NASA’s New Planet Hunter Snaps Initial Test Image, Swings by Moon Toward Final Orbit

NASA’s next planet hunter, the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), is one step closer to searching for new worlds after successfully completing a lunar flyby on May 17. The spacecraft passed about 5,000 miles from the Moon, which provided a gravity assist that helped TESS sail toward its final working orbit.

As part of camera commissioning, the science team snapped a two-second test exposure using one of the four TESS cameras. The image, centered on the southern constellation Centaurus, reveals more than 200,000 stars. The edge of the Coalsack Nebula is in the right upper corner and the bright star Beta Centauri is visible at the lower left edge. TESS is expected to cover more than 400 times as much sky as shown in this image with its four cameras during its initial two-year search for exoplanets. A  science-quality image, also referred to as a “first light” image, is expected to be released in June.

This test image from one of the four cameras aboard the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) captures a swath of the southern sky along the plane of our galaxy. TESS is expected to cover more than 400 times the amount of sky shown in this image when using all four of its cameras during science operations.
Credits: NASA/MIT/TESS

TESS will undergo one final thruster burn on May 30 to enter its science orbit around Earth. This highly elliptical orbit will maximize the amount of sky the spacecraft can image, allowing it to continuously monitor large swaths of the sky. TESS is expected to begin science operations in mid-June after reaching this orbit and completing camera calibrations

An animation of the steps TESS must complete before reaching its final orbit. The observatory just completed its lunar flyby and is on track to reach its final science orbit in mid-June.
Credits: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center
Download this video in HD formats from the Scientific Visualization Studio at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center

TESS is a NASA Astrophysics Explorer mission led and operated by MIT in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and managed by NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. Dr. George Ricker of MIT’s Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research serves as principal investigator for the mission. Additional partners include Orbital ATK, based in Dulles, Virginia; NASA’s Ames Research Center in California’s Silicon Valley; the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Massachusetts; and the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore. The TESS science instruments were jointly developed by MIT’s Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research and MIT’s Lincoln Laboratory. More than a dozen universities, research institutes and observatories worldwide are participants in the mission.

Banner image: An illustration of TESS as it passed the Moon during its lunar flyby. This provided a gravitational boost that placed TESS on course for its final working orbit. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center

{ https://www.nasa.gov/ }

19-05-2018 om 22:50 geschreven door peter  

WHO COULD MAKE A FACE LIKE THIS & INCLUDE A BINARY CODE MESSAGE IN THE MIDDLE OF THE NIGHT?

  

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The crop circle above appeared in 2002, in a field near Crabwood, UK. Yes, it’s real, it’s been filmed and documented in the Crop Circle archives, and you can see better pictures and video footage of it below. So, it happened, regardless of who you believe made it. It’s ridiculously precise, like many others, and contains a humanoid face but looks like a version of the typical “grey” alien. It also includes a hand with fingers and in the hand is a disc with a binary code, as well as 3 points in alignment over the beings right shoulder that may represent the constellation of Orion (Orion’s Belt).

Crop circles happen all over the world, and they’re made quite often. Constantly ignored by mainstream media, these intricate, complicated, precise and beautiful designs only seem to be brought up in a ridicule type piece. Perhaps because UFOs (balls of light) are associated with some of these designs (more on that below), and because there was, as the first director of the Central Intelligence Agency once said (CIA),  an “official campaign of secrecy and ridicule, many citizens are led to believe the unknown flying objects are nonsense.” 

It’s not surprising given what we already know about the CIA’s connection to mainstream media, and why we’ve seen so many ridicule pieces on these kinds of things in the public, thus influencing the collective mind.

For anybody who has looked into the phenomenon in a serious matter, and many have, there are anomalies surrounding them that can’t really be explained, unless you accept an ‘unconventional’  explanation.

The only time they get attention are when they are sloppy and man made, like this one. The more complex and extremely precise ones have strange measurements associated with them (mentioned later) and are made in the dead of night leaving no traces, marks, or footprints.

To be honest, I wouldn’t be surprised if many circles were man made (many are and we know this), but if it was deliberate to debunk the phenomenon is another matter to be discussed.

The photograph below was taken by Lucy Pringle, as well as the one above,  but it was viewed by many. Here’s a close up of the Binary Circle:

Not all are unexplainable, some are clearly man made, while others remain drowned in mystery. Richard Taylor, a physicist at the University of Oregon, is one of several academics to take interest in the crop circle phenomenon within recent years, unfortunately, his is the only work that seems to be published in a serious peer reviewed scientific manner.µ

Taylor, despite ridiculing any ‘supernatural’ type of hypothesis, believes that “crop circle artists are not going to give up their secrets easily.” He believes that unknown artists are venturing “into the countryside close to your homes”  to “carry out their craft, safe in the knowledge that they are continuing the legacy of the most science-oriented art movement in history.”

I’ve used him as an example in multiple crop circle articles that I’ve written, and that’s because there are strange measurements taken at crop circle locations that can’t be debunked. Taylor  has suggested that crop circle artists are using GPS devices, lasers, and microwaves to create these astonishing patterns of geometric forms due to the measurements that he obviously became aware of in his research.

Some of these designs are so mysterious and complex that they’ve even been studied in a laboratory setting, and some have indicated that the nodes of some of the stalks were blasted out on one side. It’s not conclusively known how this was done, but the effect has been replicated by highly localized microwave heating. This type of technique causes water inside to vaporize and dislodge. As a result, the stock flops completely over to one side. (Dolan, Richard. UFOs For the 21st Century Mind: New York: Richard Dolan Press, 2014)

Here’s another angle, taken from a helicopter.

Many other scientists and academics, who are completely convinced that there should be serious attention given to these designs, would never have their work published, simply because of the implications and the fact that it defies belief. We see the same type of thing with regards to non-material science, and parapsychology which, despite having significant statistical results that match our ‘hard’ science, is still somewhat ridiculed by many. But things are changing and progress is being made.

And another:

What Does The Code Say? 

Paul Vigay, a British computer consultant, notable for work in developing and supporting RISC OS software, a longtime research in the field, having also worked with Mel Gibson on the film signs, unfortunately died a very mysteries death, he was the one who discovered that the message was encoded in ASCI binary code. According to his interpretation, it reads:

“Beware the bearers of false gifts and their broken promises. Much pain but still time. (Damaged word.) There is good out there. We oppose deception. Conduit closing (bell sound).”

Video Footage of the Circle

Below are pictures taken from a youtube video, they are blurry screen shorts compared to the actual footage. This is one of many fascinating corp circles, that defy belief, regardless of whether it is human or extraterrestrial.

In this one you can see people roaming around in it after it’s been discovered. The traces in and out were made after its discovery for people to come and look at it, but there was no sign of entrance or exit prior.

This one you can see a couple of people standing in the binary area.

Strange Light Phenomenon

Another interesting oddity regarding crop circles is that the electromagnetic field over the area where the crop has been laid down to create the image is often electrostatically charged.

“There is a mounting body of evidence that suggests that a rare form of electromagnetic energy called an ionised plasma vortex (generally known as ball lighting) is involved.”
– Greg Jefferys, historian.

This explanation was originally offered by physicist Dr. Terence Meadon, who believed that these patterns were the result of atmospheric phenomena.  He suggested that wind currents and ionized plasmas are the culprit. This type of theory does have validity, as several investigators believe that some kind of light energy is key in creating these circles.

The light phenomenon is discussed and filmed in the video below, there are many floating around on youtube., and many pictures have been taken of this type of light which seems to go hand in hand with multiple crop circles. Military activity into ‘strange’ phenomenon is nothing new so the video below shouldn’t surprise you, especially now that it’s been disclosed that the military have been ‘chasing’ these objects for years.

Personally, based on my research over the years, I have no doubt that some of these designs are ‘extraterrestrial’ and or spiritual in nature I still have a lot of research to do, and there are a lot of peoples work in this area that I am still looking into.

The crop circle phenomenon is very interesting. Understandably, one might be quick to instantly dismiss the idea that some of these designs could be the work of some unknown entity. Many reasons to further ponder these wonders of the world exist.

Foster Gamble, heir to Proctor Gamble Corporation, and great-great-grandson to James Gamble, illustrates in his film Thrive that the extremely complex circles are also littered with strange magnetic particles.

19-05-2018 om 22:22 geschreven door peter  

Are octopuses aliens from outer space that were brought to Earth by meteors?

Josh Gabbatiss Science Correspondent 

@josh_gabbatiss 

1. What are the claims being made?
2. How do the scientists suggest this would work?
3. Why do the researchers look at the octopus in particular?
4. What reason is there to doubt the claims being made in the paper?
5. Haven’t I heard something about octopuses being aliens before?

Octopuses are aliens. That’s the claim being made by a team of 33 researchers published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.

They are not referring to aliens in a metaphorical sense, but literal aliens from outer space.

Since the paper was released on Sunday, a trickle of news coverage has turned into a torrent, with increasingly alarming headlines about octopuses and their extra-terrestrial origins. 

• READ MORE

Octopus discovered making armour out of shells on Blue Planet II

It will not come as a surprise to many to learn that these claims have been roundly mocked by the scientific community, who have branded the paper – published in Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology – as ridiculous and unscientific.

What are the claims being made?

They suggest the Cambrian explosion, a sudden burst of life that occurred around 540 million years ago, was the result of extra-terrestrial intervention. 

The paper asks whether this event, which saw the rapid emergence of most of the main animal groups that still exist on Earth today, was “terrestrial or cosmic”. Their conclusion is the latter.

How do the scientists suggest this would work?

Specifically, the researchers propose the idea that alien viruses crashed to Earth in a meteor, infected a population of primitive squid and caused them to evolve into octopuses. 

Another theory they suggest is that fertilised squid or octopus eggs were delivered to Earth by a meteor.

View image on Twitter

Nick Kapur@nick_kapur

Are octopuses aliens from outer space? This peer-reviewed article by 33 scientists argues that the octopus genome is too complex to have evolved naturally on earth and therefore that octopuses probably came...from space https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S007961071830

0798 …

9:15 PM - May 17, 2018

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The idea is essentially a reimagining of the “panspermia” hypothesis, which suggests that life on Earth was “seeded” by space dust or asteroids crashing into Earth. One of its first proponents, Chandra Wickramasinghe, is one of the authors of the new paper.

Why do the researchers look at the octopus in particular?

Octopuses are weird. They are molluscs, meaning they are closely related to snails, and yet they are incredibly intelligent. 

On top of their large brains and sophisticated nervous systems, the authors of the new paper list camera-like eyes, flexible bodies and ability to camouflage themselves by changing colour and shape as evidence of their extra-terrestrial origins.

So suddenly did these features appear in the octopus family tree that “it is plausible then to suggest they seem to be borrowed from a far distant ‘future’ in terms of terrestrial evolution, or more realistically from the cosmos at large,” the authors write. 

“Such an extraterrestrial origin as an explanation of emergence of course runs counter to the prevailing dominant paradigm,” they continue. This is a strong contender for understatement of the century.

What reason is there to doubt the claims being made in the paper?

There are plenty of reasons. First off, as Mark Carnall from the Oxford University Museum of Natural History pointed out in a series of tweets, not one of the paper’s authors is a zoologist. 

Much of the authors’ speculation rests on the idea that the genetics of octopuses and their relatives are mysterious – yet a 2015 paper published in Nature revealed the octopus genome, so this is rather disingenuous.

Mark Carnall@mark_carnall

Okay, finally found some time to read the 'Octopus are aliens' paper and wow. This figure is everything. Here's where they jump the octopus. No #justice4cephalopods here.

#Cephalopods https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079610718300798 …

4:24 PM - May 15, 2018

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In fact, octopus genes suggest they fit into the generally understood theory of the evolution of life on Earth, and require no alien invasion. They are thought to have split from the squid lineage around 135 million years ago.

Molecular geneticist Professor Karin Moelling of the Max Planck Institute Molecular Genetics, who was asked to review the report, concluded that it "cannot be taken seriously”.

The primary reason for doubt given by Professor Moelling is that there is “no evidence at all”.

Haven’t I heard something about octopuses being aliens before?

Writers are fond of comparing octopuses to aliens due to their unusual appearance and great intelligence. Philosopher Peter Godfrey-Smith, who has written a book about octopus intelligence titled Other Minds, has described them as “the closest we will come to meeting an intelligent alien”.

On top of that, this is not the first time octopuses have been mistakenly labelled aliens by the press. 

An unfortunately worded press release concerning the Nature paper describing the octopus genome led to a slew of online news pieces in 2015 about researchers finding “alien DNA” in these creatures.

More about: 

• Octopuses
• Aliens

{  https://www.independent.co.uk/ }

19-05-2018 om 21:49 geschreven door peter  

THE MOST SHOCKING EVIDENCE THAT EARTH WAS VISITED BY ANCIENT ALIENS

The very words give me the chills: ancient aliens. In the early 1970s, when Erich von Däniken first released Chariots of the Gods, he called them “ancient astronauts”—a name that’s equally creepy. The Apollo missions were still going on, and the image of astronauts was fresh in everyone’s minds. Could ancient alien beings have arrived on Earth in the distant past? Would they have worn spacesuits, like our own astronauts?

If they truly visited our planet in millennia past: why were they here? What did the aliens do while they were on Earth?

Researchers have spent a lot of time looking into the question of whether we were visited so many millennia ago. The popular television show Ancient Aliens, although well-intentioned, has muddied the water in their search of show material—did we really need an episode asking whether aliens interfered with the American Civil War? (C’mon, guys. You’re off the reservation.)

Although we may not be ever know for sure that we had extraterrestrial visitors thousands of years in the past, perhaps if they did come, they might have left us modern people some clues. Let’s take a look at some of the most clear—and startling—evidence for the existence of ancient aliens on Earth.

ANCIENT ALIENS VISIT THE DOGON TRIBE?

African Tribe Possessed Knowledge Science Had Yet to Discover

The Dogon tribe and the Sirius Mystery are amazing enough that we’ve covered them elsewhere.

This African tribe (whose name is pronounced “DOE-gone”) has known all sorts of specifics about the star Sirius for thousands of years, passed down from holy man to holy man. We’re talking details here, like how Sirius has a companion star (“Sirius B”), and that it circles the main star (“Sirius A”) every 50 years. Here’s the thing: it is absolutely true—but modern scientists didn’t know these things about Sirius until the middle of the 19th century. The Dogon knew a thousand years ago. Heck, the Dogon also knew that Sirius has a second companion star, and scientists didn’t discover it (“Sirius C”) until the 1990s.

How did the Dogon get this scientific information about Sirius B? If you ask them, they’ll tell you that the tribe was visited by the Nommos, an amphibian-like race that came from the Sirius star system in a noisy “ark” that spun and whipped up wind while it landed. It was the Nommos, a race of ancient aliens, who told the Dogon about their homeworld and its star cluster.

Knee-jerk skeptics like to invent reasons why all this can’t be true. Westerners must have stopped by and told them about Sirius, one denier said. There’s no way, though: the Dogon have artifacts that are thousands of years old, depicting Sirius and its companions. No one should have known this stuff that long ago, but the Dogon did.

This short video does a good job explaining the ancient Dogon knowledge. (I have no idea why the narrator pronounces Sirius as “SIGH-ree-us”, but we can give him a pass on that.)

THE PROPHET EZEKIEL DESCRIBES HIS ENCOUNTER WITH ANCIENT UFOS—IN THE BIBLE

Holy Scriptures Contain Account of Alien Contact?

Ask Erich von Däniken, the guy who pioneered the search for ancient aliens, and he’ll tell you his favorite evidence is in the Old Testament. It’s the story of Ezekiel and his bizarre encounter with UFOs.

Ezekiel was a prophet living in exile with the rest of the Hebrews in the land they called Babylon. Being a prophet was a highfalutin job back then, but Ezekiel’s life got even stranger—stranger than just being a guy who received special messages from the creator of the universe.

I looked, and I saw a windstorm coming out of the north—an immense cloud with flashing lightning and surrounded by brilliant light. The center of the fire looked like glowing metal, and in the fire was what looked like four living creatures. In appearance their form was human, but each of them had four faces and four wings.

Ezekiel 1:1-6

Some people read this and think: the dude was taking drugs. Others (knee-jerk skeptics) say: oh, it’s just more Biblical mumbo-jumbo. Devout people may say that Ezekiel saw angels.

Maybe.

What if this was Ezekiel actually saw something, and he didn’t know what it was, or how to explain it? If he actually encountered ancient aliens, how would he describe them? We think he’d probably describe them just like he did.

Next Ezekiel describes the machine that the being had arrived in, the machine that landed in a rush of wind.

Ezekiel confronts the great wheels within wheels. Did he meet ancient aliens?

I saw a wheel on the ground beside each creature with its four faces. This was the appearance and structure of the wheels: They sparkled like topaz … each appeared to be made like a wheel intersecting a wheel. As they moved, they would go in any one of the four directions the creatures faced; the wheels did not change direction as the creatures went.

Ezekiel 1:15-19

Doesn’t that sound like a spacecraft to you? Why would a man living 500 years B.C. write a description that sounds so much like the landing and maneuvering of an alien ship? Surely this was not just random. Remember: Ezekiel was devoutly religious, and he would interpret amazing events as signs from God. If beings appeared, he would assume they were angels. But perhaps they were ancient aliens.

What about their technology? Ezekiel’s description was of an alien craft with advanced maneuverability.

This story of the machine that had wheels-within-wheels impressed NASA engineer Joe Blumrich a lot. A wheel that could move in any direction without having to turn—that sounded like something a planetary exploration vehicle could use. He went on to invent a wheel based on Ezekiel’s description, and called it the “omni wheel.” Joe received a US patent for it in 1972. Today, omni wheels are routinely used in robot vehicles. Blumrich also wrote a popular book, The Spaceships of Ezekiel, in which he explained that after starting out intending to disprove the idea, he’d become convinced that Ezekiel truly had been writing about an encounter with ancient aliens.

“THOSE WHO CAME FROM THE SKIES TO THE EARTH”

World’s Oldest Civilization Leaves Record of Alien Contact

The ancient Sumerians lived 5,000 years ago in what’s now the country of Iraq. They left behind humankind’s first writings, books older than the Bible and the Hindu Vedas.

The Sumerians wrote a lot about the Anunnaki, whose name means “those who came from the skies to Earth”. Modern scholars have assumed that the stories of the Annunaki were just myths about Sumerian gods—but the stories themselves sound more like tales of ancient aliens.

In the writings, the Annunaki came to Earth from a lost planet in our solar system—one with such a wide orbit that it rarely approaches us. They called the planet Nibiru.

The leaders of the ancient aliens were named Enki and Enlil. They were here for gold, a mineral they needed but did not have enough of. Mines were set up there in Sumer, but also in Africa as well. Vusamazulu Credo Mutwa, a Zulu elder and author of Zulu Shaman: Dreams, Prophecies, and Mysteries, says that ancient tribal traditions speak of “visitors from the stars” who mined for gold.

After mining for some time, the Anunnaki realized that the local humanoids—Homo Erectus, our ancestors—might make useful slaves if they could make them smarter. After improving the proto-humans, presumably with DNA modification, they managed to create a hybrid race: part Anunnaki, part early human. These new beings, called the Adamu, were the first real humans. They were also the new slaves who would work in the gold mines.

Ancient Sumerian cylindrical seal shows an accurate map of our solar system

Our hybrid ancestors didn’t stand for this situation for long, though, probably because these newly created beings were far too smart. Who wants to be a slave? They eventually rose up and rebelled, and eventually, a new Adamu society formed, one which maintained an uneasy truce with the Anunnaki.

The Sumerians recorded this history after first inventing writing. They also made engravings and art of the Anunnaki along with knowledge they had received from them—for instance, an ancient Sumerian seal depicts the Sumerian “gods” along with an accurate representation of our solar system, with 11 planets. The planets have correct proportions (Jupiter is the largest, then Saturn, and so on), and the depiction also includes the asteroid belt. Remember that modern science only discovered Uranus and Neptune in the past 150 years, and that scientists are only now saying that there is gravitational evidence for a “lost” planet with a weird, oblong orbit. Are there truly 11 planets? It may be so.

Sumerian artwork always depicts members of the Anunnaki as having wings. Did they actually have wings? It seems unlikely—many researchers believe the wings are meant to show that the Anunnaki had the ability to fly, as in ships. Other strange and telling things appear in the artwork: the goddess Ishtar’s symbol, which stood for the concept of “life”, bears a striking resemblance to the entwined double helix of DNA. Could that be more than a coincidence?

We’ve been kind of critical of the show Ancient Aliens, but this segment from an early episode explains all this pretty well (below). We also very much like this documentary about the Anunnaki and the planet Nibiru.

ANCIENT ALIENS FIGHT WARS IN THE SKIES OF ANCIENT INDIA

Hindu Holy Books Called The Vedas Describe Alien Encounters

There is strong evidence that ancient aliens visited other places around the Earth. In India, for example, the ancient holy books known as The Vedas tell of a space war between ships and fought in the skies. The descriptions of the ships are remarkable—translated, it is difficult to imagine that they were describing anything except spacecraft.

The Vedas state that “strong and durable must the body of the Vimana be made, like a great flying bird of light material. Inside one must put the mercury engine with its iron heating apparatus underneath. By means of the power latent in the mercury which sets the driving whirlwind in motion, a man sitting inside may travel a great distance in the sky. The movements of the Vimana are such that it can vertically ascend, vertically descend, move slanting forwards and backwards. With the help of the machines human beings can fly in the air and heavenly beings can come down to earth.”

Spacecraft as described in the ancient Hindu holy books called The Vedas

No, that’s not a spacecraft they’re describing. No way.

“Fifty years of researching this ancient works convinces me that there are living beings on other planets and that they visited Earth as far back as 4,000 BC. There is just a mass of fascinating information about flying machines, even fantastic science fiction weapons that can be found in translations of The Vedas, Indian epics and other ancient Sanskrit text.” That’s Dr. Vijaya Raghavan, speaking; he was head of the Sanskrit department of the University of Madras in India (now retired). His job, if it’s not obvious, was to study The Vedas; his conclusion was that they described real events in which aliens came to Earth.

In other parts of The Vedas, we get a description of something that can only be a nuclear explosion.

“Gurkha flying in his swift and powerful Vimana hurled against the three cities of the Vrishis and Andhakas a single projectile charged with all the power of the Universe. An incandescent column of smoke and fire, as brilliant as ten thousands suns, rose in all its splendor. It was the unknown weapon, the Iron Thunderbolt, a gigantic messenger of death which reduced to ashes the entire race of the Vrishnis and Andhakas.”

So what do we make of that? Just ancient imagination that happens to sound exactly like nuclear devastation? Sure, you deniers and skeptics, sure. You’re probably right. It’s ancient nonsense. Right?

Hungry for more?

Check out Google searches about the Nazca lines, and the Mayan king Pakal at the pyramid of Palenque. We could go on; there’s a lot of strange evidence on our Earth that is dismissed far too easily by mainstream science. Because the universe is mundane, and it has to be mundane—that is, if you’re a knee-jerk skeptic addicted to the idea that the universe is mundane.

Now, if you want to see the original film that inspired all this hysteria, it’s below: Chariots of the Gods, from the early 1970s. Yes, sure, it’s cheesy—it’s from the ’70s! But it’s still pretty cool, we think.

{ http://www.area51.org/ }

19-05-2018 om 21:25 geschreven door peter  

19-05-2018 om 21:06 geschreven door peter  

Space is a dangerous place. Aside from all of the lightsaber-wielding Sith lords, cybernetic hiveminds from the Delta Quadrant, and those sexy-but-oh-so-pesky Cylons, there are all of the space-related illnesses and natural dangers to worry about. Human visitors to outer space have to worry about mysterious “space fever,” excessive levels of cosmic radiation, and (hypothetical) alien viruses.

Still dream of being an astronaut?

One of the most worrisome threats to space travelers, though – aside from the cyborg hiveminds – is the host of genetic changes which can occur as a result of spending significant time in space. Astronauts have been returning to Earth with altered genes, and scientists still aren’t sure why. To make matters worse, a new study has found that moon dust can actually cause damage to human DNA and utterly decimate lung and brain cells. What will this mean for our plans of moon colonization?

For one, it means you should keep your space boots on and spacesuits zipped up tight. More importantly, it means any potential lunar colonies will have an ever-present danger to worry about all around them. According to new researchpublished in the journal GeoHealth, several different variations of lunar soil simulants were found to cause extensive cell death in brain cells and lung cells. More worryingly, write the authors, these soil simulants caused damage to human DNA, casting a pall over all of the various plans for lunar colonization being thrown around:

Exposure of neuronal and lung epithelial cells in culture to several types of lunar soil simulants caused cell death and DNA damage. DNA damage can be both short‐term and long‐term problems, and it can affect both the nuclear and the mitochondrial genome. Clearly, avoidance of lunar dust inhalation will be important for future explorers, but with increased human activity on the Moon it is likely that adventitious exposure will occur, particularly for individuals spending long periods of time on that body.

For decades, scientists and science fiction writers have dreamed of the day when mankind would establish permanent colonies on the Moon. Given that lunar dust covers nearly every inch of the moon, this recent study could complicate those dreams significantly – especially given the fact that moon dust is known to ‘levitate’ above the lunar surface thanks to electrostatic fields.

Who knew regular ol’ lunar dust could be so deadly?

Maybe the moon isn’t such a good candidate for colonization after all. Will we be able find a suitable new home in space before it’s too late? Time to get cracking on a solution, Elon.

{ http://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

19-05-2018 om 20:13 geschreven door peter  

Looking Back at Spielberg’s ‘War of the Worlds’

The world’s most successful director has had a lifelong obsession with UFOs, and his films have moulded our expectations of otherworldly visitors. Between them, Steven Spielberg’s alien movies have grossed far in excess of a billion dollars… and that’s just his directorial projects. As producer, Spielberg’s alien-themed credits include the Men in Blackfranchise (1997–2012), the alien abduction mini-series, Taken(2002), the Transformers franchise (2007 –), the alien invasion series, Falling Skies (2011–2015), and Super 8 (2011), among many others. That Spielberg continues to make movies about alien visitation is not just down to good business sense but is due in no small part to his own childhood fascination with UFOs—a fascination that would intensify into his late-twenties and culminate in his cathartic production of Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977).

In 2005, Spielberg returned to the alien subgenre with the world’s biggest movie star, Tom Cruise, for a cinematic updating of H.G. Wells’ War of the Worlds. In the classic story, Martians from a dying civilization view our thriving planet with envious eyes and launch a full-scale invasion to claim it as their own, only to be defeated by the tiniest of foes—the human germ.

Dreamworks and Paramount Studios poured $132 million into the Spielberg-Cruise project and would eventually see an impressive $607 million return on their investment. The combination of Spielberg, Cruise, and aliens was a no-brainer. It’s now been 13 years since the release of War of the Worlds, and it’s as good a time as any to look back at what, at the time, promised to be one of the biggest and best sci-fi movies ever made.

Spielberg’s film tapped into what Susan Sontag referred to as the “imagination of disaster,” fear of “the cataclysmic destruction of civilization, [and] mayhem of an unimaginably higher order than we had ever seen before.” The director stated to the press that his film’s distinctive imagery was intentionally reminiscent of that seen in New York as the Twin Towers fell, and, with dialogue like “is it terrorists?” during the first wave of the aliens’ sneak-attack, the parallels are far from subtle.

The tagline for Spielberg’s film, “They’re already here,” is a reference to the fact that the aliens strike not from above, but from below, having buried themselves beneath our feet in a time long forgotten. “They’ve been planning this for a million years,” says Tim Robbins’ cracked survivalist, Ogilvy, “They defeated the greatest power in the world in a couple of days. Walked right over us… this is not a war any more than there’s a war between men and maggots. This is an extermination.”

Spielberg on set with Dakota Fanning and Tom Cruise.

The most terrifying scenes in War of the Worlds are entirely alien-free—it is the human-on-human violence that draws the most horrified gasps. As panic grips the world, humanity’s basest survivalist instinct kicks in. Within hours, it’s every man for himself as widespread looting, car-jacking, and general criminality sweep the streets, and it is in these moments that Spielberg’s film is arguably at its most realistic, such behaviour being tragically inevitable when a society fractures through external force.

Appropriately, in a nod to sound science, Spielberg chose to dispense with all things Martian by removing from his adaptation all references to the Red Planet, opting instead to leave the aliens’ origin to the imagination of the viewer. Presumably their roots are extra-solar—numerous NASA missions over the decades having thrown cold water on the idea that Mars might be teeming with sentient life.

Spielberg’s movie was backed by the US Department of Defense, and it gives considerable screen time to the US armed forces, despite them being essentially helpless in the face of an overwhelmingly superior foe. It is only when the alien tripods’ impenetrable force fields are rendered ineffective by Earthly bacteria that US troops are able to inflict any damage on them whatsoever.

In contrast to its disapproval of Independence Day, the DoD had no qualms about cooperating with Spielberg on War of the Worlds. However, unlike Independence Day, Spielberg’s movie did not draw explicitly from modern UFO mythology as its narrative featured no government conspiracy, no UFO-related terminology (such as “Area 51”), no references to historical UFO events (such as Roswell), nor, indeed, did it feature any UFOs in the conventional sense—only the tripods of H. G. Wells’ source material. So, while War of the Worlds projected to audiences a vivid, vérité rendering of what a post-9/11 alien invasion might look like in reality, crucially, for the Pentagon, it also provided a recruitment-friendly depiction of the professionalism and sheer fire power with which the US military would respond to such an invasion.

Although Spielberg’s movie features no “UFOs” in the conventional sense (due in part to his source material having been written 49 years prior to the birth of the modern UFO phenomenon), the director, a self-described “UFOlogist,” did add some UFOlogical flourishes. The film’s aliens, for example, have large glassy black eyes and yawning craniums, and, from their shoulders-up, at least, bear a striking resemblance to the iconic alien Gray.

Spielberg is arguably the master of the modern alien movie, so a Spielberg adaptation of history’s best-loved alien novel should have been a masterpiece. Instead, what the director delivered was a handful of impressive set-pieces desperately in search of a cohesive movie. David Koepp’s flimsy screenplay is driven for the most part by two-dimensional characters.

Spielberg had worked previously with Tom Cruise on the brilliant Minority Report (2002), and the two superstars evidently felt a second sci-fi team-up would be a great idea. Cruise has delivered a number of outstanding dramatic performances during his long career (Rain Man, Magnolia, for example), but here, in the role of Ray Ferrier, the actor is set to cruise-control (pardon the pun). He does his best playing the everyman, but no matter how fast he runs from Spielberg’s aliens, he never escapes the fact that he’s Tom Cruise—a cinematic mega-hero whose survival skills and ultimate fate are never in question. We never truly fear for his safety or doubt the fact that he will protect and save his imperiled daughter, Rachel (Dakota Fanning). He’s TOM CRUISE. In short, he was miscast in the role, and his powerful presence drastically imbalances a movie that was meant to show how ordinary people (not extraordinary people) respond to an extraordinary situation.

Spielberg and Cruise on set for War of the Worlds (2005)

There’s also the issue of *that* ending. The death of the Martians in Wells’ original story by way of exposure to Earthly bacteria was always a bit of a damp squib, but Spielberg’s handling of it is especially disappointing, as, like the alien tripods, the movie simply collapses in its final act, dragging itself limply towards a frankly infuriating resolution which sees Ray miraculously reunited with his son, Robbie (Justin Chatwin)—completely unscathed from the napalm conflagration that had seemingly consumed him earlier in the movie. It’s one of the most slapdash, inexplicable endings of Spielberg’s career.

Still, despite its many flaws, there’s a great deal of fun to be had in War of the Worlds. For the most part, Spielberg shoots us up with adrenaline as few other filmmakers can do, and there are moments of genuine terror and dread. If only Spielberg could here have balanced his famous technical prowess with his oft-exhibited mastery of human drama.

{ http://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

19-05-2018 om 20:03 geschreven door peter  

Fleet Of Six UFOs Over Las Cabras, Chile On May 17, 2018, Video, UFO Sighting News.

Date of sighting: May 17, 2018
Location of sighting: Las Cabras, Chile

An eyewitness of this event saw six or more UFOs falling from the sky. The UFOs are leaving long white trails behind them, which tells us the direction they came from, outside earths atmosphere. An entire fleet of alien craft enter our atmosphere. Awesome video. Clearly Chile is a hotbed of UFO activity that needs more attention. 
Scott Waring-Taiwan

{ http://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

19-05-2018 om 19:41 geschreven door peter  

World's 'Most Advanced' Camera Will Hunt for Alien Worlds

19-05-2018 om 01:26 geschreven door peter  

Brrr! Earth-Like Alien Planets Could Experience 'Snowball States'

19-05-2018 om 01:14 geschreven door peter  

This Newfound X-Ray Pulsar Is Orbiting Its Partner at Record Speed

19-05-2018 om 00:49 geschreven door peter  

THE MYSTERY OF CROP CIRCLES – Alien Calling Cards?

Weird History 

Over the years, obscure and mostly meaningless formations and indentations in fields and land usually owned by farmers have been randomly discovered around the world spanning the United Kingdom to Canada. Are these so-called alien formations manmade by hoaxers or could they be the calling card left behind by actual extraterrestrial beings?

Everyone loves a good mystery and the idea of where or who makes these crop circles has been an interesting topic of long conversations over the years. The term “crop circle” is actually pretty modern, only becoming the buzzword for these strange land anomalies in the early 1980s by a man named Colin Andrews.

In actuality, these crop circles mostly done in the dark of the night are created by flattening farmers crops and creating designs that bewilder the public, seemingly destructive in nature and yet at the same time these beautiful and different configurations capture the eye when viewed from above.

The first piece of evidence is an illustration from 1678 that appears to show a field of oat stalks laid out in a circle. Some take this to be a first-hand account of what is now called a crop circle, however, some historical investigation shows otherwise. Marks like this were found described in a pamphlet called The Mowing Devil. According to an English farmer, this legend was described happening in 1678 in which he was arguing with his neighbor, also a farmer, about his field of oats and paying a certain fee to get the job done. He was quoted as saying “I would rather pay the Devil himself” to do the job than pay his neighbor. In the pamphlet, the circles were described as “spiraling circles in a field done by the devil”. The drawing is of the devil himself holding a scythe and working the field, creating a rather intriguing design in the midst of his work supposedly all done during the night. Today, according to some, this story is considered more folklore than fact as it’s been stated that it actually wasn’t crops at all, but rather just a grassy field.

The most common crop circles started appearing in the English countryside during the 70’s, however, it was during the decade between 1980’s and the 1990’s when these crop circles began increasing in number and complexity of each design, mostly from flattened crops of wheat and barley used in making cereal. In fact, in 1990, over 1,000 of these crop circles have been sighted and reported all over the English countryside as well as now being sighted also in Canada. Since then the area around Wiltshire has become an increasingly popular area exhibiting a vast portfolio of more elaborate crop circles. One example is a 150-foot-wide (46-meter-wide) crop circle that seemed as if it was a coded representation of the first ten digits of the mathematical constant Pi that appeared in 2008. 

Many have laid claim to these crop circles happening only to have their stories debunked. As in the case of what some call the first crop circle which appeared near the small town of Tully, Australia in 1966. A farmer claimed he saw what appeared to be a UFO close to a marshy area of land. He also claims that in that same area there seemed to be a circular region of reeds and grass that had been flattened. However, later police investigators said this occurrence was most likely caused by the weather, known as a dust devil or waterspout. Or was it?

One of the most famous and important crop circles in history today was actually produced by three hoaxers who later confessed they did it in the very early hours of the morning and it took them about three hours to create. It had only been noticed much later that afternoon by someone flying over the area. It was in the summer of July 1996 and dubbed as one of the world's most intricate and stunning crop circles that appeared in the countryside of Wiltshire, England. Although other shapes and sizes have been found in these phenomenons, if you think about it, circles are the easiest shapes for hoaxers or human beings to create making the most of the light on full moon nights the most popular times. One would think with today’s technological advances there would be some type of evidence recorded. This makes them even more suspicious and mysterious.

So, the questions still remain to this day. Are these so-called crop circle patterns cryptic messages from beyond, freak weather and wind patterns, or just humans putting their own creative imagination artwork out there for the world to see? We may never know the exact cause or the “who” behind these marvelous works of art, but one thing is for sure, they are an incredible sight.

{ http://historydaily.org/ }

19-05-2018 om 00:23 geschreven door peter  

Is a new type of UFO appearing across the globe? Last month, Mysterious Universe reported on a floating “humanoid” UFO seen in Brazil, that had strange similarities to other “humanoid” UFO’s filmed and photographed in different parts of the world. A new video has just surfaced, this time in Houston, Texas, that shows a ‘floating tower’ shaped UFO in steady flight across the night sky. While there is no mention of a humanoid nature to this UFO in the video, the shape is undeniably similar.

The video, as reported by the Daily Star, was shared to MUFONand picked up by the YouTube channel TexasUFOs. It shows a shape longer than it is wide, floating perpendicular to the ground.  It moves at a constant, steady rate. The object doesn’t seem to be making any sound, but it is hard to tell over the ambient noise with no knowledge of distance from the camera.  According to the Star, the witness described the UFO like this:

Object was moving north-northwest and was keeping the same elevation and didn’t move like balloons.

Much larger, vertical structure like a floating tower with a pointed tip at the top.

Some comments suggested that the object is a drone carrying some sort of “contraption”, though what that could be is hard to say. The Daily Star headline suggests that it’s some sort of top secret military drone. Other than YouTube comments, however, there doesn’t seem to be any base for those claims.

Pareidolia is the recognizing of familiar patterns, like a humanoid shape, where they’re not. Rorshach inkblot tests are a great example.

A similar sighting was also reported earlier in April, 2018, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Filmed on a beach, the video shows another ‘floating tower’ or ‘humanoid’ UFO hovering in the sky. When compared with the Brazil ‘humanoid’ case or the Sydneyand Abu Dhabi cases it’s easy to see the similarities between these and the two recent sightings in the USA. It’s impossible to say with any certainty what these objects are. The ‘humanoid’ shape is almost certainly a case of pareidolia, but because of that it’s even easier to see the similarities.

Certainly we can say that, in the last 12 months, there have been at least five sightings of UFOs that share a strange tower shape. There have been comparisons drawn between these and the fabled “Black Knight” satellite of UFO lore. We have to be careful, however. As our drone technology increases, it will become increasingly more common to see unidentified things in the sky, and just as there’s a divide between interpreting classic flying saucer UFOs as either alien spaceships or top-secret military craft, so too will there be a divide between seeing UFOs like these as mysterious and unexplained or as previously unseen drones, either military or civilian.

The Black Knight satellite picture that was captured by NASA

Then there’s that supremely strange possibility that whatever the UFO phenomenon is, it changes how it presents itself  based on the culture and expectations of the present day, demons and fairies become little green men, become grays, become floating humanoids. Maybe our species will always see strange things in the sky, ever slightly out of the reach of explanation.

{ http://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

19-05-2018 om 00:11 geschreven door peter  

New NASA Study Reveals Jupiter’s Moon Europa May Hide Alien Life

When NASA explored Jupiter’s Moon Europa in 1997, the Galileo Spacecraft flew through a ‘blast’ of alien ocean water, a new study has revealed.

The hidden waters of Europa, one of Jupiter’s moons, have become the primary objective in the search for extraterrestrial life for space agencies around the globe.

Now, thanks to a new analysis of data gathered by NASA’s Galileo Spacecraft more than 20 years ago, experts have revealed that the mon may be home to all necessary ingredients to sustain life as we know it.

A view of Jupiter’s moon Europa created from images taken by the Galileo spacecraft in the late 1990s.

Image Credit: JPL-Caltech/NASA

Scientists have recently revealed that that Galileo, a satellite that investigated Jupiter and its moons for almost 14 years, flew through a massive plume of water vapor that emerged from the icy surface of Jupiter’s Moon in the form of a geyser and reached a height of hundreds of kilometers.

“There were some anomalous features in that close pass in December 1997 that we never fully understood,” said Margaret Kivelson, a senior scientist on the Galileo mission and emeritus professor of space physics at the University of California in Los Angeles.

“We went back and looked at them more thoroughly and discovered that they were just what you’d expect if we’d flown through a plume.”

According to the new study led by Xianzhe Jia, from the University of Michigan, the data was already there.

Only now we seem to confirm the idea that had already emerged from observations of the Hubble Space Telescope taken in 2012.

Voyager 1 took these photos of Jupiter and two of its satellites (Io, left, and Europa right).

Image Credit: NASA/JPL

“The data was already there, but we needed advanced technology to make sense of the observations,” Jia said it’s a statement.

Back in 1997, when NASA’s Galileo spacecraft flew some 200 kilometers above Europa’s surface, mission scientists never thought that their spacecraft had flown through a plume of water vapor from the icy moon.

Researchers involved in the Galileo mission and a recent reanalysis of the data revealed that the spacecraft may have flown right through a plume roughly 20 years ago, during its closest flyby. An artist’s impression is pictured.

However, after learning a lot about water plumes, and water vapor from Enceladus, one of Saturn’s moons, and after a number of 3D studies, experts concluded that Jupiter’s Moon Europa might also have similar occurrences.

“Our detection of a plume based on the Galileo data certainly strengthens the case for future exploration of Europa,” Jia said. One Nasa mission, Europa Clipper, is scheduled to launch in the 2020s with the express aim of finding out whether the Jovian moon could harbor life. Another mission, ESA’s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer, or Juice, is expected to launch around the same time and perform flybys of Europa and two other Jovian moons, Ganymede and Callisto.

The Surface of Europa, photographed in 1997 by the Galileo Spacecraft.

Image CRedit: NASA/JPL

“Given the evidence of plumes available so far, there is a good chance that those spacecraft may obtain direct measurements of plumes ejecting material from the subsurface ocean into space,” said Jia.

“Those observations will provide crucial information for us to assess Europa’s potential for life.”

{ https://www.ancient-code.com/ }

18-05-2018 om 23:54 geschreven door peter  

Planet Nine Breakthrough: Scientists Spot Distant Object In Our Solar System

Scientists say—once again—that a previously undiscovered world may lurk in the outermost reaches of our solar system.

For several years, astronomers have debated whether or not such a planet exists beyond the orbit of Pluto.

Now, a new study may have finally found evidence the elusive world—dubbed as planet Nine is not just a myth.

Using data from the Dark Energy Survey— a visible and near-infrared survey that aims to probe the dynamics of the expansion of the Universe and the growth of large-scale structure—experts spotted a never-before-seen object.

And while the Dark Energy Survey is an unlikely tool for finding objects inside out solar system since nearly all of them orbit within the plane, it did come in handy for spotting the newly found object: it has an orbit tilted by 45 degrees with respect to the planet of the solar system, and its something scientists in the new study didn’t expect to see.

Nevertheless, it was something predicted by Batygin and Brown, Caltech researchers who proposed in 2016 the planet was real.

But despite this, David Gerdes, an astronomer at the University of Michigan and a co-author on the new paper told Quanta Magazine “It’s not proof that Planet Nine exists.”

“But I would say the presence of an object like this in our solar system bolsters the case for Planet Nine,” added Gerdes.

The new study describes how astronomers have come across a ‘distant’ rocky object—perhaps as large as a dwarf planet—which they argue was pushed into an extraordinary orbit by the gravitational pull of a massive, undiscovered world.

They argue that this discovery offers unprecedented evidence that planet nine must be out there somewhere.

In 2016, astronomers investigated the strange orbits of six objects in a distant region of icy bodies stretching beyond Neptune. The objects had orbits that point in the same direction and are tilted 30° ‘downward’ compared to the solar plane in which the eight planets circle the sun. This fact say experts, is a tell-tale sign of the existence of a massive world.

Image Credit: Caltech.

Planet Nine—A world astronomers hunt for desperately

The elusive alien world was first proposed to exist by astronomers at Caltech in 2016, as they spotted how a group of icy objects at the edge of our solar system have strange, tilted orbits.

“It has a real magnetism to it,” said Gregory Laughlin, an astronomer at Yale University.

“I mean, finding a 10-Earth-mass planet in our solar system would be a discovery of unrivaled scientific magnitude.”

Caltech astronomers suggested how the orbits of so-called trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) were altered by the gravitational pull of a planet ten times the mass of earth, located beyond Pluto.

Researchers discovered back then how the TNOs had elliptical orbits all pointing in the same direction. They also found the objects were tilted around 30 degrees ‘downward’ compared to the planet in which the planets of our solar system orbit the sun.

And while there has been ample evidence that suggests such a planet isn’t just a myth, we have failed to spot the elusive world in the sky.

NASA says its probably real

In 2017, NASA joined the discussion about the elusive planet. The Space Agency highlighted five different lines of evidence that suggest such a planet is real.

The US Space Agency also said that the ‘inexistence’ of planet Nine generates more problems than it solves.

Dr. Konstantin Batygin from Caltech said:

“There are now five different lines of observational evidence pointing to the existence of Planet Nine. If you were to remove this explanation and imagine Planet Nine does not exist, then you generate more problems than you solve. All of a sudden, you have five different puzzles, and you must come up with five different theories to explain them.

Source: Quanta Magazine / A New World’s Extraordinary Orbit Points to Planet Nine

Featured Image Credit: Olena Shmahalo/Quanta Magazine

{ https://www.ancient-code.com/ }

18-05-2018 om 23:34 geschreven door peter  

Here Are 7 ‘Lost Technologies’ From Nikola Tesla That Threatened The Global Elite

Not long ago I wrote about how the federal Bureau of Investigation (The FBI) released a number of declassified files about Nikola Tesla.

Among them, the government revealed their interest in the Death Ray –a futuristic particle beam weapon that Tesla had invented.

Check out this article and download ALL of Nikola Tesla’s patents.

73 years after the FBI seized nearly TWO TRUCKS of papers of one of the world’s most famous inventors, the Federal Bureau of Investigations released the documents to the public. The batch of documents made available through the Freedom of Information Act also reveal Tesla did not die on January 7, 1943, as previously believed, but a day later on January 8.

In general, the FBI documents revealed a number of details that changed a lot of what we know about Tesla, his life, his inventions and his legacy. Check out the declassified documents from the FBI HERE.

Tesla, like the genius he was, was way ahead of his time.

He envisioned a bright and positive future for mankind, as he patented and created hundreds of technologies that no one before had envisioned, nor dared to imagine.

It is rightfully said that the Croatian-born inventor was a man who changed the world.

In this article, we take a look at seven ‘lost’ inventions by Tesla, which many people are unaware of.

1. Tesla’s UFO—antigravity technology

We know that Tesla was all about free energy and alternative powers sources.

Actually, it wasn’t unidentified.

Despite this, the methods and design of Tesla’s revolutionary vehicle is believed to match the description of people who witnessed disk-shaped flying objects, or UFO’s.

It is believed that Tesla’s UFO had ‘eyes’ made of electro-optical lenses, arranged in quadrants, allowing the pilot to see everything. Screens and monitors are placed on a console where the browser can observe all areas around the vehicle, and Tesla’s incredible invention included magnifying lenses, which could have been used without changing positions.

Evidence of such a vehicle can be found in an interview between Nikola Tesla and The New York Herald, from 1911:

“My flying machine will have neither wings nor propellers. You might see it on the ground and you would never guess that it was a flying machine. Yet it will be able to move at will through the air in any direction with perfect safety, at higher speeds than have yet been reached, regardless of weather and oblivious of “holes in the air” or downward currents. It will ascend in such currents if desired. It can remain absolutely stationary in the air, even in a wind, for a great length of time. Its lifting power will not depend upon any such delicate devices as the bird has to employ but upon positive mechanical action.”RF

2. Tesla’s Death Ray

Prior to the release of the declassified documents by the FBI, many people argue that Tesla’s Death Ray was just another conspiracy.

Previously, it was believed that Tesla’s Death Ray did not exist, and the FBI claimed for over a decade that none of their agents had EVER investigated Tesla’s papers, nor was the bureau in possession of any of them.

However, after the FBI published Tesla’s files, we learned that among the published files, a letter addressed to J. Edgar Hoover, the first Director of the FBI, highlights the importance of an article in which Tesla speaks of the death ray and its ‘crucial importance’ for future warfare.

It was recommended that Tesla constantly remained under surveillance in order to protect him from ‘foreign enemies’ who may also have an interest in “the secret of such an invaluable instrument of war and/or defense.”

3. Free Energy, and wireless electricity

With the help of funding from JP Morgan, Tesla successfully built and tested the famous Wardenclyffe Tower.

The structure was a massive wireless energy transmission station which, according to Tesla, had the ability to transmit wireless power across great distances.

Tesla saw the Wardenclyffe Tower as the beginning of a massive free energy project.

Tesla wanted to use the tower not only to transmit free energy but to send out messages, telephone calls across the Earth.

As explained by Tesla himself, the Earth is “…like a charged metal ball moving through space”, which creates the enormous, rapidly varying electrostatic forces which diminish in intensity with the square of the distance from Earth, just like gravity. Since the direction of propagation radiates from the earth, the so-called force of gravity is toward earth.

His theories were based on the idea that our planet had the ability to conduct the signals. Using a number of different towers, Tesla could have made the idea work.

However, and as we have learned through history, the idea of Free Energy isn’t really welcomed by big corporations. After all, why give free energy to the masses when you can make the masses pay big time?

Eventually, Tesla’s funding was canceled, and the tower was destroyed, along with Tesla’s ideas of a world powered by free energy.

4. Tesla’s Oscillator

This device was an electromechanical apparatus patented by Tesla in 1893.

The device was popularly known as Tesla’s Earthquake machine after the European inventor claimed that one version of his device caused an Earthquake in New York in 1898.

In other words, the device could allegedly simulate earthquakes, which meant it could be weaponized. Some conspiracy theorists are convinced that Tesla’s technology was later further developed and is being used by HAARP.

 5. Tesla’s Futuristic Aircraft

In addition to creating devices that could potentially be used as weapons, and structures that could offer Free Energy to the world, Nikola Tesla also worked on electrically powered airships that, according to reports, could transport passengers from New York to London in three hours.

These aircraft were not ordinary vehicles. They were supposedly able to harness energy right fro Earth’s atmosphere and had no need ever to stop and refuel.

But why have aircraft that makes use of free energy, if billions can be made by selling it?

6. Drones in 1898

More than a hundred years ago, Tesla invented DRONES.

So, everyone who thinks that Drones are actually a product of recent technologies, you are wrong.

It was called Tesla’s TELEAUTOMATON. And the funny part is that the government had this technology in their possession for over a hundred years. This raises a number of questions.

Is it possible that they adopted, further developed, and used ‘drones’ more than half a decade ago?

Here’s an excerpt from Tesla’s Drone patent:

Here is an excerpt from his patent:

“Be it known that I, Nikola Tesla a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful improvements in methods of and apparatus for controlling from a distance the operation of the propelling engines, the steering apparatus, and other mechanism carried by moving bodies or floating vessels, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the drawings accompanying and forming part of the same… The invention which I have described will prove useful in many ways. Vessels or Vehicles of any suitable kind may be used, like life, dispatch, or pilot boats or the like, or for carrying letters, packages, provisions, instruments, objects, or materials of any description, for establishing communication with inaccessible regions and exploring the conditions existing in the same, for killing or capturing whales or other animals of the sea, and for many other scientific, engineering, or commercial purposes; but the greatest value of my invention will result from its effect upon warfare and armaments, for by reason of its certain and unlimited destructiveness it will tend to bring about and maintain permanent peace among nations.”

From: “Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 613,809, dated November 8, 1898.” The full original text and diagrams can be found at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office website: http://patimg1.uspto.gov/.piw?docid=00613809&SectionNum=1&IDKe

7. Propulsion systems for Spacecraft, and Tesla’s Dynamic Theory of Gravity

While we discussed something similar in Tesla’s UFO, the truth is that he went beyond flying objects.

In an unpublished article of Man’s Greatest Achievement, Tesla outlined his Dynamic Theory of Gravity saying that ‘luminiferous ether fills all space’. Tesla said that the ether is acted upon by the life-giving creative force. The ether is thrown into “infinitesimal whirls” (“micro helices”) at near the speed of light, becoming ponderable matter. Then, the force subsides and motion ceases, matter reverts to the ether (a form of “atomic decay”).

Mankind can harness these processes, to:

-Precipitate matter from the ether
-Create whatever he wants with the matter, and energy derived
-Alter the earth’s size
-Control earth’s seasons (weather control)
-Guide earth’s path through the Universe, like a spaceship
-Cause the collisions of planets to produce new suns and stars, heat, and light
-Originate and develop life in infinite forms

{ https://www.ancient-code.com/ }

18-05-2018 om 23:18 geschreven door peter  

When Occam's Razor isn't being misused it could be a rational method to review far fetched claims; unfortunately the most common use of it is to jump to absolute conclusions even though that was never what Occam's Razor intended. 

The most common variation of Occam's Razor is: "The simplest explanation is usually the correct one." However this wasn't the original quote although it is close and has the same intention. The following is the original according to Wikipedia: 

Occam's razor 

Among competing hypotheses that predict equally well, the one with the fewest assumptions should be selected. Other, more complicated solutions may ultimately prove to provide better predictions, but—in the absence of differences in predictive ability—the fewer assumptions that are made, the better. Wikipedia article

This clearly does not say that other possibilities shouldn't be considered; and it acknowledges the possibility that if the simplest theory is proven wrong then it might be rational to move to the second or third simplest theory. Nor does it say anything about pretending inconvenient evidence doesn't exist at all. If it did then it would be easy to recognize as pseudo-science. However this is exactly how many so-called skeptics treat it. 

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At the same time many believers often make many claims that are not only absurd but factually flawed where Occam's Razor or other rational skeptical claims really would be justified. From a reasonable skeptical point of view the temptation to ridicule such beliefs should be resisted when possible. Turning Occam's Razor into a pseudo-skeptic tactic wouldn't be helpful in this case and could even play into the hands of fringe believers and scam artists, if people recognize the flawed logic of the pseudo-skeptic and decide to trust the flawed logic of the fringe believer. 

There has been an enormous amount of research over the decades into UFOs however the highest profile media coverage that has been presented to the public has been almost useless since it gives plenty of time for fringe believers to present seriously flawed theories that are often full of false facts, mixed in with legitimate unsolved mysteries, and skeptics that often make almost as many blunders as the fringe believers and instead of trying to sort out the legitimate unsolved mysteries so they can be solved they often stereotype them all and ridicule them together. 

Most of the coverage of past UFO incidents in the mainstream media only covers one incident at a time and treats it with ridicule, although there are very few of those anymore, at least that is the way they treat it in the mainstream news. However there are plenty of UFO shows on the History Channel, Science Channel, National Geographic Channel, Discovery Channel and more; these shows often cover more incidents at a time but the coverage is seriously flawed and it is hard to believe that they're even trying to do a good job. 

The best coverage of past incidents are often in older books or reports from when there were more people that actually tried to do a good job covering the subject or web sites that list many of these reports, however some of them are also mixed in with claims that probably should be considered fringe or unreliable. I provided a long list of reports and related links including those to both UFO researchers ranging from the most rational to the fringe believers along with skeptics, including many that seem more like pseudo-skeptics in UFOs and related links.

A couple of the most comprehensive include The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects, by Edward J. Ruppelt who was the head of Project Blue Book and other government investigation agencies and actually took the subject seriously and The Condon Report which was headed by Edward Condon who was chosen to head an investigation because he was supposedly unbiased. However critics have raised doubts about his lack of biased for several reasons including his claim that UFO were "nonsense," before beginning his investigation and added, "but I'm not supposed to reach that conclusion for another year." These critics claim that is the reason why his report came to conclusions that allegedly weren't supported by the information within the report. If you ask so-called experts whether the contents of this report actually support the conclusions the answer might depend on which side of the debate they're on; however after reading several reports from the government I have noticed that it isn't uncommon for them to do just that and the most important material is often buried where most people including the highest profile reporters won't notice. 

I discussed additional evidence of major unsolved mysteries in Why so few arrests for Crop Circles makers? Is there microwave evidence? and 107 Wonders of the Ancient World. In the case of the crop circles the evidence linking them to UFOs is based on testimony from a relatively small number of witnesses, assuming there aren't many more that the media is ignoring, and in the case of the ancient wonders of the world it is difficult if not impossible to find hard evidence linking them to UFOs since they happened so long ago and the circumstances weren't well recorded. However experiments discussed in previous posts clearly indicate that the official explanation for how they were moved hasn't been replicated and it is almost certainly false. this means that either they are related to the UFOs or that they're a totally different unsolved mystery; but many theorists have claimed that they also certainly are a result of an unknown advanced intelligence of some sort. 

If the skeptic's claims are true then they need to explain a lot of unsolved mysteries to maintain their claims; otherwise it seems justifiable to at least consider other theories, although using Occam's Razor it would be inappropriate to jump to the most bizarre conclusions. This includes time travel theories which often come up, but they always face one paradox or another that almost certainly indicates they're impossible. It may also include many theories about wormholes or alternative universes, which to the best of my knowledge is based purely on speculation, often coming from unreliable sources. 

This means that either we need to find another explanation for all these unsolved mysteries that doesn't involve an unknown advanced intelligence or one that does. If it involves an unknown advanced intelligence that is from this planet how could they remain hidden. If it involves an unknown advanced intelligence that isn't from this planet we need to figure out where it came from and how it might have gotten here and what they're trying to accomplish. It will still be necessary to explain how they remained hidden, but their development would have taken place elsewhere so they would have a much easier time remaining hidden, although the fact that they haven't opened up a line of communication probably indicates their motives one way or another, assuming they exist. 

Either way explanations to some of these unsolved mysteries will almost certainly have to get more complicated than some advocates for one theory or another might want to admit. It might be worth remembering that the theory of evolution isn't simple at all although the basic principle might seem that way. 

Ironically the vast majority of speculation about interstellar travel involves technology that will be necessary to send people into space and keep them alive. However, even though the NASA missions that do involve sending people into space get the most coverage they're only a small fraction of what NASA does and if you track what they say enough it is clear that it is much more efficient to send automated crafts into space and that relying on computers to conduct many activities is much more common. 

If it is possible to travel the enormous distances between solar distances it will be extremely difficult and will almost certainly require best technology from a variety of fields, including propulsion, computer technology, artificial intelligence, nanotechnology and much more, perhaps even including genetic engineering and many other fields that are currently being developed at surprising rates, although they're usually only reported as one advancement at a time and most people don't realize how fast scientific knowledge has been advancing over the past several decades. 

A theory that relies on known technology with reasonable speculation about how they might advanced in the relatively near future will almost certainly be more credible than one that makes w2ild assumptions based mostly on speculation, often contradicting known science. If it is possible for the scientific community to develop this technology then presumably it would be possible for another advanced intelligence that has been developing longer to have done it much sooner, and theoretically they could have used it to get here. 

Both Project Orion and Project Daedalus involve relatively known technology that could send automated space craft to other solar systems assuming people were willing to invest enough in it and wait long enough for them to travel for decades if not hundreds or even thousands of years before reaching their arrival. Both these projects, if they work according to plan could reach 10-20% of the speed of light. Some people theorize that more advanced research could theoretically develop technology that could reach 50-80% of the speed of light. Anyone familiar with the Inertia Principal would realize that once they get up to speed they will be able to maintain speed in a vacuum indefinitely assuming there is no resistance; however once they get to their destination they would have to reverse their momentum so they would the same amount of energy to slow down with known technology. 

Additional technology has also been developed to create a Gravity assist while passing large planets; presumably if this was developed more it could provide additional assistance in propulsion either speeding up or slowing down. 

This technology hasn't been put to the test and proven to work but an enormous amount of preliminary research has been done; and it is reasonable to assume that some form of automated interstellar travel might be possible; however this wouldn't enable transport of advanced life which would require much more technology to keep that life alive and would be difficult if not impossible.

The most advanced computer technology, artificial intelligence, nanotechnology and other technologies could also be helpful in sending a long-range space craft to another solar system but unless science develops much further it is unlikely that much if any large commutes or invasions would be possible; it may not even be possible to develop technology like the science fiction stories at all even with the most advanced science after millions of years of research. 

James Hansen, one of NASA's most respected researchers on Climate Change created a similar science fiction scenario at the end of his book, "Storms of my Grandchildren." He starts by saying Even though science fiction isn’t my area of expertise, I use the following scenario as a clarion call, and goes on to describe a scenario where an advanced civilization manages to travel to Earth with similar technology that I described. He does assume additional technology will be developed beyond what has already been developed but he seems to keep it within reason that might not include any theories that will never be possible, unlike many fringe theorists or science fiction writers more interested in a dramatic story than realistic science. 

He also speculates about the possibility that technology could develop well enough so that a robot with artificial intelligence could operate the spaceship until it gets close to Earth then he could develop life out of DNA samples that would be developed either shortly before arrival or after arrival at the destination and the robot could serve as a surrogate parent. His intention wasn't to develop a science fiction story to advanced an alien transport theory; it was to try to warn people about the damage that Climate Change is doing and convince them to act before it was too late. However intentionally or not he provided what I consider a relatively realistic explanation about how life could travel to different solar system with credible technology that might turn out to be accurate. 

The entire book including the relatively short science fiction story at the end is available at James Hansen "Storms of my Grandchildren" [PDF] - Free 

Colonel Philip Corso went a step further and claimed that he received access to technology that was retrieved at Roswell and helped distribute it to corporations that developed a lot of the new technology that has been coming out over the past five decades in his book "The Day After Roswell." Like most if not all high profile reports on UFOs this book has some problems, including his cold war beliefs, which are almost certainly distorted, although he might have actually believed them even if they didn't prove to be accurate. And of course he was accused of fabricating his story by many high profile people including UFO researchers Kevin Randle and Stanton Friedman. A close look at just about all high profile research almost always turns up problems including both Corso's books and the efforts to debunk him. 

However this should raise other questions about why neither side seems to correct often incredibly simple mistakes. In Why so few arrests for Crop Circles makers? I speculated about the possibility that there might be an effort to "Recruit a group of crackpots" to disclose accurate information through sources that might not seem reliable and release inaccurate information through sources that are considered credible. This hypothesis was based partly on a semi-fictional version of the Roswell incident where Martin Sheen plays a spy that follows Jesse Marcel around. As bizarre as this sounds if it is true it would explain why virtually none of the high profile coverage of UFOs on either side has much credibility. It would also mean that only those that spend an enormous amount of time sorting through the details have a chance of coming close to the truth about what is going on. 

Also if the skeptics are right then why don't they express much concerns about the amount of coverage that the media is giving to some of these fringe conspiracy theorists? Many of the best researchers can't get much if any coverage on this subject or any other subject in the traditional media yet the fringe conspiracy theorists and flawed skeptics get plenty of time on the History Channel. This isn't limited to UFO coverage; the political activity in campaigns is now almost as absurd if not more absurd as UFO coverage; and this began before Donald Trump ran for president, and even before the 2010 Tea Party fringe candidates got an enormous amount of coverage while the media ignored rational grassroots candidates. 

Absurd things are now standard operating procedure. 

Skeptics have been promoting stereotypes about conspiracy theories for so long that they act as if none of them have any credibility; yet if there are no far fetched explanations to UFOs as they seem to believe then doesn't it seem as if there must be an enormous conspiracy to make it seem as if there is? 

Some additional information about Corso's claims are available at Colonel Philip Corso and his Critics and Roswell - Colonel Philip Corso Interview. Philip Corso isn't the only one that claims that there has been reverse engineering going on, there are plenty of other people making similar claims in low profile news outlets that report about UFOs; the most prominent other one that I know of is Bob Lazar; however he also has his own credibility problems and Stanton Friedman has also argued that he is a fraud. From what I've seen of Bob Lazar he does seem to have more credibility problems that Philip Corso; but it does seem odd that Stanton Friedman is so concerned about debunking the concept of reverse engineering and occasionally using the same tactics that he has criticized when UFO skeptics use them against him. 

It seems reasonable for a good researcher to be concerned about bad researchers that might give UFO research a bad name; however it is also reasonable to assume that if the government did retrieve alien technology that they would try to study it and replicate it. Stanton Friedman has claimed that he does believe that there was a crash at Roswell and that the government retrieved bodies and technology and has been one of the leading investigators claiming this. If Corso's and Lazar's claims are flawed why wouldn't he consider a more rational scenario where the government made at least some effort to reverse engineer as much as they could? This would make sense but instead he is almost completely refuting all reverse engineering claims. 

On some occasions Stanton Friedman seems to use some of the same tactics he has previously attributed to skeptics when trying to debunk Philip Corso, including "If one can’t attack the data, attack the people. It is easier." On the "Day After Roswell" episode of the UFO files he spent more time trying to discredit Corso than he did trying to address some of the data, and at one point even claimed that his citation of the alleged MJ-12 documents was a copy of his own work, as if he should have copyrights to control how it is used. He was the highest profile researcher to look into them, but they were apparently given to at least one other researcher, Linda Moulton Howe, before Philip Corso claimed he had access to them at one point. 

However, as I said Philip Corso does have some credibility problems and his coauthor is even worse. Bill Birnes went on to host UFO Hunters with an enormous amount of hype and flawed investigation, at one point he even claimed that he considered a hollow moon hypothesis viable, without making any attempt to acknowledge that it would contradict the most basic principles of physics and geology. Unfortunately this is typical of high profile UFO research, which is what makes the "Recruit a Group of Crackpots" hypothesis seem realistic. 

Another catch 22 which is rarely considered is that if the claims about reverse engineering are partially true then it means that aliens must have been able to get here one way or another. If these claims aren't true then it means that an enormous amount of technology has developed in a surprisingly short time over the last fifty years. The human race evolved over hundreds of thousands, if not millions or even billions of years; but the industrial revolution only took a couple of hundred years and advances computers, cloning, DNA manipulation, even technology where handicapped people were able to use computers hooked up to their brain to move automated programs and geoengineering, exploring the solar system happened much faster. This is rapidly demonstrating an enormous amount of potential that could include our own ability to travel through space. And if these advances continue to happen then unlike James Hansen science fiction hypothesis where people from the planet Claron had to continue develop for another half a billion years before they could use this technology it seems like a reasonable possibility with this rapid development that we might be able to do it in a few more hundred or thousand years. 

Unless of course we destroy the environment as James Hansen is warning us not to do; and the most powerful political people clearly seem to be trying to do just that thanks to what appears to be an insane political and fiscal ideology that is designed to consolidate all their political power and money so they can get it all while the rest of society falls apart. 

With or without advanced technology from aliens we're developing science at a fast rate and using new advances for insane purposes, and even if you think this hypothesis is insane it seems reasonable to agree with James Hansen's warning and stop the destruction of the planet.If that doesn't happen then we won't come close to developing the technology James Hansen speculates about on the planet Claron before we destroy ourselves.

Is this theory starting to seem like the simplest one that should be chosen according to Occam's Razor? 

Perhaps not; or at least it doesn't seem like it would be the most credible one. However in order for other theories to be viable from a scientific point of view they need to explain all the related unsolved mysteries. If the ancient megaliths or crop circles or many other unsolved mysteries aren't related to UFOs then an explanation for the UFOs doesn't need to address them but other explanations will still be needed to solve those mysteries; and if skeptics have to rely on ridicule or ignore inconvenient facts to explain them then other theories should at least be considered. 

If skeptics don't do this then why shouldn't they simply accept the oldest and most common explanation for just about everything, "It's God's will." This sounds like the simplest explanation and I can't imagine why more religious people don't use Occam's Razor to argue in it's favor. But of course simply saying "It's God's will" when ever they can't explain an unsolved mystery doesn't explain anything and is unscientific. Why would it be acceptable to refute everything by simply saying "that must be false because of Occam's Razor," often accompanied by an enormous amount of ridicule and circular argument that doesn't address important unsolved mysteries? 

In order to figure out which theory really is the simplest then it will be necessary to organize them all and ensure that they all explain related unsolved mysteries then the simplest one that actually does this should be chosen, at least until a better one comes along. There also needs to be more sincere efforts to review science, which there isn't. This includes the incompetent coverage of The Big Bang which is a Political Theory Disguised as Science as I explained in a previous post. If you applied Occam's Razor to the Big Bang verses the Steady State theory it seems like it would be more rational to consider the possibility that the doppler effect might be less reliable when it comes to checking galaxies more than 2 and a half million light years away, therefore as Fred Hoyle claimed, the Steady State is by far the simplest hypothesis and it has fewer flaws if any; however the big bang seems to have more political support. 

{ http://zacherydtaylor.blogspot.be/ }

18-05-2018 om 23:01 geschreven door peter  

Beyond time and space. NAZI UFO 1935-1945, Secret Nazi Experiments.

For decades, a rich mythology has developed around the claim that Nazi Germany’s engineers secretly developed one or more super-sophisticated saucer-shaped aircraft and unmanned disc-like missiles.

Tat this technology was appropriated by the US or the Soviet Union in the post-war period. The names Schriever, Miethe, Habermohl, Belluzzo are associated with some of these stories, and the locations of the secret plants where these craft were allegedly built range from Prague to Stettin to shadowy underground factories in the legendary “Nazi southern redoubt.”

Abandoned 1943 Nazi Concrete ‘Rings’ in Russia.

Abandoned 1943 Nazi Concrete ‘Rings’ in Russia.

Sometimes it happens that a finding at first glance fits into a complex puzzle, and may even serve as evidence that the story is true. So it happened with concrete rings discovered on the coast of the Barents Sea. According to many it is ex-starting devices for Nazi ufo

For more than 70 years these places, 170 kilometers to the North of Murmansk, were considered confidential. Nowadays a strict regime of access operates also.
These mysterious objects were built during World War II by the Germans.

They are located near the village of Liinakhamari, in the Pechenga district, close to the Barents Sea. There are different stories about their purpose, one says that it is a platform for artillery guns, but they are aimed back from the Gulf, to where the Soviet warships could appear, another says that they are launching pads for the Wehrmacht’s unknown flying objects.

Not only ufologists and conspirators, but also local people swear that the mysterious ring built in Murmansk Nazis who have tested their miraculous weapons.

It has come about primarily known project Dier Glocke, or bell. The machine working on the basis of antigravity, driven by a mysterious substance Xerxum 525, whose existence, although never confirmed, but it was written about him already so many books and filmed so many

documents that simply must exist. At least it sees conspirators. Now circular concrete rings look like they just started from there Die Glocke or more of the entire range of anticipated

Nazi ufo. Proponents of conspiracy theories cheered because they were able to find them by evidence that the Nazi secret projects existed.

At the end of World War II, when the defeat of Nazi Germany was almost certain, the US Army began to discover secret underground laboratories and factories throughout the territories. Missile systems, new cannons, jet planes, an atomic bomb, this is just a fraction of what has come to the surface. German advanced technologies and research were miles away from the rest of the world.

Secret Nazi Experiments.

But what happened to the best scientists of the Third Reich and state-of-the-art research? Workers in secret factories used prisoners from concentration camps. Almost everything that has been found in these strictly classified places has come to an end in the US. This in essence reflected the world’s power from non-human research. But what did the Germans also prepare, and what were their plans, which never saw the light of the world?

German UFOs
During World War II, flying plates were developed. This fact is really incredible, although research has probably never achieved the desired results. There are theories that should have been used to transfer a planned atomic bomb.

Atomic bomb
Official testimonies say that the Germans were far from developing a real atomic weapon. So they told the Nuremberg court. On the other hand, what is the fact? In 1945, Kurt Diebner’s scientific team had to test the atomic bomb at a German shooter in the Jonastal Valley, where we can now look for increased radioactivity. There are also several witnesses gathered by German historian Rainer Karlsch in the book Hitler’s Bomb. Other sources say that Hitler considered nuclear physics to be a Jewish science, and he did not want to share anything with nuclear research.

The project led by renowned rocket scientist Hermann Oberth had planned to create 22 miles above the ground a huge mirror that would be 100 meters wide and the Nazis would be able to burn any city on the sunny rays or arrange a nice weather on the Rimsko Seme. The metal sodium colossus was supposed to be (fortunately) finished up to 50 or 100 years after designing it.

In 1946, one year after the war, 27 US military ships, 4,000 soldiers and 400 scientists flocked to the shores of Antarctica. After two weeks, however, they have suffered huge losses, and so far this megalomania action is only talking about harmless research. Even after almost 70 years we still wonder what is hiding in Nové Švábsko? It was during the Second World War, when the Germans declared part of Antarctica as their territory and was named after New Swabia, and there were many mysterious German submarines that did not go back on its shores. Allegedly, there have been research institutes in newly-discovered warm lakes. But what really happened there?

Too many unanswered questions, many concealments and few answers. It is definitely a phase of history that needs to be deeper. But it could be a dangerous game.

{ http://www.alien-revelations.com/ }

18-05-2018 om 22:50 geschreven door peter  

Hubble completes the most complete ultraviolet-light survey of nearby galaxies — and the photos are mind blowing

BY MIHAI ANDREI 

Galaxies are amazing things, and we can now see some of them in unprecedented detail.

The spiral galaxy Messier 96 lies some 35 million light-years away. Image credits: NASA, ESA, and the LEGUS TEAM.

“There has never before been a star cluster and a stellar catalog that included observations in ultraviolet light,” explained survey leader Daniela Calzetti of the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. “Ultraviolet light is a major tracer of the youngest and hottest star populations, which astronomers need to derive the ages of stars and get a complete stellar history. The synergy of the two catalogs combined offers an unprecedented potential for understanding star formation.”

Light comes in different wavelengths. Ultraviolet light (UV) has a shorter wavelength than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays, and UV constitutes about 10% of the total light output of stars like the Sun. When you “look” at something in different wavelengths, you can infer different things about its physical properties. In this case, astronomers were trying to learn more about star formation, a process that still holds many secrets.

Astronomers combined new and old Hubble observations, looking for detailed information on young, massive stars and star clusters, as well as their evolution. It’s ironic, really — almost all we know about the universe, we know thanks to light from stars, and yet we don’t know how the stars themselves form.

As far as we know, stars form inside relatively dense concentrations of interstellar gas and dust known as molecular clouds. These areas are extremely cold (just ten degrees K above absolute zero), and at those temperatures, gases become molecular, meaning they’re much more likely to bind together. Oftentimes, gases clump up to higher and higher densities, and once a specific point is passed, stars can form. But here’s the thing: before the star is actually formed, the region is very dense and dark, virtually opaque to visible light (something called a dark nebula). Astronomers can still investigate them to an extent, but they use infrared and radio telescopes. So, instead, researchers try to find very young stars.

The research team carefully selected the LEGUS targets from among 500 galaxies, all of which lie between 11 million and 58 million light-years from Earth. Team members chose the galaxies based on their mass, star-formation rate, and abundances of metals –which, in this context, means elements that are heavier than hydrogen and helium.

Galaxies come in multiple shapes and sizes. We tend to think of galaxies as being spiral, Milky Way-like structures, but galaxies can be quite varied in terms of shape and size. Stars tend to be distributed quite regularly in galaxies, but while groups of stars tend to be more predictable, the same can’t be said about individual stars.

“When we look at a spiral galaxy, we usually don’t just see a random distribution of stars,” Calzetti said. “It’s a very orderly structure, whether it’s spiral arms or rings, and that’s particularly true with the youngest stellar populations. On the other hand, there are multiple competing theories to connect the individual stars in individual star clusters to these ordered structures.

These six images represent the variety of star-forming regions in nearby galaxies. The galaxies are part of the Hubble Space Telescope’s Legacy ExtraGalactic UV Survey (LEGUS), the sharpest, most comprehensive ultraviolet-light survey of star-forming galaxies in the nearby universe. The six images consist of two dwarf galaxies (UGC 5340 and UGCA 281) and four large spiral galaxies (NGC 3368, NGC 3627, NGC 6744, and NGC 4258). The images are a blend of ultraviolet light and visible light from Hubble’s Wide Field Camera 3 and Advanced Camera for Surveys.

Image credits: NASA/ESA/LEGUS team.

This is where the new survey comes in, and why it’s so important. By imaging the galaxies in such detail, astronomers are able to zoom in on individual star populations, thus gaining more information about them. We can almost certainly expect a flurry of studies on star formation in the near future.

“By seeing galaxies in very fine detail — the star clusters — while also showing the connection to the larger structures, we are trying to identify the physical parameters underlying this ordering of stellar populations within galaxies. Getting the final link between gas and star formation is key for understanding galaxy evolution,” Calzetti concludes.

{ https://www.zmescience.com/ }

18-05-2018 om 22:18 geschreven door peter  

{ https://nationalufocenter.com/ }

18-05-2018 om 21:55 geschreven door peter