THE ULTIMATE ABYSS

It used to be thought that the world was flat. That beyond the horizon lurked a bottomless void, measureless to humans. As our ships got better and our navigators more confident, vessels that disappeared over one horizon began returning triumphant from the other. The Earth was curved, a sphere with no edges. We didn’t fall off because a mysterious force called gravity kept everyone and everything stuck to the planet’s surface.

Then Albert Einstein came along and told us that space itself was curved. Now we realise that if we sail off into the sea of curved space we call the Universe, there are indeed bottomless voids that the unwary traveler can fall into – and they are measureless to humans. They lurk on the other side of their own dark horizons, and we call them Black Holes.

FATAL ATTRACTION

A black hole is an astronomical contradiction – a dark star, an invisible nothing, a prison of light. Its boundary is marked by the so-called Event Horizon, a sphere of darkness that shrouds the inside and defines the point of no return. There is no solid surface beyond, just a bottomless gravitational whirlpool so strong that it sucks everything – even light – relentlessly inward. Oblivion waits at the centre in the form of the Singularity, Gravity’s fatal attractor.

Hidden eternally from view, the Singularity marks the spot where an immense gravitational force has been concentrated. All the mass, light and energy that has ever fallen into the black hole is compressed by its own overwhelming gravity into a point that is infinitely small and infinitely dense. The more a black hole swallows, the heavier it gets, yet the singularity never changes. Space has been squelched out of existence and Time has been squeezed to a stop. Step over the event horizon and for all intents and purposes you’ve fallen off the edge of the universe.

A BRIEF HISTORY OF GRAVITY

The concept of Gravity, this unseen force that dominates our lives and pulls us eternally towards the ground, has long challenged the greatest human minds. Even in Galileo’s day, the tower at Pisa had a good lean to it – perfect for dropping things off. Galileo wondered why no matter how heavy or light objects were, they all took the same amount of time to fall to Earth. He puzzled too about why the planets moved they way they did. His conviction that they orbited around the sun led to house arrest for heresy. He was still trying to put the gravity puzzle together when he died in Florence in 1642.

On Christmas Day that same year, the gravity baton was handed to Isaac Newton, born weak and premature in a Lincolnshire farmhouse. Twenty three years later, Newton returned to Woolsthorpe Manor to sit out the plague sweeping southern England. With 18 months quiet thought in the countryside he discovered calculus, unravelled the nature of light, and began formulating laws for the motion of the planets: discoveries that still underpin most of modern physics. One day when he was having a short break with a cup of tea, a falling apple interrupted his thoughts and led him to ponder gravity itself.

The reason the apple fell straight down was that it was trying to fall to the centre of the earth where gravitational attraction was focused. And the Earth wasn’t the only object that had gravity, so did the moon, the sun and the planets. In fact, Newton reasoned, every object in the universe – including ourselves – has gravity. The bigger and heavier, the greater it’s gravitational force. We are glued to the surface of the Earth – and not the other way round – only because it is has so much more mass. The Earth orbits around the sun for the same reason. Finally, Newton had found a reason for the heavens to move the way they do.

DARK STARS

In 1784, John Michell, Rector of Thornhill Church in Yorkshire and great forgotten 18th Century scientist, became intrigued with the idea of escape velocity – the minimum speed with which you need to travel upwards from a star or planet to escape its gravitational clutches. He knew that gravity depended upon mass and he knew the speed of light was fast but finite. How heavy, he wondered, would the sun have to become before its gravity would become so great that even light (which travels at 299,792 km/second) would be held back at its surface? The answer, Michell reasoned, was that if the sun was the same size but weighed 500 times more, the light from the Sun would not escape the Suns own gravity. The Sun would simply disappear from view. A few years later the great French mathematician Laplace came to the same conclusion independently. The concept of the Dark Star was born.

A UNIVERSE OF HOLES

Black holes remained an ignored theoretical curio until a young clerk in a Swiss patent office published his General Theory of Relativity in 1915. Albert Einstein realised that the universe was a fundamentally different place to the clockwork universe of Newton and commonsense. The three dimensions of space could not be separated from the fourth dimension of time. Together they form the ‘Spacetime’ continuum, a kind of invisible scaffolding that defines existence. Spacetime, though, is not an absolute, fixed thing. It can be warped, bent and curved.

Spacetime is ‘straight’ only when it doesn’t have anything in it. Wherever there is mass, there is gravity. Wherever there is gravity, space is curved. The curvature of space dictates how an object will move through it. The object will dictate how space bends around it. Gravity, according to Einstein, is the curvature of space.

Einstein’s thought experiment was to imagine space and time being squashed flat like a 2D rubber sheet. Put a massive object like the sun on the sheet and it will bend. The more dense an object is, the deeper the depression it makes in Spacetime and the stronger the gravity. Eventually a point is reached when the walls of the depression are stretched so steeply that nothing can climb out of it. It is, quite literally, a hole in the universe.

A STAR IS BORN

To understand the very large in the universe, you need to start with the very small. With the unlocking of the secrets of nuclear energy, scientists finally got a clue to how black holes might form in nature. Stars are born when enormous clouds of cosmic dust and hydrogen begin to clump and condense under their own gravitational weight. Gravity grows stronger by the hour as the increasing density of the protostar curves space more strongly. Faster and faster, the hydrogen gas falls in upon itself in the condensing core. The more it collides the hotter it grows. When the core reaches 10 million degrees, the hydrogen protons begin to fuse into helium. Some of the mass disappears, having being turned into energy and light. Like a giant cosmic light bulb, the star has switched itself on.

Every star we see in the heavens has a giant nuclear reaction raging at its core. It’s what makes a star like our sun shine so hot and bright. Gravity is still trying to pull the star’s gas tighter and tighter but is matched now by the energy pouring outwards from the nuclear reaction in the core. The star settles into a precarious balance that gravity will always win in the end.

THE BIG SQUEEZE

The ultimate fate of a star depends upon its mass. Our sun is middle-aged. It switched on 5 billion years ago and has enough fuel to burn for 5 billion more. But when, in that far distant future, the spent heart of the sun sheds its outer layers and shuts down, gravity will squeeze the core so tight it cannot be squeezed any more. It will become a ‘white dwarf’, a feeble ember the size of the earth but a hundred thousand times more dense.

The more massive the star is, the faster it burns its fuel and the shorter its life expectancy. A star 10 times as massive as the sun may survive only millions, not billions, of years. As it starts to collapse, the crush of in-falling matter slamming into the iron core sends the temperature rocketing to 50 billion degrees. The core has only seconds to respond – and it does so Supernova-style.

A supernova is a massive explosion. Huge quantities of material are blown into space, but only from the outer regions of the star. Most of the star has actually imploded, with the core being given a gravity bear hug so extreme that the protons and electrons have been squeezed into a ball of superdense subatomic particles called neutrons. The resulting ‘neutron star’ would weigh about one and a half times as much as the sun but would measure only about 20 kilometres across – about the size of Brisbane.

Astronomers can prove that neutron stars exist, because they give off a unique distress signal. Like a lighthouse warning of a dangerous shore, a neutron star sweeps space with a blinding beam of radiation, generated by a magnetic field more than a trillion times greater than the Earth’s. Such a neutron star is called a pulsar. To astronomers, the pulsing beam sweeping the darkness of space is an unmistakable warning that extreme gravity lurks nearby.

GRAVITY’S FINAL TRIUMPH

A neutron star resist the ongoing crush of gravity, only with its neutrons packed in like sardines in a tin. But if the remnants of the star after supernova weigh more than three times the mass of the sun, even neutrons cannot hold back the inexorable force of gravity. The neutrons are squashed into oblivion. The star’s core becomes so dense that gravity overwhelms space itself, distorting it so horribly that it, and time with it, is wrenched off from the outside universe. A darkness forms at the star’s heart and moves relentlessly outwards as the stars brilliance is sucked inwards. This is the hungry, growing maw of a black hole: gravity’s final triumph. There is no escape, no turning back, until the entire mass of the star has been swallowed and its brilliance completely extinguished.

A BLACKNESS BEYOND BLACK

Visible only by its invisibility, the margin of the black hole is marked by the event horizon, so-called because all events beyond are hidden from view. For a black hole like this the event horizon may be only a few kilometres in diameter but the void beyond impossibly deep to measure. The entire mass of the star has been reduced to a singularity – a point of infinite smallness and infinite density at the very centre of this black malevolence.

The singularity is where science ends and speculation begins. Space and time have ceased to exist, replaced by a seething chaotic mass we call quantum foam. This bizarre conjecture is where Einstein’s laws fail. This is where the laws of quantum mechanics fail. This is the realm of something called Quantum Gravity – one of the hottest areas of advanced mathematical research.

It is from a singularity that the Universe is believed to have begun. In many ways the collapse of a star to form a black hole singularity is the reverse of the Big Bang. Is this the way the Universe is going to end? Wilder speculation is that our entire universe might lurk inside someone else’s singularity. or even that universes can bud off from each other like this, like some sort of heavenly breeding organism.

It wasn’t until 1967 that John Archibald Wheeler slipped the term “Black Hole” into his paper at a scientific conference, and into the lexicon of the late 20th Century. They may have become a household name – but are they real?

BLACK HOLE OR WHITE ELEPHANT

Einstein himself couldn’t believe that such an invisible impossibility as a black hole could exist in the real universe beyond his theories. Today, his successors have no such problems. Astronomers not only think they have identified nearly 30 black hole candidates in our own Milky Way galaxy, they are now getting the proof that the holes behave in the relativistic way that Einstein’s theories predict.

A black hole is an elusive quarry with perfect camouflage: total blackness in the blackness of space. Searching for a black hole no bigger than Sydney’s CBD across hundreds or thousands of light years of space demands a sneaky approach. First you have to find a visible star that a black hole has trapped in orbit. Then you have to study how the star wobbles. John Wheeler described it as like looking for a pair of dancers on a dark dance floor. The heavy man dressed in black is invisible, but the bright white dress of a light women is an easy target as she is whirled around. Astronomers look for the bright stars that ‘orbit’ dark partners in the same way.

One of the best candidates is the star called V404 Cygni. Calculations shows V404’s dark partner is twelve times more massive than our Sun, yet totally invisible. But for every black hole orbiting another star, there must be many more solitary ones yet unseen. One of these could lurk quietly much closer to home.

THE COSMIC HOOVER

Although black holes have the power to hoover up anything and everything that strays too close, they can’t hunt. Contrary to popular belief, if you replaced our Sun with a black hole of the same mass the Earth wouldn’t get sucked in, there just wouldn’t be any sunlight. You could even orbit a black hole in a spacecraft just so long as you kept a safe distance.

Get too close though and strange things start happening. Space gets stretched longer and skinnier. You would find your feet being pulled miles away in front of you while your body is squeezed sideways. You will have become a piece of space spaghetti long before you reach the event horizon. Then you’d be ruptured into your own fundamental particles and disappear behind the veil of darkness.

It’d be a spectacular way to go but no-one would see it because time is being stretched as well. The photons carrying the image would struggle harder to leave your body the closer you fell. Even with a few million years to spare, an outside observer will see you slow to a halt above the event horizon, before slowly fading from view.

HEARTS OF DARKNESS

Most astronomers now concede that a black hole heavyweight lurks in the centre of our own Milky Way galaxy. Latest estimates are that it weighs in at a whopping 2 million times the mass of the sun – a dwarf in comparison to some of the truly supermassive black holes that may lurk in the cosmos.

By the 1950s, astronomers began turning optical telescopes towards some of the strongest signals that the new radio telescopes were picking up. Source number 3C 273 was found to be a bright star-like object with a ‘jet’ of intense radiation sticking out of it. It was the first of a number of similar objects given the name of ‘quasar’ or ‘quasi-stellar radio source’, but their real identity remained hidden for decades.

Quasars have now been revealed to be the energetic hearts of very active galaxies: brilliant discs of superheated gas and ruptured stars swirling at nearly the speed of light. Great jets of charged particles are blasted thousands of light years into space from above & below – like an axle through a wheel. The central engine that is driving all this activity, though, is hidden deep inside. It has to be small and it must be extraordinarily dense. The mathematics demand that the only beast that can drive such a display of raw power is a supermassive black hole. The heavier the hole, the faster the gases whirl in orbit. Astronomers have observed speeds which tally with black holes weighing up to five thousand million suns.

The theory goes like this: a galaxy evolves from a vast rotating cloud of gas that begins to clump and condense under its own weight into billions of stars arranged like an enormous Catherine wheel, a Mexican hat or a bee swarm. In the centre, where the gas is concentrated, enough matter to make millions or even billions stars has undergone titanic gravitational collapse to make a supermassive black hole. While the hole is still actively feeding on the inner part of the new galaxy it manifests itself as a quasar. Later, when all nearby food has been consumed, the black hole becomes quiescent, leaving a relatively quiet galactic core like the one in the Milky Way. If this theory is correct, then supermassive black holes are present in all but the smallest galaxies.

TOWARDS THE WITHIN

For all their ferocity, these supermassive black holes are surprisingly gentle giants up close. You can fall into one without turning to spaghetti.

Suppose you or I were an astronaut about to step into such an abyss at the edge of the universe. As I approach the event horizon, blackness spreads upwards around me. The Universe shrinks to a bright point directly overhead. As I meet and cross the horizon the universe above disappears in a blinding flash of photons trapped in orbit around the hole.

I am now inside the black hole and falling towards the Singularity. It’s not dark like I expected. I see a ring of dancing light where the singularity should be. It must be spinning so fast that the centrifugal force has balanced out gravity. Now it’s a naked glowing hula-hoop of indeterminate size. Around it I see glimpses of heavens unimaginable to humans, universes within universes, time within time…

But hey! No matter what I might see or experience inside the black hole, I could never send a message out. The secrets I discover will die with me as I achieve oneness with the Universe, at the central Singularity.

Source www.abc.net.au

{ http://alien-ufo-sightings.com/ }

10-04-2018 om 21:50 geschreven door peter  

Assuming E.T. Can Control Gravity What Other Capabilities Can We Expect Them To Have?

The actual way that the universe works is the same everywhere, however, every intelligent life form will have a different understanding of it. Not only have our laws of physics changed over time, even today, different people have different interpretations of how things work. The more advanced a civilization becomes the closer their model of reality will match the actual universe.

While eventually any two independently developed set of laws of physics should converge, Their current similarity will depend both on how different they were to start with and how much progress has been made.

We don’t understand how gravity works. We understand the effects. It is an attractive force in three dimensions. The ‘fabric’ analogy is a tool to help us visualize what is happening. Space-Time is not real. It is a tool to help us figure out reality. We say gravity bends space-time because we can understand that. In reality, nothing is bent, there is no ‘fabric’, and so far as we have discovered, there is no actual entity that we call ‘time.’ Time is another tool we use to help us figure out our reality and what is happening in our reality. Neither the time particle/wave nor the gravity particle/wave has been confirmed. It has been recently glimpsed but that is not confirmation. Only the effects have been seen or discovered. Like a shadow, when we see it, we know that there is something blocking the light, but in the cases of time and gravity, when we look, we can not find the actual entity that is causing the effect.

Gravity control and inertia suggest that they might possess some form of reactionless drive. A reactionless drive is a device to generate motion without a propellant, presumably in contradiction to the law of conservation of momentum. The name comes from Newton’s third law, which is usually expressed as, “for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.” A large number of infeasible devices, such as the “Dean drive”, is a staple of science fiction, particularly for space propulsion. To date, no reactionless drive has ever been validated under properly controlled conditions. Since we do not have a theory of quantum gravity it might be possible to construct such drive by an advanced intergalactic intelligence.

Since such feats would require a lot of understanding of basic physical laws we can assume that any race with such capability have a quantum theory of gravity and can exploit it to practical gains.

Having control over gravity permits interesting industrial processes to become possible. Assuming that one has not limitation over it. You can imagine that the aliens could create what is essentially a “matter furnace” using gravity to create something like accretion disk allowing conversion matter to energy – far safer than antimatter power.

To be a master of gravity means you are a master of time as well. Times fiery arrow relentless chugging forward can be stopped in its tracks. Time would be putty in the hands of these advanced intelligences. They could stop time, stretch it and make it their plaything. They may not age and they may be timeless.

To control gravity is to control the Universe at a level at this time we can only dream of. It brings sources of propulsion and energy that would appear as magic to us hairless apes.

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{ http://www.theangryufologist.us/ }

10-04-2018 om 21:31 geschreven door peter  

Bewijst leugendetectortest dat astronauten buitenaards leven zagen?

NASA De eerste ruimteselfie ooit werd in 1966 genomen door Buzz Aldrin, de tweede man op de maan

Bestaan er echt buitenaardse wezens? Ook bekende astronauten zijn overtuigd van hun reizen teruggekomen met verhalen over buitenaards leven. Nu zijn de verklaringen van vier astronauten, onder wie de 'tweede man op de maan', Buzz Aldrin, onderworpen aan een leugendetectortest. En blijkt dat ze deze allemaal hebben doorstaan!

Volgens experts laten de resultaten voor 100 procent zien dat de ondervraagden ervan overtuigd zijn tijdens hun ruimtemissies tekenen van buitenaards te hebben gezien of ervaren. Astronauten Aldrin, Al Worden, Edgar Mitchell en Gordon Cooper deden mee aan de test, die tot de nieuwste technologie voor leugendetectie behoort. De test werd onder meer uitgevoerd op basis van stemanalyses.

Buzz Aldrin: 'Ik zag een ruimteschip'

Aldrin heeft altijd volgehouden dat hij tijdens zijn missie naar de maan een ruimteschip heeft gezien. "Er was daar iets dat dichtbij genoeg was om te kunnen zien, het had een beetje een L-vorm," aldus de astronaut. Worden claimt zelfs dat hij echte buitenaardse wezens heeft gezien. Voor de verklaringen van de inmiddels overleden NASA-pioniers Mitchell en Cooper werden oude stemopnames geanalyseerd. Zij claimen UFO’s te hebben gezien, en ook die informatie werd als betrouwbaar geacht.

Kritiek op organisatie

Ook wordt er kritiek geuit op de organisatie die de tests uitvoerde. De technologie die is gebruikt, de Computer Voice Stress Analyzer (CVSA), zou zijn aangegrepen om 'new age'-denkbeelden geloofwaardiger te maken. Nick Pope, expert op het gebied van research naar buitenaards leven, noemt het nieuwe onderzoek 'pseudo-wetenschap'. 

Nick Pope

✔@nickpopemod

Despite claims Buzz Aldrin and other astronauts passed lie detector tests about having seen UFOs, the truth seems to be that a New Age institute is using CVSA (computer voice stress analysis) on old interviews to infer astronaut belief in aliens. Many regard CVSA as pseudoscience

07:30 - 9 apr. 2018

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 Reuters Buzz Aldrin was de tweede man op de maan in 1969.

{ https://www.nporadio1.nl/ }

10-04-2018 om 21:02 geschreven door peter  

10-04-2018 om 20:53 geschreven door peter  

Expeditie gaat op zoek naar verzonken menselijke nederzettingen op bodem Noordzee na vondst van fossielen en bewerkte botresten - HLN.be

Bron: Eigen berichtgeving

“Tijdens de IJstijd bevond heel wat zeewater zich in de vorm van ijs op het land en dat maakte dat de zeespiegel ongeveer honderd meter lager lag”, aldus dokter Jan Seys van het VLIZ in een interview op vrt. Dat betekent dat het Europese vasteland in die periode over land bereikbaar was vanuit Groot-Brittannië.

Lees ook

Aan deze vreemde ziekte leed de prehistorische man van Cro-Magnon

Zeebodem

“Onze expeditie wil een 3D-kaart van de zeebodem maken en de interessantste plaatsen vinden om in detail te gaan zoeken naar nederzettingen van onze voorouders”, gaat Seys verder. “Ook toen vestigden mensen zich het liefste aan water – zoals meren en rivieren – zodat ze makkelijker aan voedsel konden geraken. Die zullen we proberen te lokaliseren.” (lees hieronder verder)

EU Maritime & Fish

✔@EU_MARE

Our best wishes to marine scientists and archeologists on board @HowBigIsBelgica Belgian research vessel, starting a journey to understand our prehistoric past in the #NorthSea, sometimes helped by bones found by fishermen! #Brownbank2018 #EYCH2018

9:50 AM - Apr 10, 2018

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Een van de plaatsen die de marine-experts en archeologen onder de loep willen nemen is de Bruine Bank, een 30 kilometer lange zandbank op de bodem van de zuidelijke Noordzee, halfweg tussen de Nederlandse en de Britse kust. Archeologen vermoeden al langer dat het ooit de thuis was van duizenden mensen, op basis van de toevallige vondsten van onder meer vissers.

“Die haalden er al bewerkte stenen en botresten boven”, vertelt dokter Tine Missiaen (VLIZ) vanop het terrein aan onze redactie. “Er werden ook al flink wat fossielen van dieren gevonden en waar dieren zijn, houden zich ook vaak mensen op. Vandaar onze interesse.”

Groot meer

De universiteit van Gent slaagde er ook in om vlakbij een gebied af te bakenen waar een groot meer gelegen moet hebben en een rivierensysteem. Wat het vermoeden dat er ooit ook mensen in de buurt leefden, nog versterkt. “Onze expeditie wil nu de blinde vlekken in kaart brengen in het zuiden van de Noordzee, zodat we een beeld krijgen van het vroegere landschap daar”, aldus nog Missiaen. (lees hieronder verder)

De zoektocht op de Bruine Bank zal vermoedelijk naar het einde van de week op gebeuren, omdat het weer het voorlopig niet toelaat. Momenteel wordt dichter bij de Belgische kust gewerkt.

Sporen

Als de bodem van de Noordzee over enkele maanden gereconstrueerd is op de interessante plaatsen, zal er geboord worden naar microscopische sporen die duiden op de aanwezigheid van mensen en dieren. Zo kunnen kiezelwieren ons bijvoorbeeld vertellen of er op een bepaalde plaats zoet of zout water voorkwam en ons een beeld geven van wat zich duizenden jaren geleden op een bepaalde plaats afspeelde.

De zoektocht wordt nu pas ondernomen omdat nu pas de technologie voor handen is om de expeditie uit te voeren. “We kunnen in vergelijking met bijvoorbeeld 10 jaar terug steeds beter en gedetailleerder speuren naar sporen op de zeebodem”, aldus nog Seys. “Ook met het oog op de toekomst kunnen we er nog iets van leren. Denk aan de opwarming van de aarde die ook een effect zal hebben op ons milieu en de zeespiegel.” 

{ https://www.hln.be/ }

10-04-2018 om 20:46 geschreven door peter  

SpaceX sure knows how to stay in the news. I mean, they’re only reinventing spaceflight for a new age of exploration and commercial travel. It’s not all shiny red Tesla Roadsters and mysterious military launches, though. SpaceX launches all sorts of payloads into space, including scientific instruments for the International Space Station. A SpaceX Dragon made it into orbit earlier this month carrying a new scientific lab designed to track some of the most mysterious atmospheric phenomena: red sprites, blue jets, and ELVES.

The lab is called the Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor, or ASIM, and the data it could gather could help shine light on some of the least understood occurrences in the natural world. The ASIM is designed to detect and record upper-atmospheric lightning, also known as transient luminous events or terrestrial gamma-ray flashes. These are a broad category of atmospheric disturbances which include the rare red sprite and ELVES, or Emissions of Light and Very low frequency perturbations due to Electromagnetic pulse Sources.

These phenomena have been observed for centuries, but it wasn’t until the development of high-speed cameras in the last few decades that they have been able to be photographed. Gamma-ray flashes weren’t discovered until 1994 and remain largely unknown to science aside from a few photographs taken from space.

Among the phenomena ASIM will study are blue jets, some of the least well known atmospheric electrical disturbances.” The jets are not very well studied because they’re very faint,” the University of Bath’s Martin Fullekrug told the BBC, “They’re mainly blue. Also they’re not necessarily associated with lightning. They pop up now and again and they’re very mysterious.” The ASIM will be turned on this Friday, April 13th and is led by the European Space Agency.

Red sprites last only a few milliseconds.

Stories like this always make me wonder what future generations will discover about our planet. Just a few hundred years ago, we hadn’t even mapped the entire globe, and we’ve only been able to observe the Earth from space for a few short decades. Who knows what natural phenomena we haven’t even a clue about yet because we don’t have the tools to observe them?

{ http://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

10-04-2018 om 20:30 geschreven door peter  

While it seems longer, it’s been only seven years since the last Space Shuttle mission ended on July 21, 2011. That’s nothing compared to how long it’s been since the first humans to land on the Moon in July 1969. Yet both Apollo 11 and one particular shuttle mission – STS-77 in July 1996 – were back in the news this past week, and both for the same reason … UFOs.

“MOON walker Buzz Aldrin and three other astronauts have passed lie detector tests over claims they experienced alien encounters.”

That headline comes from a Daily Star article referring to a “lie detector test” conducted by The Institute of BioAcoustic Biology in Albany, Ohio, on astronauts Buzz Aldrin, Al Worden, Edgar Mitchell and Gordon Cooper. All at one time or another claimed to have seen UFOs during their space missions. However, the so-called lie detector tests may be that in only the loosest sense of the word as this latest technology, as pointed out by Micah Hanks at Mysterious Universe, was actually conducted on voice recordings of the men talking about their alleged encounters since Mitchell and Gordon are both deceased and their stories cannot be tested using more conventional lie detectors.

“NASA releases video of ‘UFO’ from 1969 space mission sparking frenzy online”

That headline comes from a follow-up article the following day by the same Daily Star, which could use a proofreader as well as that “latest technology” lie detector. While the date says “1969,” which was the year of Buzz Aldrin’s alleged UFO sighting, the “video” it refers to is actually from the Space Shuttle mission STS-77 in 1996.

STS-77 crew

That apparent juxtaposition of the numbers in the year is not the only problem with this article. While it’s true that NASA released this video (seen here), it was not a recent release. It’s actually been around since 1996 and was the subject of a Popular Mechanics debunking in 2009 in which identified the UFO as the Passive Aerodynamically Stabilized Magnetically Damped/Satellite Test Unit(PAM/STU), whose launch and deployment was tracked by shuttle cameras and narrated by the astronauts, who often referred to it as the “target” – a common military term for just about everything being watched, not just enemies and UFOs.

It’s too bad we’re forced to look at these sensationalized clips when so much of what was studied on these Space Shuttle missions was only lightly covered at the time and not at all today. STS-77, the 77th of 134 missions, tested one of the early inflatable space structures so common today and performed experiments developed jointly by numerous countries. The astronauts even had some fun working with a Fluids Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus-2 (FGBA-2) to determine if separately stored carbon dioxide, water and thick liquids could be combined in space and consumed without bubble nucleation and resulting foam formation. In other words, they tried (successfully) to make Coca-Cola and Diet Coke in space.

Buzz Aldrin is still looking

Sure, exploration is the ultimate goal of all space programs, but the mundane groundwork and testing is crucial to future success. It’s also a place for many to be a part of the space program – while Neil and Buzz stepped onto the lunar surface, one of the most remembered videos was of the many people in the control room celebrating the success of the project so many had worked so hard to achieve.

It’s time to get back to developing new interest in space exploration, space science and space technologies instead of rehashing old (and misleading) events. As a different Buzz once said (and you don’t need a lie detector test to prove it):

“To infinity and beyond!”

{ http://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

10-04-2018 om 20:22 geschreven door peter  

It’s spring in the Northern Hemisphere, which means anyone with a lawn will soon be spreading fertilizer all over their grass to make it grow long enough and green enough so they can walk on it barefoot for a few days before it turns brown from the drought and excessive heat. According to a new study, that stuff you’re spreading – or at least one element in it — may show aliens in other solar systems evidence that there’s life on Earth. Conversely, the fact that we can’t see it on planets orbiting other stars means they may not have life at all. That element is the ‘P’ in the NPK balance listed on the bag of fertilizer – phosphorus.

In a presentation at the European Week of Astronomy and Space Science in Liverpool last week, astronomers Jane Greaves and Phil Cigan of Cardiff University, described what happened when they recently aimed the William Herschel Telescope in the Canary Islands at the Crab Nebula, a supernova remnant located just 6,500 light-years away in the Taurus constellation. The data, which they’ve only begun to process, showed that it contained what would be considered an average amount of phosphorous for the Milky Way – which surprisingly isn’t much. For comparison, Cassiopeia A – a supernova remnant in the constellation Cassiopeia – was found in 2013 to contain 100 times more phosphorous that the Milky Way average. Because it’s such an new and challenging process, these are the only two supernovae analyzed for phosphorus so far

Crab Nebula

Greaves and Cigan were studying supernova explosions because that is the source of phosphorus in the universe and phosphorus is one of the six chemical elements which all life on Earth depends on. (Can you guess the rest?) In an interview with phys.org, Greaves explains why the low level in the galaxy is a concern to astronomers looking for alien life.

“The route to carrying phosphorus into new-born planets looks rather precarious. We already think that only a few phosphorus-bearing minerals that came to the Earth—probably in meteorites—were reactive enough to get involved in making proto-biomolecules. If phosphorus is sourced from supernovae, and then travels across space in meteoritic rocks, I’m wondering if a young planet could find itself lacking in reactive phosphorus because of where it was born? That is, it started off near the wrong kind of supernova? In that case, life might really struggle to get started out of phosphorus-poor chemistry, on another world otherwise similar to our own.”

(Have you guesses the other five elements? Here’s a hint: Sponch.)

Greaves speculates that Cassiopeia A created more phosphorus because it was a bigger star (duh). It means that life forming on a planet may depend less on its location in a warm “Goldilocks zone” near its own star and more on its proximity to a massive supernovae explosion. That also means the search for life on other planets should focus on the amount of phosphorus detected, along with the other five elements for life – Sulfur, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon and Hydrogen. Thrown in P for phosphorous and their chemical symbols spell SPONCH – a good name for the first alien we find on a phosphorus-laden planet.

Based on the sparsity of phosphorus in the galaxy, will we find life? Should we forget about our lawns and start fertilizing outer space?

{ http://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

10-04-2018 om 20:07 geschreven door peter  

Beams of light coming from the skies in Texas and Phoenix

On April 6, 2018 an unknown beam of light coming from the sky near Rockwall, Texas and it is almost impossible but two days later on April 8 another beam of light coming from the sky in Phoenix.

As with the Texas beam also the Phoenix beam has not the specific characteristics of a sun ray, it is clearly something different and it is hard to explain from where these beams come from.

  

{ https://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.be/ }

10-04-2018 om 19:47 geschreven door peter  

NASA Link: https://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/ESP_025723_1950

Here is a very interesting discovery on Mars of many structures with clear signs of intelligence construction. These are ruins of an alien civilization. Had they been found on Earth, people would have no qualms about it. However this is Mars, and since knowing that alien life existed so close to Earth would really shake up the entire world. This is why NASA doesn't want the world to know about it. NASA wants to keep it secret to see if they could find any alien technology that could be useful to America. Imagine finding a broken computer on Mars...and bringing it back, only to discover the computer has an alien version of artificial intelligence in it. NASA downloads the program and integrates it into todays modern tech, using it to control the world. 

Scott C. Waring-Taiwan

{ http://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

10-04-2018 om 19:34 geschreven door peter  

Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin 'pa sses lie detector test about his encounter with alien life, UFO Sightings News.

Awesome news! Buzz has passed his lie detector test. This means he never made up the story, its all true. The story of how he had seen UFOs on the opposite side of a moon crater is all true! Very cool and glad to hear he had no fear to take such a test. Just wish we had a video of the full test. 
Scott C. Waring

News states:
'There was something out there': Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin 'passes lie detector test after recalling his encounter with alien life' during the historic 1969 mission to the moon. Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin has reportedly passed a lie detector test after recalling his encounter with alien life during the historic 1969 mission to the moon. Aldrin, 88, was a part of the test that also analyzed interviews from astronauts Al Worden, Edgar Mitchell and Gordon Cooper.

10-04-2018 om 19:28 geschreven door peter  

VIDEO: Train causes strange 'blue UFO' across Bucks and Oxfordshire

The mystery of the strange blue glow seen moving through the skies over Buckinghamshire on Wednesday night appears to have been solved.

And is seems it was not down to aliens - despite a wave of rumours on social media.

Pictures emerged from across the county of an eerie blue light travelling slowly overhead.

Lots of theories have been put forward, including a UFO, blue alien eyes and light pollution.

The blue light moved across the sky and was spied from Chinnor and Thame to High Wycombe and Gerrards Cross, as well as in Oxfordshire. 

• READ MORE HERE: UFO sighting? Strange 'blue glow' spotted moving across the sky over Bucks

However, a video has emerged which appears to show the cause of the blue glow.

This CCTV video, posted on Facebook by Shelley Ifill, captures a train moving at speed at 9.15pm on Wednesday with a blue light shining from the roof towards the sky.

It's not yet known exactly where the video was shot.

Rail companies have been contacted to establish which train was carrying the powerful beam, and why.

{ http://www.bucksfreepress.co.uk/news/ }

10-04-2018 om 01:06 geschreven door peter  

Why Extraterrestrial Life May Be More Unlikely Than Scientists Thought

10-04-2018 om 00:47 geschreven door peter  

Space War is Here — And The U.S. Is Not Ready

A space war “is going to happen”, and the Pentagon is not ready to face it, warn several US experts and politicians.

As if we didn’t have enough problems here on Earth; Overpopulation, Diseases, Wars, Famine, etc., it seems that we need to be worried about a potential war in space.

An article published in Politico notes that Russia and China are “far ahead” of the United States when it comes to space militarization and in the development of means capable of destroying or rendering inoperative the satellites on which the US Army depends: from gathering intelligence to guiding precision bombs, missiles, and drones.

Meanwhile, the Pentagon is trying to catch up after years of underinvestment, injecting “billions of dollars” to bolster its defenses against antisatellite weapons, train troops and refine means to retaliate in a new form of combat that until now has only been present in Hollywood movies.

Image Credit: Shutterstock

“We are now approaching a point where ‘Star Wars’ is not just a movie,” said Steve Isakowitz, CEO of The Aerospace Corp., a government-funded think tank that serves as the military’s leading adviser on space.

According to Isakowitz, the U.S. can no longer afford to take its dominance for granted.

“That supremacy in space has enabled us to have the world’s greatest war-fighting capability … whether it is our soldiers on the field, our drones that fly overhead, our bombers that travel around the world, intelligence we collect,” he told POLITICO. “More and more every day, literally, we become more dependent on it.

“And our adversaries know that,” he added in an interview.

Unsurprisingly, US President Donald Trump recently called for the creation of a “space force”: a separate military branch responsible for guaranteeing US supremacy in space (a role now played mainly by the Air Force).

Likewise, Trump’s new National Security Strategy designated space as “vital interest” for the first time, and ordered the Armed Forces to consider space as “a priority domain,” Politico explains.

But that may not be enough.

Congressman Mike Rogers, who chairs the Subcommittee on Strategic Forces of the Armed Forces of the House of Representatives, predicts that war in space will “happen,” and that “it’s just a matter of whether it happens in the next two years or in the next five or six years.“

In this sense, Rogers is worried about whether the US Air Force is paying enough attention to space.

“They always say, ‘We got this, we’re planning for this in the future,’” Rogers said. “But when you ask them to prioritize space this year, they say they can’t. People have to remember when it comes to fighting a war, our eyes and ears are in space. We can’t let adversaries take our eyes and ears out.”

Other specialists urge the Trump Administration to think more carefully about its military space policy. Thus, Joan Johnson-Freese, a professor of national security at Naval War College, doubts that space can be treated like any other battle zone.

“You can not control all the space all the time,” he says, explaining that “simply the physics of space is different than the others.”

On the other hand, Cassandra Steer, acting executive director of the Center for Ethics and the Rule of Law at the University of Pennsylvania, warns that “an armed conflict in space would be catastrophic for all players,” including “Neutral States.”

Source: Space war is coming — and the U.S. is not ready

Featured Image Credit 

{ https://www.ancient-code.com/ }

10-04-2018 om 00:32 geschreven door peter  

Buzz Aldrin ‘Passes UFO Lie Detector Test’ Leaving Experts ‘Convinced’ Aliens Exist

The former American astronaut and the second man to land on the moon, Buzz Aldrin has passed a lie detector test for claims that he saw Aliens on his trip to the moon.

Along with Buzz, three other astronauts, Al Worden, Edgar Mitchell and Gordon Cooper, also underwent the test and the results were positive.

In an interview for the Science Channel in 2005, astronaut Buzz Aldrin said the crew of the famous Apollo 11 mission saw a UFO on its way to the Moon.

Later, Aldrin would say that his words were taken out of context, even though his story was supported by Dr. David Baker, principal scientist of Apollo 11.

However, over the years Aldrin has also made other strange statements which seem to indicate that he knows more about the extraterrestrial presence in space than he would like to share.

Buzz Aldrin deploys a seismometer in the Sea of Tranquility.

Credit: NASA

Even in 2014, the famous NASA astronaut clarified what he saw had seen in a series of questions on Reddit.

While speaking about his ‘alien encounter‘ Aldrin said;

“On Apollo 11 in route to the Moon, I observed a light out the window that appeared to be moving alongside us. There were many explanations of what that could be, other than another spacecraft from another country or another world – it was either the rocket we had separated from or the 4 panels that moved away when we extracted the lander from the rocket and we were nose to nose with the two spacecraft.”

“So in the close vicinity, moving away, were 4 panels. And I feel absolutely convinced that we were looking at the sun reflected off of one of these panels. Which one? I don’t know. So technically, the definition could be ‘unidentified’. We well understood exactly what that was. And when we returned, we debriefed and explained exactly what we had observed. And I felt that this had been distributed to the outside world, the outside audience, and apparently, it wasn’t, and so many years later, I had the time in an interview to disclose these observations, on another country’s television network.”

“And the UFO people in the United States were very, very angry with me, that I had not given them the information. It was not an alien.”

“Although there were many theories about it, none of the crew of Apollo 11 could find a logical and rational explanation for the strange phenomenon.”

Apparently, the Apollo crew quickly concluded that what they had seen on route to the moon was sunlight reflecting off an adapter panel – one of four ‘hatches’ that enclosed the Lunar Module and were jettisoned once that stage of the rocket detached.

“It was not an alien. Extraordinary observations require extraordinary evidence. That’s what Carl Sagan said,” Aldrin concluded in a Reddit AMA in 2014.

But now, new information reveals that Aldrin has passed the lie detector test on his encounter with a UFO during the Apollo 11 mission in 1969.

The investigation has also analyzed astronauts Al Worden, Edgar Mitchell and Gordon Cooper.

Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin poses with the American flag on the surface of the moon in July 1969.

Image Credit: NASA

The experts confirmed that their results show that they were “completely convinced” that they had encountered extraterrestrial life during their trip to the Moon.

According to reports, the ‘Institute of BioAcoustic Biology in Ohio’ analyzed the voice of the astronauts proving that when speaking of alien life and strange encounters on the moon, the astronauts were not lying.

Speaking to controversial news outlet ‘The Daily Star’—known for publishing bizarre UFO stories— the ‘Institute of BioAcoustic Biology in Ohio’ explained that the recordings show that Aldrin was ‘completely convinced’ of the truth of his story.

Aldrin has claimed that he saw ‘something out there that was close enough to be observed, sort of L-shaped,’ on his journey to the moon – although he has since dialed back on the idea it was aliens, reports Metro.

However, Buzz wasn’t the only one to have allegedly spoken the truth about encountering aliens. Another astronaut, Edgar Mitchell – the sixth man to walk on the moon – also claimed to have witnessed aliens on his trip to the moon, and his voice, just as Aldrin’s, reveals he is also ‘telling the truth,’ the Institute has claimed.

However, as noted by experts, we have still no idea what the he Institute of BioAcoustic Biology is basing this on – as the company makes some rather outlandish claims for its technology.

The Institute says, ‘As a bridge between ancient ideas of sound healing and the futuristic, Star Trek, protocols that the institute provides, it is now possible to reverse diseases and traumas previously thought to be incurable, to reveal the secrets of our true nature, to enhance our lives, to predict what may be our fate through the frequencies of our voice.’

However, Science Alert has taken a swing at the tests, the results and the company itself saying that that’s not even remotely science.

Scient alert explains that while Bioacoustics is a legitimate branch of science, in this case, however, the institute’s line of study bears the hallmarks of pseudoscience.

{ https://www.ancient-code.com/ }

10-04-2018 om 00:21 geschreven door peter  

The Great ‘Ancient Alien’ Gallery Of Utah

The Southwestern United States is home to countless ancient figurines, depicting beings with elongated heads, halos, antennas, almond-shaped eyes, and even what some interpret as beings in astronaut-like space suits. These figurines were created around 4,000 years ago.

Holy Ghost panel in the Great Gallery, Horseshoe Canyon.

Image Credit: Wikimedia Commons.

In the southwestern United States, mainly in the state of Utah, there is a great concentration of places where thousands of years ago, early inhabitants depicted strange beings with elongated heads, massive height, and helmet-like objects, as well as a number of depictions of what many authors have identified as cosmic maps.

The enigmatic figures date back 1,500 and 4,000 years ago, although some could be older, while others figurines could have been created as recently as one thousand years ago.

But it doesn’t matter whether they were created four thousand years ago, or two thousand years ago, what matters is the message that the ancients tried conveying.

One of the greatest enigmas that experts have tried solving is the meaning of the figures painted on countless rocks in Utah.

Are these mysterious representations the result of ancient man’s ingenuity? Imagination? Are these figures depictions of ancient abstract art? Or is it possible, as some authors suggest, that these mysterious beings were the so-called sky people?

The most famous of all panels is located in the Horseshoe Canyon, formerly known as Barrier Canyon, west of the Verde River in the state of Utah.

The rock art at horseshoe canyon is known as Barrier Canyon Style (BCS) rock art.

The Great Gallery

Part of the Great Gallery.

Image Credit: Wikimedia Commons.

The Great Gallery is a spectacular ancient art panel of more than 60 meters in length by about 5 of height in which are represented some 20 anthropomorphic images of natural size, the largest of which exceeds 2 meters in height.

The so-called great gallery is divided into two differentiated areas, so that the most separated representations, on the left, are known as the Panel of the Holy Spirit, due to the presence of an unusual-looking figure that some identity with a spirit and others with some shamanic ritual.

The Holy Ghost panel of the Great Gallery has been dated to between 400 A.D. and 1100 A.D. by dating two rockfall events of which one exposed the rock face the panel was made and the second damaging part of the panel

This gallery offers the largest and best-preserved collections of Barrier Canyon Style rock art in the United States.

The Great Gallery, Canyonlands National Park.

Image Credit: Wikimedia Commons.

This panel has been dated by optically stimulated luminescence between 400 and 1100 AD.

According to experts, the pictograms of the Great Gallery were made using ocher-red color to represent more than 80 figures, whose meaning remains a profound enigma.

The creation and dating of the figurines is also a problematic issue for experts because the pigments used by the ancients lacks organic material and cannot be analyzed by radiocarbon dating.

The rock art of the great gallery is believed to have been the product of the Desert Archaic culture, a nomadic group of hunter-gatherers predating the Fremont and Ancestral Puebloans.

{ https://www.ancient-code.com/ }

10-04-2018 om 00:12 geschreven door peter  

Meet ‘Die Glocke’, The Mysterious Nazi Anti Gravity Machine

Die Glocke (The Bell) was a supposed Nazi Wunderwaffe, or wonder weapon.

It was described by Polish journalist and writer Igor Witkowski in Prawda or Wunderwaffe (2000), later popularized by military journalist and writer Nick Cook, as well as by Joseph P. Farrell and other authors who associate it with Nazi occultism antigravity and free energy research.

Witkowski came across details about Die Glocke in after obtaining access, through a contact in the Polish intelligence service, to the transcripts of the interrogation of an SS officer, Jakob Sporrenberg.

In them, the German narrated the details of an experiment carried out in a hidden base called Der Riese, which was in the Owl Mountains, near the Wenceslaus mine, in the Sudetes (near the Czech border).

The device, shrouded in mystery, has also been described by many authors as a possible Nazi time traveling machine.

According to Patrick Kiger’s article published in the National Geographic magazine, Die Glocke has become a popular topic of speculation, with a fandom around this and other so-called Nazi Wunderwaffen.

The Bell was presented as a magical, occult weapon, based on a technology that goes far beyond anything mankind was capable of producing.

However, the possibility that there was a hidden device completely revolutionary for its time and very rare, if possible, is something that has excited the imagination of many writers.

Some of them like Jan Van Helsing, Norbert-Jürgen Ratthofer and Vladimir Terziski did not have issues when mixing reality and fiction in a mixture that included mystical weapons, the Nazi esotericism, secret societies, and UFOs, a phenomenon that began spreading quickly in the fifties.

So, what the heck is the bell?

An illustration of the Bell.

Image Credit: Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SA 3.0

The Bell or Die Glocke was a supposed experiment carried out by scientists from Nazi Germany who worked for the SS in a facility known as Der Riese (The Giant, in German), near the Wenceslaus mine  close to the Czech border.

The Bell is described as a device “made of a hard and heavy metal”, with an approximate diameter of 2.7 m and a height between 3.7 m and 4.6 m, having a shape similar to that of a large bell.

According to Cook’s interview with Witkowski, this device contained two counter-rotating cylinders that would be “filled with a substance similar to mercury, violet in color”.

This metallic liquid was codenamed “Xerum 525” and was “stored in a tall, thin thermos, one meter high and encapsulated in lead.”

It is said that the experiments used additional substances, mentioned as Leichtmetall (light metal, in German), “including thorium and beryllium peroxides.”

Witkowski describes that when The Bell was activated, it had a range of 150 m to 200 m.

The Polish journalist explained that the goal of Die Glocke was to generate antigravity propulsion – that’s why it was tightened to the ground by means of thick chains.

Witkowski explains that when the device was activated it could cause deadly effects on living beings that were within a radius of 150 to 200 meters : freezing of the blood in the circulatory system, decomposition of the organic tissues…

This illustrates purported top secret Nazi scientific technological device knows as “the Bell” (Die Glocke). For illustration variety of sources and described features are combined. 

Image Credit:Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SA 3.0

Moreover, five of the seven members of the research team – led by physicist Walther Gerlach – perished during the tests, although it was not clear how.

Witkowski tells in his book that a French scientist named Elie Cartan had already taken important steps in that field of antigravity after the First World War, although the antigravity that generated by his alleged machine was too weak to have a practical application. Die Glocke may have been based on the technology introduced by Cartan.

Based on certain external evidence, Witkowski claims that the ruins of a concrete structure – nicknamed “The Henge” – in the vicinity of the Wenceslas mine (50 ° 37’43 ” N 16 ° 29’40 “E), about 3.1 km southeast of the main Sokolec Complex of the underground works of the Riese Project, could have served as a testing platform for an experiment on” antigravity propulsion “generated with The Bell.

However, the abandoned structure has also been interpreted as the remains of a conventional industrial cooling tower.

Whether the Bell may or may not have existed remains one of the best hidden Nazi secrets.

However, we do know that ‘Der Riese’ really existed and consisted of underground facilities that began to be built from 1943 from Książ Castle, with tunnels, railways, telephone lines, etc.

The labor force employed was about thirteen thousand prisoners, mostly transferred from Auschwitz, and according to the testimony of Albert Speer, the architect of the regime, the budget for the works amounted to one hundred and fifty million marks.

Featured image credit: Die Glocke / Discovery Channe

{ https://www.ancient-code.com/ }

09-04-2018 om 23:56 geschreven door peter  

'UFO sighting' leaves children screaming in terror

THIS spooky apparition terrified onlookers when it appeared behind the clouds and seemed to float down towards earth.

By Hayley Coyle 

The glowing circular object resembled a UFO slowly descending from space, said onlookers.

A teacher at the school where it was filmed said children were "screaming hysterically" when it emerged - close to top holiday hotspot destination Bali.

He said: "This happened at about 2.35pm, when suddenly the students who were busy playing in the school yard, spontaneously screamed hysterically seeing unusual sights, I heard the children's voices, then came out to see and immediately recorded the phenomenon using my cell phone.

"I still don't know what it is. It could be some kind of rainbow. But people were very scared."

The teacher said that none of the people who saw the incident or anyone who has viewed the video have been able to identify the incident in the sky.

He said it was not the sun being obscured by clouds because the shape was too near and too large to be the sun.

However, the sighting could be a form of "fire rainbow" or circumhorizontal arc caused by different clouds interacting with crystals of water trapped in the atmosphere, according to experts.

Tropical temperatures in the region can also cause sudden movements of clouds and changes in atmospheric pressure, resulting in bizarre scenes.

{ https://www.dailystar.co.uk/ }

09-04-2018 om 23:44 geschreven door peter  

Stonehenge’s Giant Stones Were In Place Long Before Humans Existed

A paper published in the journal British Archaeology provides evidence that two of the largest and most significant blocks of stone at Stonehenge may have already been in ‘position’ millions of years before people arrived to Stonehenge.

One of the most mysterious ancient sites on the surface of the planet is Stonehenge. Located in near Amesbury, in the county of Wiltshire, England, about fifteen kilometers north of Salisbury, this ancient megalithic site has remained shrouded in mystery for decades.

Stonehenge is composed of large blocks of metamorphic rocks distributed in four concentric circles.

The exterior of Stonehenge is thirty meters in diameter and is formed by large rectangular stones of sandstone that, initially, were crowned by lintels, also made of stone.

Inside this outer row is another circle of smaller blocks of bluish sandstone.

Image Credit: Shutterstock.

This encloses a structure with a horseshoe shape built with sandstone stones of the same color.

In its interior remains a slab of micaceous sandstone known as the Altar.

And while officially, the ancient site was built between 3000 BC to 2000 BC, a new study claims the ancient site may have existed long before humans lived on Earth.

What Stonehenge is, and why and how these massive stones were ‘transported’ to where they stand today remains a profound mystery.

However, an archaeologist believes he may have found an answer that could help unravel Stonehenge’s mystery.

As noted by the Times, Mike Pitts, a British scientist who specializes in British pre-history, claims to have discovered evidence that two of the largest and most significant blocks of stone at Stonehenge may have already been there millions of years before people arrived.

The expert explains that the accidental alignment with the sunrise and sunset of the longest and shortest days of the year made ancient people—around 3,000BC—construct the site we see today.

Mr. Pitts also happens to be one of the few who have actually performed excavations on the site.

In a study published in the journal British Archaeology, Mr. Pitts describes uncovering a pit, around six meters (20 feet) in diameter, besides the heel stone in 1979. The Freelancer archaeologist explains that Stonehenge’s heel stone is 75 meters (250 feet) from the center of the stone circle, weighs around 60 tons and has not been shaped or dressed, unlike the other sarsens.

As explained by Mr. Pitts, the hole, rather than being a socket dug for a missing standing stone, was once home to huge heel stone.

In an interview with the Times, Mr. Pitt explains:

“The assumption used to be that all the sarsens at Stonehenge had come from the Marlborough Downs more than 20 miles away. The idea has since been growing that some may be local and the heel stone came out of that big pit.”

“If you are going to move something that big you would dress it before you transport it, to get rid of some of the bulk. That fact alone suggests it has not been moved very far. It makes sense that the heel stone has always been more or less where it is now, half-buried.”

As explained by the archaeological site’s website, Stonehenge was erected in four main stages:

The first Stonehenge was a large earthwork or Henge, containing a ditch, bank, and the Aubrey holes, all probably constructed approximately 3100 BC. The Aubrey holes are round pits in the chalk, about one meter wide and deep, with steep sides and flat bottoms. They form a circle about 284 feet in diameter. Excavations have unveiled cremated human bones in some of the chalk filling, but the holes themselves were probably made, not for the purpose of graves, but as part of the religious ceremony. Shortly after this stage Stonehenge was abandoned, left untouched for more than 1000 years.

The second and most dramatic stage of the construction of Stonehenge started sometime around 2150 BC. Around 82 bluestones from the Preseli mountains, in south-west Wales were somehow transported to the site. It is believed these stones, some weighing 4 tons each were dragged on rollers and sledges to the headwaters on Milford Haven and then loaded onto rafts. They were carried by water along the south coast of Wales and up the rivers Avon and Frome, before being dragged overland again to near Warminster in Wiltshire. The final stage of the journey was mainly by water, down the river Wylye to Salisbury, then the Salisbury Avon to West Amesbury.

This astonishing journey covers nearly 240 miles. Once at the site, these stones were set up in the center to form an incomplete double circle. ( During the same period the original entrance of the circular earthwork was widened and a pair of Heel Stones were erected. Also, the nearer part of the Avenue was built, aligned with the midsummer sunrise.)

The third stage of Stonehenge, about 2000 BC, saw the arrival of the Sarsen stones, which were almost certainly brought from the Marlborough Downs near Avebury, in north Wiltshire, about 25 miles north of Stonehenge. The largest of the Sarsen stones transported to Stonehenge weigh 50 tons and transportation by water would have been impossible, the stones could only have been moved using sledges and ropes. Modern calculations show that it would have taken 500 men using leather ropes to pull one stone, with an extra 100 men needed to lay the huge rollers in front of the sledge.

These were arranged in an outer circle with a continuous run of lintels. Inside the circle, five trilithons were placed in a horseshoe arrangement, whose remains we can still see today.

The final stage took place soon after 1500 BC when the bluestones were rearranged in the horseshoe and circle that we see today. The original number of stones in the bluestone circle was probably around 60, these have long since been removed or broken up. Some remain only as stumps below ground level.

Source:

• British Archaeology magazine

{ https://www.ancient-code.com/ }

09-04-2018 om 23:24 geschreven door peter  

Watch: UFO 'Mothership' Filmed in North Carolina?

An intriguing piece of footage out of North Carolina has paranormal enthusiasts buzzing as some suspect that it could show a veritable UFO mothership.

Purportedly filmed in the town of Columbus just a few days ago, the video was subsequently submitted to MUFON and eventually found its way online where it has captured the imagination and attention of UFO researchers.

The admittedly-nondescript footage shows a set of lights hovering in the sky with two in the center being particularly bright and two pairs of lights fanning out on each side from the middle.

The configuration suggest some kind of triangular shape, although this is largely speculation since the video is so hard to discern.

Fortunately the unnamed witness behind the camera also made sure to film the moon a few times during the sighting to provide something to compare with the objects as far as their size and height.

The fact that the video is not particularly fantastic almost works in its favor when it comes to the veracity of the footage, since it would seem to rule out a hoax of some kind.

And, for his part, the man who saw the anomaly sounds genuinely mystified by what he is watching unfold in the sky above him.

As to what it may have been, aside from the always-popular alien hypothesis, some have speculated that it is a secret government test craft.

Aside from those two options, the prosaic explanation to be offered up by skeptics that would perhaps best fit this scene is that the lights are simply lanterns that were sent soaring up into the sky and spotted by the unwitting witness.

What's your take on the weird footage? Let us know at the Coast to Coast AM Facebook page.

Source: Charlotte Observer

{ https://www.coasttocoastam.com/ }

09-04-2018 om 23:05 geschreven door peter