either mining chunks of water ice for processing, or directly heating the layer and pumping out liquid water.
Of course, the presence of water ice will lead to the speculation of the possibility of Mars life. Could there have been pockets of slushy liquid water underground that allowed microbial life gain a foothold?
"Where water ice has been around for a long time, we just don't know whether there could have been enough liquid water at some point for supporting microbial life," Holt added.
Utopia has long been suspected as a location where water ice is hiding. Polygonal surface features that are commonly seen in the Canadian Arctic are an indicator of subsurface ice are also present in Utopia. However, this is the first time that the presence of subsurface ice has been confirmed in the region. There is also evidence of ancient river channels in the region (pictured top) where it is thought that subsurface ice melted and flowed.
"The ice deposits in Utopia Planitia aren't just an exploration resource, they're also one of the most accessible climate change records on Mars," said co-author Joe Levy of the University of Texas. "We don't understand fully why ice has built up in some areas of the Martian surface and not in others. Sampling and using this ice with a future mission could help keep astronauts alive, while also helping them unlock the secrets of Martian ice ages."
Massive Ice Reservoir on Mars Could Keep Settlers Alive
Massive Ice Reservoir on Mars Could Keep Settlers Alive
By Ian O'Neill, Seeker
Credit: ESA
Beyond Earth, Mars is the most habitable planet in the solar system — but that doesn't mean we can simply move there and expect to live off the land.
Though the surface of Mars is more barren (and a lot more toxic) than the most arid desert on Earth, NASA has uncovered a vast underground supply of water ice that may, someday, be an oasis for future Mars explorers.
Key to our future Mars settlers' survival will be the utilization of resources already on the Red Planet, so the necessity of landing future Mars explorers near a known water resource is a no-brainer. Water isn't only a requirement for keeping astronauts alive, it's needed for fuel production and would sustain any burgeoning Martian agriculture. Put simply, unless we find Mars water and understand how to access it, our Mars colonization dreams are over. But the discovery of a vast reservoir of subsurface water ice by an orbiting NASA Mars satellite could represent a game-changer for the future of Mars colonization.
The European Southern Observatory’sVery Large Telescopemight have discovered the first evidence of something called “vacuum birefringence,” a mysterious quantum property scientists have been struggling to observe since it was first predicted more than 80 years ago. The findings, reported Wednesday in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, illustrate an intense polarization of light around a dense, strongly magnetized neutron star — which researchers say is convincing evidence of the elusive, bizarre quantum effect.
Vacuum birefringence is a tricky thing to observe. Basically, astronomers think that a region of space with really, really ridiculously strong magnetic fields could actually alter the light that passes through it, like a prism — which usually means that a neutron star is involved.
Neutron stars are formidable things — they’re whats left from the core of an enormous star, exponentially bigger than our own, after it’s gone supernova and exploded. According to ESO, this means the stars’ magnetic fields are literally billions of times stronger than that of our own sun, which in turn transforms the nature of the empty space around them, making it no longer a true vacuum, and into a kind of prism.
Light polarisation around a neutron star.
Vacuum birefringence was first predicted in the 1930s by Nobel Prize-winning physicist Werner Heisenberg and his colleague Hans Heinrich Euler. While we’ve known that neutron stars are among the best places to look for the it, efforts to detect it never turned up anything of consequence until the team led by Italian physicist Roberto Mignani used the VLT to study RX J1856.5-3754, one of the neutron stars in a group called the Magnificent Seven. It’s the faintest celestial object ever measured in this way, and the researchers say the degree of linear polarization they observed makes vacuum birefringence the likely explanation.
“The high linear polarisation that we measured with the VLT cant be easily explained by our models unless the vacuum birefringence effects predicted by QED are included,” Mignani said in a news release.
QED is quantum electrodynamics, the quantum theory that photons and charged particles jump around and vanish, rather than remaining constant. In these spaces, extremely strong magnetic fields — like what’s being generated by RX J1856.5-3754 — can affect light polarization. The researchers believe findings like this open the door for not just future discoveries of vacuum birefringence, but also underscore the power of the VLT to potentially measure X-ray wavelengths.
The VLT is one of the most powerful telescopes in the world, but for future neutron star exploration the researchers already have their eye on the next generation of telescopes - namely, the ESO’s Extremely Large Telescope. Which, given the name, does seem like the logical choice.
Today we take a look at the top 5 mysterious alien and UFO sightings that have been caught on tape. This video was made in collaboration with FindingUFO and all 5 of these mysterious UFO sightings were from their channel. From a UFO caught on tape in front of a super moon to a UFO caught on camera flying under a drone, there have been some incredible instances in which UFOs and presumably aliens have been caught on tape.
More on the top 5 most mysterious alien and UFO sightings here –
Our universe is a mysterious one. It is not currently accepted by general science that aliens have been visited Earth, however these top 5 videos of UFOs claim to show real life alien ships and they present evidence of the visitation of extraterrestrials. What do you think? Have aliens visited Earth? Has the alien invasion already begun?
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 73 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.