Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 13 YEARS AND 2 MONTH.
ON 06/08/2024 MORE THAN 2.161.100
VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
13-12-2018
THE SEARCH FOR ALIENS MAY DEPEND ON IN-SPACE ASSEMBLY
THE SEARCH FOR ALIENS MAY DEPEND ON IN-SPACE ASSEMBLY
DAN ROBITZSKI
Time To Outsource
If we ever want to find habitable planets far away from Earth, spot whatever extraterrestrial life be out there, or fly crewed missions out into deeper space, we’re going to have to invest heavily in space-based manufacturing operations.
That’s especially when it comes to peering into space that’s farther away from Earth. That reason is that we’re reaching the point where the telescopes that are big enough to improve upon current models are also too big to build on Earth then fly into space. That’s the crux of the argument of a new feature in Scientific American, which listed the in-space assembly and modifications to the Hubble Telescope and International Space Station as examples of how in-space assembly could push forward our understanding of the cosmos.
Size Matters
It’s simple physics: a high-definition image of deep space requires a telescope to have a big lens. Sure, it would be simpler to manufacture these complex apparatuses on Earth, but doing so would require the use of heavier and riskier rockets.
Meanwhile, smaller rocket launches — which could carry all of the parts, but with some assembly required — seem to grow cheaper and more commonplace by the day.
Crossing New Bridges
In-space assembly matters for other reasons, too. Recent progress in the realm of microgravity-environment 3D printing and similar endeavors will be necessary if we ever want people to actually explore deep space.
“Imagine a world where once your car runs low on fuel, instead of driving to the gas station you take it to the junkyard and abandon in,” DARPA program manager Joe Parrish told Scientific American. His message is clear — if we don’t find new ways to become self-sustaining on our journey into space, we will never get very far.
UFO’s en aliens zijn hier en jullie worden klaargestoomd voor de officiële aankondiging. Bekijk deze video
UFO’s en aliens zijn hier en jullie worden klaargestoomd voor de officiële aankondiging. Bekijk deze video
Onlangs stelde computerwetenschapper Silvano P. Colombano dat de aarde mogelijk al bezocht is door buitenaards leven.
Het zou volgens de NASA-wetenschapper gaan om een extreem kleine en bijzonder intelligente soort die voor mensen niet waarneembaar is omdat zij niet op koolstof gebaseerd is.
De uitspraken van Colombano maakten de Amerikaanse radiopersoonlijkheid Lionel woedend.
God
“Luister goed: er zijn buitenaardse levensvormen. Er zijn UFO’s. Ze zijn hier geweest. Ze zijn hier. Ze bewegen zich op allerlei verschillende manieren voort. Ze komen in alle soorten en maten,” zei hij.
“Er is zo veel bewijs,” vervolgde hij. “Er is meer bewijs [voor dit fenomeen] dan voor God.”
Je kunt God niet volgen op de radar, aldus Lionel. Je kunt geen foto’s maken van God. Daarnaast zijn er talloze getuigenverklaringen.
Bepaald doel
“Er zijn hele goede foto’s gemaakt die niet kunnen zijn gefotoshopt,” zei hij. “Roswell is echt gebeurd. Er komt een nieuwe documentaire over Bob Lazar uit.”
Het publiceren van dit soort nieuwsberichten in de media heeft volgens hem een bepaald doel.
“De mainstream media bereiden jullie voor op een ontdekking, verklaring of uitleg met betrekking tot buitenaards leven,” klonk het.
Andere dimensie
We zijn niet alleen, er is meer dan genoeg bewijs. Er zijn foto’s, er zijn videobeelden, er zijn getuigenissen van militairen.
We moeten volgens Lionel afstappen van de gedachte dat buitenaardsen per definitie op een planeet leven; ze kunnen net zo goed in andere dimensies leven.
Life in Deep Earth Totals 15 to 23 Billion Tonnes of Carbon—Hundreds of Times More than Humans
Life in Deep Earth Totals 15 to 23 Billion Tonnes of Carbon—Hundreds of Times More than Humans
Barely living "zombie" bacteria and other forms of life constitute an immense amount of carbon deep within Earth's subsurface—245 to 385 times greater than the carbon mass of all humans on the surface, according to scientists nearing the end of a 10-year international collaboration to reveal Earth's innermost secrets.
Deep Carbon Observatory collaborators, exploring the ‘Galapagos of the deep,’ add to what’s known, unknown, and unknowable about Earth’s most pristine ecosystem
Bacteria, archaea, and other microbes—some of them zombies—exist even in deepest known subsurface, and they’re weirder than their surface counterparts
~70% of Earth's bacteria and archaea live underground
Earth’s deep life suggests microbes might inhabit the subsurface of other planets
Barely living “zombie” bacteria and other forms of life constitute an immense amount of carbon deep within Earth’s subsurface—245 to 385 times greater than the carbon mass of all humans on the surface, according to scientists nearing the end of a 10-year international collaboration to reveal Earth’s innermost secrets.
On the eve of the American Geophysical Union’s annual meeting, scientists with the Deep Carbon Observatory today reported several transformational discoveries, including how much and what kinds of life exist in the deep subsurface under the greatest extremes of pressure, temperature, and low energy and nutrient availability.
Drilling 2.5 kilometers into the seafloor, and sampling microbes from continental mines and boreholes more than 5 km deep, the team has used the results to construct models of the ecosystem deep within the planet.
With insights from now hundreds of sites under the continents and seas, they have approximated the size of the deep biosphere—2 to 2.3 billion cubic km (almost twice the volume of all oceans)—as well as the carbon mass of deep life: 15 to 23[1] billion tonnes (an average of at least 7.5 tonnes of carbon per cu km subsurface).
The work also helps determine types of extraterrestrial environments that could support life.
Among many key discoveries and insights:
The deep biosphere constitutes a world that can be viewed as a sort of “subterranean Galapagos” and includes members of all three domains of life: bacteria and archaea (microbes with no membrane-bound nucleus), and eukarya (microbes or multicellular organisms with cells that contain a nucleus as well as membrane-bound organelles)
Two types of microbes—bacteria and archaea—dominate Deep Earth. Among them are millions of distinct types, most yet to be discovered or characterized. This so-called microbial “dark matter” dramatically expands our perspective on the tree of life. Deep Life scientists say about 70% of Earth's bacteria and archaea live in the subsurface
Deep microbes are often very different from their surface cousins, with life cycles on near-geologic timescales, dining in some cases on nothing more than energy from rocks
The genetic diversity of life below the surface is comparable to or exceeds that above the surface
While subsurface microbial communities differ greatly between environments, certain genera and higher taxonomic groups are ubiquitous - they appear planet-wide
Microbial community richness relates to the age of marine sediments where cells are found—suggesting that in older sediments, food energy has declined over time, reducing the microbial community
The absolute limits of life on Earth in terms of temperature, pressure, and energy availability have yet to be found. The records continually get broken. A frontrunner for Earth’s hottest organism in the natural world is Geogemma barossii, a single-celled organism thriving in hydrothermal vents on the seafloor. Its cells, tiny microscopic spheres, grow and replicate at 121 degrees Celsius (21 degrees hotter than the boiling point of water)
Microbial life can survive up to 122°C, the record achieved in a lab culture (by comparison, the record-holding hottest place on Earth’s surface, in an uninhabited Iranian desert, is about 71°C—the temperature of well-done steak)
The record depth at which life has been found in the continental subsurface is approximately 5 km; the record in marine waters is 10.5 km from the ocean surface, a depth of extreme pressure; at 4000 meters depth, for example, the pressure is approximately 400 times greater than at sea level
Scientists have a better understanding of the impact on life in subsurface locations manipulated by humans (e.g., fracked shales, carbon capture and storage)
Ever-increasing accuracy and the declining cost of DNA sequencing, coupled with breakthroughs in deep ocean drilling technologies (pioneered on the Japanese scientific vessel Chikyu, designed to ultimately drill far beneath the seabed in some of the planet’s most seismically-active regions) made it possible for researchers to take their first detailed look at the composition of the deep biosphere.
There are comparable efforts to drill ever deeper beneath continental environments, using sampling devices that maintain pressure to preserve microbial life (none thought to pose any threat or benefit to human health).
To estimate the total mass of Earth’s subcontinental deep life, for example, the team compiled data on cell concentration and microbial diversity from locations around the globe.
Led by Cara Magnabosco of the Flatiron Institute Center for Computational Biology, New York, the scientists factored in a suite of considerations, including global heat flow, surface temperature, depth and lithology—the physical characteristics of rocks in each location—to estimate that the continental subsurface hosts 2 to 6 × 1029 cells.
Combined with estimates of subsurface life under the oceans, total global Deep Earth biomass is approximately 15 to 23 petagrams (15 to 23 billion tonnes) of carbon.
Says Mitch Sogin of the Marine Biological Laboratory Woods Hole, USA, co-chair of DCO’s Deep Life community of more than 300 researchers in 34 countries: “Exploring the deep subsurface is akin to exploring the Amazon rainforest. There is life everywhere, and everywhere there’s an awe-inspiring abundance of unexpected and unusual organisms.
“Molecular studies raise the likelihood that microbial dark matter is much more diverse than what we currently know it to be, and the deepest branching lineages challenge the three-domain concept introduced by Carl Woese in 1977. Perhaps we are approaching a nexus where the earliest possible branching patterns might be accessible through deep life investigation.”
“Ten years ago, we knew far less about the physiologies of the bacteria and microbes that dominate the subsurface biosphere,” says Karen Lloyd, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, USA. “Today, we know that, in many places, they invest most of their energy to simply maintaining their existence and little into growth, which is a fascinating way to live.
“Today too, we know that subsurface life is common. Ten years ago, we had sampled only a few sites—the kinds of places we'd expect to find life. Now, thanks to ultra-deep sampling, we know we can find them pretty much everywhere, albeit the sampling has obviously reached only an infinitesimally tiny part of the deep biosphere.”
“Our studies of deep biosphere microbes have produced much new knowledge, but also a realization and far greater appreciation of how much we have yet to learn about subsurface life,” says Rick Colwell, Oregon State University, USA. “For example, scientists do not yet know all the ways in which deep subsurface life affects surface life and vice versa. And, for now, we can only marvel at the nature of the metabolisms that allow life to survive under the extremely impoverished and forbidding conditions for life in deep Earth.”
Among the many remaining enigmas of deep life on Earth:
Movement: How does deep life spread—laterally through cracks in rocks? Up, down? How can deep life be so similar in South Africa and Seattle, Washington? Did they have similar origins and were separated by plate tectonics, for example? Or do the communities themselves move? What roles do big geological events (such as plate tectonics, earthquakes; creation of large igneous provinces; meteoritic bombardments) play in deep life movements?
Origins: Did life start deep in Earth (either within the crust, near hydrothermal vents, or in subduction zones) then migrate up, toward the sun? Or did life start in a warm little surface pond and migrate down? How do subsurface microbial zombies reproduce, or live without dividing for millions to tens of millions of years?
Energy: Is methane, hydrogen, or natural radiation (from uranium and other elements) the most important energy source for deep life? Which sources of deep energy are most important in different settings? How do the absence of nutrients, and extreme temperatures and pressure, impact microbial distribution and diversity in the subsurface?
Comments
“Discoveries regarding the nature and extent of the deep microbial biosphere are among the crowning achievements of the Deep Carbon Observatory. Deep life researchers have opened our eyes to remarkable vistas – emerging views of life that we never knew existed.” - Robert Hazen, Senior Staff Scientist, Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, and DCO Executive Director
“They are not Christmas ornaments, but the tiny balls and tinsel of deep life look they could decorate a tree as well as Swarovski glass. Why would nature make deep life beautiful when there is no light, no mirrors?” - Jesse Ausubel, The Rockefeller University, a founder of the DCO
“Deep life probably has an important impact on global biogeochemical cycles, and thus on the surface world. However, we are still far from quantifying this impact.” - Kai-Uwe Hinrichs, MARUM University of Bremen, Germany
“Even in dark and energetically challenging conditions, intraterrestrial ecosystems have uniquely evolved and persisted over millions of years. Expanding our knowledge of deep life will inspire new insights into planetary habitability, leading us to understand why life emerged on our planet and whether life persists in the Martian subsurface and other celestial bodies.” - Fumio Inagaki, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology
"While we are far from being able to quantify it, we believe Deep Life has an important impact on global biogeochemical cycles and chemical equilibria in habitable rocks. Deep Life plays a role in aquifer quality, for example, or carbon capture and storage (CCS). Unfortunately, the deep biosphere is very poorly considered in engineering operations carried out in the subsurface. We recently demonstrated the high reactivity of deep biota to CO2 injections (CCS), which ultimately led to the bioclogging of the injection well, and surrounding reservoir." - Bénédicte Ménez, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, France
“A decade ago, we had no idea that the rocks beneath our feet could be so vastly inhabited. Experimental investigations told us that microbes could potentially survive to great depth; at that time, we had no evidence, and this has become real ten years later. This is simply fascinating and will surely foster enthusiasm to look for the biotic-abiotic fringe on Earth and elsewhere.” - Isabelle Daniel, University of Lyon 1, France
Exploring deep microbial life in coal-bearing sediment down to ~2.5 km below the ocean floor. (2015) Science Inagaki F, Hinrichs K-U, Kubo Y, Bowles MW, Heuer VB, Hong W-L, Hoshino T, Ijiri A, Imachi H, Ito M, Kaneko M, Lever MA, Lin Y-S, Methé BA, Morita S, Morono Y, Tanikawa W, Bihan M, Bowden SA, Elvert M, Glombitza C, Gross D, Harrington GJ, Hori T, Li K, Limmer D, Liu C-H, Murayama M, Ohkouchi N, Ono S, Park Y-S, Phillips SC, Prieto-Mollar X, Purkey M, Riedinger N, Sanada Y, Sauvage J, Snyder G, Susilawati R, Takano Y, Tasumi E, Terada T, Tomaru H, Trembath-Reichert E, Wang DT, Yamada Y
A new view of the tree of life (2016) Nature Microbiology Hug LA, Baker BJ, Anantharaman K, Brown CT, Probst AJ, Castelle CJ, Butterfield CN, Hernsdorf AW, Amano Y, Ise K, Suzuki Y, Dudek N, Relman DA, Finstad KM, Amundson R, Thomas BC, Banfield JF
High reactivity of deep biota under anthropogenic CO2 injection into basalt.(2017) Nature Communications Trias R, Ménez B, le Campion P, Zivanovic Y, Lecourt L, Lecoeuvre A, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Uhl J, Gíslason SR, Alfreðsson HA, Mesfin KG, Snæbjörnsdóttir SA, Aradóttir ES, Gunnarsson I, Matter JM, Stute M, Oelkers EH, Gérard E
Illustrations
Note: High resolution version of most of the images below can be accessed by simply clicking on the images.
A nematode (eukaryote) in a biofilm of microorganisms. This unidentified nematode (Poikilolaimus sp.) from Kopanang gold mine in South Africa, lives 1.4 km below the surface.
Image courtesy of Gaetan Borgonie (Extreme Life Isyensya, Belgium).
Cells in this cluster of archaea (the ANME-2 cells, red) and bacteria (Desulfosarcina / Desulfococcus species, green) work together to harvest energy from methane at seafloor seeps. These organisms have very slow growth rates with a minimum doubling time of a few months, making them very difficult to cultivate and study in the lab.
Image courtesy Katrin Knittel (MPI Bremen)
Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator (the purplish, blue rod-shaped cells straddling orange carbon spheres) is a species of bacteria that survives on hydrogen (H2) from radiolysis of water and sulfate derived from oxidation of pyrite by radolytically produced oxygen and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and fixes carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen (N2). Scientists originally found Ca. Desulforudis living within a fluid and gas-filled fracture 2.8 km beneath Earth’s surface at Mponeng Gold Mine near Johannesburg, South Africa. Surprisingly, scientists found no other organisms in their samples, making this deep ecosystem the first found on Earth with only one species. The genus name Desulforudis comes from the Latin for "from sulfur" and "rod," noting its shape and its ability to get energy from sulfates. And audaxviator? From Jules Verne's Journey to the Center of the Earth, and a message in Latin deciphered by Verne's protagonist, Professor Lidenbrock, which read in part: "descend, bold traveler, and attain the center of the Earth."
Image courtesy of Greg Wanger (California Institute of Technology, USA) and Gordon Southam (The University of Queensland, Australia)
This is a species of Methanobacterium, which produces methane. Found in samples from a buried coal bed 2 km below the Pacific Ocean floor off the coast of Japan, this specimen was retrieved during an Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (now the International Ocean Discovery Program) expedition in 2012 aboard the Drilling Vessel Chikyu. Bar represents 10 µm.
Image courtesy of Hiroyuki Imachi (Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Japan). Please note that a high-resolution version of this image is available by contacting images@jamstec.go.jp
These archaea, Altiarchaeales, were originally found living in sulfidic springs in Germany. Scientists collected water samples from a 30m-deep borehole, however the cells they analyzed could be living at much greater depths. Each cell is surrounded by a fuzzy coat of “hami,” hair-like appendages with “grappling hooks” at the end and barb-wire-like prickles along their length. These surface structures help the cells stick to surfaces.
Image courtesy of Christine Moissl-Eichinger (Medical University of Graz, Austria)
Cara Magnabosco and colleagues collect ancient water samples 1.3 km deep within the Beatrix Gold Mine, South Africa to investigate the diversity and abundance of deep microbes.
Image courtesy of Gaetan Borgonie (Extreme Life Isyensya, Belgium) and Barbara Sherwood Lollar (University of Toronto, Canada)
The Japanese scientific drilling vessel Chikyu has made it possible for scientists to access microbial life in the deep subsurface. The ship is designed to ultimately drill 7 km beneath the seabed in some of the planet’s most seismically-active regions. DCO researchers were onboard the vessel for an expedition to the Nankai Trough in 2016 to determine the temperature and pressure limits of microbial life at temps above 120°C.
Photo copyright JAMSTEC. Please note that a high-resolution version of this image is available by contacting images@jamstec.go.jp
The D/V Chikyu is one of the most advanced scientific drilling ships available today. Coring operations take place 24 hours a day.
Image courtesy of Luc Riolon/JAMSTEC
Scientists look for signs of life in cores like this one. The cores on International Ocean Discovery Program's (IODP) Expedition 337 were taken to depths down to 2.5 km below the seafloor, where temperature increases from 30°C to 60°C, spanning the predicted temperature limit for life on Earth.
Image courtesy of Luc Riolon/JAMSTEC
IODP Expedition 357 to the Atlantis Massif pioneered the use of seabed rockdrills, MeBo (left) and RockDrill2 (right), equipped with sensors capable of monitoring in-situ fluid conditions during drilling, and with the potential to "plug" a borehole. Such technology is enhancing scientists’ ability to understand conditions of the deep subsurface encountered by microbial life. Images courtesy of ECORD/IODP
Onderzoekers ontdekken reusachtig, mysterieus ecosysteem op kilometers onder onze voeten. Zit het meeste leven in de aarde?
Onderzoekers ontdekken reusachtig, mysterieus ecosysteem op kilometers onder onze voeten. Zit het meeste leven in de aarde?
Onderzoekers van het Deep Carbon Observatory (DCO) hebben ontdekt dat zich diep onder de aardkorst bijna dubbel zoveel levende organismen bevinden als in alle oceanen samen.
De wetenschappers boorden tot vijf kilometer diep en ontdekten dat 70 procent van alle bacteriën zich onder het oppervlak bevindt.
Volgens de onderzoekers is de diversiteit daar vergelijkbaar met die in de Amazone of op de Galapagoseilanden.
Miljoenen
“We hebben een volledig nieuw levensreservoir ontdekt,” zei Karen Lloyd van de Universiteit van Tennessee.
“We ontdekken constant nieuwe levenssoorten onder het aardoppervlak. Er zit meer leven in de aarde dan erop.”
Diep in de aarde leven letterlijk miljoenen onontdekte soorten.
Elke diepte
Zo werd op een diepte van 2,5 kilometer een organisme ontdekt dat daar al miljoenen jaren begraven ligt en volledig onafhankelijk is van energie van de zon.
In hydrothermale bronnen op de zeebodem zijn organismen gevonden die gedijen bij temperaturen van 121 graden Celsius, ver boven het kookpunt van water.
De onderzoekers proberen te achterhalen op welke diepte geen leven meer mogelijk is, maar op elke diepte vinden ze weer leven.
Andere planeten
Zelfs op vijf kilometer diepte onder continenten en 10,5 kilometer onder het wateroppervlak werd leven aangetroffen.
Dit betekent dat ook op andere planeten op grote diepte leven mogelijk is.
Mysterieus netwerk
Bij het Deep Carbon Observatory zijn meer dan 1000 wetenschappers uit 52 landen betrokken.
Al meer dan 10 jaar brengen ze de ‘diepe biosfeer’ van de aarde in kaart, een mysterieus netwerk van ondergrondse ecosystemen tussen het aardoppervlak en de kern.
Images captured from the JunoCam imager seem to show a dolphin-shaped cloud swimming across Jupiter. While seeing an image of a dolphin-shaped cloud is like seeing the face of Jesus in your toast, the phenomenon that’s called pareidolia where we perceive images in random patterns, is really quite fascinating and fun to look at.
Juno spacecraft has been collecting data from our solar system’s largest planet since arriving there in July of 2016 and is expected stay operational until 2021.
On October 29, 2018, the Juno spacecraft made its sixteenth close flyby of the giant gas planet. Citizen-scientists Brian Swift and Seán Doran created the images by using the data collected from an instrument on the spacecraft called the JunoCam imager. According to NASA’s photo description, the series of images that captured the dolphin-shaped cloud swimming along the planet’s South South Temperate Belt appeared between 2:26 p.m. and 2:46 p.m. PDT and were taken from a distance of approximately 11,400 miles to 31,700 miles above Jupiter’s atmosphere.
Although NASA officially released the photo to the public on November 30th, Seán Doran beat them to it as he posted a photo of the oddly-shaped cloud on November 7th in a Twitter post. Since Juno arrived at Jupiter, Doran has been processing images with data collected from the spacecraft.
Another strange image captured two of Saturn’s moons in an odd position. Although it looks more like a snowman, the image was of Saturn’s moons called Dione and Rhea that was captured by the Cassini spacecraft that spent thirteen years orbiting the ringed planet before plunging into its atmosphere in September of 2017.
While the two moons look as though they were conjoined in the picture, Dione (which is the top moon in the picture) is in fact quite a bit smaller than Rhea. Dione has a diameter of 1,123 kilometers while Rhea has a diameter of 1,528 kilometers. Since Dione was closer to the spacecraft at the time that the picture was taken, they both appear nearly identical and as if they were touching or joined even though they are two separate moons. To elaborate, at the time that the picture was taken, Dione was approximately 1.1 million kilometers from Cassini, while Rhea was about 1.6 million kilometers away from the spacecraft.
Another reason why the moons looked conjoined is because Dione has a large crater called Evander that’s located in the center of the South Polar Region (where Rhea appears to connect with it) which makes the picture even more convincing that they were joined.
Something odd happened over Hull, England this week. Or, at least it sure appears like something odd happened. On the afternoon of Monday, November 10, residents in the Preston Road area of Hull in East Yorkshire spotted what appeared to be a strange-looking aircraft in the skies and took to social media to ask if anyone knew anything. The aircraft wasdescribedas having a “short body, no nose or tail and huge wings” and was reported to hover silently and still before zooming away at a high rate of speed. Sound familiar?
Why, yes. Yes it does.
It should, to anyone who’s ever read a single UFO sighting report. Of course, many modern unmanned aerial vehicles match that description and are capable of similar acrobatics. Whatever the airborne object was, it seems to have attracted the attention of the Royal Air Force in a big way. According to the UK Ministry of Defence, a “Quick Reaction Alert” (QRA) mission was carried out Monday afternoon by RAF Typhoon aircraft around the same time as the reported sighting. That’s where things get confusing, though; the MOD claims that the Typhoons were scrambled from RAF Lossiemouth in Scotland to intercept an “unidentified aircraft” that was not the same onethat was spotted over Hull. Seems like a pretty big coincidence.
An RAF Typhoon
Civilian air traffic logs show that a Cessna 680 Citation Sovereign flew over Hull around the same time as the reported sighting and the RAF intercept flights, but that aircraft doesn’t exactly match descriptions of what was seen in the skies of East Yorkshire. Meanwhile, the MOD released a press statement stating simply that the QRA over Hull was to intercept “an undisclosed airspace incursion” but released no further details.
The 680 Cessna Citation Sovereign
Interestingly, the MOD statement also says the QRA was the first mission in which RAF Typhoons have carried the new Meteor Air-to-Air missile, an anti-aircraft missile capable of flying at four times the speed of sound designed to counter new hypersonic weapons and aircraft. Was this merely a chest-thumping drill to demonstrate that the Meteor missiles are ready for action, or could this have been something stranger?
A UFO Caught On Video During Sunset Over City of Keller in Texas
A UFO Caught On Video During Sunset Over City of Keller in Texas
Keller resident Angie McNatt Krackenberger was snapping photographs of a breathtaking scene of the sunset on J.T. Ottinger Road, located just south of Texas 114, near from her home, on the evening of November 19, 2018.
The photography enthusiast and teacher noticed something unusual while taking pictures of the sunset.
She saw through her lens clouds moving and eventually disappearing, but one simply remained.
She described the mysterious thing as glowing and much smaller than the other clouds.
She later realized that it stayed put and completely unchanged.
So, she zoomed in and found out that it was not a cloud at all, but could not identify it either. She took a few pictures and recorded some videos. She continued to observe the strange object for around 15 minutes.
When the sun already set, she got back in her car and tried to think an explanation of what she saw but could not think of anything.
She called her husband while on the drive home to tell him about what she had seen. Her husband suggested it could be a weather balloon, or perhaps a blimp.However, when she let him viewed the footage, he was also equally confused.
Disc-shaped UFO over Ehrenberg, Arizona 9-Dec-2018
Disc-shaped UFO over Ehrenberg, Arizona 9-Dec-2018
This daytime UFO video of a solid flying saucer was filmed over Ehrenberg, AZ on 9th December 2018.
Witness report:
Driving back from Disneyland with the family on I-10 heading east stopped at Chevron near Ehrenberg AZ to get gas, made a wrong turn to get back on highway, wound up on dirt road close to the gas station and noticed a dark object hovering completely motionless just above the mountains in the Southern sky. I observed it for approximately 5 minutes, it had absolutely no motion whatsoever. I was able to videotape it and took one photo before the wife made me leave and get back on the road towards home.
It’s the 100th anniversary of the birth of the Soviet Union’s most famous (and most hated by its leaders ) novelist — Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn – who brought the word “gulag” into the vocabulary of the Western world. A century later, a certain Russian space scientist may be glad those forced labor camps no longer exist (or do they?) after going against the leader of Russia’s space program and saying that not only does he believe that the U.S. landed humans on the moon, faking such a landing would be harder than actually accomplishing it. Hear that,lunar-landing-denier Steph Curry?
“Falsifying moon soil is impossible. The Americans brought back to Earth about 300 kilos of it, most of it basalt.”
In a wide-ranging interview with the Russian news agency RIA Novosti, Yury Kostitsyn, the head of Russia’s Institute of Analytical Chemistry, went against recent statements of Roscosmos head Dmitry Rogozin, who “joked” that one purpose of Russia’s own future lunar missions will be to prove or disprove the 1969 Apollo 11 landing, give the country an opportunity to check whether Neil Armstrong’s footprints are actually out there.
“The question of whether the Americans landed on the moon in 1961-1972 is not controversial. However, there are still speculations on this topic in the world and mainly come from people who have nothing to do with space. You will not hear from any astronaut that the Americans have not landed on the moon.”
The “astronauts” Kostitsyn is referring to are Russian cosmonauts who know that the U.S. lunar space program was and still is far ahead of theirs. However, as a scientist, he looks for proof in the lunar rocks themselves, which he and other Russians were allowed to examine. He points out that although basalt came into existence on both the Earth and the moon at the same time, there are no old samples on Earth because of weathering. On the other hand, the samples from the moon are over 4 billion years old, far older than any rocks on Earth. In addition, they show a different form of weathering due to solar wind, which does not affect Earth rocks.
Then he goes after Dmitry Rogozin and Steph Curry.
“The Americans were very worried whether the USSR was going to arrange a trick on the moon – after all, at the same time as their mission, the USSR launched its probes on the moon. Of course, we did not have the task to harm them, it was – to get ahead. Staging the landing of American astronauts on the moon would be more difficult and more expensive than its actual implementation. Including because then this deception would have to be kept secret, which is not possible. NASA could classify its materials, but many independent firms participated in the implementation of Apollo.”
Even in the Soviet Union, with the threat of gulags and worse, it would be impossible to have so many different and independent parties keep such a massive hoax a secret for 50 years. Kostitsyn also points out that, while the U.S. seems to be focused on Mars, Russia is talking about establishing a base on the moon – a project that will require a better understanding of how much water is actually there and available.
“To build a base on the moon, you first need to establish life there and solve the problem of protecting people from space radiation. To do this, from the lunar substance to build shelters, and inside them to maintain the atmosphere. It is difficult to carry oxygen from Earth, therefore the water on the Moon is of primary interest – we need to understand how much water is there, how much water is available and how to get oxygen out of it.”
Oxygen and protection from radiation – two challenges Kostitsyn thinks are beyond the ability of Roscosmos and its goal of establishing a base in the 2030s.
“I think that humankind will not be able to fully live on the Moon soon. In the next decade, most likely, missions to the Moon will be resumed – both Russia, the USA and China have plans to launch orbiters there for the time being. Plans for the creation of manned moon descent modules remain at the level of theory.”
It’s discussions like this that remind us we need to listen more to scientists and less to NBA stars.
DeepMind is on the forefront of artificial intelligence (A.I.). The computer system it developed, known as AlphaZero, amazed (and terrified) the world in 2017 when it was able to defeat human chess masters at their own game, despite only learning it four hours previous to the matches. That machine has been tested numerous times by even more chess grandmasters, and now people are seeing it do something not yet seen within machines – it is improvising.
Not only was AlphaZero a master at chess, it has also taught itself games such as shogi, commonly called Japanese chess, and Go. In each attempt, AlphaZero was able to beat the previous world champions of the games, who were all human. On DeepMind’s website, developers say they are “thrilled” to see the program developing improvisation and intuition skills, which are not previously known to be in machines.
In a paper published in Science Magazine, it is stated the machine’s ability to master the complicated game of Go and defeat the world champion showed it had use of “deep convolutional neural networks” because it developed a massive knowledge of the game simply by playing it repeatedly to the point the writers of the paper said it has “superhuman performance” in the game.
Computers have been beating humans at chess since 1997, but the addition of shogi, which is far more complicated than chess, and Go, which relies on practice and intuition, shows AlphaZero is able to not only defeat humans at their own games, but ultimately learn how to do it in better and more efficient ways.
When pitted against another chess computer, Stockfish, AlphaZero won 155 of 1,000 matches, with six losses and the rest being draws. Unlike most chess-playing A.I.’s, however, AlphaZero does not prefer to save its pieces, instead opting to sacrifice them for the greater good.
This ability comes from what developers describe as a “neural network with millions of different tunable parameters, each learning its own rules of what is good in chess.” With all of these variables, the machine, much like a human, can look at a situation and know what the best thing to do is.
AlphaZero began with a blank slate mind, developing strategies and tactics based only on the basic rules of the games it plays. It developed its human-like ability to play games based on its experiences.
While many prominent thinkers such as Elon Musk have warned against A.I., citing the possibility such mechanical minds could ultimately lead to human extinction, DeepMind researchers believe studying the way this machine learns how to play games can lead to real issues, such as why proteins become misfolded in Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. That protein folding conundrum is ultimately the goal of A.I.’s such as AlphaZero built by DeepMind.
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Did Supernovae Kill Off Megalodon and Other Large Ocean Animals at Dawn of Pleistocene?
Did Supernovae Kill Off Megalodon and Other Large Ocean Animals at Dawn of Pleistocene?
About 2.6 million years ago, an oddly bright light arrived in the prehistoric sky and lingered there for weeks or months. It was a supernova some 150 light years away from Earth. Within a few hundred years, long after the strange light in the sky had dwindled, a tsunami of cosmic energy from that same shattering star explosion could have reached our planet and pummeled the atmosphere, touching off climate change and triggering mass extinctions of large ocean animals, including a shark species that was the size of a school bus.
“I’ve been doing research like this for about 15 years, and always in the past it’s been based on what we know generally about the universe — that these supernovae should have affected Earth at some time or another,” said lead author Adrian Melott, professor emeritus of physics & astronomy at the University of Kansas. “This time, it’s different. We have evidence of nearby events at a specific time. We know about how far away they were, so we can actually compute how that would have affected the Earth and compare it to what we know about what happened at that time — it’s much more specific.”
Muons showering Earth may have spelled curtains for Megalodon, a school-bus-sized shark, 2.6 million years ago.
Credit: Wikimedia Commons.
“As far back as the mid-1990s, people said, ‘Hey, look for iron-60. It’s a telltale because there’s no other way for it to get to Earth but from a supernova.’ Because iron-60 is radioactive, if it was formed with the Earth it would be long gone by now. So, it had to have been rained down on us. There’s some debate about whether there was only one supernova really nearby or a whole chain of them. I kind of favor a combo of the two — a big chain with one that was unusually powerful and close. If you look at iron-60 residue, there’s a huge spike 2.6 million years ago, but there’s excess scattered clear back 10 million years.”
Melott’s co-authors were Franciole Marinho of Universidade Federal de São Carlos in Brazil and Laura Paulucci of Universidade Federal do ABC, also in Brazil.
According to the team, other evidence for a series of supernovae is found in the very architecture of the local universe.
“We have the Local Bubble in the interstellar medium,” Melott said. “We’re right on its edge. It’s a giant region about 300 light years long. It’s basically very hot, very low-density gas — nearly all the gas clouds have been swept out of it. The best way to manufacture a bubble like that is a whole bunch of supernovae blows it bigger and bigger, and that seems to fit well with idea of a chain. When we do calculations, they’re based on the idea that one supernova that goes off, and its energy sweeps by Earth, and it’s over. But with the Local Bubble, the cosmic rays kind of bounce off the sides, and the cosmic-ray bath would last 10,000 to 100,000 years. This way, you could imagine a whole series of these things feeding more and more cosmic rays into the Local Bubble and giving us cosmic rays for millions of years.”
Whether or not there was one supernova or a series of them, the supernova energy that spread layers of iron-60 all over the world also caused penetrating particles called muons to shower Earth, causing cancers and mutations — especially to larger animals.
“The best description of a muon would be a very heavy electron — but a muon is a couple hundred times more massive than an electron,” Melott said. “They’re very penetrating. Even normally, there are lots of them passing through us. Nearly all of them pass through harmlessly, yet about one-fifth of our radiation dose comes by muons. But when this wave of cosmic rays hits, multiply those muons by a few hundred. Only a small faction of them will interact in any way, but when the number is so large and their energy so high, you get increased mutations and cancer — these would be the main biological effects. We estimated the cancer rate would go up about 50 percent for something the size of a human — and the bigger you are, the worse it is. For an elephant or a whale, the radiation dose goes way up.”
Adrian Melott
Credit: University of Kansas
A supernova 2.6 million years ago may be related to a marine megafaunal extinction at the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary where 36 percent of the genera were estimated to become extinct. The extinction was concentrated in coastal waters, where larger organisms would catch a greater radiation dose from the muons.
According to the authors of the new paper, damage from muons would extend down hundreds of yards into ocean waters, becoming less severe at greater depths: “High energy muons can reach deeper in the oceans being the more relevant agent of biological damage as depth increases,” they write.
Indeed, a famously large and fierce marine animal inhabiting shallower waters may have been doomed by the supernova radiation.“One of the extinctions that happened 2.6 million years ago was Megalodon,” Melott said. “Imagine the Great White Shark in ‘Jaws,’ which was enormous — and that’s Megalodon, but it was about the size of a school bus. They just disappeared about that time. So, we can speculate it might have something to do with the muons. Basically, the bigger the creature is the bigger the increase in radiation would have been.”
The KU researcher said the evidence of a supernova, or series of them, is “another puzzle piece” to clarify the possible reasons for the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary extinction.
“There really hasn’t been any good explanation for the marine megafaunal extinction,” Melott said. “This could be one. It’s this paradigm change — we know something happened and when it happened, so for the first time we can really dig in and look for things in a definite way. We now can get really definite about what the effects of radiation would be in a way that wasn’t possible before.”
Contacts and sources:
Brendan M. Lynch
University of Kansas
Citation: Hypothesis: Muon Radiation Dose and Marine Megafaunal Extinction at the End-Pliocene Supernova Adrian L. Melott, Franciole Marinho, Laura Paulucci.. Astrobiology, 2018; DOI: 10.1089/ast.2018.1902
RH Negative: Aliens Genetically Created Us: Overwhelming Evidence (Video)
RH Negative: Aliens Genetically Created Us: Overwhelming Evidence (Video)
If you want to rouse passionate opinions – just discuss the origin of the human race. Fervent believers argue the literal, biblical perspective… that we were created in an instant by a Creator … while scientists claim we are the result of pure evolution – and there are many theories inside that. As it turns out, more and more evidence is showing the likelihood that both theories actually hold some truth, …that the human race is, by all means, an evolving species, but also, that there are a multitude of reasons to believe that a more intelligent life form played a role in developing our DNA.
As we unravel more mysteries from our past, more and more physicists, historians, geneticists, and anthropologists are pushing the boundaries of accepted theories by mentioning the “A” word – yes – the dreaded “alien” – and the overwhelming evidence that something played a role in our evolution. So if you’re among those people still laughing off this possibility – because you’ve never seen one – we’d like to bring you up to speed with some of the remarkable discoveries being discussed in the scientific community, ones that prove our genetic makeup has to be more than just a random hand of cards.
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Curiosity Rover Has a Huge Following on Mars
Curiosity Rover Has a Huge Following on Mars
NASA – Masters Of Deception
In this video, I will show you how NASA is able to cover up life on Mars and make it all look like natural landscape, by adding the fake yellowish color tint and fake sand.
When they add this effect, it makes everything blend in as part of the environment, so that nothing out of the ordinary stands out.
To me it seems like there is a massive amount of live beings gathered around close to where the Rover is, looking at this image closely, what i’m seeing is beings of various sizes and maybe some kind of alien plant life?
Let me know what your thoughts are on this Mars Anomaly in the comment section below!
Thanks for Watching! - Like & Share & Subscribe if you Like this video! If you dislike, please comment suggestions for improvement
Throughout 2017 and 2018 a series of mysterious animal attacks have left many rural Indian shepherds and farmers rattled. Whole flocks of sheep have been left eviscerated with onlytheir livers missingor their blood seeminglysucked right outof their woolly little bodies. Things then took a turn for the worse and the weird earlier this year when the culprit – whatever it is – was reported toattack a dozen villagersin eastern India in their sleep.
Some of the creature’s unfortunate victims.
The attacks continued late into 2018 with the vicious slaughterof over 40 ducks in late November. Despite the frequency of the attacks and the fact that over 150 animals were slaughtered, the identity of the creature behind the killings remained unknown. In response to these unexplained livestock mutilations, the State Government of Manipur launched an investigation earlier this year, calling in scientists from the Wildlife Institute of India were to install remote cameras and gather evidence in an attempt to identify whatever may be behind these recent attacks. According to local news reports, those scientists have finally identified what was behind the killings: dogs. Wait, dogs? Plain old dogs ate the livers of whole flocks of sheep and drained the blood from pigs?
“I need the iron for my anemia.”
Manipur Forest and Environment Minister Thounaojam Shyamkumar told reporters this week that the “Wildlife Institute of India (WII), who have been conducting the probe on the string of attacks on livestock have collected enough evidence to conclude that the attacks were carried out by stray dogs. We will take all possible measures to control this menace. These dogs prowling in the streets and villages could turn to man if they get infected with rabies.”
Scientists concluded that “poor and unhygienic husbandry practice and open garbage” contributed to the dogs’ attacks. While I don’t doubt that packs of feral dogs pose problems in rural places where livestock are commonplace, I’m dubious of any explanations presented without evidence. Where are the photographs of these dogs? Casts of their footprints? Not even a single liver-filled scat sample?
Dog works in mysterious ways.
While I’m sure this explanation is sure to calm the nerves of some of the shepherds affected by the string of attacks, it seems too tidy. Until I see a sad, mangy mutt caked in blood and sheep liver in a wire crate at a press conference, I’m still going with an Indian cousin of the chupacabra.
Black Triangle moving at low altitude in Cape May, New Jersey
Black Triangle moving at low altitude in Cape May, New Jersey
This sighting is from August 2016 but submitted to Mufon on December 5, 2018. The footage is interesting because it clearly shows a TR-3B moving at low altitude over Cape May, New Jersey.
The witness said: My adult daughter was jogging on the beach and noticed some weird things going on with regard to that storm, and phoned me. my wife and i stepped out on the balcony of our vacation rental unit and checked out the night sky and caught on my cell phone video camera something that appeared to be 3 lights in a triangular formation, with a single flying light not far behind it
I found some interesting structures in this Mars surface photo. Most of the big structures were deliberately blurred out, however there were still a few that were clearly visible. These structures are not new, but very old...ancient ruins. The photo is a planned route of the Mars Curiosity rover and the route takes it through two areas that are littered with structures. Its no wonder why NASA says the rover has not responded to NASA signals or has problems...its because the rover is on a black opps mission to explore some of these ancient ruins and get some photos of the tech and ruins...close ups that the public will never see, until today.
For the first time in history, scientists have detected the first interstellar object ever observed.
In October 2017, an elongated interstellar object named "Oumuamua" — the first to enter the solar system — was detected by a survey telescope in Hawaii.A new study published this week in the Astronomical Journal, coauthored by scientists at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, uncovered new information that suggested there was a limit to how big Oumuamua actually is, and gave astronomers a better indication of its size.
Scientists have been looking for signs of extraterrestrial life for decades. So does the appearance of Oumuamua mean the elusive "E.T" has finally been detected? Perhaps: Experts say it is exceedingly unlikely, but the possibility can't be ruled out just yet.
"I personally think the odds are much better that is something natural, but I don't want to dismiss the possibility that it could be from an alien civilization. But we have to have an open mind," Michael Wall, a writer at Space.com and a biologist, told CNBC recently.
Scientists believe Oumuamua is shaped like a cigar, approximately 400 feet long and 40 feet wide. However, they are only able to guess based on its changing brightness as it spins.
But scientists' biggest unanswered question is the object's thickness. As far as the scientific community is aware, there is no naturally occurring object that is as big as Oumuamua that appears so thin at the same time, increasing the likelihood that it was created by another life form.
Given the speed the object is moving, experts believe that it may be a light sail — an object that is thin enough to be pushed by the sun or another star, almost like a plastic bag in the wind, according to Matija Cuk, a research scientist at the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute.
Seth Shostak, a SETI research fellow, told CNBC that for that to be true, Oumuamua would have to be about a millimeter thick—about as thick as 5-10 sheets of paper stacked together.
According to Wall, scientists originally hypothesized that Oumuamua was a comet or an asteroid. However, both theories were ruled out: Unlike comets studied here on earth, this object does not have a tail, nor jets of gas that a comet would normally emit.
If Oumuamua is not a comet or an asteroid, chances of it being a light sail increase. According to SETI's Cuk, it is possible that outside our solar system, composition of space objects are different.
"Maybe in other solar systems comets could be made differently," Cuk said. That suggests the object could be naturally occurring, despite the fact that nothing like it has ever been seen anywhere near earth before.
Shostak said there are likely many objects similar to Oumuamua in the depths of space. This time, the object "hit the bullseye" by reaching the earth's solar system.
"This implies a number of these things are drifting through the cosmos, as ubiquitous as fire hydrants," Shostak said.
These objects have also likely reached our solar system in the past and gone unnoticed. Scientists are building another telescope similar to the one in Hawaii that detected Oumuamua. Once it is completed in Chile, it will be used to search for similar objects.
"Unless a miracle has occurred, these are entering our solar system all the time. This is just the first one we've found," Shostak said. He acknowledged the alien hypothesis was plausible, adding that Oumuamua acted more like a rock than a spaceship.
"If they really wanted to target our solar system, they'd hang around longer and probably come closer to the earth," he said.
Scientists also would have been able to detect any sort of signal the object had if it were as advanced as a cell phone, Shostak said. That does not prove anything, but decreases the likelihood that it was deliberately sent.
Oumuamua is now drifting further away from our solar system. The longer the distance, the harder it will be for earthlings to study it. Yet as technology increases, scientists may discover more objects similar to Oumuamua, perhaps in the next three to ten years.
"If we don't keep finding them, this will be increasingly peculiar," Shostak said.
Correction: Oumuamua was first discovered in October 2017.
Early in its mission, the Opportunity rover spotted round, iron-rich concretions nicknamed "blueberries," which constituted one of several different types of evidence suggesting that Mars used to be wet. This (false-color) photo captures an area just 1.2 inches (3 centimeters) across.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Cornell/USGS
It was just a few months after NASA's Opportunity rover touched down on Mars in 2004 that it spotted a geological curiosity: tiny, iron-rich spheres scattered across the rock surface near the robot's landing site. Snack-loving scientists working with the mission dubbed these objects "blueberries," but the features were easier to name than to understand. Their recipe remains something of a puzzle.
Trying to sort out the origins of these blueberries has always involved studying similar-looking spherical formations here on Earth. New research takes its inspiration from these terrestrial analogs to offer a new idea of the chemistry that may have gone into whipping up these Martian blueberries. In turn, this research helps reveal what ancient Mars may have looked like.
The blueberries are tantalizing for more than just their whimsical name; they also constituted some of the earliest evidence we had that Mars was once incredibly wet. "No matter what the exact chemistry of these spherules was to start, the fact that they're there tells us [that] a lot of liquid water moved through these rocks over time," Briony Horgan, a planetary scientist at Purdue University in Indiana, told Space.com. [10 Amazing Mars Discoveries by Rovers Spirit & Opportunity]
And if scientists can parse out precisely how the blueberries formed, that may help us understand what Mars was like back when the features formed — and what sort of life could have theoretically thrived in those circumstances, Horgan said.
So, the team behind the new research traveled to two different terrestrial destinations in search of rock formations that resemble Martian blueberries: Utah and Mongolia. These formations aren't identical to those on Mars, which are about a tenth the size of the Earthly equivalents. Our planet's formations are also less orderly than the Martian versions. "They're all blobbed together. They're different sizes," Horgan said of the terrestrial features.
But it's much easier to get to Utah and Mongolia than to Mars, so scientists use these features despite the imperfect comparison. The researchers found that the formations seemed to have been built around cores of a mineral called calcite, with iron-rich material in only the outer shell. "That moment [of discovery], it was very exciting," geochemist co-authors Hidekazu Yoshida of Nagoya University and Hitoshi Hasegawa of Kochi University in Japan, wrote in an email to Space.com.
Based on those observations in the field and chemical modeling, the scientists suggested that floods of iron-rich, gently acidic water washed over the original calcite structures. Unlike the terrestrial versions, Martian blueberries seem to be made of hematite all the way through, no longer sporting any calcite heart. But that could point to a long period of overwash that ate through all the calcite, the researchers said.
The nagging details of chemical reactions that may or may not have taken place on early Mars have larger implications. First, these details are relevant to scientists' natural interest in all that water that flowed through rocks to form the blueberries. "The chemistry of water tells us about the habitability of the environment," Horgan said.
The second potential implication would relate to another long-standing debate about Mars — what happened to its once-thick atmosphere. The authors in the new study argued that this atmosphere could have gone into the carbonate ions locked in calcite precursors to the blueberries.
But that wouldn't solve the atmospheric mystery, Steve Ruff, a planetary geologist at Arizona State University who works on the Opportunity mission, told Space.com. "My sense of what we know about the area of the hematite that we can map from orbit is it's not a huge area," covering less than 1 percent of Mars' surface, he said. There just aren't enough blueberries to pack away very much atmosphere. [Latest Mars Rover Photos from Opportunity & Spirit]
He said he also worries that Earth's formations aren't similar enough to those on Mars for scientists to learn about the blueberries. But Ruff didn't dismiss the new paper. "I'm intrigued by this idea," he said. "The formation of these little concretions on Earth and certainly on Mars has always been a bit of a mystery, and there's multiple ideas about how you form these things."
The Martian blueberries are small enough that in order to truly solve their mystery, scientists will need more-sophisticated tools than are currently on the Red Planet. NASA's next rover, the Mars 2020 rover, will carry instruments with high enough resolution that they could tackle these questions. But that rover is slated to visit a place called Jezero Crater, far away from the plain where Opportunity spotted the blueberries.
"Going back to places on Mars with NASA is not something people want to do. They want to go to new places," Ruff said. Nevertheless, he said he isn't giving up hope that the new rover could solve the blueberry mystery. "Maybe we'll get lucky and see something like this with the 2020 rover."
Whatever the nuances of blueberry chemistry turn out to be, the new paper is a reminder of the vast time scales — and the potential complexity such time scales entail — involved in Martian geology, Horgan said. "Time can play a really important role in the minerals that we see," Horgan said. "We should be careful. There could have been multiple things that happened to these rocks."
The research is described in a paper published today (Dec. 5) in the journal Science Advances.
Alien contacts: will it be an invasion or just a courtesy visit?
Alien contacts: will it be an invasion or just a courtesy visit?
Written by Gianni Rizzo
So far, science has ignored any hypothesis of contact with alien civilizations, but the number of those who claim to have seen a UFO or of being in direct contact with extraterrestrials shows no decline.
This despite being long past the clamor of the nineties when the world was in the grip of an “x-file mania” which may have induced suggestive phenomena capable of distorting statistics.
ALIEN CONTACTS, TWO OPPOSITE HYPOTHESES
That said, any large-scale contact with alien beings continues to be imagined as two diametrically opposite situations: a courtesy visit or a real invasion.
On the one hand it has been repeatedly noted that UFOs appear more often in some critical moments or natural disasters, such as volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. So some researchers believe that the aliens have helped us fight the whims of nature and overcome the most difficult moments throughout our history.
ALIENS WOULD TRY TO IMPROVE HUMANITY
Some historians, fascinated by the UFO theme, have suggested that the ultimate goal of aliens is to bring goodness, harmony and peace to planet Earth as human nature is imperfect. We lie to one another, we kill, we pollute the environment, we break down the forests, we run out of natural resources, while the aliens, as representatives of a much more developed race, would like to help us, as if we were their younger brothers. They would induce us, kindly, to improve, to love each other more.
A large-scale alien contact in such a scenario would not be an invasion, but simply a visit by friends we do not know, but who know us very well. The opinion is shared by those ufologists who believe that the aliens, no matter if Nordic aliens, Grey aliens or Reptilian aliens, have been visiting the planet Earth for some time having been observed by the ancient Maya as well as by ancient Egyptians.
NOT EVERYONE AGREES WITH A BENEVOLENT HYPOTHESIS
If they wanted to, it's logical deduction, the aliens could have conquered the Earth a long time ago. However, not all scientists share this rosy point of view and some like Stephen Hawking suggested to be cautious.
After all, every year thousands of people seem to disappear without leaving a trace all over the world and the few who return speak of barbarous experiments to which victims of alien abductions would have been subjected. Abductions whose numbers would be growing, exceeding those that have occurred in the last 20 years before or even before.
THE NUMBER OF ALIEN ABDUCTIONS IS GROWING
All this would happen secretly, so most of humanity knows nothing about such abductions or does not believe that they really happened. Meanwhile, the aliens, given their level of technology and the apparent ability to exercise mental control over people, could easily manage the whole thing openly, without paying attention to what's happening.
The spread of panic among the terrestrials would depend only on them, but in the end the aliens would rather act in secret, hiding among us. Why? Perhaps because in the universe there are forces, extraterrestrial civilizations, that oppose this way of proceeding and have not yet lost the hope of putting the terrestrials on the right path.
However, if it is true that the number of abductions is growing more and more, ours “supporters” would be getting tired, or maybe they would lose their confidence in our desire to improve. Also for this reason the last alien contacts would have had as their aim more and more unscrupulous experiments, perhaps even genetic ones.
THE ROBERT DEAN REVELATIONS
According to some stories of these years, human women would be fertilized on board UFO and then give birth to children who would soon be kidnapped by the aliens, Nordic, Gray or Reptilian who are. These children could play a special role during a possible future alien invasion.
They seem only speculations, yet according to the former US Army officer Robert Orel Dean (dead October 11, 2018), there would exist a top secret document to which Dean had access and with which almost all the leaders of the world powers are familiar, which would demonstrate the veracity of these “hypotheses”.
EARTH LEADERS HAVE KNOWN THE TRUTH SINCE THE 1960S
According to this document, planet Earth has long been the object of intense and massive observation by various alien civilizations, equipped with technologies more advanced than our thousands of years. The sequence of observations and the fact that they are conducted for many centuries would demonstrate the existence of a specific plan or program.
The military intelligence services would have signaled the absence of an immediate threat from alien civilizations. However, some facts indicate a potential for intervention in the affairs of the main world governments.
Copies of the document, Dean said, were sent to all the heads of NATO member states in the mid-1960s and since then the secret would be kept waiting to see if one day the aliens were to visit us in droves, amicably or not.
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11-12-2018
Muldashev: four civilizations on Earth before man
Muldashev: four civilizations on Earth before man
Written by Gianni Rizzo
A well-known Russian expert, Ernst Rifgatovich Muldashev, ophthalmic surgeon by profession and researcher by passion, has long been looking for traces of ancient civilizations disappeared before the rise of mankind on Earth.
Muldshev, who in 2002 published three volumes of “In Search of Cities of the Gods”, followed by numerous other volumes (among which “Where do we come from” e “Between the arms of Dracula”), believes that the existence of more ancient civilizations of man is confirmed by archaeological finds, rock carvings, references to airplanes and Ufos in stories and legends. According to the expert, the civilizations that inhabited the planet would have been four.
1.ASURAS, THE NATIVES
The Asuras, or the natives, according to Muldashev were the first race appeared on Earth 10 million years ago. They were incredibly tall beings, up to 50 meters, they had an etheric body, they lived for up to ten thousand years and used telepathy to communicate with each other. In reality they were not natives of the Earth: they moved there after the death of the Phaethon planet.
2. ATLANTEANS, THOSE BORN AFTER
As the millennia passed, the Asuras changed, their bodies became denser. Thus a new race would develop, the Atlanteans, i.e. “those born after”. They were slightly smaller than the Asuras, they still did not have bones, but they had a third eye, located between the eyebrows.
3.LEMURIANS, THE BUILDERS OF THE SPHINX
After the Atlanteans, appeared on Earth the Lemurians. Much more similar to modern humans, they possessed a bone skeleton and were differentiated according to sex. The third eye was still present, but not as well developed as the Atlanteans.
Lemurians were about 7-8 meters tall and lived about a thousand years. According to Muldashev, they were the ones who built the Sphinx, Stonehenge and many other wonderful monuments of antiquity.
4. BOREI, THE MOST SIMILAR TO MAN
Lastly the Borei would have appeared: this race was formed long after the other, its members were much lower, did not exceed 3-4 meters in height, their third eye was more hidden while the other organs were very similar to those of man. What happened to all these beings?
According to Muldashev, about 25-30 thousand years ago on our planet occurred a nuclear catastrophe following a conflict between Lemurians and Borei. Some of the Lemurians took refuge in the caves, where they fell into a hibernating state, the other side flew away on space ships.
5. ARYANS, AFTER THE FALL OF ATLANTIS
After the Lemurians left the scene, the Boers and the Atlanteans reached unprecedented development peaks, but they could not avoid the disappearance of their civilizations that would have happened about 12 thousand years ago.
According to Muldashev a fifth race would have developed just before the disappearance of Atlantis, whose myth survived so far: the "aryan" race. The ancestors of modern man did not have a third eye and that's why our society would be developing more slowly.
Will it be true, or as official science says it's just about fantastic theories without any concrete proof? The experts have spoken, but this does not interest the readers of Muldashev.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 73 jaar jong.
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