Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS NEARLY 13 YEARS AND 4 MONTH.
ON /30/09/2024 MORE THAN 2.230.520
VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
23-01-2019
Easy Rider Secretly Sends Message About Aliens Agenda In Movie, July 14, 1969, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Easy Rider Secretly Sends Message About Aliens Agenda In Movie, July 14, 1969, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of movie: July 14, 1969 Title of movie: Easy Rider Writer of movie: Dennis Hopper, Peter Fonda, Terry Southern How do you pass on a message about aliens to millions all at the same time without having government men stop you? Movies right? Well, they did just that in the America classic movie Easy Rider. Apparently one of the writers got some inside information about aliens, because every freaking word that Jack Nicholson says is 100% on the mark. I could find no flaws in anything he said. I can find dozens of references of evidence to back up every accusation he has made. There were three writers of the script, Dennis Hopper, Peter Fonda and Terry Southern. One of these people had inside information about aliens and how they are influencing the world today. Unless Jack just came up with it himself during the scene...and slipped it in to enlighten the world. I knew about everything he said already, but even today, most people don't know even 5% of it. So, how did they know it then? Every word, every sentence was logically written to expose the alien influence over the last 70 years. In the scene, Jack Nicholson explains how aliens have influence humanity over the last 70 years and how humanity will grow because of it. When Jack finishes, they look down at his joint and are in awe, because...he hadn't been smoking it and it went out. This is a rare Easter egg hidden in one of the most legendary movie in American history.
To help cut down at the horrifically-long donor organ waitlist, some scientists are looking up to outer space.
Several doctors have tried to 3D print organs in the lab, with mixed results — organs with complex internal structures, like hearts and lungs, tend to collapse under their own weight.
Now, instead of supporting them with complex scaffolding systems, some scientists are wondering if it’d be better to send the 3D printer up to the zero-gravity environment of the International Space Station (ISS) in order to print hearts in space, according to BBC News — a convergence of space and medicine that could prove either be a grim folly or shape the future of surgery.
My Sides Are In Orbit
A number of scientists have already explored the idea of microgravity 3D printing. Next up will be a startup called Techshot, which has partnered with NASA to develop a biological 3D printer that it plans to send to the ISS this coming May.
First, the company plans to spend about a year on experiments that will determine how well the printer works in space. At that point, the company will largely focus on developing cardiac tissues, according to BBC News.
Open Source
“After our test protocols have been completed, we’ll open the program up to outside researchers who want to use our device,” Techshot VP Rich Boling told BBC News. After all those tests are done, Boling explained that the company will modify and optimize its printer before sending it back into space to fabricate even more complex tissues.
Once everything is up and running, Techshot hopes to manufacture hearts and other complex organs for people in need, Boling told BBC News. Not only could printed organs cut waitlist times, but Techshot also hopes that printing organs using the recipient’s stem cells will improve the odds of a person’s body accepting the new organ.
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:SF-snufjes }, Robotics and A.I. Artificiel Intelligence ( E, F en NL )
22-01-2019
THE WONDERS OF DEEP SPACE: SCIENTISTS ARE ON THE HUNT FOR ALIEN MOLECULES
THE WONDERS OF DEEP SPACE: SCIENTISTS ARE ON THE HUNT FOR ALIEN MOLECULES
Astrochemists have discovered compounds in the cosmos that cannot exist on Earth. Here are a few of their findings
Something strange was hiding in the Horsehead. The nebula, named for its stallionlike silhouette, is a towering cloud of dust and gas 1,500 light-years from Earth where new stars are continually born. It is one of the most recognizable celestial objects, and scientists have studied it intensely. But in 2011 astronomers from the Institute of Millimeter Radioastronomy (IRAM) and elsewhere probed it again. With IRAM’s 30-meter telescope in the Spanish Sierra Nevada, they homed in on two portions of the horse’s mane in radio light. They weren’t interested in taking more pictures of the Horsehead; instead, they were after spectra—readings of the light broken down into their constituent wavelengths, which reveal the chemical makeup of the nebula. Displayed on screen, the data looked like blips on a heart monitor; each wiggle indicated that some molecule in the nebula had emitted light of a particular wavelength.
Every molecule in the universe makes its own characteristic wiggles based on the orientation of the protons, neutrons and electrons within it. Most of the wiggles in the Horsehead data were easily attributable to common chemicals such as carbon monoxide, formaldehyde and neutral carbon. But there was also a small, unidentified line at 89.957 gigahertz. This was a mystery—a molecule completely unknown to science.
Immediately after seeing the data Evelyne Roueff of Paris Observatory and other chemists on the team started theorizing about what kind of molecule might create the signal. They concluded that the unknown species had to be a linear molecule—a compound whose atoms are arrayed in a straight chain. Only a certain type of linear molecule would produce the spectral pattern the chemists were seeing. After working through lists of likely molecules, they hit on C3H+, propynylidynium. This molecular ion had never been seen before. In fact there was no proof it existed at all. If it could form, it would be highly unstable. On Earth it would almost immediately react with something else to transform into a more settled species. But in space, where the pressure is low and molecules rarely run into anything else to bond with, C3H+ might just be able to survive.
ASTRONOMERS OBSERVING THE HORSEHEAD NEBULA WITH A RADIO TELESCOPE IN SPAIN SAW THE CHEMICAL SIGNATURE OF A MYSTERY MOLECULE. THE TELESCOPE RETURNED SPECTROSCOPIC DATA—A LINE GRAPH REPRESENTING THE INTENSITY OF LIGHT COMING FROM THE NEBULA ACROSS A RANGE OF WAVELENGTHS. SHARP RISES IN THE LIGHT, SUCH AS THE FEATURE SHOWN HERE, INDICATE THE PRESENCE OF A SPECIFIC MOLECULE WHOSE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ALLOW IT TO EMIT THAT PARTICULAR WAVELENGTH OF LIGHT. AFTER MUCH SLEUTHING RESEARCHERS WERE ABLE TO DETERMINE THAT THIS UNIDENTIFIED LINE FEATURE COMES FROM THE NEVER-BEFORE-SEEN COMPOUND C3H+, WHICH EXISTS ONLY IN SPACE.
Roueff and her colleagues studied whether the Horsehead Nebula contained the right ingredients and conditions to form the molecule. In 2012 they published a paper in Astronomy & Astrophysicsconcluding that the wiggle they saw likely belonged to C3H+. “I was relatively confident myself,” Roueff says. “But it required about two to three years to convince everyone that we had the right identification.”
At first, some skeptics contested the claim—if C3H+ had never been seen before, how could they be sure this was it? The clincher came last year, when researchers at the University of Cologne in Germany managed to create C3H+ very briefly in a laboratory. Not only did the feat prove that the molecule could exist, it also allowed scientists to measure the spectrum it produces when excited—the very same spectrum that showed up in the Horsehead. “It’s very rewarding to find a new molecule which we did not really think about before,” Roueff says. “When you are able to identify it through a chain of logic, it’s like being a detective.”
One alien molecule down, many, many more to go. The Horsehead Nebula is no aberration. Almost everywhere in the universe astronomers look—if they peer closely enough—they see unidentified spectral lines. The compounds we humans are familiar with, the species responsible for the huge diversity of materials on this planet, are just a fraction of those nature has created. And finally, after decades of work developing theoretical models and computer simulation techniques, along with laboratory experiments to reproduce new molecules, astrochemists are putting names to many of those unidentified lines.
Empty space
As recently as the 1960s most scientists doubted molecules could exist in interstellar space at all—the radiation there was thought to be too harsh for anything much beyond atoms and a few basic free radicals to survive. In 1968 physicist Charles Townes of the University of California, Berkeley, decided to look for molecules in space anyway. “I got the feeling that most of the Berkeley astronomers thought my idea was a little wild,” Townes, a Nobel laureate who died earlier this year, recalled in a 2006 account for the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. But Townes forged ahead and built a new amplifier for the six-meter antenna at Hat Creek Radio Observatory in California, which revealed the presence of ammonia in the Sagittarius B2 cloud. “How easy, and how exciting!” he wrote. “The news media as well as scientists began buzzing us.”
IN 1968 ASTRONOMERS DISCOVERED AMMONIA IN THE SAGITTARIUS B2 CLOUD. CREDIT: ESO
In the years since astronomers have found more than 200 types of molecules floating in space. Many are quite different from the species seen on the ground. “We usually do chemistry based on the conditions we have on Earth,” says Ryan Fortenberry, an astrochemist at Georgia Southern University. “When we get away from that paradigm, the chemicals that can be created are unbounded. If you can dream of a molecule, no matter how bizarre, there is a finite probability that over the eons of time and the immensity of space it has existed somewhere.”
Space is literally an alien environment. Temperatures can be much, much hotter than on Earth (such as in the atmosphere of a star) and much, much colder (in relatively empty interstellar space). Likewise, the pressures (extremely high or low) are far from terrestrial. Consequently molecules can form in space that would never emerge on our planet—and then they can stick around, even if they are highly reactive. “A molecule can go years and years before it bounces into another molecule in interstellar space,” says Timothy Lee, an astrophysicist at NASA Ames Research Center. “It might be in a region where there’s no radiation, so even if it’s not that stable, it can exist for a long time.”
These space molecules, once identified, could teach us a lot. Some of them might prove beneficial if scientists can create them in laboratories and learn to exploit their properties. Other molecules may help explain the origins of the organic compounds that gave rise to life on Earth. And all of them stand to expand the bounds of what is possible for chemistry in the universe.
Game-changing telescopes
In the past decade, as powerful new telescopes capable of observing faint spectral lines have come online, the search for alien molecules has accelerated. “It’s actually a heyday for astrochemistry right now,” says Susanna Widicus Weaver who leads an astrochemistry group at Emory University. The data available now, she says, are a huge improvement from just a decade ago when she completed her doctorate. NASA’s high-altitude Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA), mounted on the side of a Boeing 747SP, began observing in infrared and microwave light in 2010 and the European Space Agency’s Herschel Space Observatory launched into orbit in 2009 to target the same wavelengths.
THE ATACAMA LARGE MILLIMETER/SUBMILLIMETER ARRAY (ALMA) IN CHILE. CREDIT: NRAO
The real game-changer, however, is the multinational Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), a constellation of 66 radio dishes inaugurated in 2013. At an altitude of about 5,200 meters on the Chajnantor Plateau, a Mars-like red expanse in Chile’s Atacama Desert, the driest place in the world, ALMA’s matching antennas swivel in unison as observers collect light from cosmic objects. Extremely dark and clear skies nearly devoid of image-blurring moisture give the telescope unprecedented sensitivity and precision in wavelengths from infrared to radio. ALMA creates both a visual picture and a spectrum for every pixel of its images, producing tens of thousands of spectral lines in every field of view it observes. “It’s amazing and it’s overwhelming at the same time,” Widicus Weaver says. “These data sets are so big that they often have to mail them to scientists on flash drives because they can’t download them.” The flood of data is providing a wealth of new spectral lines for astrochemists to mine. But like unidentified fingerprints at a crime scene, these lines are useless to scientists unless they can determine which molecules created them.
Instruments, including the ALMA telescopes, probing a young star and comet in our solar system have detected, for the first time, a chemical compound thought to be a marker of extraterrestrial life in interstellar space
Finding a link
To match molecules to these lines, scientists can go in a few directions. As in the case of C3H+, astrochemists might start with theory, using clues from the spectrum to guess what molecule might be behind it. A technique called ab initio quantum chemistry (ab initio is Latin for “from the beginning”) allows scientists to start from pure quantum mechanics—the theory that describes the behavior of subatomic particles—to calculate a molecule’s properties based on the motions of the protons, neutrons and electrons in the atoms that comprise it. On a supercomputer, scientists can run repeated simulations of a molecule, each time slightly adjusting its structure and the arrangement of its particles, and watch the results to find the optimal geometry of a compound. “With quantum chemistry we’re not limited by what we can synthesize,” Fortenberry says. “We’re limited by the size of the molecules. We need large amounts of computational power to do the calculations.”
Researchers can also look for hard evidence of new molecules by creating them in a laboratory and directly measuring their spectral features. A common technique is to start with a chamber of gas and run a current of electricity through it. An electron in the current might collide with a molecule of gas and break its chemical bond, giving rise to something new. Researchers keep the gas at very low pressure so that any chemicals that arise have a chance to hang out for a few moments before running into another molecule and reacting. Scientists will then shine various wavelengths of light through the chamber to measure the spectrum of whatever is inside. “You can get to the point where you’ve produced in the lab the same molecule that’s occurring in space but you don’t necessarily know what the molecule is,” says Michael McCarthy, a physicist at the Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. “So then you have to try to infer the elemental composition from a combination of different laboratory experiments with different samples.”
And in the 1980s scientists trying to make new chemicals produced the molecule argonium (36ArH+), a strange compound not normally found on Earth that combines hydrogen with the generally inert gas argon. In 2013 astronomers found argonium in space, first in the Crab Nebula and later in a distant galaxy via ALMA observations. Compounds based on noble gases form only under very specific circumstances; scientists think that in space, high-energy charged particles called cosmic rays slam into argon and knock electrons loose, enabling it to bond with hydrogen. For this reason, if scientists see argonium in a region of space, they can surmise that the place is flooded with cosmic rays. “It’s a very specific indictor of these circumstances which actually are very important in space,” says Holger Müller of the University of Cologne, leader of the team behind the ALMA discovery.
µ
Scientists discovered the compound Freon-40 using data from ALMA in Chile, and Rosina instrument on ESA’s Rosetta mission
A new world of molecules
Many of the molecules lurking in stars and nebulae are foreign in the extreme. To ask what they would look or feel like if you could hold them in your hand is nonsensical, because you could never hold them—they would react immediately. If you did manage to make contact with them, they would almost certainly prove toxic and carcinogenic. Oddly, however, scientists have a rough idea of what some alien molecules would smell like: Many detected so far belong to a class of compounds called aromatics, which are derived from benzene (C6H6) and were originally named for their strong odors.
Some new compounds reveal surprising atomic structures and share charge between atoms in unforeseen ways. Sometimes they challenge current theories of molecular bonding. A recent example is the molecule SiCSi, discovered in 2015 in a dying star, which is made of two silicon atoms and one carbon atom that are bonded in an unexpected way. The resulting molecule is somewhat floppy and produces a spectrum different from what simple theoretical models predict.
And space molecules may help answer one of the universe’s most fundamental questions: How did life get started? Scientists do not know if amino acids, the building blocks of life, first arose on Earth or in space (and were then delivered to our planet by comets and meteorites). “The big question is, do they form in molecular clouds as a star is forming,” asks Widicus Weaver, “or do they form once you have a planet or some other chunk of rock where chemistry can occur on the surface?” The answer will determine whether it is likely that amino acids are plentiful in the universe and available to possibly seed life on the myriad exoplanets out there or whether the chemistry that sparked us was isolated to our own planetary cradle. Astrochemists have already spotted signs of amino acids in space as well as sequences of molecules that might have given rise to them.
BUCKYBALLS, CONGLOMERATIONS OF 60 CARBON ATOMS, WERE FIRST CREATED IN LABS ON EARTH AND LATER DISCOVERED IN SPACE. CREDIT: NASA/JPL-CALTECH
Finally, perhaps some rare species could prove useful if they can be created in great enough quantity and kept under controlled conditions. “The great hope of astrochemistry is that we can find molecules that have completely new properties and we can apply those to problems here on Earth,” Fortenberry says. An example is the soccer ball–shaped molecules “buckyballs.” These large conglomerations of 60 carbon atoms first showed up in a laboratory in 1985 (and won their discoverers a Nobel Prize). Almost a decade later astronomers saw spectral features in interstellar gas that looked consistent with positively charged versions of buckyballs, and the connection was confirmed this July when researchers matched those features to the spectrum of buckyballs created under spacelike conditions in the lab. “This molecule is now all over the galaxy and all over the universe,” says buckyball co-discoverer Harold Kroto, now a chemistry professor at The Florida State University. Lately buckyballs have turned out to be not just a quirk found in space but a practical tool for nanotechnology, useful for strengthening materials, improving solar cells and even in pharmaceuticals.
At this point astrochemists are still testing the shallow waters in the great sea of molecules out there in space. The finds they have already turned up are a reminder that our own small corner of the cosmos is just that—an insignificant, and not necessarily representative, sample of what is possible. Perhaps the species we are familiar with on Earth are in fact the exotic ones, and the buckyballs, the Horsehead Nebula C3H+ and others still unknown are the ordinary stuff of the universe.
Zijn roterende zwarte gaten poorten naar de hyperruimte? Onderzoekers doen opmerkelijke ontdekking
Zijn roterende zwarte gaten poorten naar de hyperruimte? Onderzoekers doen opmerkelijke ontdekking
Wat gebeurt er als je met je ruimteschip in een zwart gat vliegt? De meeste wetenschappers nemen aan dat je samengeperst en vermorzeld wordt.
Een team van de Universiteit van Massachusetts in Dartmouth heeft nu aangetoond dat niet alle zwarte gaten hetzelfde zijn.
Als een zwart gat zoals Sagittarius A*, dat zich in het centrum van ons sterrenstelsel bevindt, supermassief is en roteert, kun je er waarschijnlijk met je ruimteschip doorheen.
Zwak
Dat komt omdat de singulariteit in een roterend zwart gat ‘zwak’ is en objecten die ermee in aanraking komen niet beschadigt.
Vergelijk het met een vinger die je heel snel door een vlam beweegt zonder brandwonden op te lopen.
De vraag is alleen waar je dan precies uitkomt.
Hyperruimte
Het onderzoeksteam suggereert dat grote, roterende zwarte gaten kunnen worden gebruikt als poorten naar de hyperruimte.
Aangenomen wordt dat een singulariteit in een zwart gat ervoor zorgt dat een ruimteschip steeds verder wordt samengeperst en uit elkaar wordt getrokken.
Maar bij zwarte gaten zoals Gargantua is dit effect nauwelijks waarneembaar. De bemanning aan boord van een ruimteschip zou er niets van merken.
Geïsoleerd
De wetenschappers gaan er wel van uit dat zwarte gaten geïsoleerd zijn en niet worden beïnvloed door andere bronnen.
Dat terwijl de meeste zwarte gaten worden omringd door stof, gas en straling.
They’re small, with soft flabby bodies, over-sized heads and thin, weakly developed bones. Aliens? That’s one thought, but they’re more likely a group of freaky fish that have evolved to the point that they can live in the oxygen-depleted dead zones of the ocean. Are they the eventual survivors of whatever it is we eventually do to destroy the rest of life on Earth?
“I could hardly believe my eyes. We observed cusk eels, grenadiers, and lollipop sharks actively swimming around in areas where the oxygen concentration was less than one percent of typical surface oxygen concentrations. We were in a suboxic habitat, which should exclude fish, but instead there were hundreds of fish. I immediately knew this was something special that challenged our existing understanding of the limits of hypoxia [low-oxygen] tolerance.”
In a paper published in the journal Ecology, Natalya Gallo, graduate student at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, described what she and a research team from the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) found on a cruise and dive trip to some deep basins in the Gulf of California that are known to be suboxic – so-called dead zones where oxygen levels are so low that few if any animals or plants can live there. The remotely operated Doc Ricketts underwater robot(developed by MBARI) was sent to explore the Cerralvo Trough at depths between 600–900 meter (1,969–2,953 ft) and unexpectedly found the freaky-looking fish, not just surviving but thriving in schools numbering in the hundreds.
Cusk eel
“Many other types of fish are considered tolerant of low-oxygen conditions. But the fish in these parts of the Gulf are like the winners among a group of elite Olympic athletes.”
These Michael Phelps of the dead zone were predominantly cusk eels (Cherublemma emmelas) and lollipop cat sharks (Cephalurus cephalus). Both are bottom feeders with large heads and slender soft bodies (hence the name ‘lollipop’) which are good for living at great depths, and large gills which may help them take in enough of the suboxic water to get sufficient oxygen to live.
Obviously, these ‘Olympian’ fish don’t have Phelps-like Olympic bodies. It turns out they don’t have Phelpsian appetites either. What and how much these cull eels and cat sharks eat is still a mystery because they live in a dead zone which is, as its name suggests, dead. No fish, no plants, no worms, no Big Macs. It could be that their small, flabby, almost gelatinous bodies have low metabolisms but Gallo – whose Ph.D. thesis focuses on animals living in very low-oxygen environments – wants more data, which requires more dives into the Cerralvo Trough and the Gulf of California.
Lollipop cat shark
(Wikipedia)
This level of oxygen-deprived living is so unprecedented, the MBARI team believes these particular fish need a new name or classification. Their suggestion is ‘ligooxyphile’, which is Greek for ‘little oxygen lover’.
Little oxygen lovers. Is that the future of the rest of the creatures in our oceans … and possibly for us landlubber creatures as well? Team member and biological oceanographer Lisa Levin thinks it may be too late.
“Continued warming of the ocean may challenge even the most hypoxia-tolerant fishes. Elevated temperature will lower the solubility of oxygen in the water while increasing the amount of oxygen the fish need to survive.”
Do we all need to evolve into small, flabby, big-headed mouth-breathers? Or are we already?
Over the decades there have been a number of fictional tales of faked alien invasions. One of the more intriguing is Bernard Newman’s 1948 novel, The Flying Saucer. It tells of a secret group of scientists who fake three UFO crashes (one in New Mexico, no less – shades of the Roswell affair), as a means to convince the people of Earth that aliens are invading. In reality, it’s a big ruse. The reason: to try and unite the world and turn it into a (hopefully benevolent) New World Order-type future. H.G. Wells’ novel,The War of the Worlds, inadvertently provoked fears of an alien invasion when, in 1938, Orson Welles made a radio version of Wells’ classic 1898 book, which led some late listeners to theprogram to believethat a real extraterrestrialinvasion was beginning.
In the real world, Annie Jacobsen’s 2011 book – Area 51 –included a story given to her by an elderly man named Alfred O’Donnell. The story told to Jacobsen controversially suggested that a strange and sinister plot between Joseph Stalin and crazed, deranged nut, Joseph Mengele was initiated in the late-1940s. The idea was to try and convince the United States that aliens were invading. And, how were they set on achieving it? According to O’Donnell, Mengele physically altered a number of children (so they would look “alien”), and who were remotely flown in a futuristic-looking UFO-type aircraft, all the way to the U.S. The plan was that when the craft was – again remotely – landed and the terribly mutated children climbed out, the U.S. would be plunged into a state of hysteria. It’s not unlike the Wells-Welles situation in 1938. But, so the story went, the craft didn’t land. Rather, it allegedly crashed in the wilds of Lincoln County, New Mexico, and – as a result – the U.S. government chose to hide what O’Donnell claimed really happened. It should be noted that UFO researchers have suggested that O’Donnell himself had been fed disinformation (knowingly or not), as a means to further hide the truth of whatever happened at Roswell. All of which brings me to an early 1960s-era show that just might have been the ultimate “faked alien invasion” saga.
It all revolves around a 1963 episode of the cult-classic sci-fi show, The Outer Limits – which, along with The Twilight Zone, defined 1960s-era, on-screen science-fiction. The episode in question is titled “The Architects of Fear” and it was broadcast on the night of September 30, 1963. It starred Robert Culp, Leonard Stone and Geraldine Brooks. In the story, the world is a very dangerous place. That much is obvious from the opening words of the show: “Is this the day? Is this the beginning of the end? There is no time to wonder. No time to ask why is it happening, why is it finally happening? There is time only for fear, for the piercing pain of panic. Do we pray? Or do we merely run now and pray later? Will there be a later? Or is this the day?”
Not only is the world a dangerous place, but it appears that an all-out nuclear Armageddon is right on the horizon, and with no return from the brink of destruction. Or is there? Just maybe there is. Cue the plans of a group that undertakes classified work for a variety of government agencies. Its name: United Labs. The highest echelons of the company plan to save the people of the world – and the world itself – by creating a faked alien invasion. In other words, if the Human Race can be deceived into thinking that an alien attack is looming large on the horizon, it will provoke the United States, Europe, China and the then-Soviet Union to combine their efforts to defeat the alien foe. The result: a world as one, rather than as a planet filled with nations that seem almost desperate to destroy each other.
Unbeknownst to the rest of the world, the people at United Labs have found evidence of alien life on a faraway world they call Theta. The staff even have one of their Thetans, which is held secretly in the company’s facility. The United Labs people have no idea of the real agenda of the Thetans: are they friendly, hostile or somewhere in between? The questions are many. The answers are nowhere in sight. So, a decision is taken to turn the Thetans against us, the Human Race, in a very strange and alternative way. Such is the advanced nature of the technology at United Labs, they have the ability to surgically alter a human being and transform them into the identical form of a Thetan. The plan, then, is to have one of the employees surgically altered, to resemble a Thetan, and then reveal the Thetan to the world – and the plans that the aliens have for our world: destruction. Of course, no-one knows if the Thetans really are hostile, but making it look like that is the primary goal.
The secret, manipulative program begins when the highest echelons of United Labs get together to decide which one of them will be the man to undergo the radical surgery to turn him into something less than human – or maybe even more than human. Upon drawing lots, the man for whom life will never be as it was, is Dr. Allen Leighton (played by Culp). A great deal of planning goes into the project. Dr. Leighton – a physicist – is naturally crushed by the bleak fact that the time will come very soon when he will never see his wife, Yvonne (actress Geraldine Brooks), again. That much is very clear: the top secret project requires for Dr. Leighton to be killed in a plane crash. Of course, there is no plane crash. Rather, that is the cover story which is given to Yvonne and the press. Now, behind closed doors, the mutation of Dr. Leighton can begin without intrusion – or so it seems, at first.
Dr. Leighton is subjected to a series of bizarre medical procedures – some of which will physically alter his appearance to a significant degree. Other aspects of the plan to turn a man into an alien involve grafting alien tissue onto and into Dr. Leighton. There is, however, a terrible side-effect: Dr. Leighton’s mind begins to change, too. His normal, human thought processes – even his very character – start to fragment and he becomes far more like a real Thetan than he does a member of the Human Race. Add to that the fact that Yvonne astutely comes to realize that there is something profoundly suspicious about the nature of her husband’s death and we quickly get to see how things are in danger of unraveling. On top of that, Yvonne finds herself pregnant, something which Dr. Leighton – or what is left of him – quite understandably cannot forget. So, the plan has to go forward – and quickly so, if it is to work and prevent the destruction of the planet by the super-powers.
The United Labs staff create a high-tech vehicle which, they hope, will be assumed by the governments of our world to be an alien spacecraft. In reality, though, it’s one of ours. The plan is for the “alien spaceship” to land outside the United Nations headquarters in New York. Dr. Leighton – by then – will be completely alien in appearance and character. He will also be armed with a highly destructive weapon. The team hopes that when Leighton makes it clear to the elite of the U.N. that war with the Thetan race is all but inevitable, all of the powerful countries of our world will come together as one and fight the alien foe. It’s a brilliant idea – and a brilliant ruse, too. Unfortunately for United Labs, it doesn’t work as it should. In fact, it all ends in complete and utter disaster. The craft is not quite as reliable as the scientists assume. The result is that it crashes back to Earth and very near to the United Labs. And, nowhere near the United Nations. Dr. Leighton – in alien form – exits the crashed craft and stumbles through the surrounding woods, in which he is attacked and shot by a trio of terrified hunters. Severely injured, he makes his stumbling way towards the place where the whole, sinister plot began: United Labs. Yvonne, perhaps using a more than liberal degree of psychic power, still suspects that her husband did not die in a plane crash, makes her way to the labs, demanding to know the truth of what really happened to him.
As fate would have it, both Yvonne and what was once Dr. Allen Leighton arrive at the labs at pretty much the same time. As Allen Leighton dies in the lab, Yvonne realizes to her eternal horror that the alien monster before her is actually her beloved husband. One man is dead, a wife is in a state of turmoil, a secret project has quite literally come crashing down, and the threat of nuclear war is as likely as it was before the strange operation was initiated.
Artist's illustration of Planet Nine, a hypothetical world that some scientists think lurks undiscovered in the far outer solar system.
Credit: R. Hurt (IPAC)/Caltech
The weirdly clustered orbits of some far-flung bodies in our solar system can be explained without invoking a big, undiscovered "Planet Nine," a new study suggests.
The shepherding gravitational pull could come from many fellowtrans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) rather than a single massive world, according to the research.
"If you remove Planet Nine from the model, and instead allow for lots of small objects scattered across a wide area, collective attractions between those objects could just as easily account for the eccentric orbits we see in some TNOs," study lead author Antranik Sefilian, a doctoral student in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics at Cambridge University in England, said in a statement. [The Evidence for 'Planet Nine' in Our Solar System (Gallery)]
The hunt for Planet Nine — or, as some prefer to call it, Planet X or Giant Planet Five — began in earnest in 2014. That year, astronomers Chad Trujillo and Scott Sheppard proposed the existence of a large, unseen "perturber" beyond Neptune, whose gravitational influence could explain oddities in the orbits of distant objects like the dwarf planets Sedna and 2012 VP113.
In January 2016, Konstantin Batygin and Mike Brown contributed more evidence, announcing that other TNOs also appeared to bear this gravitational imprint. Batygin and Brown estimated that the perturber is perhaps 10 times more massive than Earth and lies about 600 astronomical units (AU) from the sun on average. (One AU is the Earth-sun distance — about 93 million miles, or 150 million kilometers.)
The case has been building ever since, as astronomers have found more and more "clustered" TNOs; the tally is up to about 30 at the moment.
But Planet Nine's existence isn't a slam dunk: Some astronomers think the orbit-shaping tug is more likely coming from many small bodies. The new study, which Sefilian conducted with Jihad Touma of the American University of Beirut, explores this latter scenario.
The duo's modeling work suggests that the strength-in-numbers explanation does indeed work — if the mass of the Kuiper Belt, the ring of bodies beyond Neptune, is a few to 10 times that of Earth. This is a pretty big "if," given that most estimates peg the Kuiper Belt's mass at less than 10 percent that of Earth (and one recent study put the figure at 0.02 Earth masses).
But other solar systems are known to harbor massive disks of material in their outer reaches, Sefilian and Touma noted. And our failure to spot one around our own sun doesn't mean it doesn't exist, they stressed.
"The problem is, when you're observing the disk from inside the system, it's almost impossible to see the whole thing at once. While we don't have direct observational evidence for the disk, neither do we have it for Planet Nine, which is why we're investigating other possibilities," Sefilian said.
"It's also possible that both things could be true — there could be a massive disk and a ninth planet," he added. "With the discovery of each new TNO, we gather more evidence that might help explain their behavior."
The new study has been accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal. You can read it for free at the online preprint site arXiv.org.
Mike Wall's book about the search for alien life, "Out There" (Grand Central Publishing, 2018; illustrated by Karl Tate) is out now.
Body of an Anunnaki King, 12,000 years old and .. Completely intact? (Video)
Body of an Anunnaki King, 12,000 years old and ... Completely intact?(Video)
This discovery was made completely by chance in 2008, and if we know what happened is undoubtedly thanks to the Russian media, and the television press. It happened in Kurdistan, Iran, a country quite closed to the world, at least in the Western world, but with good relations with Russia.
Although hidden until today, we get to know what has been published by the Russian press. The discovery occurred in a work, when digging the ground to make the foundations of a house. Then a mausoleum containing three coffins appeared, and after making more concise excavations, in a layer of earth were found the remains of an ancient civilization and the ruins of a city.
By the stratum in which it was found, but also thanks to the artifacts found in the interior, archaeologists determined that the monument and the city were built between 10,000 and 12,000 years ago, a date that was quickly revised by the Islamic authorities after the publication of the find in the Russian press. The Iranian authorities publicly declared that the ruins were 850 years old, which obviously does not correspond to the facts and is, again, an official lie.
Of the three sarcophagi found in the mausoleum, we only have video evidence of the first two. We do not know anything about the third, or its content, or who was inside.
As you can see, it is very difficult from the video to determine the height of the individual, although they seem to be very high. Both seem to be in a state of suspended animation. One wears a crown, suggesting that he was the sovereign of the city, and was buried, as can be seen, with his sorcerer, which leads to the conclusion that in the third sarcophagus he must have contained his wife Queen. There are gold coins placed in the eyes of the king, which is a well-attested habit of antiquity. This is a first blow to the official lie that the ruins are from the 12th century. It can be seen that it has Caucasian features, but copper skin : the second individual sarcophagus shares these same characteristics.
It seems that they are adorned with gold and precious stones. These ornaments carry a cuneiform script that is not identifiable, but which has been translated, giving the name of the second man found in the second sarcophagus and thus how his magician by profession. The royal sarcophagus seems to be covered with gold or a metal that resembles it, and near the monarch you can see a golden chest embedded with strange gems, like those that are adorning the king, it is said strange because they seem luminescent.
Is this the first real evidence of the carriers of knowledge? Are these beings who were before the Flood and were linked to people and were directly related to the development of human civilization? Or is it just another fake that surfs the Internet? Leave us your comment!
Experts Warn Of A Cataclysmic Flip Of Earth’s Magnetic Field As A “Mysterious Anomaly” Under The Continent Of Africa Causes It To Weaken January 3, 2019 by Michael T. Snyder
Experts Warn Of A Cataclysmic Flip Of Earth’s Magnetic Field As A “Mysterious Anomaly” Under The Continent Of Africa Causes It To Weaken
The Earth’s magnetic field is steadily getting weaker, and scientists are warning that it could soon flip. If that happens, it will be a cataclysmic event beyond anything that we have ever experienced before. Of course most people never even give much thought to the giant magnetic field that surrounds our planet, but without it modern society would simply not be possible. The magnetic field provides protection for the electrical grid which powers our homes, our businesses, our hospitals, our stores, our banks, our computers and our televisions. It is essentially an enormous “force field” that protects our world from solar storms and cosmic radiation. Right now we take that protection for granted, but scientists tell us that Earth’s magnetic field has flipped before, and that it could soon happen again.
We’ve known for more than a century that our planet’s magnetic field has been weakening at a rate of about five per cent a century, prompting concerns that the Earth’s magnetic poles could soon flip — an event that could have potentially disastrous results for life on Earth.
Unfortunately, this sort of event could happen a whole lot sooner than many had anticipated. At this moment, there is a gigantic “anomaly” directly under the continent of Africa that has scientists extremely concerned…
The region that concerns scientists the most at the moment is called the South Atlantic Anomaly – a huge expanse of the field stretching from Chile to Zimbabwe. The field is so weak within the anomaly that it’s hazardous for Earth’s satellites to enter it, because the additional radiation it’s letting through could disrupt their electronics.
“We’ve known for quite some time that the magnetic field has been changing, but we didn’t really know if this was unusual for this region on a longer timescale, or whether it was normal,” physicist Vincent Hare from the University of Rochester in New York said in February this year.
I was amazed when I read that.
If the magnetic field is so weak in that region that it is dangerous for Earth’s satellites to fly over it, then what is all of that additional solar radiation doing to the people that actually live in all of those countries?
The current weakening in Earth’s magnetic field – which has been taking place for the last 160 years or so – is thought to be caused by a vast reservoir of dense rock called the African Large Low Shear Velocity Province, which sits about 2,900 kilometres (1,800 miles) below the African continent.
Or at least that is what they think, because the truth is that nobody has ever been 1,800 miles below the surface of the Earth to take a look.
In any event, everyone agrees that the Earth’s magnetic field continues to weaken, and that a flip is inevitable at some point.
If a rapid magnetic field flip were to happen in the near future, scientists tell us that electronic devices all over the globe would be fried and that “trillions of dollars in damage” would be caused…
According to a team of international scientists, including from the Australian National University (ANU), such an event in the future would increase our planet’s exposure to the Sun’s radiation, and could cause trillions of dollars in damage by decimating power and communications systems across the globe.
Already, we are seeing major Earth changes happen all over the globe, and this is a major theme in my work. Major storms are becoming larger and more intense, volcanic eruptions are happening more frequently, and big earthquakes are becoming increasingly common.
The truth is that the crust of our planet is cracked and we are just floating on the pieces. Our world is becoming increasingly unstable, and the worst is yet to come.
Mysterious chirps in deep space may be 'colliding black holes,' Hat Creek astronomer says
Mysterious chirps in deep space may be 'colliding black holes,' Hat Creek astronomer says
Jessica Skropanic Redding Record Searchlight
The fast radio bursts detected by a Canadian telescope may have been caused by colliding black holes, an astronomer at SETI Institute said.
The repeating pulses were discovered last summer by the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME). Its findings, presented to the scientific community Jan. 9, have drawn widespread attention.
But black holes don't necessarily explain the series of bursts originating in a galaxy 1.5 billion light years away, said Seth Shostak, senior astronomer for the SETI Institute at Hat Creek Radio Observatory, about 70 miles east of Redding.
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are pulses of radio waves a fraction of a second long.
“Some of these are only about a thousandth of a second," Shostak said.
The CHIME telescope at night in British Columbia. The telescope will help detect future fast radio bursts.
Andre Recnik
Radio telescopes record these signals, and computers alert astronomers when there’s an anomaly.
“We’re monitoring 70 million radio signals at once,” Shostak said. “It’s all done digitally.”
The longest of these recorded pulses is one-tenth of a second long, about equal to an eye blink, he said. "If you were listening to these things, what you’d hear is a very fast slide whistle. It's a radio burst. It’s a little bit of static that starts at the high end of the radio dial and comes down in frequency."
The first single burst was recorded in 2001, but it wasn’t recognized as such by astronomers until 2007. Since then more than 60 bursts were digitally recorded, Shostak said.
Astronomers don't yet know what causes the fast radio bursts, primarily because the frequency at which they show up makes research difficult.
"Almost all of these have only been measured once," Shostak said. "You see this happen — 'beep!' — and then you don't hear it again. You can sit there and look at it (recoded data) for weeks, and you never 'hear' it again. That makes it problematic because whenever in science you only measure something once, it's pretty hard to figure out what it is you're dealing with."
Hat Creek Radio Observatory in Shasta County
Courtesy of Seth Shostak, SETI
One possible, but highly improbable, explanation made public interest in fast radio bursts go sky-high: Intelligent life in another galaxy.
"Some people have suggested that you shouldn't rule out the possibility that this is some kind of alien signal, that maybe it's the Klingons trying to get in touch, or maybe it's a navigation beacon for them, or something like that," Shostak said. "You can cook up some scenarios in which it might be possible."
Klingons are the outer space villains in the television series "Star Trek."
But Shostak said that's unlikely because most individual fast radio bursts come from points billions of light years apart.
“You see a fast radio burst over there in the sky, and then you find another fast radio burst over here in the sky, and these places are billions of light years apart." If aliens are sending messages, "how is it they've all been organized to produce these fast radio bursts? It takes billions of years to send a message from one galaxy to another.”
Whatever makes fast radio bursts has to be incredibly powerful to create a signal an antenna on Earth can pick up, Shostak said. “It’s likely it’s a natural phenomenon. It could be colliding black holes."
Nonetheless, he said black holes colliding doesn't necessarily explain two series of repeating bursts recorded in 2012 and 2018.
In 2012, the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico heard the first repeating bursts from what Shostak called a "rather nondescript galaxy" three billion light years away.
"The big discovery of last week was a second repeating one," Shostak said.
CHIME at Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory recorded the second series, 13 bursts in a three-week period in July and August, 2018.
“Once you have something that repeats, you can study it," Shostak said.
Allen Telescope Array operated by the SETI Institute at Hat Creek Radio Observatory in Shasta County.
Courtesy of Seth Shostak, SETI
Astronomers spoke of the discovery at the American Astronomical Society's annual meeting last week in Seattle. They're hopeful about modifying existing radio telescopes to listen for more bursts.
These include the Allen Telescope Array operated by the SETI Institute at Hat Creek Radio Observatory in the area of Lassen National Forest.
Shostak said he hopes the Allen Telescope Array will be capable of recording fast radio bursts by summer, but "it's always a money issue for our work because we're not funded by the government. It's all donations."
Depending in part on how soon SETI and other organizations can fund the adjustment of radio telescopes to detect them, Shostak said he thinks astronomers will know more about the cause of the bursts in the next two years. Whatever they are — alien messages, black-holes colliding or something else, he said it's sure to be big.
“Whatever is making this radio burst is an incredible event,” he said. “The amount of energy in that little chirp is 10 million times the energy the sun puts out in the same amount of time. It’s far away, it’s powerful and it’s mysterious."
Go to the SETI Institute for more information on the search for extraterrestrial life.
Why is that of the tens of thousands of reports of UFO’s since the iconic radio broadcast of Orson Welle’s “War of the World’s” terrified the nation in 1938, have none been reported by astronomers manning the observatories across our pale blue dot?
Is it because some leading astrophysicists such as Great Britain’s Martin Rees and Paul Davies at Arizona State University, who believe that advanced alien civilizations may be a billion or more years older than the human species have technology that would be unrecognizable by our primitive means.
Davies believes that advanced alien technology may exist that is “beyond matter.” That might have no fixed size or shape; have no well-defined boundaries. Is dynamical on all scales of space and time. Or, conversely, does not appear to do anything at all that we can discern. Does not consist of discrete, separate things; but rather it is a system, or a subtle higher-level correlation of things. Are matter and information, Davies asks, all there is? Five hundred years ago, Davies observes, “the very concept of a device manipulating information, or software, would have been incomprehensible. Might there be a still higher level, as yet outside all human experience, that organizes electrons?
If so, this “third level” would never be manifest through observations made at the informational level, still less at the matter level.
The “appearance of this Other” might be imminent, warns China’s preeminent science-fiction author of The Three-Body Problem, and that it might result in our extinction. “Perhaps in ten thousand years, the starry sky that humankind gazes upon will remain empty and silent,” he writes in the postscript to one of his books. “But perhaps … Continue readingFrom the X Files –“China’s Philosopher of Alien Civilizations Warns of First Contact”
Closer to the reality of 2019, astrophysicist Jason Wright at Penn State University has an solid, verifiable answer: astronomers haven’t observed any unidentified objects. It’s that simple he says. In a 2013 post, Astronomers and UFOs in his AstroWright blog, he wrote that “astronomers study big swaths of the sky all the time, and with much more sophisticated equipment than the cameras that have captured those iconic images of extraterrestrial UFOs. I tell them we don’t see any UFOs.”
Wright uses entry in the Astronomer’s Telegram as an example. The “Telegram” is a forum where astronomers can quickly disseminate information about new, interesting, or strange things they discover with their telescopes and cameras –so, yes, some astronomers do just “look through” telescopes all night trying to discovery new “stars,” Wright observes.
“I do not believe that most advanced alien civilizations will be biological,” says Susan Schneider of the University of Connectict and the Institute for Advanced Studies at Princeton .”The most sophisticated civilizations will be postbiological, forms of artificial intelligence or alien superintelligence.” Schneider is one of the few thinkers—outside the realm of science fiction— … Continue reading“Alien Artificial Intelligence is Out There” –And It’s Billions of Years Old (A 2018 Most Viewed)
In December of 2013, astronomers using RadioAstron, a 10 meter radio telescope in an elliptical orbit around the Earth, astronomers discovered a spacecraft orbiting the Earth that wasn’t in their database and quickly informed the world about their discovery. Just as quickly they determined that it was actually an object that just happened to have been overlooked by their database, and announced the resolution to the issue.
What did not happen, Wright says tongue in cheek, “is that NASA sent its goons to quiet the astronomers, or phone calls to the POTUS to send national security officers to red alert 5, or astronomers quickly opened up Photoshop to destroy the evidence.”
“Now, I don’t expect this example to convince hard-core UFOlogists who engage in highly developed conspiratorial thinking,” Wright concludes, “but I hope it sheds some light for others on the chasm between popular misconceptions of how extraterrestrial UFO’s might be real, and the reality of our understanding of all those lights in the sky.”
SCARRED SURFACE The moon held on to almost all the craters it’s ever acquired in 4.5 billion years of impacts. This lunar map is surrounded by images of 111 craters wider than 10 kilometers and younger than a billion years.
DR. A. PARKER/SWRI
A new look at the moon’s craters suggests the Earth and moon both suffered a sharp increase in impacts around 290 million years ago, and Earth has kept its biggest scars.
Geologists long assumed that erosion and tectonic activity had erased Earth’s craters so thoroughly that “you couldn’t say anything about the craters on Earth at all,” says planetary scientist Rebecca Ghent (SN: 12/22/18, p. 40). So to figure out how much Earth was pummeled in the past, Ghent and her colleagues turned to the moon.
“We can use our closest neighbor to learn a lot more about the Earth’s history,” says planetary scientist Sara Mazrouei, who worked on the study as a graduate student under Ghent at the University of Toronto.
With no atmosphere and no plate tectonics, the moon’s surface preserves a record of nearly all of its 4.5 billion years of craters. If the moon sat through a hailstorm of impacts, Earth should have experienced the same storm, and therefore the same rate of cratering, the researchers argue in the Jan. 18 Science. But without knowing how old most lunar craters are, it’s unclear if the Earth and the moon suffered impacts constantly or in short bursts.
Ghent realized in 2014 that the youngest craters on the moon were surrounded by large rocks, debris excavated by the impact that formed the crater (SN: 4/14/18, p. 32). Those large rocks absorb heat from the sun during the lunar day and radiate it back out at night in wavelengths of light visible to NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter.
“Right away you could see the young craters popping out,” Ghent says. Older craters, by contrast, were surrounded by rocks that had been beaten down to dust over time, so they didn’t glow as brightly at night.
INCOMING IMPACTS Planetary scientists figured out the ages of more than 100 craters on the moon, which revealed that there was a sharp uptick in impacts 290 million years ago. This movie illustrates craters forming over the past billion years of the moon’s history. Each impact is represented by a burst of light and a pitch, with higher tones representing smaller impacts and lower tones representing larger ones.
Ghent used nine craters whose ages were already known to figure out a mathematical relationship between a crater’s nighttime glow and its age. Then Mazrouei, working by hand, mapped all 111 lunar craters less than a billion years old and wider than 10 kilometers in diameter, and used that map to figure out the cratering rate.
Most lunar scientists assumed that, after an early turbulent period of extreme bombardment more than 3 billion years ago, the moon’s impact rate has been mostly constant. “But we saw an increase,” Mazrouei says — specifically, a jump in impacts by a factor of 2.6 around 290 million years ago.
The team then compared the lunar craters’ sizes and ages with 38 of the largest and most stable craters on the Earth. They lined up almost exactly in their timing and sizes.
To double check that such large craters on Earth weren’t often erased by erosion, the researchers looked at volcanic features called kimberlite pipes near the craters. These carrot-shaped lava tubes change starkly in appearance when eroded. The kimberlite pipes that appeared on the same terrain as the large craters confirmed that very little of either feature had been lost to erosion, Ghent says.
The jump in the impact rate could have been caused by a smash-up in the asteroid belt sending debris toward the inner solar system, says coauthor William Bottke, a planetary scientist at the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colo. In 2007, Bottke linked one such asteroid break-up to the impact that killed the dinosaurs (SN: 9/8/07, p. 148).
Ghent cautions against drawing conclusions about an exact date for that spike in impacts, noting it could have happened tens of millions of years earlier or later than estimated, or in multiple spurts. “I don’t want people to say, ‘Hey, the Permian-Triassic extinction happened during that time. This might have caused it.’ We don’t know that,” she says.
The new finding offers an explanation for a gap in Earth’s craters between 300 million and 650 million years old, Bottke says. “We don’t see fewer craters because of erosion,” he says. “We see fewer craters because the impact flux was lower.”
But the craters’ longevity raised another question. While the moon’s craters date back billions of years, Earth has almost no preserved craters older than about 650 million years. That makes sense if craters are lost constantly to erosion. But if not, where did the older craters go?
Older craters could have been scraped away during a global glacial period called Snowball Earth, Bottke says. Other lines of geological evidence suggest Earth went through deep freezes, the last of which occurred about 650 million years ago.
Other planetary scientists not involved in the study expressed mixed reactions about its methodology and findings.
“That is a major step forward in our understanding of the impact flux in the inner solar system,” says planetary scientist Christian Koeberl of the University of Vienna. “Their method is interesting and new.”
Geologists Thomas Kenkmann and Stefan Hergarten of the University of Freiburg in Germany are more skeptical. In 2015, the duo showed that many of Earth’s craters could still be undiscovered (SN: 7/25/15, p. 5). They’re not convinced that the new study captured all craters, or that Earth’s crater count reflects an increase in impact rate 290 million years ago. It could just be that “younger craters are more likely to have survived,” Hergarten says. “The dataset is really small, so I would not trust in it too much.”
Kenkmann agrees. “Considering the low number of craters for the lunar calculation, and the vague interpretation of the terrestrial record, it appears that a house of cards is being built here.”
Here’s an alternative explanation to the Planet 9 hypothesis, the idea that a large undiscovered planet in the outer solar system is pulling on some small outer worlds, distorting their orbits.
Artist’s concept of distant trans-Neptunian objects, moving in far-flung orbits around our sun. Some of their orbits are strange, and that strangeness has caused astronomers to search for another undiscovered, large planet in our solar system.
In early 2016, astronomers at Caltechannounced evidencefor another large planet in the outer solar system. They – and most professional astronomers – call this distant, unknown world Planet 9 (although some call it Planet X, in deference to those still smarting over theIAU’s 2006 decisionto demote Pluto to dwarf planet status). The evidence for Planet 9 has always been indirect. It came from the strangely aligned orbits of small objects in the outer solar system. Since 2016, astronomers have searched for a Planet 9 (or Planet X) in the outer solar system, but, so far, they haven’t found one. Now another group of astronomers says the strange orbits of outer solar system bodies can be explained without a Planet 9.
In other words, maybe there’s no reason to suppose a Planet 9 exists.
What’s going on here? Nothing more than the process of science. Science is, after all, primarily a process and a search for truth.
Researchers at the University of Cambridge and the American University of Beirut have put forth the alternative explanation to the 2016 Planet 9 hypothesis. They agree with the observations showing some small outer bodies – called trans-Neptunian objects or TNOs, moving more than 30 times Earth’s distance from the sun – have strangely aligned orbits. But the new work suggests the combined gravitational force of many small, distant objects – not a large, single Planet 9 – could have created those weird orbits. According to their statement, the team:
… proposes a disk made up of small icy bodies with a combined mass as much as 10 times that of Earth. When combined with a simplified model of the solar system, the gravitational forces of the hypothesized disk can account for the unusual orbital architecture exhibited by some objects at the outer reaches of the solar system.
Illustration showing the hypothesized orbit of Planet 9 along with the known orbits of several trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs).
Image via R. Hurt/JPL-Caltech.
Generally speaking, the trans-Neptunian objects – or TNOs – circle the sun on nearly-circular paths oriented in all directions. However, said these astronomers:
Since 2003, around 30 TNOs on highly elliptical orbits have been spotted: they stand out from the rest of the TNOs by sharing, on average, the same spatial orientation …
The Planet 9 hypothesis suggests that to account for the unusual orbits of these TNOs, there would have to be another planet … ‘shepherding’ the TNOs in the same direction through the combined effect of its gravity and that of the rest of the solar system.
Antranik Sefilian of University of Cambridge explained how they came to an alternative viewpoint:
We wanted to see whether there could be another, less dramatic and perhaps more natural, cause for the unusual orbits we see in some TNOs. We thought, rather than allowing for a 9th planet, and then worry about its formation and unusual orbit, why not simply account for the gravity of small objects constituting a disk beyond the orbit of Neptune and see what it does for us?
Sefilian is a former student of Jihad Touma of the American University of Beirut. Together, they created a new computer model to explain the unusual orbits without a Planet 9. Sefilian said:
If you remove Planet 9 from the model and instead allow for lots of small objects scattered across a wide area, collective attractions between those objects could just as easily account for the eccentric orbits we see in some TNOs.
Earlier attempts to do this same work fell short, these astronomers said, because in earlier models the total mass of objects beyond Neptune have only added up to around one-tenth the mass of the Earth. That’s too small to account for the strange orbits of some TNOs. For the TNOs to have their observed orbits – without needing a Planet 9 – the model put forward by Sefilian and Touma required a combined mass of outer solar system bodies to be between a few to 10 times the mass of the Earth. Sefilian explained why he and Touma think it’s fair to explore the possibility that mass might be out there. He said:
When observing other [solar] systems, we often study the disk surrounding the host star to infer the properties of any planets in orbit around it. The problem is when you’re observing the disk from inside the system, it’s almost impossible to see the whole thing at once. While we don’t have direct observational evidence for the disk, neither do we have it for Planet 9, which is why we’re investigating other possibilities.
He added:
It’s also possible that both things could be true – there could be a massive disk and a 9th planet. With the discovery of each new TNO, we gather more evidence that might help explain their behavior.
Bottom line: New work suggests the combined gravitational force of many small, distant objects in the outer solar system – not a large, single Planet 9 – may have created the weird orbits of some outer solar system bodies. In other words, there may be no reason for a Planet 9 to exist.
In 2009, alien enthusiasts all around the world were pulled to a state of ecstasy when multiple UFO sightings were reported in Turkey. After the mass sighting, a team of experts at the Council for Scientific and Technological Research studied about the unidentified flying object sighting, and in 2017, they concluded that the clips were completely authentic, and were not subjected to any kind of editing.
Now, videos of similar UFOs have been released by popular conspiracy theoryYouTubechannel Mavi777. The conspiracy theory channel claims that the clips showing two UFOs were apparently shot from the skies of Michigan a few days back.
YouTube: Mavi777
Video 2009:
The UFO spotted in Michigan seems to be triangular in shape, and we can see glowing lights on their finely cut edges. Interestingly, at first glance, the UFO above Michigan skies seems very similar to the flying objects that were spotted in Turkey.
The video uploaded by Mavi777 soon went viral, and conspiracy theorists were quick to conclude that alien life is a reality. Many conspiracy theorists, after analyzing the video started arguing that aliens used to visit the earth on sophisticated flying vessels, and they even claim that governments all across the world are aware of their existence.
In the meantime, some viewers of Mavi777 put forward a very different theory. As per these people, the UFO spotted in the Michigan skies has nothing to do with aliens, but it is actually a secret military vehicle conducting a routine night check. Some of these people believe that triangular vessels like the alleged TR-3B are being used by the United States Air Force to spy on other countries.
The new UFO sighting was reported just a few days after another flying object was spotted coming out of a Mexican volcano. The video was initially uploaded to YouTube by a user named 'Kat Martin 2016', and it gained popularity after Scott C Waring, a popular UFO researcher shared the discovery on his website 'UFO Sightings Daily'.
Even though UFO sightings have been reported widely worldwide, experts reveal that most of these videos are fabricated for clickbait needs.
One eagle-eyed conspiracy theorist spotted a strange bright light hovering near the mouth of the 5,426 metre tall volcano, colloquially named El Popo. The sighting was made on webcams which constantly monitor the volcano. In the video of the sighting, a bright light can be seen darting around the source of the volcano, moving erratically in a circular motion.
YouTube user Kate Martin2016 quickly uploaded film to the video-sharing website, asking if what she saw was a genuine UFO or if there was a simpler explanation such as a bug.
She wrote alongside the video: “Could be anything from a UFO to a bug.
“Interesting how it is still, then zooms off in the same direction it came from though! I don't know, I have seen bugs look that way on film, but it seems pretty big.”
However, other conspiracy theorists are convinced it is a UFO and more so, is evidence that aliens are using the volcano as a base.
UFO seen at Popocatepetl volcano PROOF of alien base - shock claim
(Image: GETTY)
Prominent alien hunter Scott C Waring wrote on his blog, UFO Sightings Daily: “This particular volcano is famous for its UFO sightings over the last five years.
“I personally have recorded about ten videos of flying objects near the mouth of the volcano in the past.
“I believe the UFO is hovering over the left side of the volcano it pick up or drop off passengers or cargo for the alien base that sits 4-6km below the volcano.
The UFO was seen darting around the mouth of the volcano
(Image: YOUTUBE)
“Even the locals have reported seeing UFOs and even alien creatures on the volcano, so this video is not a surprise, but is excellent evidence that an alien base does exit there.”
Some people simply were not having it however, offering a more logical explanation.
YouTuber black hole commented: “Relax guys, it is just a flying lamp.”
Once is happenstance, twice is coincidence, three times is enemy action. Ian Fleming wrote that. While it hardly seems responsible to suggest that three sightings of the same “UFO” is equivalent to “enemy action” (don’t attack UFOs, literally nothing good could ever come from that), it’s a good quote and there’s a truth in there. Three separate sightings of the same weird thing in sky over the course of one week suggests that, despite the impossibility of identifying that weird thing, something’s puttering around up there. In early January, in the city of Hull, East Yorkshire, England, multiple witnesses reported seeing aglowing UFOon separate occasions and at different times of the day.
Artist’s rendition of orb UFOs
First, on January 6th, Hull Live reported that a woman and her aunt had seen a strange glowing red light hovering low in the sky while walking down the street at approximately 5:40 PM. The woman snapped a picture of the UFO and described the sighting:
“It didn’t seem to be moving and it just seemed really weird as it definitely wasn’t a laser, a helicopter or another light that was supposed to be there – it was just stationary in the sky and we thought it could have been a UFO.
As soon as we saw it, we took a picture of it on the phone, and when we were walking back from the shop, the red ball was still there – it was really freaky and shook us up a bit as it made us think that something else is out there.”
“Something else is out there” might be the most vague phrase ever used by anybody, but OK. The woman said that when she got home she showed the picture to her partner, who then went to the location of the sighting to try and get a video, but the UFO had disappeared.
On its own, that sighting would be pretty meaningless. It’s a red light in the sky in a populated area. There’s a thousand different explanations for that. Yet, on January 9th, Hull Livereported that another woman had come forward with a sighting. A 31-year-old woman says that at roughly 1:30 AM on New Years day, she was in bed and falling asleep when she heard a loud bang. She jumped up, thinking that it might be an intruder and looked outside. According to the woman:
“I thought it may have been someone booting in my gate to get my children’s bikes, so I peeked out through the blinds only to be met with a massive red orb in the sky opposite my street hovering above the local field.
My heart skipped a beat and I shut my blinds and dived back in bed because I was too nervous to look back out.”
On January 11, a third sighting was reported. This sighting occurred on Thursday, January 4th. A family was walking to a shopping center at approximately 4:45 PM when they saw a “scary, multicolored UFO” appear in the sky for a brief second. According to the unnamed witness, the object was circular and had lights of various colors and disappeared in the blink f an eye. However, 15 minutes later, the “UFO” showed up again, and the family was able to take a picture (you can see the picture here). According to the witness:
“We saw it again when we got to top of Midmere off Dorchester Road. It was flashing red, blue, green, yellow, all sorts of colours and when we blinked it disappeared into thin air.
It was circular in shape and we thought it was a plane at first but it was moving too quickly and it wasn’t shaped like one. It was flickering all different colours, normally a plane is one or two different colours when you see it. It was quite scary to see.”
This is actually pretty accurate.
So are these sightings related? The first two sightings aren’t reported as being anything other than a glowing red orb, while the third apparently upped its lighting budget. Of course, the third sighting also happened while it was still sort of light out. Do aliens use different headlights depending on the time of day? The picture of the third UFO definitely looks like it could be some sort of craft, but it could also be a drone. Drones are small and quick. Because of their size, they can present the illusion that they’re further away and faster than they actually are. At the same time, they make a pretty distinctive sound, and one that we’re all kind of used to at this point, so it’s hard to say.
It will be worth keeping an eye on Hull to see if any other UFOs show up, or if anyone crashes a drone.
Over the last few years, we’ve covered the development of the insane-soundingartificial meteor showersbeing developed by a Japanese start up. The company plans to launch tiny cube satellites into low orbit which can eject payloads of pellets designed to burn up in the Earth’s atmosphere. Those pellets are crafted with asecret chemical composition in order to create psychedelic technicolor meteor showers for everyone below. Say it with me now: what could go wrong?
“Whoops. You said the extra-extra-large pellets, right?”
You know, I don’t care what could go wrong. I’m going to get some hallucinogens, travel to wherever this is happening, listen to Vangelis, and have my mind freakin’ blown. The company behind this brain-bending technology is called Astro Live Experiences, or ALE, and promises “a whole new level of entertainment.” While ALE has been developing the “Sky Canvas” system for a while now, the company has just announced that its first prototype has been sent into spaceaboard an Epsilon rocket. Put in your magic mushroom orders now, because they’re sure to sell fast once these meteor showers start turning the night sky into a psychedelic light show.
Not everyone is happy about Sky Canvas, naturally. Hugh Lewis, a space debris and space junk expert at the University of Southampton, says the idea is irresponsible. “Given the fact that we’re trying to encourage good behaviour in the space environment and so on, just to throw things up there because they look pretty is a bit problematic,” Lewis told the BBC. Lewis believes there’s no way that ALE will be able to control the trajectory of the meteors like expected, meaning there could be potential unknown consequences like damage to other satellites or even interference with aircraft. In order to have their meteor showers happen where and when they want to, ALE will have to perfectly calculate the launch vectors of their pellets in order to have them visible at the desired time and place, which it plans to do at the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo. 頑張って！
I’m pretty sure this is a depiction of Sky Canvas, although it could be a panel from a manga about a horrible alien coming to destroy Earth.
ALE points out these unknowns right in their latest press release announcing the launch of their first satellite. “Because no one else has attempted this challenge before,” the company writes, “there have been no safety guidelines implemented for a mission of this type.” ALE says they held “multiple safety discussions and workshops” with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency to determine how best to not interfere with other satellites or create dangerous side-effects.
I don’t know why, but for some reason despite the potential dangers, Sky Canvas excites me – but the orbital billboardsbeing planned by a Russian startup horrify and disgust me. Sure, advertising can be called a form of art, but these meteor showers feel much more expressive, concerned solely with creating beauty and wonder than selling cheap crap to the masses. Will the skies become the next big medium for artists and advertisers? It’s likely inevitable. In some ways the skies already are a medium for advertisers through sky writing, those annoying banners pulled by planes, and blimps. Won’t giant luminous objects and spectacles be just a little more aesthetically pleasing? I, for one, welcome the glowing rainbow-colored skies of our cyberpunk future.
Giant Ice Disk Shows Up In River May Indicate UFO Is Below! Maine, Videos, UFO Sighting News.
Giant Ice Disk Shows Up In River May Indicate UFO Is Below! Maine, Videos, UFO Sighting News.
Date of discovery: January 20, 2019 Location of discovery: Westbrook, Maine This frozen disk was discovered spinning in a river at the town of Westbrook, Maine. The ice is in a perfect circle and may be forming above the river due to a large UFO parked below the river. If a metallic object is below the water, it could actually create a round circle of ice in the winter due to the cold metal shape and different temp above the metal craft. Thus the a disk the size of the UFO is forming. I do believe if radar is used to examine the lake floor, a round metallic craft will be seen. Scott C. Waring
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
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The Daily Galaxy
