Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 12 YEARS AND 10 MONTHS.
ON 06/04/2024 MORE THAN 1.951.050
VISITORS FROM 134 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
02-11-2017
“Zo groot als een Boeing”: kosmische straling onthult enorme ruimte in piramide Cheops - HLN.be
“Zo groot als een Boeing”: kosmische straling onthult enorme ruimte in piramide Cheops - HLN.be
WETENSCHAP & PLANEETMet de hulp van kosmische stralen hebben wetenschappers een minstens 30 meter lange ruimte in de grootste van de drie piramides in Gizeh ontdekt. Het resultaat betekent een doorbraak om de interne structuur van de piramide van Cheops beter te begrijpen, schrijven de onderzoekers in een verslag in vakblad Nature.
“We weten niet wat de bedoeling van deze holle ruimte is”, zegt Mehdi Tayoubi van het internationaal wetenschappelijk team. “Daarom willen we ook niet van een kamer spreken”. Maar de omvang van de ontdekte ruimte is groot. “Zo groot als een Boeing”, klinkt het.
Drie teams van verschillende instituten en universiteiten uit Frankrijk en Japan onderzochten gedurende twee jaar de 4.500 jaar oude piramide in Gizeh. Daarbij gebruikten de wetenschappers een scan met muonen, een nevenproduct van kosmische straling. Net zoals röntgenstralen bij het menselijk lichaam kunnen die elementaire deeltjes honderden meter steen doordringenen, aldus de vorsers.
ap
Grootste
De piramide van Cheops is de oudste en de grootste van de drie piramide van Gizeh en is een van de zeven wereldwonderen uit de Oudheid. De piramide is 139 meter hoog en 230 meter lang. Het bouwsel werd tijdens de regeerperiode van Cheops (2509 tot 2483 v. Chr.) opgericht en heeft nog steeds niet al zijn geheimen blootgegeven.
WETENSCHAP & PLANEETOp de verjaardag van het internationaal ruimtestation ISS werd de baan rond de Aarde zoals gepland met 700 meter verschoven naar 404,6 kilometer hoogte.
Voor het manoeuvre werden de motoren van de momenteel aan de ISS aangedokte ruimtecargo Progress MS-06 gedurende 206 seconden ontstoken. De geplande correctie van de baan moet het aandokken van een bemande capsule en de aankomst van een ruimteschip in december voorbereiden.
Exact 17 jaar geleden, op 2 november 2000, arriveerde de eerste bemanning voor een langdurige bezetting aan het ISS. De Russische kosmonauten Sergej Krikaljov en de Joeri Gidsenko en de Amerikaanse astronaut William Shepherd bereikten het ruimtestation toen na een driedaagse vlucht met een Sojoez-capsule. Ze keerden op 21 maart 2001 naar de Aarde terug. Tijdens hun verblijf van vierenenhalve maand verrichten de ISS-pioniers belangrijk technisch werk om de bedrijvigheden in het station te kunnen beginnen.
Photo News
Samenwerking
Vandaag is al de 53ste bemanning aan de slag in het vliegende lab. De meeste driekoppige teams blijven in de regel ruim zes maanden in de ruimte en verrichten fundamenteel onderzoek in gewichtloosheid. In tegenstelling tot de politieke crisis tussen Rusland en het Westen verloopt de samenwerking met de ruimtevaartinstanties in het heelal perfect. Naast de VS en Rusland werken ook de ruimtevaartoverheden van Canada en Japan en het Europees Ruimtevaartagentschap Esa aan het ISS mee.
University of WarwickDe NGTS-1b is "monsterlijk groot"
WETENSCHAP & PLANEETDe ontdekking van een planeet die “monsterlijk groot” is in vergelijking met zijn moederster, zorgt voor opwinding onder wetenschappers. Het bestaan van ‘NGTS-1b’ stelt immers alle gangbare theorieën over de vorming van planeten in ons heelal in vraag.
Tot nu toe werd namelijk aangenomen dat het onmogelijk zou zijn dat zo’n grote planeet rond een (rode) dwergster zou kunnen ontstaan. Maar het recent ontdekte exemplaar dat de naam ‘NGTS-1b’ kreeg, slaat reeds bestaande inzichten helemaal aan diggelen.
Het mysterieuze zonnestelsel dat elke verbeelding tart, bevindt zich op 600 lichtjaren van onze Aarde en de dwergster is qua massa en straal de helft kleiner dan onze zon. Men heeft altijd aangenomen dat rond een soortgelijke ster enkel kleine rotsachtige planeten kunnen ontstaan. Maar NGTS-1b is net heel groot en helemaal niet rotsachtig. Volgens de geldende theorieën had de monsterplaneet dus niet eens kunnen bestaan.
“De ontdekking van NGTS-1b was een complete verrassing voor ons”, verklaarde professor Daniel Bayliss van de universiteit van Warwick. “We gingen ervan uit dat dergelijke gigantische planeten niet zouden kunnen voorkomen rond kleine sterren. Dit gegeven stelt onze huidige kennis omtrent de vorming van planeten in ons heelal in vraag. Nu moeten we nagaan hoe frequent dit soort planeten voorkomt.”
De nieuwe planeet werd ontdekt met het ‘Next Generation Transit Survey (NGTS)’-instrument dat in de Chileense Atacama-woestijn staat opgesteld om de ruimte te verkennen. Het gaat om een gasgigant die binnen de categorie van ‘hot Jupiter’ valt, wat concreet betekent dat de planeet minstens zo groot is als de Jupiter uit ons zonnestelsel. In het geval van NGTS-1b blijkt dat ze 30 procent groter is dan Jupiter maar wel 20 procent minder massa heeft. Ze draait om de 2,5 dagen om haar ster.
Toch was het voor de astronomen helemaal niet evident om de monsterplaneet te vinden omdat de moederster heel klein en zwak is. Maar het nieuwe NGTS-systeem geeft wetenschappers de mogelijkheid om in de toekomst mogelijk nog verrassende ontdekkingen te doen. “Wie weet wat we nog allemaal vinden”, besloot Bayliss.
British scientists have claimed alien lifeforms may have evolved in a similar way to the organisms here on Earth.
A new study from the University of Oxford suggested that the process of natural selection which created the myriad species we see here on Earth is likely to have taken place on other planets too.
However, this does not mean aliens will resemble beautiful human beings.
An illustration of an alien 'octomite' made up of several types of beastie working together
Natural selection is a process outlined by Charles Darwin which suggests that the species which are best suited to their environment are most likely to survive to pass on their genes.
Three different types of alien life, ranging from a very simplle on the left to a more complex one on the right
On Earth, this has led to the evolution of humans over billions of years.
But on another world, life is likely to look radically different depending on the conditions on the planet.
Sam Levin, a researcher at Oxford’s Department of Zoology, said: "We still can't say whether aliens will walk on two legs or have big green eyes. But we believe evolutionary theory offers a unique additional tool for trying to understand what aliens will be like, and we have shown some examples of the kinds of strong predictions we can make with it.
"There are potentially hundreds of thousands of habitable planets in our galaxy alone. We can't say whether or not we're alone on Earth, but we have taken a small step forward in answering, if we're not alone, what our neighbors are like."
On this planet, events known as "major transitions" have driven the evolution of different species.
These events take place when one group of organisms evolve into "higher level" types of lfe.
This happened when single cell organisms evolved to become organisms made of several cells - or when the first societies of primates formed, eventually leading to the rise of humanity.
"By predicting that aliens have undergone major transitions - which is how complexity has arisen in species on earth, we can say that there is a level of predictability to evolution that would cause them to look like us," Levin added.
He suggested aliens would have evolved similar "mechanisms" to humans, allowing them to "eliminate conflict, maintain cooperation and keep the organism functioning".
He added: "In our paper, we offer an alternative approach, which is to use evolutionary theory to make predictions that are independent of Earth's details. This is a useful approach, because theoretical predictions will apply to aliens that are silicon-based, do not have DNA, and breathe nitrogen, for example."
ELON MUSK SUPER INTELLIGENT ALIENS ARE “PROBABLY ALREADY OBSERVING Us
Aliens and Illuminati confirmed: a plane-sized hole has been found in the middle of the Great Pyramid, according to scientists.
What lies in the middle of the structure has been subject to debate for years as researchers were unable to get a look inside. But they now appear to have discovered that it contains a huge room with an unknown purpose... did someone say 'landing dock'?
Discovered as part of the 'ScanPyramids' project, it is the first of its kind to be made since the 19th century. The project sees researchers using particle physics to look deep inside the structure without disturbing what's inside.
Credit: PA Images
"We don't know whether this big void is horizontal or inclined; we don't know if this void is made by one structure or several successive structures," explained Mehdi Tayoubi from the HIP Institute, Paris.
"What we are sure about is that this big void is there; that it is impressive; and that it was not expected as far as I know by any sort of theory."
The Great Pyramid, or Khufu's Pyramid, was constructed during the reign of Pharaoh Khufu between 2509 and 2483 BC. It is the largest of the Egyptian pyramids located at Giza
Japanese and French scientists made the announcement after two years of study at the famous pyramid complex, after making the discovery using cosmic-ray imaging.
Credit: PA Images
"It could be a kind of space that the builders left to protect the very narrow roof of the grand gallery from the weight of the pyramid," American archaeologist Mark Lehner told the BBC's Science In Action programme.
"Right now it's just a big difference; it's an anomaly. But we need more of a focus on it, especially in a day and age when we can no longer go blasting our way through the pyramid with gunpowder as [British] Egyptologist Howard Vyse did in the early 1800s."
Hidden structure found inside the Great Pyramid of Giza in massive breakthrough.
Aliens would look a lot like life on Earth, researchers say.
Credit: Leo Blanchette/Shutterstock
What would life in a far-flung star system look like? Would humans even recognize it as life?
A new theory says yes, we would. In fact, life on other planets (or moons, or asteroids) might look surprisingly similar to life here on Earth, University of Oxford scientist wrote in the International Journal of Astrobiology on Oct. 31. That's because life on other planets would likely be subject to natural selection, just like life on Earth. And if life is subject to natural selection, it is likely to share similarities, even if it isn't carbon-based, for example, or codes its operating instructions in a way entirely different than DNA.
"Living things are adapted," study co-author Samuel Levin, a doctoral candidate in zoology at the University of Oxford, wrote in an email to Live Science. "They appear to be 'trying to do things' like eat, survive, grow, reproduce."
The only way to get adaptedness, Levin said, is through natural selection, the process through which hereditary variation among individuals leads to differences in success, and ultimately survival of the fittest.
Taking natural selection as a starting point, Levin and his colleagues asked what that reveals about how aliens might look. This is a theoretical approach to the question, Levin said. Many astrobiologists take what's called a "mechanistic" approach, looking at how life has evolved on Earth — say, around deep-sea vents — and try to apply that to the environments of distant planets. Mechanistic predictions have their strengths, Levin said, but because the sample size of planets with known life is just one, it's hard to know what is unique to Earth and what would hold true in space. For example, eyes or eye-like structures have evolved independently about 40 times on Earth, but it's not clear if aliens would also have eyes or whether sight is an Earth-centric sense.
These illustrations represent different levels of adaptive complexity that alien life may go through, ranging from a simple replicating molecule, with no apparent design (a), to a simple, cell-like entity that undergoes natural selection (b), to an alien with many intricate parts working together (c).
Credit: Helen S. Cooper
"Theoretical predictions, like the ones we make, are not tied to the details of Earth," Levin said. "They hold regardless of whether aliens are made of carbon or silicon, have DNA or 'XNA,' breathe oxygen or nitrogen, etc."
Theoretical predictions aren't able to determine anything so specific as whether aliens will look more like E.T. or the Predator, but natural selection does lead to certain kinds of organisms. Aliens that have undergone natural selection will be "nested," Levin said — they will have undergone transformations in complexity over time, and they'll retain some evidence of those transitions. On Earth, genes "cooperated" to make genomes, genomes made blueprints for cells, and primitive cells eventually joined together to make more complex eukaryotic cells. (Mitochondria, the energy-transforming organelles of eukaryotic cells, were once separate organisms that entered a mutually beneficial relationship with their host cells.) Cells join together to make multicellular organisms, and multicellular organisms often cooperate in colonies or societies.
Getting to know the neighbors
To illustrate the concept, Levin and his colleagues dreamed up a tuber-like alien they call the "Octomite," a complex creature made up of smaller entities that have aligned their interests so that they cooperate, much like the human body's cells work together to keep a person alive.
To illustrate the concept, the researchers came up with a tuber-like alien they dubbed "Octomite," a complex creature made up of smaller entities that cooperate, much like the human body's cells work together to keep a person alive.
Credit: Helen S. Cooper
"Are we alone?" is one of the fundamental questions of the universe, Levin said, so it's worth pondering the sort of life we might run across if we do find E.T. out there.
"On a more philosophical level, understanding what features will be universal to life, wherever it exists, seems deeply rewarding," Levin said. "Our work can't answer the question of whether we're alone, but it does tell us something about our neighbors if we're not alone."
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
What Would Aliens Really Look Like? Here Are Some Hints From Evolution
Leo Blanchette/Shutterstock
What Would Aliens Really Look Like? Here Are Some Hints From Evolution
Um, would they even have faces?
MIKE MCRAE
We're all a little obsessed about aliens. Lonely little Earthlings that we are, science and philosophy are bent on knowing why we're here and whether we're alone.
Until we're the ones doing the probing on something from beyond Proxima Centauri, we have to make do with our imaginations. But with the help of experts in evolutionary biology, we can make some fascinating guesses at what could be out there.
Researchers from the University of Oxford have decided to use their skills in this field to outline an argument for applying natural selection to predicting the morphologies and functions of extra-terrestrial organisms.
"Past approaches in the field of astrobiology have been largely mechanistic, taking what we see on Earth, and what we know about chemistry, geology, and physics to make predictions about aliens," says researcher Sam Levin.
Instead of assuming life forms from other worlds are bound by similar chemical attributes, we should be more focused on naturally selective processes, claims Levin.
"This is a useful approach, because theoretical predictions will apply to aliens that are silicon based, do not have DNA, and breathe nitrogen, for example."
To sketch out the kinds of biology we'd expect to find out there on the kinds of oddball worlds we're discovering, the researchers argue we should gather evidence on any critical planetary moments that could act as an evolutionary trigger.
Evidence is mounting for massive global events on our own planet kickstarting new evolutionary pathways, such as releasing bursts of nutrients.
On Earth, these events have been defining moments on the path of life – the merging of cells to form significant symbiotic partnerships, or the diversification of cells in colonies to represent something more multicellular.
The researchers sketched out some back-of-the-envelope concepts of how complexity might proceed in another biosphere.
Researchers sketch a concept for a very alien evolutionary path in an alien environment.
(Helen.S.Cooper)
Predicting these steps in complexity might not tell us much about the fine details, but they could still help us flesh out on which worlds we should expect slime and on which we could hope for something more communicative.
"We still can't say whether aliens will walk on two legs or have big green eyes," says Levin. "But we believe evolutionary theory offers a unique additional tool for trying to understand what aliens will be like, and we have shown some examples of the kinds of strong predictions we can make with it."
But it's clearly a useful exercise in exploring what's possible. Nothing in what we've learned about evolution on Earth suggests it wouldn't work on any type of imperfectly replicating system, after all.
It can even be argued that this feature should form the very basis of how we identify life, meaning if we did discover biology elsewhere it would by definition bea "self-sustained chemical system capable of undergoing Darwinian evolution".
Thinking of it this way, the very concept of discrete alien species might be a red herring. On Earth, the boundaries between individual organisms and our biosphere are often hazy. Likewise, first contact might be less like a handshake with ET and more like dipping a finger into a planet-wide primordial soup.
"At each level of the organism there will be mechanisms in place to eliminate conflict, maintain cooperation, and keep the organism functioning," says Levin. "We can even offer some examples of what these mechanisms will be."
The research paper might not be revolutionary, but acts as a useful reminder of evolution as a defining quality of life. It serves as an interesting touchstone for what we could reasonably expect from biology that evolved on an exoplanet.
Perhaps we could even begin to create some kind of preliminary categories without setting foot on any of these far-flung worlds.
At the very least, it's added fuel for one of humanity's favourite pastimes – dreaming that we're not alone.
The footage, which has received more than 160,000 views, is supposedly leaked government footage, according to alien conspiracy theorists.
In the clip, the cross-hairs of the predator drone are seen soaring over a mountain range.
It appears to be tracking a small object in the distance in the desert-like landscape.
The mystery craft being tailed then disappears, but when the drone follows it, a bright light is seemingly fired directly at it from the unknown object.
YOUTUBE/UFO TODAY
MYSTERY: The drone started to scramble when the beam of light appeared It comes after an alien spacecraft was allegedly spotted in the skies over California.
The video then scrambles, suggesting the military craft has been destroyed.
YouTube channel UFO Today posted the clip amid claims a military source had explained the video seemed genuine.
He said: “Some ex-military people told me that this footage seems genuine drone footage.”
The YouTuber also claimed his "source" said the attack was the "tip of the iceberg" as "there seems to be an increase of UFO's interacting with military drones”.
YouTube
UFO LEAK? It is claimed this is genuine footage, but debunkers do not agree.
Some ex-military people told me that this footage seems genuine drone footage.
UFO Today
Viewers of the film had mixed views on its authenticity, with many thinking it was just a hoax.
One posted: "Is that real? Why would they allow this to be released if it was?”
Another added: “They’re finally here, this has to be proof.”
And a third commented: “So obviously edited.”
Lockheed released a video showing off its latest tests of the 30-kilowatt class ATHENA (Advanced Test High Energy Asset) laser weapons system at the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico from last month.
IT’S A GAS When a massive meteorite slammed into Earth 66 million years ago, it vaporized rocks, sending up enough climate-changing gases to spark mass extinction.
NASA
The asteroid collision that may have doomed the dinosaurs 66 million years ago really stank. A new analysis of gases released from vaporized rocks at the impact site in modern-day Mexico suggests that the smashup released up to three times more smelly, climate-cooling sulfur than previously believed.
The study reveals for the first time how much sulfur and carbon dioxide gas was ejected
The Chicxulub impact spewed about 325 billion tons of sulfur and 425 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the air, researchers report October 31 in Geophysical Research Letters.
This relatively modest release of CO₂ might have contributed to long-term planetary warming. But the massive cloud of sulfurous gas would have more immediately blocked out the sun, the researchers suggest, plunging the planet into a dark Narnia-style winter that was colder and longer than previously thought. That could help explain why so many of Earth’s plants and animals went extinct around this time, even those living nowhere near the impact crater (SN: 2/4/17, p. 16).
The new study suggests that the impact may have released around three times as much sulfur and much less carbon dioxide compared with previous estimates from 20 years ago. The new calculations incorporate a better understanding of the meteor’s angle of impact, the composition of the rocks and how much gas would make it high enough into the atmosphere to influence climate.
A study published in Geophysical Research Letters on October 17, 2017 says that a hole in the moon’s Marius Hills – a region with a set of volcanic domes – is a skylight of a large open lava tube that could be used to protect astronauts from hazardous conditions on the surface. It could be large enough, the researchers say, to house an underground lunar city.
No one has ever been on the moon longer than three days, largely because space suits alone can’t shield astronauts from its elements: extreme temperature variation, radiation, and meteorite impacts. Unlike Earth, the moon has no atmosphere or magnetic field to protects its inhabitants.
The safest place to seek shelter is the inside of an intact lava tube, according to the study.
Lava tubes are naturally-occurring channels that form when a lava flow develops a hard crust, which thickens and forms a roof above the still-flowing lava stream. Once the lava stops flowing, the tunnel sometimes drains, forming a hollow void. Lava tubes exist on Earth, but the ones on the moon are much larger.
The city of Philadelphia is shown inside a theoretical lunar lava tube.
The Marius Hills hole was first discovered by the Japanese SELenological and ENgineering Explorer (SELENE), and has been the subject of much research and speculation. The new study, the scientists say, confirms that the opening is a skylight of a large underground lava tube.
Junichi Haruyama is a senior researcher at JAXA, Japan’s space agency. Haruyama said in a statement:
It’s important to know where and how big lunar lava tubes are if we’re ever going to construct a lunar base.
For the study, the researchers analyzed data from the SELENE spacecraft, and consulted scientists from the GRAILmission, a NASA effort to collect high-quality data on the moon’s gravitational field.
The researchers say that, if the gravity results are correct, the lava tube near the Marius Hills is spacious enough to house one of the largest U.S. cities.
Bottom line: A large open lava tube in the moon’s Marius Hills region could protect astronauts from hazardous conditions on the lunar surface. It might someday be a good spot for a city on the moon.
The Yellowstone supervolcano’s last eruption wasn’t a single event, but 2 closely-spaced eruptions that put the brakes on a natural global-warming trend, says a study.
The gorgeous colors of Yellowstone National Park’s Grand Prismatic hot spring are among the park’s myriad hydrothermal features created by the fact that Yellowstone is a supervolcano – the largest type of volcano on Earth.
The Yellowstone supervolcano’s last catastrophic eruption, about 630,000 years ago, was not a single event, but two powerful and closely-spaced eruptions, according to a new study. The super-eruptions were powerful enough, the researchers say, to slow a natural global warming trend that eventually led the planet out of a major ice age.
For the study, presented at the Geological Society of American’s annual meeting in Seattle on October 25, 2017, a team of geologists from the University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB) analyzed two layers of volcanic ash discovered in seafloor sediments off the coast of Southern California. These layers of ash, sandwiched among sediments, bear the unique chemical fingerprint of Yellowstone’s most recent super eruption. and contain a remarkably detailed climate record of the violent events that formed the vast Yellowstone caldera – or cauldron-like crater – that we see today. UCSB geologist Jim Kennett said in a statement:
We discovered here that there are two ash-forming super eruptions 170 years apart, and each cooled the ocean by about three degrees Celsius.
By comparing the volcanic ash record with the climate record of single-celled marine animal fossils, it’s quite clear, Kennet said, that both of these eruptions caused separate volcanic winters, when ash and volcanic sulfur dioxide emissions reduce the amount of sunlight reaching Earth’s surface and cause temporary cooling. According to the study, the onset of the global cooling events was abrupt and coincided precisely with the timing of the supervolcanic eruptions.
These cooling events occurred at an especially sensitive time, Kennet said, when the global climate was warming out of an ice age and easily disrupted by such events. But, Kennet added, each time, the cooling lasted longer than it should have, according to simple climate models. He said:
We see planetary cooling of sufficient magnitude and duration that there had to be other feedbacks involved.
These feedbacks might include increased sunlight-reflecting sea ice and snow cover or a change in ocean circulation that would cool the planet for a longer time.
Bottom line: New research suggest that the Yellowstone supervolcano’s last eruption wasn’t a single event, but 2 closely-spaced eruptions that slowed a natural global-warming trend.
Second Scientist to analyse Nazca Alien mummies says they are REAL
Second Scientist to analyse Nazca Alien mummies says they are REAL
“At first sight, it looked like a normal body but looking closely at every body part we found could find several abnormalities. “For example, the head is bigger, it has wider eyes, a smaller nose, and it has no ears. It has fewer vertebrae that a common human…”
The alleged mummified remains discovered in Nazca Peru have created a massive debate among Alien believers, and researchers around the globe.
The scientific community was left awe-struck when UFO hunters and a group of researchers released a statement claiming they had come across the mummified remains of the mummified remains of several alien bodies at an undisclosed cave at Nazca, Peru.
Soon after the statement was made, the scientific community struck the claims and tagged the entire thing as a hoax, saying that the alleged mummies were in fact fabricated, and were never actually discovered.
These comments were made despite the fact that skeptical scientists never took a look at the mummies, nor did they analyze them thoroughly.
Nevertheless, as the scientific community stood up against the mummies, most people recognized they were probably a hoax, despite the fact that Mr. Jaime Maussan—a UFO researcher and journalist from Mexico—and his team provided evidence suggesting the mummified remains found in Peru were not ordinary human beings.
Now, months after the mummies were found and analyzed by independent laboratories around the globe, a second scientist has studied the bodies discovered in Peru and said that they are not a HOAX.
Dr. Jose Benitez, a doctor of forensic medicine, and member of the team studying the alleged mummified remains has made shocking claims about the mysterious remains discovered in Peru.
ALIENS LATEST: New DNA results on Nazca Tomb 'mummified aliens' say they are 'not human'
Benitez is the SECOND scientists to put his reputation at stake by saying that the mummified remains could in fact be aliens or a least a new species we haven’t encountered before on Earth.
The first scientists to make the same claims was Dr. Edson Vivancoa, a skeletal specialist, who concluded after studying the remains, they were not human.
However, DNA results suggest otherwise.
In fact, one set of DNA results found that the mummified remains were 100 percent Human, while other sets of DNA results showed inconclusive results.
Hence the confusion.
Both Dr. Vivancoa and Dr. Benitez are part of the group of researchers led by Mexican Investigative Journalist and UFOlogist Mr. Maussan.
Dr. Benitez has analyzed previous discoveries together with MR. Maussan. In 2015, they examined the images of what some have suggested may be a non-human body, which later turned out to be a mummified child.
Dr. Benitez was recently interviewed by British ufologist Steve Meera, who traveled to Peru to investigate the claims.
“I found a lot of characteristics that make this body entirely different.
“At first sight, it looked like a normal body but looking closely at every body part we found could find several abnormalities. “For example, the head is bigger, it has wider eyes, a smaller nose, and it has no ears. It has fewer vertebrae that a common human,” said, Dr. Benitez
“The bone structure is different; it’s wider. There are only three fingers and three toes. These are the most notable distinctions we could find. There are a few more such as the number of finger joints and the nail beds,” added Dr. Benitez.
“The white dust that covers the mummified remains is a special material known as diatom soil. “This soil has a unique origin with extraordinary characteristics. It dries, dehydrates and preserves tissue and also has the unusual characteristic of being an insect repellent, deterring insects.
“For example, the head is more prominent. It has wider eyes, a smaller nose, has no ears. It has fewer vertebrae that an ordinary human.
“Helping the dehydration process and encouraging the natural mummification process.”
All of these conclusions made by Dr. Benitez, and presented in a documentary produced by Steve Meera suggest that the mummified remains found in Peru are anything but human.
“It is essential; we are faced with the try possibility of discovering an organic being very similar to humans but different at the same time. We need to take a step forward to determine what it is and where it has come from,” concluded Dr. Benitez.
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Antediluvian monument? Scientific study says the Sphinx may be up to 800,000 years old
Antediluvian monument? Scientific study says the Sphinx may be up to 800,000 years old
“…it is the sea level during the Calabrian phase which is the closest to the present mark with the highest GES (Great Egyptian Sphinx) hollow at its level. High level of sea water also caused the Nile overflowing and created long-living water-bodies. As to time, it corresponds to 800000 years.
Great, mysterious, almost mystical, shrouded in mystery, millennial, how else would you describe this amazing ancient monument?
It is probably one of the most recognized monuments in the world, one of the icons representative of the power and culture of the ancient Egyptian civilization, cradle, and tomb of pharaohs.
It is ironic then, that the Great Sphinx of Giza is also one of the least understood architectural wonders of ancient Egypt, even though researchers from around the globe have tried to understand when the Sphinx was carved, how, why and what it represents.
An artists illustration of the Great Sphinx before it was completely excavated.
But the most mysterious part of the Sphinx is probably its age. Egyptologists estimate that it was sculpted around the XXVI century BC., as part of the funerary complex.
Having a lion’s body and a human head, this strange hybrid being, which we know with the term of the Sphinx, is one of the most striking productions of Egyptian art.
The ancient Egyptians called it Shesep-ankh, “living image,” the name given to the royal statues.
They symbolized the idea of strength and power, and the Pharaoh was generally represented in this form.
This is indicated by the fact that the sphinxes wore nemes— the striped headcloth worn by pharaohs in ancient Egypt.
This ancient monument faces from West to East and stands on the Giza Plateau on the west bank of the Nile in Giza, Egypt.
The face of the Sphinx is commonly assumed to represent the Pharaoh Khafre.
The Great Sphinx was created by carving a mound of limestone located on the Giza plateau.
It has a height of about twenty meters and the fact of the creatures measures around five meters. In ancient times it was painted in bright colors: red body and face, and the nemes that covered the head were decorated with yellow and blue stripes.
A man standing on the shoulder of the Great Sphinx. The image was taken in the 1900’s. Notice the size of the monument.
Titled “GEOLOGICAL ASPECT OF THE PROBLEM OF DATING THE GREAT EGYPTIAN SPHINX CONSTRUCTION” a study presented in 2008 offers controversial details about the Great Sphinx of Giza, and particularly its age.
As noted by Vjacheslav I. Manichev and Alexander G. Parkhomenko in their study, after all these years of intensive scientific work trying to determine the exact age of the Sphinx, we still have problems coming to an agreement.
“The problem of dating the Great Egyptian Sphinx is still valid, despite the long-term history of its research. A geological approach in connection to other scientific-natural methods allows answering the question about the relative age of the Sphinx. The conducted visual research of the Sphinx allowed the conclusion about the important role of water from large water bodies which partially flooded the structure with formation of wave-cut hollows on its vertical walls,” wrote experts in the study.
“The morphology of these formations has an analogy with similar hollows formed by the sea in the coastal zones. The genetic similarity of the compared erosion forms and the geological formation and petrographic composition of sedimentary rock complexes lead to a conclusion that the decisive factor of destruction of the Great Sphinx is the wave energy rather than sand abrasion in Eolian process.”
“Voluminous geological literature confirms the fact of existence of long-living fresh-water lakes in various periods of the Quaternary from the Lower Pleistocene to the Holocene.”
“These lakes were distributed in the territories adjacent to the Nile. The absolute mark of the large upper erosion hollow of the Sphinx corresponds to the level of water surface which took place in the Early Pleistocene.”
“The Great Egyptian Sphinxwas already present on the Giza Plateau by that geological (historical) time,” concluded experts.
Manichev and Parkhomenko are convinced that the Great Sphinx had to hae been submerged for a long time underwater and, to support this theory, they point towards existing literature of geological studies of the Giza Plateau.
According to a number of studies, it was at the end of the Pliocene geologic period (sometime between 5.2 and 1.6 million years ago) that sea water entered the Nile valley and gradually created flooding in the area.
This phenomenon led to the formation of lacustrine deposits which are at the mark of 180 m above the present level of the Mediterranean Sea.
According to Manichev and Parkhomenko, it is the sea level during the Calabrian phase which is the closest to the present mark with the highest GES (Great Egyptian Sphinx) hollow at its level.
High level of sea water also caused the Nile overflowing and created long-living water-bodies. As to time, it corresponds to 800000 years.
Scientists have just found THOUSANDS of new lifeforms that redraw the Tree of Life
Scientists have just found THOUSANDS of new lifeforms that redraw the Tree of Life
A stunning discovery has just been made by scientists who have found ‘organisms that are different from any other life forms on Earth known to science’.
While humans are the dominant species on Earth, if we take a look at the tree of life, we will notice that we share this branch with a number of different creatures on Earth, who all have one thing in common, a backbone.
This small—yet extremely important feature—is enough to place humans in a group referred to as ‘phylum’ together with dogs, fish, and lizards. This is something we see repeated across Earth’s organisms, and essentially connects all of life’s diversities into one.
A phylogenetic tree of life. Note how small the phylum Animalia — where humans fit in — is compared to bacteria and archaea.
(Image Credit: Adl, Sina M.; Simpson, Alastair G. B.; et al.)
Their study, published in the Journal Nature Microbiology, experts revealed a new technique referred to as metagenomics, which essentially involves the sequencing of ALL the DNA in a sample of an environment — dirt, water, feces, etc. — to produce that sample’s metagenome.
With aid of an international massive database composed of 1,500 metagenomes, scientists were able to reconstruct the individual genomes of 7,280 new bacteria and 623 new archaea.
A fertile hunting ground for new species
Then, scientists came across something totally unexpected. The discovered that out of all these microorganisms, around a third were UNLIKE anything experts had seen before, resulting in the creation of 17 completely new bacterial phylums and three new achaeal phylums.
“The real value of these genomes is that many are evolutionarily distinct from previously recovered genomes,” asserts lead researcher Gene Tyson. “They increase the evolutionary diversity spanned by both bacterial and archaeal genome trees by over 30 percent, and are the first representatives within 17 bacterial and three archaeal phyla.”
“To give this context, every single insect on Earth belongs to just one phylum, and every single animal with a backbone belongs to one phylum, so this is crazy new levels of stuff,” says Nicholas Coleman at the University of Sydney.
“But this is probably an underestimate, as we’ve recently found that existing methods for estimating this actually miss a lot of organisms,” says Donovan Parks at the University of Queensland in Australia.
Meet NGTS-1b, a monstrous planet that ‘should not exist’
Meet NGTS-1b, a monstrous planet that ‘should not exist’
A giant planet, so disproportionate that it should not exist according to the theory of planet formation, has been discovered around a small distant star.
The new research detailing its discovery was presented for publishing in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
The existence of the monster planet, NGTS-1b, defies the theories of planetary formation that affirm that a planet of this size could not be formed around such a small star.
According to these theories, small stars can easily form rocky planets but do not accumulate enough material to produce planets the size of Jupiter.
However, NGTS-1b is a gas giant; Due to its size and temperature, the planet is known as a “hot Jupiter,” a class of planets that are at least as large as our own Jupiter, but with about 20 percent less mass. H
However, unlike Jupiter, NGTS-1b is very close to its star, barely 3% of the distance between Earth and the Sun, and completes one orbit every 2.6 days, which means that one year in NGTS -1b lasts two and a half years in Earth’s days.
In contrast, the host star is small, with a radius and a mass half that of our sun.
Professor Peter Wheatley, of the University of Warwick, detailed in a statement the complications that this introduced to astronomy:
“Despite being a monster planet, NGTS-1b was difficult to find because its parent star is small and faint “. He went on to explain that “small stars are actually the most common in the universe, so it is possible that there are many of these giant planets waiting to found.”
NGTS-1b is the first planet to be detected by The Next-Generation Transit Survey (or “NGTS”) that uses a series of 12 telescopes to explore the sky.
The researchers made the discovery by continuously monitoring patches of the night sky for months, and detecting the red light of the star with innovative red-sensitive cameras.
They noticed dips in the light of the star every 2.6 days, which implies that a planet was in orbit and periodically blocked the light from the star.
Using this data, they tracked the planet’s orbit and calculated the size, position, and mass by measuring the radial velocity of the star.
In fact, this method, which measures how much the stars wobble due to the gravitational pull of the planet, was the best way to measure the size of NGTS-1b.
Daniel Bayliss, lead author of the study, from the University of Warwick, said:
“The discovery of NGTS-1b was a complete surprise to us – such massive planets were not thought to exist around such small stars. This is the first exoplanet we have found with our new NGTS facility, and we are already challenging the received wisdom of how planets form.
“Our challenge is to now find out how common these types of planets are in the Galaxy, and with the new NGTS facility we are well-placed to do just that.”
This may not be as big as the news that scientists at CERN believe the universe should not exist, but it may be easier to prove. Astronomers using a new array of telescopes in Chile have discovered a monster planet which challenges the previously-held theory that huge gaseous planets cannot exist in tight orbits around tiny stars. Now they’re scrambling to explain this big-planet-little star combo. (Insert “Aliens!” here.)
The latest Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Societyannounced the exciting discovery this week – exciting because this is the first big finding using the Next-Generation Transit Survey (NGTS) whose purpose is to find giant exoplanets orbiting small stars. Baseball fans will recognize this as an example of a rookie hitting a grand slam home run in his first major league at-bat. (This is what happens when big discoveries occur during the World Series.) Its array of fully-robotic small telescopes operate in the 600-900nm band, making them sensitive to bright but relatively small, cool host stars … stars like the aptly named NGTS-1 in the Columba constellation.
The Columba constellation
The shocking aspect of the discovery is the size, composition and location of NGTS-1b – the ‘hot Jupiter’ spinning around NGTS-1. Hot Jupiters have been in the astronomical news recently with the discovery of WASP-12b, a dark giant gas ball that is mysteriously eating the light from its star. If Elon Musk tells you he has no more seats left on his Mars spacecraft but can get you on a trip to a Hot Jupiter – just say “no.”
“The discovery of NGTS-1b was a complete surprise to us — such massive planets were not thought to exist around such small stars. The planet is about 25 percent the radius its host star. This makes is very large compared to its host star! For comparison, Jupiter is only about 10 percent the radius of our sun.”
Daniel Bayliss, lead author of the study, illustrates one of the impossibilities of NGTS-1b – its size. Dwarf stars were not thought to have enough mass of their own to pull together the amount of mass needed to create such monster planets. Impossibility #2 is its incredible closeness to NGTS-1 … NGTS-1b is a mere 2.8 million miles away from its star (Earth is 93 million miles from the Sun) and completes a ‘yearly’ orbit in 62.4 hours or 2.6 Earth days.
NGTS-1b’s size and proximity to its star contributed greatly to its discovery. Astronomers observing NGTS-1 saw it dim every 2.6 days but, unlike Tabby’s star, they quickly determined it was a monster planet and not an alien-built energy-collecting Dyson sphere causing the dimming.
Artist’s depiction of a red dwarf and its planets
If there’s an astronomer’s creed, it is that “If there’s one, there’s more,” so the researchers at the European Southern Observatory’s Paranal Observatory in the Atacama Desert of Chile will be using the Next-Generation Transit Survey to find more giant hot Jupiters orbiting tiny cool planets.
If there’s an astronomer’s creed, it may have to be modified to require astronomers discovering monster gas ball planets to yell “Hot Jupiter!”
Of all the many and varied encounters with the Men in Blackthat I have on record, there is no doubt that one of the creepiest is that of an Englishman, Nev Jacques. Nev told me, just a couple of years ago, that while he and his wife were vacationing in the Canary Islands in 2012 they had a very strange encounter with a mysterious MIB. Nev began as follows:
“Hi Nick, I listened to your show on Coast to Coast, re Men in black recently, the header photo for that gave me some relief! Let me explain. I was on holiday with my wife in Fuerteventura, in the Canaries, November-December 2012. We were walking back to our hotel on a very long promenade walk. It was close to 4 p.m. There were other people milling about. It’s kind of high up on a volcanic rock face, directly at the seas edge and a wide open area.”
Up until that point, everything had been completely normal. That normality, however, was destined to change radically and drastically, as Nev revealed to me: “We noticed about 100 meters in front of us a tall, thin man, at least 6 foot 2 with a big rimmed black hat, round feature hugging black sixties type sunglasses, a long sleeved shirt and a light-colored jumper over his shoulders and long trousers! What made it more strange was his face looked white, as if it was plastered in sun block, (whiter than white). We both laughed and watched him walk towards us. I got the feeling he was watching me, although I couldn’t see his eyes. As he drew closer it became apparent that it wasn’t sun block it was his skin! He had big hands and long fingers, also very white; kind of in front of him, not by his sides!”
There was far more to come. All of it was very weird, which is hardly surprising: just about everything concerning the Men in Black is weird. Back to Nev: “When we where about 5 feet from him I noticed his skin was almost translucent. That’s the only way I can describe it. His sunglasses covered all of his eye area and wrapped around the full socket area. They were round and black. He had a narrow, sunken face, and had a very angular jaw and prominent cheek bones. He looked in his sixties or so.”
Things got stranger…
“When he was passing us he turned his head looking at me and spoke, with a kind of acknowledging manner and said something that I and my wife couldn’t understand or describe as human language. It was high and low pitched all at the same time and very short, that’s the best way to describe it! Strangely, we didn’t look back to see where he went or take a photo. Both of us don’t know why we didn’t. I got the feeling he was watching me from me first noticing him.”
The brief experience was over, but Nev was unable to shake off the spine-tingling effects of that eerie encounter, as he told me: “We got back to the hotel and I could stop thinking and talking about the encounter with my wife. I kept telling her he wasn’t from here, his clothes weren’t right. In fact, he was totally alien in appearance to anyone I have ever seen in my life. I went to bed that night and didn’t sleep much. Every time I tried to go to sleep all I could see was him and I thought about the encounter for the rest of the holiday.”
Nev concluded: “I searched the Internet for all types of albinos that I could find for months after, but couldn’t find a match for him. Then, I found your interview on Coast to Coast and, bingo, the artist’s impression of the Man in Black was him, only without the hat and glasses. It still freaks me out to this day, Nick, We can still not explain it! Kind Regards, Nev Jacques, UK.”
Ceres may have once had a global ocean - and part of it could still remain, NASA has revealed.
The dwarf planet, best known for its strange 'alien spots', is seen as being a record of the early solar system.
Now, the Dawn mission has found minerals containing water are widespread on its surface.
Scroll down for video
This animation shows Ceres as seen by NASA's Dawn spacecraft from its high-altitude mapping orbit at 913 miles (1,470 kilometers) above the surface. The colorful map overlaid at right shows variations in Ceres' gravity field measured by Dawn, and gives scientists hints about the dwarf planet's internal structure. Red colors indicate more positive values, corresponding to a stronger gravitational pull than expected, compared to scientists' pre-Dawn model of Ceres' internal structure; blue colors indicate more negative values, corresponding to a weaker gravitational pull
WORLD OF CERES
Ceres is 590 miles (950 km) across and was discovered in 1801.
It is the closest dwarf planet to the sun and is located in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, making it the only dwarf planet in the inner solar system.
Ceres is the smallest of the bodies currently classified as a 'dwarf planet'.
It lies less than three times as far as Earth from the sun - close enough to feel the warmth of the star, allowing ice to melt and reform.
Nasa's Dawn spacecraft made its way to Ceres after leaving the asteroid Vesta in 2012.
There is high interest in the mission because Ceres is seen as being a record of the early solar system.
'More and more, we are learning that Ceres is a complex, dynamic world that may have hosted a lot of liquid water in the past, and may still have some underground,' said Julie Castillo-Rogez, Dawn project scientist and co-author of the studies, based at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California.
The Dawn team found that Ceres' crust is a mixture of ice, salts and hydrated materials that were subjected to past and possibly recent geologic activity, and that this crust represents most of that ancient ocean.
Landing on Ceres to investigate its interior would be technically challenging and would risk contaminating the dwarf planet.
Instead, scientists use Dawn's observations in orbit to measure Ceres' gravity, in order to estimate its composition and interior structure.
Led by Anton Ermakov, a postdoctoral researcher at JPL, the first study used shape and gravity data measurements from the Dawn mission to determine the internal structure and composition of Ceres.
The measurements came from observing the spacecraft's motions with NASA's Deep Space Network to track small changes in the spacecraft's orbit. This study is published in the Journal of Geophysical Research.
Ermakov and his colleagues' research supports the possibility that Ceres is geologically active -- if not now, then it may have been in the recent past.
Three craters -- Occator, Kerwan and Yalode -- and Ceres' solitary tall mountain, Ahuna Mons, are all associated with 'gravity anomalies.'
This means discrepancies between the scientists' models of Ceres' gravity and what Dawn observed in these four locations can be associated with subsurface structures.
'Ceres has an abundance of gravity anomalies associated with outstanding geologic features,' Ermakov said.
In the cases of Ahuna Mons and Occator, the anomalies can be used to better understand the origin of these features, which are believed to be different expressions of cryovolcanism.
The study found the crust's density to be relatively low, closer to that of ice than rocks.
The second study builds off the first and suggests there is a softer, easily deformable layer beneath Ceres' rigid surface crust, which could be the signature of residual liquid left over from the ocean, too.
However, a study by Dawn guest investigator Michael Bland of the U.S. Geological Survey indicated that ice is too soft to be the dominant component of Ceres' strong crust.
The second study, led by Roger Fu at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, investigated the strength and composition of Ceres' crust and deeper interior by studying the dwarf planet's topography.
The map overlaid at right gives scientists hints about Ceres' internal structure from gravity measurements. Led by Anton Ermakov, a postdoctoral researcher at JPL, the study used shape and gravity data measurements from the Dawn mission to determine the internal structure and composition of Ceres
This study is published in the journal Earth and Planetary Science Letters
By studying how topography evolves on a planetary body, scientists can understand the composition of its interior.
A strong, rock-dominated crust can remain unchanged over the 4.5-billion-year-old age of the solar system, while a weak crust rich in ices and salts would deform over that time.
By modeling how Ceres' crust flows, Fu and colleagues found it is likely a mixture of ice, salts, rock and an additional component believed to be clathrate hydrate.
A clathrate hydrate is a cage of water molecules surrounding a gas molecule. This structure is 100 to 1,000 times stronger than water ice, despite having nearly the same density.
The researchers believe Ceres once had more pronounced surface features, but they have smoothed out over time.
This type of flattening of mountains and valleys requires a high-strength crust resting on a more deformable layer, which Fu and colleagues interpret to contain a little bit of liquid.
The team thinks most of Ceres' ancient ocean is now frozen and bound up in the crust, remaining in the form of ice, clathrate hydrates and salts.
It has mostly been that way for more than 4 billion years.
But if there is residual liquid underneath, that ocean is not yet entirely frozen.
This is consistent with several thermal evolution models of Ceres published prior to Dawn's arrival there, supporting the idea that Ceres' deeper interior contains liquid left over from its ancient ocean.
Using evolutionary theory, Oxford experts say aliens may actually look like humansiStock
Sci-fi fans may think aliens from outer space would resemble little green men or large monstrous creatures – but new research suggests they may be more like us than we realise.
For the first time, experts are using Darwin's evolutionary theory to make predictions about extra-terrestrial life, hoping to glean new insights and patterns about its potential behaviour.
A new study, published this week (31 October) in the international journal of astrobiology, sees University of Oxford scientists suggest aliens would likely be shaped by the same processes and mechanisms that have changed humans over time.
"A fundamental task for astrobiologists, those who study life in the cosmos, is thinking about what extra-terrestrial life might be like," said Sam Levin, a researcher in Oxford's Department of Zoology.
"But making predictions about aliens is hard. We only have one example of life – life on Earth – to extrapolate from.
"Past approaches in the field of astrobiology have been largely mechanistic, taking what we see on Earth, and what we know about chemistry, geology, and physics to make predictions about aliens."
But his new paper takes a different approach, instead using evolutionary theory to make predictions independent of Earth's parameters.
"This is a useful approach, because theoretical predictions will apply to aliens that are silicon based, do not have DNA and breathe nitrogen, for example," he said, adding that the new Oxford model could also be used to judge how "complexity" would arise in space.
On Earth, species' complexity increases thanks to major transitions, which occur when a group of separate organisms evolve into a higher-level organism. For these transitions to occur, scientists believe "extreme conditions" are typically needed.
The experts said they don't yey know if aliens – if they exist, of course – would walk on two legs of have large, oversized, eye sockets as depicted in some Hollywood movies. But they noted that evolutionary theory has offered a unique tool to glean greater understanding.
"By predicting that aliens undergone major transitions we can say that there is a level of predictability to evolution that would cause them to look like us," Levin continued.
"Like humans, we predict that they are made-up of a hierarchy of entities, which all cooperate to produce an alien. At each level of the organism there will be mechanisms in place to eliminate conflict, maintain cooperation, and keep the organism functioning.
"There are potentially hundreds of thousands of habitable planets in our galaxy alone.
"We can't say whether or not we're alone on Earth, but we have taken a small step forward in answering, if we're not alone, what our neighbours are like."
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 73 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
