The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
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Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
20-11-2017
Reflectie op ruimtehelm onthult ‘toneelknecht’. Bewijst deze Apollo-foto dat de maanlanding nep was?
Reflectie op ruimtehelm onthult ‘toneelknecht’. Bewijst deze Apollo-foto dat de maanlanding nep was?
Uit een foto blijkt dat de zesde en laatste maanlanding mogelijk nooit heeft plaatsgevonden. Op de foto lijkt namelijk een figuur op het maanoppervlak te zien te zijn die geen ruimtepak draagt, schrijft de Daily Mail.
In een filmpje, dat door YouTube-gebruiker Streetcap1 is gepubliceerd, wordt de foto nader geanalyseerd.
Op de ruimtehelm van een astronaut van Apollo 17, die in december 1972 op de maan landde, zou de reflectie van een ‘toneelknecht’ te zien zijn.
Recordhoeveelheid
Tijdens de missie verbleven Eugene Cernan en Harrison Schmitt 22 uur bij de maankrater Littrow in het Taurusgebergte, terwijl collega Ronald Evans in de ruimte bleef.
De NASA wilde het maximale wetenschappelijke resultaat uit dit laatste bezoek aan de maan halen en er werd dan ook een recordhoeveelheid aan maansteen mee teruggenomen.
Ook de duur van de maanwandelingen was langer dan bij ieder van de voorgaande missies.
Discussie
Of is het allemaal niet gebeurd? “Ik vond het er nogal vreemd uitzien, dus ik maakte een foto van de helm met behulp van mijn software,” zei Streetcap1.
“Het gaat hier mogelijk om een persoon die geen ruimtepak draagt,” voegde hij toe. “Er was in 2009 al discussie over de echtheid van deze foto’s.”
Lang haar
De figuur heeft volgens hem ‘lang haar’ en draagt een soort ‘vest’. “Zijn we naar de maan geweest? Waar is het ruimtepak van deze gast?”
Bekijk het filmpje, dat op het moment van schrijven zo’n 200.000 keer is bekeken, hieronder:
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:News from the FRIENDS of facebook ( ENG )
Glowing Sphere appears out of nowhere flying towards huge glowing Sphere over Manitoba, Canada
Glowing Sphere appears out of nowhere flying towards huge glowing Sphere over Manitoba, Canada
A huge sphere in the sky accompanied by a second smaller sphere has been captured on video by dwayne hegelheimer over Manitoba, Canada on November 19, 2017.
While filming the two spheres the smaller ball of light suddenly vanishes but after a while it returns again out of nowhere flying towards the bigger ball of light which seems to hang motionless in the sky.
It remains unclear what these spheres may have been.
The moment the smaller sphere appears again flying towards the huge sphere can be seen from the 2.05 mark in the video.
Les futurs télescopes spatiaux qui nous rapprocheront des étoiles : TESS (août 2017), James Webb (octobre 2018, 100 x Hubble), WFIRST (mid 2020s) et surtout ATLAST (Advanced Technology Large-Aperture Space Telescope, "enfin", en anglais ; 2000 x Hubble ; 2025-2035). Pour ce dernier on note la taille de son miroir primaire comparée à celui de Hubble et de JW. Il sera stationné au Point de Lagrange L2 entre Terre et Soleil et devrait, entre autres missions, détecter la présence de vie sur des exoplanètes lointaines. Sacrée panoplie ! Si seulement nous avions eu ça en 1947 !
This artist's impression shows Oumuamua, an interstellar asteroid
ESO/M. Kornmesser
Our solar system recently had a very strange visitor. For the first time ever, scientists last month spotted an interstellar object invading our part of space. Astronomers have revealed more details about the now-confirmed interstellar interloper and it's just plain weird.
The Pan-Starrs 1 telescope in Hawaii first spotted the object on Oct. 19 when it was already heading back to interstellar space. Astronomers rushed to make observations. An artist's impression shows a very elongated shape, different from any known asteroids. Scientists estimate it's about 1,300 feet (400 meters) in length.
"For decades we've theorized that such interstellar objects are out there, and now -- for the first time -- we have direct evidence they exist," NASA's Thomas Zurbuchen said Monday in a news release. By studying space objects like this one, researchers hope to find clues to the formation of other solar systems.
Originally named A/2017 U1, it now has the official moniker "Oumuamua," which refers to its distant origin as a messenger from the past.
"Oumuamua may well have been wandering through the Milky Way, unattached to any star system, for hundreds of millions of years before its chance encounter with the Solar System," says the European Southern Observatory, which used its Very Large Telescope in Chile to observe the object.
The Gemini Observatory, a collaboration between telescopes in Hawaii and Chile, also got in on the action, resulting in a color composite image of Oumuamua.
University of Hawaii astronomer Karen Meech says the rapidly rotating asteroid has a "complex, convoluted shape," is dark red in color and is "completely inert, without the faintest hint of dust around it."
The International Astronomical Union, which is responsible for cataloging the names of space objects, also gave the asteroid its very first "I" for "interstellar" designation, which shifts its formal name from A/2017 U1 (with the "A" standing for "asteroid") to "1I/2017 U1."
Scientists expect our solar system regularly receives interstellar visitors like this one, but they are faint and extremely hard to find. That makes Oumuamua all the more special.
Update, Nov. 20 at 11:05 a.m. PT: This story has been updated to include a quote from NASA.
Scientists have sent a message to a star system 70 trillion miles away, inviting any alien civilization living there to swipe right and send us a message back. Some people (basically anyone who’s seen Independence Day) are concerned that such a transmission may trigger an unpredictable response instead.
The project is known as METI (Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence) and it actively seeks to send greetings to any alien civilizations out there, as opposed to SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) which passively looks for signs of life beyond our solar system. It’s a controversial program, to say the least. Physicist Stephen Hawking, one of its most vociferous opponents, has famously warned against such an endeavor: “If aliens visit us, the outcome would be much as when Columbus landed in America, which didn’t turn out well for the Native Americans.”
In an interview with Newsweek, the president of METI, Douglas Vakoch, tried to assuage the concerns raised about the program. “Any civilization that could travel to Earth to do us harm could already pick up our leakage television and radio signals,” he said. “So there’s no increased risk of alerting them of our existence.”
Dan Werthimer, a SETI researcher at Berkeley, told New Scientist: “It’s like shouting in a forest before you know if there are tigers, lions, and bears or other dangerous animals there.”
The system that’s the target of the message is a red dwarf designated GJ273, also known as Luyten’s Star in the Canis Minor constellation, with an exoplanet GJ273b that could possibly support life. It’s 12.4 light years away, and in the message researchers said they’d be looking for a response 25 years in the future.
Then there’s the question of exactly how we communicate with aliens. The Voyager missions famously carried a golden record that was filled with the sounds of Earth, as well as an interstellar map that might lead aliens back to our planet.
“Extraterrestrials won’t speak English or Spanish or Swahili,” said Vakoch. “Our message is written in the language of math and science. Over the centuries, scientists and mathematicians have repeatedly taken a vote on the most essential concepts needed to explain the nature of the universe.”
The message was beamed three times to the system, on October 16, 17, and 18. Each transmission took 11 minutes. The invite also includes a cosmic clock, indicating how much time has passed between transmissions. It’s hoped that the aliens can decipher the message and send back a reply. Another message is planned to the same star, which will include the date we’re expecting a reply.
So, set your calendars for June 21, 2043. It could be a big day for humanity.
In the summer of 1957, the Earth stood witness as a meteorite cratered in rural Pennsylvania, bringing with it a people-eating plague never seen: an alien amoeba with the taste for human flesh. While we had Steve McQueen around for the first invasion, humanity is now defended against microbial marauders from outer space by NASA and its international counterparts.
Biological contamination goes both ways, mind you. Just as important as keeping extraterrestrial organisms from reaching the surface (aka "backward contamination") is ensuring that our planetary probes carry as few microbial hitchhikers from Earth as possible ("forward contamination"). To that end, in 1958, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (NAS) issued a decree urging "that scientists plan lunar and planetary studies with great care and deep concern so that initial operations do not compromise and make impossible forever after critical scientific experiments."
The following year, the newly formed Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) argued "that all practical steps should be taken to ensure that Mars be not biologically contaminated" until an exhaustive search for life on the planet had been undertaken. These recommendations became law in 1967 when the US, the USSR and the UK all signed onto the United Nations Outer Space Treaty.
"Part of our thinking about planetary protection is that we want to make sure that we safeguard to any future human exploration," Dr. Lucianne Walkowicz, an astronomer at Adler Planetarium and the Astrobiology Chair at the Library of Congress, told Engadget. "When we bring spacecraft to other worlds (or eventually human beings), we want to make sure that we understand that environment. That means being relatively cautious about contaminating it."
However, not every extraterrestrial target of human interest requires the same degree of caution. Places like the Sun or Mercury, which are almost assuredly devoid of biological organisms, don't require the same level of protection as, say, Mars or the Moon, which are just heavily irradiated and desperately cold. In fact, COSPAR has developed a 5-category systemwhich space agencies must abide by when they're developing their planetary probes:
Category Icovers places with little chance of finding even basic forms of life, like Mercury.
Category IIincludes places that might be explored for the origins of life but where the chances of contamination by Earthly microbes is remote. Think Venus or the Moon.
Category III regulates flyby and orbiter missions where the chances of contamination are moderate, like Mars or Europa. This is why Cassini was thrown into Saturn: we couldn't have it falling into Enceladus or Titan.
Category IV regulates lander or probe missions to the same places as category III, though it is further divided into a series of subclasses based on specific regions of the planet's surface and what the lander is actually looking for.
Category Vis what happens if there's a good chance we'll pick up a Blob in space. It demands "absolute prohibition of destructive impact upon return, containment of all returned hardware which directly contacted the target body, and containment of any unsterilized sample returned to Earth."
"I think they're good for us as a working framework," Walkowicz said. "They certainly have served us well in the history of exploration and our solar system thus far."
It's extremely important that space agencies understand the categorical protection requirements of their mission, explains Dr. John Rummel, Senior Scientist at the SETI Institute and former NASA Planetary Protection Officer. "If you tell someone at the last minute they going to do something they had never been planning on, well, they may have to re-engineer entire spacecraft," he told Engadget. "If, on the other hand, they anticipate these requirements from the beginning... then it's not that big of a deal."
This planetary protection scheme is designed to minimize the damage from both forward and backward contamination. "We really want to safeguard our own planet's biosphere we have all these wonderful living things here," Walkowicz said. "We want to make sure that we can explore and bring back the samples and use the benefits of our Earthly labs without endangering the world."
Dr. Rummel, however, is not particularly concerned. "In my opinion, there is a reasonable possibility that nothing we could do with a sample return done robotically would bring back anything that's alive," he said.
Rummel argues that any microorganisms hitching a ride from Mars aboard a material sample would be woefully ill-equipped to handle the rigors of interplanetary flight. "We don't know what those organisms require so the chance that we get lucky and bring them back alive is small."
That said, Rummel acknowledges the value in assuming the worst. "The National Research Council and Space Studies Board have always maintained that we will contain [returned samples] as if they're the most hazardous thing on Earth until we prove that it's safe," he continued. "There's no upside in cutting corners."
First utilized for the Viking missions, "it's a very handy technology," Walkowicz explained. "It's very effective on surfaces, but also between surfaces or even within materials, which is why it has widespread adoption."
There are limitations to this method, however. It cannot sterilize an entire spacecraft, for example, as everything from electronic components to structural adhesives and landing parachutes would be destroyed by the heat. As such, NASA has been researching alternative methods to augment the DHMR process, many of which hail from existing medical technologies.
Of particular interest for Mars exploration is supercritical carbon dioxide cleaning. Carbon dioxide is held under extremely low temperature and at extremely high pressure so it exhibits qualities of both a gas and a liquid. When mixed with peracetic acid (PAA), it can be used to sterilize materials. What's more, Walkowicz said, given the planet's high CO2 content "maybe there would be a way to develop technology that could use Mars's atmosphere in some way to create a local bioburden reducing technology... and do that in situ."
NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab is also developing a technique dubbed vapor phase hydrogen peroxide (VHP) sterilization, which is generated from a solution of liquid H2O2 and water. When concentrated between 140 ppm and 1400 ppm, it acts as an antimicrobial agent. However, "the limitation there is that it's never been used at a systemic level -- like the whole spacecraft level -- so you could do it on smaller components but not necessarily the entire craft," Walkowicz said. There's also the danger of it becoming too concentrated. If VHP levels reach 75 ppm, it becomes toxic to humans.
There is also work being done with ethylene oxide as a sterilizer, though Walkowicz points out that ethylene oxide is "kind of explosive." Ionizing radiation techniques are also being explored. The parachute for the Beagle 2 mission, for example, could not withstand DHMR, so NASA scientists subjected it to radioactive sterilization instead. Beyond that, the NASA Mars Exploration Program has examined leveraging electron beam sterilization, which is already utilized in food processing, as a means of cleaning spacecraft.
Of course, there is also the chance that we're overthinking this whole issue, at least as it applies to Mars exploration. Rummel hypothesizes that there was a natural interchange of biology between Mars and Earth some 4 billion years ago that potentially renders our efforts moot:
Imagine that life originated on Mars. Life was knocked off of Mars by a large impact event which made Mars rocks eventually come to Earth. The Earth, without any life, is seeded by Mars rocks and then all of a sudden you have all these Mars organisms living on the Earth... the natural response of Earth and Mars together would be the evolution of animals, plants and whatnot. So we could all be Martians and that is as bad as it gets, I think.
Whether we need the protection or not, there are a number of ways that future interplanetary explorers might avoid the biological pitfalls of Mars. "We tend to think of it as being robotic exploration or human exploration," Walkowicz said. "In reality we see humans and robots cooperate all the time in exploration on Earth" such as the Fukushima power plant cleanup or subsea exploration in Antarctica.
"We often send robotic probes and I think that that's something that we're likely to see in some of those early explorations of Mars that involves a human component," she continued. Essentially, astronauts would either remain in orbit or sequestered in a planet-side bunker and remotely control robotic rovers who would do the legwork on our behalf. "The other possibility is, instead of worrying about cleaning your spacecraft off afterwards, you construct it as cleanly as you possibly can" from the start.
In the end, Walkowicz argues, planetary protection requirements should not be viewed as a hindrance to space exploration, but rather, an asset. "If we want to answer some of those difficult questions about the origin of life, if we really want to understand Mars or Europa or any of these worlds as astrobiological resources, we have to fold planetary protection into our thinking," she said. "It enables the science that we want to be able to do."
Or, as Rummel points out, "To paraphrase Franklin Roosevelt, 'The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.'" Well, that and the space plague.
Images: United Nations (Outer Space Treaty signing); NASA (clean room and Carl Sagan with Voyager 1)
Imagine if E.T., Yoda, and the Na’vi were more than just fictional beings—and what if we could talk to them from Earth? It might be possible one day, thanks to astronomers who sent a message to a star system that may have the ability to support life. The message, which included music and math, was sent in October, but it was announced to the public on Thursday, according to Scientific American.
Although we could hear back in 25 years, it’s unlikely we will, Douglas Vakoch, president of Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence (METI) International, told New Scientist.
But, what if we did?
A person dressed as an alien attends the Mars Encounter exhibit at the Chabot Space and Science Center August 26, 2003 in Oakland, California. Hundreds of astronomy enthusiasts visited the Chabot Space Center in hopes of viewing the red planet Mars through high-powered telescopes. Mars will be 34,646,418 miles from earth at 5:51 AM EST, the closest the two planets have been in 56,619 years.
JUSTIN SULLIVAN/GETTY IMAGES
If we hear back, there’s limited guidance in place on how to communicate with the extraterrestrial beings, according to Seth Shostak, a senior astronomer for the SETI (Search For Extraterrestrial Intelligence) Institute.
“There are some protocols, but I think that’s an unfortunate name, and it makes them sound more important than they are,” Shostak told Live Science.
The guidelines—which date back to the 1980s—were designed with governments and scientists in mind. Shostak and his colleagues updated the protocol in the 1990s, in hopes to advise researchers what to do if a detection is made.
"They say, 'If you pick up a signal, check it out ... tell everybody ... and don't broadcast any replies without international consultation,' whatever that means," he told Live Science. “But that's all that the protocols say, and they have no force of law. The United Nations took a copy of the early protocols and put them in a file drawer somewhere, and that's as official as they ever got."
But, renowned physicist Stephen Hawking doesn’t think we should answer, as it may lead to some serious consequences.
“Meeting an advanced civilization could be like Native Americans encountering Columbus. That didn't turn out so well,” Hawking said in his 2016 documentary series, “Stephen Hawking’s Favorite Places,” Space.com reports.
However, Shostak argues that there’s a problem with the Columbus analogy.
“The analogy isn’t terribly apt. These folks weren’t doing exploration for its own sake. They found something new by accident,” Shostak said, according to NBC. “A better analogy might be the discovery of Antarctica or the source of the Nile. These really were exploration efforts.”
A car topped with a model spacecraft, and encouraging people to welcome extraterrestrial beings, is parked on property near Jamul, CA, October 15, 2000, purchased by the Unarius Academy of Science to serve as a future landing site for 'space brothers' from other planets. According to the academy, a spaceship carrying 1,000 alien scientists from the planet Myton will arrive on Earth in the year 2001, landing on a raised landform that was once part of an Atlantean continent in the Caribbean Sea. If humans are spritually ready, a total of 33 flying saucers from different planets will land in a towering stack near Jamul, CA to create an international university and introduce new technologies to save planet Earth from self-destruction.
DAVID MCNEW/NEWSMAKERS
Still, this doesn't answer the question of what would actually happen and we likely won't have an answer until the day it does. But when it occurs, it's sure to be an eye-opening moment.
"We’ll immediately know something very important. We’ll know that we are neither unique nor special," Shostak concludes in his NBC article. "But if you ask what the legacy of such a discovery will be hundreds or thousands of years from now, there’s simply no way to arrive at an answer that’s either useful or accurate."
In September 1977, NASA launched Voyager I from Cape Canaveral, Florida. The craft carried a golden record that contained a message to aliens from the people of Earth. Here’s what it said.
EDITOR’S NOTE: This video was originally posted on February 17, 2016.
Many of the commenters of the video are convinced that the footage is a genuine sighting of a UFO.
Josh Hammond wrote: “That is some awesome footage not only seeing a UFO but seeing how it affects change the area around it, great video man.”
Another person, foxleyleon, wrote: “I've also personally witnessed a ufo literally erasing a CHEM CLOUD. Rather nice of them.”
However, there were some viewers who were not so convinced of its authenticity.
YOUTUBE
The clouds then scatter
One commenter was brutally honest in his assessment, writing: “Fakery at its best.”
Mr Sudan President was also critical, stating: “It’s fake…”
A similar looking craft was also recently spotted over the Great Barrier Reef.
JENNY MORRISON
A similar UFO was recently seen over the Great Barrier Reef
An Australian woman, Jenny Morrison, took some pictures of the sunset over the Great Barrier Reef and when she later reviewed the photographs, she noticed a bright orb-like craft moving slowly across the screen in the series of photographs of the view above Fitzroy Island.
The mystery then deepens when in the latter pics, the green dot disappears from the images.
Experts are convinced it is a genuine UFO sighting, with the Daily Star reporting one expert said: “This is utterly bizarre and cannot be explained.
Earthbound Antimatter Mystery Deepens After Scientists Rule Out Pulsar Source
Earthbound Antimatter Mystery Deepens After Scientists Rule Out Pulsar Source
By Harrison Tasoff, Space.com Staff Writer
The HAWC gamma-ray observatory detects cosmic rays from its altitude of 13,500 feet in Mexico's Pico de Orizaba National Park. The Sierra Negra volcano looms large in the background.
Credit: HAWC
More antimatter particles stream toward Earth than scientists can explain — and new research from a mountaintop observatory in central Mexico deepens the mystery by crossing off one possible source.
The Earth is constantly showered by high-energy particles from a variety of cosmic sources. Physicist Victor Hess used a balloon to provide the first evidence of the extraterrestrial nature of cosmic rays in 1912. Since then, scientists have identified and accounted for a variety of different types, but the origin of some of these particles continues to elude experts.
The recent finding, detailed in the journal Science today (Nov. 17), concerns positrons, the antimatter complements of electrons. High-energy particles, usually protons, traveling across the galaxy can create pairs of positrons and electrons when they interact with dust and gas in space, study co-author Hao Zhou, at Los Alamos National Lab, told Space.com. In 2008, the space-based PAMELA detector measured unexpectedly high numbers of earthbound positrons. This was about 10 times what they were expecting to see, according to Zhou. [Supernova Face-Off May Solve 40-Year-Old Antimatter Mystery]
After years of work, camps coalesced around two distinct explanations, according to a statementby Michigan Technological University, which was involved in the new study. One hypothesis suggests the particles come from nearby pulsars, rapidly spinning cores of burnt-out stars, which can whip particles like electrons and positrons to incredible speeds. The other group posits a more exotic origin for the excess positrons, perhaps involving dark matter, an unknown yet pervasive entity that accounts for 80 percent of the universe's mass.
Particles like positrons that carry an electric charge are difficult to detect on Earth since they can be deflected by the planet's magnetic field. But scientists have a workaround. The particles also interact with the cosmic microwave background — an ever-present stream of low-energy photons left over from the birth of the universe. "The high-energy electron, or positron, [will] kick the low-energy photon ... so this the photon becomes a high-energy gamma-ray," Zhou said. "These gamma-rays, which have no electric charge, can pass right through the magnetic field and make it all the way to Earth's surface.
Zhou's team made detailed measurements of the gamma-rays coming from the direction of two nearby pulsars — Geminga and its companion PSR B0656+14 — that are the right age and distance from Earth to account for the excess positrons. To do this, the scientists used the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-Ray Observatory, located about 4 hours east of Mexico City. HAWC comprises more than 300 tanks of extra-pure water. When gamma-rays plow into the atmosphere, they create a cascade of high-energy particles. As this shower of particles passes through HAWC's tanks, it emits flashes of blue light, which scientists can use to determine the energy and origin of the original cosmic ray.
The data from HAWC revealed that particles are streaming away from the pulsars too slowly to account for the excess positrons, according to a statement by the University of Maryland, whose researchers also contributed to the work. In order to have arrived here by now, the particles would have needed to leave before the pulsars had formed, Zhou said.
Zhou's colleagues are quick to point out an important caveat. "Our measurement doesn't decide the question in favor of dark matter, but any new theory that attempts to explain the excess using pulsars will need to match the new data," University of Maryland physicist Jordan Goodman, the lead investigator and U.S. spokesman for the HAWC collaboration, said in the statement from Maryland.
By observing the rotations of galaxies, scientists determined that the universe contains more mass than the objects we can observe. They call this mysterious extra mass dark matter. Aside from seeing dark matter's gravitational influence from afar, no one has directly detected it otherwise. However, a popular model of the substance involves weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPS, which interact with regular matter solely through gravity. If these proposed particles were to decay, or be annihilated somehow, they could conceivably generate pairs of electrons and positrons, Zhou said.
There are other astrophysical processes to consider as well. Supernova remnants and microquasars — extremely bright objects formed as matter spirals toward a black hole — can produce positrons, Zhou said. And there's the possibility that the initial model of particle interactions with the cosmic microwave background is inaccurate. "In order to confirm a detection of dark mater, I guess, there's still a long way to go," Zhou said. "We have to rule out all these astrophysical processes."
Zhou's team plans to take advantage of HAWC's incredibly wide field of view to narrow down these alternatives in future studies.
After a tense and occasionally contentious review, the U.S. National Science Foundation has agreed not to close the Arecibo Observatory, which hosts the world’s second-largest radio telescope. Instead, the science agency will keep the Puerto Rican facility open—but will seek funding partnerships with other organizations.
“This plan will allow important research to continue while accommodating the agency's budgetary constraints and its core mission to support cutting-edge science and education,” the NSF says in their announcement. That decision comes with a big sigh of relief, says observatory director Francisco Córdova, even though it’s not yet clear who will manage the observatory and where the additional funding will come from.
“That adds a level of complexity and stress going forward,” he says. “But today we’re better off than we were yesterday.”
LISTENING FOR ALIENS
Neil deGrasse Tyson explains why unexplained radio signals from outer space shouldn't automatically be attributed to extraterrestrial life.
The decision is good news for scientists and for Puerto Rico, which is still struggling to recover from the devastation wrought by Hurricane Maria. Not only does the facility act as a tourist draw and employer for local residents, it also provided shelter and supplies for surrounding communities in the wake of the storm.
Though the observatory sustained damage from the hurricane and is still without power, its deep well provided water for local communities, and its helipad served as a base for supply distribution. Observatory staffers helped clear roads and allowed residents to communicate with others via short-wave radio.
SCIENCE HEAVYWEIGHT
Nestled into a sinkhole in the Puerto Rican jungle, the Arecibo Observatory has achieved iconic status since its construction in the 1960s. Through its many roles in science discoveries and popular culture, it has become arguably the world’s most recognizable astronomical facility: James Bond destroyed the place in GoldenEye, and Ellie Arroway visited it in Contact.
It sent that message with its radar transmitter, which today is used to study asteroids that might one day collide with Earth. The telescope is also a crucial part of today’s searches for more gravitational waves using rapidly spinning stellar corpses called pulsars.
“It remains the most sensitive telescope in the world for pulsar timing and provides a critical resource for training students throughout the U.S. and Puerto Rico,” says Maura McLaughlin, chair of the NANOGravcollaboration, which seeks out these ripples in space-time.
Yet, buckling under the weight of budget woes, the NSF decided a few years ago to start the process of divesting from the facility and closing it down. That meant considering, among other options, total demolition of the facility. But before the science agency could even do something as minor as simply withdrawing the $8.2 million it provides each year for the observatory to function, it needed to solicit input from scientists and the community about its proposal, which it did starting in early 2016.
It also needed to assess the environmental consequences of its proposition, and somehow work around the fact that the observatory had been listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places, as well as Puerto Rico's State Historic Preservation Office.
To say people were fretting about the impeding decision is no overstatement.
“I AM LITERALLY CRYING AT WORK! TEARS OF JOY!!! THE OBSERVATORY SURVIVES!!!,” tweeted planetary scientist Ed Rivera-Valentin, who works at the observatory and has been instrumental in helping train the next generation of Puerto Rican scientists.
“It’s a very big deal, it’s a very important step for us,” Córdova says. “It stops all those rumors and uncertainties about demolition or mothballing and all sorts of negative things.”
Now, the observatory’s staff can begin planning for its next chapter. That means waiting to find out who will manage the facility, a decision that is expected to come in the next several weeks and that will be implemented in March of next year, when the current management contract expires.
It also means finding out who the new funding partners will be, since NSF will slowly reduce the amount of money it annually gives the facility from roughly $8 million to about $2 million, according to Nature. As well, the observatory needs to make some repairs to storm-damaged equipment, notably a line feed used for ionospheric observations.
But overall, the facility weathered the tempest quite well and is already back doing science observations with the help of diesel-powered generators—an achievement Córdova ascribes to the dedication of the staff.
“They deserve all the credit,” he says. “The fact that we’re continuing operating even under these circumstances is truly a testament to the dedication and resilience of the Arecibo staff.”
An artist's impression of a planet orbiting a red dwarf star
University of Warwick
Aliens living around Luyten’s star will hear from humans in about 12 years’ time – if they exist.
Scientists have beamed a message toward the GJ 273 system, 12 light years away, where one of the two planets orbiting the red dwarf sun is thought to be within its habitable zone.
That means it may be capable of hosting life and, if it does, we might hear back in 2042.
The message is part of the 2018 Sonar festival in Spain, and includes 33 short pieces of music.
Festival director Richard Robles said: “Sonar Calling GJ273b arises from the innate human need to communicate and connect.
“It also attempts to find an answer to a question asked by civilisations throughout history: are we alone in the universe?
“Given the largely negative impact of humanity on our planet, perhaps this is the best time to reach out to hopefully superior extraterrestrial intelligence to solicit help and advice.”
Scientists see two stars collide in space, setting off bizarre events
Douglas Vakoch, president of Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence (METI) which sent the communication, told Space.com: “To me, the big success of the project will come if, 25 years from now, there’s someone who remembers to look [for a response].
“If we could accomplish that, that would be a radical shift of perspective.”
METI exists to “understand and communicate the societal implications and relevance of searching for life beyond Earth, even before detection of extraterrestrial life,” its website said.
Mr Vakoch dismissed suggestions that sending messages to potential alien races could be dangerous for humanity if one turns out to be aggressive.
He said: “It’s really hard to imagine a scenario in which a civilization around Luyten’s star could have the capacity to come to Earth and threaten us, and yet they’re not able to pick up our leakage radiation.”
Radio waves from Earth’s media networks have been travelling through space for decades.
But the fear of hypothetically hostile species from other stars is real for many scientists, including Stephen Hawking.
He has said that if we were to receive an extraterrestrial communication we should be “wary” of sending a reply.
Potential rival species could be vastly more powerful than humanity and contact could be like the meeting of Christopher Columbus and the Native Americans, the physicist has said – which “didn’t turn out so well”.
Even if it were benign, an interstellar civilisation could be so state-of-the-art it ”may not see us as any more valuable than we see bacteria”, he added last year.
U-F-O sightings in South Florida in the #RobyFiles
U-F-O sightings in South Florida in the #RobyFiles
by Eric Roby
U-F-O sightings in South Florida in the #RobyFiles. (WPEC)
WEST PALM BEACH, Fla. (CBS12) —
Look up in the sky, there’s a good chance you will see a u-f-o!! Here’s Eric with the Roby Files to explain.
Who knew? South Florida is a hot bed of activity for u-f-o sightings!
This map was just created showing all of the reported u-f-o sightings from 1995 to 2014. You can see here that all of Palm Beach County, and most of the Treasure Coast has had a lot of sightings. Over the past 20 years there have been nearly 60 thousand u-f-o sightings across the United States.
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Don’t talk about politics during your Thanksgiving, last year it abruptly ended a lot of feasts around the country.
A study out of UCLA and Washington State used smartphone tracking data and discovered that last year democrats were much less likely to attend dinner at a republicans house.
Republicans may have been more likely to go to a democrats house but the time they spent there was significantly less than the year prior. That’s not a big surprise but what’s concerning to me is that researchers can now track our holiday habits with our phones.
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People really need to check themselves when it comes to Starbucks and their mugs.
The new craze are these sparkly pink tumblers.
Social media is filled with people loving on these mugs. The problem? They are hard to find. There is such demand that people are now selling them on Ebay for twice the amount you can get them in the coffee shop.
I-Team: Former military intelligence officer pursues supernatural phenomena
I-Team: Former military intelligence officer pursues supernatural phenomena
By: George Knapp
LAS VEGAS - Travel the world to exotic lands, commune with witchdoctors, psychics, and seers, and maybe chase down a few UFOs and mutilated cattle along the way. How does that sound for a job?
Former military intelligence officer Dr. John Alexander has spent a lifetime pursuing what many would call paranormal or supernatural phenomena while at the same time, still working as a defense consultant.
For Alexander, it's all in a day's work.
A picturesque ranch in northeastern Utah has emerged as one of the most intense paranormal hotspots on earth.
When Las Vegas billionaire and space entrepreneur Robert Bigelow first saw the property in the mid-1990s, Dr. John Alexander was with him.
Bigelow installed a team of scientists and investigators from his National Institute for Discovery Science on the property, and over the next several years, the team witnessed and documented dozens of high strangeness events, including daylight animal mutilations and night-time encounters with an unknown intelligence. Alexander gave it a name.
"Precognitive sentient phenomena. Something else is in control," he said.
The study of Skinwalker Ranch continued for years though the mystery only intensified. Getting scientists to consider so-called paranormal activity was a victory of sorts, and is one of Alexander's lifelong goals.
"Part of my agenda is to assist in making it viable for serious scientists to research these things without ruining their reputation, livelihood, or career," Alexander said.
The walls of his Las Vegas home are packed with photos and mementos from exotic adventures he and wife Victoria have taken in pursuit of hidden realms and alternate realities. Hanging with gorillas in Rwanda, diving with whales in Tonga, advising the military in Afghanistan, communing with an African healer or Amazonian shaman one day, dining with renowned physicists Edward Teller and Hal Puthoff the next.
The topics he has investigated are castigated, in part, because of what they might mean to our concept of reality.
"Part of what we're discussing here is frightening to people because if these things are real, then their belief systems are in jeopardy.
For example, near death experiences. Alexander first learned about them as a Green Beret commander during the Vietnam conflict when a fellow special forces soldier essentially died in combat but returned to his body.
Alexander later earned a doctorate studying near death experiences as reported all over the world. He's surprised there isn't more interest among scientists and others.
"The continuation of consciousness beyond death ought to be of interest to 100 percent of the population, I mean, so if you want relevance, it would be that."
While in the military, he worked with the army's psychic spy program, the remote viewers whose exploits were characterized in the movie "The Men Who Stare at Goats." He also briefed Pentagon bigwigs on unknown aerial objects, UFOs, and later befriended psychic Uri Geller, whose ability to bend spoons with his mind was confirmed in lab studies sponsored by the CIA. Some of the mangled cutlery are now family keepsakes. In "Reality Denied," a new book about his unusual exploits, Alexander argues that these seemingly unrelated weird subjects might share a common link -- consciousness.
"A lot of the mistakes made in these fields is they tend to stovepipe, delineate, talk about UFOs, near death experiences, psychokinesis, ghosts, whatever it is, and look at them in separation and I think we need to step back and look at them in totality," he said.
The first requisite for pursuing these topics, he says? A thick skin.
Scientist assures that it is possible to physically travel to the past
Scientist assures that it is possible to physically travel to the past
Back to the future, Terminator, The Philadelphia experiment , The end of the countdown and, of course, The time machine. All these films focus on the possibility of moving through time, both forward and backward. But in the digital world we find many other stories, which involve time travel. And why not? It is one of the most mysterious concepts that man has invented. Travels in the time. But is it a possibility?
For according to the astrophysicist Ethan Siegel, within the realms of Einstein’s General Relativity, a person can travel through a wormhole and go back in time.
It is possible to travel to the past
In a publication for the American magazine Forbes entitled “How to travel back in time could be physically possible,” Ethan Siegel of Lewis & Clark College, Portland, Oregon, explains that, by using the laws of theoretical physics, we could technically build elaborate wormholes that could send humans back to the past.
As Spiegel points out, space-time tissue experiences constant positive and negative fluctuations. Theoretically, a strong positive fluctuation and a powerful negative fluctuation could be connected to form a quantum wormhole. The wormhole can be converted into a passageway that can transport particles from one point in spacetime to another. But this only works if the wormhole gets to resist enough for that time travel to happen.
But creating a wormhole big enough to take a person from the present to the past will not be easy, says Spiegel. So far, the search for the negative energy particles has not been successful.
“While every known particle in our Universe has positive energy and a positive or zero mass, it is eminently possible to have negative mass / energy particles within the framework of General Relativity,” writes the astrophysicist. “Of course, we have not discovered any yet, but according to all the rules of theoretical physics, there is nothing that forbids it.”
So, to travel through time we would need to apply the laws of special relativity . When traveling at speeds close to the speed of light, a phenomenon called temporary dilation occurs. This means that as the person increases their movement through space, their movement through time will decrease.
For example, if you traveled to a star that was 40 light-years away at speeds close to that of light, you can get there in one year and take a year to return. But, according to Spiegel, when you have returned to Earth, 82 years will have passed.
“This is the standard way in which time travel works physically: it takes you to the future, with the amount of forward travel in time that depends solely on your movement through space,”Siegel explains.
But your quantum theory of the wormhole changes that and avoids the “grandfather paradox” , that is, the notion that you can change the course of your life through time travel backing up in time and killing your grandfather. The first time this theory was postulated was in the novel by René Barjavel titled “Le Voyageur imprudent (1943)” . In essence, Barjavel explains that a person can not travel back in time to kill his own grandfather before having children. Because if he kills his grandfather before he has children, then his son would not be born, nor the father, and finally the person. So, if that person was never born, how could he have gone back in time to kill your grandfather?
“Even if the wormhole was created before your parents were conceived, there is no way you exist at the other end of the wormhole early enough to return and find your grandfather before that critical moment ,” he says. Spiegel.
However, this is not the first time that scientists have theorized somewhat viable ways of traveling through time. Astronomer Frank J. Tipler invented a device, called a Tipler cylinder, where you roll the matter into a long, dense cylinder. Tipler theorized that when matter is rotated at a few billion revolutions per minute, a spacecraft that orbits the cylinder could be locked in a “closed curve, similar to time” that would facilitate time travel.
In addition, scientists have spent years behind making travel possible over time. Moreover, in 2014 Robert Nemiroff and Teresa Wilson, from the Technological University of Michigan, began to look for weather travelers on the Internet . They believed that, if a person learned to travel in time in the future, and if he passed through our timeline, he should have left some kind of “trace on the network” . For “the hunt of time travelers on the Internet,” Nemiroff and Wilson devised three ingenious search schemes. It seems that the scientific community is taking time trips very seriously, possibly because what awaits us in the future is not pleasant at all. It’s a posibility.
Do you agree with Spiegel’s theory? Is it possible to travel to the past? And the future? Do not hesitate to comment below.
Herinner je je de film ‘I, Robot’ nog, waarin Will Smith het opneemt tegen een maatschappij vol robotten? Wel, als we het laatste filmpje van Boston Dynamics zien, is die tijd niet meer heel veraf. Hun exemplaar, genaamd Atlas, kan intussen beter turnen dan de gemiddelde mens (inclusief salto). Cool, maar nutteloos? Blijkbaar niet, want Atlas moet op termijn ingezet worden tijdens zoek- en reddingsacties. En daarbij is wat gymnastiek best handig.
TwitterEen impressie van hoe Asgardia eruit moet gaan zien. Voorlopig bestaat het alleen nog maar op papier.
WETENSCHAP & PLANEETAsgardia – de allereerste natie in de ruimte – heeft deze week een satelliet gelanceerd en daarmee bracht ze voor het eerst een object in een baan om de aarde. Het bevat digitale data van 18.000 van haar inwoners, een voorstelling van de vlag, het wapenschild en de grondwet.
Het was Russisch wetenschapper Dr. Igor Ashurbeyli (53) die Asgardia stichtte in oktober 2016. De onafhankelijke natie werd genoemd naar de plaats waar volgens de Noorse mythologie de goden wonen. Ze telt intussen meer dan 133.000 inwoners uit meer dan 200 landen en daar zijn ook 881 Belgen bij. Iedereen die meerderjarig is, een e-mailadres heeft en de grondwet aanvaardt (die deze zomer werd goedgekeurd), kan het staatsburgerschap aanvragen.
Doel is volgens Ashurbeyli om een vredevolle samenleving te stichten in de ruimte, los van afkomst, taal, huidskleur, religie, geslacht of leeftijd. Maar ook om de toegang tot ruimtetechnologie makkelijker te maken en de aarde te beschermen voor bedreigingen vanuit de ruimte, zoals asteroïden en ruimtepuin dat door de mens werd gecreëerd.
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Hoewel de inwoners nu dus nog op aarde wonen, heeft de lancering van de Asgardia-1 de natie weer een stapje dichter bij haar ultieme doel gebracht: in de ruimte wonen. De satelliet – die de grootte van een brood heeft – werd meegenomen door een cargoschip van de Amerikaanse ruimtevaartorganisatie NASA met als bestemming het internationaal ruimtestation ISS. Ergens in de komende weken zal het toestel daar uitgepakt worden door de zes astronauten die daar momenteel verblijven.
Ruimtereis
Daarna kan hij zijn eigen ruimtereis beginnen in een baan om de aarde. Het tuig zal tussen de 5 en 18 maanden rondcirkelen - de normale levensduur van zo’n satelliet - waarna het zal opbranden. Het is dus eerder een symbolische tocht, maar daarmee houdt Ashurbeyli zich wel aan een belofte die hij maakte bij de oprichting van Asgardia: om de inwoners aan de hand van hun data dit jaar al een eerste keer de ruimte in te brengen. “Ik had een lancering beloofd. Die is er gekomen”, zegt hij.
FacebookDr. Igor Ashurbeyli (centraal).
Ashurbeyli is overigens niet de eerste de beste. De raketwetenschapper en bedrijfsleider – die het project naar verluidt ook zelf financiert voor een niet nader bepaalde som – is een zwaargewicht in de wetenschapsindustrie. Hij richtte onder meer het Aerospace International Research Center op in Wenen en is de voorzitter van het Comité voor Wetenschap en Ruimte van UNESCO.
Vlucht
Het team achter de nieuwe natie hoopt op termijn bewoonbare platformen te creëren in een lage baan om de aarde, een eerste op ongeveer dezelfde hoogte als het ISS. De eerste vlucht daarheen met mensen aan boord wordt verwacht over 8 jaar. In afwachting daarvan zullen wel nog andere satellieten worden gelanceerd, maar wanneer precies is nog niet duidelijk.
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Een van de ambitieuze plannen van Asgardia is om lid te worden van de Verenigde Naties. Daarvoor moet de VN Veiligheidsraad eerst de natie erkennen. Criteria zijn onder meer een permanente populatie hebben, een vast grondgebied, een regering en de mogelijkheid om relaties te onderhouden met andere naties. Andere naties moeten het land ook erkennen als dusdanig. Vervolgens moet het lidmaatschap nog worden goedgekeurd door twee derde van de leden van de VN.
Regering
Bedoeling is dat Asgardia een democratisch verkozen regering krijgt en ook alle andere gangbare overheidsinstellingen, zoals een Openbaar Ministerie. De departementen zullen voorlopig worden geleid door de verkozenen in de landen waar ze nu wonen. De administratieve zetel is Wenen. Nog tot 29 maart kunnen inwoners zich kandidaat stellen voor een zitje in het parlement. Na de verkiezingen zullen de overheidsinstellingen gevormd worden.
We haven’t reached Black Friday yet but fans of Doc Brown, Mr. Peabody and Doctor Who may have have already received the present they’ve wanted since they were kids.
“But thanks to some very interesting properties of space and time in Einstein’s General Relativity, traveling back in time may be possible after all.”
In a recent post on his Forbes blog, Starts with a Bang, theoretical astrophysicist and science writer Ethan Siegel lays out the parts and the plans for traveling backwards in time. Siegel claims this ‘time machine’ abides by Einstein’s general theory of relativity and will not destroy the universe as we know it. Yes! Tell us how to build one, Professor Siegel, so we can all go back change the answer on the test that kept us from getting into Harvard. Or one questionable election vote.
“The place to start is with the physical idea of a wormhole.”
Sigh. You skipped right over that part about Dr. Siegel being a “theoretical” physicist, didn’t you? Wormholes can exist theoretically – we just haven’t found one yet. Siegel starts with the accepted idea that positive/negative energy fluctuations can create a curve space wormhole that a particle could travel through from one point in spacetime to another. Who cares about particles, Dr. Siegel? We want to transport ourselves and possibly a cool-looking but poor-performing sports car back in time.
“If we want to scale that up, however, to allow something like a human being through, that’s going to take some work. While every known particle in our Universe has positive energy and either positive or zero mass, it’s eminently possible to have negative mass/energy particles in the framework of General Relativity. Sure, we haven’t discovered any yet, but according to all the rules of theoretical physics, there’s nothing forbidding it.”
With that assumption in mind, Siegel proposes a sort of reverse wormhole. Instead of the conventional “travel 40 light years out at nearly the speed of light, come back and you’ve aged 2 years while everyone else is 82 years older,” he proposes a wormhole with one fixed end and one that moves around at nearly the speed of light. The wormhole is created, you wait a year and then enter the end that has been in motion. When you come out at the fixed end, it’s 40 years prior. That means if you entered this wormhole today, you could travel back to 1978 …
I’m right again!
… provided someone in 1977 had created this wormhole. So Dr. Siegel’s time machine wormhole is dependent on a previous Dr. Siegel-type with his theoretical physics knowledge and more. What if that person was your grandfather? Could you go back in time to meet him and prevent your own birth?
“Satisfyingly, we discover that this form of time travel also forbids the grandfather paradox! Even if the wormhole were created before your parents were conceived, there’s no way for you to exist at the other end of the wormhole early enough to go back and find your grandfather prior to that critical moment. The best you can do is to put your newborn father and mother on a ship to catch the other end of the wormhole, have them live, age, conceive you, and then send yourself back through the wormhole. You’ll be able to meet your grandfather when he’s still very young — perhaps even younger than you are now — but it will still, by necessity, occur at a moment in time after your parents were born.”
So Dr. Seigel is satisfied that he’ll never be able to prevent his own birth, but are we satisfied that we’ll ever be able to travel back in time through one of these strange theoretical (for now) wormholes?
The idea of traveling back in time has long fascinated humans, such as in Back To The Future's Delorean DMC-12. After decades of research, we may have hit upon a solution that's physically possible.
It's one of the greatest tropes in movies, literature, and television shows: the idea that we could travel back in time to alter the past. From the time turner in Harry Potter to Back To The Future to Groundhog Day, traveling back in time provides us with the possibility of righting wrongs in our own past. To most people, it's an idea that's relegated to the realm of fiction, as every law of physics indicates that motion forward through time is an absolute necessity. Philosophically, there's also a famous paradox that seems to indicate the absurdity of such a possibility: if traveling backwards through time were possible, you'd be able to go back and kill your grandfather before your parents were ever conceived, rendering your own existence impossible. For a long time, there seemed to be no way to go back. But thanks to some very interesting properties of space and time in Einstein's General Relativity, traveling back in time may be possible after all.
NASA/CXC/M.Weiss
An illustration of the early Universe as consisting of quantum foam, where quantum fluctuations are large, varied, and important on the smallest of scales. Positive and negative energy fluctuations can create minuscule, quantum wormholes.
The place to start is with the physical idea of a wormhole. In our known Universe, we have tiny, minuscule quantum fluctuations in the fabric of spacetime on the smallest of scales. These include energy fluctuations in both the positive and negative directions, often very close by one another. A very strong, dense, positive energy fluctuation would create curved space in one particular fashion, while a strong, dense, negative energy fluctuation would curve space in exactly the opposite fashion. If you connected these two curvature regions together, you could — for a brief instant — arrive at the notion of a quantum wormhole. If the wormhole lasted for long enough, you could even potentially transport a particle through it, allowing it to instantly disappear from one location in spacetime and reappear in another.
Wikimedia Commons user Kes47
Exact mathematical plot of a Lorentzian wormhole. If one end of a wormhole is built out of positive mass/energy, while the other is built of negative mass/energy, the wormhole can become traversible.
If we want to scale that up, however, to allow something like a human being through, that's going to take some work. While every known particle in our Universe has positive energy and either positive or zero mass, it's eminently possible to have negative mass/energy particles in the framework of General Relativity. Sure, we haven't discovered any yet, but according to all the rules of theoretical physics, there's nothing forbidding it.
If this negative mass/energy matter exists, then creating both a supermassive black hole and the negative mass/energy counterpart to it, while then connecting them, should allow for a traversible wormhole. No matter how far apart you took these two connected objects from one another, if they had enough mass/energy — of both the positive and negative kind — this instantaneous connection would remain. All of that is great for instantaneous travel through space. But what about time? Here's where the laws of special relativity come in.
A "light clock" will appear to run different for observers moving at different relative speeds, but this is due to the constancy of the speed of light. Einstein's law of special relativity governs how these time and distance transformations take place, but it means that the stationary and the moving parties age at different rates.
If you travel close to the speed of light, you experience a phenomenon known as time dilation. Your motion through space and your motion through time are related by the speed of light: the greater your motion through space, the less your motion through time. Imagine you had a destination that was 40 light years away, and you were able to travel at incredibly high speeds: over 99.9% the speed of light. If you got into a spaceship and traveled very close to the speed of light towards that star, then stopped, turned around, and returned back to Earth, you'd find something odd.
Due to time dilation and length contraction, you might reach your destination in only a year, and then come back in just another year. But back on Earth, 82 years would have passed. Everyone you know would have aged tremendously. This is the standard way time travel physically works: it takes you into the future, with the amount of travel forward in time dependent only on your motion through space.
Wikimedia Commons user Kjordand
Is time travel possible? With a large enough wormhole, such as one created by a supermassive black hole connected to its negative mass/energy counterpart, it just might be.
But if you construct a wormhole like we just described, the story changes. Imaging one end of the wormhole remains close to motionless, such as remaining close to Earth, while the other one goes off on a relativistic journey close to the speed of light. You then enter the rapidly-moving end of the wormhole after it's been in motion for perhaps a year. What happens?
Well, a year isn't the same for everyone, particularly if they're moving through time and space differently! If we talk about the same speeds as we did earlier, the "in motion" end of the wormhole would have aged 40 years, but the "at rest" end would only have aged by 1 year. Step into the relativistic end of the wormhole, and you arrive back on Earth only one year after the wormhole was created, while you yourself may have had 40 years of time to pass.
Moving close to the speed of light will cause time to pass appreciably differently for the traveler versus the person who remains in a constant frame of reference.
If, 40 years ago, someone had created such a pair of entangled wormholes and sent them off on this journey, it would be possible to step into one of them today, in 2017, and wind up back in time at the mouth of the other one... back in 1978. The only issue is that you yourself couldn't also have been at that location back in 1978; you needed to be with the other end of the wormhole, or traveling through space to try and catch up with it.
NASA / Digital art by Les Bossinas (Cortez III Service Corp.), 1998
Warp travel, as envisioned for NASA. If you created a wormhole between two points in space, with one mouth moving relativistically relative to the other, observers at either traversible end would have aged by vastly different amounts.
Satisfyingly, we discover that this form of time travel also forbids the grandfather paradox! Even if the wormhole were created before your parents were conceived, there's no way for you to exist at the other end of the wormhole early enough to go back and find your grandfather prior to that critical moment. The best you can do is to put your newborn father and mother on a ship to catch the other end of the wormhole, have them live, age, conceive you, and then send yourself back through the wormhole. You'll be able to meet your grandfather when he's still very young — perhaps even younger than you are now — but it will still, by necessity, occur at a moment in time after your parents were born.
A great many unusual things become possible in the Universe if negative mass/energy is real, abundant, and controllable, but traveling backwards in time might be the wildest one we've ever imagined. Owing to the oddities of both special and general relativity, time travel to the past might not be forbidden after all!
Astrophysicist and author Ethan Siegel is the founder and primary writer of Starts With A Bang! His books, Treknologyand Beyond The Galaxy, are available wherever books are sold.
Beste bezoeker, Heb je zelf al ooit een vreemde waarneming gedaan, laat dit dan even weten via email aan Frederick Delaere opwww.ufomeldpunt.be. Deze onderzoekers behandelen jouw melding in volledige anonimiteit en met alle respect voor jouw privacy. Ze zijn kritisch, objectief maar open minded aangelegd en zullen jou steeds een verklaring geven voor jouw waarneming! DUS AARZEL NIET, ALS JE EEN ANTWOORD OP JOUW VRAGEN WENST, CONTACTEER FREDERICK. BIJ VOORBAAT DANK...
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
