Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 13 YEARS AND 2 MONTH.
ON 06/08/2024 MORE THAN 2.161.100
VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
What’s the first thing that comes to mind when someone says Neptune? Mercury? Pluto? Nothing exciting. Saturn? RINGS! Everyone knows about the rings. It’s the first planet anyone who gets a telescope for Christmas looks for. It’s the planet that’s hardest to make for a school project, but no one complains because those rings are so darned cool! Bad news, ring fans. NASA just announced that the planet is suffering from something called “ring rain” which is causing the rings to disappear and Saturn will soon be just another Uranus without the funny name jokes.
“We estimate that this ‘ring rain’ drains an amount of water products that could fill an Olympic-sized swimming pool from Saturn’s rings in half an hour.”
James O’Donoghue, NASA researcher and lead author of a new study published in Icarus, puts the ring rain in terms anyone who has been in a swimming pool or collected rainwater in a can can understand. The ring rain was first detected by the Voyager I and II fly-bys. The Cassini probe, which crashed through Saturn’s rings in a blaze of mission-ending glory last year, found that Saturn’s rings, which surprisingly are made of water ice chunks ranging from microscopic to yards in diameter, are actually dropping onto to the planet’s surface in massive hail-like downpours.
“From this alone, the entire ring system will be gone in 300 million years, but add to this the Cassini-spacecraft measured ring-material detected falling into Saturn’s equator, and the rings have less than 100 million years to live.”
While 100 million years seems like a long time, NASA says it’s a blink of an eye in planetary terms. Saturn is estimated to be 4 billion years old and the current condition of the rings suggests they’re in the second half of their lifespan. That means there was most likely a time when Saturn had no rings at all. What’s more, it implies that other planets may have also had rings at one point.
“However, if rings are temporary, perhaps we just missed out on seeing giant ring systems of Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune, which have only thin ringlets today!”
Rings around Uranus! (We’ll pause while you insert your favorite joke here.) Thomas Cravens, University of Kansas professor of physics and astronomy and co-author of a second study on rain rings, waxes sentimental on the fact that we should be grateful we’re alive at a time we can enjoy Saturn’s rings … while they last.
“If it’s not being replenished, the rings aren’t going to last — you’ve got a hole in your bucket. Jupiter probably had a ring that evolved into the current wispy ring, and it could be for similar reasons. Rings do come and go. At some point they gradually drain away unless somehow they’re getting new material.”
Is anything replenishing Saturn’s rings? It doesn’t appear that way, and the wispy rings around Jupiter, Neptune and (here it comes again) Uranus show what future astronomers and explorers can expect to see. However, there’s one ray of hope … if Saturn acquired those rings later in life, perhaps Earth can too.
If there’s life on Uranus, they should start writing their revenge jokes now.
We keep finding things that remind us our view of history has a lot of holes in it. We seem to be findinglost cities, hidden temples, and the remains of civilizations that completely re-frame how we think of them at an ever increasing rate. Recently, the megalithic site Gunung Panang in West Java, Indonesia was confirmed to be an enormous “pyramid” structure possibly as old as 28,000 years.
According to Live Science, The finding was presented at the annual meeting of the American Geophysical Union on December 12. Gunung Padang has been on archaeologists radar for a long time, and embroiled in controversy. A hilltop archaeological site first discovered by archaeologists in the 19th century in West Java, Indonesia, Gunung Padang was long thought to hold more secrets than the assortment of stone columns visible at the top of the site. A imaging and excavation effort that begun in 2014 has now proved that it’s not a hilltop site at all, but in fact the entire hill is an artificial structure, which scientists believe to be a ancient temple. The structure is over 150,000 square meters big, and the the layers of construction date from 3,000 to over 9,000 years ago, with the deepest layer of construction possibly as old as 28,000 years.
According to Andang Bachtiar, an independent geologists who supervised core drilling and soil analysis:
“What is previously seen as just surface building, it’s going down — and it’s a huge structure”
Gunung Padang
Scientists began to suspect something was off about the site when they saw that the standing stones on the hill didn’t match some of the exposed features of the previous archaeological site. They also noticed that the hill stood out from the rest of the topography on Mount Padang. Lead researcher Danny Hilman Natawidjaja explained:
“It’s not like the surrounding topography, which is very much eroded. This looks very young. It looked artificial to us.”
Site at the top of Gunung Padang. Credit : Mohammad Fadli CC BY-SA 3.0
Using ground-penetrating radar, X-ray tomography, core samples, and excavation, researchers began to put together what this huge pyramid looks like. Unlike the symmetrical Mayan pyramids, this is an elongated structure rounded in a half-circle in on the front. Different layers make up the pyramid, representing different periods of construction across the millennia. The first layer consists of basalt terraces, walls and paths. Ten feet below the surface is a second layer of stone columns thought to be 7,500 to 8,300 years old. Below that, a third layer stretches 49 feet below the surface and could be anywhere from 9,000 to 28,000 years old. Researchers also detected multiple underground chambers but those have yet to be excavated or imaged.
The site is still in use as a place of prayer and meditation serving the local people, and researchers think that this may have been its function since it was first built thousands of years ago. Yet, it will be some time before the temple, or whatever it is, will be fully unearthed and researchers know its true purpose or scope.
For centuries, Scottish folklore and legend have both been filled with tales of a wild and deadly beastknown as the Kelpie. The terrible beast, which has the ability to transform itself into numerous forms – even that of people – was greatly feared throughout the 1600s and 1700s, when reports of the Kelpie were at their height. As for its curious name,“Kelpie” is an ancient Scottish term meaning “water-horse.” There is a very good reason as to why that particular name was applied to the beast, as will soon become very clear. As its name strongly suggests, the water-horse spent much of its time lurking in the waters of Scottish lochs – specifically in the shallower, marshy areas of such locales. It would coldly and callously wait for an unwary passer-by to appear on the scene and then strike, mercilessly and without any hint of a warning. The beast’s mode of attack was, admittedly, ingenious, even if the end result for the victim was not a good one. In fact, it was almost always downright fatal.
Very much creatures of the night, Kelpies were said to dwell in the waters of literally dozens of Scottish lochs. As creature-seeker Roland Watson demonstrated in his book The Water Horses of Loch Ness, however, the vast majority of reports of such beasts emanate from none other than Loch Ness. We may never know, for sure, the real form of the Kelpie; only the guise that led to the creation of its name. But, what we can say for certain is that the small number of witnesses who encountered the beast, and who lived to tell the tale, described it as a large black or white horse. In most cases, the victim was a late-night traveler, walking along an old, well-known pathway near the water’s edge of the relevant loch. Suddenly, the huge horse would rise out of the water, dripping wet, and make its way to the shore, with its coat shining under the light of the Moon.
Under such strange circumstances, many might be inclined to make a run for it immediately. There is, however, a very strange aspect to many of the Kelpie stories. Namely, that the people who crossed its path felt as if their free will had been taken from them and that they were deliberately prevented from fleeing the scene. Today, we might justifiably suggest that the beast had the power to control the minds of those in its deadly sights. Perhaps, even by a form of supernatural hypnosis. Those fortunate enough to escape the icy clutches of the Kelpie described how they felt driven to climb on the back of the horse and grab its reins. Despite having a sense of dread and a fear of doing so, that’s exactly what so many did – and, in the process, failed to survive and tell their tale. It was at that point that the Kelpie made its move – an incredibly fast move.
With the entranced person now atop the monster, it would suddenly launch itself into the deep and cold waters of the loch, with the poor soul unable to let go of the reins. Death by drowning was all but inevitable, aside from that very lucky, aforementioned body of people who were fortunate enough to have survived and who related their stories – hence why we know of the creature and its terrible modus operandi. As for the reason behind these deadly attacks, it was said that the creatures sought one thing more than any other: the human soul.
Although the Kelpie was very much a monster of centuries long gone, there is a thought-provoking case which suggests a Kelpie may have been on the loose in England in the mid-1970s. In the summer of 1976, an encounter with the much-feared and legendary “Man-Monkey”of Bridge 39 on the Shropshire Union Canal occurred; a supernatural creature first reported in January 1879. It was a strange, spectral, ape-like beast. The 1976 witness was a man named Paul Bell, a keen fisherman and someone who, in July and August 1976, spent several Saturdays out at the canal with his rods, reels, bait, his cans of beer and his favorite beef and onion sandwiches,. Bell told me that, on one particular Saturday afternoon, he was sat near the water’s edge on a small wooden stool that he always carried with him, when he was “literally frozen solid” by the sight of “what at first I thought was a big log floating down the cut, about sixty or seventy feet away.” According to Bell, however, it was no log; it was something else entirely. As it got closer, Bell was both astonished and horrified to see a large “dark brown and black-colored’ eel or snake-like creature – possibly ten feet in length or a little bit more – moving slowly in the water, with its head – that “looked like a black sheep” – flicking rapidly from side to side.
Although he had an old Polaroid camera with him, said Bell, he never even thought to take a photograph. Instead, he merely stared in both awe and shock as the animal cruised leisurely and blissfully past him, before finally vanishing out of sight. Bell stressed that the creature apparently did not see him (“or, if it did, it never attacked me”), and did not appear to exhibit any outright hostile tendencies. What elevated Bell’s story to a far stranger level was the fact that he claimed, in quite matter of fact fashion, that the following Saturday he was fishing in practically the same spot when he had a sudden, out of the blue feeling of being watched. He was not wrong. Peering across the width of the canal, Bell was both horrified and petrified to see a dark, hairy face staring intently at him out of the thick, green bushes. It was the Man-Monkey. The head of the animal was unmistakably human-like, said Bell, who added that “as soon as it saw me looking at it, up it went and ran right into the trees and I lost it.” He further explained: “That was it; a second or two was all at the most. But as it got up and ran I knew it was a big monkey. There’s nothing else it could have been.”
The chances of two strange and unidentified creatures being seen in the same location, and only a week apart, are slim to absolute zero. In fact, we can forget the “slim” angle. The chances are 100 percent zero. My conclusion? That what Paul Bell saw was nothing less than a 1970s incarnation of an ancient Kelpie. Bell was lucky to leave the site alive.
I found a giant three sided pyramid on Mars in a gigapan photo today. They pyramid has one smooth side, which is probably the original outer coating that was made for it, but the other two sides have severely eroded. I also found a lot of unique and ancient structures and placed the screenshots below.
Pyramids have been found all over the world on many continents and most of them were created at about the same time. They mystery of pyramids have lead to speculation that they were created by extra terrestrials that were trying to settle in an area and follow their cultural beliefs. Much like the religious group Quakers that prefer not to include technology or todays modern advancements into their lives.
Two UFOs Caught Over Snowy Mountains In Anchorage, Alaska, Photos, UFO Sighting News.
Two UFOs Caught Over Snowy Mountains In Anchorage, Alaska, Photos, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: 11-14-1984 but reported today
Location of sighting: Anchorage, Alaska, USA
Source: MUFON #97092
Mountain base are actually more common than other locations for alien bases due to the difficulty to reach those areas and the lack of people in the area. Low populated areas were important to creating bases thousands of years ago due to the local populations of humans often mistaking UFOs and aliens as gods and angels or even demons.
So imagine this...the base exists below anchorage, after a few years they have children born...lets say 50-150 at least. Since these beings were born on Earth, that makes them earthlings. So now we have an ethical dilemma about what these begins...this new race born on Earth should be called. Not to mention, many bases have upwards of 56 or more species sharing the base. Perhaps calling earth born beings aliens would be scientifically wrong. But without contacting them directly, it would be impossible to find out their species preferred name to be called. So...now we have earth born aliens to consider living in underground, underwater bases around the globe, some so similar to us that they can walk, work, live, shop among us without anyone thinking anything of it.
Have I ever met one before? Yes, once here in Taiwan about ten years ago when I was practicing my telepathy more frequently...everyone has it, but it takes practice and focus and calm to effectively use it. His telepathy was very strong. I asked an impossible question in my head while sitting at a museum table in a cafeteria with my family. I felt the presence of the person...and the person walked over to my table and answered the question precisely. Then we got into a conversation about where he was from...he said he lived and worked in the tech area of Silicon Valley, California. He worked for a large company we have all heard of but I will not name. Changing the world by helping humanity advance it technology. Sounds like a worthy person to know, don't you think?
Scott C. Waring
Eyewitness states:
While going through some old photos I found one I had forgot I even had. The pic was taken outside Anchorage AK near Portage Glacier about 35 years ago.
A still from NASA's Experience InSight app shows the instrument deck with the seismometer's cover still over the pressure sensor inlet; eventually that metal shield will be placed over the seismometer on the Martian surface.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
NASA's new Mars lander isn't quite ready to probe the Red Planet's interior yet, but it's starting to get the lay of the land on the surface — and in the atmosphere. The InSight lander is already deploying its powerful meteorology package to monitor the Red Planet's weather.
InSight touched down on the Martian surface Nov. 26, and since then it has been carefully analyzing its environment and setting up its sensitive suite of instruments. The mission's seismometer still sits on the lander's deck, measuring InSight's vibrations rather than the planet's, and the heat-sensing mole remains undeployed as well. But the lander's meteorology suite is already gearing up to measure the pressure, temperature and three-dimensional wind patterns on the Red Planet.
Part of that suite — the pressure sensor — played a starring role in new "sounds from Mars" recently released by the InSight team. That sensor and the seismometer both caught the vibrations of wind rushing across the instrument deck and the seismometer's protective cover. [NASA's InSight Mars Lander: The Mission in Photos]
"We're still getting our feet underneath us on this mission, but it's fun to put out some of this early stuff that keeps us excited," said Don Banfield, a co-investigator on InSight's science team and researcher at Cornell University.
"It's actually a bit surprising how much science you can extract from these instruments, even when they're in a configuration they aren't finally intended to be," he told Space.com.
When the sensors are out in their final configurations, the pressure sensor and other weather measurements will play a critical role measuring atmospheric "noise" that needs be removed from the seismometer readings. And as they do, they will provide top-notch measurements of weather patterns at the Martian surface.
"This is a pretty extreme pressure sensor compared to anything we've sent to Mars before," Banfield said.
On Earth, changing pressure heralds changing weather systems, and even though the overall pressure is much lower on Mars — about 0.75 percent Earth's pressure at sea level — the effect is similar. "Mars has seasons, just like Earth, and it has high-pressure and low-pressure systems that roll around the planet, just like Earth," he said.
Even though the pressure systems are less intense near the equator, where InSight is situated, the lander's gear is sensitive enough to eventually pick up faraway changes, Banfield said. And it's already picking up evidence of something closer to home: The dust devils and vortices that spin up as sunlight heats the ground, which also occur on Earth. Eventually, the pressure sensor should also be able to pick up something called infrasound — the low-frequency sound waves that propagate through the air due to different atmospheric phenomena, which is also how the pressure sensor captured the sounds of the planet's wind in those early-released results.
But there are more intriguing things to be measured that way, as well: "If we get lucky and a meteor enters Mars' atmosphere close to above the lander, it will probably explode and make a shockwave, and we may be able to detect that shockwave with the pressure sensor," Banfield said.
Another instrument that is already returning data is the Temperature and Wind for InSight (TWINS) tool, which extends two long booms facing in opposite directions to sense wind and temperature. Each has a little heated die surrounded by sensors, which measure the heat loss and the direction the wind pulls the heat, as well as attachments that measure the air temperature.
"They're kind of like, you lick your finger and the cold side is the windy side — it's the same sort of physics," Banfield said. "Except on Mars, it has to be a very sensitive measurement, because the air density is down by this factor of 100 or more, and so the air doesn't actually drag away that much heat from your wet finger or the probe. It has to be very carefully calibrated." [NASA's New Mars Lander Takes 1st Selfie, Scopes Out Workspace]
As those calibrations take place, TWINS is slowly gaining the capability to measure winds at all hours of the Martian day and night. At the moment, the data is only usable for part of the day. But eventually, it will be able to return readings constantly.
Continuous reporting is standard for weather stations on Earth, but this is a rare chance for such consistent data from the Martian surface.
"This may not be obvious to everybody, but because of data-volume limitations, in the past, to understand the climatology of Mars and meteorology of Mars well enough, we have usually measured 10 to 15 minutes every hour or two, and we have just turned the instruments off for the time between that," Banfield said. "That's great, if what you want to do is get an overview picture of what the meteorology's doing, but if you want to, say, understand exactly what wind speed it took to move some sand grains on the surface, or kick up some dust, you need to be measuring the winds all the time."
While Earth's weather and climate are dominated by the effects of water through humidity and clouds, Mars' are tied to the planet's dust storms reflecting sunlight and trapping radiation, Banfield said — and this precise measurement can help researchers understand the wind power needed to kick up dust, or why small dust storms grow bigger or even go global.
InSight's weather measurements can also be compared to those of the Mars Science Laboratory on the Curiosity rover, just about 350 miles (560 kilometers) away on the Martian surface, to get a more accurate picture of how high- and low-pressure systems move across the planet. They can also add depth to measurements from the Mars Climate Sounder instrument aboard NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, which directly measures weather systems but can only see down to about 5 or 10 km above the surface, missing "where most of the action is," Banfield said. InSight can provide a view of what's happening right on the ground.
When Space.com spoke to Banfield Dec. 11, the team had just gotten the first data back when the short-period seismometer and pressure sensor were on at the same time. "We were able to see the pressure signature of a dust devil and the ground-tilt signature of that same dust devil," he said. "It's working as the theory would predict, but I guess I didn't expect it to be quite so clear or dramatic — it's pretty cool."
"Nature usually surprises you one way or another — the first time we hear one of these weird infrasound sources, I'm going to be very excited," he added.
Email Sarah Lewin at slewin@space.com or follow her @SarahExplains.
There was a cluster of orb UFOs spotted nearMilwaukee, Wisconsin today 12/16/2018. These UFOs were spotted at around 6:15pm. A freak thunderstorm occurred during the same time as the UFOs were seen flying through the skies in the Milwaukee Suburbs.
What is an Orb UFO?
UFOlogists use different terms to describe UFOs. One of the more common terms is “orb” shaped UFOs. People often ask what an orb UFO is. How are they different from sphere shaped UFOs?
Orb UFOs Seem to Have No Mass
Both Orb UFOs and sphere shaped UFOs can be round or ball shaped. They can both look like balls of light at times. The main thing that separates the two types of UFOs is that orb UFOs don’t seem to have any mass. Instead of looking like a physical object that light appears to be coming from, these UFOs seem to be made out of light.
It is really hard for us humans to understand how an object can seem to exist but not exist at the same time. Don’t feel bad if you have a hard time understanding this concept. Even the smartest physicists can’t understand how advanced some alien technology is. The best explanation of how these UFOs exist is that they are probably from another dimension that we humans can’t fully see. It is possible that these aliens can move between different dimensions as easily as we can drive down the road in our cars.
The “Orb” Could be a Cloaking Device
Another possibility about what makes orb UFOs appear the way that they do is that the aliens are using some kind of cloaking device. Mind manipulation is a common way that aliens use to keep humans from seeing them. It is impossible to know if they do this with a mechanical deviceor if they just use some form of advanced alien telepathy. Either way, what looks like an orb UFO to us may in fact be something completely different. You can’t trust your eyes when dealing with aliens.
The group of orb UFOs that appeared near Milwaukee today were accompanied by a freak lightning storm. Lightning often accompanies UFO sightings. These UFOs appeared to come out of nowhere. The witness said that the UFOs didn’t seem to fly in from any direction but came out of nothing. He was sitting on his back porch relaxing when lightning started flashing and then the UFOs appeared. The UFOs flew around the sky for what he estimates was three minutes. They seemed like they changed in size. The UFOs ranged in size from small cars to multiple football fields. The UFOs would also vanish and return across the sky. They didn’t make any sound that the man could hear. After a few minutes of flying around the sky the UFOs and the sudden lighting storm disappeared instantly.
UFOs are No Joke!
People visit our website an other websites like ours often thinking that they are some kind of a joke. Aliens visiting Earth is no joke! People in power want you to believe that UFOlogy is a joke. They want you to stay in the dark. We have devoted our lives to getting to the truth of these matters. UFOlogist don’t live in big houses and drive nice cars. We spend our lives being the butt of jokes and not taken seriously. Most of us have had our own authentic alien experiences which drove us to study this field. Having an alien experience will change anyone’s life forever.
BIG BLOW South Africa’s Vredefort crater, which formed an estimated 2 billion years ago, is the largest known crater on Earth.
NASA
When it comes to impact craters, Earth is the pauper of the solar system.
Even with a recent, still-to-be-confirmed crater discovery under Greenland’s ice, there are fewer than 200 known impact craters on the planet. Mars, for comparison, has hundreds of thousands.
Produced by falling space rocks, most impact craters on Earth have been wiped away over time by wind, rain, shifting ice and the crawl of tectonic plates. Here are the 190 confirmed survivors, as recorded in the Earth Impact Database, maintained by the University of New Brunswick in Canada — plus the newcomer in Greenland.
Identifying and studying such features could give scientists clues about the history of Earth, including the evolution of life itself. Researchers have tried to link various craters to the five known mass extinctions, for example. But only the space rock that created Chicxulub, hidden under Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula and the Gulf of Mexico, is widely accepted as causing a major die-off. That space rock left a crater 150 kilometers wide and may have done in the dinosaurs and many other creatures about 66 million years ago (SN: 2/4/17, p. 16).
Popigai, in Siberia, which measures about 90 kilometers from rim to rim, might be connected to a smaller die-off of mostly marine creatures about 34 million years ago. But that’s far from settled.
Chicxulub and Popigai are the largest craters dating to the last 100 million years. But the roughly 160-kilometer-wide Vredefort crater in South Africa edges out Chicxulub as the largest known ever. Estimates put Vredefort’s origin around 2 billion years ago, making it the oldest known impact crater too.
Time tested
The circles below show the rough sizes,and ages of Earth’s 190 confirmed impact craters, as recorded in the Earth Impact Database, plus a newly discovered crater in Greenland. All crater diameters are estimates from rim to rim.
SCIENCE NEWS STAFF
It’s too early to put a precise date on the 31-kilometer-wide crater recently found in Greenland. Scientists think it probably formed from 11,700 to 2.6 million years ago, but narrowing down that estimate could be tricky. Like many of Earth’s impact craters, the Greenland crater is not exposed at the surface; it’s buried under nearly a kilometer of ice. Try drilling through that to get a good sample.
More impact craters may yet be found. A study in 2015 estimated that as many as 350 craters between 0.25 and 6 kilometers in diameter remain undiscovered on Earth (SN: 7/25/15, p. 5).
Atlas of impact
This map shows the locations of Earth’s known impact craters along with a newly discovered, but yet to be confirmed crater, in Greenland.
Hangar 18, The Story behind Extraterrestrialconnection with the Mormons
Hangar 18, The Story behind Extraterrestrial connection with the Mormons
Throughout the mission of launching the satellite, 3 astronauts get in touch with a UFO. The dish collides with him but it disappears right after an explosion. It lands south west of the United States. This is where he is grabbed and moved by the federal government to a concealed air base, the Hangar 18.”
We found that, after the crash, the UFO made the controlled landing in the Illinois desert. There the US Army grabbed it. They soon moved the actual ship to Hangar 18, Onboard, researchers make a number of surprising breakthroughs:
The actual alien fliers, although lifeless, are not bodily damaged and also have a nearly human physical appearance.
A human female is additionally on board within stasis. Once the doctors take her away, the lady wakes up terrified.
In the ship’s files, researchers find glyphs much like all those used by historic civilizations on our planet. Scientists also find extensive oxygenous surveillance pictures of Earth’s vegetation, military bases as well as cities.
Before all of this information gets the chance to submerge, federal government officials transport the remote-controlled aircraft to Hangar 18. Nevertheless, with no knowledge of the actual government’s attack squad, a number of NASA’s researchers, along with Bancroft, are in the alien craft while the suspension explodes. The actual ship happens to be invincible.
Deciphering ancient jet pilots and a brand new religion
The actual detailed description of Hangar 18 along with the aliens is fascinating. These identical facts would show up 3 years later within a “secret” statement from the Military pilot shown to the actual UFO author and reporter Linda Moulton Howe. On April 9th, 1983, during a conference at Kirtland Air Force Base in Mexico, Doty, Unique Investigations Police officer introduced Howe with a record whose cover stated:
“INFORMATIVE FILE FOR THE PRESIDENT WITHIN THE ISSUE ASSOCIATED WITH UNIDENTIFIED AIR VEHICLES”
Doty informed Howe he would see the document in the request associated with his managers. However, this individual emphasized he was unacceptable to take the actual document along with him and also to take information of any sort.
Most impressive to Howe was a passage that said the actual aliens had altered DNA into a type of developing primates to generate Homo sapiens. Howe was astonished: “We’re referring to Jesus Christ, ” he explained to Doty, who mentioned absolutely nothing in response. However who, he says, appeared deeply unpleasant.
The actual Mormon Reference to the Hangar 18
Sun Classic Photos has recognized as a company operate by Mormons. Many of the authors, producers as well as studio owners were likewise Mormons, such as Robert Starling, as well as Charles Sellier. The greatest credits for the studio were ‘The Bermuda Triangle’ as well as ‘Hangar 18’. It seems sensible that a movie studio managed by Mormons shows a desire for UFOs. Mormon cosmology retains that the Planet is not distinctive. However just one of the many lived on planets, every created by our God for the purpose of generating immortality as well as everlasting life. Mormon frontrunners have trained that the residents of these planets are nearly identical in character to people, just as the actual alien creatures in Hangar 18 are incredibly human.
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Bizarre 'Dark Fluid' with Negative Mass Could Dominate the Universe
Bizarre 'Dark Fluid' with Negative Mass Could Dominate the Universe
By Jamie Farnes, University of Oxford
Dark fluid bubbles
Credit: Mike Lewinski/Flickr, CC BY-ND
It's embarrassing, but astrophysicists are the first to admit it. Our besttheoretical modelcan only explain 5 percent of the universe. The remaining 95 percent is famously made up almost entirely of invisible, unknown material dubbeddark energy and dark matter. So even though there are a billion trillion stars in the observable universe, they are actually extremely rare.
The two mysterious dark substances can only be inferred from gravitational effects. Dark matter may be an invisible material, but it exerts a gravitational force on surrounding matter that we can measure. Dark energy is a repulsive force that makes the universe expand at an accelerating rate. The two have always been treated as separate phenomena. But my new study, published in Astronomy and Astrophysics, suggests they may both be part of the same strange concept — a single, unified "dark fluid" of negative masses.
Negative masses are a hypothetical form of matter that would have a type of negative gravity — repelling all other material around them. Unlike familiar positive mass matter, if a negative mass was pushed, it would accelerate towards you rather than away from you.
Negative masses are not a new idea in cosmology. Just like normal matter, negative mass particles would become more spread out as the universe expands — meaning that their repulsive force would become weaker over time. However, studies have shown that the force driving the accelerating expansion of the universe is relentlessly constant. This inconsistency has previously led researchers to abandon this idea. If a dark fluid exists, it should not thin out over time.
In the new study, I propose a modification to Einstein's theory of general relativity to allow negative masses to not only exist, but to be created continuously. "Matter creation" was already included in an early alternative theory to the Big Bang, known as the Steady State model. The main assumption was that (positive mass) matter was continuously created to replenish material as the universe expands. We now know from observational evidence that this is incorrect. However, that doesn't mean that negative mass matter can't be continuously created. I show that this assumed dark fluid is never spread too thinly. Instead it behaves exactly like dark energy.
I also developed a 3D computer model of this hypothetical universe to see if it could also explain the physical nature of dark matter. Dark matter was introduced to explain the fact that galaxies are spinning much faster than our models predict. This implies that some additional invisible matter must be present to prevent them from spinning themselves apart.
My model shows that the surrounding repulsive force from dark fluid can also hold a galaxy together. The gravity from the positive mass galaxy attracts negative masses from all directions, and as the negative mass fluid comes nearer to the galaxy it in turn exerts a stronger repulsive force onto the galaxy that allows it to spin at higher speeds without flying apart. It therefore appears that a simple minus sign may solve one of the longest standing problems in physics.
Is the universe really this weird?
One may argue that this sounds a little far fetched. But while negative masses are bizarre, they are considerably less strange than you may immediately think. For starters, these effects may only seem peculiar and unfamiliar to us, as we reside in a region dominated by positive mass.
Whether physically real or not, negative masses already have a theoretical role in a vast number of areas. Air bubbles in water can be modelled as having a negative mass. Recent laboratory research has also generated particles that behave exactly as they would if they had negative mass.
And physicists are already comfortable with the concept of negative energy density. According to quantum mechanics, empty space is made up of a field of fluctuating background energy that can be negative in places — giving rise to waves and virtual particles that pop into and out of existence. This can even create a tiny force that can be measured in the lab.
The new study could help solve many problems in modern physics. String theory, which is our best hope for unifying the physics of the quantum world with Einstein's theory of the cosmos, is currently seen as being incompatible with observational evidence. However, string theory does suggest that the energy in empty space must be negative, which corroborates the theoretical expectations for a negative mass dark fluid.
Moreover, the team behind the groundbreaking discovery of an accelerating universe surprisingly detected evidence for a negative mass cosmology, but took the reasonable precaution of interpreting these controversial findings as "unphysical."
The theory could also solve the problem of measuring the universe's expansion. This is explained by the Hubble-Lemaître Law, the observation that more distant galaxies are moving away at a faster rate. The relationship between the speed and the distance of a galaxy is set by the "Hubble constant," but measurements of it have continued to vary. This has led to a crisis in cosmology. Fortunately, a negative mass cosmology mathematically predicts that the Hubble "constant" should vary over time. Clearly, there is evidence that this weird and unconventional new theory deserves our scientific attention.
Where to go from here
The creator of the field of cosmology, Albert Einstein, did — along with other scientists including Stephen Hawking — consider negative masses. In fact, in 1918 Einstein even wrote that his theory of general relativity may have to be modified to include them.
Despite these efforts, a negative mass cosmology could be wrong. The theory seems to provide answers to so many currently open questions that scientists will — quite rightly — be rather suspicious. However, it is often the out-of-the-box ideas that provide answers to longstanding problems. The strong accumulating evidence has now grown to the point that we must consider this unusual possibility.
The largest telescope to ever be built — the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) — will measure the distribution of galaxies throughout the history of the universe. I'm planning to use the SKA to compare its observations to theoretical predictions for both a negative mass cosmology and the standard one — helping to ultimately prove whether negative masses exist in our reality.
The Square Kilometre Array may provide answers.
Credit: SKA Project Development Office and Swinburne Astronomy Productions, CC BY-SA
What is clear is that this new theory generates a wealth of new questions. So as with all scientific discoveries, the adventure does not end here. In fact, the quest to understand the true nature of this beautiful, unified, and — perhaps polarised — universe has only just begun.
A new video gives a bird's-eye view of the ancient lake bed that NASA's next Mars rover will scour for signs of long-dead life.
Last month, NASA officials announced that the 2020 Mars rover will touch down inside the 28-mile-wide (45 kilometers) Jezero Crater, which lies about 19 degrees north of the Red Planet's equator.
NASA is sending a helicopter to Mars.
Jezero hosted a deep lake the size of Lake Tahoe long ago, when the Red Planet was a warmer and wetter place — which explains why the six-wheeled robot is going there. [NASA's Mars Rover 2020 Mission in Pictures (Gallery)]
"An ancient lake is a fantastic place to pursue our goal of looking for possible Martian life," Mars 2020 project scientist Ken Farley, of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, said in the flyover video, which was constructed using imagery collected by Mars orbiters and released Thursday (Dec. 13).
An overhead view of Jezero Crater, the landing site for NASA's 2020 Mars rover. This image is a screengrab from a new animation created using imagery from NASA Mars orbiters.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
"On Earth, lakes are filled with living creatures. Evidence of that life is often preserved in the mud and sand deposited on the bottom of the lake," he added. "So, we'll use the rover's instruments to explore the rocks of the ancient lake bed."
The current plan calls for the car-size Mars 2020 to land near the rim of Jezero, which was blasted out by an ancient impact, Farley said. The six-wheeled robot will work its way over to a nearby delta, which preserves sediments that were delivered to the ancient lake by a river. The rover will likely then trundle over to explore the ancient lake's shoreline, navigating its way around present-day sand dunes to get there.
After that, the mission team plans to explore the rocks of Jezero's rim.
"These rocks would have been hot shortly after the impact and may have hosted hot springs," Farley said. "Deposits from these springs would be another target in our search for possible ancient life on Mars."
Mars 2020 is currently scheduled to launch in July of 2020 and touch down in February of 2021. The robot's body is based heavily on that of NASA's Curiosity rover, which has been exploring the 96-mile-wide (154 km) Gale Crater since August 2012.
Like Curiosity, Mars 2020 — which will get a more original and inspiring namebefore launch — will land with the aid of a rocket-powered sky crane. This device will lower the heavy rover onto Jezero's floor on cables, then fly off and crash-land intentionally a safe distance away.
(NASA's considerably lighter InSight Mars lander didn't need a sky crane to ace its touchdown last month; that craft's final landing sequence instead employed onboard descent engines.)
Mars 2020 will carry seven scientific instruments, including ground-penetrating radar, high-resolution cameras and several spectrometers. The rover will also tote both a mini-helicopter, which will serve as a scout, and a technology demonstration that will generate oxygen from the carbon-dioxide-dominated Martian air. This latter gear could help pave the way for human exploration of the Red Planet, NASA officials have said.
Mars 2020 will also cache samples for eventual return to Earth, though there is no mission currently on NASA's books to go grab this material.
Another life-hunting rover is also slated to launch toward the Red Planet in 2020: the ExoMars rover, which is a joint effort of Europe and Russia.
Mike Wall's book about the search for alien life, "Out There" (Grand Central Publishing, 2018; illustrated by Karl Tate), is out now.
NASA Research Reveals Saturn is Losing Its ings at “Worst-Case-Scenario” Rate
NASA Research Reveals Saturn is Losing Its Rings at “Worst-Case-Scenario” Rate
New NASA research confirms that Saturn is losing its iconic rings at the maximum rate estimated from Voyager 1 & 2 observations made decades ago. The rings are being pulled into Saturn by gravity as a dusty rain of ice particles under the influence of Saturn’s magnetic field.
This video explores how Saturn is losing its rings at a rapid rate in geologic timescales and what that reveals about the planet’s history.
Credits: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/David Ladd
“We estimate that this ‘ring rain’ drains an amount of water products that could fill an Olympic-sized swimming pool from Saturn’s rings in half an hour,” said James O’Donoghue of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. “From this alone, the entire ring system will be gone in 300 million years, but add to this the Cassini-spacecraft measured ring-material detected falling into Saturn’s equator, and the rings have less than 100 million years to live. This is relatively short, compared to Saturn’s age of over 4 billion years.” O’Donoghue is lead author of a study on Saturn’s ring rain appearing in Icarus December 17.
This image was made as the Cassini spacecraft scanned across Saturn and its rings on April 25, 2016, capturing three sets of red, green and blue images to cover this entire scene showing the planet and the main rings. The images were obtained using Cassini's wide-angle camera at a distance of approximately 1.9 million miles (3 million kilometers) from Saturn and at an elevation of about 30 degrees above the ring plane.
Scientists have long wondered if Saturn was formed with the rings or if the planet acquired them later in life. The new research favors the latter scenario, indicating that they are unlikely to be older than 100 million years, as it would take that long for the C-ring to become what it is today assuming it was once as dense as the B-ring. “We are lucky to be around to see Saturn’s ring system, which appears to be in the middle of its lifetime. However, if rings are temporary, perhaps we just missed out on seeing giant ring systems of Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune, which have only thin ringlets today!” O’Donoghue added.
Various theories have been proposed for the ring’s origin. If the planet got them later in life, the rings could have formed when small, icy moons in orbit around Saturn collided, perhaps because their orbits were perturbed by a gravitational tug from a passing asteroid or comet.
An artist's impression of how Saturn may look in the next hundred million years. The innermost rings disappear as they rain onto the planet first, very slowly followed by the outer rings.
Credits: NASA/Cassini/James O'Donoghue
The first hints that ring rain existed came from Voyager observations of seemingly unrelated phenomena: peculiar variations in Saturn’s electrically charged upper atmosphere (ionosphere), density variations in Saturn’s rings, and a trio of narrow dark bands encircling the planet at northern mid-latitudes. These dark bands appeared in images of Saturn’s hazy upper atmosphere (stratosphere) made by NASA’s Voyager 2 mission in 1981.
In 1986, Jack Connerney of NASA Goddard published a paper in Geophysical Research Letters that linked those narrow dark bands to the shape of Saturn’s enormous magnetic field, proposing that electrically charged ice particles from Saturn’s rings were flowing down invisible magnetic field lines, dumping water in Saturn’s upper atmosphere where these lines emerged from the planet. The influx of water from the rings, appearing at specific latitudes, washed away the stratospheric haze, making it appear dark in reflected light, producing the narrow dark bands captured in the Voyager images.
Saturn’s rings are mostly chunks of water ice ranging in size from microscopic dust grains to boulders several yards (meters) across. Ring particles are caught in a balancing act between the pull of Saturn’s gravity, which wants to draw them back into the planet, and their orbital velocity, which wants to fling them outward into space. Tiny particles can get electrically charged by ultraviolet light from the Sun or by plasma clouds emanating from micrometeoroid bombardment of the rings. When this happens, the particles can feel the pull of Saturn’s magnetic field, which curves inward toward the planet at Saturn’s rings. In some parts of the rings, once charged, the balance of forces on these tiny particles changes dramatically, and Saturn’s gravity pulls them in along the magnetic field lines into the upper atmosphere.
Once there, the icy ring particles vaporize and the water can react chemically with Saturn’s ionosphere. One outcome from these reactions is an increase in the lifespan of electrically charged particles called H3+ ions, which are made up of three protons and two electrons. When energized by sunlight, the H3+ ions glow in infrared light, which was observed by O’Donoghue’s team using special instruments attached to the Keck telescope in Mauna Kea, Hawaii.
Their observations revealed glowing bands in Saturn’s northern and southern hemispheres where the magnetic field lines that intersect the ring plane enter the planet. They analyzed the light to determine the amount of rain from the ring and its effects on Saturn’s ionosphere. They found that the amount of rain matches remarkably well with the astonishingly high values derived more than three decades earlier by Connerney and colleagues, with one region in the south receiving most of it.
The team also discovered a glowing band at a higher latitude in the southern hemisphere. This is where Saturn’s magnetic field intersects the orbit of Enceladus, a geologically active moon that is shooting geysers of water ice into space, indicating that some of those particles are raining onto Saturn as well. “That wasn’t a complete surprise,” said Connerney. “We identified Enceladus and the E-ring as a copious source of water as well, based on another narrow dark band in that old Voyager image.” The geysers, first observed by Cassini instruments in 2005, are thought to be coming from an ocean of liquid water beneath the frozen surface of the tiny moon. Its geologic activity and water ocean make Enceladus one of the most promising places to search for extraterrestrial life.
Saturn’s moon Enceladus drifts before the rings and the tiny moon Pandora in this view that NASA’s Cassini spacecraft captured on Nov. 1, 2009. The entire scene is backlit by the Sun, providing striking illumination for the icy particles that make up both the rings and the jets emanating from the south pole of Enceladus, which is about 314 miles (505 km) across. Pandora, which is about (52 miles, 84 kilometers) wide, was on the opposite side of the rings from Cassini and Enceladus when the image was taken. This view looks toward the night side on Pandora as well, which is lit by dim golden light reflected from Saturn.
The team would like to see how the ring rain changes with the seasons on Saturn. As the planet progresses in its 29.4-year orbit, the rings are exposed to the Sun to varying degrees. Since ultraviolet light from the Sun charges the ice grains and makes them respond to Saturn’s magnetic field, varying exposure to sunlight should change the quantity of ring rain.
The research was funded by NASA and the NASA Postdoctoral Program at NASA Goddard, administered by the Universities Space Research Association. The W.M. Keck Observatory is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and NASA, and the data in the form of its files are available from the Keck archive. The authors wish to recognize the significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Mauna Kea has within the indigenous Hawaiian community; they are fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain.
Bill Steigerwald / Nancy Jones
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
WETENSCHAP & PLANEET De planeet Saturnus staat al eeuwen bekend om zijn ringen. Maar die zijn beetje bij beetje aan het verdwijnen. Over 300 miljoen jaar zijn ze weg, en misschien al over 100 miljoen jaar. “Dat is vrij kort als je kijkt naar de leeftijd van Saturnus van ruim 4 miljard jaar”, aldus onderzoekers van de Amerikaanse ruimtevaartorganisatie NASA.
New NASA research indicates that Saturn’s iconic rings are not only younger than previously thought, but are disappearing at an extremely fast pace, compared to Saturn’s age. https://go.nasa.gov/2Ex7J5z via @NASASolarSystem
De ringen van Saturnus bestaan uit waterijs, stof en stenen. De zwaartekracht van de planeet trekt aan ze, maar tegelijk draaien ze met zo’n hoge snelheid rond dat ze er aan weten te ontkomen. Dat evenwicht wordt echter soms verstoord.
Dan valt een deel naar Saturnus, een fenomeen dat ‘ringenregen’ wordt genoemd. “We schatten dat er elk half uur een olympisch zwembad aan water uit de ringen wordt gehaald”, zeggen de onderzoekers.
De Voyager-sondes hadden rond 1980 al ontdekt dat het ijs regent bij Saturnus. De sonde Cassini heeft vorig jaar ook onderzoek gedaan tijdens zijn laatste duikvluchten, voordat hij zelf werd verzwolgen door Saturnus.
EPAConceptbeeld van de sonde Cassini bij Saturnus.
De ringen zijn volgens de onderzoekers ongeveer 100 miljoen jaar oud. Dat zou betekenen dat ze nu ongeveer halverwege hun bestaan zijn. Mogelijk zijn het de resten van uiteengevallen manen.
Saturnus is niet de enige planeet met ringen. Ook Jupiter, Uranus en Neptunus hebben een dunne band van stenen en stof om zich heen draaien.
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KOMT ER EEN ZWARE KERST-AARDBEVING? ( VIDEO )
KOMT ER EEN ZWARE KERST-AARDBEVING? ( VIDEO )
De cijfers over 2018 laten nu al zien dat dit een recordjaar gaat worden voor zowel aardbevingen als grote vuurbollen in de lucht.
En in een dergelijk jaar, met een bepaalde uitlijning van planeten in het vooruitzicht, is het geel goed mogelijk dat de aarde rond kerst zal worden getroffen door een grote aardbeving.
In een opvallend groot artikel besteedt de Telegraaf aandacht aan Frank Hoogerbeets en zijn capaciteiten om (grote) aardbevingen correct te kunnen voorspellen.
En dat doet hij, zeker de laatste tijd, met succes. De bevingen in Lombok (augustus) en Palu (september) bijvoorbeeld pasten precies in zijn verwachtingen. In het geval van zware bevingen zit hij sinds vorig jaar zelfs in ruim 80 procent van de gevallen goed. Zijn gemiddelde succespercentage ligt ruim boven de 60 procent. Iets wat internationale media opviel, maar in Nederland gebeurde er niets. „Mijn website Ditrianum en mijn video’s zijn in het Engels. En in Nederland leeft het onderwerp niet zo. We hebben hier geen zware aardbevingen”, concludeert Hoogerbeets nuchter.
De theorie achter de voorspellingen van Frank is dat planeten in een bepaalde uitlijning grote krachten op elkaar uitoefenen, waardoor wij als resultaat (zware) aardbevingen kunnen verwachten.
„In 2015 durfde ik het voor het eerst aan een waarschuwing te geven. Volgens mij zou zich tussen 22 en 27 april een kritieke periode aandienen, met kans op een zware beving. Op 25 april vond de beving in Nepal plaats. Wauw, dacht ik toen”, vertelt hij. Toch ging het in datzelfde jaar ook mis, toen hij ietwat overmoedig aan de westkust van de Verenigde Staten een zware beving voorspelde. Die video werd een hit en toen het rustig bleef, maakten de internationale media gehakt van Hoogerbeets.
Frank denkt dat de elektromagnetische krachten tussen planeten enorm worden versterkt als er een aantal op een rij staan en als daar dan ook de aarde bij zit, dan lopen wij een veel groter risico op een zware aardbeving dan normaal. Het is in feite een variant van "the electric universe" theorie, waarover wij al eerder schreven.
En nu, in de aanloop naar kerst, hebben we weer een bijzondere situatie aan de hemel:
De ogen van de internationale media die Hoogerbeets volgen, zijn echter op de dagen voor kerst gericht. Hoogerbeets vreest dan voor een grote aardschok en dat zou wel eens een lakmoesproef kunnen zijn, klinkt het. „Dan staan Mars, Mercurius en Uranus op één lijn. En Mercurius staat ook nog eens op één lijn met Maan, Jupiter en Aarde. Dat is een heel kritieke stand. Maar let wel, het is een verwachting, geen voorspelling.
Echter, de ontwikkelingen van de aardveranderingen laten zien dat er waarschijnlijk ook nog andere krachten aan het werk zijn dan alleen de uitlijning van planeten.
Toen de mainstream wereld zich kostelijk vermaakte op 21 december 2012 omdat er niets zou zijn gebeurde, was er wel degelijk sprake van iets heel bijzonders. Vanaf dat moment zijn het totaal aantal aardbevingen in een gegeven periode op aarde als een raket omhoog geschoten en blijven ze stijgen, tot op de dag van vandaag.
Zoals je in het volgend staatje kunt zien dat is bijgewerkt tot en met vorige maand november, is het jaar 2018 voor wat betreft aardbevingen opnieuw een record. Klik op het plaatje voor een grotere weergave,
Je ziet in 2013 dan ook ongeveer een verviervoudiging van het aantal bevingen en 2018 is al weer op weg naar een verdubbeling van het aantal in 2013.
Voor wat betreft vuurballen in de lucht doet zich eenzelfde verschijnsel voor; ook daar na 2012 een heel sterke groei, hoewel minder prominent dan in het geval van aardbevingen.
Naast de "normale krachten" die hun invloed op aarde uitoefenen zoals dat gebeurt tijdens bepaalde uitlijningen van hemellichamen, is er nog een andere, veel grotere kracht werkzaam.
Forget horsepower, Stonehenge was built with COW-power: Cattle that lived 8,000 years ago were used as 'animal engines' to lug around heavy objects for Neolithic people
Forget horsepower, Stonehenge was built with COW-power: Cattle that lived 8,000 years ago were used as 'animal engines' to lug around heavy objects for Neolithic people
Stonehenge's bluestones originate from Wales and ended up in Wiltshire
It has long been a mystery as to how they completed this 160 mile journey
Archaeologists have found wear patterns on the feet of bovines from 6,000 BC
This is 2,000 years before cattle was previously thought to be used as 'engines'
Stonehenge may have been built with the assistance of cows who helped carry the enormous rocks across the British Isles.
It could help explain how the fabled bluestones managed to complete the journey from Wales to Wiltshire, where Stonehenge still sits today.
Previous research has claimed the movement of glaciers deposited the huge slabs of rock 160 miles away from their original location.
New research has found evidence of cattle being used by humans to pull and carry heavy loads for 8,000 years.
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Archaeologists at University College London discovered that the bones in the feet of Neolithic cattle demonstrated distinctive wear patterns, indicative of exploitation as 'animal engines' (pictured)
Archaeologists at University College London discovered that the bones in the feet of Neolithic cattle demonstrated distinctive wear patterns, indicative of exploitation as 'animal engines'.
Neolithic cattle in the Balkans were therefore being used for our purposes two millennia earlier than previously thought.
It is believed that the use of bovines stemmed from a need to create settlements from felled wood and move it to different locations.
The use of the animals during this period of neolithic history opens up the possibility they were used to transport Stonehenge's rocks, which was erected at around 5,000 BC.
Research has revealed that cattle were being used for traction – to pull loads – from the earliest Neolithic habitation sites in the Balkans.
Stonehenge may have been built with the assistance of cows who carried the enormous rocks. It could help explain how the fabled bluestones managed to complete the journey from Wales to Wiltshire, where Stonehenge still sits today (Stock)
WHO BUILT STONEHENGE?
Stonehenge was built thousands of years before machinery was invented.
The heavy rocks weigh upwards of several tonnes each.
Some of the stones are believed to have originated from a quarry in Wales, some 140 miles (225km) away from the Wiltshire monument.
To do this would have required a high degree of ingenuity, and experts believe the ancient engineers used a pulley system over a shifting conveyor-belt of logs.
Historians now think that the ring of stones was built in several different stages, with the first completed around 5,000 years ago by Neolithic Britons who used primitive tools, possibly made from deer antlers.
Modern scientists now widely believe that Stonehenge was created by several different tribes over time.
After the Neolithic Britons - likely natives of the British Isles - started the construction, it was continued centuries later by their descendants.
Over time, the descendants developed a more communal way of life and better tools which helped in the erection of the stones.
Bones, tools and other artefacts found on the site seem to support this hypothesis.
'Traction was not an 'all-or-nothing' situation; we need instead to reconsider it as a more complex process, with animals used as engines in multiple ways,' Lead author Dr Jane Gaastra writes in the study.
'Our repeated identification of the exploitation of cattle for pulling heavy loads calls into question the current scope of the analysis and interpretation of the use of animals in prehistoric Europe.'
Experts say that if these practices can be found to have been used elsewhere it will have major ramifications on our understanding of animal use in the Neolithic.
Dr Gaastra writes: 'A firm understanding of the nature of early traction evidence in prehistoric Europe has significant implications for our knowledge of both management practices and the nature of labour and movement in prehistoric societies'
HOW WAS STONEHENGE BUILT?
Stonehenge is one of the most prominent prehistoric monuments in Britain. The Stonehenge that can be seen today is the final stage that was completed about 3,500 years ago.
According to the monument's website, Stonehenge was built in four stages:
First stage: The first version of Stonehenge was a large earthwork or Henge, comprising a ditch, bank and the Aubrey holes, all probably built around 3100 BC.
The Aubrey holes are round pits in the chalk, about one metre (3.3 feet) wide and deep, with steep sides and flat bottoms.
They form a circle about 86.6 metres (284 feet) in diameter.
Excavations revealed cremated human bones in some of the chalk filling, but the holes themselves were likely not made to be used as graves, but as part of a religious ceremony.
After this first stage, Stonehenge was abandoned and left untouched for more than 1,000 years.
Second stage: The second and most dramatic stage of Stonehenge started around 2150 years BC, when about 82 bluestones from the Preseli mountains in south-west Wales were transported to the site. It's thought that the stones, some of which weigh four tonnes each, were dragged on rollers and sledges to the waters at Milford Haven, where they were loaded onto rafts.
They were carried on water along the south coast of Wales and up the rivers Avon and Frome, before being dragged overland again near Warminster and Wiltshire.
The final stage of the journey was mainly by water, down the river Wylye to Salisbury, then the Salisbury Avon to west Amesbury.
The journey spanned nearly 240 miles, and once at the site, the stones were set up in the centre to form an incomplete double circle.
During the same period, the original entrance was widened and a pair of Heel Stones were erected. The nearer part of the Avenue, connecting Stonehenge with the River Avon, was built aligned with the midsummer sunrise.
Third stage: The third stage of Stonehenge, which took place about 2000 years BC, saw the arrival of the sarsen stones (a type of sandstone), which were larger than the bluestones.
They were likely brought from the Marlborough Downs (40 kilometres, or 25 miles, north of Stonehenge).
The largest of the sarsen stones transported to Stonehenge weighs 50 tonnes, and transportation by water would not have been possible, so it's suspected that they were transported using sledges and ropes.
Calculations have shown that it would have taken 500 men using leather ropes to pull one stone, with an extra 100 men needed to lay the rollers in front of the sledge.
These stones were arranged in an outer circle with a continuous run of lintels - horizontal supports.
Inside the circle, five trilithons - structures consisting of two upright stones and a third across the top as a lintel - were placed in a horseshoe arrangement, which can still be seen today.
Final stage: The fourth and final stage took place just after 1500 years BC, when the smaller bluestones were rearranged in the horseshoe and circle that can be seen today.
The original number of stones in the bluestone circle was probably around 60, but these have since been removed or broken up. Some remain as stumps below ground level.
The mystery of how the ancients travelled 160 miles across the British Isles from Wales to Wiltshire with the extremely heavy stones that we now know as Stonehenge may have finally been solved. Cattle were used as “animal engines” to help the Neolithic people carry around large objects. And while it is known that cattle were used as “engines”, this new information brings the dates back 2,000 years earlier than previously thought.
Earlier research indicated that the movement of glaciers brought the huge rocks to their current location, but now it seems as though it was actually cows that helped the ancients make the long journey. For approximately 8,000 years, cattle were used to carry heavy loads and this was proven by the discovery of foot bones in ancient cattle.
Archaeologists from the University College London found that the foot bones from Neolithic cattle from the Balkans showed specific wear patterns that could only come from being used as “animal engines”. The cattle were used to haul wood to help create settlements; therefore, it’s very possible that they were also used to carry Stonehenge’s large rocks – which weighed several tons each – to the location where the monument resides to this very day.
Dr. Jane Gaastra, who is the lead author in a study published in Antiquity about this discovery, said, “We have been able to provide the first conclusive evidence that farmers were using cattle for ‘traction’ almost 2,000 years earlier than the previous consensus date. There has only been one other foot sample from the Neolithic period found in Syria but this was inconclusive. The part of the Balkans where we found the bones was heavy forested in the Neolithic period, so chopping trees to create settlements would have required a lot of man power. Cattle would therefore have been a vital asset helping to transport items such as timber for housing.”
The study, which was conducted in the central and western Balkans, indicated that the earliest farmers from Europe used cattle for dairy and meat, but also as a type of power engine. And this happened two thousand years earlier than what they had initially thought.
Dr. Marc Vander Linden, who is the co-author of the study, said, “Until now it has generally been considered that traction only emerged by the 5th and 4th millennium BC, parallel to the introduction of the plough and the wheel, but our study demonstrates that this is not the case. We reveal that when the wheel and the plough became available farmers were already experienced in using cattle for traction, and this could have facilitated the spread of these innovations.”
Researchers studied twelve cattle foot bone samples that came from males and females from eleven Neolithic sites in the central and western Balkans between the years 6,000 and 4,500 BC. They also plan to conduct more studies across Europe in order to determine whether this form of traction happened only in a few Neolithic groups or if it was a popular practice across the continent.
Stonehenge is an incredible and mysterious site, and now that new information has been discovered suggesting that cows helped in the process of constructing the monument, that makes it even more fascinating.
Seriously: what is causing all of the mysterious booms heard and felt throughout the nation lately? Residents of Chicago and surrounding suburbs are wondering that this week as a series of unexplained and otherwise mysterious noises have been perplexing and worrying residents. On Tuesday, December 11, the northwest Chicago suburb of Elgin was awakened by a series of mysterious booms in the early morning hours. The noises were so loud thatwindows and walls shook, according to some homeowners. The city of Elgin is investigating the noise, but has yet to produce an explanation.
A few nights later on December 13, residents of Chicago’s Lakeview neighborhood began hearing a “mysterious hum in the air.” The sound is described by some residents as a subtle hum, while others say it sounds more high-pitched like an alarm sound or siren. The sound is made even more curious by the fact that only some residents hear it, while others are oblivious to the anomalous noise.
Another mysterious boom was reported just south of Chicago in Paxton, Illinois this week, so loud it could be heard 30 miles away. Paxton Mayor Bill Ingold says he thinks the sound was a sonic boom, while other residents think it might have been a meteorite impact. “Others think it was some kind of creaking noise,” Paxton adds.
Meanwhile, Ford County Board member Tom McQuinn described the sound as “the loudest-hitting thunderbolt I ever heard” despite there being not a single cloud in the sky. A few residents reported hearing several smaller explosion-like sounds before a much larger one. No anomalous fires or craters have been reported as in the case of other mystery booms which turned out to be the work or burgeoning bomb makers. Curiously, some residents reported seeing a green streak in the sky at the same time.
Could any or all of these sounds be connected? Are meteorite impacts getting more frequent, or could these booms be man-made? That is, as more nations test hypersonic aircraft and weapons, might there be activity overhead we don’t know about? Could some unknown phenomenon or event be behind these unexplained booms? Any guess is as good as any at this point.
Egypt’s oldest pyramid was built almost 5,000 years ago but a similar structure hidden beneath rubble could be up to four times older.
If true, the claim could rewrite prehistory and shed light on an obscure yet powerful and advanced ancient civilisation.
Geologist Dr Danny Hilman believes that a site in West Java is revered because it hides an ancient temple built between 9,000 and 20,000 years ago.
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A geologist claims that the world's oldest pyramid is hidden under rubble (pictured) in West Java, which if true, could re-write pre-history in the region and shed light on a powerful and advanced ancient civilisation
The Megalithic site of Gunung Padang was discovered in 1914 and is the largest site of its kind in Indonesia.
It is nestled among volcanoes, banana palms and tea plantations, at 2,903 ft (885 metres) above sea level some 75 miles (120km) south of Jakarta.
Chunks of volcanic rubble jut out up from the stepped hillside, which is considered sacred by the Sundanese people who live locally.
Geologist Dr Danny Hilman believes the site is culturally important is because it is an ancient pyramid which was built between 9,000 and 20,000 years ago.
He suggests that it may have been built for worship or astronomy.
The megalithic site of Gunung Padang (pictured) was discovered in 1914 and is the largest site of its kind in Indonesia. It's nestled among volcanoes banana and tea plantations, at 2,903 ft (885 metres) above sea level
Chunks of volcanic rubble stick up from the stepped hillside (pictured), which is considered sacred by the Sundanese people who live locally. Geologist Dr Danny Hilman thinks the reason the site is so revered is that it is an ancient pyramid which was built between 9,000 and 20,000 years ago
THE WORLD’S OLDEST PYRAMIDS
If the structure in West Java is revealed to be a 20,000-year-old pyramid, it will be the oldest on Earth.
In 1996, archaeologists discovered pyramids on the Atlantic coast of southern Brazil that sate to around 3,000 BC, making them a few hundred years older than Egypt's oldest pyramid.
But both civilisations built them for religious reasons.
The Brazilian pyramids are made from shells and were probably built in phases over decades or even centuries, The Independent reported.
For years, experts thought the pyramids were simply piles of domestic rubbish.
Egypt’s oldest known pyramid is the step pyramid of Djoser, which was built in around 2,700 BC.
It was built by a master builder called Imhotep for the burial of Pharaoh Djoser and is composed of six steps.
the ancient structure was rocked by a pyramid in 1992, leaving it unstable with a large hole in its domed roof, but restoration is underway.
If this is true, prehistoric people would have had to manoeuvre chunks of volcanic rock onto terraces built on the mountainside and stack them on top of each other to create a pyramid – a considerable feat of ancient engineering.
Dr Hilman, a senior geologist at Indonesia’s Centre for Geotechnical Research, says that proof of the structure’s organisation lies underground.
His excavations have been backed by the Indonesian government, which recently decreed that the upper part of Gunung Padang is 'the largest megalithic structure in south-east Asia,' The Sydney Morning Herald reported.
President Yudhoyono dubbed the dig a ‘task of history…of important value to humanity.' and it has yielded some ancient artefacts.
Dr Hilman said: ‘People think the prehistoric age was primitive, but this monument proves that wrong.’
He believes such a pyramid would be proof of an advanced ancient civilisation in Java and said that the majority of the stepped site is man-made, perhaps built by generations over a matter of centuries.
The geologist is now working to establish the authenticity of the site.
Some rocks were originally stuck together with a form of ancient glue and have been carbon dated to be around 7,000 BC.
Dr Hilman said that the ruins hide walls and rooms with steps and terraces below, which are evidence of a complex building.
Dr Hilman said: ‘People think the prehistoric age was primitive, but this monument proves that wrong.’ Some rocks were originally stuck together with a form of ancient glue and have been carbon dated to be around 7,000 BC. The site is thought to have been built for worship or astronomy
The site (marked on the map) is nestled among volcanoes, banana palms and tea plantations, at 2,903 ft (885 metres) above sea level some 75 miles (120km) south of Jakarta, and south east of Sukabumi City (marked)
The terraces are bordered by retaining walls of stone that can be accessed by 400 steps rising around 311 ft (95 metres).
The structure is covered with massive rectangular stones of volcanic origin.
It has been subjected to multiple geoelectric surveys, where ground penetrating radar and samples have been used.
From this, he believes the terraced hill is 328 ft (100 metres) thick and is made up of a number of layers.
He said that so far man-made structures have been detected 49 ft (15 metres) underground.
Experts dated rock between nine and 13 ft (three and four metres) below the surface as 6,500 years old and 12,500 years old below the surface.
However, Dr Hilman’s controversial findings are disputed and 34 Indonesian archaeologists and geologists have submitted a petition criticising the projects’ methods and motives.
They say that the excavation threatens the preservation of the site as it is and are annoyed at the prospect of involving civilian archaeologists in the excavation.
Volcanologist Sutikno Bronto believes that the structure isn’t a pyramid at all, but the neck of an old volcano and that the stones surveyed have been weathered by nature instead of being cut by humans.
Another anonymous expert is sceptical that such an ancient civilisation could have been advanced enough to build a pyramid so many thousands of years ago, when tools recovered from a nearby cave, dating to 7,000 BC were very primitive.
The terraces are bordered by retaining walls of stone (pictured) that can be accessed by 400 steps rising around 311 ft (95 metres). They date to at least 5,000 BC
A Scientist Claims The World's Oldest Pyramid Is Hidden in an Indonesian Mountain
(Danny Hilman Natawidjaja)
A Scientist Claims The World's Oldest Pyramid Is Hidden in an Indonesian Mountain
PETER DOCKRILL
When Dutch colonists became the first Europeans to discover Gunung (Mount) Padang in the early 20th century, they must have been awestruck by the sheer scale of their ancient stone surroundings.
Here, scattered across a vast hilltop in the West Java province of Indonesia, lay the remnants of a massive complex of rocky structures and monuments – an archaeological wonder since described as the largest megalithic site in all of Southeastern Asia.
But those early settlers couldn't have guessed the greatest wonder of all might lay hidden, buried deep in the ground below their feet.
(Danny Hilman Natawidjaja)
In controversial new research presented at the AGU 2018 Fall Meeting in Washington, DC last week, a team of Indonesian scientists presented data to make their case that Gunung Padang is in fact the site of the world's oldest known pyramid-like structure.
Their research, which has been conducted over the course of several years, suggests that Gunung Padang is not the hill we think it is – but is actually a layered series of ancient structures with foundations dating back some 10,000 years (or even older).
"Our studies proves that the structure does not cover just the top but also wrap around the slopes covering about 15 hectares area at least," the authors write in the abstract for their new poster.
"The structures are not only superficial but rooted into greater depth."
Using a combination of surveying methods – including ground penetration radar (GPR), seismic tomography, and archaeological excavations – the team says Gunung Padang is not just an artificial structure, but a series of several layers built over consecutive prehistoric periods.
The topmost, megalithic layer made up of rock columns, walls, paths, and spaces, sits above a second layer some 1-3 metres below the surface.
(Danny Hilman Natawidjaja)
The researchers suggest this second layer has previously been misinterpreted as natural rock formation, but is actually another arrangement of columnar rocks organised in a matrix structure.
Below this, a third layer of arranged rocks - containing large underground cavities or chambers - extends as far as 15 metres deep, and this sits upon the lowest (fourth) layer, made of 'lava tongue' basalt rock, somehow modified or carved by human hands.
According to the researchers, preliminary radiocarbon dating suggests the first layer could be up to approximately 3,500 old years old, the second layer somewhere around 8,000 years old, and the third layer in the vicinity of 9,500 to 28,000 years old.
As for the purpose of these ancient, vast structures, the researchers – led by geophysicist Danny Hilman Natawidjaja from the Indonesian Institute of Sciences – suggest the ancient pyramid could have had a religious basis.
"It's a unique temple," Natawidjaja told Live Science.
For now, that's speculation, but if the researchers' other claims about the structures turn out to be right, it's a major finding that could challenge notions of what prehistoric societies were capable of.
'It's huge,'' Natawidjaja told The Sydney Morning Herald in 2013. ''People think the prehistoric age was primitive, but this monument proves that wrong.''
(Danny Hilman Natawidjaja)
Still, not everybody is convinced. Natawidjaja's research has been the subject of much controversy in Indonesia and elsewhere, with a large number of archaeologists and skeptics criticising the team's methods and findings.
The latest research presentations – which, for now, remain non-peer-reviewed – will probably add fuel to the fire, but they also give the world a closer glimpse at what could be one of the world's most ancient and mysterious structures.
As for what that structure really is, only time will tell.
APEen artistieke impressie van de rozige dwergplaneet ‘Farout’
WETENSCHAP Sterrenkundigen hebben met de Japanse Subaru-telescoop op Hawaï een nieuw hemellichaam ontdekt. Het gaat om het verste object dat tot nu toe in ons zonnestelsel is waargenomen en kreeg daarom de bijnaam ‘Farout’ (‘Ver weg’). De rozige dwergplaneet is ongeveer 18 miljard kilometer van de Aarde verwijderd - dat is ongeveer 3,5 keer de afstand naar Pluto.
De Amerikanen Scott Sheppard en Chad Trujillo hebben de ontdekking gisteren bekendgemaakt. Veel is er over het nieuwe hemellichaam met officiële benaming ‘2018 VG18’ nog niet geweten behalve dan dat de dwergplaneet eerder roze lijkt (wat op een oppervlakte van ijs zou kunnen wijzen) en een doorsnede van ongeveer 500 km heeft.
Duizend jaar
Farout doet er ongeveer duizend jaar over om een keer rond de zon te draaien. De afstand van de zon naar de dwergplaneet komt overeen met 120 keer de afstand van de zon naar de Aarde. Het zal nog jaren duren vooraleer sterrenkundigen de precieze vorm van zijn omloopbaan zullen kunnen vaststellen omdat hij zich erg traag verplaatst.
Al jaren zijn wetenschappers op zoek naar een negende planeet die zich aan de rand van ons zonnestelsel zou bevinden. Het is in dat kader dat uiteindelijk ‘Farout’ werd ontdekt. Astronomen vermoeden namelijk dat de objecten aan de rand van ons zonnestelsel - die trouwens allemaal in een grillige baan cirkelen - onder invloed staan van een groter hemellichaam. Maar die zogenoemde ‘Planeet X’ is nog steeds niet gevonden.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 73 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.