Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS NEARLY 13 YEARS AND 4 MONTH.
ON /30/09/2024 MORE THAN 2.230.520
VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
24-01-2019
Lawsuit reveals the NSA received 29 'extraterrestrial messages' from space, a long time ago
Lawsuit reveals the NSA received 29 'extraterrestrial messages' from space, a long time ago
The picture above represents a broadcast (known as the “Arecibo” message), put together by Carl Sagan and colleagues that was sent into space via radio waves at a special ceremony to celebrate the remodelling of the Arecibo radio telescope in Puerto Rico. Apparently, the received a response, you can read more about that story here. It’s speculative, for sure, but the information below, is not. This article pertains to a real deal document.
Strange signals detected from outer space are becoming quite popular, especially within the past couple of years alone. Here’s one of several studies positing that some of these signals could be from an intelligent extraterrestrial source.
Scientists have discovered six more bursts of radio signals coming from a place in deep space outside our galaxy from where similar signals were detected earlier this year and in 2012. From this specific location, a total of 17 such radio signals have been received, and given their nature, there is also heavy speculation about whether we are being ‘contacted’ by some type of extra-terrestrial life form. You can read more about that here.
This article touches upon an NSA document that was released via a lawsuit. Rumours around the internet say the agency was ordered to declassify the document in 2004, but did not officially release it until 2011, which they did so quietly. Not many details are available about the document, except for the fact that it is real, and published in the NSA database via their technical journal.
In 2004, it is alleged that a lawsuit forced the National Security Agency to release a document called “Key to the Extraterrestrial Messages.”
“Dr. Campaigne presented a series of 29 messages from outer space…The following article develops a key to these messages.”
A paragraph from the Appendix reads as follows:
“Recently, a series of radio messages was heard coming from outer space. The transmission was not continuous, but cut by pauses into pieces which could be taken as units, for they were repeated over and over again.”
Towards the end of the document, the author states that “we have penetrated the meaning of basic symbols, and even more important, have learned some of the syntax rules- of the notation, and have caught mistakes in the process. We have a few words for sophisticated concepts, and given more data, with a little labor, we could establish its translation.”
There was no document to be found that actually describes what exactly they found out, and what that translation was.
Quite interesting to say the least.
Keep in mind, this is one of thousands of documents that have been released via FOIA requests, and dozens of global intelligence agencies and governments have now released hundreds of thousands of pages of documents that discuss possible extraterrestrial beings.
For example, here (page 21 & 22) is an FBI document in the form of a memorandum, addressed to “certain scientists of distinction,” to “aeronautical and military authorities,” and to “a number of public officials.”
The document is a letter that was sent to the director of the FBI in Washington from the San Fransisco office, on a matter pertaining to UFOs & extraterrestrials.
“Lt. Colonel (name redacted) of G2 [G2 means army intelligence], San Francisco advised today he has no further information, and that our Seattle office is in possession of all information known by him and is handling the matter at Tacoma, Washington.”
The document goes on to provide a copy of a letter written by someone with “several university degrees” and a former “university department head.”
It contemplates an extraterrestrial presence visiting us.
There is also an important distinction to be made from the UFO phenomenon, and the extraterrestrial phenomena, although there is sufficient evidence to show that, at least in some cases, they are interrelated. That being said, may of of these “UFOs” could be, and probably are, highly sophisticated, black budget (Special Access Programs, human craft).
The existence of UFOs has been officially verified, and thousands of military records show that they are commonly tracked on radar, and perform maneuvers and travel at speeds that no known aircraft can travel. This seems to have started a long time ago, in Germany, and the CIA was keeping tabs.
“A German newspaper recently published an interview with George Klein, famous German engineer and aircraft expert, describing the experimental construction of ‘flying saucers’ carried out by him from 1941 to 1945.”
There are hundreds of cases, and it’s something that still happens today. A quite popular incident comes from Tehran, Iran. This incident occurred on the night of September 18th, 1976. A four page U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency and NSA report describes the encounter in detail. Furthermore, both of the pilots involved discussed the event years later.
This is what the Arecibo message looks like
What happened on this night is an example of what has happened multiple times with regard to military encounters with UFOs. Residents of the city noticed a big bright object in the sky. The airport traffic controller also noticed, “it was an intensely bright object that was not supposed to be there.” The Iranian Air Force was contacted (at the time they were a close ally of the United States, under the rule of the Shah), and they dispatched two F-4 fighter jets to check out the object. The United States took this encounter very seriously; a report of what happened was sent to multiple national security officials and U.S. President Gerald R. Ford, CIA Director.
Both pilots, when approaching the object, experienced weapons systems and electronic failure within their aircraft.
“As the F-4 approached a range of 25 nautical miles it lost all instrumentation and communications. When the F-4 turned away from the object and apparently was no longer a threat to it, the aircraft regained all instrumentation and communications. Another brightly lighted object came out of the original object. The second object headed straight toward the F4.”
Dr. Jacques Vallee, notable for co-developing the first computerized mapping of Mars for NASA, and for his work at SRI International on the network information center for ARPANET, a precursor to the modern Internet, also published a paper in the Journal of Scientific Exploration titled “Estimates of Optical Power Output in Six Cases Of Unexplained Ariel Objects With Defined Luminosity Characteristics.”
In it is a great shot of one of these “UFOs” snapped by Canadian Military Pilots (see below).
I’d like to point out that, although the existence of UFOs is verified, the fact that these could be operated by extraterrestrials is not. That being said, just as there was a lot of evidence for the UFO phenomenon before all of this declassification, there is still “abundant evidence that we are being contacted.” – Dr. Brian O’Leary, Ex Nasa Astronaut and Princeton Physics professor.
What points to this fact, is that those directly involved with these sightings, and those who have held some prominent positions, have clearly stated, hundreds of times that some of these UFOs are indeed operated by extraterrestrials.
“This thing has gotten so highly-classified… it is just impossible to get anything on it. I have no idea who controls the flow of need-to-know because, frankly, I was told in such an emphatic way that it was none of my business that I’ve never tried to make it to be my business since. I have been interested in this subject for a long time and I do know that whatever the Air Force has on the subject is going to remain highly classified” – FormerSenator Barry Goldwater, Chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee
Whoever is in control or “in the know” with regard to this topic, it’s way above the government, and most likely managed by some sort of “secret government,” atop the “Deep State.”
Given the release of this information within these past few years, those that are mentioned in these files have come forward. One (out of many) examples would be now retired Navy commander pilot Graham Bethune, who held a top-secret clearance. He was a VIP Plane Commander who flew most of the high-ranking officers and civilians from Washington, DC. In his testimony below, he explains how he was flying a group of VIPs and other pilots into Argentia, Newfoundland, when every single person on the plane witnessed a 300 foot object that traveled 10,000 feet straight up in a fraction of a second toward their plane. As you can see from the video below, he has documented the event extensively.
To access the official files pertaining to this particular case, you can visit the government’s ‘Project Bluebook’ files to read them. You can find those links and the files for this case at the National Investigations Committee On Aerial Phenomenon.
In this interview, he states he learned that some of these objects were indeed extraterrestrial, from “the boys upstairs.”
So, as you can see, there is no shortage of information within this realm, in the form of credible sources and documents and statements from credible people. This isn’t even the tip of the iceberg.
A recently revealed, formerly secret U.S. government program that studied unexplained aerial phenomena—more colloquially referred to as UFOs—came as a surprise to many when stories describing it appeared almost simultaneously in theNew York TimesandPolitico.
The Pentagon’s project, called the Advanced Aviation Threat Identification Program, was reportedly established in 2007 to investigate unexplained aerial phenomena that appeared to be using novel propulsive, hovering, or otherwise advanced technologies. A 490-page report detailing the program’s findingssupposedly exists, though it has not yet been released.
Luis Elizondo, who led the Pentagon effort to investigate U.F.O.s until October. He resigned to protest what he characterized as excessive secrecy and internal opposition to the program.
Credit Justin T. Gellerson for The New York Times
Some may think that the very existence of this project supports the idea that aliens are visiting us, but that’s not a logical conclusion. The undeniable truth is that observations of a puzzling nature certainly merit investigation, as long as it’s done scientifically. And this project is not even close to the first U.S. government-funded search for evidence of advanced intelligence—so far, to little effect.
Projects that began more than five decades ago and still continue to this day include efforts to evaluate bizarre sightings and exotic objects, scan the skies for signs of intelligent transmissions, and develop instruments capable of sniffing out signs of life on faraway worlds.
The fact that the government chose to spend some cash on a supposedly scientific look at UFOs—particularly as they could be crucially related to national security threats—really should be no surprise, says Seth Shostak, one of the SETI Institute’s senior alien hunters.
THE SCIENCE OF ALIEN SIGHTINGS
Neil deGrasse Tyson and SETI astronomer Seth Shotsak talk about alien sightings and how aliens are portrayed in the media.
“The feds have long had an interest in UFOs, going back to the celebrity cases of the late 1940s—Roswell, anyone?” says Shostak. “Much of the motivation for this interest was the worry that the strange things being reported in the sky might be novel Soviet—or today, Russian or Chinese—aircraft.
“But even if you think that the interest had greater scope, that the government really wanted to know if our little planet was being visited by other beings, there’s little surprise in the fact that they’ve spent a modest amount of money investigating that possibility.” Indeed, roughly a third of the U.S. population believes that some of these bizarre phenomena are attributable to extraterrestrial visitors, he says.
The bigger problem, according to Shostak, is that the money shunted into the Pentagon program went primarily to a company founded by Robert Bigelow, a billionaire aerospace mogul whose company builds inflatable space modulesand who has long believed in alien visitation. Initiated after conversations between Bigelow and then-Nevada senator Harry Reid, the program garnered at least $22 million in funding over five years (it’s not yet clear whether it survives under a different guise after its supposed termination in 2012).
Within the new stories are nuggets of curious information, including the supposed keeping of unearthly alloys at Bigelow’s facilities, and a video that reportedly shows an object spotted by two U.S. Navy pilots.
But the most that’s publicly known about the program’s findings is second-hand at best, coming from insiders relaying their impressions to reporters. Some, like Reid, claim there is compelling evidence that merits further investigation—but the details remain as elusive as the aliens.
“Objective description of any phenomena should be backed up by compelling evidence, and despite many decades of reports of various UFO and abduction phenomena, we don’t have such evidence,” says Andrew Siemion, director of the Berkeley SETI research center. “Moreover, astronomers spend their lives looking at the sky with a wide variety of telescopes and techniques, and we have never snapped a picture of [an unexplained] spaceship.”
Here are some of our previous and ongoing attempts to find out if, in fact, aliens are out there and whether we have been visited, starting with the heyday of such activities around the middle of the last century.
1947: Roswell (Project Mogul)
Easily the granddaddy of all UFO conspiracies, the Roswell incident is described by many as the catastrophic crash of an alien spaceship in the New Mexico desert, after which the U.S. government supposedly retrieved the spacecraft (and several aliens). In 1994, the Air Force released a report identifying the debris as belonging to “a once top-secret balloon operation, Project MOGUL, designed to monitor the atmosphere for evidence of Soviet nuclear tests.”
1948-1952:Projects Sign and Grudge
First Sign and then Grudge, these Air Force-funded projects were examinations of flying saucers and other reported unexplained phenomena, inspired both by the Cold War and a 1947 observation of nine “disk-shaped objects” over Washington state. According to the CIA, “GRUDGE officials found no evidence in UFO sightings of advanced foreign weapons design or development, and they concluded that UFOs did not threaten U.S. security. They recommended that the project be reduced in scope because the very existence of Air Force official interest encouraged people to believe in UFOs and contributed to a ’war hysteria’ atmosphere.”
1952-1969:Project Blue Book
A continuation of the previous two projects, Blue Book was the longest and most extensive known investigation of unexplained aerial happenings. Of the 12,618 reported sightings it investigated, most were ruled to be misidentified natural phenomena or aircraft (including early U-2 spy planes on test flights); 701 and remained unidentified. The report concluded that “No UFO reported, investigated, and evaluated by the Air Force has ever given any indication of threat to our national security; there has been no evidence submitted to or discovered by the Air Force that sightings categorized as ’unidentified’ represent technological developments or principles beyond the range of present-day scientific knowledge; there has been no evidence indicating the sightings categorized as ’unidentified’ are extraterrestrial vehicles.”
1960: Project Ozma
Funded by the National Science Foundation, a federal agency created in 1950, this $2,000 project was the first scientific search for signs of intelligent radio transmissions from other worlds. Using a telescope at the Green Bank Observatory, astronomer Frank Drake (yes, the reporter’s father) listened for radio transmissions coming from planets that could be orbiting the stars Tau Ceti and Epsilon Eridani, but the scans came up empty.
An aerial view of the Pentagon.
1966-1968: University of Colorado UFO Project/Condon Committee
Funded by the Air Force, this project produced 1968’s Condon Report, which concluded that there was no compelling evidence for extraterrestrial involvement in UFOs, and which recommended discontinuing Project Blue Book and any further investigations of UFOs. The report inspired the American Association of the Advancement for Science to convene a meeting on the topic, which Carl Sagan and Thornton Page then turned into a book called UFOs: A Scientific Debate.
1970s and ‘80s: CIA Investigations of Paranormal and Psychic Phenomena
The 1970s and 1980s saw the CIA investigating a bunch of phenomena associated with UFO sightings, such as parapsychology and psychic happenings. According to CIA report “Role in the Study of UFOs, 1947-90 (A Die-Hard Issue)”, “CIA officials also looked at the UFO problem to determine what UFO sightings might tell them about Soviet progress in rockets and missiles and reviewed its counterintelligence aspects.”
1976-1993:SETI/HRMS
The only time the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, or SETI, has been written into a NASA budget line, this decade provided as much as $12 million a year for searches using the Arecibo and Goldstone antennas. Around 1990, the government’s SETI program—headquartered at NASA’s Ames Research Center—was renamed the High Resolution Microwave Survey in an attempt to avoid cancellation. Nevada senator Richard Bryan ended up cancelling the program anyway in 1993, right after actual observations had started.
1990s to now: NASA’s Astrobiology Institute
Founded in 1998, the NASA Astrobiology Institute is one of many projects within the space agency aimed at investigating the possibility that life exists elsewhere in the cosmos. Scientists under its umbrella are currently thinking about whether life once existed on Mars, if there might be organisms tucked beneath the icy shells of the moons Europa and Enceladus, and how we would even recognize what life beyond Earth looks like if and when we see it.
Now, and beyond
Other ongoing work that continues to rely on federal funds includes developing instruments capable of detecting not only exoplanets but also alien biospheres, as well as work using organisms and environments on Earth as extraterrestrial analogs.
Saturn’s largest moon Titan is enveloped in a thick atmosphere, but the infrared camera on the Cassini spacecraft was able to reveal the moon’s myriad of surface features.
In these images of Saturn’s moon Titan, the colors reflect variations in materials on the moon’s surface. For example, the moon’s equatorial dune fields appear a consistent brown color, while bluish and purple hues may indicate materials enriched in water ice.
This stunning sequence of images of Saturn’s largest moon Titan was created using data acquired by the Cassini mission’s infrared camera, which peered through Titan’s dense atmosphere. The images were stitched together in a seamless mosaic to provide the best yet representation of Titan’s surface features.
Thanks toCassiniand the European Space Agency’s (ESA)Huygens probe it carried – which landed on Titan in January 2005 – Titan was extensively mapped and analyzed. On September 15, 2017, the Cassini spacecraftplunged into the planet Saturn, becoming part of the planet it had been orbiting since 2004.
The Cassini-Huygens mission – the fourth earthly space probe ever to visit Saturn and first to enter its orbit – revolutionized the way we think about Saturn and its moons and rings. It also gave us spectacular, awesome images that just kept coming, all the way to the mission’s final days. Visit a Cassini image gallery.
Here’s a cool video from NASA summarizing the amazing findings that Cassini has made at Titan. Titan is a world that in some ways reminds us of Earth, yet is also utterly alien.
Bottom line: Mosaic photo of Saturn’s moon Titan seen in infrared.
New observations of Venus’ atmosphere by the Japanese orbiter Akatsuki – combined with supercomputer simulations – have revealed giant symmetrical streaks never seen before.
Lower clouds of Venus with the streaks observed with the Akatsuki IR2 camera (left) and the planetary-scale streak structure reconstructed by AFES-Venus simulations (right). Image via Nature Communications paper.
Venusis a mysterious world, with its surface perpetually hidden from view by a thick layer of clouds. While probes have landed on the surface – surviving long enough in the hostile environment to send back photos and other data – there is still a lot to learn about Venus and its cloudy veil. Intriguing wind-driven patterns in the clouds have been seen before, but now a Japanese research team has found another unusual one –almost symmetrical giant streaks– on a planetary scale – in both the northern and southern hemispheres. The findings were published in a newpeer-reviewedpaper in Nature Communications on January 9, 2019.
The discovery comes from data obtained by the spacecraft Akatsuki (Venus Climate Orbiter), which began to orbit Venus in December 2015. The streaks turned up in images taken by the infrared camera called “IR2” that measures wavelengths of 2 um (0.002 mm). This camera can penetrate the upper cloud layers to see the detailed morphology of the lower cloud levels, about 30 miles (50 km) from the surface. The research team was led by Project Assistant Professor Hiroki Kashimura at Kobe University, Graduate School of Science.
Diagram depicting the formation mechanisms for the streaks. Image via Nature Communications paper.
The infrared data from Akatsuki was combined with a new supercomputer program called AFES-Venus, used for calculating simulations of Venus’ atmosphere, based on the version used for Earth – Atmospheric general circulation model For the Earth Simulator (AFES). The process is similar to how atmospheric phenomena on Earth are researched and predicted, although for Venus, the perpetual cloud cover makes it more difficult.
The infrared images from Akatsuki’s IR2 camera were compared with the high-resolution simulations from the AFES-Venus program. When this was done, the streaks became evident for the first time ever. Each streak is immense – hundreds of kilometers wide and stretching diagonally for almost 10,000 kilometers (6,200 miles), in each hemisphere.
It is likely that this is an atmospheric phenomenon unique to Venus, since it has never been observed on Earth.
Venus as seen in ultraviolet light by the Akatsuki orbiter, showing the complex weather patterns in the atmosphere.
Image via JAXA/ISIS/DARTS/Damia Bouic.
So what is causing these giant streaks? Again, the answer lies in a similar atmospheric phenomenon on Earth – polar jet streams, combined with atmospheric waves and baroclinic instability (large-scale dynamic winds). This is similar to Earth, where large-scale dynamic winds form extratropical cyclones, migratory high-pressure systems and polar jet streams. On Venus, the atmospheric waves, caused by large-scale atmospheric flows and the planetary rotation effect (Rossby wave), create large vortexes across the equator to latitudes of 60 degrees in both directions. Jet streams then cause those vortexes to massively stretch and tilt, forming the streaks.
These new studies also show how Venus’ atmosphere and climate can now be studied more as an actual three-dimensional structure rather than just in two dimensions, “from east to west,” as before.
In regular visible light, Venus’ clouds are a lot blander appearing, as seen in this image from Mariner 10 in 1974.
Image via Mattias Malmer/NASA.
While these atmospheric processes are similar to ones on Earth, Venus is still a very different world in other ways. Although it is almost the same size, the surface pressure is similar to the crushing pressures deep in Earth’s oceans and the temperatures are hot enough to melt lead – up to 860 degrees Fahrenheit (460 degrees Celsius). The thick clouds are composed largely of sulfuric acid. Not exactly a life-friendly environment, although conditions in the upper atmosphere are actually much more comfortable, with temperatures and pressures similar to Earth. There have even been some studies showing that microbes could easily exist there and couldeven explain unusual dark patches in the upper atmosphere that change over time, although a lot more investigation needs to be done to determine whether that is the case – or not.
Bottom line: New observations from Akatsuki, combined with advanced supercomputer simulations, show how atmospheric processes on Venus are both similar to and different from those on Earth. The giant streaks seem to be unique to Venus, although their formation is caused by atmospheric conditions similar to ones seen on Earth.
Data from NASA's AIM spacecraft show that noctilucent clouds are like a great "geophysical light bulb." They turn on every year in late spring, reaching almost full intensity over a period of no more than 5 to 10 days.
News flash: The bulb is glowing.
A new ScienceCast video explores the noctilucent clouds now swirling over Antarctica. Play it
As December unfolds, a vast bank of noctilucent clouds is blanketing Antarctica. It started on Nov. 20th as a tiny puff of electric-blue and quickly expanded to overlie nearly the entire continent. AIM is monitoring the progress of the clouds as they swirl and ripple around the south pole.
"The clouds appeared over the south pole earlier than usual this year," says AIM science team member Cora Randall of the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics in Colorado. "Since AIM was launched, only the 2009 season got an earlier start.
Click on the image to watch the "geophysical light bulb" turn on over Antarctica.
Noctilucent clouds--or "NLCs" for short--are Earth's highest clouds. Seeded by disintegrating meteoroids, they form at the edge of space 83 km above Earth's surface. When sunlight hits the tiny ice crystals that make up these clouds, they appear to glow electric blue.
Summer is when NLCs are at their brightest and most widespread. Now is summer in the southern hemisphere. The clouds brighten over the south pole in November through February, and shift to the north pole in May through August.
Why summer? The answer has to do with wind patterns and the flow of humidity in our atmosphere. Summer happens to be the time when the greatest number of water molecules are wafted up from the lower atmosphere to mix with "meteor smoke" at the edge of space. Ironically, summer is also the time when the upper atmosphere is coldest, allowing the ice crystals of NLCs to form.
In recent years NLCs have intensified and spread. When noctilucent clouds first appeared in the 19th century, you had to travel to polar regions to see them. Since the turn of the century, however, they have been sighted as close to the equator as Colorado and Utah.
Some researchers believe this is a sign of climate change. One of the greenhouse gases that has become more abundant in Earth's atmosphere since the 19th century is methane.
"When methane makes its way into the upper atmosphere, it is oxidized by a complex series of reactions to form water vapor," explains Hampton University Professor James Russell, the principal investigator of AIM. "This extra water vapor is then available to grow ice crystals for NLCs."
A graphic prepared by Prof. James Russell of Hampton University shows how methane, a greenhouse gas, boosts the abundance of water at the top of Earth's atmosphere. This water freezes around "meteor smoke" to form icy noctilucent clouds. [Larger image]
If this idea, one of several, is correct, noctilucent clouds are a sort of "canary in a coal mine" for one of the most important greenhouse gases. And that, says Russell, is a great reason to study them.
Studying NLCs is the prime mission of the AIM spacecraft. Since it was launched in 2007, AIM has made many key discoveries including the role of meteor dust in seeding NLCs and the way NLCs are affected by long-distance teleconnections in the atmosphere. More discoveries may be in the offing as NASA has just extended the mission for another two years.
A Ron Miller illustration: the extraterrestrial fish.
CREDIT: RON MILLER
A buzzing phone brings Ron Miller back to Earth.
Till then, his mind was decidedly elsewhere—on the alien world HD 219134 b, 120 trillion miles from his artist’s studio in South Boston, Virginia.
“A great big rocky planet,” he says. “I was working on it when you called.”
Orbiting an ancient star in the constellation of Cassiopeia, HD 219134 b is colossal indeed, about four times the mass of Earth. The ground, Miller says, is “covered with dense aluminum compounds.” Gemstones, maybe? Scratch the otherworldly surface, he supposes, and perhaps the topsoil is crusted and dusted with “sapphire and rubies.”
That notion in tow, his stylus in hand, and a five-year-old version of Photoshop in place, Miller conjures up a bejeweled landscape in a couple of days. He finalized HD 219134 b just before 2019 arrived, his 47th year drawing the surreal estate in outer space. His illustrations, in more than 60 books and hundreds of magazines (Astronomy, National Geographic, Scientific American), number in the thousands. It never gets old, he says: “Half the fun is trying something new and seeing what happens. Every picture is a surprise to me.”
HD 219134 b, the "Sapphire Planet."
CREDIT: RON MILLER
Miller's interpretation of life on a high-gravity world.
CREDIT: RON MILLER
Miller’s formative years were in the fifties. “The golden age of space,” he says. “Books and magazines about spaceships and rockets were everywhere. Public interest in space flight was intense.” Sputnik launched when he was ten, NASA commenced one year later; he watched Space Patrol on television, Forbidden Planet at the theater. Miller was captivated, but a career in science was out. “I wasn’t good at math,” he says. But he could draw, and his first sketches were “rocket ships and the moon.”
Eventually he drew the solar system: Jovian clouds, Plutonian cliffs, dust devils on Mars, the volcanoes of Venus. Saturn’s moons appear in 84 of his illustrations. Enceladus is a favorite, a tiny satellite about the size of New Mexico. Scientists say Enceladus shelters a salty subsurface ocean, and some sort of life—maybe microbial, maybe something more sophisticated—might swim in its mysterious deep. Miller’s drawings of the moon depict a geologically-dynamic world of fountains, fissures, springs, and snowfalls. “I love doing Enceladus pictures,” he understates.
Exploring the Saturn moon Enceladus.
CREDIT: RON MILLER
Two decades ago, astronomers found the first exoplanets. Suddenly, whole new worlds opened up for Miller. Yet even today, exoplanets remain an enigma. “In most cases, all we really know is that the planet is there,” he says. “You have a rough idea of its size and distance from its star. And that’s about it.” Miller’s ingenuity fills in the blanks, a blend of science and supposition. “With exoplanets, there’s a lot of leeway,” he says. “But the picture has to be plausible.”
Something else changed too, this about a dozen years ago: Miller switched—with hesitation at first—from acrylics to digital. “I’m still drawing and painting,” he says, “but now there’s no paint at all. The cleaning and changing and fixing and mixing—the mechanical stuff that’s not creative—that’s all eliminated.” Now, in the same time he’d spend on a “traditional painting,” a piece “with twice the detail, that’s twice as finished” emerges.
Reminiscent of the California coast, Miller's concept of alien life on GJ 1214 b, an exoplanet 48 light years away.
CREDIT: RON MILLER
Thoreau would have enjoyed this: Miller's impression of a life-friendly world orbiting a Sun-like star.
CREDIT: RON MILLER
Extraterrestrial life, he believes, exists. Some might reside on Earth analogues. Miller’s rendering of a rocky beach on GJ 1214 b resembles the coast along Malibu. A habitable zone planet festooned with vegetation evokes Walden Pond. (Thoreau, however, likely never considered a chartreuse sky.) Big monsters seldom appear in Miller’s art, with notably spooky exceptions. Balloon-like creatures, tentacles dangling, drift through the dark firmament of a gas giant; an alien fish, a scary fusion of squid and shark, leaps from a cold green sea. The stunning images arouse an awe that commingles with terror. But Miller—perhaps understating again—brushes accolades aside: “I don’t draw animals very well. I can’t do a horse to save my life.”
An alien life form floating through the clouds of a gas giant planet.
CREDIT: RON MILLER
Life on a low-gravity world.
CREDIT: RON MILLER
At 71, he has no plans to retire. “I try to incorporate in the next picture what I didn’t do in the last one,” he says. “There’s always something I could’ve done a little bit better.” Certainly, the universe offers plenty of opportunity for practice. At last look, NASA has confirmed 3,872 exoplanets, with billions more out there. Art, says Miller, is “a learning process that never ends.” Science is much the same. With golden days here again, Ron Miller’s just getting started.
Miller's illustration of 47 Ursae Majoris b.
CREDIT: RON MILLER
Friend me on Facebook and follow me on Twitter @BillRford. "Little Green Men," my prize-winning thesis, now an Amazon Kindle Single, is here.
Plans for a European base on the moon have taken a major step forward.
The European Space Agency revealed it has signed up rocket maker ArianeGroup to develop plans for a moon base that could be used to mine material from the lunar surface.
The project will 'examine the possibility of going to the Moon before 2025 and starting to work there' - and could trigger a new space race as countries rush to harness lunar resources.
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The European Space Agency revealed it has signed up rocket maker ArianeGroup to develop plans for a moon base that could be used to mine material from the lunar surface. The project will 'examine the possibility of going to the Moon before 2025 and starting to work there'. Industrial partners including renowned architects Foster+Partners have already worked with ESA to test the feasibility of 3D printing using lunar soil to create moon bases.
The one-year contract aims to eventually mine regolith on the lunar surface.
'As ESA and other agencies prepare to send humans back to the Moon – this time to stay – technologies that make use of materials available in space (in-situ resource utilisation) are seen as key to sustainability, and a stepping stone in humankind's adventure to Mars and farther into the Solar System,' the space agency said.
'In the longer term, resources in space may even be used on Earth.'
'Regolith is an ore from which it is possible to extract water and oxygen, thus enabling an independent human presence on the Moon to be envisaged, capable of producing the fuel needed for more distant exploratory missions, ESA says.
Ariane is hoping Ariane 64, the 4-booster version of Ariane 6, would enable this European mission to carry the equipment needed for a Moon landing.
'The use of space resources could be a key to sustainable lunar exploration and this study is part of ESA's comprehensive plan to make Europe a partner in global exploration in the next decade - a plan we will put to our Ministers for decision later this year at the Space19+ Conference.' added Dr. David Parker; Director, Human and Robotic Exploration at ESA.
The mission will pit Europe against the US, Russia and China, all of whom are developing moon missions.
Last year NASA revealed plans to take America back to the moon - but will rely on private firms to run the missions.
The space agency plans to work with nine private firms, ranging from small startups to giants like Lockheed Martin, to develop robotic landers and systems to mine the natural resources on the moon.
This will help develop the technology need for eventual manned missions, and NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine pledged to have a manned lunar base within a decade.
Ariane is hoping Ariane 64, the 4-booster version of Ariane 6, would enable this European mission to carry the equipment needed for a Moon landing.
It is also working with a German start-up, PTScientists, which will provide the lunar lander, and a Belgian SME, Space Applications Services, which will provide the ground control facilities, the communications and the associated service operations.
WHAT ARE EUROPE'S PLAN FOR A MOON BASE?
In 2016, the head of the ESA elaborated on plans to build a village on the moon, designed by London firm Foster + Partners.
'The future of space travel needs a new vision,' said Jan Woerner.
The concept is a base for lunar exploration by humans and robots, which would act as a stopover for spacecraft, and become a 'village' with mining and even tourism.
Multi-dome lunar base being constructed, based on the 3D printing concept. Once assembled, the inflated domes are covered with a layer of 3D-printed lunar regolith by robots to help protect the occupants against space radiation and micrometeoroids
'Right now we have the Space Station as a common international project, but it won't last forever,' said Woerner.
'If I say Moon Village, it does not mean single houses, a church, a town hall and so on. No, that would be misleading.
'My idea only deals with the core of the concept of a village: people working and living together in the same place.
'And this place would be on the moon.
'In the Moon Village we would like to combine the capabilities of different spacefaring nations, with the help of robots and astronauts.
Structures for a lunar base could be built by robots sent ahead of human astronauts. Experts said 3D printing technology can currently construct an entire building in around a week
'The participants can work in different fields, perhaps they will conduct pure science and perhaps there will even be business ventures like mining or tourism.'
Woerner said the village could even help man get to Mars.
'The Moon Village would also act as a 'pit stop' for the further exploration of the Universe,' he said.
'Esa is eager to fly to Mars as well.
For ESA's 3D-printed lunar base concept, Foster+Partners devised a weight-bearing ‘catenary’ dome design with a cellular structured wall to shield against micrometeoroids and space radiation, incorporating a pressurised inflatable to shelter astronauts
'For more than a decade, we have had a very successful spacecraft orbiting there. And now, with ExoMars, two unmanned missions are aiming at martian orbit and the surface.
'Yes, the Americans want to send astronauts to Mars one day, but today's technology isn't prepared for this trip yet.
'For example, we must develop countermeasures against the cosmic radiation that endangers the health of humans on long space trips. And we have to learn how to endure longer periods of time in space, not only in low orbit as on the Space Station.
'This is where our Moon comes into play – it is the perfect stepping stone to Mars.'
The space agency has been touting the permanent lunar colony as a replacement for the orbiting International Space Station, which is due to be decommissioned in 2024
'This first contract – symbolically announced on the day of a lunar eclipse – is a milestone for ArianeGroup, which has for a long time been working on technological proposals for space logistics servicing,' explained André-Hubert Roussel, CEO of ArianeGroup.
'It is also an opportunity to recall the ability of Ariane 64 to carry out Moon missions for its institutional customers, with a payload capacity of up to 8.5 metric tons.'
Researchers are planning to recreate the conditions of the lunar surface right here at home. A new facility in the works at ESA's Astronaut Centre in Cologne, Germany will soon serve as a three-part moon analogue environment on Earth. Artist's impression of the facility. Its final design has not yet been finalised.
Researchers are creating a lunar dust substitute from volcanic powder produced by eruptions at the nearby Eifel volcanic region 45 million years ago
A new facility in the works at ESA's Astronaut Centre in Cologne, Germany will soon serve as a three-part moon analogue environment on Earth, the agency announced this month.
There, scientists will simulate lunar soil and a moon habitat, powered by systems that could one day be used to support a real base on the moon.
The new facility will be known as Luna, and will take up 1,000 square meters at the Astronaut Centre.
This will pave the way for future explorations to the surface of the moon, which numerous agencies around the world are now working to achieve.
'The moon is a major focus for ESA and the next step for human exploration,' said ESA project manager for strategic planning and future development, Andreas Diekmann.
'Developed in partnership with DLR, Luna will help us build our expertise, prepare for missions to the moon and provide a platform for researchers across Europe to test technology and procedures.'
Researchers are creating a lunar dust substitute from volcanic powder produced by eruptions at the nearby Eifel volcanic region 45 million years ago.
The moon habitat known as FlexHab (Future Lunar Exploration Habitat) is intended to be operational by the end of this year.
Once it's finished, astronauts will live and work there, in a space roughly the size of a shipping container.
The space agency is currently eyeing solar energy as the most sustainable way to power operations on the moon.
'During the lunar day, energy from the Sun will be used directly via photovoltaic panels, but it will also be used to split water into hydrogen and oxygen,' ESA says.
'These two elements will then be stored separately before being recombined in a fuel cell for use during the two-week-long lunar nights.'
NASA has also recently ramped up its efforts to get astronauts back to the moon, decades after the final landing of the historic Apollo missions.
The space agency is currently planning to get humans on the lunar surface no later than the 2020s, and set up an orbiting outpost by 2023.
These goals rely on recent advances in commercial space operations and the upcoming Orion spacecraft and Space Launch System rocket.
'This will be the first chance for the majority of people alive today to witness a Moon landing – a moment when, in awe and wonder, the world holds its breath,' NASA said earlier this year.
Saturn hasn't always had rings! Cassini revealed a giant COMET was trapped by the planet only 10 million years ago and broke up to form the iconic rings
Saturn hasn't always had rings! Cassini revealed a giant COMET was trapped by the planet only 10 million years ago and broke up to form the iconic rings
Saturn's rings are one of the most iconic features of the Solar System
The large rings have long been a subject of much mystery to astronomers
Scientists now think they formed as recently as 10 million years ago
A comet is believed to have got trapped by Saturn's gravity and broke up
Saturn is as famous for its spectacular white rings as for its 62 moons.
But the gas giant's rings, familiar to every schoolchild, probably did not form 4.5 billion years ago with the birth of our solar system.
In fact, they may have been created when dinosaurs still roamed the Earth.
Scientists now believe Saturn's rings may have formed as recently as 10 million years ago, when an icy comet was sucked into the planet's orbit and pulled apart by its enormous gravity field.
Scientists now believe Saturn's rings may have formed as recently as 10 million years ago. A comet is believed to have got trapped by Saturn's gravity and broke up over time
It means our solar system may still have been capable of massive change relatively recently, and Earth could one day end up with its own spectacular rings.
Saturn's rings have long been a subject of fascination, as they contain particles which range from tiny specks of ice to boulders as big as houses.
But it took the famous spacecraft Cassini to answer the question of how old they may be.
In its 2017 Grand Finale, after 13 years of exploring Saturn, the spacecraft made 22 dives between Saturn's rings before ending its mission and burning up in its atmosphere.
The spectacular flyby gave scientists the readings they needed to estimate the mass of the rings.
The ring colour gets slightly darker with time as fragments of rock from passing meteors attach to their icy surfaces, allowing experts to estimate how long they have been growing for.
The conclusion, published in the journal Science, is that Saturn's rings are only between 10 and 100 million years old and thus much younger than the planet itself, which formed with the solar system 4.5 billion years ago.
Burkhard Militzer, professor of earth and planetary science at the University of California, Berkeley, who was a co-author of the study, said: 'Like many others, I grew up believing that Saturn's rings were as old as it was, but now it seems that is wrong.
'The drastic impact with a comet which we believe happened came really not all that long ago.
'We believe it is around the time that an asteroid impact may have wiped out the dinosaurs, suggesting the solar system is not quite the quiet place we may have thought.'
Cassini effectively acted as gravity probe, diving inside the rings of Saturn. It is a dangerous trip, with the spacecraft at risk of being hit with boulders from the rings.
However the journey allowed the first mass measurement of the amount of material they rings contain, based on the strength of their gravitational pull.
Scientists now believe Saturn's rings may have formed as recently as 10 million years ago, when an icy comet was sucked into the planet's orbit and pulled apart by its enormous gravity field
This view from Cassini spacecraft shows a wave structure in Saturn's rings known as the Janus 2:1 spiral density wave.The iconic rings were not always found around the planet, the researchers found
The estimate is that the rings have about two-fifths of the mass of Saturn's moon Mimas, which is itself 2,000 times lighter than Earth's moon.
That could settle a long-running argument among planetary scientists, some of whom believed the rings formed when Saturn did, while others thought them younger.
Findings suggest the rings are very young and came from an icy comet, which may have entered Saturn's orbit from the Kuiper belt on the outskirts of the solar system.
The comet would have been pulled apart into rubble, forming the rings.
Alternatively the rings may have been created when two or more moons collided, with the rings being made of left over debris.
This image from Nasa is the highest-resolution colour images of any part of Saturn's rings to date, showing a portion of the inner-central part of the planet's B Ring. Saturn's rings are only between 10 and 100 million years old and thus much younger than the planet itself
Artist's concept of the Cassini spacecraft shown against a real photo of Saturn and its rings as Cassini crossed the ring plane. Cassini effectively acted as gravity probe, diving inside the rings of Saturn. It is a dangerous trip, with the spacecraft at risk of being hit with boulders from the rings
John Zarnecki, emeritus professor of space science at the Open University, said: 'Saturn's rings are one of the wonders of the solar system.
Anyone who has seen them through a small telescope can't fail to be amazed.
'Although not yet definitive, these results strongly suggest that the rings are young in the context of 4.5 billion-year-old Saturn.
'The interesting part is that this could also happen to Earth, with a comet capable of creating rings on this planet. However we probably wouldn't be around to see them as the impact might be calamitous to life on Earth.'
Meanwhile the moon will turn red next week in what may be Britain's last total lunar eclipse or a decade
That is because the UK will not be on the right side of the planet to see the full eclipse until 2029.
The moon will temporarily change to a reddish colour on Monday morning.
Dr Robert Massey, deputy executive director of the Royal Astronomical Society, said: 'A lunar eclipse is an absolutely fantastic sight and the red orb will make for some fantastic photo opportunities.'
WHAT DID CASSINI DISCOVER DURING ITS 20-YEAR MISSION IN SPACE?
Cassini launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida in 1997, then spent seven years in transit followed by 13 years orbiting Saturn.
An artist's impression of the Cassini spacecraft studying Saturn
In 2000 it spent six months studying Jupiter before reaching Saturn in 2004.
In that time, it discovered six more moons around Saturn, three-dimensional structures towering above Saturn's rings, and a giant storm that raged across the planet for nearly a year.
On 13 December 2004 it made its first flyby of Saturn's moons Titan and Dione.
On 24 December it released the European Space Agency-built Huygens probe on Saturn's moon Titan to study its atmosphere and surface composition.
There it discovered eerie hydrocarbon lakes made from ethane and methane.
In 2008, Cassini completed its primary mission to explore the Saturn system and began its mission extension (the Cassini Equinox Mission).
In 2010 it began its second mission (Cassini Solstice Mission) which lasted until it exploded in Saturn's atmosphere.
In December 2011, Cassini obtained the highest resolution images of Saturn's moon Enceladus.
In December of the following year it tracked the transit of Venus to test the feasibility of observing planets outside our solar system.
In March 2013 Cassini made the last flyby of Saturn's moon Rhea and measured its internal structure and gravitational pull.
Cassini didn't just study Saturn - it also captured incredible views of its many moons. In the image above, Saturn's moon Enceladus can be seen drifting before the rings and the tiny moon Pandora. It was captured on Nov. 1, 2009, with the entire scene is backlit by the Sun
In July of that year Cassini captured a black-lit Saturn to examine the rings in fine detail and also captured an image of Earth.
In April of this year it completed its closest flyby of Titan and started its Grande Finale orbit which finished on September 15.
'The mission has changed the way we think of where life may have developed beyond our Earth,' said Andrew Coates, head of the Planetary Science Group at Mullard Space Science Laboratory at University College London.
'As well as Mars, outer planet moons like Enceladus, Europa and even Titan are now top contenders for life elsewhere,' he added. 'We've completely rewritten the textbooks about Saturn.'
A new analysis of gravity science data from the Cassinispacecraft’s last ultra-close flybys of Saturn in 2017 suggests the planet’s iconic rings are only 10 to 100 million years old. From our planet’s perspective, that means Saturn’s rings may have formed during the age of the dinosaurs.
The findings,publishedJanuary 17, 2019, in thepeer-reviewedjournal Science, support the hypothesis that the rings are rubble from a comet or Kuiper Belt object captured late in Saturn’s history.
Last month we reported on new research confirming that Saturn will lose its rings in about 300 million years, or even sooner. Saturn formed 4.5 billion years ago, in the early years of our solar system. The new research says Saturn was ringless for most of its history and the ring system is a young upstart that attached to Saturn much later.
Artist’s concept of the Cassini orbiter crossing Saturn’s ring plane. New measurements of the rings’ mass give scientists the best answer yet to the question of their age.
One of the last acts of NASA’s Cassini spacecraft before its 2017 death plunge into Saturn’s hydrogen and helium atmosphere was to coast between the planet and its rings and let them tug it around, essentially acting as a gravity probe. Precise measurements of Cassini’s final trajectory have now allowed scientists to make the first accurate estimate of the amount of material in the planet’s rings, weighing them based on the strength of their gravitational pull.
Once scientists knew how much gravity was pulling on Cassini, causing it to accelerate – down to a fraction of a millimeter per second – they could determine how massive the planet is and how massive the rings are.
Cassini radio science team member Luciano Iess is the study lead author. Iess said in a statement:
Only by getting so close to Saturn in Cassini’s final orbits were we able to gather the measurements to make the new discoveries.
Their estimate — about 40 percent of the mass of Saturn’s moon Mimas, which itself is 2,000 times smaller than Earth’s moon — tells them that the rings are relatively recent, having originated less than 100 million years ago and perhaps as recently as 10 million years ago.
According to a statement from University of California Berkeley about the findings:
[The rings’] young age puts to rest a long-running argument among planetary scientists. Some thought that the rings formed along with the planet 4.5 billion years ago from icy debris remaining in orbit after the formation of the solar system. Others thought the rings were very young and that Saturn had, at some point, captured an object from the Kuiper belt or a comet and gradually reduced it to orbiting rubble.
Read more here about how the astronomers did the calculations to figure out the age of the rings.
The new calculation builds on a connection scientists previously made between the mass of the rings and their age. Lower mass points to a younger age, because the rings, which are bright and mostly made of ice, would have been contaminated and darkened by interplanetary debris over a longer period. With a better calculation of ring mass, scientists were better able to estimate the rings’ age.
The study authors say that the new evidence of young rings lends credence to theories that they formed from a comet that wandered too close and was torn apart by Saturn’s gravity – or by an event that broke up an earlier generation of icy moons.
Cassini’s mission ended in September 2017, when it was low on fuel and deliberately plunged into Saturn’s atmosphere to protect the planet’s moons.
Bottom line: A new study using data from the Cassini spacecraft’s 2017 flybys of Saturn suggests the planet’s iconic rings are only 10 to 100 million years old.
Incredible Footage of Antigravity Craft Going 3.5 Miles Per Second!
Incredible Footage of Antigravity Craft Going 3.5 Miles Per Second!
Corey Goode explaining the technology hidden in the secret space program.
On January 9, 2019 Sam Chortek and Jimmy Chappie released incredible high resolution footage of a UFO taken from a drone at 60 frames per second. They were out in Utah taking landscape shots for a movie and didn’t even notice what they had captured until the footage was gone through later. The drone operator was shocked at what you’ll see in this video! The craft was traveling approximately 3.5 miles per second! At this speed you could get to the Moon in about 18 hours but I’m sure this craft can go much faster than it was going so close to the Earth! You could have been looking right at it and missed it! It was really a miracle this drone just happened to be pointing in the right direction to capture this craft at high resolution and 60 frames per second so it could be slowed down.
I believe this small craft probably was developed in the secret space program. This could be the private space space vehicle of some cabal person for all I know. The second video has a good slideshow with Corey Goode going over what technology has been hidden from us in the secret space program. I could do without the new age jargon of ascending, meditation and all that garbage but the beginning of the video is very good at explaining what has been done without our knowledge. Only calling for help in the name of Jesus stops all alien abductions as you’ll see in this video! You should never fear aliens as long as you believe in Jesus! You have authority over all of them through your faith in Christ.
Clearly the cabal is working with aliens who are all demonic beings. They always push the lie that they modified our DNA or created us because if they can get you to doubt the Bible, they have your soul. Trust in Jesus only but beware of the lies we’ve been told. I believe the only thing stopping the demonic aliens from landing openly on Earth is the Christians who would pray them away! Have you noticed that all the people in the secret space program never talk about Jesus? Why is this? I think it’s because they mind control them or only get people who they can make sure will not use their power and authority through Christ on the demonic aliens. Aliens can do whatever they want to an atheist or a “new ager” or a Muslim but they have no power at all on a Christian! Jesus is the key and it’s why the cabal of filth always want to kill Christians. The aliens will never freely walk the planet until the Christians are all dead or in jail!
Linda Moulton Howe: They Are Doing Something Different and No One Can Explain It
Linda Moulton Howe: They Are Doing Something Different and No One Can Explain It
Linda will present her incredibly in-depth investigation of high strangeness cases that involve different non-human beings and alien communications.
Human experiencers have returned from missing time episodes in which hypnosis or spontaneous recall reveals information about E.T. manipulation of timelines, other dimensions, genetics, soul and body relationships and resurrection technology.
Linda Moulton Howe’s program will include dozens of illustrations done by human experiencers about the alien presence with which they have interacted, along with audio interviews and video..
KARACHI - Authorities started an investigation about an Unidentified Flying Object (UFO) which was spotted by a Pakistani pilot during a routine flight in Karachi air space here on Friday.
The pilot, who was flying PIA flight PK 536, found UFO that was flying higher than the aircraft. On this, he alerted the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) about the situation and then CAA reported to the police for further investigation, Propakistani reported while quoting sources.
After the aircraft was airborne at a distance of 4.7 nautical miles and an altitude 4,300 feet, the pilot spotted a flying object (FO) about 105 feet above the aircraft and reported this to Air Traffic Control (ATC) Karachi, the tech website report added.
“I {pilot} saw a FO which was flying about 150 feet above our aircraft. The FO is dark brown or black in color and looks like a spaceship,” he said to the ATC.
After this, the pilot changed the flight path and continued flying to his destination. This report caused a panic in the aviation industry. Authorities suspected that the FO was a land operated drone.
On this suspicion, the CAA reported the incident to the police and asked them to search the area. A police party in the command of SSP Malir Irfan Bahadur started the investigation and searching the area.
“If this was a land operated drone it could come from Super Highway area. Police started the search operation to identify any activity related to this drone.” Irfan Bahadur told.
It is worth mentioning here that the UFO was spotted in the same area where the laser beam incident was reported by the pilots.
This UFO could be a weather balloon because Pakistan Meteorology (Met) Department launches balloons in the air to collect weather data. These balloons are sent in the air four times in 24 hours. In the evening, Met officers launched the balloon in the air at 5:00pm.
Abdul Rasheed, a local meteorologist told the reporter that these balloons can go as high as 10 miles. But, he ruled out the possibility that the UFO was a weather forecasting balloon.
“Weather forecasting is part of pilots’ training and they are familiar with these kinds of balloons,” Rasheed added.
However, it is unclear whether it was a weather balloon or something else as police and other investigation agencies are didn’t reach the real fact till filling of this news.
Further, the pilot did not take a picture of the UFO.
Het object is donkerbruin of zwart van kleur en lijkt op een ruimteschip. UFO gezien door piloot, Pakistan stelt onderzoek in
Foto: Russavia Wikimedia Commons
Het object is donkerbruin of zwart van kleur en lijkt op een ruimteschip. UFO gezien door piloot, Pakistan stelt onderzoek in
De Pakistaanse autoriteiten hebben een onderzoek ingesteld naar een UFO die vorige week vrijdag nabij Karachi is gespot door een piloot. Dat schrijft de krant Daily Pakistan.
De piloot van Pakistan International Airlines zag tijdens zijn vlucht een UFO die boven zijn toestel vloog.
Hij nam vervolgens contact op met de burgerluchtvaartautoriteit, waarna de politie een onderzoek instelde.
Ruimteschip
De piloot vloog op een hoogte van 1300 meter, toen hij op zo’n 45 meter boven zijn vliegtuig een onbekend vliegend object waarnam.
Tegen de luchtverkeersleiding in Karachi zei hij: “Ik zag een vliegend object op 45 meter boven ons vliegtuig. Het vliegende object is donkerbruin of zwart van kleur en lijkt op een ruimteschip.”
De piloot kreeg opdracht om van koers te veranderen.
Paniek
De melding heeft volgens de krant geleid tot paniek binnen de luchtvaartindustrie.
Meteoroloog Abdul Rasheed zei dat het uitgesloten is dat de UFO een weerballon was.
“Weersvoorspellingen zijn onderdeel van de training van piloten en zij zijn bekend met dit soort ballonnen,” zei hij.
Onduidelijk
Het is onduidelijk wat het dan wel is geweest. Het onderzoek van de politie en andere betrokken diensten loopt nog.
De piloot heeft naar verluidt geen foto gemaakt van de UFO.
Over the last week, residents of Kingston, Ontario have observed an unidentified aircraft seemingly circling the city. While many of the city’s residents have heard the craft, few have actually seen it. The aircraft mostly flies at night seemingly without navigation lights, and many eyewitnesses report a strange red glow coming from the craft, likely from the instrument panel. While most observers suspect the aircraft is operated by either the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), Canadian Security Intelligence, or Royal Canadian Air Force, but all agencies have denied any knowledge of the craft. What might the plane be doing up there, and who is behind this mysterious operation?
Kingston is found on the shores of Lake Ontario at the mouth of the St. Lawrence River.
While we might not be any closer to answering those questions, the mystery aircraft has finally been caught on film. According to the Kingston Whig Standard, a “local aircraft enthusiast” spotted the craft on January 13 and managed to get a photo of it. Neil Aird, a member of the real-time flight-tracking site Flightradar24, says he was plane spotting when he heard the mystery craft and was lucky enough to catch a glimpse long enough to snap a photograph:
As an aircraft enthusiast, not being able to see the plane but constantly hear it really is annoying. t took me a while to get [the photo]. When I took that picture, I was actually looking for another aircraft, a [Bombardier] Dash 8, but then it flew across my binoculars and I thought: ‘Aha! Gotcha.’
Aird says the craft appears to be a Pilatus PC-12, a single-engine passenger and cargo aircraft, and operates under the call sign C-GMPB PC-12 according to his own personal radar. That call sign is consistent with the appearance of the craft and oddly enough, the RCMP owns one. Mystery solved?
A Pilatus PC-12
Not quite. A spokesperson for Kingston’s Norman Rogers Airport says they don’t know anything about the craft, and when asked for comment the RCMP issued another vague boilerplate statement in which they neither confirm nor deny the craft:
The RCMP’s primary concern is the safety and security of Canadians. We have multiple aircraft that support our mandate in Ontario and elsewhere in the country. To maintain the integrity of our investigations and operations, the location of our aircraft is not disclosed. We therefore have no additional information to share with you at this time.
It certainly seems as if someone is flying around in one of the RCMP’s aircraft, but what’s it doing up there? What’s going on in Kingston, Ontario that would require such secrecy?
Over the course of the last couple of weeks, I’ve posted a number of article here at Mysterious Universeon Area 51. Now, it’s time to wrap things up with what we know and what we might think we know about the tales of the base. It has, for sure, been a winding and twisting story. And a highly conspiratorial one, too. It’s also a story filled with facts that may well be fiction, and tales that sound like fiction, but which just might be filled with incredible truths. Add to all of that, cloak-and-dagger characters who prefer to stay in the shadows, but who claim to know a great deal and occasionally reveal it, disinformation experts, counterintelligence personnel, and a host of figures who suggest that there really might be an extraterrestrial presence at Area 51, and what we have is a story that truly boggles the mind. Perhaps those in charge of Area 51 want our minds boggled. After all, a state of confusion might be the perfect way to keep people away from the truth and have them focused on conspiracies that may not actually be real. Let’s take a look at what we know for sure.
It is a fact that the origins of what eventually became Area 51 date back to the early years of the Second World War. The Nevada Test and Training Range soon came to fruition and planted the seeds for what would come in the mid-1950s: Area 51. Highly advanced aircraft, such as the U-2, the SR-71 Blackbird, the Stealth Fighter and the Stealth Bomber were all secretly test-flown from Area 51. Probably the near-legendary Aurora, too. In that sense, many might say, there is no doubt that Area 51 has a valid reason for keeping just about everything under wraps. Indeed, considering the fact that those aforementioned aircraft were being built, tested, and flown when the Cold War was still in place and the Soviet Union had still yet to fall, one can easily see why measures would be taken to ensure that the U.S. Government’s most advanced aircraft would be subject to incredible secrecy. But, is there just too much secrecy for a squadron or several of radical, futuristic aircraft? That depends on who’s version of the “facts” believe.
Air Force U-2
As we have seen, there is one thing – more than any other – that sets Area 51 apart from just about every other military or government facility in the United States: it’s the sheer extent of the government’s determination to make sure that absolutely nothing gets out of Area 51 and no one gets in. Of course, and particularly so in today’s climate of uncertainty and threats of nuclear attacks, everyone needs to be vigilant. And that includes everyone who works at Area 51, too. They are, when all is said and done, just like us, regular people with lives and families. The big difference, though, is that they know the reasons for so much secrecy and we don’t.
It would be hard – in fact, impossible – to find a military installation in the United States that protects its secrets to a greater degree than Area 51. People have been forced to leave their homes and their land – solely due to U.S. Government concerns and worries that those same people just might see something they shouldn’t see. Those who stray too close to portions of the Nevada desert that the staff of Area 51 would prefer to keep under wraps risk large fines, imprisonment and even death, and all in the name of national security. Aircraft are banned from flying close to or over Area 51. They can even be shot down out of the sky, if circumstances dictate and warrant such drastic action. When, in 1974, NASA’s astronauts on-board Skylab took an aerial photo of the base, all hell broke loose in the defense- and intelligence-based communities of the United States. The CIA and the Department of Defense quickly got involved. Major concerns were expressed about how on Earth (or, in this case, off it) such a thing could have happened. Secret files were created, most of which have never publicly surfaced. Motion-detector equipment peppers the landscape. Cameras are everywhere. Guards patrol the local roads for any perceived suspicious characters. Night-vision technology ensures that no-one can penetrate the base in the early hours of the morning.
The government practically refuses to acknowledge not just the existence of Area 51, but even its name. That same government refused to offer help on the 1996 movie Independence Day, and all because a substantial portion of the movie revolved around Area 51 and the 1947 incident at Roswell, New Mexico. All of the above is astonishing. No facility in the United States comes even close to the level of secrecy and paranoia that surrounds Area 51. Which brings up an important question: is all of this overwhelming secrecy just in place to protect next-generation after next-generation of aircraft? Or, are the rumors and the whispers true? You know the ones, of course: the claims that deeply hidden at Area 51 are the remains of the Roswell wreckage, recovered flying saucers, and alien corpses. Maybe, even living aliens are at the base, too.
Regardless of where you, me and everyone else stands on the matter of what goes on at Area 51, there can be no doubt that it is the UFO-driven rumors and revelations which attract so much attention. Certainly, there’s no doubt that it was Bob Lazar who, in the late 1980s, set the wheels in motion for the controversy to begin and for the media and the public to sit up and take notice. And, as we have seen, accounts relative to aliens and UFOs – all in relation to area 51 – abound, and have done so for decades. The so-called “alien interview” footage led many to believe that living aliens are housed somewhere at Area 51. It is, however, garbage. Boyd Bushman told incredible stories of alien life and Area 51 connections. Likely it too was garbage – or disinformation. But, it was Bob Lazar – more than anyone else – who defined the beliefs and suspicions, and who still defines those beliefs and suspicions.
We should note, though, that there are certain threads running through the tales of UFOs at Area 51 that should make us cautious of what we are told. Let’s not forget that Lazar told of how his mind may have been messed with – possibly using updated MK-Ultra-type technologies. Certain portions of his memories were wiped clean. He felt that his very brief glimpse of a small creature at S-4 may have been a staged event; an event designed to make him think that live extraterrestrials were hidden at the base, when they may not have been.
There can be no doubt that the alien angle of the history of Area 51 excites many. Maybe that’s what the government is counting on. After all, not even the power of all the military-, defense-, and intelligence-based agencies in the United States can prevent a few leaks of classified information. So, perhaps to keep eager Ufologists away from stumbling on legitimate covert programs concerned with new aircraft designs, next-generation weapons-systems, mind-control techniques and more of a down to earth nature, they swamp those same Ufologists with enticing tales of extraterrestrial conspiracies and interviews with a sickly creature from another world (that never was).
The mysterious goat-sucker strikes again! As el chupacabracontinues its world tour, it’s clear that no livestock is safe. Around the globe, livestock and other farm animals are being savagely and mysteriously ripped apart, drained of their blood, or otherwise eviscerated. Over the last few years, stories reporting unexplained animal mutilationsappear to be on the rise.While the phenomenon is by no means new, the increasing frequency with which they’re being reported makes it seem like unknown, unseen predators are venturing into new territory in search of fresh meat. What’s behind these killings?
Hopefully this thing.
The latest case of a brutal and unexplained animal mutilation comes from the African nation of Namibia, where shepherds report that close to 30 goats have been found completely drained of their blood. Residents of the villages of Uukwanambwa and Amuteya say that for the past few weeks, some unknown predator has been stalking their goats in the night and somehow sucking all of their blood without spilling a drop.
According to news blog The Namibian, the creature has been seen by a few witnesses who say the animal resembles a large dog:
Two goats died and 10 have holes in the neck and they’re just salivating. We were told not to eat them and to kill the remaining four and burn them. The thing that killed the animals was apparently seen at the neighbour’s house fighting with a dog. Those who have seen them said they look like black dogs.
Local wildlife officials and veterinarians say the animals’ wounds are anomalous and that they’ve never seen anything like them before. Environment ministry deputy director for the north central regions Rehabeam Erckie told AllAfrica.com that “scientifically, these things attacking the goats in that manner are not part of the wildlife we know. We leave room for more investigations.”
Drained blood and missing reproductive organs are common features of these mysterious mutilations.
Are all of these cases of animal mutilations a further indication that things aren’t quite right in the natural world? As climate change, human development, and who knows what else continue to reshape the Earth and the ecosystems that depend on it, it’s natural we’ll start to see new patterns of animal behavior or even new animals emerge from the shadows. When will one of these creatures start preying on humans?
With the recentFOIA release of a list provided to Congresspertaining to the controversial Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP), there has beena lot of resulting buzzabout wormholes, warp drives, and other futuristic concepts pertaining to advanced physics.
Steven Aftergood with the Federation of American Scientists was one of the recipients of the new disclosure, which he posted on the FAS website. In an interview with Motherboard, Aftergood expressed some surprise that the Defense Intelligence Agency would have provided so little financial backing for such disproportionately far-out projects.
“I think anyone who looks at these titles will scratch their heads and wonder what on earth the Defense Intelligence Agency was thinking,” he said. “These are the kinds of topics you pursue when you have more money than you know what to do with.”
Most news outlets that have commented on the release have, as expected, gravitated toward its more sensational aspects. While there is little in the way of direct mention of UFOs in the small batch of documents, a number of physics papers and research studies pertaining to propulsion, cloaking, and other technologies are listed. One might presume such technologies—if they existed in ways that could be practically and efficiently implemented—would be required to account for some of the more compelling UFO observations spanning the last 75 years.
However, what few are talking about in relation to the little breadcrumbs that are finally beginning to appear in relation to AATIP is what it tells us not only about the scope of the program but also the motivations behind it… wherein there are a number of similarities to previous government UFO studies.
One minor detail—but an important one—is the inclusion of the word “and” between “Threat” and “Identification.” In other words, the implication of the new title as referenced by the DIA in their letter to Aftergood (Nick Pope and others received essentially identical FOIA information around the same time) entails Advanced Aerospace Threat AND Identification Program: hence, the objective is not so much “threat identification” as it is an assessment of aerospace-related threats and the identification of advanced aerospace technologies. Yes, it’s a minor point, but one worth noting.
In terms of the financing side of the equation, as Aftergood noted, “These are the kinds of topics you pursue when you have more money than you know what to do with.” The paltry $22 million that was appropriated for the program hardly foots that kind of bill, although the reasons for its allocation are fairly evident. One aspect has to do with the fact that the Congressmen involved with the project—Harry Reid (D, Nevada), the late Ted Stevens (R, Alaska) and the late Daniel Inouye (D, Hawaii)—all had a history of allocating earmarks for their constituencies in their home states.
U.S. Senator Harry Reid.
The other has to do with what the latest FOIA releases show: that the clear areas of focus of the “contract” (as it is referred to in the documents) are in technological areas which, presumably, may have applications for weapons systems or other advancements well outside mere threat assessment and identification of different varieties of “advanced aerospace.”
I recently spoke with Alejandro Rojas, a writer for Open Mindsand arguably one of the more fact-oriented reporters on the UFO subject today, about the new releases. He shared my view that the practical side of government UFO studies—having to do with financial incentives and other advantages a government agency might hope to glean from such investigation—is something that is often under-emphasized, if not overlooked entirely in light of the more sensational implications of unidentified aircraft or other phenomena.
“First of all we live in a world where you’ve gotta make money,” Rojas says. “Any research or scientific research project out there has to have an end game that means profits. And it’s rare that you get research in areas that don’t have that.
“Sometimes government does need to step in for that reason: corporations don’t see that they can make a profit off of the medicine. We’ve seen this even in cancer research, where they think, ‘we’re not sure we can make money off of this medicine, even though it may help people.’ So the government has to step in to fund that sort of research because its gotta make money.”
“It’s got to have a purpose; it’s got to have a benefit. It can’t be science for science’s sake. Unfortunately, that’s frustrating for scientists… Then you have to play the politics game.”
Journalist Alejandro Rojas at Devils Tower, Wyoming
(photo by the author).
Rojas and I also spoke about past government studies in relation to this, most notably the U.S. Air Force’s Project Blue Book, and how it contrasts with the present AATIP program and its apparent areas of focus.
“In Project Blue Book they said they were researching potential threats caused by UFOs, essentially, and they determined there was no threat posed by the phenomenon,” Rojas said. “Which is interesting in itself because it does seem that that’s true. I mean, even with the Nimitz situation (see the U.S.S. Nimitz Incident, as recounted by pilot Dave Fravor) they’re chasing something around, but in none of the Blue Book cases does a threat seem to be posed.”
Rojas, who has spoken in the past with Luis Elizando, former head of the Pentagon study associated with AATIP, notes that Elizondo describes the ideology of the AATIP program slightly differently from its earlier government predecessors; specifically, the threat angle seems to come into play more prominently.
“However, what Elizondo has done is something different—and I don’t know if it’s him, or maybe Harry Reid and the group, you know, this was what they were doing—but Elizondo is very quick to point out… that anything unidentified constitutes a threat. Potentially, at least from their perspective, they have to consider every unknown a threat until we know otherwise. And I think that ideology is important because Blue Book closed when they determined this unidentified ‘whatever’ doesn’t seem to pose a threat. Elizondo is saying, ‘no, if you’re saying it’s unidentified, then by its nature it’s still a threat, from our perspective.”
“So it’s kind of justifying why we have to continue, even though Blue Book already happened. Blue Book determined arguably that there was unidentified craft… so what [Elizondo] is saying is that we can’t stop there–that if they’re unidentified, then we still need to consider them a threat, and that justifies us looking further into all of this.”
“There is a difference between the two programs in that manner,” Rojas concludes, underscoring the necessity for practical results from government UFO studies which seems to remain. “[AATIP] is more actively looking to produce some science or some potential other benefits in developing weapons from these identifications.”
Within this context, the AATIP program may be seen with at least some degree of greater clarity than before. It is a “contract”, as the recent DIA papers phrase it, which secured a limited amount of funding on behalf of Senators from three states based on a mutual interest they shared (and in the case of Harry Reid, which he shared with certain friends and constituents, namely Robert Bigelow). However, in order to obtain earmarks for such a program, its focus, as outlined in the recent DIA documents, clearly seems to have objectives which may have hope for producing scientific, strategic, or other incentives in the long term. The result appears to be a program that explores more practical areas of development and national security interest while facilitating some justification for the study of “unknowns” along the way, and on a budget that would have been considered pretty modest even decades ago.
None of this undermines the scope or objectives of the AATIP program, per se, although it is perhaps worthwhile to consider some of the details we have begun to glean about it that have less to do with its sensational elements and the mysterious phenomena associated with it.
Emiliano Sala Abducted By Mile Long UFO Over Channel Islands, Jan 23, 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Emiliano Sala Abducted By Mile Long UFO Over Channel Islands, Jan 23, 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of abduction: Jan 21, 2019 Location of abduction: between Alderney and Guernsey island.
When a plane goes mission, I often look into it for related UFO sightings in that area. Emiliano Sala, the famous soccer player was on board a small single engine Piper Malibu, which seats about 6 people and it just happened to disappear in the exact location of the worlds largest UFO ever seen in history...being over a mile long and there were two of them seen by two different planes and pilots and many passages back in April 23, 2007. Well its happened again, but this time the small plane was so close to the mile long yellow and metallic UFO that it may have been deemed a threat and taken onboard the craft.
Thats right, Emiliano Sala may be alive and well on board a mile long UFO somewhere out in space or even on another planet by now. It is unlikely that the aliens would allow Emiliano to return to earth since he has walked among them and seen their technology...letting him go may cause a world wide panic. Also there is a huge area between France and Guernsey island that pilots are not allowed to fly over due to the area being military secret off limits location. This may be to help keep the aliens flying in and out of the ocean a secret.
Another thing is that back in 2007, the pilot of the craft that saw the mile long UFO wanted to go check it out...in his own words he states, ‘As I got closer to it, it became clear to me that it was tangible. I was in two minds about going towards it to have a closer look but decided against it because of the size of it. I had to think of the safety of the passengers first.’ So, if the pilot in 2007 wanted to go check out the UFOs and get closer...then maybe Emilianos' pilot also wanted to turn toward the UFOs and take a closer look and get video footage of the craft...but they got too close and were abducted. Even if the plane is found, no bodies will ever be found, but they probably took them...plane and all onboard the alien craft. Hey, you never know...he may teach aliens about soccer and create a universe cup competitions among worlds. Scott C. Waring For more info about the Guernsey UFO incident in 2007, copy paste this link.
Ancient nuclear weapons described in the Mahabharata – an ancient Hindu text that speaks of great destructive power 12,000 years ago. But does it hold up?
Where nuclear weapons detonated in India 12,000 years ago? According to ancient texts, the answer is a resounding ‘yes’. The descriptions of their effects uncannily remind us of modern nuclear weapons. Were ancient nuclear weapons unleashed on humanity 12,000 years ago?
India’s Ancient Nuclear Weapons: Primary Evidence
The most famous text, the Sanskrit epic of Ancient India called the Mahabharata says:
A single projectile charged with all the power in the Universe… An incandescent column of smoke and flame as bright as 10,000 suns, rose in all its splendor… It was an unknown weapon, an iron thunderbolt, a gigantic messenger of death which reduced to ashes an entire race. The corpses were so burned as to be unrecognizable. Their hair and nails fell out, pottery broke without any apparent cause, and the birds turned white. After a few hours, all foodstuffs were infected. To escape from this fire, the soldiers threw themselves into the river.
It certainly seems like an ancient description of a nuclear explosion. One must understand, however, there is some question as to whether the text really translates to this (or that these portions are even part of it).
While the folks over at Skeptoid have actually done a pretty thorough job of researching this, we do know that you can find anything you want on the Internet. Is it possible that the translations of the ancient text have been embellished? Or is it likely that debunkers have cherry-picked the evidence to the contrary?
Conspiracy Perhaps?
There are organizations in this world who may actually be striving to cover up the existence of ancient nuclear weapons. The fact that it’s very unlikely humans would have had this technology millennia ago indicates that Ancient Aliens may have brought the technology – and there are plenty out there who want that idea squashed immediately.
So it’s not out of the realm of possibility that the entire thing is made up… but it’s also not out of the realm of possibility that there’s some amount of truth to these writings.
Other Evidence
The Mahabharata isn’t the only ancient text that allegedly mentions weapons of incredible scale. In fact, there are some passages in the Bible which speak of weapons of mass destruction according to some.
The destructions of the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah are described in the Bible as having fire raining down on them. The cities were totally destroyed in a short time.
Some Ancient Alien theorists believe the Bible itself is evidence of ancient nuclear weapons, likely unleashed on humanity by aliens.
Mystery or Not?
While all of the different pieces of evidence for India’s ancient nuclear weapons may be weak individually, one cannot ignore their sum as a whole. Consequently, it’s difficult to rule this one as a fake totally.
That being said, however, it’s not possible to know for sure that the ancient texts are talking about ancient nuclear weapons either. This one might be a mystery forever.
What do you think? Did aliens provide nuclear weapons or use them against the human population in ancient times?
Back in the first moment of the universe, everything was hot and dense and in perfect balance. There weren't any particles as we'd understand them, much less any stars or even the vacuum that permeates space today. The whole of space was filled with homogeneous, formless, compressed stuff.
Then, something slipped. All that monotonous stability became unstable. Matter won out over its weird cousin, antimatter, and came to dominate the whole of space. Clouds of that matter formed and collapsed into stars, which became organized into galaxies. Everything that we know about started to exist.
Scientists still aren't sure. But researchers have figured out a new way to model in a lab the sort of defect that could have caused the great unbalancing of the early universe. In a new paper, published today (Jan. 16) in the journal Nature Communications, scientists showed that they can use supercooled helium to model those first moments of existence — specifically, to re-create one possible set of conditions that may have existed just after the Big Bang.
That matters because the universe is full of balancing acts that physicists call "symmetries."
Some major examples: Physics equations work the same way both forward and backward in time. There are just enough positively charged particles in the universe to cancel out all the negatively charged particles.
But sometimes, symmetries break. A perfect sphere balanced on the tip of a needle falls one way or the other. Two identical sides of a magnet separate into north and south poles. Matter wins out over antimatter in the early universe. Specific fundamental particles emerge from the formlessness of the early universe and interact with one another via discrete forces.
"If we take the existence of the Big Bang as given, the universe has undoubtedly undergone some symmetry-breaking transitions," Jere Mäkinen, the lead author of the study and a doctoral student at Aalto University in Finland, told Live Science. [Gallery: The World's Most Beautiful Equations]
Need proof? It's all around us. Every table and chair and galaxy and duck-billed platypus is evidence that something tipped the early universe out of its early, flat state and into its current complexity. We're here instead of being potentialities in a uniform void. So, something broke that symmetry.
Physicists call some of the random fluctuations that break symmetry "topological defects."
In essence, topological defects are spots where something goes wonky in an otherwise-uniform field. All at once a disruption emerges. This can happen due to outside interference, like in a lab experiment. Or it can happen randomly and mysteriously, like scientists suspect happened in the early universe. Once a topoligical defect forms, it can sit in the middle of a uniform field, like a boulder creating ripples in a smooth stream.
Some researchers believe that particular kinds of topological defects in the formless stuff of the early universe may have played a role in those first symmetry-breaking transitions. Those defects may have included structures called "half-quantum vortices" (patterns of energy and matter that look a bit like whirlpools) and "walls bounded by strings" (magnetic structures made of two-dimensional walls bounded on either side by two one-dimensional "strings"). Those spontaneously emerging structures affect the flow of matter in otherwise-symmetrical systems, and some researchers suspect that these structures played a role in clumping the universe together into the stars and galaxies we see today. [Album: Behind the Scenes at the Largest US Atom Smasher]
Researchers had previously created these sorts of defects in the magnetic fields of supercooled gases and superconductors in their labs. But the defects emerged individually. Most theories that use topological defects to explain the origin of the modern universe involve "composite" defects, Mäkinen said — more than one defect working in concert.
Mäkinen and his co-authors designed an experiment involving liquid helium cooled to fractions of a degree above absolute zero and squeezed into tiny chambers. In the darkness of those little boxes, half-quantum vortices emerged in the supercooled helium.
Then, the researchers changed the conditions of the helium, causing it to go through a series of phase transitions between two different kinds of superfluids, or fluids with no viscosity. These are phase transitions akin to water turning from a solid into a liquid or a gas, but under much more-extreme conditions. [Top 10 Ways to Destroy Earth]
Phase transitions cause symmetry to break. For example, liquid water is full of molecules that can orient in many different directions. But freeze that water, and the molecules get locked in place in particular positions. Similar breaks in symmetry happen with the superfluid phase transitions in the experiments.
Still, after the superfluid helium went through its phase transitions, the vortices remained — protected by walls bounded by strings. Together, the vortices and the walls formed composite topological defects and survived symmetry-breaking phase transitions. In that way, the researchers wrote in the paper, these objects mirrored defects that some theories suggest formed in the early universe.
Does this mean that Mäkinen and his co-authors have figured out how symmetry broke in the early universe? Absolutely not. Their model showed only that certain aspects of "grand unified theories" of how the early universe took its shape can be replicated in a lab — specifically, the parts of those theories that involve topological defects. None of those theories are widely accepted by physicists, and this could all be a big theoretical dead end.
But Mäkinen’s work does open the door to more experiments to investigate how these sorts of defects may have worked to shape the moments after the Big Bang. And these s}tudies definitely teach scientists something new about the quantum realm, he said. The open question remains: Will physicists ever conclusively link these details about the tiny quantum world with the behavior of the entire universe?
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.