The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
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Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
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UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld Ontdek de Fascinerende Wereld van UFO's en UAP's: Jouw Bron voor Onthullende Informatie!
Ben jij ook gefascineerd door het onbekende? Wil je meer weten over UFO's en UAP's, niet alleen in België, maar over de hele wereld? Dan ben je op de juiste plek!
België: Het Kloppend Hart van UFO-onderzoek
In België is BUFON (Belgisch UFO-Netwerk) dé autoriteit op het gebied van UFO-onderzoek. Voor betrouwbare en objectieve informatie over deze intrigerende fenomenen, bezoek je zeker onze Facebook-pagina en deze blog. Maar dat is nog niet alles! Ontdek ook het Belgisch UFO-meldpunt en Caelestia, twee organisaties die diepgaand onderzoek verrichten, al zijn ze soms kritisch of sceptisch.
Nederland: Een Schat aan Informatie
Voor onze Nederlandse buren is er de schitterende website www.ufowijzer.nl, beheerd door Paul Harmans. Deze site biedt een schat aan informatie en artikelen die je niet wilt missen!
Internationaal: MUFON - De Wereldwijde Autoriteit
Neem ook een kijkje bij MUFON (Mutual UFO Network Inc.), een gerenommeerde Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in de VS en wereldwijd. MUFON is toegewijd aan de wetenschappelijke en analytische studie van het UFO-fenomeen, en hun maandelijkse tijdschrift, The MUFON UFO-Journal, is een must-read voor elke UFO-enthousiasteling. Bezoek hun website op www.mufon.com voor meer informatie.
Samenwerking en Toekomstvisie
Sinds 1 februari 2020 is Pieter niet alleen ex-president van BUFON, maar ook de voormalige nationale directeur van MUFON in Vlaanderen en Nederland. Dit creëert een sterke samenwerking met de Franse MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP, wat ons in staat stelt om nog meer waardevolle inzichten te delen.
Let op: Nepprofielen en Nieuwe Groeperingen
Pas op voor een nieuwe groepering die zich ook BUFON noemt, maar geen enkele connectie heeft met onze gevestigde organisatie. Hoewel zij de naam geregistreerd hebben, kunnen ze het rijke verleden en de expertise van onze groep niet evenaren. We wensen hen veel succes, maar we blijven de autoriteit in UFO-onderzoek!
Blijf Op De Hoogte!
Wil jij de laatste nieuwtjes over UFO's, ruimtevaart, archeologie, en meer? Volg ons dan en duik samen met ons in de fascinerende wereld van het onbekende! Sluit je aan bij de gemeenschap van nieuwsgierige geesten die net als jij verlangen naar antwoorden en avonturen in de sterren!
Heb je vragen of wil je meer weten? Aarzel dan niet om contact met ons op te nemen! Samen ontrafelen we het mysterie van de lucht en daarbuiten.
19-09-2017
RED, GREEN & YELLOW “FLYING SAUCERS” SPOTTED HOVERING OVER MILITARY BASES FOR TWO HOURS IN ANTARCTICA
RED, GREEN & YELLOW “FLYING SAUCERS” SPOTTED HOVERING OVER MILITARY BASES FOR TWO HOURS IN ANTARCTICA
The third director of the post-World War II United States Central Intelligence Group (CIG), the third director of Central Intelligence (DCI), and the very first director of the Central Intelligence Agency, Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter, oncetold the world, via the New York Times in 1960, that, “behind the scenes, high ranking Air Force officers are soberly concerned about UFOs,” and that, “through official secrecy and ridicule, many citizens are led to believe the unknown flying objects are nonsense.”
The key words are here are “official secrecy and ridicule,” which is why, for so many years, you were perceived as a crazy person at the slightest mention of UFOs, let alone intelligent extraterrestrial life.
Today, however, it’s a much different story. Hundreds of thousands of pages of de-classified documents show, beyond a shadow of a doubt, that intelligence agencies and global militaries have an extremely high interest in the UFO phenomenon, and have had this interest for a very long time.
For example, just go to the CIA’s Freedom of Information Act electronic reading room, and type in the word “UFO,” and you’ll see for yourself. There is no shortage of interesting documents that span not only the CIA’s website, but on a global scale.
“Everything is in a process of investigation both in the United States and in Spain, as well as the rest of the world. The nations of the world are currently working together in the investigation of the UFO phenomenon. There is an international exchange of data.”
– General Carlos Castro Cavero (1979).
On top of documents, their release has sparked a number of high-ranking officials from various fields, from top military brass, politicians, and credible figures from within academia, astronauts and more. Here’s one of hundreds of statements.
“There is a serious possibility that we are being visited and have been visited for many years by people from outer space, from other civilizations. That it behooves us, in case of these people in the future or now should turn hostile, to find out who they are, where they come from, and what they want. This should be the subject of rigorous scientific investigation and not the subject of ‘rubishing’ by tabloid newspapers.”
– Lord Admiral Hill-Norton, Former Chief of Defence Staff, 5 Star Admiral of the Royal Navy, Chairman of the NATO Military Committee
The Document Referencing Red, Green & Yellow “Flying Saucers”
This document, straight from the CIA , relays several pieces of information, with the part about these UFOs highlighted in brackets, which suggests special attention paid to it. It goes to show just how interested, and how important this topic is within the intelligence community. They’ve been studying it for years under the guise of “national security,” a term now used to classify everything, and protect the interests of the global elite as well as allow them to basically do whatever they please, with justification.
It states as follows:
“ANTARCTIC FLYING SAUCERS” – A group of red, green, yellow has been seen flying over Deception Island for two hours by Argentine, Chilean and British bases (military) in Antarctica. The flying saucers were also seen flying in formation over the South Orkney islands in quick circles.”
It’s strange how other unrelated factors are inserted into the document, and interesting how this part is highlighted.
Quite telling isn’t it? What’s even more interesting is that this document is more than five decades old, dating back to 1965.
It highlights one of the main questions that the release of these documents have raised: we now know that groups like the CIA have been putting a tremendous amount of resources into studying this topic, and it makes you wonder, what type of information do they have now, more than five decades later? What have they found out with regard to who/what are operating these things, how they work, where they come from, and what their intentions are?
This information is most likely locked up in Special Access Programs (SAPs), within the Black-Budget.com (containing unacknowledged and waived SAPs). These programs do not exist publicly, but they do indeed exist. They are better known as ‘deep black programs.’ A 1997 US Senate report described them as “so sensitive that they are exempt from standard reporting requirements to the Congress.” You can read more about that here.
Judging by the fact that there is substantial evidence that the Germans were making flying saucers as far back as 1941, as well as other countries, could these particular “flying saucers” be crafted by another country? Perhaps manufactured by the Germans, soviets, China, or whoever, to conduct reconnaissance missions over other countries’ military installations?
UFOs over military installations are nothing new. For example, the picture below is a real picture taken in August of 1952. It’s a photograph of multiple UFOs taken by the Coast Guard photographer at the time above a US military installation, a common place for UFO sightings. The photo was classified by the US government, and then later approved for release. It was witnessed by multiple ‘professional’ people.
So, where does the extraterrestrial hypothesis come in? Well, a large part of it is due to the fact that multiple high ranking people from various fields, including those from within the intelligence/military community, have flat out said, on multiple occasions, that these agencies are aware of multiple races that have made contact with the human race, or certain individuals of the human race.
For example, whether it be an Apollo 14 astronaut (6th man to walk on the moon) Dr. Edgar Mitchell stating that “there have been crashed craft and bodies recovered” or that he has been “privileged enough to be in on the fact that we have been visiting on this planet, and the UFO phenomenon is real,” or academicians likes Harvard University psychologist and Pulitzer prize winner Dr. John E. Mack saying “Yes, it’s both literally and physically happening,” there is no shortage of information to suspect that the extraterrestrial hypothesis is highly plausible.
“There is another way, whether it’s wormholes or warping space, there’s got to be a way to generate energy so that you can pull it out of the vacuum, and the fact that they’re here shows us that they found a way.”
–Dr. Jack Kasher, Ph.D, Professor Emeritus of Physics at the University of Nebraska.
I’ll leave you with this quote below, which was also given many decades ago by British Scientist, and Emeritus Professor of Applied Physics at Stanford University Peter A. Sturrock. Sturrock and a number of other notable scientists around the world came together during the 1990s in order to examine the physical evidence that is commonly associated with the UFO phenomenon. One example used by Sturrock in his analysis was a photo taken by two Royal Canadian Air Force pilots on August 27th, 1956, in Macleod, Alberta, Canada. (“Physical Evidence Related To UFO Reports” – The Sturrock Panel Report – Electromagnetic Effects) (source) (source)
“If it does indeed turn out that there is relevant physical evidence, if this evidence is carefully collected and analyzed, and if this analysis leads to the identification of several facts concerning the UFO phenomenon, then will be the time for scientists to step back and ask, what are these facts trying to tell us? If those facts are strong enough to lead to a firm conclusion, then will be the time to confront the more bizarre questions. If, for instance, it turns out that all physical evidence is consistent with a mundane interpretation of the causes of UFO reports, there will be little reason to continue to speculate about the role of extraterrestrial beings. If, on the other hand, the analysis of physical evidence turns up very strong evidence that objects related with UFO reports were manufactured outside the solar system, then one must obviously consider very seriously that the phenomenon involves not only extraterrestrial vehicles but probably also extraterrestrial beings.” (source)
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
Rode, gele en groene vliegende schotels hangen uren boven bases op Zuidpool. Lees erover in dit CIA-document
Rode, gele en groene vliegende schotels hangen uren boven bases op Zuidpool. Lees erover in dit CIA-document
In het internetarchief van de CIA iseen documentte vinden waarin wordt gesproken over vliegende schotels die boven de Zuidpool zijn gesignaleerd.
De spionagedienst was kennelijk erg geïnteresseerd in het bericht over de vliegende objecten, want het is tussen haken geplaatst.
In het bericht valt te lezen dat een groep rode, groene en gele vliegende schotels is gezien boven het eiland Deception.
Formatie
De waarneming is gedaan vanaf Argentijnse, Chileense en Britse bases op Antarctica. De UFO’s bleven twee uur lang in het gebied.
Er wordt verder gemeld dat de vliegende schotels ook in formatie cirkels vlogen boven de Zuidelijke Orkneyeilanden.
Het bericht, dat dateert van juli 1965, doet een aantal vragen rijzen. Door wie werden de UFO’s bestuurd en waar kwamen ze vandaan? En wat is er sindsdien nog meer waargenomen boven de Zuidpool?
Ingang
Het is bekend dat de nazi’s al werkten aan vliegende schotels en volgens verschillende theorieën hadden zij allerlei bases op de Zuidpool.
Een voormalige Amerikaanse marineofficier vertelde daarnaast dat hij op Antarctica de ingang naar een geheime UFO-basis heeft gezien.
Hij deed zijn onthulling tegenover onderzoeksjournaliste Linda Moulton Howe van Earthfiles.com. Ze zegt meerdere keren te hebben gesproken met de klokkenluider, die zich Brian noemt.
Aliens
Brian (59) maakte naar eigen zeggen onderdeel uit van een bemanning die door een no-flyzone boven Antarctica vloog en daar UFO’s, aliens en een ingang naar een basis heeft gezien.
Hij zei dat hij tussen 1983 en 1997 gestationeerd was op het continent en verschillende keren ‘zilverkleurige schijven’ heeft gezien boven het Transantarctisch Gebergte.
Hij claimde dat mensen en aliens er samenwerken en dat er topgeheime projecten worden uitgevoerd.
There is a race of beings upon the planet, increasing in number, although visually and physically indistinguishable to most humans. They are here to guide the awaking of terrestrial consciousness.
Many of them are star children born these days have memories intact from previous existence on board craft as extraterrestrials. They are kept on track by continuing their interaction with their cosmic family while they are in human form.
For example:
Aiden 5 years: I don’t mind going through walls, and I learn more on the ships than I do at school. They only come at night, float not walk, there are blue ones too, like ones I’ve seen in my mind’s eye.
Jena 8 years: Sometimes get a headache, my heads so small, I can’t always take it in so quickly. It’s like knowledge bombs are being dropped on my head.
Adult Star Child: Remembering what I did before is like remembering a dream. It does not mean it was not real, it means that the mechanical thought process lies outside my now normal conscious thinking. It lies on the outer ridge of my mind, you have just to find the edges and go further.
Star Children: Memories of being on space craft and being educated Have past life memories including ones where they are NOT human Information that they have not consciously learnt Sense of mission Feel alienated Very intelligent and intuitively creative
Traits of Star Child: Superior mental and analytical capabilities Direct connection to higher awareness Extreme sensitivity to though and emotion enhanced DNA Photographic memories Fast motor neuron response Manipulation of time and space Non verbal communication
New Studies:
Star children Himalayas: Strange behavior Children use unknown sign languages Children draw pictures of triangular objects flying in the sky Children communicate telepathy with unseen ETs
Star children Mexico: Mexican children also manifest similar behavior, when many in the area reported for a long time UFO sightings Problem solving skills have increased and they are much more disciplined Continually use a strange sign language among themselves
In Mexico City 1000 children are able to ‘see’ with various parts of their body
Star children China: Very psychic and intuitive Some have the ability to open flower buds by thought alone Display telekinetic abilities as well as other fascinating multi dimensional skills, such as sensing another’s thoughts (telepathy)
The above findings closely match Mr. Cati’s latest analyses regarding a large scale alien invasion of select human beings, by an alien race that uses the host bodies of human hosts to covertly and secretly exist on planet earth while outwardly appearing as humans whereby according to Mr.Cati this seasons hurricane names list contains codes relevant to the selected human beings aka child children, the new cosmic humans. See here Mr.Cati’s analysis.
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STRANGE OBJECTS ARE WASHING UP ON NORTH CAROLINA'S MYSTERIOUS NEW ISLAND
STRANGE OBJECTS ARE WASHING UP ON NORTH CAROLINA'S MYSTERIOUS NEW ISLAND
Climate change has been causing havoc with planet Earth as we have seen some of the deadliest of storms, sea levels rising along with temperatures and changes to climate patterns that bring about strange and unforeseen effects.
One of these is the emergence of a new island from the waters of the Outer Banks in North Carolina.
NEW ISLAND FORMED OFF THE NORTH CAROLINA COAST
The island started out as just a small sandbar that was frequented by stingrays and sharks and which was accessible only by boat. It was not long before it turned into a fully-fledged island which can now be walked to.
The local people in the region have named it Shelly Island thanks to the huge amount of shells found in the virgin sand. However, stranger things have been turning up on the island more recently.
MYSTERY OBJECTS WASH UP ONTO NEW ISLAND IN NORTH CAROLINA
Now another strange object has made an appearance on the island and this time it has not only baffled the local beach-goers but also historians. The object in question was found by the Hoffman family who was visiting from Virginia. The son-in-law Dan found the weird object and his mother in law told him that it was perhaps treasured from a shipwreck off the Outer Banks. She went on to say that whatever the object is, it is old and has been in the ocean for some time.
The Hoffman family contact Jami Lanier, a local historian at the Cape Hatteras National Seashore, but Lanier was not able to identify the mystery object. Lanier said that it is difficult to tell what it is as there is plenty of encrustation, but it could be some instrument used on a watercraft. Now Lanier is going to ask marine archaeologists if they can help to determine what the object is.
Many strange and mysterious objects have been found recently on beaches. Someone found a starfish that was made of a strange metal just off Rhode Island and someone else found a wooden structure that has not been identified in Canada. It does make one wonder what else might drift up from the bottom of the sea onto a beach in the future.
NEW ISLAND WAS EVACUATED DUE TO A BOMB
Just a few months back the island was evacuated when an object that was bomb shaped was found to be buried in the sand of the island. The officials from the US Coast Guard, US Navy, Dare County Emergency Management and National Park Service became interested in the island, and a team was called to examine the new found strange object. It was said to be a leftover training device from World War II, but one week later a real bomb was discovered on the same island, and this time ordnance disposal teams were sent to detonate it.
MARS HOSTED LIVE IN THE ANCIENT PAST! NEW EVIDENCE DISCOVERED
MARS HOSTED LIVE IN THE ANCIENT PAST! NEW EVIDENCE DISCOVERED
Researchers working with NASA’s Mars Curiosity Rover have announced that the expedition has discovered traces of boron in the ancient Gale Crater, which is approximately 3.8 billion years old.
This discovery has caused a great deal of excitement amongst astrobiologists who have pointed out that the traces of boron suggest that Mars might have been capable of supporting life on its surface at some point in the distant past.
Boron is considered to be of the utmost interest to astrobiologists who search for traces of life on other planets. This is because it is essential to the stabilization of the sugar molecule known as ribose. Ribose is one of the main components of ribonucleic acid (RNA), a molecule which is present in all living cells and a driving force behind metabolic processes. This incredibly valuable molecule is known to be very unstable and requires boron to keep it in shape so that it can form RNA.
It is believed that the earliest ‘proto-life’ that existed on the planet Earth emerged from what scientists refer to as an ‘RNA World.' According to some scientists, this would have entailed the collation of individual RNA strands containing information which would have formed the ability to replicate themselves and form the foundation of the basic life system which is the origin of all life on the planet today.
Given the importance of boron in establishing RNA, scientists have suggested that its presence on Mars could indicate that there was once life on the Red Planet. "Because borates may play an important role in making RNA — one of the building blocks of life — finding boron on Mars further opens the possibility that life could have once arisen on the planet, "said Patrick Gasda, a postdoctoral researcher at Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico who has been working on this study. "Borates are one possible bridge from simple organic molecules to RNA, "he continued, "Without RNA, you have no life. The presence of boron tells us that, if organics were present on Mars, these chemical reactions could have occurred." According to Gasda, this is further proof that the conditions for life on Mars were in place in the ancient past and that these life forms were completely independent from those on planet Earth.
This is not the first time that the Mars Curiosity Rover has turned up evidence which indicates that life could have once existed on the Red Planet. Since 2012, the mission has discovered a lot of evidence which strongly suggests that Mars was once teeming with water. Curiosity has discovered evidence of a lake and stream system within the Gale Crater, where the traces of boron were found. In addition to that, the slopes of Mount Sharp in the center of the crater appears to have been formed by the process of movement of an ancient water system.
Earth is a miraculous being. We have lived on this planet for centuries and still haven’t learned of all its magnificent depths and crevices. Yet, beyond the mysteries of our own home, we have the beauty of the stars to consider, which inevitably leaves us wondering, what else is beyond this blanket of darkness and twinkling lights? While we have discovered much about our solar system and neighbouring planets, there is still plenty more to learn.
In 2011, Nasa launched a space probe called Juno which is currently orbiting Jupiter. Juno finally began its scientific investigation of the planet when it entered orbit on July 5, 2016. The mission aims to learn more about how the planet formed, its composition, the amount of water present within the deep atmosphere, and its mass distribution. It will also measure its deep winds, which have been noted to reach speeds of up to 618 kilometers per hour (384 mph), and its gravity field, magnetic field, and polar magnetosphere.
On July 10, Juno completed a close flyby of Jupiter and its Great Red Spot during its sixth science orbit. “For generations people from all over the world and all walks of life have marveled over the Great Red Spot,” said Scott Bolton, principal investigator of Juno from the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio. “Now we are finally going to see what this storm looks like up close and personal.”
On Friday, September 1, the JunoCam collected more images of this magnificent gas giant from its seventh science orbit, and NASA put the raw images online. In the following photos you will see what seems to be a large storm cutting into the side of the planet, creating a rather lovely pattern, along with amazing closeups of the clouds, a shadow on Jupiter caused by one of its moons, and hurricanes making their way across the planet. As an additional treat, there is also a video stitching together images as Juno flew over Jupiter.
Juno’s missions is scheduled to end in July 2018 but the mission could be extended if all continues to go well.
ASTRONAUT APPEARS TO BE TRYING TO HIDE UFOS NEAR ISS
ASTRONAUT APPEARS TO BE TRYING TO HIDE UFOS NEAR ISS
NASA has been accused of cutting their ISS live feed a number of times over the last few years as alleged UFO’s have flown into the view of the camera. Like clockwork each time, the feed goes down. Here’s thefirst timeit happened, and here is the second.
Now there are often claims that what we see floating around in space is nothing more than space junk. While there is obviously space junk floating around in space, space junk doesn’t tend to slow down, make sharp turns and speed up as an intelligently controlled craft would. Precisely why the videos above and the one we are going to explore below are obviously not space junk.
It’s also commonly brought up that NASA would have no reason to hide anything, this usually comes up as a result of people not quite understanding the depth of the UFO and ET coverup that has been going on for many decades. While this can be a complicated subject, many people have gone into very credible detail describing precisely how this works. In fact, a new film called Unacknowledged goes into this in extraordinary detail. I highly suggest checking it out as it’s important to be informed on this issue vs simply blindly dismissing it.
Millions of files have been disclosed to the public via declassification and FOIA that have brought forth more evidence than anyone could possibly need to approach this subject seriously. This is why I encourage people to watch the film Unacknowledged because it details the bevy of hard evidence from verified declassified documents and credible whistleblowers. Our governments, military and high profile personnel take this matter very seriously, but on a public level we are being manipulated into seeing it as a mockery. But that’s changing, and disclosure is becoming one of the most sought after subjects in the world.
Along with the blind denial, there is a mockery made of the subject. People have been trained to think about it as a joke by the media so as to keep the subject covered up and quiet, and there are many reasons for that. It is often said by experts in this field that the UFO cover up is one of the greatest criminal cover ups of all time. You can hear our extended Richard Dolan interview to learn more about this.
“There is abundant evidence that we are being contacted, that civilizations have been visiting us for a very long time. That their appearance is bizarre from any kind of traditional materialistic western point of view, that these visitors use the technologies of consciousness, they use toroids, they use co-rotating magnetic disks for their propulsion systems, that seems to be a common denominator of the UFO phenomenon.”
In the video below you will see a UFO come into frame. This is followed by the astronaut bringing his/her hand up and covering the area where the camera would be able to see.
Then, you see a number of objects fly by, but you will see a number of other flying objects. Then the astronaut pans the camera away from the area.
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Astronaut lijkt UFO’s bij ISS te willen verbergen. Wat gebeurt hier?
Astronaut lijkt UFO’s bij ISS te willen verbergen. Wat gebeurt hier?
NASA is al een aantal keren beschuldigd van het uitschakelen van de livestream nadat er een UFO in beeld verschenen was.
Iedere keer als er een onbekend object verschijnt, gaat het beeld op zwart. Veel mensen stellen dat het ruimteagentschap iets te verbergen heeft.
Dat blijkt ook uit de film Unacknowledged, die onlangs op Netflix is gezet. De recente docu onthult hoe de Amerikaanse geheime diensten alle bewijzen over het bestaan van buitenaardse wezens in de doofpot hebben gestopt.
Hand
Eén van de theorieën die in de film geopperd worden is dat Marilyn Monroe vermoord is door de CIA omdat ze gesproken had met een journalist die onderzoek deed naar het Roswellincident.
Astronauten aan boord van het internationale ruimtestation ISS zouden zelfs doelbewust bewijs voor UFO’s verbergen.
In een filmpje op YouTube is een astronaut van het ISS te zien met op de achtergrond de aarde. Op het moment dat in de verte mysterieuze lichten in beeld komen, doet hij zijn hand voor de camera.
Liegt
Hetzelfde gebeurt in een ander fragment, waarin een oplichtend object voor de aarde langs zoeft. Opnieuw wordt het beeld afgedekt door een witte handschoen.
Complottheoretici zien hier bewijs in dat we niet alleen zijn in het heelal en dat de overheid tegen ons liegt.
“Dit zijn indrukwekkende beelden,” reageerde iemand. “Ik heb zoiets nog nooit gezien. Hoe kan iemand dit debunken?”
ASTRONOMERS DISCOVERED AN OBJECT TRAVELING AT 99.99999999999999999999951% OF THE SPEED OF LIGHT
ASTRONOMERS DISCOVERED AN OBJECT TRAVELING AT 99.99999999999999999999951% OF THE SPEED OF LIGHT
One of the most entertaining names that I’ve come across in the physics sector is the “Oh My God Particle.” Scientists also refer to this particle as the “ermahgerd particle” (kidding, kidding. It’s not really called that, but it is called the “Oh My God Particle”). Now, the first thing that may pop into some of your minds is the Higgs Boson, which was discovered in 2012. This isn’t too surprising as the media went around calling it the “God Particle.” However, these two particles are very different. So what is the Oh My God Particle? Well it is a simple, lowly proton. So why the name?
This proton had the effective mass-energy of a baseball traveling at 90 km/h (56 mph)! This type of particle is known as a cosmic ray, they’re generally just protons but can sometimes be a Helium atom or even an electron. What makes them so interesting is that they’re traveling very near the speed of light, and the Oh My God Particle is the fastest ever found.
Discovered back in 1991 in Utah, this very high energy particle is likely to have originated from around the Supermassive Black Hole in the galaxy Centaurus A before it made its journey to the Earth. Now we mentioned that it was traveling near the speed of light… Well how near? Well this proton had a energy level of about 50 joules of energy, which is enough to briefly light up a 50 Watt light bulb. This may not seem like much energy, but since a single proton weighs 1.67e-27 kg (or 0.167 with 26 zeroes before it), it must have had an incredible speed. And that speed has been calculated to being about 99.9999999999999999999995% of the speed of light! That means that, per a second, it was traveling only 1.5 quadrillionths of a meter slower than the speed of light. Not to worry though, even though this particle had the mass-energy of a baseball, if you were to be hit by one of these in the head while walking down the street, you wouldn’t be knocked unconscious. I hope now you can appreciate why it is called the Oh My God Particle…the scientists that detected this particle probably yelled that out when they worked out how fast that single proton was traveling.
The hidden world under Antarctica: Researchers reveal what lies beneath the ice
The hidden world under Antarctica: Researchers reveal what lies beneath the ice
Researchers have revealed what actually lies under the western parts of the icy continent of Antarctica.
There is a hidden world under Antarctica, in a new study, researchers have shown giant ‘wetlands’ 800 metres beneath the Ice in western Antarctica. Thanks to the Whillans Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (WISSARD) project financed by the National Science Foundation (NSF) researchers are one step closer to discovering exactly what lies beneath the thick ice sheets covering most parts of the icy continent.
Reports indicate that Lake Whillans — first discovered in 2007, covering a staggering area of 20sq miles— which lies beneath 800 meters of ice in Western Antarctica is eerily similar to a ‘wetland.’
Researchers hope that further studies will allow them to understand how sea levels rise, and how ice behaves in response to global warming.
“It is amazing to think that we did not know that this lake even existed until a decade ago.,’ said Helen Amanda Fricker of Scripps, who initially discovered Subglacial Lake Whillans in 2007 from satellite data.
‘It is exciting to see such a rich dataset from the lake, and these new data are helping us understand how lakes function as part of the ice-sheet system.”
Researchers now know that Subglacial Lake Shillans is fed by ice ad contains small amounts of seawater from ancient marine sediments which can be found on the seabed of the lake. The water of the lake periodically drains to the ocean through some channels connecting the lake, however, with insufficient energy to carry much sediment.
The new data will allow researcher to better comprehend the extensive biogeochemistry and mechanics of Lake Whillans, but will also help them improve current models of how Antarctic subglacial lake systems interact with the ice located on the surface and the sediments located below it
Three separate papers analyzed the studies obtained in January of 2013, when the WISSARD project managed to successfully drill through the ice sheet reaching Subglacial Lake Whillan, retrieving water and sediment samples from a body of water that had remained in isolation from direct contact with Earths Atmosphere for thousands of years.
Two of the most interesting papers were those published in Geology and the journal Earth and Planetary Science Letters.
According to lead author Alexander Michaud, of Montana State University, they used data taken from a 38-centimeter (15-inch) long core of lake sediment to characterize the water chemistry of the subglacial lake and its sediments. They discovered that lake water primarily originates from melting at the base of the ice sheet covering the subglacial lake and that there was a minor contribution from seawater, trapped in the sediments under the ice during the last interglacial period, a time when the Antarctic ice sheet eventually retreated.
Scientists have found that the ancient, isolated reservoir of ocean water has the ability to affect the biogeochemistry of this lake system.
The second paper published in the journal Earth and Planetary Science Letters, lead author Timothy Hodson of Northern Illinois University and his colleagues looked at core sediments taken fro the lake in hopes of discovering more about the relationship of the ice sheet, subglacial hydrology, and underlying sediments. Their discoveries show that while numerous floods pass through the lake every once in a while, the flow of the floods lacks energy in order to erode extensive drainage channels.
Researchers concluded that that the environment beneath the Icy continent is very similar to a wetland within the coastal plain on other parts of the planet.
What we have to understand is that around 170 million years ago, Antarctica was part of the supercontinent called Gondwana. Around 25 million years ago, Antarctica as we know it, gradually broke apart from Gondwana.
According to research, Antarctica was not always cold, dry, and covered in ice sheets. Au contraire, during its long history, Antarctica was located farther north and experienced a tropical or temperate climate, meaning that it was covered in forests, and inhabited by various ancient life forms.
UFOs in the sky above Cessnock and Singleton weren't from another planet
UFOs in the sky above Cessnock and Singleton weren't from another planet
Damon Cronshaw
UFO: A strange triangular-shaped craft spotted in the sky, south-west
UFO south-west of Cessnock.
UFO: Strange triangular-shaped lights in the sky spotted south-west of Cessnock
... UFO sighting in Hunter Valley sky | VIDEO, PHOTOS, POLL .
Could they be UFOs or some kind of military craft?
This thought came to mind when a man reported dozens of lights in the night sky south-west of Cessnock and north towards Singleton.
The man captured the lights on video. Some lights were still, some were flashing.
The man, who did not want to be named, first saw the lights while out on his deck, calling his dog in.
He lives in an area surrounded by bush and state forest near the Watagan Mountains, not far from the Laguna area.
“Looking to the north, I noticed three flashing lights coming towards me,” he said.
“All of a sudden one went to the left, the other to the right, and the third one kept coming our way.”
Soon others came over the horizon, shocking the man and his wife.
They’d lived in the area for years, but had never noticed so many lights in the sky before.
“I noticed most of them did a U-turn and went back again. I thought ‘this is strange, am I in a movie, like one of those attacks from Mars,” he said.
“There were so many out there, it was such a spectacle.”
The man said that helicopters and aeroplanes occasionally fly over, but “this seemed quite odd” because the craft were “flying together”.
“Normally when an aeroplane or helicopter goes by, we can hear it – even in the house.
“These were quiet.”
The Singleton Military Area is to the north of the man’s property. A Department of Defence spokesman said Singleton barracks “didn’t have anything going on which they think could have been responsible”.
The man said the craft first appeared in the sky about 8pm on Thursday.
“Most had three or four flashing lights on them,” he said.
“They turned around and went back north. By 8.30pm, they were all gone and the sky was clear of these flashing lights.”
About 15 to 20 minutes later, the aircraft had returned.
He could see them for another half hour or so.
“At the very end, there was only one or two I could see doing this strange kind of loop,” he said.
“They were coming out from north to south, then they turned around and went back north again.”
Did he think they were UFOs?
“The first thing my wife said was ‘they’re UFOs’, but I don’t really believe in UFOs.”
He thought they could possibly be military drones.
He wondered if someone could help identify the craft.
“I’m curious because it’s an odd thing and I don’t have an explanation,” the man said.
“I’m one of those people that likes to have an answer to these things. Maybe somebody else saw it. If a number of people saw it, there could be different perspectives on it.
“Someone in the aeronautics industry might recognise the lights and know what kind of craft it is.”
Topics posted the man’s story on Reddit and YouTube.
Thankfully someone out there in internet land was able to solve the mystery.
A post under the name HydraMonkey, said the lights came from “regional link flights placed into holding whilst waiting to land” at Sydney Airport.
“The article says the flights started at about 8pm. At that time there were three flights in holding just south of the Singleton Military Area with a Virgin flight just breaking from holding and moving south.
“To the west three larger jets are moving to final approach for Sydney.”
But why did the man not hear any sound coming from the planes?
“There was a very strong westerly blowing wind on Thursday that went as far to affect normal flights at Sydney,” HydraMonkey said.
“Depending on where he was, the wind might have been moving sound away from him.”
If anyone has a UFO story to share, let us know at topics@theherald.com.au.
A Plymouth man is among three people who claim they have photographed and filmed a UFO in skies over Plymouth.
The Herald reported last week how Alan Kingwell, 62, shot a timelapse video in his garden - and later discovered the mysterious dark shapes when he edited the film.
The video shows two dark shapes "flying" motionlessly in the blue sky and sometimes being covered by clouds.
The suspected UFO over Plymouth, filmed from Liskeard(Image: Alan Kingwell)
And after seeing similar shapes on one of his photographs, David Shepherd, from Plymstock, believes he may have seen the same thing.
Mr Shepherd reckons he photographed a "block blob" earlier in the summer.
After his eye was caught by an ‘X’ shape of airplane contrails in the sky, David noticed a little black shape beneath them which he believes “looked similar” to the one seen in Mr Kingwell's footage.
Like the potential UFO seen on the video sent in by Alan, the black shape seemed to linger for “about 10 minutes” and then disappeared suddenly.
David Shepherd, from Plymstock, took this photograph(Image: David Shepherd)
And John Mooner, from Newton Abbot, has also seen a similar thing on September 15.
"I was sky watching looking for anything out of the ordinary when I started to look around the edge of some far off clouds through my Nikon P900 camera viewfinder," he said.
"The camera was zoomed in about half way and that's when I spotted it. There was an object that was hovering just above one of the clouds.
"The object was stationary so I quickly took a photograph and watched as the object remained in that position for about a minute before it finally began to move.
John Mooner took this photograph (zoomed in, inset)(Image: John Mooner)
"The object flew off at incredible rate of speed heading towards some thick cloud cover where by I lost sight of it."
Whilst many experts are quick to dismiss such photos as being down to camera faults, birds or balloons, the resemblance is there and we may have to admit that we aren’t alone in the universe.
Nick Pope, who used to investigate UFOs and other mysteries for the Ministry of Defence, told MailOnline : "In cases where nothing unusual is seen at the time, but where something strange is noticed when viewing film footage later, a suspicion must be that there's an issue with the camera.
"I appreciate that the witness saw something later, through his binoculars, when he returned to the scene, but this could be totally unconnected, and by his own admission he only glimpsed this for seconds.
'It could have been something quite ordinary, like birds or balloons, but by that time the witness was thinking 'UFOs', and may well have had that classic X-Files "I want to believe' mindset.'
The shapes over Plymouth follow a number of recent UFO sightings across the UK.
Last week a group of alien experts claimed a nudist beach in Wales could be attracting visitors from outer space.
A series of strange glowing objects have recently been spotted above Morfa Dyffryn, a beach between Harlech and Barmouth famous for its naturist area.
NASA's InSight Mars lander will be the first mission to examine the deep interior of the Red Planet to boost our understanding of how all rocky planets form. It will also provide data for other Mars missions, including possible manned SpaceX flights.
DEEP INTO THE PAST
NASA’s next mission to Mars will see the spacecraft InSight exploring the deep interior of the Red Planet, in the hopes of discovering more about how all rocky planets — including Earth — formed. Preparations for the 2018 mission have ratcheted up this summer, and NASA says it is on track for a May launch from central California’s Vandenberg Air Force Base. This will be the first mission to focus on the deep interior of Mars.
The Mars lander portion of NASA’s InSight spacecraft is lifted from the base of a storage container to be tested in a Lockheed Martin clean room facility in Littleton, Colorado. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Lockheed Martin
After the spacecraft lands on Mars near the equator, it will place two main instruments permanently on the surface using a robotic arm: a seismometer to detect seismic waves from earthquakes and meteor impacts, and a heat probe to measure heat coming from the core. Scientists hope they will gain insight into the inner layers of the planet using these tools.
Meanwhile, a third experiment will assess perturbations in how Mars rotates on its axis, using radio transmissions in order to make better guesses about the size of the planet’s core.
The launch was originally set for March 2016, but problems with equipment necessitated a delay, with the launch rescheduled for sometime during the two weeks beginning May 5, 2018. The lander should reach Mars the Monday after Thanksgiving of the same year.
Depending on what they discover about the Red Planet, NASA may gain more insight into the stability of Mars and its history since formation. This in turn might yield information about its potential for colonization — something on the minds of everyone thinking about Mars today, including Elon Musk of SpaceX, who is partnering with NASA for a 2018 mission. Fans of SpaceX are also waiting for a possible September update on the company’s plans for Mars missions, including possible manned flights.
Eindelijk ontcijferen wiskundigen dit 3.700 jaar oude Babylonische kleitablet
Eindelijk ontcijferen wiskundigen dit 3.700 jaar oude Babylonische kleitablet
Tim Kraaijvanger
Het 3.700 jaar oude Babylonische kleitablet Plimpton 322 is aan het begin van de vorige eeuw gevonden, maar kon niet ontcijferd worden. Eindelijk is het wiskundigen gelukt om het mysterie op te lossen.
Op het kleitablet is een goniometrische tabel te zien. Dit bewijst dat de Babyloniërs – en niet de Grieken – voor het eerst goniometrie (of trigonometrie) bestudeerden. De goniometrie is een tak van de wiskunde die zich bezighoudt met driehoeken en op driehoeken gebaseerde goniometrische functies. Waarschijnlijk gebruikten de Babyloniërs de tabel om te berekenen hoe paleizen, tempels, kanalen en piramides gebouwd moesten worden.
Eerste voorbeeld: 1 spijker x 60 + 9 spijkers. Tweede voorbeeld: 2 spijkers x 60 + 2 spijkers. Derde voorbeeld: het visje betekent 10, dus 10 visjes x 60 + 2 spijkers.
Bron: Wikipedia.
Het kleitablet is ooit gevonden door Edgar Banks, de persoon waar het personage Indiana Jones op is gebaseerd. Op het tablet staan vier kolommen en vijftien rijen met cijfers. Het is spijkerschrift gebaseerd op het sexagesimale stelsel. Dat wil zeggen dat zestig het grondtal is. Een mooi voorbeeld van dit positiestelsel is hiernaast te zien.
Lange tijd dachten onderzoekers dat kleitablet Plimpton 322 door docenten werd gebruikt om de rekensommen van studenten te controleren. “Ons onderzoek laat echter zien dat Plimpton 322 voorbeelden van rechthoekige driehoeken beschrijft”, vertelt onderzoeker Norman Wildberger. Het paper van hem en Dr Daniel Mansfield is te lezen in het wetenschappelijke vakblad Historia Mathematica. “Daarbij wordt gebruik gemaakt van trigonometrie op basis van ratio’s en niet op basis van hoeken en cirkels. Het is het werk van een genie.”
Dit kleitablet ligt in een bibliotheek van de Columbia Universiteit in New York.
Vaak wordt de Griekse astronoom Hipparchus genoemd als de grondlegger van de trigonometrie met zijn bekende tabel. “Het tabel op Plimpton 322 is echter meer dan duizend jaar ouder”, vervolgt Wildberger. “We kunnen veel leren van dit kleitablet. En dan te bedenken dat er nog veel meer soortgelijke tabletten zijn, die nog onvoldoende bestudeerd zijn.”
Volgnes Mansfield en Wildberger beschrijven de vijftien rijen op het tablet een reeks van vijftien rechthoekige driehoeken. Iedere driehoek is minder steil dan de vorige.
Het kleitablet is niet compleet. De linkerkant is afgebroken. De onderzoekers laten in het paper wiskundige bewijzen zien dat de oorspronkelijke tabel uit zes kolommen en 38 rijen bestond.
Kleitabletten Het komt regelmatig voor dat kleitabletten nieuwe inzichten geven. In 2014 concludeerde een curator van het British Museum in Londen dat de ark van Noach rond was en niet langwerpig. Hij kreeg een kleitablet onder ogen, waarop de ark tot in de kleinste details beschreven wordt. Een ander kleitablet onthulde dat de eerste bieren mogelijk geen echte alcoholhoudende bieren waren.
The Most Interesting Science News Articles of the Week
The Most Interesting Science News Articles of the Week
By Live Science Staff
Each week we uncover the most interesting and informative articles from around the world, here are 10 of the coolest stories in science this week.
Farewell, Spacecraft
The Cassini spacecraft has plunged into Saturn, sending back its final communications before burning up in the ringed planet's atmosphere.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
And just like that, it was gone.
The final stream of data from Cassini was received at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in southern California. The spacecraft communicated with Earth via the Deep Space Network, a series of telescopes around the world that keep contact with spacecraft that fly beyond the moon. The Deep Space Network is managed from JPL. [Read more about the end of Cassini.]
Intelligent Laughter
What brings together Nobel Prize winners, unconventional research, a mini-opera about incompetence, and not one, but two barrages of paper airplanes? The Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony, of course.
Credit: M. Weisberger/Live Science
Many important questions are asked in the pursuit of science, but here's one that isn't heard very often: Why so serious?
At the 2017 Ig Nobels, held in the Sanders Theatre at Harvard University, researchers representing five continents made an appearance to acknowledge the dubious achievement of acquiring an Ig Nobel. [Read more about the funny research.]
One Extreme or the Other?
Two pages of the 240-page Voynich Manuscript.
Credit: Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library
The story was tailor-made for headlines: The indecipherable Voynich Manuscript that once stumped the best code breakers of World War II had finally been cracked, and it was a simple health-and-wellness guide for medieval women.
Hurricane Harvey stranded a mysterious fanged eel on the beach in Texas, leaving the animal to die, rot and bloat. But despite its untimely end, the creature has since become an internet star.
Illustration by Evald Hansen based on the original plan of grave Bj 581 by excavator Hjalmar Stolpe; published in 1889 (Stolpe, 1889)
Credit: Evald Hansen/American Journal of Physical Anthropology
A high-status Viking warrior who was thought to be a man turns out to be a woman, a new DNA analysis finds.
One of the graves was that of a presumed Viking warrior, whose remains were buried with a range of warlike weapons. For decades, however, researchers assumed that the burial was that of a high-status male officer. [Read more about the new find.]
SpaceX Videos
Successful rockets are all alike, but every unsuccessful rocket is unsuccessful in its own way.
Credit: SpaceX/YouTube
Get ready for out-of-this-world fiery blasts on "How Not to Land an Orbital Rocket Booster," a new SpaceX blooper reel produced by Elon Musk, the company's founder and CEO.
The conflagrations really are like no other, and Elon insists that they're "just a scratch" or a "rapid unscheduled disassembly" in some cases. [Read more about the bloopers.]
To the Rescue!
Two territorial hippopotamuses foiled a crocodile that tried to wrestle a wildebeest into a water hole, as seen in a dramatic video of the encounter. [Read more about animal superheroes.]
Endangered Peoples
Uncontacted Indians in the Brazilian Amazon, filmed from the air in 2010.
Credit: Survival International
Brazilian authorities are investigating reports that gold miners killed about 10 members of an uncontacted tribe in the Amazon rainforest.
The indigenous rights group Survival International warned that such an attack could mean that a large percentage of the tribe has been wiped out. [Read more about the story.]
War toys
Archaeologists in England are excavating the ruins of the fort of Vindolanda, which was once at the northern edge of the Roman Empire.
Credit: The Vindolanda Trust
Military brats of ancient Rome probably played soldier to pass the time.
Birley's team discovered the toys after lifting the stone foundations from a more recent renovation of the fort. They found damp, black, oxygen-free soil sealed underneath —good conditions for preserving artifacts. [Read more about the toys.]
Coolin' Off
A new technique pushes the limits of how cold molecules can get to a tiny fraction of a degree above absolute zero. [Read more about absolute zero.]
$100 Million E.T. Hunt Spots 15 Mysterious Light Flashes
$100 Million E.T. Hunt Spots 15 Mysterious Light Flashes
By Mike Wall, Space.com Senior Writer
Artist's illustration of a fast radio burst reaching Earth, with colors signifying different wavelengths.
Credit: Jingchuan Yu, Beijing Planetarium
A $100 million search for intelligent aliens has spied 15 bizarre, repeating flashes of light coming from a distant galaxy.
The galaxy — a dwarf known as FRB 121102 that lies 3 billion light-years from Earth — is a known source of such brief, high-energy fast radio bursts (FRBs). But the newly detected pulses stand out, astronomers said.
"Bursts from this source have never been seen at this high a frequency," Andrew Siemion, director of the Berkeley SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) Research Center at the University of California, Berkeley, said in a statement. [Are Mysterious Fast Radio Bursts Propelling Alien Spacecraft? (Video)]
Siemion is a team member with Breakthrough Listen, a $100 million project that's searching for potential signals from alien civilizations from the 1 million stars closest to the sun, the 100 galaxies nearest our own Milky Way, and the galactic plane.
Some researchers think FRBs — which were discovered in 2007 and remain mysterious today — could be such alien signals. For example, astronomers have speculated that FRBs may be generated by powerful lasers designed to blast alien craft through space at high speeds — a propulsion method akin to that being developed by Breakthrough Listen's ambitious sister project, Breakthrough Starshot. (Aliens aren't the only possible explanation, of course; some scientists think FRBs are likely emitted by fast-rotating neutron stars, for instance.)
So, FRB 121102 — which, as its name suggests, was discovered on Nov. 2, 2012 — was a natural target for the Breakthrough Listen team, researchers said. The scientists, led by Berkeley SETI Research Center postdoctoral researcher Vishal Gajjar, detected the 15 new pulses on Saturday (Aug. 26) using the Green Bank Telescope in West Virginia.
"As well as confirming that the source is in a newly active state, the high resolution of the data obtained by the Listen instrument will allow measurement of the properties of these mysterious bursts at a higher precision than ever possible before," Gajjar said in the same statement.
A sequence of 14 of 15 fast radio bursts (FRBs) detected by the Breakthrough Listen team using the Green Bank Telescope. The streaks across the colored energy plot are the FRBs appearing at different times and different energies because of dispersion caused by 3 billion years of travel through intergalactic space.
Credit: Breakthrough Listen/UC Berkeley
To be clear, the Breakthrough Listen team isn't claiming that FRB 121102's pulses are evidence of alien life. But the new observations, and others like it, could lead to a better understanding of FRBs and other puzzling phenomena, researchers said.
"Whether or not fast radio bursts turn out to be signatures of extraterrestrial technology, Breakthrough Listen is helping to push the frontiers of a new and rapidly growing area of our understanding of the universe around us," Siemion said.
The Breakthrough Listen project was announced in July 2015 by billionaire entrepreneur Yuri Milner and a team of scientists, including famed cosmologist Stephen Hawking.
Special relativity teaches us that the three dimensions of space and the solitary dimension of time are woven together like a fabric. It's impossible to think of them as separate entities, only a singular unified entity — space-time. We can't think of motion through space without being mindful of motion through time, and vice versa. Left-right, up-down, back-forth and past-future are all on equal footing.
And yet, time does seem a little different. We have complete freedom of movement within space, but we cannot avoid our future. Time seems to have an "arrow," whereas the spatial dimensions are ambidextrous. Given the unity between time and space, it leads to the obvious question: Is time travel, of any sort, possible? Under any circumstances? At all? [How Time Travel Works in Science Fiction (Infographic)]
Many science fiction stories explore humanity's desire to travel back in time. Is such a thing really possible in our universe?
Credit: Universal
Into the future: Sure
Oddly enough, the answer is yes! We cannot avoid moving into our futures, but we can control the rate that we move through time. This is a consequence of another lesson from relativity: Not all clocks are the same.
The speed at which you move through space determines the speed at which you move through time. In the succinct phrase: Moving clocks run slow.
IF you could build a big enough rocket (don't ask me how, that's an engineering problem) to provide a constant acceleration of 1g (9.8 meters per second per second; the same acceleration as provided by the Earth's gravity at its surface), you could reach the center of the Milky Way galaxy — a healthy 20,000 light-years away — in just a couple decades of your personal time.
You could stop for a few hours, have a picnic near Sagittarius A* (the black hole at the center of the galaxy), and then hop back in to your rocket and come back to Earth.
By the time you return you'll be eligible for retirement benefits, if the institution providing those benefits is even around, because while you only traveled for a few decades according to the clock on your ship, about 40,000 years would've passed on the Earth.
Closing the loop
Time is relative, but it still flows in the same direction for everyone. To ask if we can go into reverse is the domain of general relativity (GR) — this is the mathematical language we use to not only understand gravity, but the full connection between space-time and motion.
In GR, we ask a slightly more technical question: Is there any arrangement of matter and energy (the stuff that warps space-time) to permit the existence of closed time-like curves, or CTCs? I know this is jargon but it's a fun phrase to toss around at parties. "Curve" here means a path, "time-like" means you never go faster than the speed of light, and "closed" means it returns to its starting point — in other words, its own past.
So, Oracle of Einstein, are CTCs permitted?
Yes!
Well….
Creators of science fiction love to play with time travel, but is such a thing possible in the real universe?
Credit: BBC
The possibilities are finite
There are about half a dozen known configurations of space-time that allow CTCs, or time travel into the past. For example, Kurt Gödel (of Gödel's Incompleteness Theorem fame) discovered that if the expansion of the universe was accelerating (which it is) and the universe is also rotating, CTCs would be allowed and we could travel into our past on a whim.
As far as I can tell, Gödel used this solution to point out to Albert Einstein that perhaps GR wasn't all it was cracked up to be — I mean, come on, shouldn't any self-respecting theory of the natural world avoid such an obviously absurd solution?
But Gödel's point was moot — all observations indicate that the universe is not rotating, so that particular solution does not apply to our universe, and time travel into the past is verboten.
Ah! But what if we were to construct an infinitely long massive cylinder and set it spinning on its axis near the speed of light. It would drag on space-time around it, and certain paths around that spinning cylinder would end up in their own past. Good thing there are no infinitely long massive cylinders in the universe, or we might have to worry.
Wait, I've got one: If you make a wormhole (a shortcut between two distant locations in space-time) and send one end racing off near the speed of light and bring it back, the normal time-dilation effects would put one end in the "future" of the other, so you could waltz right through the wormhole throat and end up in your past. What's that? Wormholes require "negative mass" to exist, and negative mass does not exist in the universe? Well, hmm.
Into the past: Nope
It's the same story every time (pardon the too-hard-to-resist pun). For every scenario we concoct in general relativity to allow CTCs and time travel into our own past, nature finds a way to confound our plans and rule out the scenario.
What's going on? General relativity allows — in principle — time travel into the past, but it appears to be ruled out in every case. It seems like something funny is afoot, that there ought to be some fundamental rule to disallow time travel. But there isn't one. We can't point to any particle interaction at the subatomic level that clearly prevents the formation of CTCs.
The inevitable progression of time from the past to the future resembles another indomitable law of nature: entropy. That's the iron law of thermodynamics that states that closed systems go from ordered to disordered. (This law explains why an egg will never just happen to unscramble itself if you leave it alone long enough). Is time linked to entropy? Maybe, but that's the subject of another article….
In 1947 troffen wetenschappers een 550 miljoen jaar oud fossiel aan. Het mysterieuze dier kreeg de naam Dickinsonia. Maar was het wel echt een dier? Ja, bevestigt nieuw wetenschappelijk onderzoek.
Het fossiel van Dickinsonia costata wordt vaak vergeleken met een luchtbed. Het dier had een flexibele lichaamswand, die kon uitzetten en krimpen. De afgelopen decennia werd er flink gediscussieerd over Dickinsonia. Was het een dier? Een korstmos? Of toch een schimmel?
In een paper in het wetenschappelijke vakblad Proceedings of the Royal Society B. concluderen onderzoekers dat Dickinsonia toch echt een dier was. “Dickinsonia behoort tot de Ediacarische biota”, vertelt onderzoeker Dr Renee Hoekzema van de Oxford universiteit. Deze groep bestaat uit meercellige organismen zonder harde delen, die ruwweg 540 tot 580 miljoen jaar geleden op aarde leefden. “Toch lijken de fossielen van deze dieren niet op andere levende of uitgestorven organismen. Het is een palaeontologisch raadsel.”
Groei De onderzoekers focusten zich op de manier waarop Dickinsonia groeide. Groeide het dier als een organisme of als een schimmel? Eerder onderzoek toonde aan dat Dickinsonia vanuit het kleinste en tevens jongste punt groeide. “Dit blijkt echter niet te kloppen,” beweert Hoekzema.
“Dickinsonia groeide doordat vanuit het midden nieuwe lagen ontstonden, die vervolgens groter werden”, zegt Hoekzema. “Als we gegevens over de groei combineren met informatie over hoe Dickinsonia bewoog en morfologische kenmerken, dan kunnen we alle niet-biologische mogelijkheden uitsluiten.”
Cambrische explosie “Dit onderzoek laat zien dat dieren miljoenen jaren voor de Cambrische explosie al evolueerden”, vertelt medeauteur Dr Alex Liu van de universiteit van Cambridge. Tijdens deze 25 miljoen jaar durende periode nam de diversiteit toe en ontstonden de meeste moderne dierenfamilies, zoals gewervelden, sponzen, geleedpotigen, weekdieren en kwallen.
De Ediacarische biota verdwenen overigens snel. Nieuwe diersoorten veranderden het milieu, waardoor de Ediacarische biota moeilijk konden overleven.
Autonome wapens – ‘killer robots’ die zelf beslissen of ze iemand doden of niet – komen eraan. En de politiek hult zich in stilzwijgen.
Begin dit jaar luidden 116 deskundigen in een open brief – gericht aan de Verenigde Naties – de noodklok. In de brief waarschuwen ze voor de derde revolutie in oorlogsvoering. Na het buskruit en de nucleaire wapens zijn nu de volledig autonome wapens in aantocht. En daar waren de ondertekenaars van de brief heel stellig over. “Zodra ze ontworpen zijn, zullen ze ervoor zorgen dat gewapende conflicten op een grotere schaal dan ooit en veel sneller dan mensen kunnen begrijpen, worden uitgevochten. Het kunnen wapens van terreur zijn, wapens die dictators en terroristen gebruiken tegen onschuldige populaties, maar ook gehackte wapens die zich op ongewenste manieren gedragen.” Ferme taal. Maar er zit geen overdreven woord bij, zo verzekert Koen Hindriks, oprichter en CEO van Interactive Robotics en één van de ondertekenaars van de brief ons. Want de autonome wapens komen er – als we geen actie ondernemen – echt aan.
In de loop “Simpel gezegd moet je dan denken aan machines die zelf kunnen bewegen, dus zonder aansturing van de mens en machines die zelf kunnen schieten,” vertelt Hindriks aan Scientias.nl. “Dus bijvoorbeeld een drone die uitgerust is met wapentuig.” Gewapende drones zijn er natuurlijk al. Maar nu worden ze nog op afstand, door mensen bestuurd. “En wij willen voorkomen dat de mens uit de loop gehaald wordt.”
“MACHINES MOETEN NIET GAAN BEPALEN OP WIE ER WEL OF NIET GESCHOTEN WORDT”
Selectie In theorie zou een gewapende drone al zonder mens uit de voeten kunnen. “Het grootste probleem is echter de kwaliteit van handelen. Zo kan een drone in theorie zelf zijn target bepalen, maar dat gaat dan op basis van beweging en is dus niet heel gedifferentieerd.” In andere woorden: de drone schiet op alles wat beweegt en gaat dus niet eerst rustig na wie er in zijn gezichtsveld loopt en of het wenselijk is dat die persoon wordt neergeschoten. “En daar gaat de brief in feite over,” stelt Hindriks. “Machines moeten niet gaan bepalen op wie er wel of niet geschoten wordt.”
EERDERE BRIEF
De brief van Hindriks en collega’s is een vervolg op een soortgelijke brief die eerder verscheen en voornamelijk ondertekend werd door wetenschappers. Wat de meest recente brief zo bijzonder maakt, is dat de namen van bedrijven die zich bezighouden met robotica en kunstmatige intelligentie onder de brief staan. “Dat maakt direct duidelijk dat deze bedrijven zich in ieder geval niet bezighouden met de ontwikkeling van autonome wapens,” merkt Hindriks op. Zo is Hindriks zelf bezig met het tegenovergestelde van killer robots: sociale robots. “Humanoïde robots die ontworpen zijn om de interactie met mensen aan te gaan.” De robots kunnen bijvoorbeeld ingezet worden in het onderwijs, de verpleging of in kantoren voor de ontvangst van mensen. “Deze robots gaan er echt aankomen, we moeten alleen nog uitvinden welke robot het meest geschikt is voor welke taak.”
Tijdspan Op dit moment lijkt dat ook nog niet aan de orde te zijn, simpelweg omdat we nog geen machines kunnen bouwen die geheel zelfstandig hun doelwitten kunnen selecteren, identificeren en elimineren. Maar dat gaat veranderen. Wanneer? Dat is lastig te voorspellen, stelt Hindriks. “Wij stellen – zeker hier in het westen – hoge eisen aan onze precisie-wapens. Als we die eisen ook aan onze autonome wapens stellen en ze in een onbekende omgeving in willen gaan zetten, kan het nog wel meer dan twintig jaar duren voor we zover zijn. Maar dat betekent dat we in die twintig jaar verschillende stappen moeten gaan zetten waarbij van alles mis kan gaan. Want dit soort technologieën werkt niet van de ene op de andere dag: die moet je doorontwikkelen.”
Zorg Maar het is niet de wellicht door fatale fouten getergde ontwikkelingsfase waar Hindriks zich het meeste zorgen over maakt. “Mijn grootste zorg is dat de autonome wapens in verkeerde handen terecht komen. Hier in het westen gaan we de discussie over deze wapens nog aan. Maar er zijn samenlevingen waarin er – op nationaal niveau, want ik zie terroristische groeperingen zich niet zo snel ontwikkelen tot experts in dit soort technologieën – minder scrupuleus over wordt nagedacht. En hoe houd je daar grip op?”
Voorkomen In het beste scenario hoeft er nergens grip op te worden gehouden en wordt de productie van autonome wapens voorkomen. Maar of het gaat lukken om ervoor te zorgen dat alle landen wereldwijd zich achter zo’n ban scharen? Dat lijkt twijfelachtig. En als autonome wapens in een paar landen toch geproduceerd gaan worden, zal het voor andere landen lastig zijn om achter te blijven. “Over de volgende stap wil je eigenlijk niet nadenken, maar dat is dat je je legers voor moet gaan bereiden op het feit dat anderen deze wapens in kunnen gaan zetten.” Dat kan eigenlijk maar op één manier: door ze zelf ook te omarmen. “En voor je het weet, zit je midden in een wapenwedloop.”
“WE STAAN AAN HET BEGIN VAN EEN DISCUSSIE DIE OP DIT MOMENT NOG TE VEEL VANUIT DE ACADEMISCHE WERELD GEVOERD WORDT”
Net als chemische wapens Maar als een complete ban geen optie is, wat moeten we dan? “Ik denk dat je de autonome wapens op termijn goed vergelijken kan met chemische wapens,” vertelt Hindriks. “De technieken om chemische wapens te maken, zijn redelijk gemakkelijk te achterhalen en in de toekomst zal dat ook voor autonome wapens gelden.” Als het zover komt, moeten we die autonome wapens misschien wel net zo aanpakken als de chemische wapens. “Dat betekent dat je allereerst moet voorkomen dat die autonome wapens er komen. En als ze er toch komen, moet alles in het werk gesteld worden om ze weer op te ruimen.”
Een gewapende drone. Dergelijke drones worden reeds door verschillende landen ingezet, maar als er geschoten moet worden, zijn het nog altijd mensen die – op afstand – op de knop drukken. Afbeelding: Paul Ridgeway / Amerikaanse luchtmacht (via Wikimedia Commons).
De overheid Hoewel nog onduidelijk is hoe we grip gaan houden op de autonome wapens, is wel duidelijk wie hierin een voortrekkersrol moeten spelen: overheden wereldwijd. “Maar het is lastig om overheden te mobiliseren,” weet Hindriks. Daar zijn verschillende redenen voor te bedenken. Allereerst zijn er wereldwijd genoeg andere crises die de aandacht vragen en urgenter lijken dan killer robots die wellicht over enkele decennia pas het levenslicht gaan zien. Daarnaast zullen veel van de technologieën achter de autonome wapens de gemiddelde politicus boven de pet gaan, waardoor de urgentie van dit probleem wellicht wordt onderschat. “We staan aan het begin van een discussie die op dit moment nog te veel vanuit de academische wereld gevoerd wordt,” erkent Hindriks. En dat is ook één van de redenen dat deze open brief de wereld is in geslingerd. “Er moet in de volle breedte het besef komen dat dit eraan zit te komen.”
De meeste landen hebben nog geen standpunt ingenomen over autonome wapens. Het Verenigd Koninkrijk vormt daarop een uitzondering en sprak zich in 2015 al uit tegen een ban. Maar inmiddels is het land – mede door de brief van Hindriks en collega’s – daarop teruggekomen. Het Verenigd Koninkrijk omarmde een week geleden een nieuwe militaire doctrine: wapens moeten altijd onder directe controle van mensen blijven.
De huidige stand van zaken De meeste landen hebben zich nog niet over de kwestie uitgelaten (zie ook het kader hiernaast). De VN lijkt iets meer doordrongen van het dreigende gevaar en heeft een Group of Governmental Experts on Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems samengesteld. In deze groep zitten deskundigen die onderzoek zullen gaan doen naar robotica en kunstmatige intelligentie en de VN op basis van hun onderzoek kunnen adviseren. Het is hoopvol. Maar met die werkgroep zijn we er zeker nog niet, zo benadrukt Hindriks. Want het is zaak dat ook alle lidstaten in de zorgen van de VN gaan delen. “En dat zien we nu nog niet. Het ene land heeft het hoger op de agenda staan dan het andere.” En zoals gezegd houden veel landen zich in deze discussie afzijdig. En dat terwijl er een grote behoefte is aan een helder standpunt van landen. Zo’n standpunt kan namelijk weer dienen als startpunt voor verdere discussies over manieren om de autonome wapens onder controle te houden.
Enige haast is wel geboden. “Ik denk dat we nog net op tijd aan de bel hebben getrokken.” Want het eerste autonome wapen mag dan nog enige tijd op zich laten wachten: ook een wereldwijde consensus die erop gericht is om grip te houden op deze wapens is er niet van de ene op de andere dag. En dit is duidelijk geen technologische ontwikkeling waarbij je het je kunt veroorloven om achter de feiten aan te lopen…
Bronmateriaal:
Interview met Koen Hindriks Afbeelding bovenaan dit artikel: Powie / Pixabay
Most of today's scientists agree the universe as we know it started with the Big Bang. But one question still puzzles experts: What happened before that?
For most of history, it was assumed the universe was fixed, running from the infinite past to the infinite future — meaning, the universe always was, and will always continue to be.
But with Albert Einstein's proposed theory of relativity and the rise of quantum mechanics, new ideas began sprouting up everywhere.
Cosmologists Sean Carroll and Alan Guth proposed one theory known as Two-Headed Time. This is similar to the infinite cosmos idea, except the Big Bang happened in the middle.
According to the theory, a distorted mirror of our universe contracted until 14 billion years ago when it eventually reached its minimum size. Then the Big Bang happened, and our universe has been expanding ever since.
Other physicists have suggested we live in a multiverse, in which our universe sprouted from a parent universe and could be one of many.
Another theory is our universe could be the output of a black hole in another universe: The black hole attracts matter, which gushes out a hole at the other end and gives birth to our universe.
Others propose what's known as the Big Bounce. The idea here is one universe collapsed inward and then bounced back to make an entirely different one.
But perhaps there was nothing before the Big Bang, not even time itself. This is the most widely accepted theory, with some well-known supporters, like cosmologists Alexander Vilenkin and Stephen Hawking.
Scientists currently don't have a way to test any of these proposals; today's telescopes can't even see as far back as the Big Bang, let alone what came before it.
Humanity is on the verge of discovering alien life, NASA higher-ups say.
Physicists hope within the next few decades, any of these theories or one that's yet-to-be-discovered might finally help explain how the universe began.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
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