Nicola Davis

@NicolaKSDavis

A mysterious object detected hurtling past our sun could be the first space rock traced back to a different solar system, according to astronomers tracking the body.

While other objects have previously been mooted as having interstellar origins, experts say the latest find, an object estimated to be less than 400m in diameter, is the best contender yet. 

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“The exciting thing about this is that this may be essentially a visitor from another star system,” said Dr Edward Bloomer, astronomer at the Royal Observatory Greenwich.

If its origins are confirmed as lying beyond our solar system, it will be the first space rock known to come from elsewhere in the galaxy.

Published in the minor planet electronic circulars by the Minor Planet Center at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the observations reveal that the object is in a strong hyperbolic orbit – in other words, it is going fast enough to escape the gravitational pull of the sun. 

Objects originating from, and on long-period orbits within, our solar system can end up on a hyperbolic trajectory, and be ejected into interstellar space – for example if they swing close by a giant planet, since the planet’s gravity can cause objects to accelerate. But Dr Gareth Williams, associate director of the Minor Planet Center, said that wasn’t the case for the newly discovered body. 

“When we run the orbit for this [object] back in time, it stays hyperbolic all the way out – there are no close approaches to any of the giant planets that could have given this thing a kick,” he said. “If we follow the orbit out into the future, it stays hyperbolic,” Williams added. “So it is coming from interstellar space and it is going to interstellar space.”

The object’s orbit.

“If further observations confirm the unusual nature of this orbit, this object may be the first clear case of an interstellar comet,” the report notes. A second report, published later the same day, redesignated the object as an asteroid on account of new analysis of its appearance, giving it the handle A/2017 U1.

According to observations made by astronomers, the object entered our solar system from above, passing just inside Mercury’s orbit and travelling below the sun, before turning and heading back up through the plane of the solar system towards the stars beyond. At its closest, on 9 September, the object was 23.4m miles from the sun.

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First spotted earlier this month by a telescope at an observatory in Hawaii, astronomers around the world are now following the path of the object. Among them is Professor Alan Fitzsimmons from Queen’s University Belfast.

“It is fairly certain we are dealing with our first truly identified alien visitor,” he said. Fitzsimmons added that his team is currently working on measuring the objects’ position better to improve calculations of its trajectory, and to gather information relating to its chemical makeup, and size. 

Early results, he said, suggest that the object might be similar in make-up to many of those of the Kuiper belt – a region past Neptune in our solar system that contains myriad small bodies.

Bloomer says we should not be too surprised if it does indeed turn out to have come from elsewhere in the galaxy.

“Beyond the planets and past the Kuiper belt we think there is a region called the Oort cloud, which may be home to an astonishing number of icy bodies,” he said.

“Computer models have suggested that disturbances to the Oort cloud do send some stuff in towards the inner solar system, but it would also send stuff outwards as well – so we might be throwing out icy bodies to other star systems.”

If so, Bloomer said, there is no reason to suspect that disturbances to other star systems, as a result of gravitational interactions or other processes, wouldn’t throw material out too. “Just statistically, some of them are going to reach us,” he added. 

Williams noted that objects could also be thrown out from the inner region of other solar systems as a result of gravitational interactions with giant planets, casting them into interstellar space.

And Fitzsimmons added that there was another possibility – that the object had been thrown out during the planet-forming period of another solar system.

“We know now that many stars, probably the majority of stars in our galaxy, have planets going around them, and we know from studying those stars but also primarily from studying our own solar system, that planet building is a very messy process,” he said.

With large quantities of material thrown out into interstellar space, said Fitzsimmons, is was expected that there would be objects travelling between the stars.

“This object itself could have been between the stars for millions or billions of years before we spotted it as it plunged into our solar system,” he said.

But, he noted, puzzles remain, not least that Kuiper belt bodies, which are believed to be icy, would give rise to an atmosphere and tail if brought close to the sun. 

“There is no evidence that this object has behaved like that, all our data show it as an unresolved point of light, implying it is more like a rocky asteroid than an icy comet,” he said. “There are mysteries to be solved here.”

{ https://www.theguardian.com/international }

29-10-2017 om 23:14 geschreven door peter  

Small Asteroid or Comet 'Visits' from Beyond the Solar System

A small, recently discovered asteroid -- or perhaps a comet -- appears to have originated from outside the solar system, coming from somewhere else in our galaxy. If so, it would be the first "interstellar object" to be observed and confirmed by astronomers.

This unusual object – for now designated A/2017 U1 – is less than a quarter-mile (400 meters) in diameter and is moving remarkably fast. Astronomers are urgently working to point telescopes around the world and in space at this notable object. Once these data are obtained and analyzed, astronomers may know more about the origin and possibly composition of the object.

A/2017 U1 was discovered Oct. 19 by the University of Hawaii's Pan-STARRS 1 telescope on Haleakala, Hawaii, during the course of its nightly search for near-Earth objects for NASA. Rob Weryk, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Hawaii Institute for Astronomy (IfA), was first to identify the moving object and submit it to the Minor Planet Center. Weryk subsequently searched the Pan-STARRS image archive and found it also was in images taken the previous night, but was not initially identified by the moving object processing.

Did you ever wonder how NASA spots asteroids that maybe getting too close to Earth for comfort? Watch and learn. Find out more about NASA finds, studies and tracks near-Earth objects

by visiting https://www.nasa.gov/planetarydefense .

Weryk immediately realized this was an unusual object. "Its motion could not be explained using either a normal solar system asteroid or comet orbit," he said. Weryk contacted IfA graduate Marco Micheli, who had the same realization using his own follow-up images taken at the European Space Agency's telescope on Tenerife in the Canary Islands. But with the combined data, everything made sense. Said Weryk, "This object came from outside our solar system."  

"This is the most extreme orbit I have ever seen," said Davide Farnocchia, a scientist at NASA's Center for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) at the agency's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. "It is going extremely fast and on such a trajectory that we can say with confidence that this object is on its way out of the solar system and not coming back."

The CNEOS team plotted the object's current trajectory and even looked into its future. A/2017 U1 came from the direction of the constellation Lyra, cruising through interstellar space at a brisk clip of 15.8 miles (25.5 kilometers) per second.

The object approached our solar system from almost directly "above" the ecliptic, the approximate plane in space where the planets and most asteroids orbit the Sun, so it did not have any close encounters with the eight major planets during its plunge toward the Sun. On Sept. 2, the small body crossed under the ecliptic plane just inside of Mercury's orbit and then made its closest approach to the Sun on Sept. 9. Pulled by the Sun's gravity, the object made a hairpin turn under our solar system, passing under Earth's orbit on Oct. 14 at a distance of about 15 million miles (24 million kilometers) -- about 60 times the distance to the Moon. It has now shot back up above the plane of the planets and, travelling at 27 miles per second (44 kilometers per second) with respect to the Sun, the object is speeding toward the constellation Pegasus.   

"We have long suspected that these objects should exist, because during the process of planet formation a lot of material should be ejected from planetary systems. What's most surprising is that we've never seen interstellar objects pass through before," said Karen Meech, an astronomer at the IfA specializing in small bodies and their connection to solar system formation.

The small body has been assigned the temporary designation A/2017 U1 by the Minor Planet Center (MPC) in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where all observations on small bodies in our solar system -- and now those just passing through -- are collected. Said MPC Director Matt Holman, "This kind of discovery demonstrates the great scientific value of continual wide-field surveys of the sky, coupled with intensive follow-up observations, to find things we wouldn't otherwise know are there."

Since this is the first object of its type ever discovered, rules for naming this type of object will need to be established by the International Astronomical Union.

"We have been waiting for this day for decades," said CNEOS Manager Paul Chodas. "It's long been theorized that such objects exist -- asteroids or comets moving around between the stars and occasionally passing through our solar system -- but this is the first such detection. So far, everything indicates this is likely an interstellar object, but more data would help to confirm it."

The Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS) is a wide-field survey observatory operated by the University of Hawaii Institute for Astronomy. The Minor Planet Center is hosted by the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and is a sub-node of NASA's Planetary Data System Small Bodies Node at the University of Maryland (http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/ ). JPL hosts the Center for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS). All are projects of NASA's Near-Earth Object Observations Program, and elements of the agency's Planetary Defense Coordination Office within NASA's Science Mission Directorate.

More information about asteroids and near-Earth objects can be found at:

https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroidwatch

For more information about NASA's Planetary Defense Coordination Office, visit:

https://www.nasa.gov/planetarydefense

For asteroid and comet news and updates,

follow AsteroidWatch on Twitter twitter.com/AsteroidWatch

DC Agle
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
818-393-9011
agle@jpl.nasa.gov 

Laurie Cantillo / Dwayne Brown
NASA Headquarters, Washington
202-358-1077 / 202-358-1726
laura.l.cantillo@nasa.gov / dwayne.c.brown@nasa.gov 

Roy Gal
University of Hawaii, Institute for Astronomy
301-728-8637
roygal@hawaii.edu

{ https://www.nasa.gov/ }

29-10-2017 om 22:59 geschreven door peter  

BREAKING NEWS: Oklahoma City Thunder Plane Hit By A UFO

A lot of people contacted me in the last hours about this strange event that happened at Delta flight 8935.

This happened to NBA team Oklahome City Thunder, after a game on Friday night. After the game in Minneapolis they flew to Chicago and their plane was hit by an unidentified flying object at 30.000 feet (9.1km) in the air.

Their plane landed in Chicago and no one was hurt. NBA players posted photos of a damaged plane on social networks:

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Steven Adams 

✔@RealStevenAdams

Hey @NASA @neiltyson @BillNye 
We had a rough flight to say the least. 

30000 feet in the air. 
Flying to chicago. 

What caused this?

07:14 - 28 Oct 2017

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Josh Huestis 

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I guess we hit something? 30,000 feet up...

07:09 - 28 Oct 2017

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Here’s the official statement from a Delta Airlines:

“Delta flight 8935, operating from Minneapolis to Chicago-Midway as a charter flight for the Oklahoma City Thunder, likely encountered a bird while on descent into Chicago. The aircraft, a Boeing 757-200, landed safely without incident; customers have since deplaned and maintenance teams are evaluating. Safety is Delta’s top priority.”

I guess there are some realy big birds flying at 30k!

{ http://www.latest-ufo-sightings.net/ }

29-10-2017 om 22:22 geschreven door peter  

Two recent studies explore the possibility of an ancient ocean on dwarf planet Ceres, largest world in the asteroid belt. If it existed, what happened to it? And could Ceres still have liquid water today?

Left, Ceres as seen by NASA’s Dawn spacecraft from its high-altitude mapping orbit at 913 miles (1,470 km) above the surface. Right, a map showing variations in Ceres’ gravity field as measured by the Dawn spacecraft. This gravity map supports the idea of an ancient ocean on Ceres.

Image via NASA JPL.

Ceres – orbiting between Mars and Jupiter – was classified as a planet when it was first discovered in 1801, until the 1850s when it became known as the largest of the little worlds in the asteroid belt. In 2006, astronomers re-classified it as a dwarf planet. Still, it may seem odd to you to imagine little Ceres, a world only 590 miles (950 km) across, having an ocean. And yet Ceres is known to have water-containing minerals on its surface. Two recent studies explore the possibility of an ocean on Ceres in the distant past, and they shed light on the question of what happened to this ocean, if it existed, and on whether Ceres might still have liquid water today.

Our knowledge of Ceres has vastly increased in the past couple of years, since the Dawn spacecraft began orbiting it in early 2015. Dawn’s mission was recently extended, by the way.

NASA said:

The Dawn team found that Ceres’ crust is a mixture of ice, salts and hydrated materials that were subjected to past and possibly recent geologic activity, and that this crust represents most of [an] ancient ocean. The second study builds off the first and suggests there is a softer, easily deformable layer beneath Ceres’ rigid surface crust, which could be the signature of residual liquid left over from the ocean, too.

Julie Castillo-Rogez, Dawn project scientist and co-author of the studies, based at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, said:

More and more, we are learning that Ceres is a complex, dynamic world that may have hosted a lot of liquid water in the past, and may still have some underground.

Earth-Ceres size comparison. Ceres is little, but it accounts for approximately 1/3 of the mass of the asteroid belt. In 2006, IAU astronomers briefly considered changing the status of Ceres back to that of a major planet, but then opted to make both Ceres and Pluto dwarf planets. The reason is neither Ceres nor Pluto “dominates its orbit.” Both share their orbits with many other smaller bodies, in the case of Ceres, asteroids in what we call the asteroid belt.

Image via ThePlanets.org.

Anton Ermakov, a postdoctoral researcher at JPL, led the first study, which is an analysis of measurements made via the Dawn spacecraft of Ceres’ gravity. Such measurements enable scientists to estimate the composition and interior structure of a world like Ceres. This study is published in the peer-reviewed Journal of Geophysical Research. The measurements came from observing the spacecraft’s motions with NASA’s Deep Space Network. The scientists were looking small changes in the spacecraft’s orbit, which indicate gravity anomalies.

NASA said:

Three craters — Occator, Kerwan and Yalode — and Ceres’ solitary tall mountain, Ahuna Mons, are all associated with ‘gravity anomalies.’ This means discrepancies between the scientists’ models of Ceres’ gravity and what Dawn observed in these four locations can be associated with subsurface structures …

[Ermakov’s study also found] the crust’s density to be relatively low, closer to that of ice than rocks. However, a study by Dawn guest investigator Michael Bland of the U.S. Geological Survey indicated that ice is too soft to be the dominant component of Ceres’ strong crust. So, how can Ceres’ crust be as light as ice in terms of density, but simultaneously much stronger? To answer this question, another team modeled how Ceres’ surface evolved with time.

Ahuna Mons on Ceres, a mountain about 4 miles (6 km) tall, in a simulated view using NASA’s Dawn spacecraft images. This region on Ceres is associated with gravity anomalies, which helps scientists probe Ceres’ interior structure.

Image via NASA/JPL-Caltech/UCLA/MPS/DLR/IDA.

Roger Fu at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, led this second study, which is published in the peer-reviewed journal Earth and Planetary Science Letters. It investigated the strength and composition of Ceres’ crust and deeper interior by studying the dwarf planet’s topography.

NASA explained:

By studying how topography evolves on a planetary body, scientists can understand the composition of its interior. A strong, rock-dominated crust can remain unchanged over the 4.5-billion-year-old age of the solar system, while a weak crust rich in ices and salts would deform over that time.

By modeling how Ceres’ crust flows, Fu and colleagues found it is likely a mixture of ice, salts, rock and an additional component believed to be clathrate hydrate. A clathrate hydrate is a cage of water molecules surrounding a gas molecule. This structure is 100 to 1,000 times stronger than water ice, despite having nearly the same density.

The researchers believe Ceres once had more pronounced surface features, but they have smoothed out over time. This type of flattening of mountains and valleys requires a high-strength crust resting on a more deformable layer, which Fu and colleagues interpret to contain a little bit of liquid.

The team thinks most of Ceres’ ancient ocean is now frozen and bound up in the crust, remaining in the form of ice, clathrate hydrates and salts. It has mostly been that way for more than 4 billion years. But if there is residual liquid underneath, that ocean is not yet entirely frozen.

This is consistent with several thermal evolution models of Ceres published prior to Dawn’s arrival there, supporting the idea that Ceres’ deeper interior contains liquid left over from its ancient ocean.

Artist’s concept of Dawn spacecraft orbiting Ceres. Our knowledge of this little world has greatly increased, thanks to Dawn, whose mission was recently extended. Yet mysteries remain.

Image via NASA/JPL-Caltech.

Bottom line: Two recent studies explore the possibility of an ocean on Ceres in the distant past, and they shed light on the question of what happened to this ocean, if it existed, and on whether Ceres might still have liquid water today.

Via NASA JPL

{ http://earthsky.org/ }

29-10-2017 om 22:08 geschreven door peter  

Ancient Hindu Manuscript reveals Interplanetary Travel and flight existed 7,000 years ago

By Ivan 

It is believed that Bharadwaja made approximately 500 guidelines describing in details aviation and other technologies, present on earth thousands of years ago.

However, the authors note that the current manuscript features only between 100 to 120 guidelines. Experts are convinced that foreign rulers who invaded India stole many of these manuscripts, studying them to produce many of the technologies we see today on Earth.

These reports seem to back the Vaimānika Śāstra, an early 20th-century Sanskrit text said to describe in great detail aerospace technology claiming that ‘Vimānas’ mentioned in ancient Sanskrit epics were in fact advanced aerodynamic flying vehicles, similar to modern-day rockets capable of interplanetary flight, as suggested by the popular Ancient Astronaut Theory.

The texts were revealed in 1952 by G. R. Josye and contain 3000 shlokas in 8 chapters. The propulsion of the Vimānas, according to Kanjilal (1985), is by “Mercury Vortex Engines,” a concept similar to electric propulsion.

The authors said the aircraft the sage described is capable of traveling between countries, continents, and planets. According to the authors, this proves the aviation system in the ancient world was very advanced, more so than what exists today, and that most of the technologies that existed on Earth thousands of years ago, before the rise of ‘modern civilization’ are now completely gone, missing not only from society but from history books as well.

What the authors presented from the manuscript is mindboggling. Many scientists at the conference were marveled. The Vice-Chancellor of the University of Mumbai, Rajan Welukar said: “there is no reason to believe in what they say about the Vedas, but it is something that is worth studying.”

Interestingly, many studies have offered contradictive results when studying the feasibility of ‘ancient flying machines’.

in 1974, a study by the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore found that the heavier-than-air aircraft that the Vaimānika Śāstra described were aeronautically unfeasible.

But despite this fact, there are still many authors and scholars who are convinced that these ancient machines were in fact blueprints of highly advanced flying machines. Some of these researchers and scholars encourage aggressive inquiry into ancient books discussing technology that may surpass our very own today, in the 21st century.

{ https://www.ancient-code.com/ }

29-10-2017 om 21:01 geschreven door peter  

For kidney patients, surgical outcomes were similar whether a human or a machine wielded the scalpel

BY 

MARIA TEMMING 

HELPING HANDS  Use of surgical robots for laparoscopic kidney removal has been ramping up, but adding a robot to the mix doesn’t necessarily make surgery more efficient. 

{ https://www.sciencenews.org/ }

29-10-2017 om 20:42 geschreven door peter  

Speed of spacetime ripples rules out some alternatives to dark energy

BY 

LISA GROSSMAN 

BANG, FLASH  Light waves and gravitational waves from a pair of colliding neutron stars reached Earth at almost the same time, ruling out theories about the universe based on predictions that the two kinds of waves might travel at different speeds. 

ILLUSTRATION BY ROBIN DIENEL COURTESY OF THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTION FOR SCIENC

Ripples in spacetime travel at the speed of light. That fact, confirmed by the recent detection of a pair of colliding stellar corpses, kills a whole category of theories that mess with the laws of gravity to explain why the universe is expanding as fast as it is.

On October 16, physicists announced that the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, LIGO, had detected gravitational waves from a neutron star merger (SN Online: 10/16/17). Also, the neutron stars emitted high-energy light shortly after merging. The Fermi space telescope spotted that light coming from the same region of the sky 1.7 seconds after the gravitational wave detection. That observation showed for the first time that gravitational waves, the shivers in spacetime set off when massive bodies move, travel at the speed of light to within a tenth of a trillionth of a percent.

Within a day, five papers were posted at arXiv.org mourning hundreds of expanding universe theories that predicted gravitational waves should travel faster than light — an impossibility without changes to Einstein’s laws of gravity. These theories “are very, very dead,” says the coauthor of one of the papers, cosmologist Miguel Zumalacárregui of the Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics, or NORDITA, in Stockholm. “We need to go back to our blackboards and start thinking of other alternatives.”

In the 1990s, observations of exploding stars showed that more distant explosions were dimmer than existing theories predicted. That suggested that the universe is expanding at an ever-increasing rate (SN: 10/22/11, p. 13). Cosmologists have struggled ever since to explain why.

The most popular explanation for the speedup is that spacetime is filled with a peculiar entity dubbed dark energy. “You can think of it like a mysterious fluid that pushes everything apart and counteracts gravity,” says cosmologist Jeremy Sakstein of the University of Pennsylvania, coauthor of another new paper.

EVER-GROWING The universe has been expanding since the Big Bang, but its expansion rate is unexpectedly speeding up. The simultaneous observation of light and gravitational waves from colliding neutron stars just killed a whole swath of possible reasons why.

NASA

In the simplest version of this theory, the density of this dark energy has not changed over the history of the universe, so physicists call it a cosmological constant. This doesn’t require any changes to gravity — which is good, because gravity has been well-tested inside the solar system.

The cosmological constant idea matches observations of the wider universe, but it has some theoretical difficulties. Dark energy is about 120 orders of magnitude weaker than theorists calculate it should be (SN Online: 11/18/13), a mismatch that makes scientists uncomfortable.

Also, different methods for measuring the rate of expansion come up with slightly different numbers (SN: 8/6/16, p. 10). Measurements based on exploding stars suggest that distant galaxies are speeding away from each other at 73 kilometers per second for each megaparsec (about 3.3 million light-years) of space between them. But observations based on the cosmic microwave background, ancient light that encodes information about the conditions of the early universe, found that the expansion rate is 67 km/s per megaparsec. The disagreement suggests that either one of the measurements is wrong, or the theory behind dark energy needs a tweak.

So instead of invoking a substance to counteract gravity, theorists tried to explain the expanding universe by weakening gravity itself. Any modifications to gravity need to leave the solar system intact. “It’s quite hard to build a theory that accelerates the universe and also doesn’t mess up the solar system,” says cosmologist Tessa Baker of the University of Oxford, coauthor of still another paper.

These theories take hundreds of forms. “This field of modified gravity theories is a zoo,” says Baker. Some suggest that gravity leaks out into extra dimensions of space and time. Many others account for the universe’s speedy spreading by adding a different mysterious entity — some unknown particle perhaps — that drains gravity’s strength as the universe evolves.

But the new entity would have another crucial effect: It could slow the speed of light waves, similar to the way light travels more slowly through water than through air. That means that the best alternatives to dark energy required gravitational waves to travel faster than light — which they don’t.

Justin Khoury, a theoretical physicist at the University of Pennsylvania who has worked on several of the alternative gravity theories but was not involved in the new papers, was surprised that one gravitational-wave observation ruled out so many theories at once. He’s hardly disappointed, though.

“The fact that we’re learning something about dark energy because of this measurement is incredibly exciting,” he says.

Observing gravitational waves and light waves at the same time offers a third, independent way to measure how fast the universe is expanding. For now, that rate lies frustratingly right between the two clashing measurements scientists already had, at 70 km/s per megaparsec. But it’s still imprecise. Once LIGO and other observatories have seen 10 or 20 more neutron star collisions, researchers should be able to tell which measurement is correct and figure out whether dark energy needs an update, Zumalacárregui says.

“Gravitational waves may kill these models, but eventually they have the potential to tell us if this discrepancy is for real,” he says. “That’s something that is in itself very beautiful.”

Citations

P. Creminelli and F. Vernizzi. Dark energy after GW170817. arXiv:1710.05877v1. Posted October 16, 2017.

J. M. Ezquiaga and M. Zumalacárregui. Dark energy after GW170817. arXiv:1710.05901v1. Posted October 16, 2017.

J. Sakstein and B. Jain. Implications of the neutron star merger GW170817 for cosmological scalar-tensor theories. arXiv:1710.05893v1. Posted October 16, 2017.

H. Wang et al. GW170817/GRB 170817A/AT2017GFO association: some implications for physics and astrophysics. arXiv:17170.05805v1. Posted October 16, 2017.

T. Baker et al. Strong constraints on cosmological gravity from GW170817 and GRB 170817A. arXiv:1710.06394v1. Posted October 17, 2017.

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration and The Virgo Collaboration, The 1M2H Collaboration, The Dark Energy Camera GW-EM Collaboration and the DES Collaboration, The DLT40 Collaboration, The Las Cumbres Observatory Collaboration, The VINROUGE Collaboration & The MASTER Collaboration. A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant. Nature. Published online October 16, 2017. doi: 10.1038/nature24471.

Further Reading

E. Conover. Neutron star collision showers the universe with a wealth of discoveries. Science News Online, October 16, 2017.

E. Conover. Debate accelerates on universe’s expansion speed. Science News. Vol. 190, August 6, 2016, p. 10.

T. Siegfried. Trust in gravity isn’t always the best astronomy policy. Science News Online, May 20, 2014.

{ https://www.sciencenews.org/ }

29-10-2017 om 20:24 geschreven door peter  

This mystery object may be our first visitor from another solar system

By Amanda Barnett, CNN

The galaxy explained 

(CNN)Astronomers around the world are trying to track down a small, fast-moving object that is zipping through our solar system.

Is a comet? An asteroid? NASA's not sure. The space agency doesn't even know where it came from, but it's not behaving like the local space rocks and that means it may not be from our solar system.

If that's confirmed, NASA says "it would be the first interstellar object to be observed and confirmed by astronomers."

"We have been waiting for this day for decades," Paul Chodas, manager of NASA's Center for Near-Earth Object Studies, said in a NASA news release. "It's long been theorized that such objects exist -- asteroids or comets moving around between the stars and occasionally passing through our solar system -- but this is the first such detection. So far, everything indicates this is likely an interstellar object, but more data would help to confirm it."

NASA says astronomers are pointing telescopes on the ground and in space at the object to get that data.

For now, the object is being called A/2017 U1. Experts think it's less than a quarter-mile (400 meters) in diameter and it's racing through space at 15.8 miles (25.5 kilometers) per second.

It was discovered October 19 by the University of Hawaii's Pan-STARRS 1 telescope on Haleakala, Hawaii.

Rob Weryk, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Hawaii Institute for Astronomy, was the first to identify the object and immediately realized there was something different about it.

"Its motion could not be explained using either a normal solar system asteroid or comet orbit," he said. "This object came from outside our solar system."

Whatever "it" is, the object isn't a threat to Earth.

NASA say that on October 14, it safely passed our home world at a distance of about 15 million miles (24 million kilometers) -- that's about 60 times the distance to the moon.

Where's it going? Scientists think the object is heading toward the constellation Pegasus and is on its way out of our solar system.

This artist's concept illustrates an asteroid belt around a bright star.

(NASA/JLP-Caltech)

"This is the most extreme orbit I have ever seen," said Davide Farnocchia, a scientist at the Center for Near-Earth Object Studies. "It is going extremely fast and on such a trajectory that we can say with confidence that this object is on its way out of the solar system and not coming back."

"It" may eventually get a better name than A/2017 U1, but since the object is the first of its kind, the International Astronomical Union will have to come up with new rules for naming the object.

{ http://edition.cnn.com/ }

29-10-2017 om 19:49 geschreven door peter  

Air Force Aviator Leaks Dramatic UFO HUD Video

Classified military footage of the Phoenix Lights UFO phenomenon has recently been leaked by a former U.S Air Force aviator. The footage reportedly captures never-before-seen cockpit footage of Lockheed-Martin F-16 and Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II fighter jets in action the night of the original incident 17 years ago.

56th Fighter Wing Public Affairs at Luke has received numerous inquiries and requests, but has remained silent on the footage.  The report claims additional footage of multiple civilian casualties has been obtained.

The “Phoenix Lights” incident is one of the largest UFO sightings in North America.  Thousands of Arizona residents became alarmed when they noticed a sizable object in the sky above Phoenix 19 years ago.

Multiple eyewitnesses reported a diamond-shaped craft hovering above the city for at least a couple of hours.

An artist’s rendering of what the UFO above Phoenix may have looked like in the daylight.

(Photo courtesy of Pinterest)

Nineteen years later, questions about the Phoenix Lights are still being asked. Arizona residents still remember the phenomenon and the new footage has stirred more tension around the 19-year-old event. The lights have been the subject of intense scrutiny, government denials and internet documentaries.

This never-before-seen video of an engagement during the Phoenix Lights was leaked online this weekend, by KWBV News journalist David Collins. The FLIR video purportedly depicts military and unknown craft on the night of the mass sighting over Phoenix in 1997.

(Featured Photo courtesy of YouTube)

{ http://specialoperations.com/ }

29-10-2017 om 19:03 geschreven door peter  

ALIENS ARE ACTUALLY IMMORTAL ROBOTS, AND THEY’RE BILLIONS OF YEARS OLD, SCIENTIST CLAIMS

 Rob Waugh for Metro.co.uk

Credit: Getty

Sorry, UFO fans, aliens are probably not almond-eyed, elf-like creatures with an unfathomable obsession with sticking probes up people’s bums.

Instead, they’re much more like to be robots – robots so old it’s difficult to even imagine, according to the Daily Galaxy.

Susan Schneider of the University of Connecticut and the Institute for Advanced Studies at Princeton says that alien AI may already be out there, and could be billions of years old.

Schneider says, ‘I do not believe that most advanced alien civilizations will be biological. The most sophisticated civilizations will be postbiological, forms of artificial intelligence or alien superintelligence.’

Schneider said in a Daily Galaxy report, ‘all lines of evidence converge on the conclusion that the maximum age of extraterrestrial intelligence would be billions of years, specifically ranges from 1.7 billion to 8 billion years.’

Many researchers believe that the first aliens we encounter will be robots.

Many scientists believe that the period from the discovery of radio waves, to organisms turning themselves into immortal robots will be relatively brief.

For instance, Google’s Ray Kurzweil has predicted that man will merge with machine here on Earth in the year 2050.

The upshot of this is that it’s far, far more likely that we’ll meet aliens after they’ve turned into machines, according to experts. 

Seth Shostak of the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence says, ‘Consider the fact that any signal we pick up has to come from a civilization at least as advanced as we are.

‘Now, let’s say, conservatively, the average civilization will use radio for 10,000 years. From a purely probabilistic point of view, the chance of encountering a society far older than ourselves is quite high.’

{ http://metro.co.uk/ }

29-10-2017 om 18:38 geschreven door peter  

This video will blow your mind: the Giant Megaliths of Russia

This incredible video presents some of the most incredible yet mysterious structures that have been found in all corners of Russia. According to the author of the video, these huge megaliths that strangely resemble construction methods used in sites like Puma Punku, Teotihuacan, and Tiahuanaco, could not have been the result of ancient mankind.

No matter what the numbers were in the past, the author of the video suggests that these mysterious megalithic sites in Russia are the ultimate and most compelling evidence that proves giant Beings inhabited the world in the distant past.

The author suggests that much before the biblical flood, thousands of years earlier, giant beings inhabited all corners on our planet, and stories about these giant beings can be found in cultures around the globe. No matter where we go and at what ancient culture we look at, it seems that ‘Ancient Giant Beings’ were present on Earth before ‘ancient history,’ a time that corresponds to a period in the long history of planet Earth, where, according to mainstream scholars civilizations and mankind were totally undeveloped and perhaps, didn’t even exist.

However, videos like this clearly show that these ancient megalithic sites were somehow built, yet no one has been able to fully explain why, how and how long, these incredible structures defy history and everything we know about early civilizations and beings inhabiting our planet.

Genesis: 6:2: That the sons of God saw the daughters of men that they were fair; and they took them wives of all which they chose.

Genesis: 6:4: There were Giants (in Hebrew bible Nephilim) in the earth in those days; and also after that, when the sons of God came in unto the daughters of men, and they bare children to them, the same became mighty men which were of old, men of renown. Is it possible that just as ancient texts tell us, in the distant past, beings unlike any we see today, were present on the surface of Earth, and that some of the huge, megalithic sites were erected by them in the distant past?

The video:

Is it possible that the Megalithic site of Gornaya Shoria in Russia, is just one of the many sites in Russia where ancient beings inhabiting Earth in the distant past, managed to erect some of the biggest blocks of stone ever seen on our planet? What if all these myths and tales are more than that? And what if, as unlikely as it may seem to many people, giant beings, belonging to a completely different species, inhabited the Earth, before ordinary humans become the predominant species on the planet.

If you consider just for a moment the possibility, however unlikely, that giants existed on Earth, than we could explain how ancient megalithic monuments were erected tens of thousands of years ago, and the sites seen in this video might just be a compilation of the largest megalithic sites in Russia, constructed by the ‘alleged’ giants, many ancient cultures speak of.

{ https://www.ancient-code.com/ }

29-10-2017 om 18:11 geschreven door peter  

MYSTERIEUZE KOMEET EEN RUIMTESCHIP ? ( VIDEO )

Voor de eerste keer ooit is er een komeet ontdekt die niet afkomstig is uit ons eigen zonnestelsel.

Men noemt dit een interstellaire komeet omdat de wetenschappers geen flauw benul hebben welk object hier met een snelheid van 26 kilometer per seconde door de ruimte reist.

Objecten die ontdekt worden in de ruimte krijgen altijd een eigen unieke aanduiding met daarin verwerkt meestal ook het jaar waarin ze zijn ontdekt.

Een dergelijk object is C/2017 U1. Het werd afgelopen september ontdekt door astronomen met de PannSTARRS1 telescoop op Hawaï.  

Het vreemde is dat niemand eigenlijk precies wat voor object het is. In eerste instantie werd het een komeet genoemd, maar omdat het niet een soort omloopbaan om de zon heeft zoals gebruikelijk bij kometen begon men te twijfelen of het wel een komeet was. Wel heeft men vast kunnen stellen dat het object een doorsnede heeft van ongeveer 160 meter en reist met een snelheid van 26 kilometer per seconde.

Wat dit object vooral bijzonder maakt, is dat het schijnt te komen van buiten ons zonnestelsel en daardoor een vreemde omloopbaan heeft. In het volgende plaatje wordt object c/2017 U1 weergegeven als geel en ter vergelijking zijn de groene fictieve omloopbanen van kometen. Dit om duidelijk te maken in hoeverre die omloopbaan van C/2017 afwijkt.

Nog nooit hebben wij op aarde een wat men nu noemt interstellaire komeet meegemaakt. Een komeet afkomstig uit een ander zonnestelsel dan de onze. Was dit waar Ferrada al over sprak en wat hij cometa planeta noemde, of mogelijk iets wat bij dit fenomeen hoort?

Hoe verwarrend dit alles is voor de wetenschappers, wordt duidelijk als je leest wat de Wikipedia weet te vermelden over dit object:

Op 14 oktober passeerde het object onze zon en is nu weer op weg om te verdwijnen in de ruimte. C/2017 U1 werd in 2017 ontdekt met de STARRS1-telescoop op het Hawaiiaanse eiland Maui. Het zou mogelijk een donker rotsblok met een middellijn van zo'n 150 meter betreffen. Vermoed wordt dat het object afkomstig is uit de richting van het sterrenbeeld Lier, meer bepaald uit de omgeving van de ster Wega alwaar een zonnestelsel-in-wording is ontdekt. Dat het rotsblok ook daadwerkelijk van de omgeving van Wega afkomstig is wordt uiterst onwaarschijnlijk geacht, aangezien dit rotsblok ongeveer 300.000 jaar over de tocht naar ons zonnestelsel moet hebben gedaan, en toen stond Wega ergens anders aan de hemel.

En Scientias zegt er het volgende over:

Dit is interessant, want alles wijst er op dat er momenteel een ‘exotisch’ object door ons zonnestelsel reist. Helaas kunnen we het object niet van dichtbij bekijken, want de exokomeet verlaat momenteel het zonnestelsel en heeft een hoge snelheid.

We hebben iets dat nog nooit eerder op aarde is gezien en we noemen het een rotsblok. Een veel logischere verklaring zou uiteraard zijn dat het hier gaat om een intelligent bestuurd ruimtevaartuig van een andere ster, zoals misschien Wega.

Die zullen dan echt geen 300.000 jaar over die tocht hebben gedaan, maar waarschijnlijk gebruikt hebben gemaakt een dimensieportaal om heel snel naar dit deel van ons zonnestelsel te reizen.

Wij schrijven al jaren over de grote UFO's die regelmatig bij de zon worden waargenomen en ter illustratie daarvan een deel uit een artikel van eind vorig jaar:

Ongeveer tien jaar geleden verklaarden twee Russische wetenschappers dat ze hadden ontdekt dat er op ieder gegeven moment zich honderden UFO’s ophouden in de buurt van onze zon. 

Dat niet alleen, maar ook dat ze hun snelheid kunnen verhogen of verlagen zonder aanwijsbare reden en dat ze een rechthoekige draai kunnen maken met onvoorstelbare snelheden, iets dat voor een normaal ruimteschip onmogelijk zou zijn. Zeker voor de waargenomen ruimteschepen die minstens zo groot zijn als onze maan. 

Door de jaren heen zijn er telkens nieuwe waarnemingen geweest, waarbij het lijkt alsof deze enorme UFO’s energie uit de zon tanken. 

Nu duikt er weer een opname op van een UFO die als het ware lijkt weg te schieten van de zon.

Op ieder gewenst moment van de dag is er eigenlijk wel wat te zien rondom de zon op de SOHO beelden van NASA. 

Het volgende voorbeeld is gemaakt door Scott Waring van Ufo Sightings Daily voor wie iedere pixelafwijking in het beeld een UFO is, maar waar ook inderdaad recht boven de zon en rechtsonder vreemde objecten zijn te zien.

Er wordt op dit moment veel gesproken over een mogelijke nep buitenaardse invasie op aarde. Een soort holografisch spel door de elite, waarbij het lijkt alsof er een buitenaardse invasiemacht naar de aarde is gekomen om ons te koloniseren. Het idee erachter is dan om de al zo lang gewenste wereldregering te activeren, waarbij de mensheid als één geheel weerstand zal bieden tegen de indringers. 

Echter, de activiteiten van vreemde objecten in de buurt van de zon heeft naar alle waarschijnlijkheid niets te maken met iets dat door mensenhanden is gemaakt, maar alles met buitenaardse beschavingen. 

En dan een onbekend object op een route (omloopbaan) die nog niet eerder is waargenomen, waarbij wetenschappers met de mond vol tanden staan en geen antwoorden hebben.

Noem het maar een interstellaire komeet; wij noemen het een ruimteschip.

Omdat we vandaag de wintertijd ingaan en we ons immuunsysteem in die periode best extra mogen ondersteunen, is er voor Niburu lezers deze week een daverende aanbieding van maar liefst 25 procent korting (!) op de Rauwe CBD Hennep capsules van Orjana. Deze aanbieding is geldig zolang de voorraad strekt en loopt tot en met zondag 5 november 2017. Wil je gebruikmaken van deze unieke aanbieding vul dan code "hemp25" in bij het afrekenen

{ http://niburu.co/ }

29-10-2017 om 17:42 geschreven door peter  

Amerikaan verkoopt ranch vanwege aanvallen door ‘greys’. Bevinden zich hier poorten naar andere dimensies?

John Edmonds uit Rainbow Valley in Arizona verkoopt zijn paardenranch omdat hij naar eigen zeggen niet meer tegen de constante paranormale activiteit kan.

De ranch is al meerdere keren op tv en in het nieuws geweest omdat er naar verluidt aliens op bezoek komen.

Zo vertelde Edmonds tijdens een aflevering van Ghost Adventures dat hij een buitenaards voorwerp had gevonden en is bezocht door de echte Men in Black.

Vreemde gebeurtenissen

Hij claimt dat hij al 19 aliens heeft gedood en dat de wezens meerdere keren zouden hebben geprobeerd om hem en zijn vrouw te ontvoeren.

“Ze leviteerden haar uit bed en droegen haar naar de parkeerplaats en probeerden haar mee te nemen in het ruimteschip,” vertelde hij aan de lokale zender KPNX.

Het stel kocht de ranch in 1995, maar vrijwel gelijk deden zich er vreemde gebeurtenissen voor.

Greys

Op zijn Facebookpagina plaatst Edmonds geregeld berichten over zijn ervaringen. Onder een foto met daarop een katana beschrijft hij hoe hij de ‘greys’ doodmaakt.

Hij legt uit dat je het hoofd eraf moet hakken omdat ze anders gemakkelijk kunnen ontkomen. Zelfs met een vlijmscherp zwaard is het vrijwel onmogelijk om ze in één keer te onthoofden, schreef hij.

John Edmonds

ongeveer 2 maanden geleden 

This is why I want to move!

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Delen

Andere dimensies

Makelaar Kimberley Gero zei dat sommige potentiële kopers geen problemen hebben met de geschiedenis van de ranch, terwijl anderen doodsbang zijn dat er iets gaat gebeuren.

Het huis beschikt over vijf slaapkamers, vier badkamers, een groot zwembad en… twee poorten die volgens Edmonds naar andere dimensies leiden, meldt zender KHQ.

Foto: Facebook/John Edmonds

[Global News] 

© Copyright (c) NineForNews.nl

29-10-2017 om 12:39 geschreven door peter  

Arizona man selling ranch for $5M due to constant ‘alien attacks’

By Jenny Rodrigues

This is why I want to move!

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29-10-2017 om 12:37 geschreven door peter  

GROTE ZORGEN OM VULKANEN OP CANARISCHE EILANDEN

Net zoals er rondom de Yellowstone supervulkaan in Amerika onlangs ongekend veel aardbevingen werden geregistreerd, is dat nu ook het geval rond de vulkanen op La Palma, één van de Canarische Eilanden. 

Er zijn met spoed experts naartoe gevlogen om metingen te verrichten en de situatie 24 uur per dag te observeren.

Hoelang zal het nog duren voordat het eindelijk bij de mensheid inzinkt dat er ongewone dingen op aarde gebeuren waarvoor niemand een zinnige verklaring kan bedenken? Het enige dat je daarvoor hoeft te doen, is wat wij al jaren doen, het bijhouden van ongewone en heftige aardveranderingen. 

Het probleem daarbij is dat dit soort dingen wel wordt gerapporteerd, maar dat er nooit enig verband wordt gelegd tussen al die afzonderlijke gebeurtenissen.

Zo schreven wij enkele weken geleden over de dreiging van de Yellowstone supervulkaan die opeens veel groter blijkt te zijn dan oorspronkelijk werd gedacht.

De afgelopen jaren is het publiek regelmatig in slaap gesust door de Amerikaanse Geological Survey (USGS), die verzekerde dat ondanks dat er zich steeds vaker series kleine aardbevingen voordeden rondom het gebied van de Yellowstone Supervulkaan, dit helemaal niets was om ons zorgen over te maken.

Een supervulkaan die, wanneer deze wel tot uitbarsting zou komen, zal zorgen voor mogelijk honderdduizenden dodelijke slachtoffers.

Echter, die geruststellende praatjes beginnen nu plotsklaps te veranderen.

Sinds ongeveer het midden van de maand juli van dit jaar hebben zich in het Yellowstone gebied ongeveer 2.500 kleine aardbevingen voorgedaan, het hoogste aantal in een serie ooit. De aarde onder de vulkaan is aan het verschuiven en dit kan betekenen dat er magma is gaan stromen naar de belangrijkste magmakamer.

Dit proces dat leidt naar een uitbarsting had volgens eerdere voorspellingen van de geologen van de USGS nog duizenden jaren moeten duren.

De wereld reageert niet op dat bericht, neemt het voor kennisgeving aan, als ze het al lezen, en gaan verder met echt belangrijke zaken zoals de nieuwe serie Pose die de grootste transgendercast ooit zal tellen.

Niemand die ook kijkt naar een bericht over plotselinge paniek op de Canarische Eilanden waar ook vulkanen zijn en honderden kleine aardbevingen worden geregistreerd. Men heeft in sneltreinvaart een aantal experts daar naartoe gehaald.

De reden is dat een dergelijke situatie snel kan omslaan en men de experts ter plekke tests wil laten uitvoeren op het eiland La Palma om zo misschien vast te kunnen stellen waarom en welke actieve vulkaan daar op het punt staat om uit te barsten.

Het gaat om de volgende vulkanen:

De Cumbre Vieja is een actieve vulkanengroep op het zuidelijk deel van het Canarische Eiland La Palma. De keten is 18 km lang en telt ongeveer 120 dicht bij elkaar gelegen vulkanen met als hoogste de Deseada, 1.945 m. De Cumbre Vieja sluit in het noorden aan op de oudere en lager gelegen Cumbre Nueva. In het zuiden loopt de bergketen langzaam af en eindigt in de uiterste zuidpunt van La Palma, bij Punta de Fuencaliente.

Op La Palma hetzelfde verhaal als bij de Yellowstone supervulkaan. Door de ongekend hoeveelheid aardbevingen wordt het magma naar boven gestuwd en is de kans op een vulkaanuitbarsting ineens vele malen groter geworden. Het enige dat wetenschappers nu kunnen doen, is de verschillende variabelen meten om zo misschien te kunnen bepalen hoe dichtbij die uitbarsting is. 

Ook hier weer dezelfde geruststellende woorden zoals altijd: Volgens lokale wetenschappers is dit dan wel de grootste serie aardbevingen die zijn voorgekomen sinds men dit begon bij te houden, maar deze zogenaamde "seismic swarms" zijn absoluut niets ongewoons.

Dat is het patroon dat we iedere keer weer opnieuw zien. Ieder keer is wat er gebeurt de meest heftige, de nog nooit eerder voorgekomen, de grootste, de hoogste enzovoort. En iedere keer worden er geruststellende woorden gesproken en is er niemand die een verband legt tussen bepaalde gebeurtenissen, behalve een enkeling in de alternatieve media en die ziet spoken. 

Overal ter wereld worden vulkanen wakker en/of komen tot uitbarsting.

Zoals de Sinabung vulkaan in Indonesië die afgelopen dinsdag zelf twee keer tot een uitbarsting kwam, waarbij as en puin kilometers hoog de lucht in werden gespuwd.

Op woensdag volgde er een explosie van de Stromboli vulkaan nabij het Italiaanse eiland Sicilië, misschien een voorbode van dingen die gaan komen.

Even terug naar een artikel dat we onlangs schreven naar aanleiding van een verklaring van NASA:

En nu komt er dus een mededeling van NASA dat er niet alleen een soort superaarde moet zijn met een gewicht tien keer dat van onze aarde, maar ook dat deze zo'n krachtige invloed heeft dat het ons complete zonnestelsel heeft laten kantelen.

In een verklaring zegt NASA het volgende: "Het kan rondhangen aan de verre uiteinden van ons zonnestelsel en zich in het donker verborgen houden, maar toch subtiel in de achtergrond aan de touwtjes trekken: de omloopbanen van de buitenste planeten langer maken en zelfs het laten kantelen van het zonnestelsel naar één kant".

En verder: "De tekenen zijn tot nu indirect, het betreft vooral een zwaartekracht voetafdruk, maar alles met elkaar telt het toch op tot een overtuigende zaak".

Wanneer er krachten aan het werk zijn die ons zonnestelsel kunnen laten kantelen, is het dan niet logisch dat ze ook verantwoordelijk kunnen zijn voor ontwakende en steeds actiever wordende vulkanen?

{ http://niburu.co/ }

29-10-2017 om 12:11 geschreven door peter  

Incredible footage of high speed UFO that appears to ignite other objects in space near Saturn

Sky observer DiversityJ captured a very rare, incredibly fast sequence of events on the evening of October 26, 2017 at 7:32pm while recording Saturn in the west sky.

A nearly transparent ultra high speed UFO that seems to defy basic laws of motion, from the viewers’ perspective it traveled directly across the surface of Saturn in the lower Western sky, causing wave distortion, actually distorting the light of Saturn.

In 1 1/4 second (75 frames), there was a bright UFO that shot up from below Saturn, lit up a second object with an orange glow, then after the UFO passed Saturn it appeared to trigger another burst of light (third object) before going out of frame.

If you look closely you can see the UFO turns from light orange to white as it seems to become one with the bright white flash of light.

DiversityJ states: Now, I didn't see this when out filming. Had a heck of a time getting the camera to find Saturn, and then manually trying to focus, waiting for the noisy atv's to quiet down. But as Saturn got lower in frame and I tried to adjust, I lost it and couldn't find it again during this take. A few minutes later I eventually got both the Moon and Saturn.

Anyway, on that first take, I was staring at the monitor with my magnifying glass glancing up and back down the whole time. I didn't see any lights or airplanes. It wasn't until going in and watching the footage on the computer that I saw the event, lasted less than 2 seconds!

Specifications:

7:32pm, Thursday Oct 26, 2017, NE Ohio, 42°F - SW Sky.

Nikon P900 with 83x optical zoom & 166x dynamic fine digital zoom super telephoto Nikkor lens: -Homemade Solar Filter using Thousand Oaks Optical Solar Filter Film. Manual Focus, Shutter Speed 1/10, Aperture 6.3, ISO 100-400, AE-L (auto exposure locked).

This very fascinating sequence of events in space observed from NE Ohio that would have never been noticed if it weren't for the great camera work and intuition of DiversityJ to have the camera recording just at the right time.

  

GIANT UFO Tracked Passing Jupiter By Shocked Astronomer! Alien Coverup 6/12/16

{  http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/ }

29-10-2017 om 11:55 geschreven door peter  

The crust of the dwarf planet comprises ice, salts and materials belonging to geological activities which took place in the past.

By : Nupur Jha

The image shows the liquid left over from ancient ocean on dwarf planet Ceres.

NASA

NASA' Dawn mission has helped in detecting proof about residual liquid on dwarf planet Ceres. The leftover liquid belongs to the ancient global ocean that existed on the planet.

ALSO READ: Discovery of 1,700-year-old 'Mummified Aliens' in Peru's Nazca is NOT A HOAX, claims scientist [VIDEO]

The crust of the dwarf planet comprises ice, salts and materials belonging to geological activities which took place in the past.

The layer beneath the rigid surface of Ceres is found to be easily deformable and soft due to the residual liquid.

"More and more, we are learning that Ceres is a complex, dynamic world that may have hosted a lot of liquid water in the past, and may still have some underground," said Julie Castillo-Rogez, Dawn project scientist based at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in California.

A group of astronomers led by Anton Ermakov, a postdoctoral researcher at JPL, had used the measurements of shape and gravity to determine the composition and internal structure of Ceres. The finding reveals that this dwarf planet is geologically active or was in the recent past.

Three craters named Occator, Kerwan and Yalode and a solitary tall mountain present n the crater, Ahuna Mons, are linked with "gravity anomalies".

"Ceres has an abundance of gravity anomalies associated with outstanding geologic features," Ermakov said. In the cases of Ahuna Mons and Occator, the anomalies can be used to better understand the origin of these features, which are believed to be different expressions of cryovolcanism.

ALSO READ: Interstellar celestial body spotted in our solar system for the first time!

This animation shows dwarf planet Ceres as seen by NASA's Dawn. The map overlaid at right gives scientists hints about Ceres' internal structure from gravity measurements.NASA/JPL-Caltech/UCLA/MPS/DLR/IDA

The models of Ceres created by the scientists show discrepancies. The analysis of these four locations done by the Dawn probe is about the subsurface structures.

Astronomers led by Roger Fu at Harvard University, US, studied the composition and strength of the dwarf planet's crust and deeper interior by analysing its topography. The researchers found that the crust of the dwarf planet comprised ice, salts, rock and an additional component, which was believed to be clathrate hydrate — which is a cage of water molecules, surrounding a gas molecule.

Clathrate hydrate's structure is found to be 100 to 1,000 times stronger than water ice, while having almost the same density.

It's believed by the researchers that the surface features of Ceres were more well-defined once, but they have smoothened over time. A very strong crust resting on a more deformable layer which contains a small amount of liquid is required for this sort of flattening of mountains and valleys, according to Fu and his team of astronomers.µ

RELATED

• Discovery of 1,700-year-old 'Mummified Aliens' in Peru is NOT A HOAX! [VIDEO]

• Asteroids that flew by Earth closely this month: Top things to know

{ http://www.ibtimes.co.in/ }

29-10-2017 om 01:27 geschreven door peter  

"Levitating" Sands Could Be the Key to Landscape Formation on Mars

A unique geologic process, made possible by Mars's thin atmosphere, could be the key to understanding dune formations on the Red Planet.

Despite being the best planet for future colonization efforts, Mars is a very different world than Earth. Temperatures average about −55 degrees Celsius (−67° F) on the Red Planet, and can range from about −153 degrees C (−243° F) at the poles to 20 degrees C (68° F) near the equator at high noon. Even more alien, the atmosphere on Mars is a little less than one percent the thickness of Earth's atmosphere, which results in some unique chemical processes. For example, water ice will sublimate rather than melt on the surface, changing directly from a solid into vapor despite the frigid temperatures.

New research suggests the unique conditions on Mars can produce a "levitating" effect on martian sands and dust, a factor that must be accounted for when studying dune formation and other geological processes on the Red Planet. The study, published this morning in Nature Communications, builds off previous research that suggests liquid water flows underground on Mars today, as evidenced by dark streaks of briny water that appear seasonally in martian dunes. When small amounts of this water reach the surface and are exposed to the atmosphere, they sublimate immediately into a gas, or perhaps exist very briefly as liquid water before boiling into vapor. This boiling process can levitate sands and carry them across the surface, especially down a slope.

"It is possible that water 'trapped' underneath sediment cover could be liquid on Mars in small amounts," Jan Raack, lead author and a research fellow at The Open University, told Popular Mechanics in an email. "Overlaying sediment would protect water to sublimate, and when it would come into contact with the thin atmosphere, it would boil and cause the effect of levitation and saltation we have observed in our experiments."

The exact formation processes of martian hills and dunes is still somewhat of a mystery for planetary geologists. The sands of Mars do not behave like the sands of the Sahara. The reduced gravity on Mars, only 3.7 m/s² compared to 9.8 m/s² on Earth, is partially responsible for the unique geologic processes, but scientists haven't been able to explain the entire picture just by accounting for the weaker gravity. Raack believes the levitating process he reproduced in the lab could be a missing piece to the puzzle.

"If liquid water (maybe groundwater or rapid ice melt or liquid brines) comes into contact with a relatively warm martian surface (around 5° C), then the effect of levitation will be possible which enhances the amount of transported sediment down a slope massively," says Raack.

The levitating sands on Mars may seem like a minor addition, just a new variable in the geologic models that simulate dune formation, but understanding the geology on Mars is vital to any human exploration efforts. Where is the water on Mars, and how could we access it? What challenges do engineers face when designing the foundation of a structure on Mars? Do the shifting sands of the Red Planet hide microbes beneath, sustaining off the thick briny water underground?

If Raack's levitating sands model is correct, it could help scientists tackle these fundamental questions about our neighbor planet.

{ http://www.popularmechanics.com/ }

29-10-2017 om 01:06 geschreven door peter  

Reports of spectacular UFO - a giant glowing ball lighting the sky - in Siberia

'But gradually the ball began to expand, it became clear that this is not some radiance ... and it became scary ...' Picture: Alexey Yakovlev

The illuminated ball looming over the forest was seen clearly in the town of Salekhard right on the Arctic Circle, but was also visible over a swathe of northern Siberia in the night sky. 

Residents from Yamalo-Nenets region reported 'shivers down their spines' and the social media went alive with claims of aliens arriving in an awesome UFO.

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'The glowing ball rose from behind the trees and moved in my direction.'

Pictures: Sergey Anisimov

The extraordinary sight was captured by leading Siberian photographer Sergey Anisimov who admitted: 'At first I was taken aback for a few minutes, not understanding what was happening. 

'The glowing ball rose from behind the trees and moved in my direction. 

'My first thought was about the most powerful searchlight, but the speed of changing everything around changed the idea of what was happening. 

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'This is such a vision!' 

Pictures: Alexey Yakovlev

'The ball began to turn into an arc and gradually dissipated.'

After the multi-coloured light show was over he went home. 

'Kids (5-6 years old) walking in the yard emotionally began to tell me about an unusual phenomenon, using the words 'aliens', 'the portal to another dimension' and the like....'

This was the launch of a Topol-M intercontinental ballistic missile from Plesetsk cosmodrome aimed at the Kura testing range in Kamchatka on the country's Pacific coast.

Picture: The Siberian Times

Another photographer Alexey Yakovlev spotted the spectacle at Strezhevoi, in the north of Tomsk region,  some 840 kilometres away.

'And at first I thought - it is such a radiance of such an unusual form - round in shape.

'But gradually the ball began to expand, it became clear that this is not some radiance ... and it became scary ... 

'It's a gap in the space-time continuum.'

'It's good that I was not alone... they made it clear that the group of people cannot hallucinate.'

'This is such a vision!' 

Anastasia Boldyreva posted simply:  'Aliens arrived.'

Vasily Zubkov said: 'I went out to smoke a cigarette and thought it was the end of the world.'

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'I went out to smoke a cigarette and thought it was the end of the world.'

Pictures: Vkontakte

Another local Nurgazy Taabaldiev said: 'It's a gap in the space-time continuum.'

In fact the reason photographers were out watching the sky was an amazing show of northern lights - or Aurora Borealis - but there was an extra dimension too. 

This was the launch of a Topol-M intercontinental ballistic missile from Plesetsk cosmodrome aimed at the Kura testing range in Kamchatka on the country's Pacific coast. 

The launch was one of several last night in exercises by the Russian strategic nuclear forces, as confirmed by the Russian defence ministry. 

It was the the trace of the Topol rocket - capable of carrying nuclear missiles - that caused this extraordinary phenomenon in the sky. 

As photographer Yakovlev posted accurately: 'It seems I accidentally shoot the launch of a secret space rocket from Plesetsk'.

29-10-2017 om 00:54 geschreven door peter  

Eerie Glowing Bubble Over Siberia Sparks UFO Reports, Likely a Missile

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Reports of a giant glowing ball lighting the sky over Salekhard, the Yamal peninsula http://siberiantimes.com/other/others/news/

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28-10-2017 om 23:53 geschreven door peter