Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS NEARLY 13 YEARS AND 4 MONTH.
ON /30/09/2024 MORE THAN 2.230.520
VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
Buzz Aldrin did see something strange during his 1969 voyage.
Photograph: Getty
WHAT’S THE STORY?
THAT’S the trouble. There isn’t one. Well, unless you’re the Daily Star and a thousand other so-called ‘news sites’ that have recently been pumping out the story that Buzz Aldrin saw a UFO on his trip to the moon on 1969.
The latest claim is that Aldrin passed a lie detector test that “proved” he saw a UFO on that famous journey in which he became the second human being to step on the moon, shortly after Neil Armstrong.
Apart from the conspiracy eejits that say NASA faked the moon landings, Aldrin’s UFO is probably one of the most common “space myths” that’s been going around for years, but at least the latest version has a bit of invention – that “lie detector” line is a lulu because everybody knows they are infallible, right?
Problem is that the man himself, who is now 88, says he never took such a test, and he has denied for years that he saw a UFO.
And in any case, lie detector tests, or polygraphs to give them their Sunday name, are notoriously unreliable.
SO HOW COME THE STORY IS OUT THERE?
ACCORDING to the Daily Star, a company called the Institute of BioAcoustic Technology and Sound Health in Albany, Ohio, did the ‘lie detector’ tests on recordings made by Aldrin and fellow astronauts Edgar Mitchell (Apollo 14), Al Worden (Apollo 15), and Gordon Cooper (Mercury-Atlas 9). In other words, new technology was used to examine old recordings and no actual polygraph took place, not least because Mitchell and Cooper are, ahem, dead.
Funnily enough the Institute is promoting its ‘Sound Health’ technology as an improvement on lie detectors. On its website it states: “Join Sound Health and embrace this pioneering path to New Medicine!
“Sound Health has proven that your voice can be used to reveal who you really are under the layer of public personality you have created.
This is an opportunity for the human race to break free of all of the deceit and deception that we live with on a daily basis.”
They haven’t revealed if they have examined Donald Trump yet.
WHAT DID BUZZ ACTUALLY SEE?
LET the man himself tell you: “On Apollo 11 in route to the Moon, I observed a light out the window that appeared to be moving alongside us.
“There were many explanations of what that could be, other than another spacecraft from another country or another world – it was either the rocket we had separated from, or the four panels that moved away when we extracted the lander from the rocket and we were nose to nose with the two spacecraft.
“So in the close vicinity, moving away, were four panels. And I feel absolutely convinced that we were looking at the sun reflected off of one of these panels. Which one? I don’t know. So technically, the definition could be ‘unidentified’.
“We well understood exactly what that was. And when we returned, we debriefed and explained exactly what we had observed.”
THE UFO STORY WAS A MYTH?
CORRECT. As Aldrin cogently explained a few years ago: “It was not an alien. Extraordinary observations require extraordinary evidence.
“That’s what Carl Sagan said. There may be aliens in our Milky Way galaxy, and there are billions of other galaxies. The probability is almost certain that there is life somewhere in space.
“It was not that remarkable, that special, that unusual, that life here on Earth evolved gradually, slowly, to where we are today. But the distances involved in where some evidence of life may be, they may be hundreds of light years away.”
That is the view of most reputable scientists – space is just too vast for aliens to be visiting here, or us to be visiting them, at least for a very, very long time.
TELL US MORE ABOUT BUZZ
EDWIN Eugene Aldrin Jr was born in New Jersey in 1930 and has some Scottish ancestry. He was a fighter pilot in the Korean War and then took a PhD in aeronautics before joining NASA.
Since retiring he has successfully battled depression and alcoholism and he was beside President Trump when he announced new space exploration last summer.
Some things that can be said with certainty: his first words on the Moon were “beautiful view” and Toy Story’s Buzz Lightyear was named after him.
Abstract:Aerospace trade publications, visual reports and personal interviews with test pilots and engineers confirm the existence of multiple highly classified aerospace vehicles. These include boomerangs, black triangles, diamonds, arrowheads, and Spaceplanes/Trans Atmospheric Vehicles (TAVs). Funded by the so-called “black budget,” many of these programs are exempt from congressional oversight and public scrutiny. Developed along the famous “aerospace alley” region of southern California, many of these USAPs represent America’s super-secret “ace in the hole,” and provide a unique “power projection” capability for multiple military and intelligence agencies. Companies such as Lockheed, Rockwell, Northrop, McDonnell Douglas and Boeing made tremendous advancements during the “Reagan build-up” era, and many of these programs have now passed their “sunset” duration of deployment. Therefore, it’s now time for a re-examination of these programs and a renewed push for the “dis-lodging” of those that can be declassified without representing any threat to the national security of the United States.
Blackstar: The two-stage-to-orbit Spaceplane
During the 1980s, Soviet-era aerospace companies developed plans for what they called a “space fighter.” The primary roles for this spaceplane concept were the following: military reconnaissance, satellite interception, space station defense, and crew transfer applications. This full-scale development program fell under the jurisdiction of what came to be known as the Russian Kosmolyot I and II project. Upon getting word of these advancements in Russian aerospace technology, White House, and Pentagon officials became “deeply concerned” that America would lose the advantage in developing an operational spaceplane. Therefore, on December 1, 1985, American efforts to develop a two-stage-to-orbit spaceplane appear to have shifted into high gear, and oversight command for this program was transferred from the Department of Defense to a joint venture composed of the Central Intelligence Agency and the National Reconnaissance Office (CIA/NRO). The new code-name for this project was called “COSMIC WIND,” which was later renamed “Blackstar.” Through the tremendous efforts of former Aviation Week and Space Technology editor William Scott, a clear picture of this historically significant program has now emerged.
Approximately one month after the official go-ahead for this program the space shuttle Challenger exploded 72 seconds after launch on January 28, 1986. Since at least 70% of all payloads associated with the NASA shuttle program were classified DOD/intelligence agency applications, the Department of Defense/CIA/NRO lost what it termed its “assured access to space.” Not wanting to interrupt their schedule of launching highly classified satellites, the United States Air Force, CIA and the National Reconnaissance Office were now forced to rely on Titan booster rockets. However, there were multiple Titan rocket failures during the mid-1986 time-frame, and the “spook groups” found themselves “out of business.” The loss of these two space assets provided further emphasis and urgency for America to accelerate its plans to develop an operational spaceplane.
The derelict and dilapidated remains of the A-12 Avenger II mock-up outside at the Fort Worth Aviation Museum. Is this really all that American taxpayers received for their $5 Billion investment? (Image credit: Michael Schratt)
Frantic to maintain its control of the “high ground,” a desperate call went out to various aerospace defense contractors who could quickly design, build and test fly a two-stage-to-orbit spaceplane system. These included Lockheed, Rockwell, McDonnell Douglas, and Boeing. A significant majority of these contractors (except for Boeing in Seattle) had locations within what has been termed “aerospace alley” which extends from San Diego, north to Los Angeles, continuing to Lancaster/Palmdale/Air Force Plant 42, and concluding at Edwards AFB. As with most “Unacknowledged Special Access Programs” (USAPs), funding for the Blackstar program was covertly spread out over multiple projects including the ill-fated US Navy A-12 Avenger II, and the X-30 NASP (National Aerospace Plane). This wouldn’t be the first time that highly compartmented so-called “black” programs were used as a “sacrificial lamb” to cover the funding of even more highly classified projects. Many of these super-secret programs are referred to in the military/intelligence agencies as: “ace in the hole” or “trump card” technology. They are also referred to as “silver bullets.” Under extreme pressure, and on a tight schedule, the Lockheed Company in Burbank may have taken the leading role in designing a small spaceplane, and “farmed out” much of the construction/manufacturing to McDonnell Douglas in St. Louis.
The “Blackstar” system consisted of two separate components which operated as a single integrated unit: 1) a large “mothership” or carrier aircraft measuring approximately 200 feet in length. 2) a smaller “parasitic” aircraft/orbiter which could fit conformally under the belly of the mothership, and air-dropped at altitudes up to 90,000 feet. Flight testing of the Blackstar program appears to have started in 1989, and by October of the same year, the Blackstar program had flown its first operational mission. Four large carrier “Mothership” aircraft may have been produced, with eight spaceplane/orbiters possibly being built. The program was based out of Area 51/Groom Lake, utilizing the “old CIA A-12 hangers”, including and two new massive hangers that were three times larger than their historic neighbors. During flight testing and operational missions, ground controllers at Groom Lake carried the call sign “EARTH” when communicating with the spaceplane. Other bases of operation may include Alaska or Patrick AFB in Florida.
Three view drawing of large SR-3 “Mothership” with smaller XOV spaceplane below. (Image credit: Michael Schratt)
The massive mothership was referred to the “SR-3”, aka “elegant lady,” while the smaller spaceplane was designated “XOV” (Experimental Orbital Vehicle) or “Speedy.” Early in the program under the “COSMIC WIND” code-name, the large carrier aircraft was referred to as the “MAV” (Manned Aerial Vehicle), while the smaller spaceplane was designated the “AAV” (Advanced Aerial Vehicle). Resembling the 1960’s era North American Aviation XB-70 Valkyrie, the SR-3 was certainly an imposing sight to behold. Eyewitnesses who were fortunate enough to see this aircraft during the daytime described it as being “huge” or “giant.” Others simply called it the “Super Valkyrie.” Indeed, as reported by at least two former North American Aviation test pilots, the technology existed in the 1950s to develop a two-stage-to-orbit spaceplane system. With the advantage of 30 years of additional technological developments, and almost unlimited access to black budget funding, its well within the capability of the America aerospace industry to design, build and test fly such a vehicle.
With a wingspan of 120 feet, the SR-3 featured a triangular/delta wing configuration, with large “tip-sails” or winglets that rose up 12 feet and were canted at a 35-degree angle. It also featured a dorsal ridge or “spine” that extended immediately behind the cockpit, and ran down the length of the fuselage to the trailing edge of the wing. A retractable set canards (with their own winglets) were also located just aft of the crew compartment (reference email to Michael Schratt from Nancy Certain 9/13/16). These canards had the capability of retracting forward to support low speed applications. The SR-3 carried a crew of three consisting of the pilot, co-pilot and launch control officer (LRO) who sat facing backwards. The bottom of the aircraft featured a large XB-70 like triangular “splitter” air-intake which was divided into two banks at the rear of the craft. However, the most prominent feature was what appeared to be a “relieved section” or “scooped out” portion of the bottom which was designed to allow the smaller spaceplane to fit inside forming an aerodynamically efficient mating of the two aircraft (reference detailed report from James Petty to Michael Schratt 12/5/16).
Original SR-3 Mothership sketch by Nancy Certain.
According to eyewitness and Rocket scientist James Petty who saw both the Mothership and its smaller parasitic aircraft flying over Salt Lake City Utah on October 4, 1998, the more massive SR-3 carrier aircraft is powered by six modified variable-cycle J-93 engines (reference in-person 90- minute videotape interview of James Petty conducted by Michael Schratt 3/12/16). However, there appears to be a discrepancy regarding precisely what type of propulsion system was used to power the mothership. Those within the vicinity of SR-3 flight operations described hearing a VERY LOUD PULSING ROARING noise during take-off roll and climb out. This was confirmed by witness Nancy Certain Ph.D., from Doylestown PA, who saw the massive carrier aircraft during the day from a half-mile distance at an altitude of approximately 2,500 feet in 1993. Others stated that as the aircraft accelerated and gained altitude, the frequency and intensity of the pulsing noise increased. This may indicate the use of a combined cycle scramjet engine which can operate at both low and high speeds. Either way, it’s clear that this aircraft utilizes some form of “multi-cycle” engine.
The mothership has a weight of 275,000 to 300,000 pounds and a range of 6,000 miles (unlimited with aerial refueling). The SR-3 is capable of speeds over Mach 6 and can climb to an altitude of 150,000 feet. It features a white/grey exterior surface, with two being built by 1988. Fuel for the SR-3 consists of liquid hydrogen/liquid methane with JP8 used in the case of the J-93 engines. The contractors involved with designing and building the SR-3 mothership may have consisted of Lockheed, Rockwell, and Boeing. Final assembly took place at Boeing’s large assembly facility in Seattle. It’s interesting to note that on October 14, 1986, Boeing filed a patent (4,802,639) for a two-stage-to-orbit spaceplane system that closely matched the Blackstar operational capabilities, although the physical characteristics of the craft were different than what was reported by multiple eyewitnesses.Once reaching an altitude of 90,000 feet and a speed of Mach 3, the SR-3 air-drops its smaller parasitic aircraft, and either returns to its original base of operation or takes on additional fuel for an extended mission.
Three view drawing of Speedy XOV spaceplane. (Image credit: Michael Schratt)
Detail view of XOV linear aerospike engines showing “radiator like” screens. Illustration. (Image credit: Michael Schratt)
Detail view of XOV Speedy aft section depicting “radiator like” screens in place, and also removed showing 10” diameter tube “honeycomb pattern.” (Image credit: Michael Schratt)
The smaller XOV/Speedy spaceplane was manufactured in two sizes and featured a highly swept wing lifting body configuration. One measuring approximately 60-65 feet in length, with a crew of two that sat side-by-side, and another measuring 97.5 feet with a single pilot. These were named “XOV-1” and “XOV-2.” Flying in an inverted low earth orbit orientation, the XOV featured a two-door “Q-bay” on its upper surface for the operation of a large aperture adaptive optics system that featured “inches resolution.” This “reconnaissance package” had the capability of correcting for atmospheric disturbances, thereby generating extremely high-resolution images of ground-based targets. The Q-bay could also serve as a launching platform for hyper-velocity depleted uranium “Rods-from God.” The XOV could attain altitudes of between 150-250 miles, and speeds exceeding 17,500 mph (Mach 20). The primary propulsion system for the XOV were four linear aerospike engines that were grouped in two banks at the aft end of the vehicle. These engines were developed by a joint venture which included Aerojet and the Pratt & Whitney/Rocketdyne Company, which later became Aerojet Rocketdyne. Witnesses who have observed the back of this vehicle described seeing what looked like “radiator screens” covering the exhaust ports. Others described it as looking like “ventilation grating.” Embedded within the exhaust ports were multiple 10-inch diameter “tubes” which served to mix cooling air, thereby reducing the vehicle’s infrared signature. These tubes gave the exhaust ports an unusual “honeycomb” appearance. Ground tests of this unique engine took place at Groom Lake during 1988.
Circular receptacle for SRB on aft end of Speedy. Illustration. (Image credit: Michael Schratt)
The larger 97.5-foot long spaceplane also featured articulating intakes and variable geometry exhaust ports. On either side of the exhaust ports, a dark circular opening was seen which may have served as a solid rocket booster (SRB) receptacle. These could be loaded into the craft “like a shotgun shell” and then removed after the conclusion of a mission. The SRBs served to provide an extra boost, pushing the spaceplane into a low earth orbit flight path. Once in orbit, the spaceplane had the capability of “dipping back down” into the atmosphere and then climbing back up again. Using this technique of “skipping” over the outer reaches of the atmosphere, the spaceplane could dramatically increase its range. After completing its mission, the spaceplane would glide back to earth “like the space shuttle” and land horizontally at multiple military locations in the United States.It could then be “turned around” within 48 hours or “every other day” to fly another mission. Compared to the space shuttle which can take months or even years to prepare for flight, the Blackstar system represented a cost-effective alternative. Another unique advantage was its capability to serve as a “rapid response” military/reconnaissance platform that could surprise an enemy by flying unpredictable flight paths, unlike spy satellites.
The outer wing sections of the XOV featured a “droop down” articulated capability, which took advantage of “compression lift.” The only movable control surfaces on the Speedy spaceplane were what appeared to be flaps/speed brakes located on the upper and lower rear surface of the vehicle. A short “stubby tail” which extended from aft of the Q-bay to the extreme end of the craft served as both a vertical stabilizer and an attachment point for joining with the larger carrier aircraft. The outer structure of the craft may have been built at the McDonnell Douglas facility in St. Louis and featured an advanced composite material that was “stacked” in layers forming a sandwich to attain the desired thickness. Red colored thermal protective areas were located along the leading edges of its wings. The entire bottom surface featured dark-colored thermal resistant “space shuttle tiles.” Four “channels” or “strakelets” were seen on the bottom of the craft. These one to two-foot deep longitudinal “grooves” helped to maintain the rigidity of the structure and may have served as a way to dissipate heat during high-speed operations. Apparently, these grooves/inlets were “very complex,” and most likely took multiple attempts to perfect.
Illustration (Image credit: Michael Schratt)
The XOV incorporated a very unusual landing gear configuration which included a four-wheel nose gear arrangement, and a retractable “ski-like” landing gear skid that extended directly from the bottom of the craft. Approximately at the mid-point on the lower surface of the wings, a retractable “pogo-type” outrigger landing gear helped to stabilize the craft during roll-out. Generally speaking, highly swept low aspect ratio lifting body configurations have high landing speeds. Therefore, the Speedy spaceplane was said to have a landing speed between 250-300 mph, with the central retractable landing skid taking the brunt of the force. Certainly, the craft was a “handful” for even the most experienced test pilots. Only those with practical application in flying multiple different types of aircraft would qualify for handling such a strange and exotic aircraft. Pilots who were the “Maverick” type, and had previous air racing experience would be at the top of the list. Fuel for the XOV was a “gelled Boron” based “slurry” or endothermic type that had the consistency of toothpaste. Work on the spaceplane proceeded slowly until 1989 when the program made tremendous progress, and engineers were working “around the clock” 24 hours a day, seven days per week, for three years. It was also during this timeframe that a “fuel breakthrough” was made, which further accelerated the program.
Drawing depicting the modified Lockheed C-5C Galaxy with “chipmunk cheek” extensions. (Image credit: Michale Schratt)
Letter from John Andrews to Pete Eames describing the emergency landing of a classified aircraft (which was tracked going Mach 4.2) at Kadena AFB on February 12-13, 1994.
On February 13 of 1994, things took a drastic turn on the project. On that day, an XOV spaceplane was involved in an incident that resulted in the craft making an emergency landing at Kadena AFB in Japan. This particular aircraft was tracked by Kadena air traffic controllers going Mach 4.2, and other aircraft in the vicinity had to be diverted to avoid a collision. Subsequently, the entire base was put on a “Red 3” lockdown for three days. Apparently, during the launch sequence, the stubby vertical fin/pylon on the spaceplane somehow made contact with its carrier aircraft and was forced to make an unscheduled detour. Within 24 hours, a highly modified Lockheed C-5 Galaxy cargo transport aircraft was dispatched from Holloman AFB to retrieve the damaged spaceplane. To “fill a gap” in their intelligence gathering capability, the CIA/NRO convinced Congress in May of 1994 to allocate 100 million dollars to put the SR-71 Blackbird spy-plane back into service so that the Blackstar program could get back on track. Three of these unique C-5 aircraft were produced which featured eight-foot-wide “chipmunk cheek” extensions on each side of the fuselage. Originally, these modifications were specifically incorporated for the purpose of transporting large containers which protected satellites during transit to launch sites. However, they were also later used to transport classified aircraft to multiple locations around the world. These highly modified aircraft also utilized an extra set of six-wheeled landing gear. Two of these aircraft were operated by NASA and carried the tail numbers 00503, and 00504. The third was operated by the CIA and featured a large red “CL” marking on its vertical stabilizer. Upon arriving at Kadena AFB, the damaged aircraft was quickly loaded inside the C-5, which then made a direct flight back to Holloman AFB.
Spaceplane being unloaded from C-5 cargo aircraft at Holloman AFB (Illustration credit John MacNeill/Tom Bogan)
Original sketch of XOV spaceplane by F-15 pilot at Holloman AFB.
Tarp covering “stubby vertical tail.” Note extended flaps/speed brakes. (Image credit: Michael Schratt)
Sometime around February 15 of 1994, the C-5 arrived back at Holloman AFB with its precious yet damaged cargo inside. The aircraft then taxied to a remote part of the long runway at the base. Eyewitnesses who saw the spaceplane being unloaded from the much larger cargo aircraft during the daytime indicated that it was a complicated process which took at least three hours to complete. Apparently, the outer wing panels of the spaceplane have the capability of folding to allow for transportation in the C-5. One witness (a transient F-15 pilot), who saw the entire event unfold through binoculars from the cockpit of his aircraft while it was parked on the ground, sketched what he observed. “no-nonsense” military security guards were overseeing the entire unloading process. Once the spaceplane was pulled from the opened “clamshell” door of the C-5, it was immediately apparent that some damage had occurred to the spaceplane. A large tarp was seen covering the stubby vertical tail. However, this tarp did not completely obscure the view of the aft section which revealed a large “chunk” missing. In addition, the F-15 pilot also identified multiple missing tiles on the spacecraft’s bottom right wing section. It’s unknown at this time if this event in conjunction with other technical challenges “shelved” the Blackstar project, or if it secretly continued its covert activity. In the end, the Blackstar program represents one of the “crown jewels” of the military-industrial complex. It’s unlikely that the engineers or test pilots associated with the project will get the credit they deserve anytime in the foreseeable future. Like many other black programs, it’s entirely possible that it will remain another unacknowledged “silver bullet” being hidden away in some dark and mysterious hangar located somewhere in the southwest.
Special Note:The following report originated via the personal collection of UFO researcher and author David Marler. It has been reproduced for this report exactly as it appeared in the original text. Emphasis in certain areas is strictly mine.
Illustration of the August 25, 1990 Woodhead Pass Triangle. (Image credit: Michael Schratt)
Woodhead Pass Triangle drawing. (Image credit: Michael Schratt)
Cardstock model of the Woodhead Pass Triangle by Michael Schratt.
Dear Mr. Marler,
I have just read your book “Triangular UFOs an estimate of the situation.” I found the book to be most informative since I myself had a close sighting of a triangular UFO in 1990. I always assumed that what I saw was a top-secret military aircraft, and over the years I have read about such projects as the TR-3B (TR-3B real or fictitious who knows?) At any rate, I was quite happy with my assumptions until I read your book which revealed that such craft were seen as far back as the 1930’s and even in the late 1800’s. Obviously, I found this to be quite thought provoking and as led me to re-assess what I saw that night. I therefore decided to send you this e-mail outlining the events of that night, and would appreciate any comments from your perspective. Please keep in mind, it is now 23 years since my sighting, and some of the detail is by now a little fuzzy. I have therefore left out anything of which I am not certain. I have also attempted to attach what I know to be a poorly drawn sketch (it goes without saying I’m no artist). Also, I would add that at the time a serving Police Officer, and have since retired after 30 years of service.
On the evening of August 25, 1990 my then wife and I had attended at Manchester Main Road football stadium to watch the band Fleetwood Mac. At the end of the concert, it took some time to get out of the makeshift car park, and through the heavy traffic, the time was around midnight. Our route home to Barnsley took us over the Woodhead pass, which crosses over the Pennine hills, and is surrounded in the main by open moor land. That particular night, stretches of the road were covered with low cloud or mist causing poor visibility. As a result, I was forced to drive slowly, approximately 20 mph. Due to the late hour, the road was quiet, and my wife had wound back her seat and fallen asleep. I cannot say exactly where the sighting took place due to the poor visibility, but I believe I was nearer to the Barnsley end of the Woodhead Pass, possibly around the Board Hill area.
Whilst driving slowly, and trying to concentrate on the road, my attention was drawn skywards due to intermittent flashes of light which I assumed to be sheet lightning (though there was no accompanying sounds of thunder). It was whilst glancing skywards that I saw the nose of a huge black triangular craft push through the low cloud and mist. As the craft emerged further, I could see it was approximately 200-300 feet in length and width at its widest part. It travelled pointed end first, and was well illuminated around its undercarriage. The craft was moving at a speed of around 10 mph, and was approximately 200 feet above the road. On seeing the craft, I wound down my car window, but could hear only a very low (almost imperceptible) humming sound. I could see that the craft was of a solid construction (not inflatable). This fact, the slow speed, and quietness gave the craft an eerie impression. I have little knowledge of aerodynamics, but even I knew that conventionally something so big and solid should be traveling at hundreds of miles an hour in order to stay aloft. (Therefore, to my mind, it was somehow defying gravity).
As previously stated the undercarriage was well illuminated with a large white light at each corner, and a light in the center. The undercarriage also appeared recessed, and I could see some sort of superstructure. As the craft passed above, I slowed the car to a virtual stop, and leaned out of the driver’s side window. The side of the craft appeared to have several illuminated windows, and at one of the windows I saw two to three figures that appeared to be human. (Certainly nothing about the figures made me think they were anything other than human, reinforcing my belief that the craft was a military project). I could see one of the figures either pointing or waving in my direction. Whilst watching the craft, it slowly and silently slipped back into the low cloud and disappeared. At this stage I drove off the road and climbed out of my car, but could see and hear nothing. By now my wife was awake, but too late to see the craft. I observed the craft for approximately 30 seconds which does not sound long, but believe me it was. I submit my story for your information, and would welcome any insight or comment from yourself. For obvious reasons, I do not make my story common knowledge, and I would be grateful if you kept my details private.
Regards, GS
Barnsley England
(name withheld by request of the primary witness)
Illustration of the November 22, 1985 Madison WI. Triangle. (Image credit: Michael Schratt)
(Image credit: Michael Schratt)
The question all of us need to be asking here is would extraterrestrials by flying around in our atmosphere using triangular shaped craft with “tubes and pipes” on their bottom surfaces? It’s interesting to note that during the Hudson Valley Boomerang wave (1982-1989), many eyewitnesses reported seeing “huge metallic beams” on the underside of the craft. Others reported seeing “metal type work, like cross-beams, and tubular things hanging down here and there.” A similar looking mechanical under-structure featuring “tubes and pipes” was also identified on the bottom surface of the triangular shaped craft during the Belgium wave of 1989-1990.
In addition, during the January 5, 2000, southern Illinois triangle sightings, Shiloh police officer David Martin described seeing what he called “building blocks” and “plumbing pipes” on the bottom of the craft that he observed. What on earth could these pipes be used for? What is their exact function? One possible explanation could be that they are being utilized as liquid nitrogen cooling pipes to chill a super-conductor or liquid mercury plasma. These pipes would be used to cool the central “core” of the craft, which may explain the “donut shaped” or circular opening seen by multiple eyewitnesses. In fact, it appears that due to their placement, these pipes not only cool the central portion of these vehicles but the entire craft itself as one fully integrated unit. It seems clear that the material used to manufacture these triangular shaped craft is truly of an exotic nature. This is because materials must be in an extremely low energy state (very cold) to become “superconductive.” Of course, this requires a tremendous amount of energy or electrical power to achieve, which may explain the low frequency “humming” sound heard by multiple eyewitnesses in the vicinity of these craft. The cryogenic equipment associated with these objects produce extremely powerful electromagnetic fields around the craft which may explain the reports of strange effects such as radio static, and automobile engines mysteriously turning off and coming back on when the craft departs.
Are we hearing the effects of an electrical transformer associated with these vehicles? Multiple reports from Belgium, New York, Connecticut and Southern Illinois indicate that these triangular shaped objects fly/float/hover virtually silently, but in many cases, emit a sound similar to a “sewing machine,” or a “machine shop running in the distance.” Has the American aerospace industry finally achieved the “Holy Grail” of aviation by constructing triangular shaped craft that utilize an onboard power source (possibly a nuclear reactor), in conjunction with high voltage electrical transformers which supply the necessary power to chill the core of a superconductor? These craft would lack the wings, propellers, jet engines, and control surfaces of standard aircraft, and could mimic the form fit and function of “extraterrestrial UFOs.”
Illustration of the November 1985 Yorktown Heights Triangle. (Image credit: Michael Schratt)
Yorktown Heights Triangle enlargement illustration. (Image credit: Michael Schratt)
Stadium Triangle drawing. (Image credit: Michael Schratt)
It was November of 1985 when Yorktown Heights NY resident Maureen Davis had a genuinely incredible night-time encounter with a massive shaped triangular object which was described as being the size of a “football stadium.” She had been parked at the intersection of Route 132 and Oakside Road waiting for her husband to get off the bus. Then, Maureen noticed something strange in the sky towards the northeast. It appeared to be a massive isosceles triangular-shaped “thing” that was hovering silently near what seemed to be the Lake Osceola area. To her amazement, the bottom of the craft opened up, and she got a very rare glimpse of the interior. She described seeing multiple levels of lights on the inside (similar to a multi-story terrace-shaped apartment complex). After approximately three minutes, a pulsating red light flew up into the opening, and the circular “hatch” disappeared. The strange triangular shaped object then appeared to speed away at incredible speed, without causing a sonic boom. (Reference In The Night Sky Page 38 by Linda Zimmermann). So, what did Maureen Davis see? Was it an extraterrestrial spacecraft from another world? Or, was it something that had a more “earthly” explanation? Let’s examine one feature of this encounter. Specifically, the craft’s departure. Many times, in UFO cases, we hear of the craft departing like a “spark off of a grinding wheel.” In other cases, we read of UFOs accelerating with “fantastic speed”, without generating a sonic boom. Could there be a “down to earth explanation” to these flight characteristics? As an aircraft reaches supersonic speeds, it creates shock waves, and a tremendous amount of aerodynamic heat builds up on its surface. To combat this heating, the space shuttle orbiter uses thermal resistant tiles throughout its entire airframe. However, this approach could only be considered a “band-aid” fix at best. In 1967, the Norair Division of Northrop began experimenting with highly charged electrostatic fields on a metal test probe. The results of these studies concluded that an aircraft’s “sonic boom footprint” and could be significantly reduced or eliminated entirely. They also discovered that the problems associated with supersonic heating could also be drastically lowered. Obviously, these breakthroughs could have potentially incredible military applications to advanced aircraft. Now, factor in the billions of dollars spent each year on classified “black” programs, and its entirely within the capability of the American aerospace industry to design built and fly aircraft that could be mistaken for “extraterrestrial” UFOs. Ref: AIAA (American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Technical Paper No. 68-24 published January 23, 1968)
Cardstock model of March 31, 1999 Kirby England Triangle. (Image credit: Michael Schratt)
Bottom surface of the March 31, 1999 Kirby England Triangle. (Image credit: Michael Schratt)
It was March 31, 1999, when Colin Saunders and three others were driving along the Old Fosse Way near the village of Monks Kirby when they noticed a group of lights off to the left that was approximately 200 feet in the air. As they got closer, they could see four red light that were at an angle of about 30 degrees. Incredibly, a diamond shaped outline seemed to appear around the lights. At this point, the strange craft tipped up vertically “like an airship or submarine” in slow motion as though it were underwater. By now, the craft had fully materialized into a triangular shape. The surface of the craft appeared to have a dark grey liquid mercury appearance that “rippled” up and down its surface. However, the most interesting feature of the unknown object were multiple “raised box-like sections” that extruded from the top. Mr. Saunders never got a look at the bottom of the vehicle but noticed the identical “box-like” pattern on the bottom of a sketch drawn by one eyewitness of a triangle that was seen in Belgium during 1993. He surmised that this might have been the same or similar series of craft. Could these unique features be part of a “heat sink” or cooling apparatus similar to the mechanical “tubes, pipes and cylinders” which were seen on the bottom of the Belgium triangle between 1989-1990? (Source: Triangular Perspectives by Colin Saunders)
Belgium Triangle illustration by John MacNeill
Belgium Triangle drawing. (Image credit: Michael Schratt)
Starting in November of 1989, thousands of eyewitnesses in Belgium began seeing triangular shaped UFOs that appeared to hover over the town of Eupen. These witnesses included multiple gendarmes (national police). The triangular craft were described as being “as big as a football field,” and having a bright spotlight at each corner, with an amber colored light in the center. The UFOs were reported to be flying slowly silently over rooftops, and beaming high-intensity searchlights onto the ground. Later, on March 30, 1990, two Belgian F-16s were scrambled to intercept the unknown aircraft. The object was confirmed to be a “hard target” by at least three ground-based radar stations, and two onboard radars within the fighter aircraft which came within 12 miles of the UFO. According to a military official, these UFOs “exceeded the limits of conventional aviation.” In a highly publicized press conference, Belgian Air Force Col. Wilfred De Brouwer stated that the UFO dived from 10,000 to 4,000 feet in two seconds (equivalent to 40 G’s), and accelerated from 600 to 1,100 mph at the same time. The bottom surface of the craft appeared to have a very mechanical looking configuration which included tubes, pipes, cylinders and crisscross effects. As mentioned earlier in this report, these may be associated with the cooling of a superconductor or rotating plasma. Could this have been an extraterrestrial spacecraft? According to a police officer (Brig. Heinrich Nicholl) who saw the craft over Eupen, he assessed that the craft was a “very sophisticated and ultra-secret military project.” Students of this line research will recall the comments of the late Ben Rich who stated in 1995 that “we have things out in the desert that are 50 years beyond what you can comprehend.”Obviously well within the time-frame of the Belgium Triangle sightings of 1989- 1990. (Ref: Associated Press Report 7/12/1990, New York Tribune 11/15/1990, Wall Street Journal 10/10/1990)
Drawing of the Helena Missouri triangle by Michael Schratt. (based off of the original sketch provided by the primary eyewitness)
Cardstock model of the March 5, 2003 Helena Missouri triangle. (Image credit: Michael Schratt)
The following short note was sent to the Center for UFO Studies and addressed to Dr. J. Allen Hynek almost two decades after he passed on April 27, 1986. It has been reproduced in this report for the very first time.
1/17/05
Mr. Hynek,
Dear Sir,
I don’t know what this ship is, but I was in the Navy, and I have never in my life ever seen anything as this. The government knows more than they say they know, I’m sure. The American public knows it’s the truth, and we as a nation will keep fighting for our right to know. Some of us already know, even at Roswell and Area 51, where the truth is out there. I will never forget what I saw and heard that night. I know of someone else who saw it as well.
Yours Truly,
Respectfully submitted,
M.M.
Helena Missouri
Author’s special note: During my three-year investigation of the over 60,000 UFO cases which comprise the CUFOS (Center for UFO Studies) archives, I uncovered many incidents which included a detailed report, and a sketch drawn by the primary eyewitness. Some of these cases had been buried for up to 30 years, and have never seen the light of day. One such example dated January 17, 2005, referenced a sighting of a massive triangular UFO which was seen on March 5, 2003, at 9:50 P.M. in Helena Missouri. The witness described an encounter with a gigantic superstructure looking triangular craft that measured approximately one football field in length, and about two stories high. The sighting lasted about 10 minutes and occurred off the front porch of his house. According to the witness, as the craft flew overhead, it “made pictures fall off the living room wall, and shook the whole house.” The unusual UFO featured a large “fluorescent” light on the bottom that intermittently flashed every 15 seconds. Near the end of each corner, a bright steady light was also observed.
The entire craft appeared to be covered with a “glass frame,” which may have been some type of transparent panels. He also described a “walkway” complete with a “railing.” In addition, the primary eyewitness stressed multiple times that the craft was made of what he termed “rusty looking old bridge steel.” The structural configuration of craft appeared similar to the criss-cross bracing found on the supporting towers of the George Washington Bridge which spans the Hudson River and is located between New York and New Jersey. He also clearly described seeing “rivets from an old bridge” which appeared to be used to fasten the entire craft together. Although the witness stated the craft was “not from this world,” a careful examination of his original sketch points to an earthly origin. The crossbeam and girder construction, in conjunction with regularly spaced “rusty rivets” is clear evidence of human-made technology. In addition, the use of a “walkway,” glass frame, and flashing lights support an earthly explanation. Of particular note is the fact that a French fighter pilot over Europe also saw a similar craft exhibiting triangular superstructure on the night of November 5, 1990, as highlighted on page 290 of Timothy Good’s book: Earth, an Alien Enterprise.
Boomerangs:
Hudson Valley Boomerang illustration by Tom Bogan
Monique O’Driscoll was driving home near Kent NY on the night of February 26, 1983, when her daughter who was with her noticed some strange lights on a nearby hill. The lights appeared to be hovering, but then started moving to the east at about 15 mph. By now, Monique could discern that the lights were connected to some type wing shaped dark mass. The lights were very bright and appeared to be red, white, blue and yellow. The unknown object then moved towards the vicinity of White Pond, and Monique stepped on the accelerator to catch up with it. When they arrived at the pond which was frozen at the time, Monique stopped her vehicle and noticed through her windshield that the craft passed directly over her car. At this point, she saw that the lights on the craft appeared to be flashing in sequence up and down its “wings.” It then moved over an area of the pond about 200 feet from shore. It was hovering no more than 30 feet high, and Monique could see the brilliantly flashing lights reflecting off the frozen pond below.
She also noticed that the craft was entirely silent, and stated that she could see “the underbelly part. It’s solid. It had metal-type work, like cross-beams and tubular things hanging down here and there. I was so close I could’ve thrown a ball and hit it.” This author also uncovered a rare letter from well-known researcher and lecturer Stanton Friedman which is worth highlighting in part. “I have always been bothered by the Westchester County sightings because I never heard of actions that would label the technology alien. Wings in outer space could only be decoration, but do of course match an earthling approach.”(Source: Reporter Dispatch White Plains NY September 11, 1983, Philadelphia Inquirer September 28, 1984, Letter from Stanton Friedman to Tony Gonsalves January 17, 1990)
Hudson Valley Boomerang illustration by Tom Bogan
March 24, 1983 Taconic State Parkway illustration by John MacNeill
Illustration of airborne relocatable over-the-horizon radar system by Tom Bogan (Composite panels removed for clarity exposing interior structure)
On the night of March 24, 1983, hundreds of motorists driving along the Taconic State Parkway (NY) observed a massive “V” or boomerang shaped craft. Drivers pulled off to the side of the road, slammed on their brakes, and got out of their vehicles to observed the unknown object which was hovering silently at tree-top level. The craft appeared to be making a “zig-zag” flight path as it headed north towards Yorktown Heights. Multiple witnesses described seeing a powerful white spotlight beaming down from the craft to the cars below. The mysterious craft seen making 180 degree flat turns without banking. Others who were directly below the object stated that they could see “pipes, beams or cylinders” on its lower surface. In addition, multiple witnesses reported seeing what looked like “transparent panels” revealing an interior mechanical structure resembling the crossbeam and girder construction similar to that of a truss bridge. (Source: Patent Trader Mt. Kisco NY March 25, 1983, Reporter Dispatch White Plains NY September 11, 1983, Danbury Item Port Chester NY March 26, 1983)
What did the over 25,000 eyewitnesses observe during the Hudson Valley Boomerang wave of 1982-1989? Did they see an “alien” spacecraft or something that was built by the U.S. Navy? It’s interesting to note that the March 24, 1983 sighting took place exactly 24 hours after President Ronald Reagan give his address to the nation outlining his plans for the so-called “Star Wars” or SDI (Strategic Defense Initiative). Could there be a connection? During the Reagan era (1981-1989), multiple black programs excelled and became operational. One of these could have been a mobile airborne relocatable over-the-horizon radar system which was designed to track and monitor incoming Soviet ICBMs. This system would be completely impervious to a Russian missile attack, and addresses virtually all of the flight characteristics observed by witnesses of the Hudson Valley UFO wave. It’s time for the field of Ufology to overcome its “UFO bias” and carefully examine every possible earthly explanation before concluding that a UFO is extraterrestrial in origin.
In 2003, Oscar Munoz found a mummy in the Atacama Desert ghost town of La Noria. The six-inch-long mummy, now called Ata, has an elongated skull, oddly shaped eye sockets, and only ten pairs of ribs... which helped fuel wild speculation that she was an alien hybrid. Ata was sold several times—probably illegally—and ended up in the private collection of Barcelona entrepreneur and UFO enthusiast Ramón Navia-Osorio. A 2013 documentary called Sirius soon helped immortalize Ata, focusing heavily on the alien hybrid claims.
When a team led by University of California, San Francisco bioinformatics researcher Sanchita Bhattacharya recently sequenced the tiny mummy’s genome, however, it revealed only a girl of Chilean descent. There were a complicated set of genetic mutations, including some usually associated with bone and growth disorders and a few more that have never been described before. Those mutations, the researchers claim, may help explain her unusual appearance.
It’s easy to see why the team's March paper attracted so much interest: a high-profile urban legend was fully debunked at last, but now there were hints at compelling medical discoveries. Most press outlets presented the results as conclusive, cut-and-dried science—except for a few UFO fan sites that loudly insisted the study was part of a cover-up. But even beyond the extraterrestrial exchanges, things have gotten very complicated, both in terms of the scientific claims and in terms of whether the research should have been done at all.
A scientific controversy
The complaints started only three days after Bhattacharya and her colleagues, including Stanford University immunologist Garry Nolan, published their paper in Genome Research. Chilean microbiologist Cristina Dorador of the University of Antofagasta published an article on Chilean science news site Etilmercurio, criticizing the geneticists for working with samples obtained from a mummy that had probably been illegally smuggled out of Chile. By March 28, TheNew York Timesreported that the Chilean National Monuments Council had launched an official inquiry into the provenance of the remains, and Chilean anthropologists and archaeologists criticized the ethics of the study and called for a retraction of the paper.
Nolan and co-author Atul Butte, a computational biologist at the University of California, San Francisco, published a response in the journal Genome Research on March 30, defending the ethics and scientific merits of their work. The journal also issued a statement defending their ethical standards and decision to publish. But now a group of anthropologists is challenging not only the ethics but the science behind the study.
This group, led by University of Otago bioarchaeologist Siân Halcrow, claims that Ata’s appearance was never actually that unusual—if you know what the bones of a human fetus are supposed to look like halfway through gestation. And if they’re right, it means the genetic study was unnecessary in the first place to prove Ata’s humanity or to understand the appearance of her bones.
Bones of contention
“There is nothing about Ata that suggests she is anything but a mummified human fetus,” bioarchaeologist Kristina Killgrove of the University of West Florida and the Ronin Institute told Ars. “Her body looks like a normal fetus around the mid-point of development and most likely represents a miscarriage.”
Fetal skeletons don’t look quite like fully developed infants. A fetus’ 11th and 12th ribs often haven’t developed by the middle of a pregnancy, for instance. And the process of passing through the birth canal tends to compress babies’ skulls into a slightly elongated, cone-like shape. Combine that with processes at work on the body after burial, the archaeologists say, and Ata’s appearance makes perfect sense.
This argument first emerged in 2013, when Nolan announced the results of an initial genetic study to Science Magazine. Stony Brook University School of Medicine anatomist William Jungers, in an interview at the time, remarked, “Genetic anomalies are not evident, probably because there aren't any.” Jungers is now part of Halcrow’s group.
What about the mutations Bhattacharya and her colleagues found in Ata’s genome? Halcrow and her colleagues say that the ones usually associated with bone and growth disorders wouldn’t impact the appearance of Ata's skeleton so early in her development. And they argue that it could just be coincidence that the previously unidentified mutations turn up at locations associated with bone formation and growth. Mutations, especially ones that affect only a single DNA base, are surprisingly common. And generally, they have no effect on a person’s body because they occur in regions of DNA that don’t actually code for anything.
Although headlines have claimed that Bhattacharya and her colleagues found the genetic mutations that explain Ata's appearance, the researchers themselves have been much more cautious. In an interview with Ars prior to the study's publication, Bhattacharya said that it would take more work in the lab, possibly using mice as a model, to figure out whether these specific mutations actually cause any deformities.
By all accounts, the sky can be filled with myriad peculiar objects, from drones to experimental crafts, or others that some find difficult to explain.
Recently, a viewer saw something aloft over town that struck her as odd, and so she decided to log a report with the Mutual UFO Network, also commonly known as MUFON.
The reported sighting took place last June, some time between 5:45 and 6:15 p.m. in the vicinity of Route 3 and Interstate 495, and was logged in October.
“I was out in the open yard, which is flat, gravel and grass. i was standing, by my friend’s car, talking to her,” the report states. “Out of the corner of my eye I saw movement in the air and looked up. Both objects were in the air, not over 300 feet above and about 40 feet in front of me. Both objects were exactly alike.”
The report said, “The first object was in front, the second object was in the rear and maintained constant position from the first one, which was about 20ft behind and 30ft to the left of the first one, but not lower than the first. there was absolutely no sound.”
The two objects flew steadily, “almost as if there was a rod between them to keep them together and maintain status. My friend is handicapped and was unable to get out of the car in time to see them.”
The report also mentions a helicopter coming into nearby.
The viewer said she didn’t think to take a photo, noting that she does not take good photos. But, she said, “I too happy to finally see something I’ve never seen before. There were other people in the yard but no one looked up or paid attention, they were all talking to each other a few yards away. i have never seen any object in the sky in my entire life that looked like this.”
Eric Hartwig, the state director of the network’s Massachusetts chapter, said he contacted the woman, and noted that the organization does not reveal the identities of those who file reports.
A quest to know
Strictly speaking, UFO is simply an acronym for “unidentified flying object,” with no inference about the object’s nature or source.
The Mutual UFO Network follows up on reports, and sometimes sends an investigator to the site of the report. The goal is to check out the information objectively, and much of the time, the sighting is ruled to be something fairly ordinary, such as a manmade craft, a reflection of light, or a normal celestial object such as a planet or meteor.
In this case, Hartwig said he believes the phone interview was sufficient.
“She described two metallic objects, that had a lattice-like appearance, like under a porch,” Hartwig said. “The odd thing was, there was a garage or something in the area, and the guys are out there, a bunch of workers just hanging out. She is across the yard in the parking lot there.” It did not appear that the men saw the sighting, or that they were too engaged in conversation to notice anything unusual, Hartwig said.
The woman provided a drawing of what she saw.
Hartwig said, “What I mentioned to her was that from what she is describing, it sounds almost like an ion propulsion -- people will build these experimental things.”
Hartwig alluded to videos on YouTube showing demonstrations of such crafts, which he said can throw out a breeze. Often, the craft makers put aluminum foil around the crafts, “and it causes this ion effect, and that’s just what I thought of when she described it.”
The dimensions as described seemed small, said Hartwig. “It looked like a few feet thick. In other words, it didn’t look like it had the room for occupants, really,” Hartwig said.
‘Fact-based approach’
The tracking of UFOs is controversial both in popular culture and in the scientific community.
But Nancy Kotary, communications officer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s sHaystack Observatory in Westford, said, “We think that scientists are naturally curious and also want to identify unknown things. Wanting to identify things is in line with science.”
The observatory devotes most of its research to radioastronomy -- which is concerned with radio emissions from objects in space -- as well as atmospheric studies and studies of the ionosphere.
The ionosphere is the part of the atmosphere with a high concentration of ions and free electrons, and which is able to reflect radio waves.
Kotary said, “We take a science-based aproach, and don’t take too seriously things that can’t be proven.”
Kotary added, “We understanding wanting to know what something is. We just take a very fact-based approach.”
By all accounts, the sky can be filled with myriad peculiar objects, from drones to experimental crafts, or others that some find difficult to explain.
Recently, a viewer saw something aloft over town that struck her as odd, and so she decided to log a report with the Mutual UFO Network, also commonly known as MUFON.
The reported sighting took place last June, some time between 5:45 and 6:15 p.m. in the vicinity of Route 3 and Interstate 495, and was logged in October.
“I was out in the open yard, which is flat, gravel and grass. i was standing, by my friend’s car, talking to her,” the report states. “Out of the corner of my eye I saw movement in the air and looked up. Both objects were in the air, not over 300 feet above and about 40 feet in front of me. Both objects were exactly alike.”
The report said, “The first object was in front, the second object was in the rear and maintained constant position from the first one, which was about 20ft behind and 30ft to the left of the first one, but not lower than the first. there was absolutely no sound.”
The two objects flew steadily, “almost as if there was a rod between them to keep them together and maintain status. My friend is handicapped and was unable to get out of the car in time to see them.”
The report also mentions a helicopter coming into nearby.
The viewer said she didn’t think to take a photo, noting that she does not take good photos. But, she said, “I too happy to finally see something I’ve never seen before. There were other people in the yard but no one looked up or paid attention, they were all talking to each other a few yards away. i have never seen any object in the sky in my entire life that looked like this.”
Eric Hartwig, the state director of the network’s Massachusetts chapter, said he contacted the woman, and noted that the organization does not reveal the identities of those who file reports.
A quest to know
Strictly speaking, UFO is simply an acronym for “unidentified flying object,” with no inference about the object’s nature or source.
The Mutual UFO Network follows up on reports, and sometimes sends an investigator to the site of the report. The goal is to check out the information objectively, and much of the time, the sighting is ruled to be something fairly ordinary, such as a manmade craft, a reflection of light, or a normal celestial object such as a planet or meteor.
In this case, Hartwig said he believes the phone interview was sufficient.
“She described two metallic objects, that had a lattice-like appearance, like under a porch,” Hartwig said. “The odd thing was, there was a garage or something in the area, and the guys are out there, a bunch of workers just hanging out. She is across the yard in the parking lot there.” It did not appear that the men saw the sighting, or that they were too engaged in conversation to notice anything unusual, Hartwig said.
The woman provided a drawing of what she saw.
Hartwig said, “What I mentioned to her was that from what she is describing, it sounds almost like an ion propulsion -- people will build these experimental things.”
Hartwig alluded to videos on YouTube showing demonstrations of such crafts, which he said can throw out a breeze. Often, the craft makers put aluminum foil around the crafts, “and it causes this ion effect, and that’s just what I thought of when she described it.”
The dimensions as described seemed small, said Hartwig. “It looked like a few feet thick. In other words, it didn’t look like it had the room for occupants, really,” Hartwig said.
‘Fact-based approach’
The tracking of UFOs is controversial both in popular culture and in the scientific community.
But Nancy Kotary, communications officer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s sHaystack Observatory in Westford, said, “We think that scientists are naturally curious and also want to identify unknown things. Wanting to identify things is in line with science.”
The observatory devotes most of its research to radioastronomy -- which is concerned with radio emissions from objects in space -- as well as atmospheric studies and studies of the ionosphere.
The ionosphere is the part of the atmosphere with a high concentration of ions and free electrons, and which is able to reflect radio waves.
Kotary said, “We take a science-based aproach, and don’t take too seriously things that can’t be proven.”
Kotary added, “We understanding wanting to know what something is. We just take a very fact-based approach.”
We have been searching for life on other space globes, including our natural satellite, Moon and our closest neighbor, Mars.
Moon is the only place after Earth where we, the humans have walked. The purpose was to find out if our moon can host life!
Space agencies are planning to land humans on Mars, too, in the near future to dig out the traces of life. NASA and their European counterparts are also extending their search for extraterrestrial life on some of the moons of Jupiter, Saturn and a few dwarf planets such as Ceres. These strange rocks have many awesome characteristics to support life.
Scientists and space watchers have time and again created the sensation with their not-so-reliable findings.
According to many conspiracy theories, aliens are already in contact with humans. If that is true, how easy it is for us to identify extraterrestrial life on Earth and in the outer space?
Finds of a Spanish University
A Spanish journal “Acta Astronautica” recently published a report about the finds of a study done by researchers at the University of Cádiz, Spain. A group of people was asked to spot the (signs of) human-made structures on alien land, and most of them spotted Earth-like creatures such as the famous waving gorilla or the (illusion of) human face on the top of a volcanic mountain on Mars.
Humans are so biased and have such a narrow definition of extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI) that it is hard for them to believe that aliens can be present in any form and may have an entirely different DNA or physical structure.
The reason behind the definition of ETI we have is basically the science fictions we read or watch. The visual representation of aliens has made us believe that aliens are an advanced version of humans. However, the fact can be miles away from our belief.
Telescopes and radio antennas to receive alien signals
NASA and other agencies have installed large radio telescopes to see and receive alien frequencies.
Amoeboid found below the thick frozen layer of water on a distant planet can also be an example of extraterrestrial life. Can single-celled creatures send radio signals or can it be spotted through a large city-sized telescope in the Earth’s orbit? Are the technology and approach we use to #search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) really alien friendly? Are they advanced enough to spot aliens?
Characteristically, we have been searching for blue-red human-like creatures that we see in our movies. But, we need to understand that not every living thing in the universe can be a mirror image of creatures living on the Earth.
It’s all about the limitations of our imagination, say the researchers at the Spanish University.
The need is to broaden our search criteria to find brainy aliens. We need to peep into multiple directions following a multidisciplinary approach. But, what remains unquestioned here is, are we really open for that? Should we really contact aliens? #Alien life#how to spot an alien
Humans have been speculating about their existence for thousands of years, but ours is the 1st generation to know, with certainty, that exoplanets are really out there.
The Milky Way, our own galaxy, stretches across the sky above the La Silla telescope in Chile. Hidden inside our own galaxy are trillions of planets, most waiting to be found.
Step outside on a clear night, and you can be sure of something our ancestors could only imagine: Every star you see likely plays host to at least one planet.
The worlds orbiting other stars are called exoplanets, and they come in a wide variety of sizes, from gas giants larger than Jupiter to small, rocky planets about as big around as Earth or Mars. They can be hot enough to boil metal or locked in deep freeze. They can orbit their stars so tightly that a year lasts only a few days; they can orbit two suns at once. Some exoplanets are sunless rogues, wandering through the galaxy in permanent darkness.
That galaxy, the Milky Way, is the thick stream of stars that cuts across the sky on the darkest, clearest nights. Its spiraling expanse probably contains about 400 billion stars, our sun among them. And if each of those stars has not just one planet, but, like ours, a whole system of them, then the number of planets in the galaxy is truly astronomical: We’re already heading into the trillions.
This rocky super-Earth is an illustration of the type of planets future telescopes, like TESS and James Webb, hope to find outside our solar system.
Image via ESO/M. Kornmesser
We humans have been speculating about such possibilities for thousands of years, but ours is the first generation to know, with certainty, that exoplanets are really out there. In fact, way out there. Our nearest neighboring star, Proxima Centauri, was recently found to possess at least one planet – probably a rocky one. It’s 4.5 light-years away – more than 25 trillion miles (40 trillion km). The bulk of exoplanets found so far are hundreds or thousands of light-years away.
The bad news: As yet we have no way to reach them, and won’t be leaving footprints on them anytime soon. The good news: We can look in on them, take their temperatures, taste their atmospheres and, perhaps one day soon, detect signs of life that might be hidden in pixels of light captured from these dim, distant worlds.
The first exoplanet to burst upon the world stage was 51 Pegasi b, a hot Jupiter 50 light-years away that is locked in a four-day orbit around its star. The watershed year was 1995. All of a sudden, exoplanets were a thing.
When a planet passes directly between its star and an observer, it dims the star’s light by a measurable amount.
Video via NASA/JPL-Caltech
But a few hints had already emerged. A planet now known as Tadmor was detected in 1988, though the discovery was withdrawn in 1992. Ten years later, more and better data showed definitively that it was really there after all.
And a system of three pulsar planets also had been detected, beginning in 1992. These planets orbit a pulsar some 2,300 light-years away. Pulsars are the high-density, rapidly spinning corpses of dead stars, raking any planets in orbit around them with searing lances of radiation.
Now we live in a universe of exoplanets. The count of confirmed planets is 3,700, and rising. That’s from only a small sampling of the galaxy as a whole. The count could rise to the tens of thousands within a decade, as we increase the number, and observing power, of robotic telescopes lofted into space.
How did we get here?
We’re standing on a precipice of scientific history. The era of early exploration, and the first confirmed exoplanet detections, is giving way to the next phase: sharper and more sophisticated telescopes, in space and on the ground. They will go broad but also drill down. Some will be tasked with taking an ever more precise population census of these far-off worlds, nailing down their many sizes and types. Others will make a closer inspection of individual planets, their atmospheres, and their potential to harbor some form of life.
Direct imaging of exoplanets – that is, actual pictures – will play an increasingly larger role, though we’ve arrived at our present state of knowledge mostly through indirect means. The two main methods rely on wobbles and shadows. The wobble method, called radial velocity, watches for the telltale jitters of stars as they are pulled back and forth by the gravitational tugs of an orbiting planet. The size of the wobble reveals the weight, or mass, of the planet.
This evocative movie of four planets more massive than Jupiter orbiting the young star HR 8799 is a composite of sorts, including images taken over seven years at the W.M. Keck observatory in Hawaii.
Image via Jason Wang/Christian Marois.
This method produced the very first confirmed exoplanet detections, including 51 Peg b in 1995, discovered by astronomers Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz. Ground telescopes using the radial velocity method have discovered nearly 700 planets so far.
But the vast majority of exoplanets have been found by searching for shadows: the incredibly tiny dip in the light from a star when a planet crosses its face. Astronomers call this crossing a transit.
The size of the dip in starlight reveals how big around the transiting planet is. Unsurprisingly, this search for planetary shadows is known as the transit method.
NASA’s Kepler space telescope, launched in 2009, has found nearly 2,700 confirmed exoplanets this way. Now in its K2 mission, Kepler is still discovering new planets, though its fuel is expected to run out soon.
Each method has its pluses and minuses. Wobble detections provide the mass of the planet, but give no information about the planet’s girth, or diameter. Transit detections reveal the diameter but not the mass.
But when multiple methods are used together, we can learn the vital statistics of whole planetary systems – without ever directly imaging the planets themselves. The best example so far is the TRAPPIST-1 system about 40 light-years away, where seven roughly Earth-sized planets orbit a small, red star.
The TRAPPIST-1 planets have been examined with ground and space telescopes. The space-based studies revealed not only their diameters, but the subtle gravitational influence these seven closely packed planets have upon each other; from this, scientists determined each planet’s mass.
So now we know their masses and their diameters. We also know how much of the energy radiated by their star strikes these planets’ surfaces, allowing scientists to estimate their temperatures. We can even make reasonable estimates of the light level, and guess at the color of the sky, if you were standing on one of them. And while much remains unknown about these seven worlds, including whether they possess atmospheres or oceans, ice sheets or glaciers, it’s become the best-known solar system apart from our own.
Where are we going?
The next generation of space telescopes is upon us. First up was Wednesday’s launch of TESS, the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. This extraordinary instrument will take a nearly full-sky survey of the closer, brighter stars to look for transiting planets. Kepler, the past master of transits, will be passing the torch of discovery to TESS.
TESS, in turn, will reveal the best candidates for a closer look with the James Webb Space Telescope, currently scheduled to launch in 2020. The Webb telescope, deploying a giant, segmented, light-collecting mirror that will ride on a shingle-like platform, is designed to capture light directly from the planets themselves. The light then can be split into a multi-colored spectrum, a kind of bar code showing which gases are present in the planet’s atmosphere. Webb’s targets might include super Earths, or planets larger than Earth but smaller than Neptune – some that could be rocky planets like super-sized versions of our own.
An illustration of the different missions and observatories in NASA’s exoplanet program, both present and future.
Image via NASA.
Little is known about these big planets, including whether some might be suitable for life. If we’re very lucky, perhaps one of them will show signs of oxygen, carbon dioxide and methane in its atmosphere. Such a mix of gases would remind us strongly of our own atmosphere, possibly indicating the presence of life.
But hunting for Earth-like atmospheres on Earth-sized exoplanets will probably have to wait for a future generation of even more powerful space probes in the 2020s or 2030s.
Thanks to the Kepler telescope’s statistical survey, we know the stars above are rich with planetary companions. And as we stare up at the night sky, we can be sure not only of a vast multitude of exoplanet neighbors, but of something else: The adventure is just beginning.
Bottom line: Worlds orbiting other stars are called exoplanets. How we know they’re out there, plus the potential for finding more via the newly launched TESS mission.
“It’s the beginning of a new era of exoplanet research.”
The TESS planet hunter successfully launched on a SpaceX Falcon 9 Wednesday evening. TESS will search for new worlds outside our solar system for further study.
A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket successfully launched NASA’s TESS mission on Wednesday, April 18, 2018, from Space Launch Complex 40 (SLC-40) at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida. After a delayed launch on Monday, Wednesday’s launch took place at 6:51 p.m. EDT (22:51 UTC; translate UTC to your time). TESS – a first-of-its-kind mission to find worlds beyond our solar system, including some that could support life – was deployed into a highly elliptical orbit approximately 49 minutes after launch. At 7:53 p.m., the twin solar arrays that will power the spacecraft successfully deployed.
Following stage separation, SpaceX successfully landed Falcon 9’s first stage on the droneship Of Course I Still Love You in the Atlantic Ocean.
You can watch a replay of the launch webcast below.
TESS stands for Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. The two-year survey mission is expected to find thousands of new exoplanets – planets orbiting stars other than our sun – orbiting in our neighborhood of the Milky Way galaxy.
NASA✔@NASA
How many worlds exist outside our solar system? @NASA_TESS launched from planet Earth today at 6:51pm ET to hunt for planets around some of the closest & brightest stars. TESS will use 4 cameras to search nearly the entire sky for unknown worlds. More: http://go.nasa.gov/2HdnRqy
Over the course of several weeks, TESS will use six thruster burns to travel in a series of progressively elongated orbits to reach the moon, which will provide a gravitational assist so that TESS can transfer into its 13.7-day final science orbit around Earth. After approximately 60 days of check-out and instrument testing, the spacecraft will begin its work …
[For this mission] scientists divided the sky into 26 sectors. TESS will use four unique wide-field cameras to map 13 sectors encompassing the southern sky during its first year of observations and 13 sectors of the northern sky during the second year, altogether covering 85 percent of the sky.
TESS will be watching for phenomena called transits. A transit occurs when a planet passes in front of its star from the observer’s perspective, causing a periodic and regular dip in the star’s brightness. More than 78 percent of the approximately 3,700 confirmed exoplanets have been found using transits.
NASA’s Kepler spacecraft found more than 2,600 exoplanets, most orbiting faint stars between 300 and 3,000 light-years from Earth, using this same method of watching for transits. TESS will focus on stars between 30 and 300 light-years away and 30 to 100 times brighter than Kepler’s targets.
The brightness of these target stars will allow researchers to use spectroscopy, the study of the absorption and emission of light, to determine a planet’s mass, density and atmospheric composition. Water, and other key molecules, in its atmosphere can give us hints about a planet’s capacity to harbor life.
A transit happens when a planet crosses in front of its star as viewed from Earth. Transits by small, rocky planets produce a minute change in a star’s brightness (about 100 parts per million), lasting for 2 to 16 hours. If this tiny change happens again and again, on a regular schedule, it might indicate an orbiting exoplanet.
George Ricker is TESS principal investigator at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s (MIT) Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He explained:
One critical piece for the science return of TESS is the high data rate associated with its orbit. Each time the spacecraft passes close to Earth, it will transmit full-frame images taken with the cameras. That’s one of the unique things TESS brings that was not possible before.
Stephen Rinehart is TESS project scientist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. He said:
The targets TESS finds are going to be fantastic subjects for research for decades to come. It’s the beginning of a new era of exoplanet research.
Haven’t got enough yet? SpaceX livestreamed the launch, and you can watch a replay of this launch webcast below …
Bottom line: A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket successfully launched NASA’s TESS mission on Wednesday, April 18, 2018, from Space Launch Complex 40 (SLC-40) at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida. All systems appear to be go at this time.
A Mystery In History: When God Made Burning Sulfur Destroy Sodom And Gomorrah
A Mystery In History: When God Made Burning Sulfur Destroy Sodom And Gomorrah
“Then the Lord rained down burning sulfur on Sodom and Gomorrah—from the Lord out of the heavens. Thus he overthrew those cities and the entire plain, destroying all those living in the cities—and also the vegetation in the land…” (Source)
Sodom and Gomorrah were two ancient cities that, according to the Old Testament, were destroyed in ancient times by supernatural means.
The cities are described as two of the cities that were part of the biblical Pentapolis, located on the shores of the Dead Sea. Gomorrah was situated in the valley of Siddim next to the Dead Sea and was one of the five cities of the plain, along with Sodom, Adma, Zoar, and Zeboim.
The story of Sodom and Gomorrah takes place primarily in Genesis 19, where it is reported that God sentenced the destruction to these cities by the abject perversion of its inhabitants.
YHWH rained on Sodom, and Gomorrah brimstone and fire destroyed these cities and all the men in them.
“(Gn 19: 27-28) God decides to take the life he gave them, but before executing his sentence sends two angels to the city of Sodom with the mission of rescuing Lot and his people.
In this part of the scriptures, Gomorrah is not mentioned as part of the visits of the angels or that Lot had any connection with this neighboring city of Sodom.
The destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, John Martin, 1832.
Moses referred to the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah in Deuteronomy 29:22–23:
“Your children who follow you in later generations and foreigners who come from distant lands will see the calamities that have fallen on the land and the diseases with which the Lord has afflicted it. The whole land will be a burning waste of salt and sulfur—nothing planted, nothing sprouting, no vegetation growing on it. It will be like the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, Admah and Zeboyim, which the Lord overthrew in fierce anger.” —NIV
A wealth of information is available about the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah in various religious texts, including the Koran, where we find details of accounts that are a mixture of facts and myths.
The legends of Sodom and Gomorrah speak of peculiar personalities, angels and other deities who literally warned people to leave these doomed cities whose catastrophic fate was inevitable. These stories are a mixture of different accounts.
Many Biblical scholars would agree that Sodom and Gomorrah are probably two of the most infamous cities that may have existed on planet Earth.
These cities have been lost for millennia, and only in recent years, have the sites been tentatively identified by experts who have proposed dozens of different theories about these mystical cities and their fate.
But what really happened here and what do the stories tell? What has been written down?
Here are some of the things we have to know when talking about Sodom and Gomorrah
The Bible tells the story of what happened:
(Genesis 18:20; 19: 24-26.28)
24 Then the Lord rained down burning sulfur on Sodom and Gomorrah—from the Lord out of the heavens. 25 Thus he overthrew those cities and the entire plain, destroying all those living in the cities—and also the vegetation in the land. 26 But Lot’s wife looked back, and she became a pillar of salt.
27 Early the next morning Abraham got up and returned to the place where he had stood before the Lord. 28 He looked down toward Sodom and Gomorrah, toward all the land of the plain, and he saw dense smoke rising from the land, like smoke from a furnace.
Sodom and Gomorrah being destroyed in the background of Lucas van Leyden’s 1520 painting Lot and his Daughters.
Their Geographical location remains disrupted. However, some experts believe that the ancient cities of Sodom and Gomorrah are Bab edh-Dhra and Numeira, two adjacent archeological sites said by some to be the two cities’ locations.
Bab edh-Dhra is the site of an Early Bronze Age settlement located near the Dead Sea, on the south bank of Wadi Kerak. Some biblical scholars argue that this was the ancient city of “Sodom”. Other archaeologists disagree.
The archaeological site of Numeira is, according to some scholars, the location of the city of Gomorra.
It has been argued that Numeira approximates the alleged biblical city of Gomorrah, although other several scholars have countered these claims, arguing that it is in the wrong geographical area, and is not within the designated timeframe.
And while the location of these two important historic cities remains a mystery for experts, ancient astronaut theorists suggest that Sodom and Gomorrah are the Hiroshima and Nagasaki of the distant past, 4000 years ago.
Some ancient astronaut theorists believe that these ancient accounts, described in the Bible and other religious texts indicate the presence of supernatural beings present on Earth, and how these two cities were destroyed, not by God’s wrath, but by the use of extremely advanced weaponry, brought to Earth by beings, not from Earth.
The Area where Sodom And Gomorra were allegedly located is also particularly interesting.
The Dead Sea’s surface and shores are 429 meters (1,407 ft) below sea level, representing Earth’s lowest elevation on land.
The Dead Sea is 304 m (997 ft) deep, which makes it the deepest hypersaline lake in the world.
With 34.2% salinity, The Dead Sea also happens to be one of the world’s saltiest bodies of water, though Lake Vanda in Antarctica (35%), Lake Assal in Djibouti (34.8%) in Jordan and many smaller rivers flow into the Dead Sea.
The Jordan river has a major importance in Judaism and Christianity and, to a more moderate degree, Islam. It is said to be the site where the Israelites crossed into the Promised Land and where John the Baptist baptized Jesus of Nazareth.
Interestingly, according to scientific measurements, evaporation under the burning sun occurs on the surface of the Dead Sea at a speed of more than 230 million cubic feet per day.
As noted by Arab tradition, there are many poisonous gases evaporating from the lake that are so hazardous that birds cannot fly over it.
Is ‘alien UFO’ seen near Area 51 a firing range used to test top-secret weapons?
Is ‘alien UFO’ seen near Area 51 a firing range used to test top-secret weapons?
Jasper Hamill
Alien hunters may be disappointed by the latest theory about mystery structure
(Photo: Google Maps)
The merest mention of a strange sighting at a secret military test base is enough to set internet conspiracy theorists aquiver.
Now UFO hunters are struggling to explain why a strange structure shaped like an ‘alien UFO’ has been built outside a naval research facility about 500 miles away from the mysterious Area 51.
Since we first revealed the location of a weird object spotted on Google Maps, readers have been getting in touch to give their own theories about the structure.
It’s been suggested that the spaceship-shaped construction is merely a cess-pit or fish farm.
Some alien hunters believe it’s a message to the stars, whilst others claim it’s a prop destined to be used in a fake extraterrestrial invasion – which is certainly an imaginative explanation.
weird structure was spotted some 500 miles from Area 51
(Photo: Google Maps)
Now we’ve received the most compelling theory about the structure: it’s an artificial lake used to test weapons.
This theory is backed up by the fact there appear to be loads of tanks dotted around the desert nearby, as well as rusty-looking aeroplanes.
Several boats can be seen near the mystery object itself. Seeing as you don’t generally find boats in the desert, it’s a fair bet they are being used for more than just fishing trips.
However, we have been unable to find a similar structure at other American military bases using Google Maps satellite images.
Test ranges tend to look fairly strange, as you can see in the pictures below, with some looking as if they are crop circle-style messages to aliens.
But if you see a weird structure near a military base, it’s reasonable to expect it’s being used to help devise new and improved ways of blowing things up.
Pinecastle Impact Range, in Florida
(Photo: Google Maps)
White Sands Missile Range, in New Mexico, site of the first atomic bomb tests
(Photo: Google Maps)
Delamere Air Weapons Range in Australia
(Photo: Google Maps)
‘It’s a Navy target range lake,’ a reader wrote.
‘They float targets in it and then make them go away. Take off the tin foil hats, stop gargling vinegar and step away from the conspiracy theories.
‘The long structure jutting into the water is a ramp, there is a boat alongside and it’s on a bombing and testing range owned by the US Navy.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:ALIEN LIFE, UFO- CRASHES, ABDUCTIONS, MEN IN BLACK, ed ( FR. , NL; E )
UFO Legacy: What Impact Will Revelation of Secret Government Program Have?
UFO Legacy: What Impact Will Revelation of Secret Government Program Have?
By Leonard David, Space.com's Space Insider Columnist
Believers in aliens visiting Earth's friendly skies via Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOs) couldn't ask for more: A secretive government group backed by federal "black money," a talkative former U.S. military intelligence official, fighter-jet video of odd objects doing out-of-this-world maneuvers and a space mogul purportedly housing leftovers of unidentified aerial craft.
It all has the feel of sliding open a top drawer in a new "X-Files" TV episode.
Yes, "the truth is out there," a maxim made all the stranger by reports last month by both The New York Times and Politico Magazine of the secretive Advanced Aviation Threat Identification Program, or AATIP for short. Along with the reporting, a video was released by the Department of Defense showing a 2004 encounter near San Diego involving two Navy F/A-18F fighter jets and an unknown object. [UFO Watch: 8 Times the Government Looked for Flying Saucers]
Behind the scenes
AATIP was originated by then-United States Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-Nev.), who garnered taxpayer dollars to start the program in 2007, along with the support of the late senators Daniel Inouye (D-Hawaii) and Ted Stevens (R-Alaska).
But behind the scenes is Robert Bigelow of Bigelow Aerospace, a Harry Reid political donor in Nevada. A hefty chunk of the AATIP's $22 million budget over five years was reportedly given to Bigelow's company to hire subcontractors and carry out research for the program.
Now toss into the mix Luis Elizondo, the former intelligence officer who ran the AATIP, which initially was under the wing of the Defense Intelligence Agency. He resigned from the job last October, advising CNN post-departure that it was his personal belief "that there is very compelling evidence that we may not be alone."
Elizondo also told CNN that the craft studied by AATIP "are displaying characteristics that are not currently within the U.S. inventory nor in any foreign inventory that we are aware of." [7 Things Most Often Mistaken for UFOs]
Turning point
Jan Harzan, the executive director of the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON), sees the eye-opening reporting as a "turning point in the study of UFOs." He said his organization is excited about the events beginning to unfold "and feel[s] the public and everyone on this planet should be as well."
MUFON has been investigating and researching the UFO phenomenon since 1969, Harzan said. The group's analysis of over 100,000 UFO reports over the past five decades has shown three things to be true, he has stated:
1. UFOs are real
2. UFOs represent extremely advanced technology
3. Tremendous breakthroughs will happen if we make it safe for our scientists and engineers to study this phenomenon unimpeded. These breakthroughs involve the fields of propulsion, energy, communication, biology and consciousness, to name just a few.
The recently released fighter-jet camera video of craft off the coast of San Diego "is just the tip of the iceberg," Harzan said. "Our military vaults are full of such videos and data on these objects. Now that the spill gates have been opened a little, it is time for the rest to come out in an orderly fashion," he added, "and in so doing make it safe for our scientists and engineers to study this phenomenon without fear of ridicule or retribution, but with funding provided by Congress and private industry." [UFO Watch: 8 Times the Government Looked for Flying Saucers]
No national security threat
The new revelation about the AATIP is evidence that the U.S. government has been researching and taking this issue seriously for decades, despite claiming no interest in the phenomenon since 1969, said Alejandro Rojas, spokesman for the Scientific Coalition for Ufology (SCU).
Indeed, between 1952 and its termination in 1969, the U.S. Air Force's official UFO-investigation program, known as Project Blue Book, came to the following set of conclusions: No UFO reported, investigated and evaluated by the Air Force has ever given any indication of threat to our national security; there has been no evidence submitted to or discovered by the Air Force that sightings categorized as "unidentified" represent technological developments or principles beyond the range of present-day scientific knowledge; and there has been no evidence indicating that sightings categorized as "unidentified" are extraterrestrial vehicles.
Advanced technology
Rojas endorses the scientific study of the UFO phenomenon and believes that all information regarding unidentified aerial objects should be released so that the data can be properly analyzed by the scientific community.
"Remember, the 'U' is for unidentified, not alien," said Rojas, who is also director of operations for Open Minds Production.
"We don't know what these things are," Rojas told Space.com. "Just because we get uncomfortable with the idea of aliens does not mean we should not investigate when the people who pilot our most advanced technology say they encounter something that outclasses their aircraft. It would be highly negligent not to investigate."
Another striking point in the recent disclosure, Rojas added, is that the incidents "are very similar to events that have been recorded by the U.S. Air Force and other governments for decades."
Tone of evidence
There is one head-scratcher: Why release this information now? Some see it as a trial balloon to take the pulse of citizens' reactions. Is the public being set up for the really big news about alien visitors?
"I can't say I know why things are coming out at this time," said Stanton Friedman, a retired nuclear physicist and a long-time investigator and lecturer on the UFO phenomenon.
"I appreciate the courage of those former officials who came forth," Friedman said. He criticized debunkers who advocate listening for alien signals "but ignore the tone of evidence of alien visitors."
Small program, little to show
Robert Sheaffer is a writer and one of the leading skeptical investigators of UFOs.
In his summary of recent events, Sheaffer notes that Robert Bigelow has been a strong believer in UFOs and alien visitors all his life. He was a campaign contributor to Sen. Reid and some of Reid's causes and persuaded Reid that the military budget ought to include funds for the study of UFOs.
The AATIP is a small program by Pentagon standards, Sheaffer said; it ultimately spent just $22 million over five years.
"Who knew it apparently only takes three senators to set up a secret Pentagon project?" Sheaffer said.
Funding for the AATIP activity was discontinued in 2012, Sheaffer said, "because it was not producing any results, just reams of paper, although the investigation is reported to still be continuing, but without funding, if that is possible."
"They have only released two very blurry infrared videos of objects that appear to be distant jets, without sufficient information to do a really good analysis of them," he added. "So, ultimately, all you have are a few UFO believers in and outside government who were able to get away with funneling a few million Pentagon dollars to themselves for UFO research, and have very little to show for it." [Ten Alien Encounters Debunked]
UFO artifacts
Sheaffer said that what is really interesting is the statement in The New York Times story that, under Bigelow's direction, the aerospace company "modified buildings in Las Vegas for the storage of metal alloys and other materials that Mr. Elizondo and program contractors said had been recovered from unidentified aerial phenomena."
If that's true, Bigelow supposedly has actual artifacts from UFOs, Sheaffer said, "and in fact has such a large quantity that he needs to modify his buildings to accommodate them? That is just utterly bizarre. We need an explanation of exactly what buildings were modified at federal expense, and what do they contain?" he said.
Purpose of the program
"Threat identification is obviously an important task," said Steven Aftergood of the Project on Government Secrecy at the Federation of American Scientists in Washington, D.C.
"But the fact that this program was initiated at the request of Senator Reid — not the Air Force — suggests that national security was not the paramount motivation here," Aftergood said. This impression, he said, is reinforced by the fact that a constituent of Sen. Reid (Robert Bigelow) received funding through the program.
"It is somewhat dismaying to see how quickly 'unidentified' aerial phenomena are publicly interpreted and portrayed as UFOs of possibly extraterrestrial origin," Aftergood concluded. His advice: "Collectively, we should all be becoming more intelligent and more perceptive, not more stupid and gullible."
Serious study
"It is complicated, and I am still trying to make sense of things," said Mark Rodeghier, president and scientific director of the J. Allen Hynek Center for UFO Studies in Chicago, Illinois.
The center was started by Hynek, who served as the astronomical consultant to Project Blue Book. Hynek himself was initially dubious of the whole UFO business, but after culling through hundreds of reports by witnesses, he became convinced UFOs were worthy of serious study.
In broad terms, the outing of the AATIP and its investigation of military UFO sightings "confirms something that has been believed for many years … that these sightings are still happening," Rodeghier said. "We just were not learning about them."
Blip in UFO history?
Rodeghier said he hopes the core of AATIP information that has been gathered can be released to the public and made available for scientific analysis.
"It would be extremely disappointing and frustrating if these reports are not released for scrutiny. We need high-quality data about UFOs to do better science," Rodeghier said.
"If those reports are never released, all of this is going to be blip in UFO history," he added. "But even if it's only a blip in history, it's still a darn interesting blip."
Leonard David is author of "Mars: Our Future on the Red Planet," published by National Geographic. The book is a companion to the National Geographic Channel series "Mars." A longtime writer for Space.com, David has been reporting on the space industry for more than five decades.
Are you desperate to see a UFO? Or perhaps you actually want to avoid ever experiencing an alien encounter. Never fear, we’ve got you covered with all you need to know about UFO sightings in the US.
This isn’t something out of a 1950s SciFi movie with wires and rubber masks. Thousands of people see unidentified flying objects each year, and here’s what you should know.
States with the Most UFO Sightings
When you think of UFOs, you might think of places like Roswell, New Mexico. The American southwest has a reputation for being alien country, although plenty of other remote farm towns might also see unexplained phenomena in the skies or fields.
However, the stats show beyond all doubt that the state with the most UFO sightings is California. This could be because it’s such a populous state, so there are more people to do the sightings in the first place.
Other explanations are because of the coastline, which means more people are looking out over the water, or even the lovely weather which means that people spend more time outdoors and are more aware of the skies as a result. It could also be that there are more military bases conducting missile tests that lead to strange occurrences in the sky. Or maybe California is simply more popular for extraterrestrial visitors.
Other states with frequent UFO sightings are Ohio, New York, Florida, Texas and North Carolina. Again, this could be attributed to the population sizes and how much time people spend outdoors staring at the sky, or it could be an indication of which parts of the country are most likely to get visited by alien craft.
How UFO Sightings Have Changed
After World War II, it seems attention shifted towards UFOs in the US. The term flying saucer was common and people across the country frequently reported sightings. However, numerous sightings were debunked as hoaxes from people seeking attention. You would think this might mean that sightings were less common now, but in fact, UFO sightings are at an all-time high.
UFO sightings skyrocketed in the 1990s and 2000s, and one researcher thinks he knows why. Thanks to increased internet access, people no longer just tell their friends or call into their local radio station to report a sighting. Reports can be made online quickly and easily. Now, with everyone walking around with a camera attached to their phones, people can record the UFO and share it on social media in a matter of moments.
Of course, they are easier to debunk, like when people across California, Nevada and Arizona saw a strange phenomena in January 2018 that turned out to be an after-flare from a SpaceX launch. But there are still plenty of unexplained videos and photos out there.
UFO Sightings Spike in Summer
If you look at the research on UFO sightings, you’ll see that they are much more common during the summer months. The simplest explanation for this is that people are outside more. Thanks to the nice weather, more people go hiking, camping or even just go on more picnics and eat dinner outside. As a result, there are more people outside, aware of the sky above them.
Other reasons that scientists like to give is that there are more festivals, concerts, and even 4th of July celebrations, which means there are also more fireworks and drones in the atmosphere. Some people even like to blame the fact that summer blockbusters often include some elements of alien life, making viewers most likely to look up at the sky and find unexplained lights or flying objects.
Spotted a UFO? – What You Should Do
First thing is to make sure to get evidence. Take a picture or better yet a video with your phone. Point it out to friends so that they can also capture pictures or videos, possibly from different angles. The more evidence that you can collect, the more credible you will be when you report it.
Unfortunately, there aren’t any official government bodies in the US that want you to report UFOs to them. You can contact homeland security, but there are fines and penalties for hoax reporting and they appear to be more interested in earthly beings. As a result, there’s the Mutual UFO Network known as MUFON. You can use their form to file a UFO sighting.
It’s also best to post the video or pictures on social media. If you’re embarrassed, you don’t need to claim that you saw an alien. Simply post the image or video on your social media platform of choice, tag in some local news networks and ask them what you might be seeing. If it’s easily explained, at least others will get to see an interesting phenomenon in the sky. If it’s not so easily explained, you might just be a source as proof that UFOs are still common in our modern society.
The internet has shown many weird and strange videos in our time, but this one might be one of those rarest clips.
A Facebook page of a group known as Ufo Türkiye uploaded a video that caught the attention of netizens, which has now a total of over 17,000 views and around 300,00 shares.
The video apparently shows an unidentified flying object in the sky above Turkey. A dark shape can be seen in the video, which undoubtedly looks like a UFO. It can also be observed in the footage that the strange aerial object hovers for a few seconds and then flies off in the flash of light.
The controversial video comes just a few weeks after a plane passenger on a commercial flight to Athens, Greece claimed he caught a UFO moving alongside the aircraft.
Kerry Forides filmed the UFO from his seat while travelling above the Aegean Sea on the 28th of March.
Forides then posted the video on his Facebook page and YouTube.
The description of the video says that the UFO appears to be moving away at right angles from the commercial jet where Forides was onboard, and they end up almost following the strange object without either of them appearing to turn.
Woman Claims She Felt Chills Up Her Spine After Seeing A UFO
Woman Claims She Felt Chills Up Her Spine After Seeing A UFO
A woman felt chills up to her spine after observing an unidentified flying object.
Suzanne Riley claimed that she saw a black craft hovering over trees while driving on her way home from work on Saturday.
On Facebook, Suzanne posted that she thought a Decepticon from the movie Transformer was going to land on her car.
Suzanne said that the sighting above A691 left her scared and confused.
She said that she was shocked while staring at the object and thought what the hell was that object. She further stated that the cars around her were stopping and she almost hit a man in front of the red car who had jumped out with his phone. She couldn’t stop thinking about what happened.
She also claimed that a military aircraft arrived moments after the sighting happened.
Suzanne described the object as a triangular angled appearance and had no visible windows or doors. She added that it had lots of edges going all over it and not just a triangle in the sky. She explained that no real wings or propellers were visible. She was no idea about the object’s identity that she was not sure if she could sketch it.
Among several suggestions she got from her friends was the possibility that it could have been a Nighthawk stealth aircraft. Secretive Skunk Works division of Lockheed developed the plane that could travel up to 1,000 km/h, particularly popular during the Gulf War. In 2008, however, it was retired. North-East UFO expert Glen Richardson was wondering if it was that particular model.
Hartlepool-based Glen doubted that kind of plane would be hovering above the woods. He suspected it to be military testing, but not really sure what it could be.
He urged anyone with footage to release it as he would like to investigate the sighting.
The strange event took place mid-afternoon near the County Durham village of Lanchester. Glen stated that this incident was one of many that hit the region recently.
Glen said that he observed a canny wave recently in the North-East and no reasons for it that he could think. He stressed that people these days just gained more courage to speak more on what they saw. He added that footage is vital to any investigation.
Suzanne, who did not get a snap out of her sighting, asked anyone who has the footage to share it to help give explanations for her close encounter. She said that the sighting left her confused and a bit scared due to insufficient knowledge of the object’s identity.
A spokesperson of the Ministry of Defense said that they were three Apache helicopters flying over where the sighting happened on that day. However, no further information was released.
Nevertheless, Suzanne was convinced that it wasn’t looked like a helicopter in any way.
Alien Implants: The Ultimate Proof Of Alien Abductions?
Alien Implants: The Ultimate Proof Of Alien Abductions?
Every time we speak about aliens, we talk about UFO sightings. When talking about UFO signs, people speak of alien abductions, and when you read about a case where someone claims to be abducted, you end up learning about alien implants.
But what are the mysterious, miniature devices? Fact or fiction? If proven authentic, these implants could be considered as crystal-clear evidence of an alien presence on Earth.
For years, the general public has been tormented by stories of UFO sightings, and even, in some cases, even alien encounters.
However, fact-checking these stories have been disappointingly challenging to achieve.
More often than not, it simply comes down to taking a person’s word for it.
In some cases, photographs have been taken, but, inevitably, questions about their authenticity always come to light.
Therefore, when it comes down to aliens, and UFOs, physical evidence has been treated as the Holy Grail of UFO research.
The amount of “official” information about the UFO phenomenon that has been made available thanks to ufology reports around the world is impressive.
In recent years, various governments around the world have taken a step towards Disclosure as they’ve started releasing an ample amount fo top-secret documents about the UFO Phenomenon.
Not long ago, if you remember, NASA brought together scientists, theologians, philosophers, and historians to examine how to prepare the world for alien contact, whether it be microbial organisms or intelligent beings.
Recently, declassified materials have revealed that the Pentagon spent at least 22 million dollars researching the UFO phenomena in a secret program that existed for at least three years.
According to reports, from 2008 through 2011, the Pentagon spent a budget of around 22 million dollars on a program that investigated UFO’s. Called the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program, the mysterious secret program was supposedly shut down in 2012.
Anyway, getting back to alien implants…
Strange marks on the body and implants extracted from people who claim to have been abducted have been present whenever someone comes forward saying he or she was abducted by aliens.
The case of the extracted implants is very fascinating, and if proven authentic, this material could be considered as the long searched for scientific evidence of the existence of aliens, and alien abductions.
Dr. Roger Leir is arguably the best person with ‘experience’ in the extraction of extraterrestrial implants. According to Dr. Leir, he performed 17 surgeries in which he extracted small objects of unknown origin.
According to Dr. Leir, a hallucinatory feature is that these supposed incrustations the size of a pencil point were magnetic in nature, and some even emitted radio frequencies.
Other objects examined had meteorite fragments inside them; metals such as gallium, germanium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, and iridium.
According to Alex Mosier, who has a Ph.D. in Philosophy, Chemistry, and Physics, who examined the pieces together with Leir, fibers were found very similar to carbon nano-tubes, suggesting that the fragments were designed or manufactured:
“You would not find these things in nature, they have to be processed, they require complex engineering, and they are not easy to manufacture. ”
As noted by mufon.com, tests were performed on both the removed alien implants and the individuals several years after surgical removal.
The alleged implants removed from the first set of surgeries were studied by two different pathologists and then sent to various independent laboratories for extensive scientific analysis. The tests performed on these alleged alien implants were: a pathology/tissue evaluation, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), extensive metallurgical testing involving a density immersion test, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction pattern analysis and electron/magnetic and fluorescence property analysis. Isotopic range tests are also in progress. Tests were conducted by the National Institute of Discovery of Science (NIDS), New Mexico Tech, and other independent sources.
“The findings of these implant surgeries are highly unusual,” reported Dr. Leir. “In all these cases, there was virtually no inflammatory response.”
This is not the usual finding in foreign tissue reactions. Typically, foreign bodies embedded in tissues result in some type of acute or chronic inflammatory response and may include fibrosis and cyst formation. Such was not the case here. The pathology reports of the first two surgeries revealed that the metallic objects were encased in a very dense, tough, grey membrane consisting of proteinaceous coagulum, hemoseridin, and pure keratin.
More directly, blood protein and skin cells that are usually found in the superficial layer of the skin. Biological “cocoons” encasing the implants were also found to contain nerve proprioceptors – nerve and pressure cells of the wrong tissue type for that part of the body. These implant cocoons also fluoresced a bright green color in the presence of an ultraviolet light source.
Dr. Leir, who also worked as a consultant physician at the Mutual UFO Network, claimed that the people from whom he extracted the alien objects had no visible scars or disruption in the integrity of the skin.
There were no signs of inflammation, but the X-rays showed the incrustation, which seemed almost impossible.
The specialist in podiatry died on March 14, 2014 (paradoxically, due to a foot injury), so his studies did not go beyond a limited budget that prevented further understanding of the findings.
Until now, medicine, and probably other scientific fields, have had a phobia with respect to performing tests on people who claimed to have been abducted.
There are very few scientists and doctors who have dared to venture out into UFOlogy, especially because of the loss of prestige that this entails. However, if we are to come to the bottom of the UFO mystery, scientists, doctors, and other experts should start thinking about proactively participating in the UFO discussion, as only then will we be able to fully understand what on Earth is going on.
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THE AURORA, TEXAS CRASH OF 1897
THE AURORA, TEXAS CRASH OF 1897
The state of Texas has always been called the “big state.” This expression applies to many things, but is especially true regarding “tall tales.” I have heard them all of my life, and sometimes it is difficult to separate truth from fiction. Such is the case with one story that comes from the small town of Aurora.
The town’s history book labels the community as “the town that almost wasn’t,” and that expression is directly related to the legend of a spaceship crashing into a windmill, and the burial of a small alien creature found in the aftermath.This event has become the most important news story to ever come out of this small Texas city. Aurora was designated a “historical site” by the State of Texas.
The year was 1897, and this was the year of the “great airships” reports in the United States. As the story goes, it was on April 17, 1897, that a slow moving space ship crashed into a windmill, bursting into pieces. As the debris was searched through, supposedly the body of a small alien was discovered.
Originally the alien pilot was dubbed the “Martian pilot.”
Some of the debris also revealed material sketched with a type of hieroglyphic. The town folk gave the poor little creature a proper burial in the local cemetery.
This incident, whether true or not, has had just enough publicity to stay afloat for over 100 years. It was made into a movie, “The Aurora Encounter” in 1986, starring Jack Elam.
The news of the crash spread quickly, even for that time period. A newspaper article of the event still exists, written by S. E. Haydon, reporter for the Dallas Morning News. Below is the original article:
About 6 o’clock this morning the early risers of Aurora were astonished at the sudden appearance of the airship which has been sailing around the country. It was traveling due north and much nearer the earth than before.
Evidently some of the machinery was out of order, for it was making a speed of only ten or twelve miles an hour, and gradually settling toward the earth. It sailed over the public square and when it reached the north part of town it collided with the tower of Judge Proctor’s windmill and went into pieces with a terrific explosion, scattering debris over several acres of ground, wrecking the windmill and water tank and destroying the judge’s flower garden.
The pilot of the ship is supposed to have been the only one aboard and, while his remains were badly disfigured, enough of the original has been picked up to show that he was not an inhabitant of this world.
The story never gained a lot of exposure at the time, but held on until it was commented on by UPI on May 24, 1973:
“Aurora, Tex. — (UPI) — A grave in a small north Texas cemetery contains the body of an 1897 astronaut who was ‘not an inhabitant of this world,’ according to the International UFO Bureau. The group, which investigates unidentified flying objects, has already initiated legal proceedings to exhume the body and will go to court if necessary to open the grave, director Hayden Hewes said Wednesday.”
“After checking the grave with metal detectors and gathering facts for three months, we are certain as we can be at this point [that] he was the pilot of a UFO which reportedly exploded atop a well on Judge J.S. Proctor’s place, April 19, 1897,” Hewes said.” “He was not an inhabitant of this world.”
The legend was back in the news! Only a couple of days later, UPI followed up the first report with another from Aurora. They had located a living witness to the event.
A ninety-one-year-old who had been a girl of fifteen in Aurora at the time of the reported incident was quoted. “I had all but forgotten the incident until it appeared in the newspapers recently.”
She said her parents had actually been to the crash sight, but had not allowed her to accompany them for fear of what might be in the debris.
She recalled that the remains of the pilot, “a small man,” had been buried in the Aurora cemetery, validating the other legends.
The Associated Press now joined the chase for the sensational story. From the city of Denton, Texas came this account:
“A North Texas State University professor had found some metal fragments near the Oates gas station (former Proctor farm). One fragment was said to be ‘most intriguing’ because it consisted primarily of iron which did not seem to exhibit magnetic properties.”
The professor also said he was puzzled because the fragment was “shiny and malleable instead of dull and brittle like iron.”
For reasons unknown, the Aurora Cemetery Association fought the attempts to exhume the alleged alien body. They were successful, and the dead alien’s remains stayed a mystery. The town of Aurora still shows traces of Military intervention today, and the question must be asked, “Why would the U. S. Military be in the town of Aurora?”
Anyone familiar with the Roswell crash of 1947 will remember that debris from Mac Brazel’s field was flown to Ft. Worth, which is only a short hop’s distance from Aurora. Is this why the Military was in Aurora? Could the Government have the alien body?
Today Aurora, like other cities, is modernized, and yet a few hints of the past still remain. Although the headstone of the alien was stolen, there remain pictures of it today. A copy of this photo now adorns the grave site.
There has been, at times, a lobby to exhume the remains of the little pilot and give it a proper burial, with a new headstone. So far, this has not happened. Should the little grave be dug up, or should we just leave it and the legend of the Aurora UFO alone?
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There Is Evidence That a Planet in Our Solar System Was Destroyed
There Is Evidence That a Planet in Our Solar System Was Destroyed
By Elizabeth Howell, Live Science Contributor
An asteroid that slammed into the Sudan desert on Oct. 7, 2008, shot out lots of little space rocks holding a precious secret: diamonds that likely formed billions of years ago inside the embryo of a now-decimated planet.
That lost planet was the size of Mercury or perhaps Mars, researchers now say.
In the space rocks, which are also called meteorites, researchers found compounds common to diamonds on Earth, such as chromite, phosphate and iron-nickel sulfides. It's the first time these diamond components have been found in an extraterrestrial body, the researchers said in a new study describing the findings. [See Photos of Meteorites Discovered Around the World]
The finding provides more information on the early days of our solar system about 4.4 billion years ago, when the zone near the sun had several planetary embryos. Many of them coalesced into the planets we see today. Others fell into the sun or were ejected into interstellar space.
The meteorites were formed after an asteroid slammed into Earth's atmosphere — making it technically a meteor — exploding 23 miles (37 kilometers) above the Nubian Desert in Sudan. The explosion from the 13-foot-wide (4 meters) body shot fragments all over the desert below. Researchers picked up 50 of these pieces, which ranged in size from 0.4 to 4 inches (1 to 10 centimeters).
(An asteroid is a space rock, a meteor is a space rock burning up in Earth's atmosphere, and a meteorite is the leftover fragment that reaches Earth after a meteor comes through the atmosphere.)
Researchers collected these tiny meteorites into a collection called "Almahata Sitta"; this is the Arabic word for "Station Six," a train station nearby the meteorite fall and between Wadi Halfa and Khartoum. After collecting the tiny meteorites, researchers discovered nano-size diamonds inside them. But at first, the origins of the diamonds eluded researchers.
Nanodiamonds can form from "normal" static pressure inside a large parent body like Earth, but there are other origin theories as well. High-energy collisions between worlds in space can leave such diamonds behind, as can deposition by chemical vapor,according to a statement from the Federal Polytechnic School of Lausanne in Switzerland.
The new study, however, revealed that the diamonds in the meteorite could form only under pressures higher than 20 gigapascals. This is an extremely high form of pressure that humans can generate with certain explosives.
"This level of internal pressure can only be explained if the planetary parent body was a Mercury- to Mars-sized planetary 'embryo,' depending on the layer in which the diamonds were formed," the researchers said in a statement from the Federal Polytechnic School of Lausanne in Switzerland. Farhang Nabiei, a doctoral student at the institution, led the research.
That planetary embryo would have then been destroyed through violent collisions, the researchers noted.
The research was published online yesterday (April 17) in the journal Nature Communications.
Study Claims Technologically Advanced Species Could Have Been On Earth Tens Of Millions Of Years Ago
Study Claims Technologically Advanced Species Could Have Been On Earth Tens Of Millions Of Years Ago
We like to think that we are an exception: An intelligent life that has developed a vastly complex indust
rialized civilization unlike anything seen before. But would we actually know if millions of years ago some other life forms had created huge cities, altered the landscape, and formed their own civilization? What would be left of their exploits for us to find?
This is the thought experiment that the director of NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies, Gavin Schmidt, and professor of physics and astronomy at the University of Rochester, Adam Frank, have been exploring. They want to understand if any evidence of a hugely advanced civilization could persist tens of millions of years into the future and, if so, what form it might take. Their results are published in the International Journal of Astrobiology.
“Gavin and I have not seen any evidence of another industrial civilization,” Frank lays out from the onset. Since they have not found any pre-human civilization, they have been looking at what impact we as a species are having on the planet, and how long those impacts are likely to be detectable into the future. “These questions make us think about the future and the past in a much different way, including how any planetary-scale civilization might rise and fall.”
While we have plenty of evidence of past civilizations in the form of statutes and foundations that date back maybe a few thousand years at most, things get far more opaque when the clock is rolled back by a few million or hundreds of millions of years.
Calling this the “Silurian hypothesis” – after the technologically advanced reptiles from Dr. Who – they speculate what would be left if a civilization lasted for 100,000 years or so around 60 million years ago. That may sound like a long time, but in the history of the Earth, it is but a blip. However, the chance of fossils would be rare, so what else could we look for?
As a species, we are currently laying down all sorts of traces that will be detectable in a 100 million years’ time. In feeding 7 billion people, we’ve completely altered the nitrogen cycle, with much of it now finding its way into sediment at the bottom of the ocean and the tops of mountains. On the flip side, rare earth elements that were once buried deep are now floating free at the surface as we develop ever more complex technology.
That’s not to mention the changes in the carbon cycle from burning so much fossil fuel or the millions of tonnes of plastic being laid down. Some have even suggested that all the plastic we’re producing is forming a new kind of rock, and all these changes will still be detectable far into the future.
All this is obviously hypothetical at the moment, but it has an important point. These are the kind of clues we could use to look for previously advanced civilizations on other planets.
“We know early Mars and, perhaps, early Venus were more habitable than they are now, and conceivably we will one day drill through the geological sediments there, too,” says Gavin Schmidt. “This helps us think about what we should be looking for.”
WETENSCHAP Tess, de nieuwe ruimtetelescoop van NASA, is succesvol de ruimte ingeschoten. Daarmee kan de zoektocht naar nieuwe planeten worden voortgezet. De lancering die rond 00.50 uur Belgische tijd plaatsvond verliep zonder problemen, meldt de Amerikaanse ruimtevaartorganisatie.
De lancering was eigenlijk al voor maandag gepland, maar werd uitgesteld om bijkomende tests uit te voeren op het navigatiesysteem van de raket. De ruimteverkenner moet in kaart brengen of er ergens in het heelal een andere planeet is waar misschien leven mogelijk is. Tess is het zusje van de Amerikaanse ruimtetelescoop Kepler, die in 2009 werd gelanceerd en nu aan het einde van zijn leven is.
Ken Tyndall@KenTyndallWFTV
#BREAKING Lift-off! NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite #TESS begins 2-year mission to search for planets outside our solar system! Crowds watch from Jetty Park. @WFTV
TESS, de opvolger van de Kepler-satelliet, is uitgerust met vier camera’s en zal de komende twee jaar lang 200.000 sterren observeren op zoek naar exoplaneten. Die zal de telescoop kunnen waarnemen door het licht dat ze blokkeren in hun baan rond de sterren.
De missie kost rond de 200 miljoen dollar. Vanaf 2019 zal NASA naar verwachting de eerste verwerkte resultaten publiceren.
Photo News
NASA✔@NASA
Successful main engine cutoff (MECO) of the @SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket carrying @NASA_TESS on its journey to search the skies for planets outside of our solar system. Watch live: https://www.pscp.tv/w/1vAxRVVyqykxl
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.