The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
31-07-2018
NASA ‘clean’ room is contaminated with fungus
A clean curation lab at Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, holding Apollo rocks collected from the moon.
Clean rooms are the final line of defense in extraterrestrial exploration: Spacecraft departing for other worlds are stripped of any biological contaminants there, and samples returning from space, such as the Apollo moon rocks, are stored in pristine conditions to be studied later. But a new study suggests that a clean room storing meteorite samples at NASA’s Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston, Texas, may not be quite so clean, after all. It’s contaminated with an abundance of terrestrial fungus. The microbes—most from the common genus Penicillium—could confound the search for life in off-world specimens, just as the lab is preparing to receive samples from Mars and the carbon-rich asteroid Bennu.
“I’d characterize it as eye-opening,” says spectroscopist Marc Fries, who curates the cosmic dust collection at JSC but was not involved in the new work. “It drives home this point that fungi are an important part of microbial contamination.”
The results aren’t entirely shocking—the room in question was designed to be what’s known as ISO class 6, an international standard running from class 1 to class 9, in which class 1 is the cleanest—but they still mean that researchers need to be on their toes when curating future samples, says geomicrobiologist Aaron Regberg of JSC, who presented the findings this week at the 2018 Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in The Woodlands, Texas.
As part of a series of in-depth evaluations at JSC, Regberg and his colleagues swabbed the floor, table, and workbench of the lab where Antarctic meteorites are stored and processed for research. The meteorites, which blasted from the surface of other worlds before landing on Earth, are kept in cabinets pumped full of nitrogen at above-atmospheric pressures to help prevent material from entering the sealed environments. The researchers found between four and 28 viable cells per passport photo–size unit of area—similar to those in clean rooms at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, and the Kennedy Space Center in Florida where spacecraft are assembled. Much higher contaminant counts were detected inside the air filter for the nitrogen gas—installed in 1979 and not opened for nearly 40 years—but Regberg says the bugs were growing on the filter’s outer parts and multiple additional lines of defense separated this fungi from the actual samples.
Although most microbes in the other facilities were bacteria, between 83% and 97% of the microbes at the meteorite lab were fungus. That’s alarming because fungi can easily penetrate samples and grow branching filaments that chemically alter rocks. Some fungi also produce the amino acids α-aminoisobutyric acid and isovaline, which are rare on Earth but often found in carbon-containing asteroids. Were such earthly impurities to find their way into extraterrestrial samples, they could skew results, Regberg says.
In fact, the findings have already caused astrobiologist Daniel Glavin of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, to rethink his own research on lunar soils stored at NASA’s Astromaterials Acquisition and Curation office, which had detected some α-aminoisobutryic acid. He originally suspected that the amino acid came from meteorites crashing into the moon, but now he wonders whether it might have a more terrestrial origin story.
Exactly why the researchers found more fungi than in previous tests is unclear. It’s possible that the low-nutrient environment at the curation office somehow favored fungal growth, but Regberg suspects that it’s because prior analyses failed to include the right mix of food and incubations times and temperatures in the growth media they used to cultivate the samples. “I wonder if we’ve not found fungi in other locations because we weren’t looking for them,” he says.
The remarkable electromagnetic properties of the Great Pyramid of Giza could soon inspire nanoparticle designs for highly-efficient sensors and solar cells.
Scientists have discovered the famous pyramid concentrates electric and magnetic energy into its internal chambers and below its base, creating pockets of higher energy.
If this concentrating effect is able to be recreated on a nanoscale size, it could lead to a wave of new, more efficient sensors and solar cells, the researchers claim.
While the 481-foot pyramid constructed thousands of years ago for Pharaoh Khufu has long drawn intrigue for its purported mythical qualities, the study is among a growing body of research that attempts to finally get to the bottom of its physical properties.
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Scientists have found that the famous Great Pyramid of Giza can concentrate electric and magnetic energy in its chambers and below its base, giving rise to distinct pockets of higher energy
‘Egyptian pyramids have always attracted great attention,’ says Dr Andrey Evlyukhin, scientific supervisor and coordinator of the research.
‘We as scientists were interested in them as well, so we decided to look at the Great Pyramid as a particle dissipating radio waves resonantly.’
The international research team looked into the relationship between the shape of the Great Pyramid of Giza and its ability to focus electromagnetic energy.
To do this, the team led by ITMO University in Saint Petersburg, Russia, created a model of the pyriadmid, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, to accurately measure it electromagnetic response.
The researchers used the model to see how wave energy is scattered or absorbed by the pyramid. They tested the interactions with waves of resonant length, ranging from 200 to 600 metres (656ft to 1,968ft).
However, due to the lack of reliable information about the properties of the pyramid, the team was forced to fill-in the blanks for some factors of their model.
‘We had to use some assumptions,’ Evlyukhin admitted. ‘For example, we assumed that there are no unknown cavities inside, and the building material with the properties of an ordinary limestone is evenly distributed in and out of the pyramid.
‘With these assumptions made, we obtained interesting results that can find important practical applications.’
Scientists used multipole analysis – a method widely-used in physics to study the interaction between a complex object and electromagnetic field – to reveal how the pyramid concentrates electromagnetic energy into in its underground chambers.
A multipole analysis shows the pyramid concentrates electromagnetic energy in its hidden chambers. The distributions of electric (a)–(e) and magnetic (f)–(j) field magnitude in the Pyramid and its supporting substrate is shown above
This includes the two chambers believed to have contained the remains of Pharaoh Khufu and his wife, as well as the third unfinished chamber buried beneath the base.
The Ancient Egyptians that built the pyramids more than 4,400 years ago were not aware of this quirk of design.
However, researchers now believe the relationship between the design of the pyramid and its ability to focus wave energy through to its core could play a hugely-important for nanoparticle research in the future.
When considering the pyramid on a substrate – such as the limestone plateau – the researchers say it focuses the energy through the empty spaces to the substrate.
‘In the case of the Pyramid on the substrate, at the shorter wavelengths, the electromagnetic energy accumulates in the chambers providing local spectral maxima for electric and magnetic fields,’ the researchers wrote in the study.
‘It is shown that basically the Pyramid scatters the electromagnetic waves and focuses them in to the substrate region.’
A multipole analysis shows the pyramid concentrates electromagnetic energy in its hidden chambers. Distributions of electric (top row) and magnetic (bottom row) field magnitudes in the free space are shown
While the 481-foot pyramid built thousands of years ago for Pharaoh Khufu has long drawn intrigue for its purported mythical qualities, the study is among a growing body of research attempting to finally get to the bottom of its physical properties
THE PYRAMID OF GIZA
The Great Pyramid, also known as Khufu's Pyramid, is the sole survivor of the ancient Seven Wonders of the World
For more than 4,500 years, Egypt's pyramids have kept their secrets hidden deep within the labyrinth of passages and chambers that lie inside their towering stone structures.
But the long-running row over whether the Great Pyramid of Giza is hiding a network of previously undiscovered tunnels behind its stone walls has now been answered.
The researchers confirmed the find using cosmic particles known as muons to scan the Great Pyramid of Giza.
They used the scans to create maps to reveal the internal structure of the 479 feet (146m) high pyramid.
Last year thermal scanning identified a major anomaly in the Great Pyramid, the largest and oldest of the pyramids at Giza and one of the seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
Those scans identified three adjacent stones at its base which registered higher temperatures than others.
Those scans identified three adjacent stones at its base which registered higher temperatures than others.
This led to theories that they may be hiding a secret chamber that had yet to be discovered.
A team of experts then set up the ScanPyramid's project to use muons, tiny subatomic particle that are typically produced by cosmic rays smash into atoms on Earth, to peer through the pyramid's huge stone blocks, some of which weight up to 15 tons.
Dr Hawass has in the past been sceptical of the usefulness of conducting such scans.
He recently clashed publicly with British Egyptologists over their theory that a secret burial chamber may be hidden behind the walls of Tutankhamun's tomb in his pyramid in the Valley of the Kings.'
Although this research seems unconventional, modern physical approaches have been previously used to study the Great Pyramid, and led to a discovery of a completely new structure,' said Antonija Grubisic-Cabo, a physicist from Monash University who was not involved in the research.
'As this research is completely theoretical, it is difficult to say what we can expect it to lead to, or if it is even possible to do this in real life.'
However, the researchers behind the study are confident that the manner in which electromagnetic energy distribute in the pyramid could help scientists create efficient nanoparticle designs in the future.
That depends on whether the researchers are able to recreate the concentrating effect observed in the Great Pyramid of Giza on a nanoscale size.
Dr Polina Kapitainova, of the Faculty of Physics and Technology of ITMO University, said: 'Choosing a material with suitable electromagnetic properties, we can obtain pyramidal nanoparticles with a promise for practical application in nanosensors and effective solar cells.'
Scan the Pyramid project uncovering secrets of Egypt's wonders
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Great Pyramid of Giza can focus energy through its chambers
On July 18, 2018 a passenger flying to LAX noticed the bright lights out the window. He did a second take because he first thought it must be a reflection.
Passenger: Used my Iphone 10 to record it and could tell almost immediately it was in fact an actual object(s).
The lights would go in and out of the clouds, change elevation and location from my particular viewpoint.
I’m assuming it took place over Nevada based on the time. If you look closely, a white blinking light appears randomly both in front and behind the object.
This object when viewed by human eyes was white and glowing. Lost sight of it after 5 or 6 minutes as it slowly went behind the wing.
In a commercial airline so was traveling at least 500mph. I felt beyond excited because I knew then I was seeing something strange and was grateful to have the foresight to record it. I have submitted the footage to Mufon.
But could this footage be the evidence UFO hunters need to finally settle the debate on whether alien visitors to Earth exist or not?
It is extremely unlikely the lunar photos have anything to do with aliens but both MIDAS and the ESA agree the flashes were very much extraterrestrial in origin.
The ESA said: “On July 17, 2018, an ancient lump from space thwacked into the Moon with enough energy to produce a brilliant flash of light.
“With another rock seemingly in pursuit, a second flash lit up a different region of the Moon almost exactly 24 hours later.”
Despite the force of impact, current estimates suggest the foreign impactors were no larger than the average walnut.
UFO news: Two flashes of light were spotted on the surface of the Moon
(Image: ESA/MIDAS)
The flashing lights were spotted from observatories in Spain
(Image: ESA/MIDAS)
Space rocks of this size dubbed meteoroids are typically remnants of bigger asteroids and comets drifting aimlessly through space.
On July 17, 2018, an ancient lump from space thwacked into the Moon
European Space Agency (ESA)
The flashing meteoroids in question most likely originated from the dusty comet trail left behind in the wake of the Alpha Capricornids meteor shower.
The Alpha Capricornids shower usually starts as early as July 15 and continues until mid-August.
The ESA said: “For at least a thousand years people have claimed to witness short-lived phenomena on the face of the Moon.
“By definition these transient flashes are hard to study, and determining their cause remains a challenge.”
The flashing lights were not UFOs but small meteor hitting the Moon
(Image: ESA/MIDAS)
Three astronomical observatories in Spain scan the Moon for the transient flashes on behalf of the MIDAS project.
The observatories use powerful telescopes and CCD cameras to detect and identify the various impacts that rock the glowing orb.
Jose Maria Madiedo, MIDAS, said better understanding these lunar impacts can help better protect Earth from similar dangers.
The space expert said: “By studying meteoroids on the Moon we can determine how many rocks impact it and how often, and from this we can infer the chances of impact on Earth.”
A filmed version of Hamilton, starring the 2016 cast, could be headed to movie theatres or a streaming service soon: “According to The Wall Street Journal, multiple studios are currently bidding on the rights to the recording, as is Netflix, which would likely host the film on its streaming service.”
Priests and UFOs: “Michael Burke-Gaffney, S.J., a Canadian priest who is an astronomer and professor at St. Mary’s University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, had an extensive personal interest in U.F.O.s—even covertly investigating them for Canada’s National Research Council and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. In 1966, after the noted astronomer and ufologist J. Allen Hynek penned an infamous letter to Science magazine offering seven reasons why U.F.O.s merited scientific study, Father Burke-Gaffney responded with his own letter. He takes a more cautionary tone. Until we identify mysterious ‘atmospheric phenomena,’ he asks, should not scientists strive ‘(i) to exhort people to have patience, and (ii) to remind them that, up to the present, U.F.O.s have furnished no evidence of extraterrestrial beings, and (iii) to point out that the existence of extraterrestrial little green men is no more firmly established than that of leprechauns?’ There is no official Vatican position on U.F.O.s and aliens, although in 2014 the Vatican Observatory co-hosted a conference on the subject with the University of Arizona’s Steward Observatory, called ‘The Search for Life Beyond the Solar System: Exoplanets, Biosignature and Instruments.’ The next year, Pope Francis gave an interesting response to a question about extraterrestrial life: ‘In every case I think that we should stick to what the scientists tell us, still aware that the Creator is infinitely greater than our knowledge.’”
Anna Aslanyan reviews a film of a country that does not exist: “A young man stares into the camera, blinking, then turns his head away. His name is Kolya, and he was born in 1990 in what was then the USSR. Later that year, his native Transnistria broke away from the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic and proclaimed itself an independent state; today, it remains unrecognized by most countries and the UN. To Kolya, ‘it’s not important whether it’s recognized or not’. He has a Russian passport, but he doesn’t see himself as a Russian citizen; nor can he quite verbalize what connects him to this narrow strip of undistinguished land between the Dniester river and Ukraine. Extinction, directed by the Portuguese filmmaker Salomé Lamas, and screened this week at the Institute of Contemporary Arts, is a black-and-white portrait of a country that exists largely in the minds of its inhabitants.”
What is secularism?
It is the belief that “the things of this life and of the next cannot only be distinguished but also divided—what is more, that they ought to be.” Is this the best way to organize modern societies?
Essay of the Day:
What can Russian populism in the late nineteenth century teach us today?Gary Saul Morson explains:
“Populism fed on guilt, and everything about Likharev, down to his very gestures, expressed a consciousness of guilt about something. The populist ideologists insisted that all high culture depends on wealth stolen from the common people and is therefore tainted by a sort of original sin. As Russia’s greatest autobiographer Alexander Herzen lamented, ‘All our education, our literary and scientific development, our love of beauty, our occupations, presuppose an environment constantly swept and tended by others . . . somebody’s labor is essential in order to provide us with the leisure necessary for our mental development.’ Shame and guilt over unearned privilege shaped a generation of the ‘repentant nobleman.’ Pyotr Lavrov’s Historical Letters (1868-69), the populist bible, put it this way: ‘Mankind has paid dearly so that a few thinkers sitting in their studies could discuss its progress.’
“Perhaps high culture should be abolished altogether? This urgent question came to be called ‘the justification of culture,’ with many writers contending that justification was impossible. Since the symbol of Russian culture was Pushkin, critics, most notably the nihilist Dmitri Pisarev, insisted that any pair of boots is worth more than all of Pushkin’s verse. The nihilists at least worshiped science—like Bazarov in Turgenev’s Fathers and Sons, who dissects a frog to show that people are nothing but complex amphibians—but the populists rejected science as well. A story about the writer Vsevolod Garshin as a boy tells how he too dissected a frog, only to take pity on it, sew it up, and let it go. Not knowledge but pity became the moral touchstone. The populist argument about ‘the justification of culture’ became part of what philosopher Nikolai Berdyaev called “the Russian Idea” and, so far as I know, marks Russian culture as unique. (To be sure, it is common today to convict the Western tradition as the product of imperialism and dead white males, but that is still different from rejecting high culture per se.)”
How to Grow Crops on Mars Before Humans Colonize the Red Planet
How to Grow Crops on Mars Before Humans Colonize the Red Planet
What exactly will humans eat on Mars?
By Briardo Llorente, The Conversation
Preparations are already underway for missions that will land humans on Mars in a decade or so. But what would people eat if these missions eventually lead to the permanent colonization of the red planet?
Once (if) humans do make it to Mars, a major challenge for any colony will be to generate a stable supply of food. The enormous costs of launching and resupplying resources from Earth will make that impractical.
Humans on Mars will need to move away from complete reliance on shipped cargo, and achieve a high level of self-sufficient and sustainable agriculture.
The recent discovery of liquid water on Mars — which adds new information to the question of whether we will find life on the planet — does raise the possibility of using such supplies to help grow food.
But water is only one of many things we will need if we’re to grow enough food on Mars.
What Sort of Food?
Previous work has suggested the use of microbes as a source of food on Mars. The use of hydroponic greenhouses and controlled environmental systems, similar to one being tested onboard the International Space Station to grow crops, is another option.
This month, in the journal Genes, we provide a new perspective based on the use of advanced synthetic biology to improve the potential performance of plant life on Mars.
Synthetic biology is a fast-growing field. It combines principles from engineering, DNA science, and computer science (among many other disciplines) to impart new and improved functions to living organisms.
Not only can we read DNA, but we can also design biological systems, test them, and even engineer whole organisms. Yeast is just one example of an industrial workhorse microbe whose whole genome is currently being re-engineered by an international consortium.
The technology has progressed so far that precision genetic engineering and automation can now be merged into automated robotic facilities, known as biofoundries.
These biofoundries can test millions of DNA designs in parallel to find the organisms with the qualities that we are looking for.
Mars and Earth still differ in many ways.
Mars: Earth-Like but Not Earth
Although Mars is the most Earth-like of our neighbouring planets, Mars and Earth differ in many ways.
The gravity on Mars is around a third of that on Earth. Mars receives about half of the sunlight we get on Earth, but much higher levels of harmful ultraviolet (UV) and cosmic rays. The surface temperature of Mars is about -60 degrees Celsius, and it has a thin atmosphere primarily made of carbon dioxide.
Unlike Earth’s soil, which is humid and rich in nutrients and microorganisms that support plant growth, Mars is covered with regolith. This is an arid material that contains perchlorate chemicals that are toxic to humans.
Also — despite the latest sub-surface lake find — water on Mars mostly exists in the form of ice, and the low atmospheric pressure of the planet makes liquid water boil at around 5 degrees Celsius.
Plants on Earth have evolved for hundreds of millions of years and are adapted to terrestrial conditions, but they will not grow well on Mars.
This means that substantial resources that would be scarce and priceless for humans on Mars, like liquid water and energy, would need to be allocated to achieve efficient farming by artificially creating optimal plant growth conditions.
Adapting Plants to Mars
A more rational alternative is to use synthetic biology to develop crops specifically for Mars. This formidable challenge can be tackled and fast-tracked by building a plant-focused Mars Biofoundry.
Such an automated facility would be capable of expediting the engineering of biological designs and testing of their performance under simulated Martian conditions.
With adequate funding and active international collaboration, such an advanced facility could improve many of the traits required for making crops thrive on Mars within a decade.
This includes improving photosynthesis and photoprotection (to help protect plants from sunlight and UV rays), as well as drought and cold tolerance in plants, and engineering high-yield functional crops. We also need to modify microbes to detoxify and improve the Martian soil quality.
These are all challenges that are within the capability of modern synthetic biology.
Benefits for Earth
Developing the next generation of crops required for sustaining humans on Mars would also have great benefits for people on Earth.
The growing global population is increasing the demand for food. To meet this demand we must increase agricultural productivity, but we have to do so without negatively impacting our environment.
The best way to achieve these goals would be to improve the crops that are already widely used. Setting up facilities such as the proposed Mars Biofoundry would bring immense benefit to the turnaround time of plant research with implications for food security and environmental protection.
So, ultimately, the main beneficiary of efforts to develop crops for Mars would be Earth.
Aztec Ball Court Discovered Beneath Mexico City Streets
Aztec Ball Court Discovered Beneath Mexico City Streets
Written byReuben Westmaas
One of the great travesties of the European invasion of the Americas—if you can set aside the genocide, the chattel slavery, and other war crimes—was the destruction of history. Across the continent, invaders burned books, wiped out languages, and replaced ancient cities with their own settlements. That's what happened in Mexico City, built on the ruins of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan. But now, the excavation of an Aztec temple and a ceremonial ball court in the city itself has revealed that history can look strangely familiar to modern eyes.
Because so many great indigenous cities were destroyed, it's easy to slip into the assumption that they were small, or primitive, or ephemeral by design. But Tenochtitlan was an undisputed architectural marvel. Using advanced draining and construction techniques, the city of stone seemed to rest on the surface of Lake Texcoco, and used freshwater springs that fed the lake as a constant source of drinking water. In the words of conquistador Bernal Díaz del Castillo, "We were amazed and said that it was like the enchantments... on account of the great towers and cues and buildings rising from the water, and all built of masonry. And some of our soldiers even asked whether the things that we saw were not a dream."
The discovery of this 15th-century ball court and temple has already revealed much about the customs of the Aztecs before the Spanish invasion. The temple was devoted to Ehecatl, a god of the wind, and its prominent, half-circle design would have stood in stark contrast to the angular buildings that made up the rest of Tenochtitlan. The ballcourt may be the more significant discovery, however, because of the role the Mesoamerican ball game played in cultures as far north as Arizona to Nicaragua. The game wasn't just a national pastime, and that's putting it mildly. Besides the play area at this particular court, for example, archaeologists unearthed no fewer than 32 severed neck vertebrae—likely belonging to the losing teams. So what was this game that would inspire players to literally risk their necks?
It's hard to overstate the importance of the Mesoamerican ball game to indigenous cultures across the Americas. It's one of the oldest sports in the world, and the first we know of to have used a rubber ball—examples of these balls have been dated to 1600 B.C.E. The game changed a lot as it slowly migrated north over its long history, but some rules remained constant in pretty much every iteration. Like racquetball, the goal is to keep the ball in play, and points can be scored when the opposing team knocks it out of bounds. In most versions, players can only knock the ball around with their hips—hands and feet are off limits. Later versions added the great stone-walled courts, which were then further modified with vertical hoops that players could bounce the ball through in order to score bonus points.
But as you might have guessed by that pile of vertebrae, winning the game wasn't just a matter of hometown pride. In the Mayan version of the game, opposing city-states might choose to settle their differences on the ballcourt instead of on the battlefield, and also used the game as a means of foretelling the future. By the time the Aztecs adopted it, the ritual decapitation of the losing team was as much a part of the game as the pop-up fly rule is in baseball—though probably not as controversial.
Believe it or not, the Mesoamerican ball game isn't just one of the oldest known sports, it's one of the oldest that's been continuously played up to this day. Called ulama, the modern-day version of the game features substantially less decapitation than its predecessor. It survived in remote communities, and in recent years, a new generation of the descendents of Mesoamerican peoples have found a new fascination with the game. In 2017, hundreds of people from various Latin American countries visited the ancient city of Teotihuacán for the first international ulamatournament. If it's true that ulama can be used to tell the future, then maybe the game is on the cusp of a new revival.
Watch And Learn: How Long Have They Been Making Rubber Balls In Mexico?
Rubber Balls in Mexico: A Long History and a Mayan Tradition
Nothing changed with our atmosphere — just our calculations and assumptions have gotten better.
Image credits NASA.
A new research paper proposes that we are all one step closer to space than we assumed. If the calculations are proven correct, we might, in fact, be a full 12 miles closer. The exact altitude of this boundary — the plane where the laws that order airspace get superseded by those governing outer space — is an important piece of information in world politics, the authors note.
The recalculated frontier
“The argument about where the atmosphere ends and space begins predates the launch of the first Sputnik,” wrote Jonathan McDowell, an astrophysicist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, and sole author of the new paper. “The most widely accepted boundary is the so-called Karman Line, nowadays usually set to be 62 miles altitude.”
The boundary between atmosphere and space is known as the Kármán line after its discoverer, aerodynamics researcher, and engineer Theodore von Kármán. In 1963, when the line was proposed, von Kármán suggested that the speed needed to lift an object into the atmosphere is the same as the speed needed to keep it in orbit around the Earth. He also believed that the horizontal movement of the object on orbit would counteract the effects of gravity. According to McDowell, however, this just isn’t true. The position of the line was therefore calculated based on a faulty assumption and without any real means of testing — this was a time before real-life orbital readings could be performed.
For his study, McDowell drew on North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) data detailing the orbital comings and goings of over 43,000 satellites. Most of these orbited far above the Karman line, so McDowell removed their paths from the study. About 50 satellites, however, were used in the calculations.
What set these 50 apart is that they all performed at least full rotations around the planet at low altitude (below 100km / 63 miles) as they re-entered the atmosphere at the end of their missions. The Soviet satellite Elektron-4, for example, performed ten full rotations around the planet at around 83 km (52 miles) before it burned up in the atmosphere in 1997. In other words, these cases revealed that satellites could still behave as if they were in outer space below the Karman line — which raises the possibility that the altitude line itself is overestimated.
McDowell used a mathematical model to find the altitude at which the orbits of these satellites finally started to degrade and they dropped back into the atmosphere — he found that these events occurred between 70 to 82 kilometers (41 to 55 miles) high. However, for most satellites, the 80-kilometer (50-mile) mark seems to be the lowest possible stable orbit. So McDowell proposes this altitude as the new accepted boundary between our atmosphere and outer space.
The suggestion may actually get some traction in the scientific community. The 80-kilometer mark fits with what we know of the atmosphere’s structure. The mesopause, stretching roughly between 83 and 100 kilometers high, is an area where the air’s chemical composition changes dramatically and charged particles become more abundant — which harkens more to the state of gases in outer space than those in our atmosphere. Below the lower edge of the mesopause, Earth’s atmosphere becomes a stronger force for airborne objects to reckon with, McDowell wrote.
“It is noteworthy that meteors (traveling much more quickly) usually disintegrate in the 43 to 62 miles altitude range, adding to the evidence that this is the region where the atmosphere becomes important,” he adds.
While most outer space operations, such as rocket launches, should remain relatively unchanged if the new boundary is adopted, McDowell wrote, it could raise some important political and territorial issues
The airspace above each country is generally considered to be part of that country — but outer space isn’t owned by anyone. If the limit of space is set at 100 kilometers high, for example, and an unauthorized satellite passes at 80 kilometers high, it could be rightfully considered an act of military aggression between states. Seeing as satellites tend to sometimes wobble up and down along their orbits, a lower limit of the atmosphere might help ease tensions.
The paper “The edge of space: Revisiting the Karman Line” will be published in the October issue of the journal Acta Astronautica.
German Television Station Program Shows a Mysterious UFO
German Television Station Program Shows a Mysterious UFO
Conspiracy theory YouTube channel ‘mavi777’ seemingly shows an unidentified flying object (UFO) in a German TV station program. Soon after the video was uploaded, it became the hottest debating point among alien enthusiasts and conspiracy theorists. The incident took place over a month back, revealed the YouTube channel.
The clip shows a UFO in the backdrop of a TV studio. The strange object emanates light at times. It seems to appear and vanish rhythmically, which rules out a meteor.
The UFO sighting video soon went viral, and multiple conspiracy theorists began suggesting that this event captured on camera is authentic evidence of space alien existence. These theorists also criticized the government for staying mum about the incident. They believe governments are aware of these extraterrestrial visitors, but they are covering up the facts to prevent public panic.
A few days back, another UFO sighting was recorded on video during a weather program Skywatch7. WKBW-TV, an ABC affiliated TV station, released the strange sighting showing a blinking UFO in the skies during the live show.
The show’s newscaster was also seen pointing her fingers at the object. She then suggested that it could be a drone. However, conspiracy theorists said that a human-made drone could not travel at such astonishing speed across the skies.
Some conspiracy theorists think that Nibiru’s approach towards Earth causes the increasing number of anomalies in the skies. According to these theorists, Nibiru is a killer planet and now in its collision course with the Earth, and when this happens, devastating catastrophes will destroy the entire world.
Jupiter’s moon Europa is a promising place to search for evidence of alien life. New research provides insights on what might be the best – and easiest – way to search.
Artist’s concept of a plume from Europa’s subsurface ocean. Radiation from space has the potential to destroy organic molecules that have made their way via plumes like this one to the surface of Europa. New research now shows scientists where to look for such organics.
Image via NASA/JPL-Caltech.
When it comes to the question of what places in the solar system would be the best to search for alien life, Europa immediately comes to mind. This small moon of Jupiter seems to have everything necessary – a global subsurface ocean and likely sources of heat and chemical nutrients on the ocean floor. But looking for evidence isn’t easy; the ocean lies beneath a fairly thick crust of ice, making it difficult to access. That would require drilling through many meters or even several kilometers of ice, depending on the location.
But there may be ways around that problem. It is almost certain now that plumes of water vapor can erupt from the surface, originating from the ocean below, where they could be sampled and analyzed by a flyby or orbiting probe. And now there is another potential solution – a new study, described in Space.com on July 23, 2018, shows that a lander on Europa (now in preliminary concept studies) might only have to dig a few inches/centimeters into the ice to search for evidence of active or past biology, such as amino acids.
It all depends on radiation, which Europa receives a lot of, from Jupiter. The study, led by NASA scientist Tom Nordheim, modeled the radiation environment on Europa in detail, showing how it varies from location to location. That data was then combined with other data from laboratory experiments documenting how quickly various radiation doses destroy amino acids.
Europa as seen by NASA’s Galileo spacecraft.
Image via NASA/JPL-Caltech/SETI Institute.
The results, published in a new paper in Nature Astronomy, showed that equatorial regions receive about 10 times more radiation dosage than middle or high latitudes. The harshest radiation zones appear as oval-shaped regions, connected at the narrow ends, that cover more than half of Europa.
According to Chris Paranicas, a paper co-author from the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland:
This is the first prediction of radiation levels at each point on Europa’s surface and is important information for future Europa missions.
The good news from this is that a lander in the least-radiated locations would only have to dig about 0.4 inches (1 centimeter) into the ice to find viable amino acids. In more radiated areas, the lander would need to dig about 4 to 8 inches (10 to 20 cm). Even if any organisms were dead, the amino acids would still be recognizable. As Nordheim told Space.com:
Even in the harshest radiation zones on Europa, you really don’t have to do more than scratch beneath the surface to find material that isn’t heavily modified or damaged by radiation.
Artist’s concept of a future lander on Europa.
Image via NASA/JPL-Caltech.
As Nordheim also noted:
If we want to understand what’s going on at the surface of Europa and how that links to the ocean underneath, we need to understand the radiation. When we examine materials that have come up from the subsurface, what are we looking at? Does this tell us what is in the ocean, or is this what happened to the materials after they have been radiated?
Kevin Hand, another co-author of the new research and project scientist for the potential Europa lander mission, elaborated a bit more:
The radiation that bombards Europa’s surface leaves a fingerprint. If we know what that fingerprint looks like, we can better understand the nature of any organics and possible biosignatures that might be detected with future missions, be they spacecraft that fly by or land on Europa.
Europa Clipper’s mission team is examining possible orbit paths, and proposed routes pass over many regions of Europa that experience lower levels of radiation. That’s good news for looking at potentially fresh ocean material that has not been heavily modified by the fingerprint of radiation.
Data from the Hubble Space Telescope in 2013 showing the location of a water vapor plume.
Image via NASA/ESA/L. Roth/SWRI/University of Cologne.
Nordheim and his team used data from the old Galileo mission (1995-2003) and electron measurements from the even older Voyager 1 mission (Jupiter flyby in 1979).
Since material from the subsurface ocean is thought to be able to come up to the surface through cracks or weaker areas of ice, it should be possible to sample it right on the surface without needing to drill. That would be a huge advantage, and it would be possible to send a lander to a location where there is a relatively fresh deposit not yet completely degraded by radiation. Right now, the images of Europa’s surface are not high enough resolution, but the ones from the upcoming Europa Clipper mission will be. As noted by Nordheim:
When we get the Clipper reconnaissance, the high-resolution images – it’s just going to be a completely different picture. That Clipper reconnaissance is really key.
Artist’s concept of the Europa Clipper mission at Europa.
Image via NASA.
Europa Clipper is tentatively scheduled to launch sometime in the early 2020s, and will be the first mission back to Europa since Galileo. It will perform dozens of close flybys of the moon, studying both the surface and the ocean below. Mission concepts for the lander to follow Europa Clipper are also being devised, using data from Clipper to select a landing spot. Both missions should be able to bring us closer to knowing if any kind of life exists in Europa’s dark ocean.
Bottom line: Europa’s subsurface ocean offers the tantalizing possibility of alien life elsewhere in our solar system. Drilling through the thick ice crust on top of it for a sample would be difficult though. But now new research shows that a future lander might only have to “scratch the surface” to access any organic molecules deposited from the ocean below, in areas where there is less radiation exposure. Looking for life on Europa may actually be easier than we thought.
It seems aliens, in the eyes of UFO hunters at least, aren't content with just building on Mars.
Recently published images of Venus appear to show ‘huge cities, artificial structures and all kinds of elements’, according to one researcher.
He says the buildings were created by some kind of alien race.
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Recently published images of Venus appear to show ‘huge cities, artificial structures and all kinds of elements’ that some say aren’t natural to the planet Martian researchers believe these buildings were created by some kind of alien race, making Venus the second planet in our solar system to be colonized
WHAT MAKES VENUS INTERESTING?
Venus is the second planet from the sun, orbiting at a distance of about 67 million miles (108 million km).
One Venus year lasts longer than a day on Venus.
A year lasts 225 Earth days and the planet spins so slowly that its day lasts as 243 Earth days.
It is a dim, but hot and volcanically active planet and it spins in the opposite direction of most planets.
YouTube and alien hunter mundodesconocido put a video together explaining the large cities he claims he found while analyzing the collection of photos.
He even created 3D models of the structures.
‘Artificial bizarre shapes appear to be cities and seem to have elements that emit light,’ he said in the video.
Mundodesconocido takes viewers on a tour through the 'great city' on Venus, showing raised structures all over the planet that could be alien apartment complexes or just craters on the surface.
These images came from the Magellan probe that was shipped off to Venus in 1989, which arrived a little over a year later to collect data.
Its mission was study land forms and tectonics, impact processes, erosion, deposition, chemical processes and the planets interior.
At least 85 percent of the surface was found to be covered with volcanic flows, which could explain the protruding structures referred to as ‘huge cities’ in YouTube clip.
Scott C. Waring of UFO Sightings Daily, published the YouTube video on his blog to share with these findings his followers.
The Venus map used by the researchers: To see an interactive version of it click here
Pictured is the image of which the YouTuber found the alien cities. He shows others how to locate the cities using the map and easily accessible software
Mundodesconocido takes viewers on a tour through the great city on Venus, showing raised structures all over the planet that could be alien apartment complexes or just craters on the surface. These images came from the Magellan probe that was shipped off to Venues in 1989
‘Wow! This person not only found these structures, but made a CGI duplicate so we can see what it truly looks like,’ he shared.
‘Note, the entire…and I mean entire, surface of Venus is covered in structures.’
POLES ON VENUS ARE COLDER THAN ANYWHERE ON EARTH
Venus is the second planet from the sun, orbiting at a distance of about 67 million miles (108 million km).
It is a sad reality that some spacecraft like Nasa's Philae lander don't last as long as they should, while others such as Esa's Venus Express continue to surprise us.
As part of its recent swansong, as the probe plummeted toward the planet, the Express gathered new and unexpected information about the planet's polar atmosphere.
This data has now been studied and reveals the poles are colder than any place on Earth.
They are also covered with rippling atmospheric waves.
Venus Express arrived at Venus in 2006.
It spent eight years orbiting the planet, greatly exceeding the mission's planned duration of 500 days, before it ran out of fuel.
The probe then began its descent into Venus' atmosphere, before the mission lost contact with Earth in November 2014 and officially ended the following month.
Before it plummeted down through the planet's atmosphere, the probe's measurements showed it to be rippling with atmospheric waves and, at an average temperature of -157°C (114K), is colder than anywhere on Earth.
These recent observations show the planet's atmosphere is much more interesting than first thought.
During the final months of its mission, Venus Express orbited the planet low enough to measure drag from the atmosphere.
Our previous understanding of Venus' polar atmosphere was based on observations gathered by Nasa's Pioneer Venus probe in the late 1970s.
These were of other parts of Venus' atmosphere, near the equator, but extrapolated to the poles to form a complete atmospheric reference model.
Its mission was study land forms and tectonics, impact processes, erosion, deposition, chemical processes and the planets interior. At least 85 percent of the surface was found to be covered with volcanic flows, which could explain the protruding structures referred to as ‘huge cities’ in YouTube clip
Mundodesconocido shows viewers different areas of Venus and and shows other conspiracy theorists how to find the structures on their own. These images were taken from the Magellan probe that studied land forms and tectonics, impact processes, erosion, deposition, chemical processes and the planets interior
Some of the other structures spotted on the surface of Venus.
Has the legendary Mothman returned to West Virginia? One might think so with the amount of attention being given to photographs taken in Crum, West Virginia, less than two hours from Point Pleasant, which show an unidentified flying object that could (and apparently do) appear to some to be a flying winged humanoid similar to Mothman. Is it the real deal? Why has one photo gotten so much attention when a similar flying humanoid picture just a few weeks earlier in the same city seems to be ignored? Is Crum becoming a new Mothman or UFO hotspot in West Virginia?
“Was cutting grass in my yard today. Saw a really pretty cloud. Took two pictures of the cloud. Didn’t see anything but the cloud when I was taking the pictures! Afterwards when I noticed the strange black object in both of the pictures!”
That’s the report to MUFON accompanying two photos (see them on MUFON here (upper left, top of cloud) and here(closeup)) taken on the evening of July 25, 2018. The magnified version looks more like an object than a flying humanoid, prompting comments on some sites showing it that it resembles a ship, a kite, a drone or a balloon. On the flying humanoid side, there’s suggestions of Mothman or a human in a flying suit, glider wing or parachute.
Easy to identify close up and in daylight, but can it be mistaken for Mothman at night?
“I was taking pictures of the clouds and sunset in Crum West Virginia around 5:30 pm June 15, 2018. At the time of the photo there was no birds of any kind flying. I didn’t even notice it until later when I was checking my photos. I took dozens of photos that day. And this was the only image with this strange dark looking object in it.”
This photo (see it here) looks more like a flying human but could also be a large bird or a camera anomaly, especially since it reportedly only appeared in one of a series of photos. That could explain why it hasn’t received as much attention as the later photograph.
Why Crum? The southwestern West Virginia town is tiny (population around 182), close to the borders of Ohio and Kentucky and about 100 miles from Point Pleasant. Prior this, its claim to fame is “Crum: The Novel,” a fictional account of life in Crum written by a former resident (Lee Maynard) who was accused of basing it too closely on real people.
Easy to identify close up and in daylight, but can it be mistaken for Mothman at night?
The speculations that these photos might be humans in flying suits or parachutes comes on the heels of an article by Nick Redfern in Mysterious Universe which details how some people believed at least some of the 1966 Point Pleasant Mothman sightings were actually Green Beret parachutists wearing luminous paint in secret training exercises before being sent to Vietnam. Parachuting, parasailing, personal gliders, jet wings and jet packs have come a long way since 1966. Could these new sightings in Crum be something similar?
Crum residents would be wise to keep their eyes on the skies if they want to prove that Mothman or some other flying entity has moved in and they want to capture it, get rid of it or turn it into an annual festival.
One of the most popular destinations in the state of Arizona is the town of Sedona, which over the years has accrued a reputation as quite the mecca for New Agers and paranormal researchers from all over the country as well as droves of tourists every year. Arizona, and in particular this area is rather well-known for a high concentration of UFO sightings and for the mysterious energy vortices said to dot the landscape here, where earth energies crackle and which are believed to confer all manner of health benefits, as well as said to aid in meditation and self reflection. It is largely because of these alleged magical vortices that a bustling business of spiritual healing tours and metaphysical medicine outfits have sprung up here, and one can already see that Sedona is already a rather strange and unique place in an already rather unique and strange state. However Sedona is also the home to a very unusual patch of land where there have long been reported all manner of high strangeness, from UFOs, to ghosts, to dinosaurs, and more.
Go off the beaten path for while, off down a remote unpaved, rough dirt road just 12 miles outside Sedona in the Verde Valley, and you will be met with the site of a rather large, abandoned ranch, now inaccessible and blocked of by an intimidating gate plastered with signs from the U.S. Forest Service warning away trespassers. The desert scrub and wilderness area around the ranch is as remote and uninhabited as you can get, and the now uninhabited ranch itself has devolved into a feral place overgrown with weeds and partially devoured by the landscape. It was obviously once an expansive and successful ranch, so what is this place and why is it just sitting out there forgotten to be slowly reclaimed by the ravenous wilderness around it? For that we have to go back to the beginning, back to 1945.
Sedona, Arizona
It was in 1945 that a Hollywood stuntman and actor named Bob Bradshaw moved out to the Sedona area, where he opened a modest business in the form of a photography shop. With his Hollywood connections, Bradshaw also had a hand in many of the Westerns that were en vogue at the time and which favored the deserts and canyons of the area for sets, with over 50 full length features made in this vicinity over the years, and which helped to revitalize the area. With his new found influx of cash and good-standing amongst the locals, in 1960 Bradshaw purchased a 140-acre parcel of land out in the Verde Valley at a place that was then known as Bitter Creek, and this ranch and its old adobe house would also go on to become a popular place to shoot movies, such as the 1967 Elvis Presley film Stay Away Joe and others.
In the 1990s, Bradshaw’s son, John Bradshaw, turned the land into a more functional, actual working ranch, and it also became popular as a recreation spot for camping, horseback riding, and other outdoor activities. At the time this was a secluded place of natural beauty, with a veneer of Hollywood laid over it, but things would begin to take a turn for the strange beginning from 1992, when a series of escalating strange phenomena began to creep across the ranch.
Bradshaw Ranch
It supposedly began with John Bradshaw’s wife, Linda, who claimed to begin seeing mysterious orbs of light in the sky over the ranch, as well as sudden bright flashes with no discernible cause and streaking mystery lights. This was perhaps to be expected because the region was already long known as a hotspot for UFO sightings, but things would escalate quickly and further branch out into the weird. As if UFOs and anomalous lights in the sky were not odd enough, Linda claimed that odd comets would move across the property shooting beams of light, and that the place was crawling with barely glimpsed shadow people and other entities. Her and her son would also claim to have had a rather far-out encounter with actual aliens on the property, which she would see outside of her window one evening and describe thus:
Strolling past the window were four short-statured aliens wearing tight-fitting one-piece uniforms of a light tan color. They were what are typically called the Zeta Reticuli (also known as the Grays), only these appeared to be a bit more ashen-colored, almost white. Once the beings were out of sight and the witnesses recomposed themselves, the three of them jumped into their car and sped to the house where I was sleeping. I remember so vividly how my son vigorously shook my arm to wake me up. I can still hear the trepidation in his voice as he said, “Mom, wake up. They’re here!” I raised up and said, “Who’s here?” He exclaimed, “The aliens, Mom.”
The next day she allegedly went out to investigate the area where the entities had been seen and found tiny footprints in the ground, which they took video footage of. On top of aliens there were also sighings made of large, hairy Bigfoot-like creatures on the property, in particular one Linda nicknamed “Big Girl,” which was seen frequently, and other less discernible creatures. Even stranger than these sightings were accounts of spotting what were described as actual dinosaurs at the ranch, with Linda herself claiming one time to have seen a 5-foot-tall bipedal lizard with a long tail standing on a dirt path one evening. These apparent “dinosaurs,” purportedly left large, reptilian tracks that were sometimes found on the property as well.
Linda recorded these and all manner of other strangeness at the ranch, such as livestock and other animals falling ill for no apparent reason or the manes of her horses torn off, and after several years of this in 1995 compiled it all into a book called Merging Dimensions: The Opening Portals of Sedona, along with UFOlogist Tom Dongo. The book also features numerous photos that were captured at the ranch, with many of the strange phenomena not seen until the film was developed. UFOs, aliens, Bigfoot, Shadow People, living dinosaurs, what in the world is going on here? Linda Bradshaw believes that all of these disparate phenomena are the result of some sort of inter-dimensional doorway that has for whatever reason opened up at the ranch, and through which spew all manner of entities. She would say of her theory:
I believe these openings have always been on our plane and they’ve perhaps been the portals to allow others in, but if one were to ask my opinion of my experiences regarding this magical place, I would say that not only are they being allowed in, but they are coming in in great numbers. I would also love to say that only compassionate beings of light are scooting through these portals, but this does not always seem to be the case. I have come face to face with a few decidedly nasty beings.
The ranch subsequently became a haven for paranormal researchers, and it was featured on numerous TV programs, with orb and UFO activity commonly caught on film at the location. Readings taken at the ranch also showed the anomaly that it had a much stronger magnetic field than the surrounding area, by some estimates around 500 times greater, although why this is or what connection it has to the purported phenomena no one knows.
In May 2003 the mystery was deepened and conspiracy theories were spawned when the U.S. government suddenly and without explanation purchased the ranch and quickly had it locked off from the rest of the world. Locals claimed that there were frequently military personnel seen around the area, and in addition to the signs keeping people out were also armed guards said to patrol the area and turn people away in no uncertain terms. Unverified reports exist of hikers being confronted and turned away by heavily armed guards with no visible identification or insignia, or even more ominously chased off the property by either guards of all terrain vehicles that are all black with no noticeable markings. Dongo said of this in his book Mysterious Sedona:
A machine gun, usually an M-16 (or in some cases semi-automatic pistols) is then leveled at the hikers. By the tone of the voice of the “soldiers” the hiker(s) is left with no doubt that he will be shot on the spot if he does not turn around, retrace his steps, and rapidly leave the area. Those looking for hard evidence of these claims won’t find it. There are plenty of stories of suspicious activity, missing persons, and aliens and UFOs spotted in conjunction with soldiers, but no substantiated evidence exists to prove these theories. Military activity in the area could very well be routine training exercises and those hikers asked to turn around may be done for their own safety.
It seems odd for this to be the case with just a ranch out in the middle of nowhere, so why is this? Well, that depends on who you ask. For some it is because the U.S. Forest Service is looking to preserve valuable Native American archeological sites in the area, but of course considering all of the strange phenomena reported from here and the rumors of portals and vortices, there are others who think that the government confiscated the land in order to cover it all up.
It is hard to say just what is going on with all of this, but Bradshaw Ranch has continued to be a hotspot for the paranormal nevertheless, with hikers and tours that skirt the property often coming back with myriad tales of the weird. A very strange experience supposedly happened during the filming of a 2013 episode of Discovery Channel’s show Uncovering Aliens, with this episode focused on the ranch. According to the report, at some point a man named Steven Jones wandered away from the crew and onto the actual property of the ranch. When he returned half and hour later he was apparently in a daze, and he claimed that he had heard disembodied voices all around him and that he had missing time, and making it all the more bizarre was that his watch had reportedly stopped working. This was not put in the final episode, but it probably should have been. What happened to him out there? No one knows, and it just adds to the rest of the lore on this very strange location.
What is going on at Bradshaw Ranch? Is this all just kooky conspiracy tales, tall tales, and fiction? If any of it is real, then is it as Linda Bradshaw says, and there is perhaps some sort of interdimensional phenomenon at work here? If so, then why does it congregate to this one place? It is interesting to note the extremely wide range of different types of phenomena reported from here. Orbs, spook lights, UFOs, Bigfoot, aliens, dinosaurs, and others, all of them coexisting in this one patch of high strangeness, gravitating to this place for inscrutable reasons. Why should that be? Also worthy of note is that although the ranch had been there for years before Bradshaw even came along, why is it that the disturbances did not begin until 1992? What activated it, if any of it even exists at all? Why did the governement buy up the land and then prohibit access? Whether this is all urban legend, conspiracies, interdimensional portals, or something even stranger, Bradshaw Ranch certainly inhabits its own little corner of the strange in a state already steeped in the bizarre.
SCIENTISTS SAY—AT LEAST ONE ADVANCED ALIEN CIVILIZATION MAY EXIST IN THE MILKY WAY
SCIENTISTS SAY—AT LEAST ONE ADVANCED ALIEN CIVILIZATION MAY EXIST IN THE MILKY WAY
Based on their research, scientists have demonstrated the possibility that at a galactic scale there is at least ONE extraterrestrial civilization that has the necessary means of communication with Earth in our galaxy—the Milky way. Controversy or not but… American scientists Luis A. Anchordoqui, Susanna Weber and Jorge F. Soriano demonstrated the possibility that an alien civilization capable of communicating with humans exists in the Milky Way Galaxy, according to an article published on the website of the University of Cornell.
Image Credit
Experts based their research on the Drake formula in order to estimate the number of civilizations in our galaxy—the Milky Way—likely to possess technology that could intercept or transmit radio emissions.
According to their calculations, at a galactic scale, there is at least ONE extraterrestrial civilization that has the necessary means of communication with Earth.
Furthermore, scientists compare the number of planets where there could be advanced civilizations capable of contact with the rate of birth of celestial bodies that are within the habitable zone around their star. However, scientists note that powerful gamma ray bursts could endanger the existence of alien life. According to experts, the TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite) and JWST (James Webb Space Telescope), which are preparing for a historic launch, will allow them to verify the results of their work
And while scientists say that at least one alien civilization may exist out there, they have explained that the fact that the percentage of intelligent alien civilizations in the Milky Way is extremely small—about 0.5% when compared to the total number of alien civilizations that may exist in the Universe, which is something that significantly complicates their search for our cosmic neighbors.
This fact, according to them, is one of the reasons why we have not yet found aliens to this day. Searching for clues leading to the discovery of other civilizations, according to Soriano and his colleagues, will only be possible in the future when scientists discover more of Earth’s “twin” planets.
“A new arsenal of data will certainly provide an ideal testing ground to improve our understanding about: (i) the occurrence of exoplanets in the habitable zone, (ii) the early star formation rate models, and (iii) the GRB phenomenology. The past few years have witnessed the discovery of more and more rocky planets that are larger and heftier than Earth.”
“Finding the Earth-twins is a higher order challenge, because these smaller planets produce fainter signals and hence only a few have been discovered. Technology to detect and image Earth-like planets has been developed for use of the next generation space telescopes. The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is NASA’s next step in the search for planets outside of our solar system, including those that could support life.”
“The NASA roadmap will subsequently continue with the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and perhaps the proposed Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope – Astrophysics Focused Telescope Assets (WFIRST-AFTA) early in the next decade. The ability to detect alien life may still be years or more away, but the quest is underway.”
In 2016, scientists adapted the Drake Equation with data from NASA’s Kepler satellite on habitable planets in the cosmos. Researchers modified the Drake Equation from detailing the number of extraterrestrial civilizations that exist now, to about the chance of our civilization being the only one ever existed.
The research indicates that unless the odds of intelligent life forms evolving on habitable planets are extremely low, life on Earth is not the only one that evolved to an advanced stage. Scientists explain that the chance of an advanced civilization developing would need to be less tan one in 10 trillion, for our civilization to be the only intelligent one in the known universe.
Hugh Ross thinks so. From Tyler O’Neil at PJ Media:
On Wednesday, media outlets breathlessly reported that scientists have discovered a “lake of liquid water” on Mars. Fox News called it a “game changer” in the search for alien life, and Yahoo News reported something similar. The New York Times headline spelled out the implications: “Raising the Potential for Alien Life.”
Ph.D. astronomer Hugh Ross told PJ Media that these reports twisted the truth. In reality, the scientists found what could be a lake, but Ross noted that it certainly does not contain life. The peer-reviewed study published in the journal Science reported on findings from 22 planetary astronomers in Italy working on data from the MARSIS (Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding). The word “lake” is a gross mischaracterization of their tenuous discovery.
"What we found is some kind of sludge, or it could be localized brine pools," the astronomer Ross,president and founderof Christian apologetics group Reasons to Believe, told PJ Media on Thursday, elaborating onhis own article. "That's a whole lot different than you can take a speedboat on."
The astronomers used radio waves to discover a small, very bright echo suggesting something underneath Mars' south polar ice cap. The echo was consistent with the radar reflectivity of liquid water.
Here's the catch: the "lake" was buried under 1.5 kilometers of ice, the thickest part of the south polar ice cap. The pressure from this ice actually raises the temperature of the likely liquid water layer — to -68°Celsius (-90°Fahrenheit). That's right, this "water" is liquid at a point far below freezing. "The only way it remains liquid is if it's super-saturated with perchloric salts," Ross explained.
"This is not a possible site for life, it's way too cold and way too salty," the astronomer told PJ Media. "Even the most extreme forms of life on Earth are not able to handle this much salt and cold."
That's not to say the discovery isn't remarkable. Ross explained that the radar "found a spot that was too bright to be ice or rock — only liquid water would reflect atthhat surface." The researchers admitted this is an estimate, however — "we can't prove for sure it's water."
As for life on Mars, Ross said scientists will certainly find fossils, but that these fossils and other life remains will be from Earth, not Mars.
"I've been on written record since the 1980s," the astronomer explained. "If we look hard enough, we will find remains of life on Mars. We know that Earth life has been deposited on Mars through meteorite transport." How does it get there? Meteoroids hitting Earth would dislodge soil, and quite a few of them would have made it all the way to Mars.
But life — at least life like it is on Earth — cannot have ever thrived on Mars, he insisted. While Mars was "much warmer than it is today and much wetter than it is today" back about 4 billion years ago, any liquid water was "ephemeral."
Ross explained that Mars experienced a "carbonate catastrophe" that destroyed water on Mars. In his book "More than a Theory: Revealing a Testable Model for Creation," Ross wrote that "the Late Heavy Bombardment 3.85 billion years ago brought a lot of water and carbon dioxide to Mars," which reacted with Mars's surface rocks, depleting the Martian atmosphere of carbon dioxide and water. "Thus Mars was swiftly and permanently transformed into a dry, cold wasteland."
Mars also has an unstable rotation axis, unlike Earth. "If you've got a liquid drop of water on the surface of Mars, it evaporates because the freezing point and the boiling point on Mars are the same temperature," Ross explained. The boiling point of water drops even on high mountains on Earth. "Mars has such a thin atmosphere that water cannot be stable on the surface."
Even though liquid water may exist on Mars, Ross argued that the search for extraterrestrial life needs to involve more factors. "Water is only one of many requirements for life to be possible. Given how much water there is in the universe, that's not a good strategy," he explained. Furthermore, "too much water and too much carbon are a problem for life."
Earth, which Ross described as a kind of "goldilocks planet," has about 1200 times less carbon than what is typical for rocky planets of its size.
While Christians mostly doubt the possibility of extraterrestrial life, Ross argued that Bible believers have options on the subject, while atheists do not. "If you come from a perspective that God loves to create and He's compulsively creative, then aliens are possible. If you take the position that God' doesn't waste miracles, this is the only planet."
"From an atheistic perspective, however, you've only got one option — life has got to be everywhere," Ross quipped.
Ross, who has posited a "testable creation model," melding scientific theory with Bible interpretation, urged NASA to return to the moon. Referencing the human life remains that made it to Mars, he added, "We know that the moon has received 100 times as much as Mars has."
"We need to go back to the moon because the moon has the fossils of Earth's first life," the astronomer urged. "We can go to the moon and determine who got the life model right: theists or non-theists."
"That could be a real coup for NASA if they were able to prove who got the origin of life model right," Ross declared. "I think every taxpayer should be excited about that."
The news copy around life on Mars generally sounds as though it is written for people who have an emotional need to believe that there is life on Mars, whether there is or not. Call it a specialized version of the Drake Equation. The last place to look for reasonable skepticism often turns out to be science writing.
See also: But if we don’t find life on either Mars or Europa… … are we justified in drawing the conclusion that life is just not very common in the galaxy and that we are special? As opposed to They Must Be Out There Somewhere, experienced as an act of faith? What makes that act of faith “science”?
If we are alone in the universe, shouldn’t that make us feel more special? Instead of meaningless? How exactly did we get from “alone” to “meaningless” via eloquence from tenured pundits? Where do we buy return tickets?
Part 1. Assuming Mars was WAY more Earthlike a couple billion years ago, Mars had the same problems as Earth in developing (being GIVEN?) primitive life.
Part 2. Without useful van Allen Belts, Mars was then stripped of its atmosphere. Without a protective atmosphere to form the Biosphere, whatever simple, primitive Life that may have developed as pond scum in tidal pools would have died a thousand deaths from galactic radiation, hurricane force winds, and cold deep enough to freeze any surface water.
So that pretty much leaves us with the freaks that on Earth are called Exremophiles. And as on Earth, Extremophiles are an END STATE, not a development path. That is, surface life deforms itself to invade environments in which life was not intended to live.
This means that Mars is to be considered MUCH more dangerously INFECTED with nasty little bugs than The Moon. This is just another reason Earthlings should never ever set foot on Mars. And never ever bring back any Mars rocks for direct analysis here on Mother Earth. But humans are smart little critters, and sending REALLY sophisticated MACHINES to locate and analyze really interesting Mars rocks on Mars is clearly cheaper, faster, and MUCH less dangerous than sending humans with specimen bags.
How people would react to first contact with aliens?
How people would react to first contact with aliens?
If you haven't seen the movie Arrival 2016, it's really worth watching multiple times. The plot's a little weird for the first time. But the film really strikes you once watched a couple of times IMHO.
One of the things I like about the film is the way the whole world reacts to the first contact with aliens.
I think it really is an accurate representation of how human beings would react as a group.
The Sun Pyramid in Bosnia - Knowledge about the mysterious place of power
The Sun Pyramid in Bosnia - Knowledge about the mysterious place of power
The "Sun Pyramid" is probably the most impressive appearance of the pyramid complex in Bosnia.
Situated on the edge of the city of Visoko, it towers above the landscape. Visoko, a city with more than 20,000 inhabitants - Location: 30 km in the north of Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia.
In its size and monumental splendor, the Pyramid of the Sun - or Sun pyramid - far surpasses the impression that the Great Pyramid of Giza leaves on the viewer in Egypt. The Pyramid of the Sun, a hill with regular pyramidal geometry, with a cover of artificially produced concrete.
In April 2005 the pyramids were discovered in Bosnia by Dr. Sam Osmanagich, a world-famous pyramid researcher. Shortly afterward, scientists began non-invasive archaeological research. Field inspections, aerial photo reconnaissance and the study of historical documents and maps as well as modern topographic visualizations.
The sun pyramid impresses with a height of 220 meters and is thus a third higher than the large pyramid of Giza. This makes it one of the highest pyramids on earth today! According to the discoverer, the Pyramid of the Sun was built by a tribe of pre-Illyrians, which was only documented in the Balkans since the 6th century B.C. but was said to have lived there well before 12,000 B.C. - before the end of the last ice age.
Bosnian Pyramid of the Sun is one of the largest ancient structures on Earth
The latest research and scientific laboratory tests revealed a date of origin around 28,000 B.C. This is proven by a radio-carbon study of a found enclosed leaf, which was carried out in 2010 in several laboratory studies in various countries in Europe. They all came to the same conclusion. Already at the beginning of May 2006 the customer of the sensational pyramid finds reached the experts in Egypt. PyAly Abd Alla Barakat, one of Egypt's best-known pyramid experts, traveled to Visoko to explore - what these discoveries are all about.
The then President Sulejman Tihic also visited this "new discovery" - he was accompanied by 15 researchers from many countries - among them representatives from Peru, Egypt and China.
The excavation started in 2008 and revealed fantastic archaeological finds! Discoveries: Hewn stones, wondrous ceramic cast megalith formations weighing tons and widely ramified tunnel systems. All pyramids are connected by this underground tunnel system.
A tunnel system whose meaning and purpose can only be guessed today. Inside the tunnel system, there are several large megaliths weighing tons. The megaliths contain characters and symbols whose meaning has not yet been fully or at least partially discovered.
Again, there are clear indications that an exclusive natural or only human creation of the pyramids in Bosnia was highly unlikely, if not impossible.
All signs suggest that in prehistoric times there was a high culture there, which had excellent possibilities to produce materials whose quality today can only be reached or surpassed by modern production processes in a few very highly civilized regions of the world.
A prime example of this is the material that makes up the main large geometrically shaped blocks of the solar pyramid. Cemented geopolymer concrete, which in its density has almost already achieved the best quality concrete that can be produced worldwide today. And this 28,000 years ago! It thus exhibits extremely high compressive strength and stability.
Prof Dr. Joseph Davidovits, the founder of the French Institute of Polymers, prepared an electron microscopic analysis back in 2008: "The chemical composition of ancient cement is based on a lime/potassium geopolymer concrete."
Prof. Davidovits is considered THE expert in materials science and holds more than 50 patents in this field. His expert status is complemented by other award-winning books on the construction of pyramids in Egypt. Fact: The builders of these ancient buildings at that time used a gravel conglomerate as the base material. This is identical to the material used in the construction of the tunnel facilities (Ravne Tunnel).
Later tests brought this connection. Gravel conglomerate" mixed on site with water, an excellently composed binder, and gravel mass. This liquid porridge was poured directly at the place of use at the solar pyramid - in sandstone molds under the influence of high heat and pressure. Numerous well-known international and national scientific institutes confirm the presumed production and composition of these finds in a highly precise manner.
The foundation structure of the solar pyramid - geopolymer cement blocks. A cover/cover made of geopolymer plates. These panels are joined/glued together with a binder that withstands the harshest loads. Highly visible to the naked eye. Modern cameras precisely document these fine white splices.
Energetic characteristics
The Solar Pyramid - an energy-producing prehistoric building! An extremely strong energy beam emerges from the solar pyramid. Surprisingly, with increasing distance to the solar pyramid, this energy beam does not become weaker - as one might actually expect - but becomes many times stronger and more intense on its way.
The exit point of this mysterious energy was located by measurements of anthropologist Prof. Paolo Debertolis in 2010 at a depth of 2440 meters below the solar pyramid. The radius of the energy beam is as much as 4.5 meters - that is a measurable 9 meters in diameter. Consistent energy emissions - for over 28,000 years.
In the search for the source of this energy, it was discovered that the source of the frequency was probably a metallic, parabolically shaped "plate" with a diameter of 800 meters. According to Prof. Debertolis, this enigmatic object generates electromagnetic waves of exactly 28,300 Hz, a uniform sinusoidal curve that produces longitudinal electromagnetic waves concentrated 15 meters above the top of the solar pyramid.
The findings and research results were largely confirmed by the investigations of the Croatian physicist Dr. Slobodan Mizdrak - however, in his opinion, the origin can only be assumed.
Dr. Debertolis assumes that a prehistoric civilization could have created the inexplicable "energy machine" under the mountain. Several finds from the tunnel system suggest that the builders of the corridors had an immense knowledge about the functioning of pyramids.
For the discoverer of the "Valley of the Bosnian Pyramids" archaeologist Dr. Semir Osmanagich, the amazing energy phenomenon is the first proof of extraterrestrial technology on our planet.
It seems that the pyramid builders created a perpetuum mobile a long time ago and that this "energy machine" is still working. The extremely hard, ancient concrete blocks, which weigh millions of tons and cover the pyramids, serve among other things to focus the energy generated.
The pyramid of the sun works like a huge generator. A Free Energy Machine! The measurable 9 m diameter beam directly at the top of the summit plateau represents the discharge of the produced energy. This energy beam is topographically measured slightly different from the actual center of the pyramidal building.
Current measurements of further experts speak of energy vortexes, which move continuously in a spiral form from the bottom upwards and move in their locations or cannot always be measured at the same location.
Spiritual
The emergence of the "Bosnian pyramids" solely by man or nature is more than unlikely in view of the possibilities available at that time and on the other hand by the laws of nature. A hybrid project with guidance and monitoring through extraterrestrial influence, help, and support would be conceivable and more obvious. With what intention, however, that is still unexplored, although several theories are being discussed.
Even if it may seem like a science fiction story at first... many science fiction elements of the 70s are now part of our everyday life reality. The results of many other researchers clearly show that the solar pyramid has a special and remarkably strong electromagnetic field which differs significantly in its strength from the other hills around it. The solar pyramid pulsates and is acting like a living being.
The well-known English physicist Dr. Harry Oldfield took fascinating energy photos with a special camera, which clearly and credibly prove that the solar pyramid continuously builds up a strong energy in its interior, further amplifies it and radiates this energy vertically upwards at the saturation point. The pictures of the neighboring hills, on the other hand, show horizontal, uniform energy radiation throughout.
Local connoisseurs of the excavation sites lead us enthusiastically to a "healing stone". A large excavation site, a ca. 150 sqm exposed part of the cover of the Pyramid of the Sun. Easily accessible via 200 steps. Many visitors there feel the very special energy. It is good if they settle down on these surfaces and spend some time in meditation and silence.
Gentle pulsation, female energy, deep calmness and inner peace - release from inner pressure, so tensions and consequently, also pain can be released. Many visitors report very impressive experiences.
The special energy and frequency capabilities of the solar pyramid support our systems very competently here. From the cell frequency, over the heart rate - up to the brain frequency - liberating and energizing.
The 28 kHz beam at the top of the solar pyramid, a widespread energy spiral network that moves in and around the solar pyramid in vortexes, natural beings and orbs that are perceived by clairvoyant and clairvoyant visitors and that are present in particularly large numbers in these fantastic light fields - all this inspires energy-sensitive visitors from all over the world, who now flock there in droves to experience the places of power, to experience transformation - and to return home inspired as a "new human being" with a changed, finer perception. Whoever meditated for several hours up there on the top of the solar pyramid in the energy ray knows how fine and very special a healing change can occur.
Pre-History and Pre-Astronautics
For some time now, border science areas have been investigating phenomena on this earth for which the technical materialistic view of the world provides little or no explanation. Or even deliberately misinformed. Thus, there are numerous books and specialist publications on the market that report very special contexts of phenomena that cannot be explained normally (Mann, who built a gold-plated replica of the Great Pyramid, reveals mysterious energy (videos)).
Among other things about the topics of extraterrestrial influence on the emergence of mankind and our planet. The global pyramid system, in particular, stimulates the imagination and also the intention of research into these special structural structures.
And often the connection with UFOs, intelligent star races and their existence and work on this planet earth emerges. Also in the area of the solar pyramid - many cameras of my seminar participants show unknown phenomena, well photographable unknown flying objects, just - UFOs. Sensitively gifted people with a high level of visual perception explore the "moving" airspace with enthusiasm, as even simple locals confirm.
Conclusion: For Dr. Sam Osmanagich, the solar pyramid is an ingenious energy generator - built by a sophisticated civilization. The use of "free energy" (see Nikolas Tesla and others) is the best-kept secret on our planet.
And this secret must be rediscovered and solved by the right people so that we can finally stop our self-destructive energy production. We can take the first step on this path by already using these energies - at least spiritually - for our spiritual and spiritual development.
Why the Private Spaceflight Industry Needs More Lawyers (Op-Ed)
Why the Private Spaceflight Industry Needs More Lawyers (Op-Ed)
By Michael D. Shaw, Space.com Contributor
Artist's concept of a possible colony on the moon.
Credit: NASA
Michael D. Shaw is a biochemist and freelance writer. A graduate of the University of California, Los Angeles and a protégé of the late Willard Libby, winner of the 1960 Nobel Prize in chemistry, Shaw also did postgraduate work at MIT. Based in Virginia, he covers technology, health care and entrepreneurship, among other issues.
If private companies are going to start exploring and settling the final frontier — building human outposts on the moon and Mars, launching tourists into space or even building luxury space hotels in orbit — the world will need clearer laws to govern the commercial use of space and more specialized attorneys to understand and interpret those laws.
The world already has several treaties that govern what government entities can and cannot do in space, like the United Nations' Outer Space Treaty. However, private companies don't necessarily have to abide by the same rules.
We need law schools to prepare students for this infinite realm of property law regarding physical property, like the construction and use of spacecraft, space stations and even to attempts to colonize the moon and Mars. That preparation also extends to the vast universe of intellectual property. Law students also need to learn the mechanics of laws governing aviation and space travel, as well as personal liability and insurance. And existing lawyers need to expand their knowledge of these subjects, lest the commercial quest for space have nowhere to go because too many questions go unanswered. [Now Boarding: The Top 10 Private Spaceships]
Thus, for every scientist who seeks answers about the mysteries of the universe, there should be clear answers about the laws involving what we can do in space. If confusion persists, lawsuits may increase, and the cost of exploring space may become too costly a proposition for even NASA to pursue.
According to Wayne R. Cohen, a professor at The George Washington University School of Law in Washington, D.C., and a partner at Cohen & Cohen, P.C., the space race may induce a need for more office space. "Legal specialization may coincide with a rise in the number of professionals who specialize in some aspect of the space program," Cohen said in a phone interview. "In turn, there is — or will be — a demand for lawyers regarding everything from workplace safety to workers' rights in general."
The challenge for lawyers is to determine what laws already apply to private spaceflight. For example, there are international treaties about what the signatories promise their respective nations will not do in space, but there is little or no common law about what private companies can do in space. The United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairshas a detailed code involving space law, and this code covers everything from liability for damages involving space objects to the use of space-related technologies.
Prior to entrepreneurs like Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos, countries did what no one had the wealth or the will to do alone — launch the first rockets into space — paving the way for private companies to eventually build and launch their own rockets. Advances in technology and access to space require similar achievements within the legal profession.
Lawyers need to better educate the public about space law. They need to promote a discussion of this discipline, at home and abroad. The more aware people are of this subject, the more attentive legislators, news outlets and private companies will be, too.
The lawyer who understands this impulse — and offers judicious counsel without judgment, speaking to the needs of his or her clients — is an expert of insight and value.
(Natural News) NASA announced recently that it discovered organic molecules on Mars. In a press release, the agency said that the Curiosity rover discovered new evidence in rocks suggesting the planet may have supported ancient life, along with new evidence in the planet’s atmosphere related to the search to find current life on the planet.
The findings include organic molecules in sedimentary rocks that are billions of years old found near the planet’s surface, and they also discovered seasonal variations in atmospheric methane levels.
Although it’s being touted as a “new” discovery, Mike Adams says NASA had proof there was microbial life on Mars as far back as 1976, when the Viking mission found it with mass spec equipment.
On that occasion, Gilbert Levin, who was tasked with heading the mission’s life detection experiment, said that space probes found signs of life on Mars but it was covered up. The scientist has been critical of NASA ever since. He theorized that microorganisms may have made their way to Mars in a frozen and dried state after being injected into space from meteor strikes. Carl Sagan even reportedly congratulated this scientist on what many considered one of the greatest discoveries in science history, but it was quickly covered up.
In a video posted to the free speech platform REAL.video, Mike Adams talks about how NASA covered that up for political reasons, which begs the question of what else they might be covering up. He also talks about why carbon in the atmosphere is essential to life rather than the pollutant that the global warming camp would have you believe.
Adams believes that NASA preferred to slowly leak out the possibility of life on Mars discovered in the 1970s rather than catching the public off guard with the finding because they feared global chaos across various religions.
Organic molecules contain carbon, like the molecules in our body. Organic molecules are generally created by living organisms, such as plants. Adams points out that what they found were bigger molecules, which does support the idea that life is or was on Mars. All organic molecules can break down over time due to exposure to heat, radiation, and other conditions, which means what they found could, in theory, have been created fairly recently.
Getting closer to the truth
Could life even be there right now creating these molecules?
It’s not impossible when you consider the presence of water under the ice caps on Mars. Scientists reported in a study released this week in the journal Science that they found a lake under the surface of an ice cap situated at Mars’ south pole. The lake, which spans 12.5 miles, was found using the MARSIS radar and is believed to be a legitimate body of water rather than mere runoff from ice.
Scientists say that it could be our best clue at the possibility of life on Mars. Unlike the planet’s surface, which is considered inhospitable to life, the lake could well prove to be a good environment for microbial life to thrive. A similar lake found below the ice in East Antarctica on Earth, Lake Vostok, is home to thousands of species of fungi and bacteria.
The lead scientist of NASA’s Mars Exploration Program, Michael Meyer, said: “Are there signs of life on Mars? We don’t know, but these results tell us we are on the right track.”
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
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OK, so this is really a 2 part problem.
Part 1. Assuming Mars was WAY more Earthlike a couple billion years ago, Mars had the same problems as Earth in developing (being GIVEN?) primitive life.
Part 2. Without useful van Allen Belts, Mars was then stripped of its atmosphere. Without a protective atmosphere to form the Biosphere, whatever simple, primitive Life that may have developed as pond scum in tidal pools would have died a thousand deaths from galactic radiation, hurricane force winds, and cold deep enough to freeze any surface water.
So that pretty much leaves us with the freaks that on Earth are called Exremophiles. And as on Earth, Extremophiles are an END STATE, not a development path. That is, surface life deforms itself to invade environments in which life was not intended to live.
This means that Mars is to be considered MUCH more dangerously INFECTED with nasty little bugs than The Moon. This is just another reason Earthlings should never ever set foot on Mars. And never ever bring back any Mars rocks for direct analysis here on Mother Earth. But humans are smart little critters, and sending REALLY sophisticated MACHINES to locate and analyze really interesting Mars rocks on Mars is clearly cheaper, faster, and MUCH less dangerous than sending humans with specimen bags.