Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 13 YEARS AND 2 MONTH.
ON 06/08/2024 MORE THAN 2.161.100
VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
20-02-2017
Filer’s Files #8 – 2017 India May Reveal ET - PART II
Filer’s Files #8 – 2017 India May Reveal ET - PART II
UFO Sightings in the United States
Arizona Object
Flagstaff – I was heading towards California to visit family for the first time.
Was taking pictures and noticed a ufo after taking multiple pictures on August 4, 2013.
The first picture was normal but then noticed a triangle shaped object coming out of the mountain. Thanks to MUFON CMS
California Light
Ukiah— Simon I Am told me “I am the Omega” (me) “the bridge , the rainbow serpent “. ” do not drink alcohol or take weed as it destroys your DNA beyond repair”. “I am the Librarian of the scrolls” “I have an honorable bloodline” (I am adopted”. I have seen beings all my life, they do not scare me, but people scare me. I have never been harmed. I also have had experience at night of many hands on me, and paralysis and my partner had same dream. I sleepwalk and turn in circles saying number codes and my granddaughter gets codes from Simon too. The beings are always around me, they come through energy sources like street lights, I affect electric and batteries drain around me. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Connecticut Lights
Manchester — My sister was driving down the highway heading home when these three lights appeared on February 13, 2017. They “flew” in and almost hovered. She pulled over to take a quick picture; as soon as she looked away the lights vanished. She continued driving home.
When she got home and reviewed the picture, she noticed the huge crescent shaped object on the right of the picture. The lights made no noise. She said she was really excited about what she might be seeing. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Florida Light
Jacksonville Beach – I was taking a late-night walk south along the shore since the moon was bright. I glanced and saw what I assumed was a plane coming in for a landing-but realizing it must be a crash landing. The craft even turned rather nose-up as a landing jet would do. I realized this was not a plane, and it was extremely close. It had three red lights, all moving in formation flying on this path, rising slowly, several hundred feet past the pier before making a total quick U-turn. It flew over the ocean, faster than it had over land at 60 mph, I’d estimate no further than 200 feet further out into the ocean than the tip of the pier. It slowed down and came almost to a stop, very close to the surface of the waves reflecting light on the waves. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Indiana Light
Amritsar — The UFO hovered in air and glowed with a bright hue, leaving a trail of light.
After about 7-8 seconds it suddenly turned its direction and disappeared towards west on February 9, 2017.
Thanks to MUFON CMS
Kansas Object
Pittsburg — On February 2, 2017, I was heading east bound on highway 400 in Kansas. As I was going around the corner, I noticed on my left, parked on side road running parallel to highway 400, what appeared to be a UFO being transported on back of a flatbed. A highway patrolman parked right next to semi facing highway 400. Around the object, on the ground were orange cones. I then turned around and headed west bound to get another view. It appeared to be perfect disc shape and was big in size that it was hanging on the side of flatbed. I then turned around once again heading east bound again but this time took pictures. This was at 1130 hours. At 2200 hours, I came back the same way and the object was still there. Now there are two highway patrolmen with a bright flashing light right on side of the object that made it impossible to see the object.
I would like to know more about this incident if any other reports were made. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Missouri Disc
UFO moved across Missouri on the night of February 7, 2017.
Thanks to UFO Daily
New York Circle
Long Beach — Walking to store saw Sphere in atmosphere it and took picture on February 1, 2017
Thanks to MUFON CMS
Beacon — Taking photos for ideas on landscaping paintings in NY. When I was looking thru my photos that evening I found an object nearby that I cannot recognize.
Three birds far in the back on an Antenna one seagull flying in the far right I can recognize.
Flew by unknown until I came home in Beacon. Many professional photographers said I should summit to photo to UFO experts. Didn’t know it was there until I came home. Thanks to MUFON CMS
New Mexico Light
Albuquerque — I was outside on my pool deck observing the stars, especially Venus. I had a feeling to look N.W. I see a star light moving really slow S.W. It appeared to be quite lower than a star, silent so I tried filming. All I saw through the lens was black; I focused on Venus, and lost sight of the object. When stopped you couldn’t tell it wasn’t a star. A bright light flashed about 50 or so feet below the object, then another to the left, and the light faded from it. It was miraculous, not my first encounter though. The picture of the object is messed up. Thanks to MUFON CMS
North Carolina Light
Wake Forest— Video was taken on my cell phone, from my front stoop. I’m near a lake, so I’m used to seeing large birds, like herons. I don’t think this was a bird on April 2, 2016. I noticed this object moving from my right to left, NE to N basically, at a slow, but steady speed. It made no noise. My first thought was that it was a drone, due to the spherical shape, slow rate of horizontal travel, etc. There also appears to be either some spinning upon its own access or fluttering. The object was 200 – 400 feet above the horizon, and perhaps half mile away. I thought it might be a drone. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Texas Light
Rowlett — Just was looking at the moon with my wife on Friday night February 2, 2017, and saw an orb flying around it.
I took these pictures. No clue what it could be, just couldn’t believe what I was seeing. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Washington Lights
Washougal — This was after July 4th weekend when we saw weird clouds so we took some pictures. An hour later noticed the weird clouds, now 5 miles away so took more pictures of two short and weird colored rainbows. One is easily visible. We shot more within a two second window as the clouds open up (cloak lost?). It was a huge object that we might only be seeing the bottom half of this “pyramid on a side with sharp edges. You could see relief and contours (vents, windows, etc.).It seemed like 5 miles wide by 8 miles long. We are professional engineers from US Air Force Academy and the University of California using our cell phone. It became cloaked again 20 minutes later. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Worldwide UFO Sightings
Australia Cylinder
Brisbane — Ufo sighting of pill shaped red and white cylindrical object, during full moon rising of October 16, 2016. Updated information is that UFO was recorded on unmanned time-lapse video and later discovered upon viewing of the digital images (12 sequential frames from 559 600 shots). Several lights appear during 11 seconds time-lapse film using Panasonic Lummox Fz1000 Bridge Camera with Lexica Zoom Lens which was set to manual focus, mysteriously lost focus near the end of the recording. This object was descending on a steady flight path. It doesn’t appear to be a case of motion blur; rather an evenly halved red and white body. It is as a well lit, thick cylinder instead of just what I would normally see from an aircraft wing-tip lights? Also; there is red and white on the side of the cylinder and with rounded ends. I was a professional photographer for over 30 years. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Canada Lights
Whitby — At about 9:30 pm on February 4th 2017 on Ashburn Road we first observed four lights, three of which in rough triangle formation viewed head on while driving. Stopped to observe objects in the west hovering and moving lazily in no specific flight path and took 1.30 minutes video. Objects (5-6) appeared to pulse and glow with orange/yellow light only when hovering. They would dim considerably when moving. Two objects appeared to “exchange” light or energy with one dimming and the other brightening in close proximity. Objects flew very close together flying back and forth for 1.5 hours. Objects had red and green lights when dim but were NOT normal aircraft due to odd behavior. Was exhilarated at prospect of encountering UFO in sky. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Egypt Object
Mars Alam — I’m from Ukraine, you can check my profile on Instagram and find me on Facebook.
I was on vacation with family in Egypt on January 28, 2017 we went to Port Halib for a walk,
I took pictures and in the evening checked that there is something else on photo in the sky. I attached photo.
I think it’s some kind of UFO. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Germany Light
Konradsreuth — While everyone was watching the European championships on June 16, 2016, I went to the kitchen and started cooking. Somehow I felt the urge to look out of the window which points towards west. The sun was already setting and I realized a strange but perfectly disc shaped cloud below the average height. My phone was right next to me so I immediately took a picture, turned around and as I turned back to the “cloud” it had been completely vanished. I felt so baffled as not even 10 seconds had passed between shooting the picture and turning back to check if it was still floating. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Billigheim-Sulzbac— I was in the baby’s room and took outside the dirty napkin, and saw a strong light behind the street lamp on February 14, 2017.
Maybe an aeroplane, but it moved very slowly and was a strong light sphere with a black spot in the middle. At the right side of the object was a smaller blinking light. Suddenly the object grew and then gets smaller very fast. I tried to find explanations, of what it could it be, but I didn’t find any answers. I went out several times to see it had changed positions but the last time it was gone. I was so excited, my heart was like a hammer, and my hands shook. Thanks to MUFON CMS
Mexico Orbs
Tijuana Border — Strange video making the rounds online purportedly shows a cluster of anomalous glowing orbs flying across the Mexican border into United States. Believed to have been filmed at the Tijuana border, the minute long clip was allegedly posted to an Instagram account this past week.
In the perplexing footage, several luminous lights hover in the clouds above the border as observers point their cell phones to capture the orbs. After racking up over 30,000 views and 200 comments, the video was abruptly removed from the social media site. Nonetheless, the video was salvaged by a popular YouTube UFO blogger, who shared the footage. The removal of the video from Instagram has piqued the interest of UFO enthusiasts. Thanks to the Sun
Figures in Cloud on Poland to UK Flight
Lodz, Germany — Flying from Warsaw to London Heathrow, looking out the window on February 15, 2017, saw these dark thin figures in the middle of a cloud. It definitely wasn’t a building because we were too high up so I thought they were mini tornadoes. There were 4 figures: 2 tall ones and 2 slightly small ones. They were very close together and they weren’t moving at all. They were dark, had a thicker upper body and a thinner lower body. One of them looks like they had wings. I was in awe and shocked at how it was all deserted then there were these random weird objects just standing on top of a cloud. I took photos and showed my parents the photo and they couldn’t believe their eyes. I was also a little bit excited because I have never seen anything like this before. Flew past the object(s) then it disappeared.
UK/England Lights
Poynton — I was in bed, awake the time was 0509 hours on February 3, 2017, and I saw these bright lights that came into view from my rear window of bedroom. I just knew it was a ufo as it was huge flying about 1000/1500 feet altitude and fully lit with 100s of white laser lights all over. At first it looked like a huge dome as it passed from right to left; it changed its pitch and I could see it was a huge triangle. It was silent and seemed to drift in a slow curve and then all lit up into a bright beautiful green. It then changed to this fantastic color of blue.
I went to the front of my bedroom but it was gone I felt saddened as it was a brilliant experience.I got back in bed couldn’t settle and another small round ufo appeared lit up in white like laser lights with a cross on it or plus sign. It flew away in the direction of the big triangle then 10 minutes later another one flew by it was an orb that was white then to orange. I am not bothered what people believe. I saw what I saw and tried to get pictures on my iPod but I dropped it. It was a wonderful experience. Thanks to MUFON CMS
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Our research is uncovering amazing truths by solving challenging projects deemed too difficult by other firms. We have had some success in finding missing persons. We could use your help in getting more results from our research. I have put together a DVD of the last seventeen years of Filer’s Files for you with hundreds of great photographs and UFO sightings. Additionally, I have decided to include my book within the DVD that includes George Ritter’s exciting abduction story told by Linda Moulton Howe. Broadcaster David E. Twichell joined me to write the book. We are asking for a donation of only $50 that includes next year’s subscription and our book. Please include your e-mail address and mailing address.
Have been digging through the giant DVD you sent recently. As a relatively recent joiner, I was unaware of the years’ worth of consistent reports of the same types of objects all over. This has been very educational. Just wanted to thank you for all you’ve done. Bruce W. Freeman Attorney at Law
Sign me up right now for Filer’s Files.
I have put together a DVD of the last seventeen years of Filer’s Files for you with hundreds of great photographs and UFO sightings that will explain the phenomena and the importance to your life and your family. Additionally, I have included my book within the DVD that includes George Ritter’s exciting abduction story told by Linda Moulton Howe. Broadcaster David E. Twichell joined me to write the book. We are asking for a donation of only $50 that includes next year’s subscription and our book. Please include your e-mail address and mailing address. Please use this link to receive this offer.
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12,000 YEAR OLD ANUNNAKI TOMB DISCOVERED IN IRAN
12,000 YEAR OLD ANUNNAKI TOMB DISCOVERED IN IRAN
Anunaki grave found?
This discovery was made in Iran and had become one of three sarcophagi.
The discovery was made back in 2008, but was long concealment Nam.
If this discovery realny then this is clear evidence that anunaki were alien beings because their bodies are not even after 12,000 years and not decomposed even though they were not embalmed
Rally President talk about skutačne unique and important discovery for all mankind
The Nazi Bell Aircraft in American Skies The Nazi Bell Aircraft in American Skies
The Nazi Bell Aircraft in American Skies
The Nazi Bell, an aircraft involving antigravity technology, disappeared after World War II, but crafts with the same design have allegedly been sighted across the United States, leading some to believe that the U.S. government has the Nazi Bell and is experimenting with it.
It is said that during the Nazi occupation of Poland, the Nazis—specifically Nazi scientist Wernher von Braun and SS General Hans Kammler—were working on a craft that used electromagnetism as its propulsion. The craft was known as “Die Glocke” or “The Bell.”
Some sketches of the craft have survived, according to the History Channel, and they specify dimensions of 10 feet high and 5 feet in diameter.
There is no evidence to support the project’s use during World War II, but there is evidence of its development. As Germany was being invaded by the Allies, the entire bell project—along with project leader Kammler—disappeared.
Conspiracy theorists suggest that the Nazi Bell was taken to the United States—as were many German scientists—and that the United States has continued research on the technology
Both von Braun and Kammler were developers of advanced German weapons and rocketry, including the V–2 rocket. Von Braun surrendered to allied forces during Germany’s fall and was enlisted in the U.S. government for advanced propulsion and rocket development. Von Braun headed up the Saturn rocket development for NASA and played a significant role in putting Americans on the moon with the successful Saturn V rocket used in Apollo 11, according to PBS.
UFO supporters believe the German bell craft is related to the UFO crash in Kecksburg, Pa., on Dec. 9, 1965. Perhaps the most famous UFO incident second to Roswell, the Kecksburg incident involved many eye witnesses who saw a fiery streak overhead and a crash. There were civilian responders to the crash before the Army, National Security Agency, Department of Defense, and NASA showed up to claim the object, according to UFO Evidence.
Allegedly, first responders included Kecksburg volunteer firefighters, who saw an acorn-shaped object half-buried where it went down in the woods. Other residents claim to have made it to the site before authorities and reported seeing a golden-bronze colored, acorn-shaped craft large enough to fit just one occupant and marked with strange hieroglyphic writing. The object appeared to be one solid piece of metal with no rivets or seams, according to UFO Evidence.
Hundreds of witnesses were near the crash site but were reportedly turned away by military personnel. Some witnesses saw the object leaving on a flatbed truck. In 2005, NASA revealed that the object was a downed Soviet satellite, contrary to their earlier claims, according to Today in History. NASA also claimed that all records of the incident were misplaced sometime in the 1990s.
Other sightings of bell-shaped UFOs over America include four bell-shaped objects sighted over Maryland on April 5, 2009, and a more recent domed, bell-shaped UFO floating over Colorado on Jan. 15, 2013.
Perhaps the origin of these bell-shaped objects—be it Nazi-designed, American reverse-engineered, or extraterrestrial—will never be known, even though these objects continue to be seen throughout America and abroad.
Glowing Orb Seen Over Freeway In California, Aug 1999, UFO Sighting News.
Glowing Orb Seen Over Freeway In California, Aug 1999, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: August 10, 1999 (reported today) Location of sighting: Rancho Santa Margarita, California Source: MUFON #82195 The image with this report was made by the eyewitness and I think it really gives us a great idea of what they saw the day. Lots of sightings went unreported for decades because it was not convenient to carry an old fashioned camera everywhere and cell phones were not yet invented with that convince. So I find it great that this eyewitness came forward to teach us about his/her sighting from that day. From what she describes, it sounds like the Foo Fighters UFOs from WWI and WW2 era. The UFOs curiosity of the moving car and it deliberately putting itself in the field of view of the car driver would indicate this. Scott C. Waring Eyewitness states:
On a clear and sunny day, in broad daylight, on a very familiar road, while driving my car with some friends... What I can only describe as some kind of a "ball" of light (about the size of a large beachball) appeared, very suddenly, out of nowhere, directly in front of my car. In a bit of a panic, I asked my friends if they saw it too and they all definitely did. We were stunned and not sure what to do. It appeared to be floating/hovering/flying about 3 feet off the ground, and it was moving with us. There was no physical structure to it, as it appeared to be literally made of light. The light varied in color and was dynamic, not static. It was almost impossibly bright, like no other light source I've even seen, even though it was the middle of the day.
It appeared about 30 feet in front of my car, and it seemed to be matching my speed. I was going about 40 mph at first, but I slowed down a little bit, not wanting to drive into it... but it seemed to slow down with me, remaining the same distance ahead of us. Then I sped up a little, and it did the same thing, matching my speed and remaining directly in front of my car. And then... it just disappeared. It was only there for a few seconds... maybe 10 or 15 seconds... before it vanished, just as it had appeared, into thin air.
Also: There were definitely other cars on the road with me that day too, both behind me and in the lanes next to me and slightly behind me, but I have no idea if anyone other than my friends and I saw it. This happened in a pre-iphone/smartphone/cameraphone world, so none of us got any photos or video. (the image I uploaded was created by me, years later, using photoshop and a screenshot from google street-view of about where it happened.)
Five UFO Videos Of Same Two UFOs Over Kuwait, Feb 20, 2017, UFO Sighting News.
Five UFO Videos Of Same Two UFOs Over Kuwait, Feb 20, 2017, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: February 19, 2017 Location of sighting: Kuwait Three different people in Kuwait just uploaded five different UFO videos of the same UFO, but from different positions within the city. All the videos do show two UFOs. One round white orb and another lower UFO that is 90% cloaked. We are very lucky to have so many people record the UFOs.
One eyewitness states:
"Hey guys....Just wanna share with you'll something that I have seen with my own eyes something like I have never seen before which may look like a UFO. Well there was even something so strange that it gives out some kind smoke which goes in a circular motion and then the object suddenly disappeared. This is not at all edited ,but I used the Viva Video app to show like a slow motion so that u see the smoke. That's all . But I can assure you that this video is not done with any camera tricks"
The evidence that comes with this sighting is overwhelming. Its more than most sightings ever get. It must have been seen by thousands of people and I expect more UFO videos will come in over the next few weeks from today. Kuwait is an ancient country with ancient traditions still in place. The is probably more reason for aliens to want to visit there for its history than to visit America for its new innovations. Scott C. Waring
Daytime video: UFO fleet over South Gate, California
Daytime video: UFO fleet over South Gate, California
Location:South Gate, CA Date:1/30/17 Submitted by Jay
Witness report:
Daniel captures the spectacular fleet of UFOs in South Gate, California, on January 30, 2017. This batch of UFOs compliments an actual flying saucer he filmed last week. The fleet was captured in his backyard at 9:59am with his Nikon P900. Daniel just looked up in the sky and saw a 2 inch cluster array of white orbs. He immediately ran into his house, grabbed his camera and tripod and began to fill this incredible sight. This one is for the history books. Notice how the orbs maintained an equidistance from each other except for one, possibly the commander that moved among them. This one is a sight to behold. Don’t deny or dismiss what is obvious to see.
CIA UFO Files: The Horrific Revenge of the Extraterrestrial – Siberia Incident
CIA UFO Files: The Horrific Revenge of the Extraterrestrial – Siberia Incident
The UFO attack on a military unit in Siberia where 23 Russian soldiers lost their lives. The CIA describes this event as a “horrific picture of revenge on the part of extraterrestrial creatures, a picture that makes one’s blood freeze”.
The snow has been incredible at the Winter Park Ski Area in Colorado with 216 inches on the year, which could be probably the reason why Director of Public Relations Steve Hurlbert is wearing a shiny, aluminum foil hat.
Hurlbert said that they know from their research that aliens love snow very much.
Snow-loving aliens could be the reason some claim a spaceship was observed on Winter Park webcam flying above the ski area in November of last year.
Alien visitation with an excellent snow is a fantastic combination in the Winter Park. Hurlbert said that someone who monitors their cloud seeding had seen on the webcam a black dot that interestingly looks like an alien spaceship.
The black dot is reportedly not a plane or helicopter, but there are some who think it maybe some dirt or perhaps a spaceship.
According to some conspiracy theorists, it could be a craft from or to a secret alien base. It is being reported that the Winter Park area is the home of an alien base and this would not be a surprise for Hurlbert since the area has been known for years of being an excellent destination for second home owners.
The reported UFO has not been reported again, and Hurlbert is yet to see one of the alien ships himself in the Winter Park, but in case he sees one, he is always prepared with his ET mind control prevention aluminum hat.
Area 51 is a popular but not-so-affectionate moniker used to denote a remote Edwards Air Force Base detachment located in the Nevada Test and Training Range. More specifically, Area 51 lies inside Nevada's southernmost region, about 83 miles north-northwest of Las Vegas. A large military field is also located in its center near Groom Lake's southern edges. First acquired by the U.S. Air Force in 1955, the site's then stated main purpose was to serve as a testing facility for Lockheed U-2 aircraft. All this information was revealed in CIAdocuments that were declassified in 2013.
Area 51 true purposes are top-secret
Although the U.S. Armed Forces contend that Area 51's primary on-site activities and functions are classified, certain historical data reportedly suggest its most probable use as an experimental aircraft and weapons development and testing facility. Interestingly enough, the U.S. government has never declared it a secret base, but does classify all Area 51 events and research as Top Secret/Sensitive Compartmented Information.
Regardless of what's really going on in Area 51, its intensely secretive aura has sparked widespread conspiracy theories and made the base an integral feature of UFO folklore. Quite fittingly, areas in the immediate vicinity with very close proximity to Area 51 are collectively known as "Extraterrestrial Highway." A nearby town named Rachel is also reportedly a popular tourist attraction for precisely the same reason.
Area 51's entire border is plastered with conspicuously posted signs designed to warn the public that, "photography is prohibited," and the "use of deadly force is authorized," pursuant to 1950 McCarran Internal Security Act provisions. Likewise, all surrounding areas near Groom Lake are officially deemed as permanently off-limits to civilian and regular military aircraft. Personnel security clearances are frequently verified and even military pilot trainees at nearby NAFR face swift, severe discipline if they stray so much as a fractional millimeter into an "exclusionary box" around Groom Lake's airspace.
Furthermore, declassified government documents pertaining to the Nevada Test Site or Groom operations must be redacted to remove all references to Area 51. The sole known departure from this long-standing official practice was a Memorandum issued in 1967 by then CIA Director Richard Helms that mentioned "Three OXCART aircraft and ... necessary task force personnel will be [dispatched] to Kadena from Area 51." That verbiage was apparently overlooked by redacting editor(s).
Following nearly a full decade of persistent requests for disclosure pursuant to the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) by George Washington University National Security Archives Director Jeffrey Richelson, the CIA finally released an official history of OXCART and U-2 projects. That "simple" act was a historical event by itself, as it was the first official CIA acknowledgement that Area 51 even existed.
Area 51 inculcation into environmental litigation
Five private civilian contractors and two deceased contractors' widows filed suit against the U.S. Air Force and Environmental Protection Agency in 1994. Plaintiffs' legal counsel was George Washington University law professor Jonathan Turley, who claimed that his clients or their late spouses were present during the burning of a very large volume of unidentified chemicals in open pits on Groom.
Besides monetary compensation for serious bodily injuries like severe liver, skin and respiratory damage, plaintiffs demanded full disclosure of details about specific toxins to which they were allegedly exposed. However, government agency defendants refused to comply for various reasons that were reportedly stated so vaguely as to self-prove nothing more than thinly-veiled evasive tactics to conceal egregious negligence. Such blatant official disregard for the law sparked widespread theories of governmental conspiracies with much greater far-reaching implications than legal issues subsumed in the instant litigation.
One widely cited prominent example was a live interview televised by 60 Minutes, during which Congressman and former House Intelligence Committee Chairman Lee H. Hamilton publicly accused the U.S. Air Force for "classifying all [data] about Area 51 ... to protect [itself] from a lawsuit."
When the presiding federal judge rejected a government petition to exempt requested documents from mandatory FOIA disclosure, U.S. President Bill Clinton issued a Presidential Determination. That executive proclamation had the practical effect of exempting all requested documents from legally compelled disclosure. Consequently, the same federal judge who initially denied a government request to exempt relevant documents from forced disclosure was himself forced to dismiss the lawsuit for lack of legally competent supporting evidence.
Turley appealed to the Ninth Circuit U.S. Appeals Court on grounds of governmental abuse of vested power to classify information. Then incumbent Secretary of the U.S. Air Force Sheila Widnall filed an opposing legal memorandum that argued against mandatory disclosure on grounds that it could jeopardize the scope or nature of military operations. Ninth Circuit Court judges rejected Turley's appeal and the U.S. Supreme Court denied certiorari, thereby leaving plaintiffs with no legal recourse to pursue recovery for alleged damages.
In 2005, an Air Force website published a non-classified official memo with details about safe handling procedures for the same materials that plaintiffs previously requested but the government denied on grounds that it was classified. Soon after investigative journalists discovered it, the very damaging post suddenly disappeared.
Final remarks about Area 51
Based on above-reported findings, this author remains undecided as to whether Area 51 is legitimately classified or merely provides the feds with a convenient deeply shrouded "safe haven" for dirty secrets. In either case, one fact is certain. Human nature has long proven to spend at least ten times more thought on mysteries than known facts. Given that immutable timeless truth, the U.S. government might be best advised to jettison all cloak-and-dagger secrecy and just let whatever chips may fall simply land wherever they may. This recommendation stems from a second well-known reality that mere appearances can be far worse than case-specific factual circumstances that reside just beneath shallow surfaces.
On the other hand, public officials with sole discretion and exclusive possession of data with potentially vital import to public interests have strong disincentive to disclose information that may expose their own malfeasance. Hence, each reader must reach their own conclusions by using their own best judgment of all relevant facts reported.
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NASA DISCOVERED PROOF OF PORTALS OPENING UP ALL AROUND EARTH'S ORBIT
NASA DISCOVERED PROOF OF PORTALS OPENING UP ALL AROUND EARTH'S ORBIT
Portals have long been considered fictional, but it appears that NASA has gathered conclusive evidence of such doorways linking distant places in our solar system.
"We call them X-points, or electron diffusion regions,” explained plasma physicist Jack Scudder of the University of Iowa. “They’re places where the magnetic field of Earth connects to the magnetic field of the Sun, creating an uninterrupted path leading from our own planet to the Sun’s atmosphere 93 million miles away.”
As improbable as this may sound, it is all based on real science. These ‘X-points,’ as they were dubbed, are openings in space and time that connect all cosmic bodies with a magnetic field.
They were probably called X-points instead of wormholes to not draw too much attention to them.
At the moment, NASA and other space agencies are struggling to figure out a way to send material objects through these portals, as only energetic particles are known doing this before.
The new Magnetospheric Multiscale mission (MMS) will return high resolution images of these anomalous spots. In February 2017, the probes began a three-months journey into a higher orbit, reaching from middle to High Earth orbit, which is twice as far as previously flown.
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Onderzoekers wijzen 'nieuw' continent op aarde aan
Onderzoekers wijzen 'nieuw' continent op aarde aan
Caroline Kraaijvanger
Het continent heeft de naam Zealandia gekregen en bevat onder meer Nieuw-Zeeland en Nieuw-Caledonië.
Geologisch gezien telt de aarde op dit moment officieel zes continenten: Eurazië, Afrika, Noord-Amerika, Zuid-Amerika, Antarctica en Australië. Maar het lijstje is niet compleet, zo stellen onderzoekers nu in het blad GSA Today, een uitgave van de Geological Society of America. Er hoort een zevende continent in het lijstje: Zealandia.
De eisen Ze trekken die conclusie nadat ze de eigenschappen van het vermeende continent vergeleken met de vier criteria waar een continent – wil het die naam mogen dragen – aan moet voldoen. Allereerst moet het continent “in vergelijking met regio’s die bedekt zijn met een oceanische korst hoger gelegen zijn,” zo schrijven de onderzoekers. Daarnaast moet het een breed scala aan gesteenten bezitten (stollingsgesteenten, metamorfe- en sedimentaire gesteenten) en de aardkorst moet dikker zijn dan de oceanische korst. En ook moet het continent relatief groot zijn en duidelijk begrensd zijn.
Zealandia in volle glorie. Het grootste deel van het continent ligt onder water. Wat verder opvalt, is dat dwars door het continent een breuklijn loopt. Dat hoeft echter geen reden te zijn om Zealandia als een verzameling micro-continenten in plaats van één groot continent te zien. Er zijn immers wel meer continenten waar een breuklijn doorheen loopt. We zien dat bijvoorbeeld bij India dat ondanks de breuklijn toch tot Eurazië wordt gerekend. Dit plaatje laat ook heel goed zien dat Zealandia – hetzij nipt – los ligt van Australië en dus een op zichzelf staand continent is.
Afbeelding: GSA Today / doi: 10.1130/GSATG321A.1.
Aan alle eisen voldaan De onderzoekers stellen vervolgens dat Zealandia aan al deze eisen voldoet. Zo ligt het onder meer hoger dan de omringende oceanische korst. Ook is de continentale korst dik genoeg en zijn de drie typen gesteenten aanwezig. Het spannendst is nog het laatste criterium: de omvang van het continent. Want is Zealandia wel één geheel? Of is het meer een verzameling van kleine continentjes? Pas de laatste decennia zijn gegevens verzameld die gebruikt kunnen worden om deze vraag te beantwoorden. En dat hebben de onderzoekers ook gedaan. Ze moeten concluderen dat Zealandia geen verzameling micro-continenten, maar één geheel is. Dat geheel is zo’n 4,9 miljoen vierkante kilometer groot en onderscheidt zich duidelijk van het dichtstbijzijnde andere continent: Australië. Hoewel de twee continenten tegen elkaar aan gevlijd liggen, zit er toch nog zo’n 25 kilometer afstand tussen en daarmee is Zealandia toch een op zichzelf staand continent.
Jongste Het zou betekenen dat de aarde niet zes, maar zeven continenten telt. Zealandia is dan het jongste en dunste continent dat de aarde bezit. Daarnaast is er geen enkel ander continent dat voor zo’n groot deel door water bedekt wordt als Zealandia.
Net als India, Australië, Antarctica, Afrika en Zuid-Amerika maakte Zealandia ooit deel uit van Gondwana. Aan het eind van het Krijt zou Zealandia zich van Gondwana hebben afgescheiden. De ‘ontdekking’ van het continent is belangrijk, zo stellen de onderzoekers. Niet alleen omdat daarmee het lijstje met continenten compleet is, maar met name omdat het continent meer inzicht kan geven in de “cohesie en het uiteenvallen van de continentale korst”.
Organisch materiaal gevonden op dwergplaneet Ceres
Organisch materiaal gevonden op dwergplaneet Ceres
Tim Kraaijvanger
NASA’s Dawn-ruimtesonde heeft voor het eerst organisch materiaal gevonden op de dwergplaneet Ceres. Dit materiaal is gevormd op Ceres zelf en komt dus niet van buitenaf.
Het zijn zogenoemde alifatische verbindingen, oftewel bouwstenen van koolstof die mogelijk belangrijk waren voor de vorming van leven op aarde. Er zijn onvoldoende gegevens verzameld om de samenstelling van het organische materiaal vast te stellen. Toch lijken de materialen op teerachtige mineralen, zoals asfaltiet.
De onderzoekers denken dat het organische materiaal op Ceres zelf is gevormd. Als het materiaal van buitenaf is gekomen, dan kan dit maar op een manier: dankzij een meteorietinslag. Alleen zou de temperatuur dan zo hoog zijn, dat de organische verbindingen direct weer vernietigd zouden worden. Daarnaast zijn er op het oppervlak geen tekenen van een inslag te zien.
Het is aannemelijk dat het materiaal in het binnenste van Ceres is ontstaan. Ceres vertoont namelijk tekenen van hydrothermale activiteit, dus het binnenste van de dwergplaneet is nog niet helemaal afgekoeld. Bij de Occator-krater is een heldere vlek te zien, die rijk is aan carbonaatmineralen. Onderzoekers denken dat deze mineralen uit het binnenste zijn gesijpeld. Wellicht geldt dit ook voor het organische materiaal rondom de Ernutet-krater.
“Eerder vonden we al carbonaatmineralen, waterijs en zouten op Ceres”, vertelt onderzoeker Dr. Simone Marchi van het Southwest Research Institute. “Dankzij de nieuwe ontdekking van organisch materiaal op Ceres beschikt de dwergplaneet over de belangrijkste ingrediënten van leven.”
Stromatolites, like those found in the World Heritage Area of Shark Bay, Western Australia, may contain cyanobacteria, which were most likely Earth's first photosynthetic organisms.
Credit: Rob Bayer/Shutterstock
The earliest evidence for life on Earth arises among the oldest rocks still preserved on the planet.
Earth is about 4.5 billion years old, but the oldest rocks still in existence date back to just 4 billion years ago. Not long after that rock record begins, tantalizing evidence of life emerges: A set of filament-like fossils from Australia, reported in the journal Astrobiology in 2013, may be the remains of a microbial mat that might have been extracting energy from sunlight some 3.5 billion years ago. Another contender for world's oldest life is a set of rocks in Greenland that may hold the fossils of 3.7-billion-year-old colonies of cyanobacteria, which form layered structures called stromatolites.
Some scientists have claimed to see evidence of life in 3.8-billion-year-old rocks from Akilia Island, Greenland. The researchers first reported in 1996 in the journal Nature that isotopes (forms of an element with different numbers of neutrons) in those rocks might indicate ancient metabolic activity by some mystery microbe. Those findings have been hotly debated ever since — as, in fact, have all claims of early life.
Still, the fact that suggestive evidence of life arises right as the rock record begins raises a question, said University of California, Los Angeles, geochemist Elizabeth Bell in a SETI Talk in February 2016: Is the timing a coincidence, or were there earlier forms of life whose remnants disappeared with the planet's most ancient rocks?
These cone-shaped structures discovered in 3.7-billion-year-old rocks in Greenland, about the size of a quarter, may be fossilized colonies of microbes and the earliest fossils of life on Earth, researchers say.
Credit: Allen Nutman/Nature
The period that occurred before the rock record begins is known as the Hadean. It was an extreme time, when asteroids and meteorites pummeled the planet. Bell and her colleagues said they might have evidence that life arose during this very unpleasant time. In 2015, the research team reported discovering graphite, a form of carbon, in 4.1-billion-year-old crystals of zircon. The ratio of isotopes in the graphite suggested a biological origin, Bell and her colleagues wrote in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
"There is some skepticism, which is warranted," Bell told Live Science. Meteorites or chemical processes might have caused the odd carbon ratios, she said, so the isotopes alone aren't proof of life. Since the publication of the 2015 paper, Bell said, the researchers have found several more of the rare-carbon inclusions, which the scientists hope to analyze soon.
From what is known of this period, there would have been liquid water on the planet, Bell told Live Science in an interview. There might have been granite, continental-like crust, though that's controversial, she said. Any life that could have existed would have been a prokaryote (a single-celled organism without membrane-bound nuclei or cell organelles), Bell added. If there was continental crust on Earth at the time, she said, prokaryotes might have had mineral sources of nutrients like phosphorus.
A different approach to the hunt for Earth's early life suggests that oceanic hydrothermal vents may have hosted the first living things. In a paper published in July 2016 in the journal Nature Microbiology, researchers analyzed prokaryotes to find the proteins and genes common to all of these organisms, presumably the final remnants of the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) — the first shared relative from which all life today descends.
The research team found 355 proteins shared by all archaeal and bacterial lineages. Based on those proteins, the researchers reconstructed a view of LUCA's genome, hinting that it lived in an anaerobic (oxygen-free), hydrothermal environment. If that's the case, Earth's first life (or at least the first life that left descendants) would have resembled the microbes that cluster around deep-sea vents today, the researchers said.
Winston Churchill on Aliens: 1939 Essay Discovered
Winston Churchill on Aliens: 1939 Essay Discovered
By Sarah Lewin, Space.com Staff Writer
Winston Churchill (shown here at his daughter's wedding in September 1935) wrote an essay on alien life in 1939 when Europe was on the brink of war, shortly before he became prime minister of the United Kingdom.
Credit: Fox Photos / Stringer
Winston Churchill was known for his leadership during World War II, but a newfound essay on alien life reveals another side of him, one that was deeply curious about the universe.
"I, for one, am not so immensely impressed by the success we are making of our civilization here that I am prepared to think we are the only spot in this immense universe which contains living, thinking creatures," he wrote in the newly uncovered essay, "or that we are the highest type of mental and physical development which has ever appeared in the vast compass of space and time."
Besides being prime minister of the United Kingdom during the tumultuous years of World War II, the British statesman was also a prolific writer and proponent of science. In fact, he was the first prime minister to have a science advisor. Those traits converged in the newfound 11-page essay about the search for alien life, discovered at the Churchill Museum in Fulton, Missouri. It was first written in 1939 and was slightly revised in the late 1950s. [5 Bold Claims of Alien Life]
The museum's director, Timothy Riley, showed the document to astrophysicist Mario Livio, who described the work and Churchill's approach to science in an article published today (Feb. 15) in the journal Nature. Churchill's essay was titled "Are We Alone in the Universe?".
"I was amazed to see the title of this article, first of all," Livio, head of the Institute Science Division at the Space Telescope Science Institute, told Space.com. "And then I read it and was even more astonished, because I saw that this great politician is musing about a real scientific topic, an intriguing scientific topic, [and] he is reasoning about this in the same way that a scientist today would go about it."
Churchill was not a scientist, and when the politician composed the essay, Europe was on the brink of war, Livio said.
"And yet, at that time, he finds the time to contemplate such issues and think about things so clearly," Livio added.
Evaluating the likelihood of life
In the essay, Churchill first set out to define life, characterizing the most important quality as the ability to reproduce. He chose to consider "comparatively highly organized life," which Livio said is probably multicellular life. Churchill likely did this to avoid ambiguity for things like viruses, which are able to replicate but exhibit other characteristics that aren't terribly lifelike, Livio said.
Then, Churchill discussed where to look for life: in places with liquid water (or where liquid water can persist, which is what scientists now call the "habitable zone" around stars).
"Then, he says, OK, once we've defined life, what are the necessary ingredients for life to exist? And he identifies liquid water as one such ingredient," Livio said. "And that's exactly what we do today. Our searches for life in the universe today are primarily guided by liquid water."
In his essay, Churchill considered the solar system, deciding that only Mars and Venus could have fulfilled those conditions. The outer planets are too cold, Mercury is too hot on one side and too cold on the other, and the moon and asteroids have gravity too weak to trap the atmosphere, Livio wrote, summarizing Churchill's argument.
Then, Churchill discussed the possibility of planets outside the solar system — exoplanets — which had not yet been discovered. The model he considered, described by astrophysicist James Jean in 1917, predicted that planetary formation is very unlikely to occur. (The theory, which proved incorrect, described planets forming by the gas torn from a star when another star passes by it.)
"But the beautiful thing is, then he says, But wait! Maybe this theory is wrong! Why should we think that this theory is correct?" Livio said. Churchill added that the abundance of double stars suggests that planetary systems could form commonly.
In the article, Livio quoted Churchill's essay: "I am not sufficiently conceited to think that my sun is the only one with a family of planets." Churchill went on to posit that a large fraction of those planets would be the right size to keep water on their surface and maybe an atmosphere, and that some would be at the right distance from their stars to maintain a life-friendly temperature.
Livio said Churchill saw value in science, but the statesman took a nuanced approach. He understood that science was necessary to win the war effort, but also established an atmosphere in which science was important in its own right, and he wanted it to be used to improve the world.
"As a result of that, in the 1950s, came all these great discoveries," Livio said, citing milestones like finding the structure of DNA and developing radio astronomy, which stemmed from work on radar. "Once you generate the framework and the infrastructure for science to thrive, then a variety of discoveries come."
But Churchill also emphasized that science should work to advance humanity, Livio said.
"Later in life, he also understood that one cannot do the science in what he would call a moral vacuum," Livio said. "You need to embed all the scientific research and discoveries also in the context of human values, and an understanding of the human condition."
Livio emphasized that today, science has serious problems to address, particularly regarding food resources, climate change and disease. Churchill's approach to science is necessary, Livio said.
"All of those [concerns] require serious scientific input, so there must be the mechanisms in place to get that scientific input, and the correct scientific input — which means science advisors at high levels, and involvement of scientists in a variety of decisions concerning some of those challenges," Livio said. "It certainly doesn't help to shun sciences; some of these problems can turn into disasters if nothing is done."
As for the likelihood of life on other planets, over the past 20 years, scientists have discovered thousands of planets orbiting other stars and have made large strides in determining these worlds' characteristics remotely. But researchers have yet to discover definitive signs of life elsewhere in the universe, or to visit other planets in person to hunt for life. However, Churchill didn't want to put bounds on what advancing science or technology might bring, Livio said.
"When he discussed the possibility of traveling to other planets and things like that, he says, well maybe this isn't possible today but, he says, 'It is rash to set limits to the progress of science,'" Livio said. "Things that are not possible today, you shouldn't think that they would not be possible in the future."
Capture of an Orb/Disk Shaped Object During Air Display Show Puerto Varas, Chile 16th February 2017
Capture of an Orb/Disk Shaped Object During Air Display Show Puerto Varas, Chile 16th February 2017
Published on Feb 17, 2017
Interesting Capture of an Orb/Disk Shaped Object During Air Display Show in Puerto Varas, Chile 16th February 2017.
This fascinating Short piece of Video footage Appears to have captured an Orb/Disk Shaped Object, travelling at high Velocity dangerously close to a Stunt Display Aircraft, as it was carrying out a difficult Air Manoeuvre. During Air Displays worldwide there is a strict no Fly-Zone put in place around any Aircraft to protect it while carrying out its Display. I have inverted and filtered the source footage to enhance the detail.
Posted by Jason Gleaves, Ufonly, Facebook, Twitter and Google+, please like and share the page.
NASA's Dawn spacecraft has spotted organic molecules — the carbon-containing building blocks of life as we know it — on Ceres for the first time, a study published today (Feb. 16) in the journal Science reports.
"Because Ceres is a dwarf planet that may still preserve internal heat from its formation period and may even contain a subsurface ocean, this opens the possibility that primitive life could have developed on Ceres itself," Michael Küppers, a planetary scientist based at the European Space Astronomy Centre just outside Madrid, said in an accompanying "News and Views" article in the same issue of Science.
"It joins Mars and several satellites of the giant planets in the list of locations in the solar system that may harbor life," added Küppers, who was not involved in the organics discovery.
Data gathered by NASA's Dawn spacecraft show a region around Ceres' Ernutet crater where organic concentrations have been discovered (labeled "a" through "f"). The color coding shows the strength of the organics' absorption band, with warmer colors indicating the highest concentrations.
The $467 million Dawn mission launched in September 2007 to study Vesta and Ceres, the two largest objects in the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.
Dawn circled the 330-mile-wide (530 kilometers) Vesta from July 2011 through September 2012, when it departed for Ceres, which is 590 miles (950 km) across. Dawn arrived at the dwarf planet in March 2015, becoming the first spacecraft ever to orbit two different bodies beyond the Earth-moon system.
During its time at Ceres, Dawn has found bizarre bright spots on crater floors, discovered a likely ice volcano 2.5 miles (4 km) tall and helped scientists determine that water ice is common just beneath the surface, especially near the dwarf planet's poles.
The newly announced organics discovery adds to this list of achievements. The carbon-containing molecules — which Dawn spotted using its visible and infrared mapping spectrometer instrument — are concentrated in a 385-square-mile (1,000 square km) area near Ceres' 33-mile-wide (53 km) Ernutet crater, though there's also a much smaller patch about 250 miles (400 km) away, in a crater called Inamahari.
And there could be more such areas; the team surveyed only Ceres' middle latitudes, between 60 degrees north and 60 degrees south.
"We cannot exclude that there are other locations rich in organics not sampled by the survey, or below the detection limit," study lead author Maria Cristina De Sanctis, of the Institute for Space Astrophysics and Space Planetology in Rome, told Space.com via email.
Dawn's measurements aren't precise enough to nail down exactly what the newfound organics are, but their signatures are consistent with tar-like substances such as kerite and asphaltite, study teammembers said.
Organics probably native
"The organic-rich areas include carbonate and ammoniated species, which are clearly Ceres' endogenous material, making it unlikely that the organics arrived via an external impactor," co-author Simone Marchi, a senior research scientist at the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colorado, said in a statement.
In addition, the intense heat generated by an asteroid or comet strike likely would have destroyed the organics, further suggesting that the molecules are native to Ceres, study team members said.
The organics might have formed via reactions involving hot water, De Sanctis and her colleagues said. Indeed, "Ceres shows clear signatures of pervasive hydrothermal activity and aqueous alteration," they wrote in the new study.
Such activity likely would have taken place underground. Dawn mission scientists aren't sure yet how organics generated in the interior could make it up to the surface and leave the signatures observed by the spacecraft.
"The geological and morphological settings of Ernutet are still under investigation with the high-resolution data acquired in the last months, and we do not have a definitive answer for why Ernutet is so special," De Sanctis said.
It's already clear, however, that Ceres is a complex and intriguing world — one that astrobiologists are getting more and more excited about.
"In some ways, it is very similar to Europa and Enceladus," De Sanctis said, referring to ocean-harboring moons of Jupiter and Saturn, respectively.
"We see compounds on the surface of Ceres like the ones detected in the plume of Enceladus," she added. "Ceres' surface can be considered warmer with respect to the Saturnian and Jovian satellites, due to [its] distance from the sun. However, we do not have evidence of a subsurface ocean now on Ceres, but there are hints of subsurface recent fluids."
An artist’s impression of a Sun-like star close to a rapidly spinning supermassive black hole, with a mass of about 100 million times the mass of our sun. Credit: ESA/Hubble, ESO, M. Kornmesser
Our love of black holes continues to grow as our knowledge of these celestial bodies expands. The latest news is the discovery of a rare "middleweight" black hole, a relative newcomer to the black hole family.
We already knew that some black holes are just a few times the mass of our Sun, while others are more than a billion times as massive. But others with intermediate masses, such as the one 2,200 times the mass of our Sun recently discovered in the star cluster 47 Tucanae, are surprisingly elusive.
So what is it about black holes, these gravitational prisons that trap anything that gets too close to them, that captures the imagination of people of all ages and professions?
'Dark stars'
As far back as 1783, within the framework of Newtonian dynamics, the concept of "dark stars" with sufficiently high density that not even light can escape their gravitational pull had been advanced by the English philosopher and mathematician John Michell.
Almost immediately after Albert Einstein presented his theory of general relativity in 1915, which supplanted Newton's description of our Universe and revealed how space and time are intimately linked, fellow German Karl Schwarzschild and Dutchman Johannes Droste independently derived the new equations for a spherical or point mass.
Although at the time the issue was still something of a mathematical curiosity, over the ensuing quarter of a century nuclear physicists realised that sufficiently massive stars would collapse under their own weight to become these previously theorised black holes.
Their existence was eventually confirmed by astronomers using powerful telescopes, and more recently colliding black holes were the source of the gravitational waves detected with the LIGO instrumentation in the United States.
A dense object
The densities of such objects is mind-boggling. If our Sun were to become a black hole, it would need to collapse from its current size of 1.4 million km across to a diameter of less than 6km. Its average density within this "Schwarzschild radius" would be nearly 20 billion tonnes per cubic centimetre.
The increasing strength and pull of gravity as you get closer to a black hole can be dramatic.
On Earth, the strength of the gravitational pull holding you to its surface is roughly the same at your feet as it is at your head, which is a little bit farther away from the planet.
But near some black holes, the difference in gravitational pull from head to toe is so great that you would be pulled apart and stretched out on an atomic level, in a process referred to as spaghettification.
In 1958, the American physicist David Finkelstein was the first to realise the true nature of what has come to be called the "event horizon" of a black hole. He described this boundary around a black hole as the perfect unidirectional membrane.
It's an intangible surface encapsulating a sphere of no return. Once inside this sphere, the gravitational pull of the black hole is too great to escape – even for light.
In 1963, the New Zealand mathematician Roy Kerr solved the equations for the more realistic rotating black holes. These yielded closed time-like curves that permitted movement backwards through time.
While such strange solutions to the equations of general relativity first appeared in the 1949 work of Austrian-American logician Kurt Gödel, it is commonly thought that they must be a mathematical artefact yet to be explained away.
A video simulation of two black holes merging.
Black and white holes
In 1964, two Americans, the writer Ann Ewing and the theoretical physicist John Wheeler, introduced the term "black hole." Subsequently, in 1965, the Russian theoretical astrophysicist Igor Novikov introduced the term "white hole" to describe the hypothetical opposite of a black hole.
The argument was that if matter falls into a black hole, then perhaps it is spewed out into our universe from a white hole.
This idea is partly rooted in the mathematical concept known as an Einstein-Rosen bridge. Discovered (mathematically) in 1916 by the Austrian physicist Ludwig Flamm, and re-introduced in 1935 by Einstein and the American-Israeli physicist Nathan Rosen, it was later termed a "wormhole" by Wheeler.
In 1962, Wheeler and the American physicist Robert Fuller explained why such wormholes would be unstable for transporting even a single photon across the same universe.
Fact and fiction
Not surprisingly, the idea of entering a (black hole) portal and re-emerging somewhere else in the universe – in space and/or time – has spawned countless science fiction stories, including Doctor Who, Stargate, Fringe, Farscape and Disney's Black Hole.
Ongoing productions can simply claim that their characters are travelling to a different or a parallel universe to our own. While it appears to be mathematically feasible, there is of course no physical evidence to support the existences of such universes.
But this is not to say that time travel, at least in a limited sense, is not real. When travelling at great speed, or perhaps falling into a black hole, the passage of time does slow down relative to that experienced by stationary observers.
Clocks flown quickly around the world have demonstrated this, displaying time lags in accordance with Einstein's theory of special relativity.
The 2014 movie Interstellar played on this effect around a black hole, thereby creating a sense of travelling forward in time for astronaut Cooper (played by Matthew McConaughey).
Despite the strangely endearing name, the phrase "black hole" is perhaps somewhat misleading. It implies a hole in space-time through which matter will fall, as opposed to matter falling onto an incredibly dense object.
What actually exists within a black hole's event horizon is hotly debated. Attempts to understand this include the "fuzzball" picture from string theory, or descriptions of black holes in quantum gravity theories known as"spin foam networks" or "loop quantum gravity."
One thing that does seem certain is that black holes will continue to intrigue and fascinate us for some time yet."
This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the original article. Follow all of the Expert Voices issues and debates — and become part of the discussion — on Facebook, Twitter and Google +. The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher. This version of the article was published on Space.com.
Huge Alien Craft decloaks in weird shaped rainbow cloud over Washougal, WA
Huge Alien Craft decloaks in weird shaped rainbow cloud over Washougal, WA
The following images taken with a cell phone on July 9, 2016 show a decloaking UFO in a weird shaped rainbow cloud over Washougal, WA.
The photographer of the amazing images states: There are two witnesses including myself: Both professional and credible, one an engineer with academics US Air Force Academy (engineering) and Washington (Seattle), the other from University Of California.
One hour before the event we noticed some weird clouds so we decided to take some pictures. We then went to store and on return an hour later we noticed the weird clouds again but now from a marina 5 miles away.
We stopped to take more pictures as now two short and strange colored rainbows were a part of the scenarios. One rainbow is easily visible in the images.
Started taking pictures and within a 2 second window the clouds open up (cloak lost?), and you see what we saw...one witness almost fainted.
In person you could see that object was huge, and that pictures might only be seeing the bottom half of this "pyramid” on a side with sharp edges, but we could see relief and contours (vents, windows, appendages, etc.).
It was about 5 miles away, seemed like 5 miles wide by 8 miles long, the visible part, and there are no mountains even close to this area like that.
We watched for 15 minutes and it soon became cloaked again 20 minutes later but we did not see that actually occur. Mufon case 82110.
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UFO almost collides with plane of Chilean Air force during air show over Puerto Varas, Chile
UFO almost collides with plane of Chilean Air force during air show over Puerto Varas, Chile
A fast unidentified flying object seems to pass very close to a plane of the high aerobatics squad “Halcones Fach” of the Chilean Air Force during a full flight demonstration held in the city of Puerto Varas, Chile.
The object which comes very close to the plane crosses it’s path at high speed. Then the object makes a turn and disappears.
Several witnesses stated they saw several other unidentified flying objects close to the planes during the demonstration.
After the strange event happened on February 10, 2017, the unknown object has been the subject of much speculation (UFO, meteorite, bird or other plane) on social media.
Beste bezoeker, Heb je zelf al ooit een vreemde waarneming gedaan, laat dit dan even weten via email aan Frederick Delaere opwww.ufomeldpunt.be. Deze onderzoekers behandelen jouw melding in volledige anonimiteit en met alle respect voor jouw privacy. Ze zijn kritisch, objectief maar open minded aangelegd en zullen jou steeds een verklaring geven voor jouw waarneming! DUS AARZEL NIET, ALS JE EEN ANTWOORD OP JOUW VRAGEN WENST, CONTACTEER FREDERICK. BIJ VOORBAAT DANK...
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 73 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.