Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS NEARLY 13 YEARS AND 4 MONTH.
ON /30/09/2024 MORE THAN 2.230.520
VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
07-05-2018
700,000-Year-Old Stone Tools Point To A Mystery Human Ancestor In The Philippines
700,000-Year-Old Stone Tools Point To A Mystery Human Ancestor In The Philippines
A mysterious human ancestor existed in the Philippines some 700,000 years ago, and used relatively advanced tools to butcher rhinos, experts have found.
The discovery of a new set of tools and other pieces of evidence has revealed that ancient human relatives lived in parts of South East Asia hundreds of thousands of years earlier than experts believed possible.
Researchers uncovered traces of more than 50 stone tools and a nearly complete rhino skeleton bearing clear marks of having been butchered in the distant past.
According to experts, the rhinoceros skeleton dates back 709,000 years.
The butchered rhino.
Image Credit: University of Wollongong,
The discovery comes as a surprise as previously, the earliest evidence of human habitation in the region—to the north of Luzon Island—had been a small foot bone found in a cave, dating back around 70,000 years.
Finding evidence of human occupation 700,000 years ago is a history-changer.
The tools discovered by experts consist of 49 sharp-edged stone flakes, six cores, and two pieces which are believed to be hammer stones.
Furthermore, scientists also discovered a number of skeletons at the site, including that of a Stegodon, brown deer, freshwater turtle, and monitor lizard.
However, the rhino skeleton was the most interesting.
Experts say that many of the rhino’s bones had clear traces of cuts consistent with butchering, and various bones had marks as if they were hit with a hammerstone.
This is very interesting.
However, even or fascinating is the fact that experts say that humans didn’t make the tools—and no, they weren’t made by aliens either.
Part of the stone tools discovered by experts in the Philippines.
So if it wasn’t humans, who created the tools?
Scientists say that a close human ancestor crafted the tools, and the fact that they existed in the Philippines some 700,000 years ago means that we need to reconsider how and when humans and other hominins spread through the vast territories of South East Asia.
As noted by archaeologists Gerrit van den Bergh from the University of Wollongong in Australia, these mysterious hominins most likely spread across the area in a number of different migratory waves throughout various millennia.
Van den Bergh also believes that these mystery humans most likely traveled from north to south, from China and Taiwan, and not from West to East, from Borneo or Palawan through Indonesia, using ocean currents and settling as they went.
The rhino’s bones (pictured) have cut marks showing evidence the animal was butchered in the distant past.
Image Credit: Thomas Ingicco, Mission Marche aux Philippines.
Interestingly, van den Bergh believes that this curious migration may have taken human ancestors on the Indonesian Island of Flores, giving rise to the mysterious Homo floresiensis species, akathe “Hobbit,” because of their relatively small stature.
Previously experts have found traces of ancient humans dating back 700,000 years on the Indonesian island of Java. Furthermore, Homo floresiensis ancestors have been found on Flores from around the same time.
Previous theories proposed by experts suggested that early hominids did not have the ability to craft boats, meaning that they could not have traveled by water in order to reach Luzon and the other islands separated from the mainland by deep oceans.
However, discoveries are changing what we thought about early humans and their capabilities.
“If you look at the fossil and recent faunas you see that there is an impoverishment as you go from north to south. On Luzon, you find fossils of stegodons, elephants, giant rats, rhino, deer, large reptiles and a type of water buffalo.
“On Sulawesi, the fossil fauna is already impoverished; there’s no evidence of rhinos or deer ever entering there. Then on Flores, you only had stegodons, Komodo dragons, humans and giant rats, that’s all,”van den Bergh said.
“If animals did reach these islands by chance, by entering the sea and following the currents south, then you would expect the further south you go the fewer species you would find – and that’s what we see.”
Who exactly these hominins were, remains a profound mystery, and we will probably never know unless we discover remains of the species in order to study them.
Some experts hint, they may have been the mysterious Denisovans.
“There’s a lot of focus again in the islands of South East Asia because they are places where you find natural experiments in hominin evolution. That’s what makes Flores unique, and now Luzon is another place we can start looking for fossil evidence,” van den Bergh said.
Bevatten duizend jaar oude manuscripten bewijs voor Planeet X? Deze wetenschappers zijn iets op het spoor
Bevatten duizend jaar oude manuscripten bewijs voor Planeet X? Deze wetenschappers zijn iets op het spoor
Oude manuscripten van de Angelsaksen bevatten mogelijk bewijs voor de mysterieuze Planeet X. Dat zeggen wetenschappers van de Queen’s University in Belfast.
Experts zijn van mening dat afbeeldingen van kometen die dateren uit de middeleeuwen aanwijzingen bevatten voor het hemellichaam.
Sommige astronomen zijn van mening dat de planeet, die 10 keer zo zwaar zou zijn als de aarde, het vreemde gedrag van verre objecten in ons zonnestelsel kan verklaren.
Mysterie
Onderzoekers denken dat de oude afbeeldingen van de Angelsaksen in combinatie met moderne wetenschappelijke technieken kunnen worden gebruikt om de effecten van Planeet X te onderzoeken.
De wetenschappers combineren gegevens die Angelsaksen hebben verzameld over kometen met beelden die de NASA en andere ruimteagentschappen hebben gemaakt van de ruimterotsen.
Op deze manier hopen ze het mysterie rond de planeet verder te kunnen ontrafelen.
Onontdekte planeet
De oudste beschrijving van een komeet in Engeland dateert van 891, toen Alfred de Grote aan de macht was.
Astronomen zijn van mening dat de omloopbaan van een aantal kometen in het buitenste deel van het zonnestelsel wordt beïnvloed door een nog onontdekte planeet.
Deze planeet, ook wel Planeet X of Planeet Negen genoemd, zou pakweg vier keer zo groot zijn als de aarde.
Grote impact
De planeet zou 10.000 tot 20.000 jaar nodig hebben voor een rondje om de zon.
“Het is fantastisch om duizend jaar oude gegevens te gebruiken om een nieuwe theorie te kunnen onderzoeken,” zei dr. Pedro Lacerda. “Dit is voor mij één van de meest fascinerende aspecten van ons project.”
“Elke sterke aanwijzing dat een ‘Planeet Negen’ nodig is om de waarnemingen van kometen in de middeleeuwen te kunnen verklaren, zal zeker een grote impact hebben op onze kijk op het zonnestelsel,” voegde hij toe.
GettyDe sarcofaag van Toetanchamon in diens grafkamer (archiefbeeld).
Onderzoek door een team Italiaanse archeologen heeft uitgewezen dat er geen verborgen kamers bestaan in het graf van Toetanchamon. Dat heeft de Egyptische minister van Oudheden vandaag meegedeeld.
“Onderzoek met scanners en detectoren binnenin het graf hebben aangetoond dat er geen kamers of sporen van deurkaders of drempels aanwezig zijn”, zei Mostafa Waziri in een communiqué van het ministerie van Oudheden. De nieuwe bevindingen spreken de theorie tegen over het bestaan van gangen of kamers naast of in het graf van Toetanchamon, klinkt het.
De Britse egyptoloog Nicholas Reeves had eerder gezegd dat een gedetailleerd onderzoek van foto’s en scans van de noordelijke grafmuur suggereerde dat er een verborgen opening was die naar een andere kamer leidde. Reeves vermoedde dat in de verborgen kamer het graf van Nefertiti, de vrouw van Toetanchamons vader farao Achnaton, zou bevatten.
Uniek graf
Toetanchamon was een van de laatste farao’s van de 18e dynastie van Oud Egypte. Hij stierf op 19-jarige leeftijd onder mysterieuze omstandigheden. Zijn graf, dat in 1922 werd ontdekt, was omwille van zijn rijkelijke inhoud een unieke vondst onder de faraonische graven in de Vallei van de Koningen in Luxor. In tegenstelling tot andere graven was het niet systematisch geplunderd in vroegere tijden.
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Disclosure has already happened only you do not recognize it!
Disclosure has already happened only you do not recognize it!
Sometimes you questioning yourself why technology has made such a big leap in the past 20 years, like computers, smartphones, world wide web, wireless communication and other similar technologies, well this document may provides the answer to that question.
Image: Alien Artifact with Alien Symbols.
People always ask when the American government will make an official statement about the existence of extraterrestrial life and UFOs but in fact disclosure has already happened.
Every day you are using and working with alien technology only you do not recognize it as alien technology and certainly the younger people who are growing up with these technologies experience it as ‘Normal’.
Image: Alien Artifact with Alien Symbols.
An interesting declassified document ‘Commercial applications research for Extraterrestrial Technology from Palo Alto, CA Research Facility’ which you can get on CIA website from a FOIA request (Filthstep Productions International, Apr 8, 2018) shows extremely detailed images of alien artifacts, anti-gravity generators, self-running, self-executed computer programs.
Below is a summary from the document:
Some key subjects, all of which were based on artifacts of extraterrestrial origin obtained from crash site recovery operations conducted during the last two decades are:
Personal antigravity generator (so-named for its small, portable size).
Three-dimensional image recorder/projector.
Complex systems of alien symbols and geometric constructs capable of both defining the functionality of certain artifacts as well as manipulating their behavior crudely analogous to a computer programming language, but without the need for a compilation or interpretation phase.
They aim to translate personal antigravity into a product-oriented EP capable of direct application within the consumer market, but they want to start with downgraded versions of the original technology to soften the impact on integration.
This document not only is a confirmation that UFOs have been crashed on Earth, they have collected much material and information from the crashed UFOs; which they have translated into new secret projects as well as they have put some of these technologies in the consumer market, but as the document reads, they bring it slowly and phase by phase.
High Speed UFO emerging from the sea during Thunderstorm
High Speed UFO emerging from the sea during Thunderstorm
On May 5, 2018 the witness filmed a thunderstorm/lightning over Saulkrasti, Latvia with his Sony rx100V HFR 500fps when he captured a black object that suddenly emerged from the sea (Golf of Liga) flying upwards at high speed until it disappears in the clouds.
The Golf of Liga is connected to the Baltic Sea known for its multiple UFO sightings as well as the Baltic Sea Anomaly.
NADEREND MINI-ZONNESTELSEL DOET AARDKORST VAN BINNENUIT BARSTEN ( VIDEO )
NADEREND MINI-ZONNESTELSEL DOET AARDKORST VAN BINNENUIT BARSTEN ( VIDEO )
Ongeacht welk vreemd verschijnsel zich voordoet op aarde, binnen de kortste keren hebben de mainstream media er een verklaring voor en iedereen is weer gerust gesteld.
Vreemde luchten en ontzettend heftige aardveranderingen zijn geen normale zaken en niet alleen onze planeet heeft daar mee te maken.
Wanneer mensen vreemde luchten waarnemen, dan wordt er al snel geprobeerd daar een “logische verklaring” voor te vinden. Voor zelfs de meest bizarre wolkenformaties worden dan snel wat namen bedacht en de mensheid is weer gerust gesteld, want alles is weer normaal.
Maar, dat is het niet. Al die vreemde en bizarre verschijnselen in de lucht waar wij de afgelopen jaren over hebben geschreven zijn alles behalve normaal.
Het is niet alleen op aarde, maar door het gehele zonnestelsel dat er dingen gebeuren met andere planeten die erop wijzen dat er grote ongeziene krachten aan het werk zijn.
Ook de zon gedraagt zich vreemd en afwijkend zoals we enkele dagen geleden hebben kunnen zien en vertoont op dit moment geen enkele activiteit op het gebied van zonnevlekken, hoewel dit volgens de computermodellen wel degelijk het geval had moeten zijn.
Hoelang zal de mensheid nog kunnen blijven ontkennen dat er “iets” uit de ruimte op ons af komt en dat dit hetgeen is dat verantwoordelijk is voor de steeds heftiger wordende aardveranderingen.?
Zoals wij regelmatig schrijven, zijn er steeds meer mensen die objecten waarnemen en/of vastleggen in de buurt van onze zon.
Zoals een lezer (dank!) die het volgende schreef:
Ik had enige tijd geleden een filmpje gemaakt van de zon, omdat ik een tweede zon/planeet zag. Hieronder het filmpje en ben benieuwd wat jullie ervan vinden. Het filmpje speelt zich af in Xanten.
Jullie kunnen een tweede zon/planeet waarnemen als jullie inzoomen links naast de zon.
Hier volgt het filmpje zelf, waarop het een beetje moeilijk is te zien, vandaar de uitvergroting.
Het volgende plaatje geeft een globaal overzicht van de symptomen die wij hier op aarde meemaken door de nadering van dit mini zonnestelsel.
Het lijkt alsof er enorme krachten binnenin de aarde werkzaam zijn een uitweg zoeken naar de oppervlakte.
De recente zware aardbeving op Hawaii en de plotselinge vulkanische activiteiten wordt door het Smithsonian Institute als volgt omschreven:
Hawaii’s Kilaue volcano craks open earth.
En dat is wat er de gebeurt, de aarde wordt letterlijk opengespleten zoals we dat recent ook hebben gezien in Afrika, waar zelfs een heel deel van het continent dreigt af te breken.
Het is iedere keer hetzelfde verhaal: verbaasde mensen die zich niet kunnen voorstellen wat er gebeurt.
Zoals staat in de kop van een artikel bij de NOS:“We dachten dat het gevaar van vulkaan op Hawaii te verwaarlozen was”.
En nooit of te nimmer, waar dan ook in de mainstream media, wordt er een verband gelegd tussen de fenomenale hoeveelheden vreemde en ongewone dingen die op onze planeet plaatsvinden. Keer op keer opnieuw wordt iedere gebeurtenis als een afzonderlijke gezien en worden mensen met een kluitje het riet in gestuurd.
En dat is wat dat de mensheid uiteindelijk zal opbreken omdat ze totaal onvoorbereid zijn op de dingen die gaan komen.
Recentelijk gebeurde er ook al andere bijzonder vreemde dingen op Hawaii waarover Tyler van Secureteam een video heeft gemaakt:
Cotton experiments get the green light to head onboard the International Space Station, the Galileo spacecraft sheds light on Jupiter's moon Ganymede decades after its voyage and four planets light up the night sky in the month of May. These are just some of this week's top stories at Space.com.
Photo Credit: Ben Smegelsky/NASA
1. A west coast kind of launch.
This Saturday (May 5), NASA's InSight lander became the first interplanetary mission to launch from the west coast of the United States. Also known as the Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport lander, this mission to Mars is designed to study the planet's tectonic activity. InSight is scheduled to arrive at the Red Planet in November.
Saturn, Venus, Jupiter and Mars are visible now and all you need is a curious disposition. The ringed planet shines in the late evening skies, followed by Mars. After sunset, watch out for shiny Venus. Jupiter is visible all night this month, too.
Photo Credit: Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Defence
3. Preventing combat in space.
While some international treaties include laws about the use of force in outer space, they are unclear and provide little regulation. Legal experts are now developing a manual detailing how laws on Earth could be applicable to contentious scenarios where surveillance and communications satellites, for example, become attractive targets in potential warfare of the future.
The GRACE spacecraft operated well beyond its planned five-year mission, and its successor, GRACE-FO, launches in a few weeks. Both mission are joint projects of NASA and the GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences in Potsdam, Germany, and were designed to study how melting polar ice affects sea levels. GRACE-FO, also known as the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On, will map changes in water and ice by detecting differences in Earth's gravity.
Long ago, the moon may have been home to a subsurface magma flow. In a new study, two researchers suggest that a gooey interior between the moon's crust and its core could have triggered the ancient moon's lunar magnetic field.
Jupiter is home to the largest moon in the entire solar system, Ganymede. Jupiter gives off radiation, and scientists recently used data from the Galileo spacecraft to do a fresh take of how plasma moves between the moon and the gas giant, a phenomenon which causes bright auroras at Ganymede's polar caps. Scientists also want to use this data to learn more about the existence of subsurface oceans on Ganymede.
Private spaceflight company Blue Origin recently launched its New Shepard 2.0 passenger vehicle on a test flight over the skies of West Texas. The April 29 launch marked the second successful flight of the company's New Shepard program, and this trip carried a dummy and a few NASA science experiments onboard.
Researchers recently spotted helium in the atmosphere of a scorching planet around a distant star. This is the first time the element has been observed around an exoplanet, and although early models predicted that helium should be among the most easily detectable elements in their atmospheres, it has remained unseen until now.
The heat shield for NASA's Mars 2020 rover mission cracked during a weeklong test, according to the space agency. The damage occurred to the shield's outer edge, as the tests produced forces about 20 percent greater than what it would experience as the mission enters Mars' atmosphere. Fortunately, this incident won't seem to cause a launch date delay.
The Cotton Sustainability Challenge short-listed three new projects to operate on the International Space Station, with a goal of generating solutions for cotton production's high environmental cost. The Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS) announced the projects on Tuesday (April 24), which feature techniques like sequencing the genetic expression of cotton cultivars grown in the absence of gravity.
Lenticular UFO clouds over Perthshire, Scotland. Photograph: Murdo MacLeod for the Guardian
It was 1997, the 50th anniversary of the suspected flying saucer crash at Roswell in New Mexico, and the heyday of the paranormal mystery series The X-Files. The English-speaking world was gripped by UFO-mania. But what seemed a delightful mystery to some was becoming a headache for the spooks at Britain’s Defence Intelligence Staff.
Analysts at the DI55 office, the department lumbered with the UFO brief, were being peppered with requests from ufologists – and even parliamentary questions – for information on flying saucers, taking up time they felt would be better spent on terrestrial defence matters. So top brass decided to undertake a definitive study of the unit’s collection of reported UFO sightings to establish, once and for all, whether there was anything in them.
Previously unseen documents reveal that, far from being an objective study into the possibility of extraterrestrial visitors, the report was intended from the start to absolve the Ministry of Defence of responsibility for investigating sightings. Messages between officials at DIS and the contractor carrying out the research show that it focused from the outset only “on the possible threat to the UK [from hostile foreign powers] and technology acquisition” and not “X-Files activities such as alien abductions”. A separate memo says: “It shouldn’t be driven by a UFO thesis.”
The study replaced one mystery with another after its author determined that the UFO sightings were a result of unexplained plasma formations in the atmosphere. Nevertheless, DI55 announced afterwards that it would no longer accept UFO reports.
The documents show the deliberations behind the research, which began in 1997 and collated the previous decade’s worth of UFO sightings – known in the technical jargon of DIS as unidentified aerial phenomena (UAPs) – in a database. The identities of all the officers involved in the conversation, which lasted several years, are redacted. Many other excerpts are blacked out, with exemptions cited including risks to national security and international relations.
“The increasing media attention given to this subject in recent months has almost doubled the work of the desk officers involved to the detriment of other tasks more directly relevant to the work of the branch,” one memo says, adding that it was now time to “reappraise the situation” and clarify DIS’s role in the issue.
Officials complain about the cost in time and money of investigating sightings and responding to questions. “The problem is unlikely to subside, especially as the US brings into service over the next decade high flying capabilities such as Global Star, Dark Star, the X-33 and, should it come to fruition, the manned spaceplane,” writes one senior officer. “Other nations will follow, especially with UAVs [unmanned aerial vehicles], which may permit risk-taking in unauthorised penetrations of airspace.”
Other correspondents remained open-minded, with one arguing that in the absence of analysis “we can not discount the possibility that UAPs are real” or that they could be natural phenomena but with “possible military applications”. “It could be argued that UAPs pose a potential threat to the defence of the realm since we have no idea what they are,” the writer continues.
It emerges that the analyst commissioned to write the report had a personal interest in the subject. Pointing out that the same UFO questionnaire had been in use since the 1950s, he notes: “I filled one in myself after a sortie when flying in the RAF at the time.” The author adds that he wishes to keep a low profile for fear that the media “would undoubtedly link [this work] with my other known activities on SDI [strategic defence initiative, better known as the Star Wars project], BM [ballistic missile] defence etc.”
What becomes clear from the files is a fear among officials of further inciting UFO-mania. “We need to be very careful about expanding ‘UFO’ business and thereby sending the public a misleading message about the extent of the MoD’s interest,” says one memo.
Another says: “Keep the classification low – I suggest restricted – in order not to put it in the public domain but at the same time prevent the criticism that MoD is hiding something under the cloak of secrecy.”
The report was completed in 2000 and duly discounted the possibility of alien spaceships over the UK, giving DI55 the grounds it needed to no longer accept reports of sightings. But what DIS did next could only fuel the imagination of conspiracy theorists. It destroyed the files on which the report was based, and even the database in which they had collated for analysis.
David Clarke, a research fellow and lecturer in journalism at Sheffield Hallam University and a specialist in modern folklore, obtained the files from the MoD after a freedom of information battle. “They always say that the public gets the wrong idea about UFOs, but they’ve actually encouraged that themselves by destroying the files. They’ve actually encouraged conspiracy theorists through their own paranoia,” he said.
The MoD does not officially respond to queries relating to UFOs. It closed its UFO desk in 2009 after it was decided it served no defence purpose and that it took staff away from more valuable defence-related activities.
NASA's InSight Mars lander is a stationary probe designed to study the interior of the Red Planet. It will be a stationary mission, not like NASA's famous Opportunity, Spirit and Curiosity rovers,. Staying in place is necessary for its major science goals, which include learning more about the Martian composition, and how tectonically active Mars is. The mission will also be notable for its CubeSats, which will be the first time such tiny spacecraft fly beyond Earth.
InSight launched toward Mars on May 5, 2018, from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, on an Atlas V vehicle from United Launch Alliance. If successful, the mission will land on Nov. 26, 2018, at the Martian Elysium Planitia, an equatorial zone just south of an ancient volcanic area. InSight will send back data about the Red Planet's interior for about 1 Mars year, or 728 Earth-days (a little more than two Earth years). You can see launch photos here.
This artist's concept from August 2015 depicts NASA's InSight Mars lander fully deployed for studying the deep interior of Mars.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
InSight is short for a rather lengthy name: Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport. The mission has a total cost of $814 million, NASA officials have said.
Brief development history
InSight was one of 28 submissions for NASA's next Discovery-class mission in 2010. This type of mission is a lower-cost explorer of the solar system. During InSight's selection round, individual proposals weren't allowed to exceed $425 million, excluding the cost of the launch vehicle.
InSight – then known as the Geophysical Monitoring Station (GEMS) – and two other finalists (Titan Mare Explorer and Comet Hopper) each received $3 million in May 2011 to perform a concept study. InSight was tapped in August 2012 for the next launch. Construction began on InSight in May 2014. Its manufacturer is Lockheed Martin Space Systems.
In December 2015, NASA announced it could not launch as planned in March 2016 because of a leak in one of the craft's instruments, the Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (SEIS). At the time, agency officials said the mission might be removed entirely from the launch manifest. One limitation the agency cited was concern about exceeding the $675 million cost of the mission that included launch, data analyses and scientific operations. (At the time, they had spent $525 million.)
By the following fall, in September 2016, NASA announced a revised launch date for InSight. The announced delay to spring 2018 was no large surprise to the community, because the orbits of Mars and Earth only align favorably for a spacecraft flight every 26 months; outside of that window, it takes too much fuel to easily get to the Red Planet.
"The instrument redesign and two-year delay add $153.8 million" to the $675 million mission cost, NASA said in a statement. "The additional cost will not delay or cancel any current missions, though there may be fewer opportunities for new missions in future years, from fiscal years 2017-2020," it added.
InSight's landing zone is a flat stretch of the western Elysium Planitia, near the Martian equator.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
Science goals and instruments
InSight has two major science goals, according to NASA. The first is to examine the interior — what it is made of, and what processes occur. The lander will provide information on the size and composition of the Martian core, crust and mantle. It also will show "how warm the interior is and how much heat is still flowing through," NASA said. The second goal is to learn if Mars is tectonically active (including where seismic activity is located), and how frequently meteorites slam into its surface.
"Previous missions to the Red Planet have investigated its surface by studying its canyons, volcanoes, rocks and soil. But the signatures of the planet's formation can only be found by sensing and studying its vital signs far below the surface," NASA said.
InSight has three instruments that are designed to look at the deep interior of Mars and learn about the planet's geological activity, warmth and elements of its evolution, according to NASA.
The Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure (SEIS) will detect seismic waves from meteorite impacts, magma movements inside the planet, or marsquakes.
The Heat Flow and Physical Properties Probe, or HP3, will burrow about 5 meters (16 feet) into the surface. Its main job is to sense heat underground.
The Rotation and Interior Structure Experiment, or RISE, will aim to provide more information about the composition of the Martian core. It will keep careful track of where the lander is located, and from that information, discern any wobbles in the orbit of Mars as the planet orbits the sun. The composition of the core will influence the degree and type of oscillation Mars experiences.
InSight has a robotic arm that is more than 7 feet (2.4 m) long. This arm will place the seismometer and heat-flow probe on the surface for their measurements. The arm also features a camera that will take "color 3D views of the landing site, instrument placement, and activities," according to NASA. In addition, InSight has sensors to provide information on the weather, and any changes in the local magnetic field nearby the lander.
Riding along with InSight will be the first cubesats to fly beyond Earth. The experiment, which encompasses two spacecraft, is called Mars Cube One. The cubesats will fly behind InSight during its journey to Mars. NASA has named the cubesats "Wall-E" and "Eva" because they use fire extinguisher fluid as thruster propellant, just like the animated robot in Disney's "Wall-E" movie.
If successful, once InSight begins its entry into the Martian atmosphere, the cubesats will send information back to Earth about the spacecraft's last few minutes flying to the Red Planet's surface.
SCI-FI MOVIES ARE WRONG ABOUT ALIENS, E.T. HUNTER JILL TARTER SAYS
Keone Young (left) and Tommy Lee Jones holding "Spiky Bulba" in Columbia Pictures' Men in Black 3.
Credit: Wilson Webb
SCI-FI MOVIES ARE WRONG ABOUT ALIENS, E.T. HUNTER JILL TARTER SAYS
By SPACE.com Staff
Despite what the movies tell us, any aliens that visit Earth probably won't want to enslave or vaporize us, veteran E.T. hunter Jill Tarter says.
Hostile aliens abound at the multiplex these days, terrorizing our planet in films such as "Battleship" and "Men in Black 3." But science fiction is probably far from reality in its depiction of Earth-contacting extraterrestrials, said Tarter, who announced Monday (May 22) that she's retiring after spending 35 years scanning the heavens for signals from intelligent life beyond Earth.
"If aliens were able to visit Earth, that would mean they would have technological capabilities sophisticated enough not to need slaves, food or other planets," Tarter, who is stepping down as director of the Center for SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) Research at the SETI Institute in Mountain View, Calif., said in a statement.
Tarter's confidence in aliens' benign intentions puts her at odds with famed British astrophysicist Stephen Hawking, who has warned that extraterrestrial civilzations may venture our way to strip-mine our planet for resources.
Astronomer Dr. Jill Tarter, longtime director of the Center for SETI Research at the SETI Institute, and also holder of the Bernard M. Oliver Chair for SETI.
Credit: SETI
"While Sir Stephen Hawking warned that alien life might try to conquer or colonize Earth, I respectfully disagree," Tarter said. "If aliens were to come here, it would be simply to explore. Considering the age of the universe, we probably wouldn’t be their first extraterrestrial encounter, either."
Tarter, other scientists and a variety of artists and entertainers will gather next month in Santa Clara, Calif., to discuss such issues in depth. SETICon II, held June 22-24, will explore humanity's place in the universe and the future of the search for life beyond Earth, conference organizers said.
While Tarter, 68, is retiring from her long-held research role at the SETI Institute, she will continue to devote herself to the search for E.T. She'll fundraise full-time for the Institute, which had to shut down its alien-hunting Allen Telescope Array for seven months last year because of a budget shortfall.
Follow SPACE.com for the latest in space science and exploration news on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.
MAN CAMPING IN THE DESERT AND FILMING BRIGHT UFO IN AREA 51
MAN CAMPING IN THE DESERT AND FILMING BRIGHT UFO IN AREA 51
In this curious video, a man narrates an impressive scene. During registration, this citizen who for obvious reasons does not identify himself, seems really enthusiastic while filming a well-lit and isolated area between the mountains, which the author of the record claims to be the well-known Area 51.
Area 51, as it is called the US Army base located about 130 kilometers northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada, where, according to many researchers and even ex-military, they claim to have reverse-engineered tests and experiments conducted through of UNV wreckage recovered by the military.
Satellite images of the supposed Area 51
There are reports of many underground levels where humans and aliens would be working together. It is also speculated that there are several kilometer tunnels linking the base to many distinct US locations.
The recording man says he was camping some distance from Area 51 and a few days ago he spotted some lights in the sky that went up and down and flew around the area, lights like the ones he’s showing.
Satellite images of the supposed Area 51
Suddenly the object emanating a very intense blue light began to rise slowly as the witness narrated the scene. Quickly, the UFO moves to the right and fires to and to the left at an unimaginable speed for any terrestrial technology that has news. We know that nowadays, it is very easy to create fake videos that look realistic, it is often possible to perceive and others need a deeper analysis.
In the video in question, in a brief analysis, we can see that the landscape shown in the images really matches the location. The question of brightness and audio are things to watch out for. The way the light of the object hits the mountain and illuminates it subtly and the intonation in the cameraman’s voice helps to make the footage true.
The movement of the object in a perspective issue with regard to the environment is also faithful, since with the low resolution of the registry, it is even more difficult to accurately analyze and diagnose the authenticity, in addition to the absence of more data from the witness, but it has not nothing to contradict that this video can be real. What do you think?
THIRD SNOWY PYRAMID RECENTLY DISCOVERED IN ANTARCTICA COULD REWRITE HISTORY
THIRD SNOWY PYRAMID RECENTLY DISCOVERED IN ANTARCTICA COULD REWRITE HISTORY
Though not everyone is willing to admit it, our planet is full of relics and monuments that prove Earth was once populated by extremely advanced civilizations. Point in case: the third ice-covered pyramid discovered in Antarctica!
Ever since the service was released, Google Earth been a boon not just for conspiracy theorists but also for anyone looking to uncover clues about what lies hidden beyond sight. If you need a good vantage point, you need good eyes and altitude. Satellites have both.
The latest in a group of three snow-covered pyramids was recently discovered through Google Earth satellite imagery and in a few days, the finding has taken the alternative history communities by storm. Two of the pyramids can be found approximately 10 miles inland while the third rests near the coastline.
The implications of this discovery are complex and if accepted, it could turn the scientific world on its head. No history book ever mentioned an Antarctic civilization with the skills and technology necessary to erect enormous pyramids. There is one apparent reason behind this situation and by the looks of it, it would suggest tech-savvy civilizations existed on Earth a long time before our own emerged.
Antarctica is now a frozen wasteland but it wasn’t always like this. It got to its current position through plate tectonics, inching closer to the geographic South Pole year after year. Millions of years ago, Antarctica’s climate was much warmer because its position was closer to the equator. This is established fact backed up by several accepted discoveries, not some wild speculation.
Some years ago, the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) uncovered evidence that the antarctic climate was much different in the distant past.
Go back 100 million years ago,” BAS’s Dr. Vanessa Bowman said “and Antarctica was covered in lush rainforests similar to those that exist in New Zealand today.”
Another expedition –led by NASA and involving 11 other scientific organizations– discovered out-of-place microbial life forms in the depths of Antarctica’s Lake Vida, trapped under a sheet of ice 65 feet thick. The microbial colonies had been prospering in isolation for millions of years and scientists believe they are the descendants of microorganisms that lived in a much warmer climate. Who knows what other enigmas lay buried in ice, hopelessly waiting to be revealed.
The resemblance is unsettling.
Even with today’s technology, building structures as massive as the pyramids of Antarctica would be nearly impossible. There are simply too many problems relating to manpower and the logistics required for such a project. If building these mysterious monuments were to be a viable venture, it must have taken place in the past, when Antarctica was a favorable place for human life.
And this opens up a king-sized can of worms. The continent was habitable only in the very distant past, but mainstream science says the wheel wasn’t invented until some 6,000 years ago. At the same time, anatomically-modern humans are said to have mastered fire only 125,000 years ago. So where do these controversial pyramids fit in? Are they evidence of an ancient advanced civilization or do we need to stretch our imagination even further and regard them as proof of time travel? The mind boggles when we remain attached to our outdated beliefs.
Proponents of alternative history and fans of the ancient aliens hypothesis have no problem in accepting the parallel reality generated by such discoveries. It’s not hard to see and accept that we aren’t the first and though it may seem this way, we probably won’t be the last.
Thousands of years after they were built, we are still fascinated by the Egyptian pyramids. The monuments left behind by their society have stood the test of time and in more than one way, they’ve granted their builders immortality. Keeping that in mind, what could be said about pyramids that are millions of years old? Does that put our own lives into perspective and make us see the bigger picture?
THIRD SNOWY PYRAMID RECENTLY DISCOVERED IN ANTARCTICA COULD REWRITE HISTORY
THIRD SNOWY PYRAMID RECENTLY DISCOVERED IN ANTARCTICA COULD REWRITE HISTORY
Though not everyone is willing to admit it, our planet is full of relics and monuments that prove Earth was once populated by extremely advanced civilizations. Point in case: the third ice-covered pyramid discovered in Antarctica!
Ever since the service was released, Google Earth been a boon not just for conspiracy theorists but also for anyone looking to uncover clues about what lies hidden beyond sight. If you need a good vantage point, you need good eyes and altitude. Satellites have both.
The latest in a group of three snow-covered pyramids was recently discovered through Google Earth satellite imagery and in a few days, the finding has taken the alternative history communities by storm. Two of the pyramids can be found approximately 10 miles inland while the third rests near the coastline.
The implications of this discovery are complex and if accepted, it could turn the scientific world on its head. No history book ever mentioned an Antarctic civilization with the skills and technology necessary to erect enormous pyramids. There is one apparent reason behind this situation and by the looks of it, it would suggest tech-savvy civilizations existed on Earth a long time before our own emerged.
Antarctica is now a frozen wasteland but it wasn’t always like this. It got to its current position through plate tectonics, inching closer to the geographic South Pole year after year. Millions of years ago, Antarctica’s climate was much warmer because its position was closer to the equator. This is established fact backed up by several accepted discoveries, not some wild speculation.
Some years ago, the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) uncovered evidence that the antarctic climate was much different in the distant past.
Go back 100 million years ago,” BAS’s Dr. Vanessa Bowman said “and Antarctica was covered in lush rainforests similar to those that exist in New Zealand today.”
Another expedition –led by NASA and involving 11 other scientific organizations– discovered out-of-place microbial life forms in the depths of Antarctica’s Lake Vida, trapped under a sheet of ice 65 feet thick. The microbial colonies had been prospering in isolation for millions of years and scientists believe they are the descendants of microorganisms that lived in a much warmer climate. Who knows what other enigmas lay buried in ice, hopelessly waiting to be revealed.
The resemblance is unsettling.
Even with today’s technology, building structures as massive as the pyramids of Antarctica would be nearly impossible. There are simply too many problems relating to manpower and the logistics required for such a project. If building these mysterious monuments were to be a viable venture, it must have taken place in the past, when Antarctica was a favorable place for human life.
And this opens up a king-sized can of worms. The continent was habitable only in the very distant past, but mainstream science says the wheel wasn’t invented until some 6,000 years ago. At the same time, anatomically-modern humans are said to have mastered fire only 125,000 years ago. So where do these controversial pyramids fit in? Are they evidence of an ancient advanced civilization or do we need to stretch our imagination even further and regard them as proof of time travel? The mind boggles when we remain attached to our outdated beliefs.
Proponents of alternative history and fans of the ancient aliens hypothesis have no problem in accepting the parallel reality generated by such discoveries. It’s not hard to see and accept that we aren’t the first and though it may seem this way, we probably won’t be the last.
Thousands of years after they were built, we are still fascinated by the Egyptian pyramids. The monuments left behind by their society have stood the test of time and in more than one way, they’ve granted their builders immortality. Keeping that in mind, what could be said about pyramids that are millions of years old? Does that put our own lives into perspective and make us see the bigger picture?
This Map Lets You Travel Back In Time And See What Earth Looked Like 600 Million Years Ago
This Map Lets You Travel Back In Time And See What Earth Looked Like 600 Million Years Ago
A stunning new interactive map lets you travel back in time and see how our planet’s continents have changed through more than 600 million years.
The ancient Earth Globe lets viewers appreciate how Earth’s continents have transformed while ocean levels advanced and receded through 600 million years of our planet’s history.
The stunning map was built using research gathered by Northern Arizona University. According to one of the interactive map’s creators, a former Google engineer, it shows how humans are ‘just a blip in history.’
The stunning map allows you to travel through 600 million years of our planet’s history. To understand what occurred at a certain time, the map features a small description of the period you are currently viewing.
For example, if we decide to see what the Earth looked like 600 million years ago, the ancient Earth Globe map tells us that we are looking at the Ediacaran Period. Life is evolving in the sea, and multicellular life is just beginning to emerge.
In the menu, we can scroll through different ages. 560 million years ago, we see the Late Ediacaran. Life is evolving in the sea, and multicellular life is just beginning to emerge.
A mass extinction is about to take place, tells the map while we see an unrecognizable Earth.
500 million years ago we traveled to the Late Cambrian. The interactive map explains how the ocean is teeming with life following a dramatic expansion of animal diversity in the sea, known as the “Cambrian explosion.” The forms of some animals show ancestry to modern animals.
Traveling further in time, we decided to stop by and see how our planet looked like 430 million years ago, during the Silurian Period.
The interactive map tells us that a mass extinction took place, wiping out nearly half of marine invertebrate species. The first land plants emerge, starting at the edge of the ocean. Plants evolve vascularity, the ability to transport water and nutrients through their tissues. Ocean life becomes larger and more complex, and some creatures venture out of reefs and onto land.
300 Million years ago we arrived at the Late Carboniferous.
Plants developed root systems that allowed them to grow larger and move inland. Environments evolved below tree canopies. Atmospheric oxygen increased as plants spread on land. Early reptiles have evolved, and giant insects diversify. Earth still looks unrecognizable.
If we travel to 200 million years ago, to the Late Triassic, we see a more familiar planet, although continents we see today have still not formed.
During the Late Triassic, an extinction event is about to happen, resulting in the disappearance of 76% of all terrestrial and marine life species and significantly reducing surviving populations. Some families, such as pterosaurs, crocodiles, mammals, and fish were minimally affected.
The first true dinosaurs emerge.
Earth, 105 million years ago, during the Cretaceous period begins to take a more familiar shape. During this period, Ceratopsian and pachycephalosaurid dinosaurs evolve. Modern mammal, bird, and insect groups emerge.
20 million years ago we see planet Earth during the Neocene Period where mammals and birds continue to evolve into modern forms. Early hominids emerge in Africa.
Check out the map and enjoy scrolling through Earth’s long history.
The map offers a unique educational experience that will surely help us understand not only how continents have shifted and changed through history, but it will also help us understand how they will continue doing so.
How Would Humanity React If We Really Found Aliens?
How Would Humanity React If We Really Found Aliens?
If aliens reach out to us, what would happen first?
It’s a question that has puzzled science-fiction fans and scientists alike for decades, and we already may have a hint of how people will react. On Oct. 30, 1938, a dramatized version of the 1898 H.G. Wells novel “The War of the Worlds” played on the CBS Radio system across the United States. The story details how Martians attacked Earth.
The radio broadcast caused a reaction when people mistook it for a real radio report, but accounts vary as to how much of a reaction there was. Some accounts describe nationwide panic, while others say not very many people actually listened to the broadcast. The promise of alien life stars in Episode 1 of “AMC Visionaries: James Cameron’s Story of Science Fiction,” which debuts on AMC tonight. Still, Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) researcher Duncan Forgan told Space.com the “War of the Worlds” broadcast may be instructive to think about as SETI scientists worldwide update their “first contact” protocols.
“If you pick the right science fiction — the hard science fiction — it’s placed in the best possible educated guesses about what will happen,” said Forgan, who is a research fellow at the University of St Andrews in Scotland. He explained that “hard” science fiction refers to science fiction that emphasizes accuracy (think the 2015 movie “The Martian,” for example).
If researchers find a signal today, Forgan said, one of the things they will have to manage is a public used to getting constant news updates on Twitter and other forms of social media. It’s something Forgan and his colleagues are already working on. The International Academy of Astronautics SETI Permanent Committee created a post-detection protocol in 1989 that was slightly updated in 2010; a new update is starting soon and should be finished in a few years, Forgan said.
Scientific work
For the most part, scientists assume alien contact would happen through a signal purposely sent toward Earth. The “acid test” is to make sure the signal is verified by multiple observatories, said SETI Institute senior astronomer Seth Shostak. “It would take a while to verify, and then the people who like to think about these matters say you would have a press conference and announce this to the world,” he said, but he added that wouldn’t work unless everyone in the project were sworn to secrecy. In this era of news leaks, he said that situation is very unlikely to hold.
So, scientists try instead to stick to a protocol that includes informing the public. The 2010 IAA protocol is only two pages and covers facets such as searching for a signal, handling evidence and what to do in the case of a confirmed detection.
If the evidence gets out to the public while the scientists are still analyzing the signal, Forgan said they could manage the public’s expectations by using something called the Rio Scale. It’s essentially a numeric value that represents the degree of likelihood that an alien contact is “real.” (Forgan added that the Rio Scale is also undergoing an update, and more should be coming out about it in May.)
If the aliens did arrive here, “first contact” protocols likely would be useless, because if they’re smart enough to show up physically, they could probably do anything else they like, according to Shostak. “Personally, I would leave town,” Shostak quipped. “I would get a rocket and get out of the way. I have no idea what they are here for.”
But there’s little need to worry. An “Independence Day” scenario of aliens blowing up important national buildings such as the White House is extremely unlikely, Forgan said, because interstellar travel is difficult. (This feeds into something called the Drake Equation, which considers where the aliens could be and helps show why we haven’t heard anything from them yet.)
Early SETI work
To find a signal, first we have to be listening for it. SETI “listening” is going on all over the world, and in fact, this has been happening for many decades. The first modern SETI experiment took place in 1960. Under Project Ozma, Cornell University astronomer Frank Drake pointed a radio telescope (located at Green Bank, West Virginia) at two stars called Tau Ceti and Epsilon Eridani. He scanned at a frequency astronomers nickname “the water hole,” which is close to the frequency of light that’s given off by hydrogen and hydroxyl (one hydrogen atom bonded to one oxygen atom).
In 1977, The Ohio State University SETI’s program made international headlines after a project volunteer, Jerry Ehman, wrote, “Wow!” beside a strong signal a telescope there received. The Aug. 15, 1977, “Wow” signal was never repeated, however.
There have been many, many projects since then. As a taste: The SETI Institute was founded in 1984; while it may be the most famous of the SETI projects, there are many other independent SETIs at universities and institutions worldwide that have done work over the decades. One of the center’s major initiatives was Project Phoenix, which scanned nearby, sun-like stars. Currently, the SETI Institute, in collaboration with other institutes, is working on a concept called the Allen Telescope Array, which has dozens of radio dishes in northern California.
In 2015, the well-known physicist Stephen Hawking and many other researchers launched Breakthrough Listen, a project that will scan 1 million Milky Way stars and 100 nearby galaxies for extraterrestrial life.
Space-based SETI
While searches of alien messages aren’t ongoing in space, there have been efforts to communicate with any beings that may come across our spacecraft.
The Pioneer 10 and 11 probes flew by Jupiter (and in Pioneer 11’s case, Saturn) to eventually make their way out of the solar system. Before their launches in 1972 and 1973, respectively, a Pioneer plaque was mounted on board each spacecraft. It shows the form of the human body and where the Earth is located in the galaxy.
The twin Voyager probes launched in 1977 to examine the outer solar system. Voyager 2 reached interstellar space in 2012, while Voyager 1 is still at the edge of the solar system. Each of the spacecraft includes two golden records with sounds recorded on Earth, ranging from whale calls to music to the word “hello” in many languages. The record also has diagrams of the human body and where our solar system is located.
Scientists also transmitted a radio message from the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico in 1974. The so-called Arecibo Message includes such things as the numbers 1 through 10; the atomic numbers of elements such as hydrogen and oxygen; information about DNA; and diagrams of a human body, the Earth and our solar system.
In a related field, the study of exoplanets has accelerated in recent years with the Kepler mission, which has found more than 2,000 confirmed exoplanets alone, as well as other observatories on the ground and in space. Scientists are now trying to characterize which of these planets may be the most habitable. Atmospheric studies and more detailed looks at star activity will be some of the activities scientists undertake with future telescopes, such as the James Webb Space Telescope, which will launch in 2020.
This story was inspired by Episode 1 of “AMC Visionaries: James Cameron’s Story of Science Fiction,” which airs tonight at 10 p.m. EDT/PDT (9 p.m. CDT). A companion book is available on Amazon.com.
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NASA Technology Helps Reveal Hidden Texts On Dead Sea Scrolls In Stunning Discovery
NASA Technology Helps Reveal Hidden Texts On Dead Sea Scrolls In Stunning Discovery
Who says that NASA only makes fantastic discoveries in space?
Using a specialized camera initially developed by NASA, researchers in Israel made a stunning discovery while analyzing texts on the famous Dead Sea Scrolls.
According to an announcement by the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA), experts have uncovered previously hidden text on the Dead Sea Scrolls, raising many questions whether there are more ancient manuscripts featuring writings invisible to the naked eye.
After analyzing the ancient manuscripts with infrared using a multispectral imaging camera, experts from Israel have revealed that dozens of ancient scroll fragments, previously thought to be blank, actually contain traces of ink.
The Dead Sea Scrolls fragments, which are believed to be around 2,000 years old are extremely fragile.
Image Credit: Shai Halevi Israel Antiquities Authority
The Dead Sea Scrolls are a massive historical collection featuring more than 900 religious manuscripts, as well as miniature text fragments recovered in a cave system (Qumran Caves) near the shores of the Dead Sea, near the ancient settlement of Khirbet Qumran.
Oren Ableman, a researcher on the manuscripts of the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA) and a Ph.D. student at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, discovered the new writing while examining a dozen fragments of finding in the Qumran Caves, revealed the Israel Antiquities Authority.
The detailed study, conducted by Ableman has allowed deciphering the writing of many of the fragments and even knowing which manuscripts probably belong to some of the new fragments.
Oren Ableman, a scroll researcher at the Dead Sea Scrolls unit of the Israel Antiquities Authority, examining the ink traces that have been discovered.
Image Credit: Shai Halevi, The Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library.
“I do feel honored to be part of it. Sometimes I feel like, I’m just a Ph.D. student, and I’m finding these discoveries,” said Abelman. “It’s exciting.”
The discovery was presented at a conference in Israel called “The Dead Sea Scrolls at Seventy: Clear a Path in the Wilderness.”
“As part of the project each of the thousands of fragments of the Dead Sea Scrolls is imaged to monitor its physical condition and make the best possible images available to the public,” the organization wrote in a statement.
As noted in the statement, the discovery made by experts features fragments from the books of Deuteronomy, Leviticus, Jubilees (also known as the Lesser Genesis), and The Temple Scroll, which is the longest of all the Dead Sea Scrolls found to date. These ancient manuscripts have been dated to range from the 3rd century BC to the 1st century CE.
The hidden writings reveal a script that belongs to a third copy of the temple scroll, an ancient text where God explains to Moses how a temple should be erected, and how services within the temple should be performed.
Until now, experts were only aware of the existence of two Temple Scrolls, but the discovery adds another one to the collection.
Also, researchers have identified a fragment belonging to the Scroll of the Great Psalms (11Q5); retaining a part of the beginning of Psalm 147: 1.
And, finally, another fragment contains letters written in an ancient Hebrew script (paleo-Hebrew alphabet).
This fragment could not be attributed to any of the known manuscripts, so it is possible that it belonged to a still, hitherto unknown manuscript.
According to Head of the Israel Antiquities Authority’s Dead Sea Scrolls Lab Pnina Shor, “Multispectral imaging lets us read what is invisible to the eye.”
“Every image is an act of preservation,” said Shor. “If God forbid, something happens to the scroll; we still have 100% accurately reliable images.”
Featured Image Credit: The Great Psalms Scroll (11Q5) together with the new fragment containing Psalm 147:1. Shai Halevi, The Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library.
Underwater Drones Are Exploring Shipwrecks Below The Gulf Of Mexico—And What They’ve Found Is Incredible
Underwater Drones Are Exploring Shipwrecks Below The Gulf Of Mexico—And What They’ve Found Is Incredible
Among many incredible finds, researchers have discovered never-before-seen, unidentified shipwrecks located thousands of feet below the surface.
That there are many secrets hidden beneath the ocean is no mystery. That we haven’t had the time nor interest in exploring these secrets also isn’t a mystery.
However, Scientists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration are conducting an expedition to explore the many shipwrecks located in the uncharted water in some of the deepest parts of the Gulf of Mexico, and what they’ve recorded is beyond fascinating.
In order to explore the unknown, researchers used remote-controlled submersible vehicles, discovering never-before-seen details and investigating different shipwrecks on the ocean floor, located in the most remote, least-explored pars of the Gulf of Mexico.
Among the discoveries, researchers uncovered German U-boats, as well as pirate vessels believed to date back to the 19th century.
Now, using modern technology, experts are trying to learn as much as they can about the histories and fates of these ships, which the ocean claimed in the distant past.
Among the discoveries, experts from NOAA found the remains of a tugboat, named New Hope, which sank in a tropical storm in the 1960’s. While the ship sank, the Coast Guard luckily saved the crew from going down with the ship.
Seen here is the bow and view into the hull of what is believed to be the wreck of the tugboat New Hope.
Image credit: NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research, Gulf of Mexico 2018.
“On September 29, 1965, New Hope encountered the strong winds and high seas of Tropical Storm Debbie off the Louisiana coast. With the crew having trouble pumping water out of the hull, the U.S. Coast Guard received a distress call around 1 AM and dispatched an aircraft to deploy a backup pump. Also, on board, the aircraft was the latest in Search and Rescue technology: a floating radio beacon for use with a radio direction finder. In use, the beacon is dropped close to the distressed vessel to mark its position and to act as a drifting reference.
The seven-member crew boarded a life raft and abandoned the foundering New Hope at 3 AM, just as the aircraft arrived to mark its position with the beacon. Staying on the scene until daylight, the aircraft vectored a Coast Guard helicopter to the raft to conduct a safe rescue of the entire crew.”
But New Hope is just one of the many shipwrecks photographed by the underwater mission.
An unidentified shipwreck discovered by industry mapping surveys. According to NOAA, it appeared to be a portion of a wooden vessel with a few metal items inside.
Image credit: NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research, Gulf of Mexico 2018.
Image courtesy of the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research, Gulf of Mexico 2018.
Deep Discoverer explored an unknown shipwreck identified by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management simply as “ID Number 15377.”
Image credit: NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research, Gulf of Mexico 2018.
Image courtesy of the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research, Gulf of Mexico 2018.
Image courtesy of the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research, Gulf of Mexico 2018.
Not a shipwreck but a natural extrusion of tar on the floor of the Gulf of Mexico.
Image courtesy of the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research, Gulf of Mexico 2012.
View inside the conning tower of the German U-boat U-166.
Image courtesy of the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management.
Seen here is the bow of a ship that’s believed to be a privateer.
Image courtesy of the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration and Research, Gulf of Mexico 2012.
The solar eclipse on August 21, 2017, was seen from space by the DSCOVR satellite. The moon’s shadow spurred an atmospheric wave that propagated around the world for hours after the eclipse was over.
It was the eclipse felt ‘round the world. The August 21, 2017, total solar eclipse that crossed the United States launched a wave in the upper atmosphere that was detected nearly an hour later from Brazil (SN Online: 8/11/17).
“The eclipse itself is a local phenomenon, but our study shows that it had effects around the world,” says space scientist Brian Harding of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Harding watched the eclipse from St. Louis. But he and his colleagues activated a probe near São João do Cariri, Brazil, to observe uncharged particles 250 kilometers high in a part of the atmosphere called the thermosphere.
The probe recorded a fast-moving wave in the thermosphere go by half an hour after sunset in São João do Cariri and 55 minutes after the end of the total eclipse, the team reported April 24 in Geophysical Research Letters. The wave is produced by the motion of the moon’s shadow, which cooled the atmosphere below it. That cold spot then acted like a sink, sucking in the warmer air ahead of it and causing a ripple in the atmosphere as the cold spot moved across the globe.
Previous eclipses also have launched waves at similar altitudes in the ionosphere, the charged plasma of the atmosphere, which overlaps with the electrically neutral thermosphere (SN Online: 8/13/17). This is the first time that scientists have observed a wave in the uncharged part of the atmosphere. Neutral particles are 100 to 1,000 times denser than plasma in the atmosphere, and it’s important to know how they behave too, Harding says.
HALF A WORLD AWAY
This simulation predicts the atmosphere’s response to a solar eclipse. Color shows how temperature changes, and black lines trace motion in the atmosphere. The moon’s shadow cooled the atmosphere, producing a large wave that was visible from a research station in Brazil (black square) after the eclipse had ended.
Listen to the sound of our galaxy rotating. The variation of musical pitches portrays the motion of gas as it orbits around the center of our galaxy.
Scientists often transform astronomy data into pictures, but University of Californa Santa Barbara postdoctoral fellow Greg Salvesen went in a different direction. He decided to map raw data to sound.
Salvesen’s recently launched website, Astronomy Sound of the Month or AstroSoM, features different sounds produced from actual astronomy data, with an explanation by an astronomer. Salvesen said in a statement:
AstroSoM explores how sound complements more traditional astronomy data analysis. Besides, making sounds out of real astronomy data is just plain cool!
For his latest feature (above), Salvesen collaborated with University of Massachusetts astronomy professor Mark Heyer to turn complex data into visual and aural components that track the movement of gas through our galaxy. The resulting Milky Way Blues allow you to “hear” how our galaxy rotates.
For the composition, Heyer developed an algorithm that transforms astronomical data about galactic gases into musical notes. By assigning different tones and length of notes to the observed spectra of each gas phase, said Heyer, an astronomer can express a crucial feature of the galaxy that is missing in astronomical images – movement.
Heyer chose to compose this piece using a pentatonic scale – with five notes in the octave instead of seven – and in a minor key, because, he said:
When I heard the bass notes it sounded jazzy and blue.
I’ve been true to the data, I haven’t massaged it to make it sound nice, but by turning what we actually observe with a radio telescope into a musical scale it gives us familiar tones that sound surprisingly like music with which we’re familiar.
Here’s the explanation of the Milky Way Blues, from AstroSoM:
Radio telescopes observe different spectral emission lines to probe different phases of gas (atomic, molecular, ionized). Astronomers measure the Doppler shifts of these lines to determine gas velocities along the path that the telescope is pointing. To turn one of these observations into musical notes, the measured gas velocities are mapped to a pentatonic minor blues scale.
Each note and circle represents gas that is either coming toward Earth (high notes and blue color) or moving away from it (low notes and red color). Different gas phases are played by different instruments — acoustic bass (atomic), wood blocks (molecular), saxophone (ionized) and piano (molecular) — and are represented by different colored borders on the circles.
A line showing where the telescope was pointing represents each observation, and the positions of the circles along a line show the locations of the gas in the galaxy. The star symbol shows the location of the sun. The intensity of the emission coming from the gas is heard as longer note durations and shown as larger circles.
With every new measure, the lines swing around to new observations. Putting it all together, the variation of musical pitches heard in Milky Way Blues portrays the motion of gas as it orbits around the center of our galaxy.
Check out more pieces on the AstroSoM website, such as The Inner Solar System Plays Radiohead’s Saddest Song, or Never a Mundane Supernova in the Sky. Each post includes a short summary and links for more detailed explanations.
Greg Salvesen.
Image via Sonia Fernandez.
Bottom line: An astronomer transforms raw astronomy data into music.
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