Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 13 YEARS AND 2 MONTH.
ON 06/08/2024 MORE THAN 2.161.100
VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
29-01-2017
Un phénomène nuageux rare dans le ciel suédois
Un phénomène nuageux rare dans le ciel suédois
J.Re. - L'Avenir
Un étrange nuage en forme d’OVNI a été observé jeudi dans le ciel suédois. Il s‘agit d’un phénomène rare formé par la réunion de trois ingrédients: l’humidité de l’air, le vent et la montagne.
Jeudi, les skieurs des centres Åre et Duved en Suède ont été nombreux à sortir leur smartphone pour immortaliser un étrange nuage stagnant au-dessus des deux stations. Un phénomène inhabituel que beaucoup ont comparé à un OVNI de part sa forme de soucoupe volante.
Ce nuage est en réalité ce qu’on appelle dans le jargon scientifique un «altocumulus lenticularis». Ces nuages d’ondes stationnaires se forment lorsque deux masses d’air se rencontrent, obligeant l’une des deux à passer au-dessus de l’autre, ou lorsque les courants aériens rencontrent un relief et sont obligés de s’élever. C’est pourquoi ce phénomène est généralement observé dans les régions montagneuses.
«L’aspect en lentille du nuage est dû au fait que le nuage se forme au sommet ou en aval des pics montagneux alors que l’onde ne permet pas à l’humidité de se condenser plus bas. Sa position stable est dûe à la présence de l’onde stationnaire qui elle dépend de la stabilité de l’air.»
SPOTTED: The unidentified couple reported the sighting to the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON)
“We were about a mile from our house and I noticed a really bright light in the sky”
Female witness
UFO investigators are now looking into the incident which happened around 6.45pm in Santa Rosa, California, on Saturday.
The unidentified couple reported the sighting to the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON) – the world’s biggest organisation dedicated to UFO research.
The woman claimed the pair “could not comprehend what happened to them” in the report.
She said: “It was me and my boyfriend in the car.
GETTY
HOTBED: There have been more than 50 UFO sightings in Santa Rosa since 2005
“We were about a mile from our house and I noticed a really bright light in the sky.
“I asked him ‘Woah is that a planet?’
“He said he didn't think so and it just started getting closer and closer.
“Before we knew it, it was flying directly over our car and it was so close we could see details underneath the craft.
“It has red and green blinking lights down the belly of the craft and was long, rectangular and wingless.”
More than 50 UFO sightings have been reported in Santa Rosa since 2005.
Wikileaks has released documents from a country’s PM claiming UFOs are real.
Prime Minister of Grenada Eric Gairy went to the United Nations (UN) to call for a international probe into UFO sightings and reports of alien life.
Documents detailing his appearence at the UN have now been released by Wikileaks.
The woman became convinced “it was some sort of missile”.
She said: “I couldn't believe what I was seeing and both of us still can’t comprehend what happened. We finished driving home and saw some police cars headed towards the direction of the scene.”
It was then that the plane became involved, she said.
She added: “When we got home we could still see the craft hovering in the sky from our house.
“It seemed to go back up higher in the sky. It hovered in the same spot for about 10 minutes, then it started going back in the direction it initially came from.
“While it was hovering we captured a video. It was really high up in the sky at this point.
“It slowly started getting higher in the sky and further away.
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CIA declassify UFO documents: The truckloads of information will now help alien hunters
CIA declassify UFO documents: The truckloads of information will now help alien hunters
By Debkumar Mitra
What a way to begin the year for unidentified flying object (UFO) enthusiasts. Finally, they have truckloads of declassified Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) documents with which to face the naysayers.
Along with scientists of the Seti (Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence) Institute, flying saucer lovers believe we aren’t alone in the universe. The crucial difference between the two groups is that the latter believe that aliens have been visiting us regularly — some actually having ‘met’ the visitors — while the scientists don’t accept the UFO argument even with barrels of salt.
Often, the ‘scientific’ ET-trackers have been accused by UFOlogists that their Seti research is keeping the truth away in databanks. The Project Blue Book of the CIA, which monitored alien activity and recorded all ‘encounters’, was a closely guarded secret which aroused much suspicion. Despite many announcements by the US government debunking UFO conspiracy theories, the CIA was not let off the hook by conspiracy theorists. The recently declassified documents may ‘prove’ the flying saucer clubs right. There are indeed several ‘incidents’ that the CIA could not ‘explain’.
One such report documents a UFO spotted by two police officers patrolling the Lithuanian border on June 26, 1996. “Vehicleloads of soldiers from the ARAS rapid reaction force, sniffer dogs and police reinforcements immediately arrived on the scene of the emergency,” read an ITAR-TASS report that’s part of the declassified material.
It’s interesting to note that the two policemen were interviewed by the Lithuanian authorities which later deemed that both men were mentally stable and suffered no hallucinations during the encounter. This would be enough to add fuel to the dying embers of UFOlogy.
After its heydays in the 1960s-80s, the UFO is once again flying. But without clinching evidence that is verifiable by independent scientific inquiry, it is impossible to say that Earth has been a playground for alien visitors. Grainy images, a burnt blade of grass, or statements from psychologically stable Lithuanian policemen are not enough to prove these visits. But the documents that recorded them are enough to spread the UFO lore.
Is anybody out there?
UFO or not, one cannot wish away the question: Are we alone in this universe?’ In 2015, the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Nasa) estimated there were 1billion possible ‘Earths’ in the Milky Way alone. While the data may appear to be too optimistic, there is still a sizeable population of exoplanets — planets that orbit a star outside the solar system — that may be habitable within the realm of scientific possibility.
Whether these other worlds had been sending spaceships to inspect Earthlings is still speculation. These speculations marketed as ‘science’, as in the case of Swiss writer Erich von Daniken in his Chariots of the Gods and other ‘aliens seeded Earth’ books, make fun reading but do no good to Seti research.
The people at the Seti institute have been painstakingly searching various parts of the sky to catch a glimpse of intelligent life forms. They have come across strange signals in the past and their science has not been able to decode the messages as yet. But has not spured them on to tell the world that ‘ET wanted to contact us’.
In 2007, Duncan Lorimer at West Virginia University was rummaging through historical records from the Parkes radio telescope in Australia, when he and his colleagues stumbled across an unusual signal. It was a burst of radio energy that no one had ever seen before. Lorimer published this discovery and that raised a lot of questions including, “Are we looking at a real set of data?”
The reaction of the astronomy community was one of astonishment. But soon it was pointed out that a microwave oven in the kitchen below the control room of Parkes was responsible for the ‘strange signals’. But doubts lingered. When other, similar bursts were later found by the Arecibo radio telescope in Puerto Rico, everyone realised that these quick radio blasts — christened ‘fast radio bursts’ or FRBs — are for real.
What is causing FRBs? The question has to be answered and here are some candidates: It could be a black hole gorging up matter. It could be tell-tale signs of a neutron star. They could be screeches transmitted by intelligent beings. But then, why are the broadcasts so brief ?
There are 18 known FRBs and investigating these would be better for ‘alien hunters’ than peering over inconclusive CIA declassified documents. And if you are on the side of physicist Stephen Hawking, you would stay clear of an alien. The result of such a contact, according to Hawking, would be catastrophic for humanity — as it has for so many human cultures after having encountered a technologically superior alien civilisation.
DISCLAIMER :Views expressed above are the author's own.
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The Most Interesting Science News Articles of the Week
The Most Interesting Science News Articles of the Week
By Live Science Staff
Each week we uncover the most interesting and informative articles from around the world, here are 10 of the coolest stories in Science this week.
Doomsday Clock Ticks Half-Minute Closer to Midnight in Historic Move:
On Jan. 26, a team of scientists and experts announced the Doomsday Clock’s new position for 2017. [Full Story]
Extended Trip: Why LSD's Effects Last So Long:
Scientists found that when LSD attaches to serotonin receptors, the drug gets locked inside for a long time, which could explain the duration of acid trips. [Full Story]
Lab-Made 'Metallic Hydrogen' Could Revolutionize Rocket Fuel:
Scientists have finally created a metallic form of hydrogen that conducts electricity and could be used as an ultralight rocket fuel. [Full Story]
Human-Pig Chimeras Created, Could One Day Aid in Organ Transplants:
Researchers recently succeeded in making embryos that contained both pig and human and pig cells. [Full Story]
Buried Treasure: Ancient Grave Found Brimming with Jewels:
An Iron Age tomb brimming with treasures fashioned out of gold, bronze and amber was recently uncovered after lying undisturbed by the Danube River for nearly 2,600 years, archaeologists report. [Full Story]
Elon Musk Sees Brain-Computer Systems in Humans' Future:
Elon Musk has a plan to help humans keep up with artificial intelligence. [Full Story]
Adorable Terror: Wolf-Size Otter Hunted in Ancient China:
A fearsome, wolf-size otter with a large head and a powerful jaw once swam around the shallow, swampy waters of ancient China, likely hunting for clams and other shellfish, a new study finds. [Full Report]
Doctors Remove 6-Foot-Long Tapeworm from Man's Gut:
Doctors in India removed a lengthy pork tapeworm from a man's gut, according to a recent report of the man's case. [Full Story]
Fake News 'Vaccine' Could Stop Spread of False Information:
Warning people that they may see misleading information can nudge them toward the truth. [Full Story]
Possible Medieval 'Synagogue' Uncovered Near Sea of Galilee:
A medieval building that may have been used as a synagogue has been uncovered at the site of Huqoq near the Sea of Galilee in Israel. [Full Story]
People in Austin are saying they spotted UFOs in the sky last Monday and they have video to prove it, Fox 7 reports.
"I believe they were UFOs," Rachel Jensen told the Fox affiliate in Austin.
"By the time they actually got here, it's like they went up and then took off. The speed of them was so fast. Just as I stepped out, I looked to the sky and saw the triangle. Just as it was separating into three. Well there was one in the front and two behind it. They were bright orange, glowing, almost fiery.”
Jensen recorded video and turned it into Fox. The American Meteor Society said it received sighting reports of a fireball by at least five people over Louisiana and Texas.
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Partially uncloaked UFO flies past windmills above Indiana
Partially uncloaked UFO flies past windmills above Indiana
A UFO has been photographed as it flies past windmills in Indiana and although the object is partially uncloaked the outline of the craft is clearly visible.
Witness report: We were on our way to Chicago to see a concert. We didn't actually see the object.
My girlfriend was taking pictures of the windmills at the time and didn't notice the object until a couple of months later when she was looking through the pictures and noticed a light in one of them.
There were no airplanes, helicopters, weather balloons or any other objects in the air at the time of the pictures taken on 2016-030-03. Mufon nr. 81728.
In addition, it is always the question of whether the disc-like object is man-made or an alien craft.
Retired aerospace engineer William Tompkins said a photograph showing a flying saucer that is apparently landing on the aircraft carrier’s flight deck is genuine. Tompkins, who had served leading U.S. corporations for four decades up until 1984, discussed the photo on May 4 in a radio interview. He stressed that the picture was taken from one of the landings by friendly Nordic extraterrestrial UFOs, which were considered regular incidents on U.S. Navy aircraft carriers.
Tompkins career started in 1942 as a Naval Intelligence operative. His duties include giving intelligence briefings to select U.S. aerospace corporations on Nazi Germany’s secret development of anti-gravity spacecraft. To support his claims, he supplied multiple documents as proofs he was assigned to such secret operation and operated out of Naval Air Station in San Diego.
Tompkins said that the extraterrestrial craft would land to get the admiral of the naval battle group and bring him to the mothership in space to hold meetings with commanders of a Nordic Space Navy.
Tomkins explained that the alien craft would go down to talk to the admiral in command on a particular battle group. They would then conduct other programs and meetings. The admiral, together with some other people, would get into the extraterrestrial craft to go to the alien mothership. These aliens, of course, brought them back later, according to Tompkins. Tompkins further emphasized during the interview that the UFOs landed on their aircraft carriers many times.
Frank Chille, the one who got the photo, shared the story about it. He said the original photograph that shows the disk landing on the aircraft carrier was shown to him by Graham Bethune over 15 years ago. The photo was on thick paper and the back side it said “U.S. Navy, top secret, eyes only, 1955.” Chille stated that Bethune allowed him to make a copy of it.
Two recently “fired” NASA “officials” have revealed the best-kept secret of the US government that had been kept “safe” for forty years, saying that there are traces of constructions on the Moon.
Earth’s Moon has always been a much talked about subject and speculation about what it may have always been present. We have always wondered why we have not been to the moon recently, we have all seen the mysterious images of the moon that appear to show strange constructions on the surface of the moon yet no one has reached and explored the possibilities thoroughly.
As revealed by the Russian newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda, Ken Johnston, former manager of the Data and Photo Control Department at NASA’s Lunar Receiving Laboratory during the manned Apollo Lunar Program and Richard Hoagland, a former consultant of NASA, uncovered the secret at a conference held at the National Press Club in Washington. Both of them were involved in the Apollo missions, Hoagland in particular, who presided the Apollo moon landing transmission on television.
Skeptics have already attacked both Johnston and Hoagland suggesting that they have little to none evidence that can support their claims. But is there a chance that they might be right? And that there is something happening on the moon?
Johnston confirmed that, in the 70s, American astronauts saw and recorded “vestiges of human constructions of antiquity” on the moon and photographed some of the technological evidence found on the surface. After the astronauts brought back the images to Earth, they were handed over to Johnston, responsible for the conservation of the images. Even though some officials had ordered Johnston to destroy the images he kept them as a secret. Nearly forty years after, Johnston decided to publish these pictures. He accused NASA of editing original images of the Moon and replacing them with fake images where the structures on the moon had been erased.
The official photos underwent special treatment and, particularly those of the moon landing, which were eventually modified. According to Hoagland, the Apollo mission astronauts even brought back physical evidence of extraterrestrial technology, advancements that have already been incorporated and are used by countries such as the United States, Russia, China, India and Japan. The United States astronauts brought back from the moon, clear evidence of structures, and items.
Johnston believes that a new round of struggle will have its outcome and, unlike political competition with Russia 50 years ago, this outcome will decide the fate of each and every human being on Earth. Hoagland stated clearly that besides the truth hidden on the Moon, there are several pieces of evidence that point to the existence of life and traces of life on the red planet. Adding to the mystery, packages 698,699 and 700 where the moon landing records were kept have vanished from sight.
Whether these two individuals are right about their theories and are telling the truth is something that we will perhaps, not known. But we have to accept for a fact that the moon missions have been, since the beginning, surrounded by numerous enigmas. Why we have not been to the moon recently is another quest that nobody seems to address.
AMERICAN ASTRONOMER CLYDE TOMBAUGH DISCOVERED PLUTO AND HAD HAUNTING UFO ENCOUNTERS
AMERICAN ASTRONOMER CLYDE TOMBAUGH DISCOVERED PLUTO AND HAD HAUNTING UFO ENCOUNTERS
Clyde Tombaugh was the American astronomer who discovered the planet, Pluto. What many people do not know is that he also observed several UFOs during his career. In 1949 he had a UFO sighting in Las Cruces, New Mexico. The object consisted of several rectangles of light, which moved from northwest to southeast.
He was one of the first preeminent astronomers that made an official report about seeing UFOs.
In late 1948 and through the early 50's he saw three of the mysterious green fireballs, that made headlines in New Mexico.
Mr. Tombaugh stated: "I have seen 3 objects in the last 7 years which defied all explanations of the known phenomena, such as Venus, meteors, atmospheric optics or planes. I am a professional, highly skilled astronomer. ...I think that several reputable scientists are unscientific in refusing to entertain the possibility of extraterrestrial origin and nature."
In 1952 Clyde Tombaugh was one of the people that UFO researcher Allen Hynek interviewed. Hynek was working as a scientific consultant to the Air Force's Project Blue Book UFO study. He wanted to know whether other astronomers also witnessed UFOs.
Recently Pluto has been demoted. It's no longer considered to be a planet but was downgraded to the status of dwarf planet. Some researchers suggest that Clyde Tombaugh's outspoken opinion on the UFO subject could have been the cause for these actions. Did he see something he wasn't supposed to see?
VIDEO: Luister naar wat deze Canadese oud-minister heeft te zeggen over UFO’s en de Nieuwe Wereldorde
VIDEO: Luister naar wat deze Canadese oud-minister heeft te zeggen over UFO’s en de Nieuwe Wereldorde
De Canadese oud-minister van Defensie Paul Hellyer sprak tijdens een MUFON-lezing over buitenaardse invloed op aarde.
Hij zei dat deze buitenaardse invloed al in Bijbelse tijden werd gevoeld, maar pas in de Tweede Wereldoorlog begon door te dringen ‘toen we erachter kwamen dat een buitenaards ras de Duitsers had geholpen’.
Op hetzelfde moment adviseerde een andere groep aliens de geallieerden, aldus Hellyer.
Rijk
Jaren voor het einde van de Tweede Wereldoorlog begon de Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) al plannen te smeden voor een Amerikaans rijk dat nog veel groter was dan het rijk dat Hitler voor ogen had.
De CFR, Bilderbergers, banken, oliebedrijven, grote corporaties, inlichtingendiensten en strijdmachten werden samengevoegd tot wat Hellyer ook wel de ‘Cabal’ noemt, een organisatie die in Amerika en daarbuiten ‘ongekend veel macht heeft’.
Werelddictatuur
Het uiteindelijke doel van deze organisatie is volgens de oud-minister een Nieuwe Wereldorde, een werelddictatuur, afgedwongen door de combinatie van financiële en militaire macht.
Hellyer claimt dat de Cabal ook beschikt over ruimteschepen die zijn gebouwd met behulp van buitenaardse technologie.
Alien Abducted 19th century Locomotives rest on the floor of the ocean, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Alien Abducted 19th century Locomotives rest on the floor of the ocean, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of discovery: About 2008
Location of discovery: Ocean, 8 miles off New Jersey Shore
Lets face it, aliens steal stuff all the time. Jets, planes, ships, sailboats, people just disappear and we accept it as...normal. Well, here is a great video of not one, but two train engines that were found 8 miles off the New Jersey coast. There is no clear and exact explanation about how these trains got out there, but we can easily figure it out, once we realise that aliens love examining the most recent technology that humans have created. Like Hollywood Paparazzi, aliens seem overly anxious to get their grubby little green mitts on them.
This UFO was caught by Streetcap1 over Mexico coming from a volcano. It starts out far away and quickly grows in size. Thats one powerfully bright UFO. As you can see from looking at the time, the UFO passes the volcano and then moves behind the camera all in just a few minutes. The moon could not do that. Scott C. Waring Streetcap1 states: This was caught on the Live Stream of Webcams de Mexico. You can see the clock in the right hand top corner. Streetcap1.
Wikileaks has an email that states that the PM of Granada flatly states that UFOs exist and that the United Nations needs to do some serious research. All this makes me think that the tiny island of Granada must be having some serious UFO sightings for the Prime Minister of the country to step out and say it. Scott C. Waring
Email states: BEGIN UNCLASSIFIED. 1. SUMMARY: AS ANTICIPATED, GRENADIAN PM SIR ERIC GAIRY ADDRESSED THE SPECIAL POLITICAL COMMITTEE (SPC) ON AGENDA ITEM 126 AND INTRODUCED A RESOLUTION (DATAFAXED) WHICH WOULD ESTABLISH AN EXPERT GROUP TO SET GUIDELINES FOR A UN STUDY OF UFOS. HE WAS FOLLOWED BY DR. FRIDAY (MINISTER OF EDUCATION) AND FOUR OTHER SPEAKERS, ALL OF WHOM ARGUED IN FAVOR OF A "UN CLEARINGHOUSE" FOR THE EXCHANGE OF DATA AND COORDINATION OF RESEARCH ON UFOS. THE SPEAKERS WERE SUPPLEMENTED BY A SHORT FILM WHICH CONSISTED OF STILL AND MOTION PICTURES SPLICED TOGETHER PURPORTING TO DEPICT ACTUAL SIGHTINGS OF UFOS. CONSIDERATION OF THE ITEM WAS SUSPENDED TO PERMIT DELEGATES TO CONSIDER THE RESOLUTION. END SUMMARY.
This UFO was caught by Streetcap1 over Mexico coming from a volcano. It starts out far away and quickly grows in size. Thats one powerfully bright UFO. As you can see from looking at the time, the UFO passes the volcano and then moves behind the camera all in just a few minutes. The moon could not do that. Scott C. Waring Streetcap1 states: This was caught on the Live Stream of Webcams de Mexico. You can see the clock in the right hand top corner. Streetcap1.
Location:Space Date:20 January 2017 Submitted by John
Witness report:Iss live feed ufo came came into shot top of screen made its way to earth. Have been watching for years seen nothing then there it was amazing always believed now more than ever.
Nearby Alien Planet's Climate Swings May Be Too Wild for Life
Nearby Alien Planet's Climate Swings May Be Too Wild for Life
By Elizabeth Howell, Space.com Contributor
One of the closest rocky planets to Earth could have a wild climate that oscillates quickly between hot and cool periods, a new study reports.
This planet, known as Wolf 1061c, resides in the "habitable zone" of its host star, that just-right range of distances where liquid water could theoretically exist on a world's surface. But it's far from clear if Wolf 1061c could actually support life as we know it, study team members said.
For starters, Wolf 1061c — which circles a star located just 14 light-years from Earth's sun — lies at the inner edge of the habitable zone, similar to where Venus is in Earth's solar system. Venus has a hellish environment today, with surface temperatures reaching nearly 900 degrees Fahrenheit (480 degrees Celsius). [Gallery: The Strangest Alien Planets]
Venus likely had oceans on its surface in the past, but was so close to the sun that the heat made all the oceans evaporate. The water vapor assisted in trapping heat, contributing to Venus' runaway greenhouse effect.
Something similar may have happened on Wolf 1061c, said the new study's lead author, Stephen Kane, of San Francisco State University.
Wolf 1061c is "close enough to the star where it's looking suspiciously like a runaway greenhouse," Kane said in a statement.
Kane and colleagues studied Wolf 1061c's parent star in detail using the Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy array, which is located at the Mount Wilson Observatory in California. The researchers' detailed measurements allowed them to better characterize the star's habitable zone and the conditions that planets in the system likely experience. (Wolf 1061c is one of three worlds known to circle the star; all are "super-Earths," planets slightly larger than Earth.)
"The Wolf 1061 system is important because it is so close [to Earth], and that gives other opportunities to do follow-up studies to see if it does indeed have life," Kane said.
The team found that Wolf 1061c's orbit varies at a faster rate than that of Earth, and this likely leads to greater climatic variations than Earth experiences.
"It could cause the frequency of the planet freezing over or heating up to be quite severe," Kane said.
So it's unknown whether or not Wolf 1061c actually is habitable, study team members said. Getting to the bottom of this question may require more-advanced telescopes than are currently in operation, the researchers added.
One future instrument that should help is NASA's $8.8 billion James Webb Space Telescope, which is scheduled to launch in late 2018 and succeed the Hubble Space Telescope, Kane said. Webb is expected to reveal the composition of nearby exoplanet atmospheres in detail.
Findings from the new study will appear in the next issue of the Astrophysical Journal. A preprint version is available now on the website arXiv.
Clingy Alien Planets May Fling Their Moons Out of Orbit
Clingy Alien Planets May Fling Their Moons Out of Orbit
By Charles Q. Choi, Space.com Contributor
Alien planets that orbit especially close to their stars have a bigger chance of losing their moons, which may reduce the chances that habitable alien moons will survive for very long around those planets, a new study finds.
In the past 20 years or so, astronomers have confirmed the existence of more than 3,400 worlds outside Earth's solar system. These discoveries have revealed that many exoplanets are very different from those seen in Earth's solar system; for instance, about 40 percent of exoplanets discovered to date orbit their stars at least 10 times closer than Earth orbits the sun. (In comparison, Mercury is at most about three times closer than Earth is to the sun.)
In Earth's solar system, there are far more moons than planets, with Jupiter alone having at least 67 moons. Previous work has suggested that exomoons, or moons around exoplanets, could be as big or larger than Earth. If an exoplanet happens to lie in a star's habitable zone — the area in which worlds have surface temperatures warm enough to host liquid water — then an Earth-size exomoon around such a planet could potentially harbor life. [Alien Life Possible on Exoplanet Moons]
However, so far, exomoons have eluded confirmed discovery, said Ji-Wei Xie, an astronomer at Nanjing University in China and a co-author of the new study. He and his colleagues wanted to uncover a potential explanation for why exomoons remain elusive. One possibility is that exomoons are difficult to see and thus simply haven't been detected yet. But another possibility, Xie said, is that, for some reason, exomoons are rare around the exoplanets that astronomers have spotted.
Most of the exoplanets that scientists have detected so far are close to their host stars, because those types of planets are easier to spot using the planet-hunting strategies astronomers have been able to employ. For instance, the radial velocity method looks for repeated wobbles in a star's movements that are signs of a planet's gravitational pull yanking it back and forth, and this quivering is bigger the closer an exoplanet is to its star. In addition, the transit method looks for dips in a star's brightness whenever a planet crosses in front of it, and such darkening is more frequent the nearer an exoplanet is to its star.
Planets that orbit close to their stars are naturally exposed to more high-energy radiation than ones farther away. The authors of the new paper reasoned that, over time, those higher levels of radiation might blast away the atmospheres of exoplanets that are close to their stars; in fact, this idea has popped up in other exoplanet studies as well. Such a "photo-evaporation" process could, in principle, make the orbits of moons around those exoplanets unstable, Xie said.
To see how strong an effect a star might have on an exoplanet's moons, Xie and his colleagues simulated a range of Neptune-like gas giant planets about 14 to 20 times the mass of Earth, each of which orbited a star about 10 times closer than Earth does the sun. The planets started out with up to 500 moons. The scientists simulated what would happen if photo evaporation gradually eroded away the gas planet's atmosphere, reducing the planet's total mass by half over time.
The scientists found that photo evaporation could play a major role in the fate of an exoplanet's moons. As photo evaporation caused the simulated exoplanet to lose mass, the planet's gravitational pull weakened and the orbits of the exomoons grew and became more eccentric, or oval-shaped. Eventually, many of those orbits became unstable, meaning the moons could exit their orbits around those planets altogether. Xie said the simulations could leave few or no moons around the planets.
In the scenario where planets had 500 small moons, the researchers found that only about a quarter of the moons still remained in orbit around their worlds by the end of the simulations. About half of these moons collided with their planets, while a quarter of the moons escaped their planets to become new planet-like objects circling their stars. In the simulations, some of the moons flew away on trajectories that could make them go on to become free-floating "rogue planets" that wander the galaxy.
In scenarios that included larger moons with masses up to twice that of Earth, even fewer moons remained in stable orbits around their evaporating planets. In these scenarios, in addition to escaping from or colliding with their planets, moons also collided with one another, the researchers found.
All in all, these findings "can help guide the future search for exomoons," Xie said. For instance, their findings suggest that exomoon hunters should avoid exoplanets that are very close to their stars. This holds especially true for red dwarf stars, which are luminous with X-rays that enhance photo evaporation, he said.
As for whether habitable exomoons are possible, Xie noted that sun-like stars possess habitable zones that are about as far away from them as Earth is from the sun. At such distances, "the photo-evaporation effect is very limited, and thus our findings will not apply to them," Xie said.
However, red dwarfs, which constitute up to 70 percent of the stars in the cosmos, are up to 50 times fainter than the sun, and so their habitable zones are much closer to them. "Our findings would suggest that there would be less habitable moons around red dwarfs due to the photo-evaporation effect," Xie said.
The scientists detailed their findings online Dec. 1 in The Astrophysical Journal.
'Alien' Life Could Exist High in Earth's Atmosphere
'Alien' Life Could Exist High in Earth's Atmosphere
By Elizabeth Howell, Seeker
Life on Earth shows up in surprising places. It's been found in high-temperature vents deep undersea and high in the air. But we're still trying to learn more about these so-called "extremophiles." Researchers are now pondering how well can life reproduce in these environments. Also, could microbes of this type be found on other worlds?
In March, a group of University of Houston students — piggybacking on a payload with a prime mission to scope out auroras — will fly a high-altitude experiment from Alaska to see what microbes are in the high atmosphere, between 18 km and 50 km (11 miles and 31 miles) from the ground. The instrument, which looks almost like a small laundry hamper, pops open to collect what's in the atmosphere. Then, as the balloon descends, it shuts closed for researchers to analyze.
Jamie Lehnen, a fourth-year student on the team, says this system could be less open to contamination than pumps and other complicated mechanisms that require servicing on Earth. But it's the first time her group has used it, so isn't sure how well it will function. If it does, however, she's interested in learning about how microbes will react under the stresses of living at high altitudes.
"A lot of times, these microbes when they go up there, they shut down. They are not replicating and they are not metabolically active," she said. "I'm interested in how their stress response is similar to those [microbes] back on Earth's surface."
Some of the earliest high-altitude microorganism experiments did not involve air travel at all — Charles Darwin picked up African dust on his ship while crossing the Atlantic Ocean, while Louis Pasteur made measurements on top of alpine glaciers. Both found microorganisms.
That said, microorganism research in the upper atmosphere has been active since the 1930s at least. One of the earliest flights involved Charles Lindbergh, a pilot best known for piloting the Atlantic solo in 1927. Accompanied with his wife, Lindbergh periodically passed the monoplane controls over to her to take samples from the atmosphere around them. The research team found spores of fungi and pollen grains, among other specimens.
Planes still require a substantial amount of atmosphere to fly, so it's with high-altitude balloons and rockets that we can get even higher — to the stratosphere and the mesosphere. According to NASA microbial researcher David Smith, some of the pioneering work in this field was done in the 1970s, particularly in Europe and the Soviet Union. "Everything they did was fascinating, but there hasn't been a lot of follow-up work to validate the results of those collections," he told Seeker.
There are open questions about how valid these early results are, given that contamination protocols may not have been strict. So Smith and other researchers are trying to figure out what kind of microbes live above Earth, and for how long. In May and June, Smith's team will fly with the team from NASA ABoVE (Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment), which uses a Gulfstream III jet to monitor how climate change affects animals, plants, the environment and infrastructure. In the spring, a vast airstream on the Pacific Ocean moves millions of tons of dust across the ocean, mostly from Asia.
"We want to know what kind of microorganisms are making that leap across the ocean, co-transported with aerosol species," Smith said. "Alaska will allow us an opportunity to test the atmospheric bridge hypothesis, which simply speaking, is continents sneezing on each other."
Smith's team will use a cascade sampler for collection, which passes air through progressively finer impact plates with holes in them, he said. As the air moves through, dust and any microorganisms impact the surface of those plates. A portion of them stick to the surface, allowing researchers to analyze what is there afterwards.
Smith is skeptical that microorganisms are growing or dividing at such high altitudes, because it's so cold and dry up there. But he says that microorganisms may be "persisting", or lingering and not being killed. "Nobody's been able to measure how long microorganisms can stay in the stratosphere. There's works that still needs to be done."
"Virtually all terrestrial and marine surfaces have microorganisms associated with them that can get disattached from the surfaces by wind or other physical disturbances," wrote Aarhus University assistant professor Tina Santl-Temkiv, who has studied microorganisms in hailstones, in an e-mail to Seeker.
"[They] can reach higher levels of troposphere, above around one kilometer, can stay suspended in air for around a week and can travel thousands of kilometers, riding on wind currents. Eventually, they get deposited back to the ground wither through the formation of rain or simply due to gravity."
If Earth's atmosphere is shown to be a great spot for life to divide, however, it could have implications for locations such as Venus. Back in the 1960s, astronomer and science popularizer Carl Sagan suggested that the upper atmosphere of Venus could harbor the descendants of organisms that could have evolved on the surface of the planet when it was cooler.
Even though today the surface can crush and cook unprotected spacecraft, 50 kilometers (31 miles) above is more temperate. Moreover, researchers have found an intriguing substance that blocks ultraviolet light in Venus' clouds. Life hasn't yet been ruled out as a possibility.
"Venus and Earth were similar for 3 billion years [of their evolution] and perhaps as recently as up to about half a billion years ago," said Dr. Lynn Rothschild, a NASA astrobiologist and synthetic biologist that is on Smith's research team. She said this includes liquid oceans, similar atmosphere, and probably the same sorts of minerals and organic compounds as well.
But Venus would be a difficult prospect if the life returns to the surface. The sun got more luminous as the solar system aged, evaporating the water from Venus' oceans. The water vapor, now in the atmosphere, contributed to giving Venus a hellish greenhouse effect on its surface.
It seems that life is hardy, but we don't know if it's tough enough to survive living high above a planetary surface. If it does, however, that could mean that even missions that sample a planet's atmosphere could have to worry about protections against hurting possible life. We'll have to see what these new experiments yield, though, before reaching any conclusions.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 73 jaar jong.
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