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    The purpose of  this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and  free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category.
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    UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
    UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld
    Ontdek de Fascinerende Wereld van UFO's en UAP's: Jouw Bron voor Onthullende Informatie! Ben jij ook gefascineerd door het onbekende? Wil je meer weten over UFO's en UAP's, niet alleen in België, maar over de hele wereld? Dan ben je op de juiste plek! België: Het Kloppend Hart van UFO-onderzoek In België is BUFON (Belgisch UFO-Netwerk) dé autoriteit op het gebied van UFO-onderzoek. Voor betrouwbare en objectieve informatie over deze intrigerende fenomenen, bezoek je zeker onze Facebook-pagina en deze blog. Maar dat is nog niet alles! Ontdek ook het Belgisch UFO-meldpunt en Caelestia, twee organisaties die diepgaand onderzoek verrichten, al zijn ze soms kritisch of sceptisch. Nederland: Een Schat aan Informatie Voor onze Nederlandse buren is er de schitterende website www.ufowijzer.nl, beheerd door Paul Harmans. Deze site biedt een schat aan informatie en artikelen die je niet wilt missen! Internationaal: MUFON - De Wereldwijde Autoriteit Neem ook een kijkje bij MUFON (Mutual UFO Network Inc.), een gerenommeerde Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in de VS en wereldwijd. MUFON is toegewijd aan de wetenschappelijke en analytische studie van het UFO-fenomeen, en hun maandelijkse tijdschrift, The MUFON UFO-Journal, is een must-read voor elke UFO-enthousiasteling. Bezoek hun website op www.mufon.com voor meer informatie. Samenwerking en Toekomstvisie Sinds 1 februari 2020 is Pieter niet alleen ex-president van BUFON, maar ook de voormalige nationale directeur van MUFON in Vlaanderen en Nederland. Dit creëert een sterke samenwerking met de Franse MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP, wat ons in staat stelt om nog meer waardevolle inzichten te delen. Let op: Nepprofielen en Nieuwe Groeperingen Pas op voor een nieuwe groepering die zich ook BUFON noemt, maar geen enkele connectie heeft met onze gevestigde organisatie. Hoewel zij de naam geregistreerd hebben, kunnen ze het rijke verleden en de expertise van onze groep niet evenaren. We wensen hen veel succes, maar we blijven de autoriteit in UFO-onderzoek! Blijf Op De Hoogte! Wil jij de laatste nieuwtjes over UFO's, ruimtevaart, archeologie, en meer? Volg ons dan en duik samen met ons in de fascinerende wereld van het onbekende! Sluit je aan bij de gemeenschap van nieuwsgierige geesten die net als jij verlangen naar antwoorden en avonturen in de sterren! Heb je vragen of wil je meer weten? Aarzel dan niet om contact met ons op te nemen! Samen ontrafelen we het mysterie van de lucht en daarbuiten.
    12-02-2019
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Breakfast in Space? Kuiper Belt Snowman Object is Actually Two Pancakes

    Breakfast in Space? Kuiper Belt Snowman Object is Actually Two Pancakes

    Paul Seaburn

    As the New Horizons space probe bid goodbye to Ultima Thule (aka 2014 MU69 or the Snowman object in the Kuiper belt), it sent a  set of pictures that caused a WTF heard around the solar system – or at least around the space centers monitoring the travels of the little spacecraft that has already given us stunning views of Pluto. The new images of Ultima Thule show that it’s not shaped like a spherical snowman but more like two odd-shaped flat pancakes connected at one end on a tight griddle. Or is it more like NASA’s description of a “giant pancake” attached to a “dented walnut”? Where are these engineers eating breakfast?

    “This really is an incredible image sequence, taken by a spacecraft exploring a small world four billion miles away from Earth. Nothing quite like this has ever been captured in imagery.”

    Mission Principal Investigator Alan Stern, of Southwest Research Institute admits this trans-Neptunian, contact-binary, Kuiper Belt Object (KBO) is unique … but a dented walnut? That’s the smaller “Thule” part, which seems to be a little thicker than Ultima. How did the researchers discover that Ultima Thule isn’t a snowman anymore? By its shadow, or more accurately, the blackout it made as it blocked out the light of the stars behind it as New Horizons was taking its parting shots. To make it look way cooler, NASA combined a dozen or so images into a video that simulated the New Horizons flyby.

    “This will undoubtedly motivate new theories of planetesimal formation in the early solar system.”

    Hal Weaver, New Horizons project scientist from the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, anticipated your next question, and yes, it’s a “this changes everything” moment … and there may be more. Even though New Horizons passed Ultima Thule over a month ago, it’s going to take up to 20 months for all of the data it captured to be sent back to NASA. In the meantime, the researchers will be crunching the current data, sharpening the pictures and trying to figure out how this odd-shaped, contact binary object happened. Undoubtedly, so will the Flat Earthers.

    Does it mean a name change for Ultima Thule? It’s stuck with 2014 MU69 and Snowman doesn’t fit anymore, but Ultima Thule is an unofficial nickname that’s not permanent. What should it be? The Flying Tortilla Brothers? Interplanetary House of Pancakes and Walnuts? Flap-Jacked?

    Any suggestions? Go have breakfast first.

    { https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

    12-02-2019 om 20:44 geschreven door peter  

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Categorie:ASTRONOMIE / RUIMTEVAART
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.New ‘Scary Known Unknown’ Asteroid Could Be One of Many

    New ‘Scary Known Unknown’ Asteroid Could Be One of Many

    Brett Tingley

    Astronomers using a new state of the art telescopic camera have detected a strange new asteroid which is adding to the growing number of known Earth-killing asteroids zooming around in near space. Researchers believe the curious object could be part of a massive unknown population of asteroids zooming around space near the Sun and inner planets. When will the next big one hit?

    We have found an extraordinary object whose orbit barely strays beyond Venus’ orbit — that’s a big deal. In so many ways, 2019 AQ3 really is an oddball asteroid.

    That’s according to Quanzhi Ye, a postdoctoral researcher at the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC) at the California Institute of Technology. Ye was part of the team which discovered 2019 AQ3, an asteroid some researchers have dubbed a “scary known unknown.”  The object is one of the fastest known asteroids, orbiting the Sun every 165 days and is believed to be almost 1 mile (1.6 km) across – plenty big enough to kill every living thing on Earth were it to impact. More good news: 2019 AQ3 is also among the first asteroid to be found which stays within Venus’ orbit, meaning it stays relatively close to Earth, cosmically speaking.

    The asteroid is called “scary” because it is in a class of near-Earth objects (NEOs) which are so small that they aren’t quite bright enough to be detected until they’re very close to Earth. If one were to be discovered on a collision course with our planet, it would likely be too late to do anything about it except party like its the end of the world. 2019 AQ3 is a “known unknown” because while we know that tens of thousands of similar objects are zooming around in the Solar System, we’ve only just begun to identify and track these potentially hazardous NEOs. 

    There could be many more thousands that we haven’t even gotten a glimpse of yet – some of which may pose a threat to Earth. Luckily, though, researchers believe 2019 AQ3 does not endanger Earth because its orbit keeps it tens of millions of miles out of our way.

    Still, the discovery of 2019 AQ3 highlights why more and more attention is being paid to NEOs. Scientists discovered the enigmatic 2019 AQ3 last month while conducting a survey of the skies with the brand-new Zwicky Transient Facility, or ZTF. The ZTF instrument is designed to detect fast-moving or transient objects such as comets, asteroids, supernovae, gamma ray bursts, or neutron star collisions and can survey the entire northern sky in just three nights. Already, ZTF has detected almost 60 new near-Earth asteroids, one of which was detected only hours before it flew within 70,000 miles of Earth – just a third of the distance to the moon.

    While space agencies and governments are beginning to track and identify more of these NEOs, the Earth still faces a grave threat from these potentially dangerous objects. Some scientists have even alleged that NASA and other space agencies are hiding the truth about deadly asteroids and that the Earth could be in greater immediate danger than we know. Will humanity be able to take to the stars before the Earth’s slate is once again wiped clean by a massive impact?

    { https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

    12-02-2019 om 20:35 geschreven door peter  

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Categorie:ASTRONOMIE / RUIMTEVAART
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Ghost Cars, Alien Cars, and Other Vehicular High Strangeness

    Ghost Cars, Alien Cars, and Other Vehicular High Strangeness

    Brent Swancer

    The road can be a strange place for sure, and there is no end to the accounts of weird happenings along the more remote roadways of the world. Among these are the numerous accounts of vehicles that seem to be beyond the normal, often with occupants every bit as bizarre and which defy all conventional attempts to explain. From ghost cars, flying cars, wheeled alien craft, and everything in between, here is a journey down a road towards a horizon of high strangeness.

    There are all sorts of very bizarre accounts of phantom vehicles that seem to range widely from ghostly apparitions to something that toes the line between the supernatural and UFOs. In the 1920s we have tales of an enigmatic phantom car from the villages of Athleague and Mount Talbot, in Ireland. In the 1920s there was frequently reported a spectral “motor-car” that went far faster than anything available at the time and which could phase through whatever got in its way. One article from Jan 22, 1927 edition of WMN said of this mysterious vehicle:

    Witnesses in the locality state that on many occasions about midnight a mysterious vehicle somewhat like a high-powered motor-car ablaze with light dashes noiselessly through the roads. There is apparently no driver, but seated in the car are a number of white-robed figures. Walls, ditches, fields, and plantations present no obstacle to the car. The superstitiously inclined connect the visitation with a tragic occurrence in a neighbouring estate when, during the recent troubles, a landlord and his wife were driving from their homes and died of fright. Local inhabitants are afraid to leave their homes after nightfall.

    In later years we have reports from the 1950s of a ghostly car said to terrorize a stretch of desolate road in Kent County, in South East England. The car was usually described as black and of a very old fashioned make and model, but was said to have the speed, handling, and capabilities of something far more advanced. While a driver was usually not seen to be present in the vehicle, which seemed to be driving itself, there are other reports that speak of a fog-like wraith said to be its driver. One report from October of 1950 said of such an account:

    Driving through Hildenborough at 7 a.m. on Sunday, a motorist observed another car parked by the roadside in a deserted spot. He saw the shadow of man outlined against the mist, in the driving seat. He got out of his own car and shook the other car violently but the huddled figure did not move. Tonbridge police were told but on investigation they could not find a car on that particular stretch of road, and now take the very material view that the silent driver was waiting for the mist to rise before proceeding.

    Some such phantom cars seem to be more along the lines of something to do with UFOs or even inter-dimensional travelers. Take some very curious accounts related by the eminent researcher Albert S. Rosales in his series of books Humanoid Encounters: The Others Amongst Us, the first of which allegedly occurred back in 1954, when witnesses Gayle and Dave Rayburn were driving along a remote swath of road called the Alcan highway, in the Northern Yukon, Canada. The rugged road was very isolated and little travelled, surrounded by a vast sea of darkened trees, and they had been completely alone on this deserted stretch of bleak highway. They would report that suddenly they had been overtaken by two absurdly fast silvery vehicles, each perched atop just one wheel and with bright single headlights. As the two bizarre contraptions rapidly passed the Rayburns, they could see that each of the weird vehicles had sitting within it a humanoid figure decked out in some sort of tight fitting sliver suit. They would whiz past the car and go flying off down the highway at incredible speeds, leaving the Rayburns alone on that dark wilderness road in a state of shock.

    The 50s had a few very bizarre reports similar to this, many of which are also compiled by Rosales. In August of 1956, a witness known only as Ms. Porta was driving along on a moped between Le Boulu and Ceret, in France, when she too was passed by two utterly unearthly vehicles, which appeared to be like motorcycles in appearance, but with a decidedly alien look to them. The two “motorcycles” were completely silent but very fast, zipping right by her without a sound, and when she looked to see who they were the frightened witness saw that each carried two passengers dressed in otherworldly satin outfits and strange helmets. At one point they let her pass them, but when when she looked back they were gone, despite there being no turnoff and nowhere they could have possibly gone.

    In 1959 we have some cases originally published in a magazine called Exploring the Unknown, which allegedly occurred along the Pennsylvania Turnpike, in the United States. Two separate witnesses, a housewife and an unrelated business man in another car, claimed that they had been behind what appeared to be two vintage cars that were mostly normal except for how old they looked. They would soon prove to have a bit of something under the hood, though, when the two mystery vehicles suddenly lifted off the ground and began to hover, before shooting away out of sight. UFOs or something else?

    One report from the 1950s that is also hard to classify was written of by the esteemed paranormal researcher John Keel, in his opus Our Haunted Planet. In June of 1955, the witness, a famous actor at the time named Telly Savalas, claimed that he had been driving along a roadway in Long Island, New York, when he suddenly ran out of gas. Marooned out there on the lonely highway, he had then gotten out to start walking, and that was when things would take a turn into the territory of the bizarre. Savalas claimed that as he walked, a ridiculously large and shiny black Cadillac had pulled up next to him, and a driver clad all in white had then asked him if he needed a ride. Savalas accepted, and during their drive the mysterious driver remained utterly silent, except to offer Savalas some money to help pay for gas. They stopped to get the gas and drove back towards the witness’ vehicle, the only conversation being when the driver suddenly mentioned out of nowhere to a perplexed Savalas that a man named Harry Agannis was a utility infielder for the Boston Red Sox. This meant nothing to Savalas, who didn’t even know who Agannis was, and it just lent to the overall creepy and surreal feeling that was beginning to unsettle him.

    When they reached the car, Savalas was more than happy and eager to get out of that Cadillac, and he filled his car with gas as the stranger watched from within his silent black car. Savalas then insisted that the man write his phone number down so that he could be repaid, which the driver did, signing it “Bill,” before driving off into the night to whence he had come. Savalas would later by chance see on TV that the man the driver had mentioned, Harry Agannis, had died that very night, and when he tried to call the phone number on the paper he soon learned from a woman on the other end that her husband Bill had died 3 years previously. Unbelievably, he would learn that the man had been dressed in a pristine white suit when he was buried. Was the man in that Cadillac the ghost of this dead husband, one of the insidious Men in Black, or what? Who knows?

    Moving into the 1960s we have a report from 1965 at a place called Cotswold Hills, in south central England. In this case a driver claims that he was suddenly passed by a vehicle that came speeding out of nowhere and which resembled a Land Rover, only far faster and more maneuverable than any such car had any right to be. This “Land Rover” also had no headlights, but rather a ring of glimmering lights on its roof. It veered in front of the startled witness and purportedly just vanished in a literal puff of smoke.

    In the 1970s there is a bizarre account from St. Petersburg, Russia. In 1971, witness Tatiana Syrchenko was on foot when she saw a very strange car that was bright red in color and with rose tinted windows approaching her. It pulled up alongside her and a man wearing black coveralls then opened the door to greet her and to offer a ride, informing her that she was in no danger. Those must have just been different times or the stranger was controlling her thoughts, because without further question she hopped into the strange vehicle with its spooky black-clad occupant. Inside it was no longer a car, but a wide, brightly lit room with two humanoid figures wearing silver coveralls. She was told to put on a set of coveralls herself, after which she was introduced to a strange elderly bearded man they called “The Cardinal,” who merely greeted her before she blacked out. When she awoke she was back at where she had started, with no sign of the vehicle she had entered and with the clock at precisely the time she had left. Just what in the world was going on here?

    In 1973 we have an account from Milroy, Indiana, where a preacher named Conner Corey was on his way home one night along a lonely road called State Road 3 when a large, dark green van swelled up out of the darkness behind him to begin to follow him very closely. Accompanying the vehicle was a droning buzz that pervaded the air all around him, and when he took a peek through the windshield he could see two passengers in the van with long hair. There was then a bright flash and Corey found himself flying through the air to be dumped in a brightly lit room with three very human-looking men who appeared to be wearing surgical clothes. The rest of the bizarre tale is explained on Phantoms and Monsters thus:

    This scene faded and was replaced by a distant aerial view of an earth-like surface. A planet or moon came up between two mountains in the distance. Following this he viewed a water covered surface from a lower altitude. Situated in the middle of this surface was a huge dark cross-like area. Two man-like figures emerged from the center of this area and became luminous. They moved toward him as if they were on a conveyor belt, and steadily increased in size. The dark eyed figures were dressed in tight-fitting suits that had a cloak and sash tied in front. The on-coming figures seemed about to burst right out of his rear view mirror, and for the first time his intense desire to watch gave way to fear. At this moment he was released as his eyes dropped from the mirror and he found himself looking at a slow moving Amish buggy as he sped down the highway. The preacher’s radio and watch malfunctioned after this event. He does not know with certainty how much time he could have lost on his journey home. He thought he was driving about 50 mph, and he was sure he traveled ¾ of a mile during the contact.

    Whatever is going on here is just about as trippy as it gets, and it is hard to even know where to begin with it. Also in the 1970s is a report from the town of Shabani, in Zimbabwe, Africa, and was first written of by UFO researcher Cynthia Hind. In August of 1975 two men driving along a remote road near the Ngesi River saw a large vehicle they at first took to be a bus, but which on closer inspection seemed to be no normal bus, with large domed windows and pillars within it. Inside the vehicle were two humanoid figures lounging about, their features indistinct due to a radiant white light that was nearly blinding in its intensity emanating from within. The two witnesses say the “bus” turned a corner and then just vanished into thin air.

    Also in 1975 is an account from the U.S. state of Minnesota, where an unidentified couple were driving one evening and stopped at a pay phone when a large black Cadillac drove up out of nowhere to completely block their path. A man dressed all in black then silently ran up to the witness with the phone and rudely tore the receiver away. The frightened couple drove off away from this obviously potentially dangerous individual, but the Cadillac followed them to yet another phone booth, where the same scene would play out again, and then a third time. Whoever this guy was, he did not want them to use a phone. Then, almost as if he had gotten bored, the mysterious man in black tore off in his Cadillac, which oddly rose up off the ground and shot off into the sky and out of sight at great speed.

    In more recent years there are some curious accounts from the 1990s, such as in December of 1993, when a witness in Vihtilajarvi, Kankanpaa, Finland was driving at night and suddenly became aware that the landscape was steadily brightening as if the sun were coming up, even though it was the middle of the night. A look up into the sky showed nothing out of the ordinary, and that was when he noticed that there were two very bright lights in his rear view mirror. These lights were blindingly bright as they came up fast behind the witness, and he could faintly make out what looked to be a red car behind them, which then went to pass him.

    As the mysterious car passed, the witness looked into the vehicle to see three beautiful women, who were a pale white and even had pure white hair. They smiled at him as they passed, and then the car sped off into the night. However, this wasn’t the end of the surreal encounter, as the witness would run into the phantom car once again a bit down the road, this time roaring at him from the opposite direction on an apparent collision course. The terrified witness braced for impact, but it never came, with the vehicle suddenly blinking right out of existence just before it hit, a mere meter away from his car. He would then get out and investigate the area, but there was no sign of the car at all, as if it had never been there.

    The following year, in September of 1994, a Radu N. Achim and his wife were driving along in Sibiu, Romania, on a perfectly clear day when they were passed by a black vehicle within which sat a pale humanoid figure wearing what appeared to be a parka that was made of some translucent material. The large car did not end up passing them at all, but rather paced them for some time. At one point Radu looked away from the strange car for a split second, and when he looked back it was just gone. There were no exits, nowhere it could have possibly gone in such a blink of an eye, but there was no sign of it anywhere. Both the witness and the wife have never been able to explain what they saw.

    One very recent incident from 2012 allegedly happened to three MotoGP race car drivers heading from an event at Phillip Island, Victoria back to their home town in Adelaide, South Australia, a journey of about 560 miles, meaning they would drive all night in shifts. At the time of their incident, one of the drivers was asleep in the back while the other two were awake in the front. It was about 4:30 AM, and they were between the towns of Nhill and Kaniva, and the witness would explain:

    I’d only seen a handful of cars between Horsham and Nhill, So I was surprised when I saw a car way off in the distance behind us, It was catching us up too. I was surprised at the speed this car was catching up, I was already going over the speed limit by 30 Km/h, I estimated it going probably 160 Km/h. Nathan suggested it might be the Police, So I dropped back to 100 Km/h, Kinda futile I know but at least we’d know if it was a copper.   Eventually the car caught us up, But just sat behind us. There was no streetlights being country Australia so neither Me nor Nathan couldn’t accurately identify the car, But I did notice the headlights on the car were very old, Like what you’d find on a Model T Ford or Brum, If you’ve ever watched that TV show. They were round and fairly dim. By this stage, We’d worked out it wasn’t a Cop. But why wasn’t it trying to overtake us? It was a single lane each side, two-way road. So there was plenty of room to pass. And I hadn’t seen a car going the other way in about half an hour. An overtaking lane approached us, So Nathan suggested I move into that lane so the car behind us can overtake. I move into the lane and guess what? The car followed. I then slow down to 80 Km/h to try and convince him to overtake, But he doesn’t, he just stays behind, Although now I can’t see his headlights at all. The car is that close to ours.

    The two increasingly worried men decided to open their windows to see if they could discern anything from the vehicle’s engine noise, but were surprised to hear that, although they were tearing along at 80 mph and the car was a mere inches from their bumper, they could hear no noise at all emanating from it, as if it were completely silent. The witness would go on to explain:

    Back at 130 km/h and the car is still behind us, Matching our speed. Still inches away from our back bumper. Both Me and Nathan were freaking out a bit now. Why wouldn’t the car pass us? Why was he driving SO close? We were approaching Kaniva by this stage, There’s a big streetlight right on the edge of the Town and then streetlights all through the main street. Finally we’d be able to identify the car! We pass through the streetlights and look behind us, The car had stopped following. Right before the streetlight. It had simply stopped in the middle of the road. We still couldn’t work out what kind of car it was, But we didn’t want to turn around and find out!

    These accounts run the gamut from the merely weird to the completely absurd, and there seems to be no easy answer for any of them, and such cases are obccured by such strange details and clues that it is hard to even know where to begin sometimes. Are they ghosts, aliens, or what? One possible explanation could be that some of these are glimpses of inter-dimensional beings, somehow pushing over into our reality for a brief time only to vanish again back to ours, our two worlds existing as one for that few seconds or minutes. It is quite possible that they are even as surprised to be here as we are, or maybe they are not the ones crossing over, but us? Other accounts could be ghosts or aliens, or of course even tall tales or hallucinations caused by tiredness, but whatever the case may be, these are some very bizarre accounts that just go to show that the road is definitely a place for weird encounters and experiences, and you never know just what you are bound to come across as you drive off down that horizon into the unknown.

    { https://mysteriousuniverse.org }

    12-02-2019 om 20:03 geschreven door peter  

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    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Hubble Telescope Detects Mysterious ‘Dark Vortex’

    Hubble Telescope Detects Mysterious ‘Dark Vortex’

    Brett Tingley

    NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope has uncovered evidence of a mysterious “dark vortex,” and astronomers aren’t sure what to make of it. During Hubble’s annual survey of weather on our Solar System’s outer planets, NASA astronomers spotted a mysterious and incredibly powerful storm on Neptune and they’re unsure how it formed or what it may have in store for the eighth planet from the Sun.

    Hubble's images of the dark vortex, right, and polar region, left.

    Hubble’s images of the dark vortex, right, and polar region, left.

    NASA has seen these unexplained dark vortices before, once in 1989 when the Voyager 2 spacecraft flew by Neptune and again in 2018. The vortex appears to be a massive storm spanning some 6,800 miles across and powerful enough to churn up material from much lower in the planet’s atmosphere. Surrounding the storm are what NASA calls “companion clouds,” bright white formations of methane ice crystals formed as the dark vortex swirls the air above it with powerful winds.

    These storms are thought to appear in Neptune’s atmosphere every four to six years at different latitudes, but as our observations of them are still limited at this point, that’s just a guess. It’s unknown how these dark vortex storms form, and they are so unpredictable and fleeting that NASA astronomers are barely able to collect data on them before they dissipate.

    Dark spots on Neptune

    Neptune’s storms appear as massive dark spots similar to Jupiter’s.

    That may change, though, because Hubble has embarked on a new long-term project known as the Outer Planet Atmospheres Legacy OPAL program, or OPAL. OPAL will create global maps of the solar system’s outer planets as they pass closest to Earth in their orbits around the sun in order to track seasonal changes in the planet’s atmospheres like these dark vortices .

    With repeated observations of these outer planets’ weather, NASA may be able to shine light on the many mysteries surrounding these distant alien worlds. More attention is being paid to the outermost reaches of our solar system where new unknown objects or undiscovered planets may very well be hiding from us. As cool as mysterious dark vortices are, we have no idea what could be out there.

    Let’s hope whatever it is doesn’t develop a taste for human flesh or any of Earth’s other natural resources.

    a star in the background: Wide Field Camera 3 photo of Uranus revealing a cloud cap on the north pole.©

    NASA/ESA/A. Simon/M.H. Wong/A. Hsu 

    Wide Field Camera 3 photo of Uranus revealing a cloud cap on the north pole.

    Dark vortex appears on Neptune

    An image of the vortex which appeared on Neptune 

    (Image: YouTube/secureteam 10)

    { https://mysteriousuniverse.org/ }

    12-02-2019 om 19:44 geschreven door peter  

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    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.She did not know WHAT it was - Got out of the car and started recording then it went UP!

    She did not know WHAT it was - Got out of the car and started recording then it went UP!

    A mysterious pulsating reddish Orb has been recorded over Tracy, California on February 11, 2019 before it went up. It is not the first time that these strange spherical objects in the sky have been spotted and actually there is no answer to what it could be.


    They are perfectly spherical, and they are becoming more frequently witnessed. One witness states that he saw four of these objects about three weeks ago heading towards Pease Air force Base, Lexington area and they were completely silent.

    Another witness said he saw exact the same color orb over his mothers house in Louisville, Kentucky, 35 miles from Fort Knox and when he drove around the corner he observed several people standing in their front yard looking up into the sky as well and he assumed they were looking at the same orb he observed. But instead there were three more identical orbs in the sky and a few seconds later the other orb that came from his mother's house joined with the other three orbs. Then they hover there silently for 30 to 40 seconds two of them merged into one making three orbs then they all departed straight up.

    A resident of Ohio: "we see these objects...or similar...different color...they appear to "twinkle" at times and when we zoom in they look like a Spirograph, a ball of energy".

    Another witness who lives in a remote part of the Arizona desert saw two of them not that far up in the sky until they just vanished into no where.

    Most of the people who have witnessed these orbs are convinced that they are definitively not from our world.
      

    { http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/  }

    12-02-2019 om 19:03 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:LATEST ( UFO ) VIDEO NEWS ( ENG)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.UFO descended on Meadow Park football ground and seemed to watch the Women's League Cup, Feb 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.

    UFO descended on Meadow Park football ground and seemed to watch the Women's League Cup, Feb 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.


    Date of sighting: February 2019
    Location of sighting: London, England

    This UFO was recorded by a London resident when he was watching a ladies sporting event on TV and a glowing object depended on the screen over head. 

    I have to admit, with drones being in the hands of so many people across the globe and recording devices on them making video from above common place...I am worried this might be a RC drone from the TV station or an over exuberant fan. 


    But I still wonder, is this an alien drone used to record humans close up but it got lit up by all the stadium lights around it, making it unable to cloak? Impossible to say for sure unless we get some close up footage. 

    Scott C. Waring


    { https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

    12-02-2019 om 18:16 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:LATEST ( UFO ) VIDEO NEWS ( ENG)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Daytime Footage Of Dark UFO Over Colombia On Feb 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.

    Daytime Footage Of Dark UFO Over Colombia On Feb 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.


    Date of sighting: February 2019
    Location of sighting: Colombia

    This dark UFO was seen in an overcast sky over Colombia this week. The UFO seems to move in an out of the clouds, trying to come closer, but still have the cloud cover to use as protection to hide in. The object is disk shape with a hump on the upper and lower center of the craft, which looks very similar to the classic UFO disk from the 50s. Also it was caught during sunset, which is one of the most common times of the day to catch a UFO due to the angle of the setting sun lighting them up. 

    Scott C. Waring 

    { https://www.ufosightingsdaily.com/ }

    12-02-2019 om 18:11 geschreven door peter  

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    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Just for fun: Tour alien worlds

    Just for fun: Tour alien worlds

    By EarthSky in HUMAN WORLD | SPACE 

    Some fun multimedia from NASA, including (free) Exoplanet Travel Bureau posters, cool 360-degree visualizations, and a journey into the life and death of planetary system.

    Explore the plethora of planets outside our solar system with cool multimedia experiences from NASA’s Exoplanet Exploration Program. Here’s what’s new:

    Skies above lava-covered planet with glowing cracks in it.

    This Exoplanet Travel Bureau poster illustration shows futuristic explorers gliding in a protective bubble over the red-hot landscape of the exoplanet 55 Cancri e. Exoplanets are planets outside our solar system. Download this poster here.

    Image via NASA/JPL-Caltech.

    Travel posters:

    Designed in the style of vintage travel posters, the Exoplanet Travel Bureau poster series imagines what it might be like to visit known planets outside our solar system, which are called exoplanets. The newest poster (above) shows futuristic explorers in a protective bubble, gliding over the red-hot landscape is 55 Cancri e, a planet that may be covered in a lava ocean.

    It’s a fun collection of posters, and they are all free to download. See them all here.

    360-degree visualization:

    55 Cancri e is also now part of the Exoplanet Travel Bureau’s 360-degree visualization tool, which lets you take a virtual tour of what the planet’s surface might look like, based on the limited data available (no photos of the planet exist). Seen as a massive fiery orb on the horizon, the planet’s star is 65 times closer to 55 Cancri e than the sun is to Earth. On the planet’s cooler nightside, silicate vapor in the atmosphere may condense into sparkling clouds that reflect the lava below.

    All of the 360-degree visualizations are viewable on desktop computers, mobile devices and through virtual reality headsets that work with smartphones.

    Orange across lower third of image, a thin greenish line, dark starry sky above.

    This artist’s illustration from the Exoplanet Travel Bureau’s 360-degree visualization tool reveals what the surface of exoplanet 55 Cancri e might look like, based on the limited data available. This exoplanet (a planet outside our solar system) is thought to be covered entirely in molten lava.

    Image via NASA/JPL-Caltech.

    Life and death of a solar system

    How do stars and planets come into being, and what fate awaits planets after their stars die? The interactive web feature Life and Death of a Planetary System takes you on an in-depth journey through the formation, evolution and eventual demise of a solar system. This story offers insight into how our planet Earth formed, and what will happen to it when the sun dies.

    Aqua ball with white clouds streaks against a black background.

    This artist’s illustration of a planet in the TRAPPIST-1 system can be found in NASA’s Eyes on Exoplanets 2.0. The web-based program lets users virtually fly through the galaxy and visit any of the nearly 4,000 known exoplanets, all visualized in 3-D.

    Image via NASA/JPL-Caltech.

    • EarthSky lunar calendars are cool! They make great gifts. Order now.

    Bottom line: New multimedia from NASA includes (free) Exoplanet Travel Bureau posters, 360-degree visualizations, and a journey into the life and death of planetary systems.

    • Via NASA

    { https://earthsky.org/ }

    12-02-2019 om 01:19 geschreven door peter  

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    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Today in science: Spacecraft destroys sundog

    Today in science: Spacecraft destroys sundog

    By Deborah Byrd in EARTH | HUMAN WORLD 

    When a NASA spacecraft lifted off from Cape Canaveral on February 11, 2010, it destroyed a sundog in Earth’s atmosphere – bringing to light a new form of ice halo – and teaching those who love the sky something new.

    On this date in 2010 – the coolest space launch ever! I ran into this image and video via a post on Google+ and became interested when I saw a quote from the person who runs the world’s absolute best website for sky optics, Les Cowley of the website Atmospheric Optics. The story began with the 2010 launch of NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), one of several observatories that keep an eye on our sun. It seems that when SDO lifted off from Cape Canaveral on February 11, 2010, on its mission to observe the sun, it first destroyed a sundog in Earth’s atmosphere – in the process bringing to light a new form of ice halo – and teaching those who love and study sky optics new things about how shock waves interact with clouds.

    The video above shows SDO’s 2010 launch via an Atlas V rocket. Watch it now, and turn up the volume to hear people cheer when the spacecraft’s passage through the atmosphere destroyed the sundog – which is a bright spot in the sky, formed by refraction of sunlight through plate-shaped ice crystals, which drift down from the sky like leaves fluttering from trees. If you have to, watch it twice to see the luminous column of white light that appears next to the Atlas V.

    Les Cowley explained in this 2011 post at Science@NASA:

    When the rocket penetrated the cirrus, shock waves rippled through the cloud and destroyed the alignment of the ice crystals. This extinguished the sundog.

    The sundog’s destruction was understood. The events that followed were not. Cowley said:

    A luminous column of white light appeared next to the Atlas V and followed the rocket up into the sky. We’d never seen anything like it.

    Cowley and colleague Robert Greenler at first couldn’t explain this column of light. Then they realized that the plate-shaped ice crystals were organized by the shock wave from the Atlas V. Cowley explained:

    The crystals are tilted between 8 and 12 degrees. Then they gyrate so that the main crystal axis describes a conical motion. Toy tops and gyroscopes do it. The earth does it once every 26,000 years. The motion is ordered and precise.

    Love it!

    Enjoying EarthSky so far? Sign up for our free daily newsletter today!

    Distant glowing rocket exhaust surrounded by thin circular lines in the clouds.

    View larger. | When the Solar Dynamic Observatory (bright streak in lower right quadrant of photo) lifted off from Cape Canaveral on February 11, 2010, its launch enabled optics experts to discover a new form of ice halo.

    Image via NASA/Goddard/Anne Koslosky.

    Bottom line: When NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory lifted off from Cape Canaveral on February 11, 2010, on its mission to observe the sun, it first destroyed a sundog in Earth’s atmosphere – in the process bringing to light a new form of ice halo – and teaching those who love and study sky optics new things about how shock waves interact with clouds.

    • Via Science@NASA and Les Cowley’s Atmospheric Optics
    • EarthSky lunar calendars are cool! They make great gifts. Order now.

    { https://earthsky.org/ }

    12-02-2019 om 01:04 geschreven door peter  

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    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.NASA’s Spacecraft Sent to Touch the Sun, Snaps First Image from Inside Sun’s Atmosphere

    NASA’s Spacecraft Sent to Touch the Sun, Snaps First Image from Inside Sun’s Atmosphere

    Hot.

    Image Credit: NASA/Naval Research Laboratory/Parker Solar Probe.

    NASA’s Parker Solar Probe is on a mission like no other spacecraft has ever attempted before.

    Its currently speeding towards to sun in order to land the hottest ever high-five, effectively becoming the first spacecraft ever to attempt and ‘touch’ the sun.

    On its way towards the Sun, the spacecraft has been gathering scientific data, and snapping images.

    This image was captured by Parker's WISPR (Wide-field Imager for Solar Probe). Image Credit: NASA/Naval Research Laboratory/Parker Solar Probe.

    This image was taken on Nov. 8, 2018, at 1:12 a.m. EST, and comes from the Parker Solar Probe’s WISPR (Wide-Field Imager for Solar Probe) instrument. Image Credit: NASA/Naval Research Laboratory/Parker Solar Probe.
    (That faint dot, seen in the middle of Mercury is most likely part of the background corrections made in the image.)

    In October and November, the Parker Solar Probe crossed the Corona, the super-hot atmosphere that surrounds the sun. And while it was making history, it decided it would be a good idea to photograph what it was seeing.

    The result? A stunning, never-before-seen image ‘inside’ the sun.

    The photographed was captured by the probe’s WISPR (Wide-field Imager for Solar Probe) instrument, when the spacecraft was traveling at a distance of 16.9 million miles from the sun, inside our stars corona.

    The image shows distinct jets of solar material which are dubbed coronal streamers, seen to the left/center of the image.

    The bright spot you see in the above image is Mercury.

    NASA explains that the black spots near planet Mercury are ‘artifacts’ of background correction.

    This GIF image shows data from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory Ahead (STEREO-A) spacecraft. The bright point is actually NASA's Parker Solar Probe as it flew through the sun's outer atmosphere during its first flyby in November 2018.
 Image Credit: NASA/STEREO

    This GIF image shows data from NASA’s Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory Ahead (STEREO-A) spacecraft. The bright point is actually NASA’s Parker Solar Probe as it flew through the sun’s outer atmosphere during its first flyby in November 2018.

    Image Credit: NASA/STEREO

    The probe is a mere four months old, and while its still a baby ‘spacecraft’, it has already had a busy mission life.

    Before it made its way towards the sun, on September 19, the probe snapped the first images from space, confirming that all its instruments were working flawlessly.

    In October, the spacecraft already began breaking records.

    It smashed two long-standing records becoming the closets man-made object to ever approach the sun and becoming the fastest spacecraft in history.

    Parker Solar Probe is named after Eugene Parker, the physicist who first proposed the existence of the solar wind — the Sun’s constant outpouring of material — in 1958.

    “This is the first NASA mission to be named for a living individual,” said Nicola Fox, director of the Heliophysics Division at NASA Headquarters in Washington.

    “Gene Parker’s revolutionary paper predicted the heating and expansion of the corona and solar wind. Now, with Parker Solar Probe we are able to truly understand what drives that constant flow out to the edge of the heliosphere.”

    •  Source
      NASA

    { https://curiosmos.com/ }

    12-02-2019 om 00:39 geschreven door peter  

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    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen. 1561 celestial phenomenon over Nuremberg

    1561 celestial phenomenon over Nuremberg

    The 1561 celestial phenomenon over Nuremberg was a mass sighting of celestial phenomena or unidentified flying objects (UFO) above Nuremberg, Germany. The phenomenon has been interpreted by some modern UFO enthusiasts as an aerial battle of extraterrestrial origin. This view is mostly dismissed by skeptics, some referencing Carl Jung’s mid-twentieth century writings about the subject while others find the phenomenon is likely to be a sun dog.



    History

    News notice printed in Nuremberg, describing 4 April 1561 Nuremberg mass sighting. Discs and spheres were said to emerge from large cylinders.

    A broadsheet news article printed in April 1561 describes a mass sighting of UFOs. The broadsheet, illustrated with a woodcut engraving and text by Hans Glaser, measures 26.2 centimetres (10.3 in) by 38.0 centimetres (15.0 in). The document is archived in the prints and drawings collection at the Zentralbibliothek Zürich in Zürich, Switzerland.

    According to the broadsheet, around dawn on April 14, 1561, residents of Nuremberg saw what they described as an aerial battle, followed by the appearance of a large black triangular object and then a large crash outside of the city. The broadsheet claims that witnesses observed hundreds of spheres, cylinders and other odd-shaped objects that moved erratically overhead.

    The broadsheet describes objects of various shapes including crosses, globes, two lunar crescents, a black spear and tubular objects from which several smaller, round objects emerged and darted around the sky at dawn.

    Phenomenon described
    The text of the broadsheet can be translated as giving the following description of the event:

    “In the morning of April 14, 1561, at daybreak, between 4 and 5 a.m., a dreadful apparition occurred on the sun, and then this was seen in Nuremberg in the city, before the gates and in the country – by many men and women. At first there appeared in the middle of the sun two blood-red semi-circular arcs, just like the moon in its last quarter. And in the sun, above and below and on both sides, the color was blood, there stood a round ball of partly dull, partly black ferrous color. Likewise there stood on both sides and as a torus about the sun such blood-red ones and other balls in large number, about three in a line and four in a square, also some alone. In between these globes there were visible a few blood-red crosses, between which there were blood-red strips, becoming thicker to the rear and in the front malleable like the rods of reed-grass, which were intermingled, among them two big rods, one on the right, the other to the left, and within the small and big rods there were three, also four and more globes. These all started to fight among themselves, so that the globes, which were first in the sun, flew out to the ones standing on both sides, thereafter, the globes standing outside the sun, in the small and large rods, flew into the sun. Besides the globes flew back and forth among themselves and fought vehemently with each other for over an hour. And when the conflict in and again out of the sun was most intense, they became fatigued to such an extent that they all, as said above, fell from the sun down upon the earth ‘as if they all burned’ and they then wasted away on the earth with immense smoke. After all this there was something like a black spear, very long and thick, sighted; the shaft pointed to the east, the point pointed west. Whatever such signs mean, God alone knows. Although we have seen, shortly one after another, many kinds of signs on the heaven, which are sent to us by the almighty God, to bring us to repentance, we still are, unfortunately, so ungrateful that we despise such high signs and miracles of God. Or we speak of them with ridicule and discard them to the wind, in order that God may send us a frightening punishment on account of our ungratefulness. After all, the God-fearing will by no means discard these signs, but will take it to heart as a warning of their merciful Father in heaven, will mend their lives and faithfully beg God, that He may avert His wrath, including the well-deserved punishment, on us, so that we may temporarily here and perpetually there, live as his children. For it, may God grant us his help, Amen. By Hanns Glaser, letter-painter of Nurnberg.”

    Modern interpretations

    Flugblatt of Basel 1566

    According to author Jason Colavito, the woodcut broadsheet became known in modern culture after being published in Carl Jung’s 1958 book Flying Saucers: A Modern Myth of Things Seen in the Skies, a book which analyzed the archetypal meaning of UFOs. More recently, the event has been classified as a UFO sighting by many, and even named the “UFO Battle over Nuremberg” by a few enthusiasts.

    Jung expressed a view that the spectacle was likely a natural phenomenon with religious and military interpretations overlaying it. “If the Ufos were living organisms, one would think of a swarm of insects rising with the sun, not to fight one another but to mate and celebrate the marriage flight.” A military interpretation would view the tubes as cannons and the spheres as cannonballs, emphasize the black spearhead at the bottom of the scene, and Glaser’s own testimony that the globes fought vehemently until exhausted. A religious view would emphasize the crosses. Jung thinks the images of four globes coupled by lines suggested crossed marriage quaternities and forms the model for “the primitive cross cousin marriage”. It could also be an individuation symbol. The association of sunrise suggests “the revelation of the light”.

    Otto Billig made an effort to provide a historical context for the apparition in his comments. He notes Nuremberg was one of the most prestigious cities of the late Middle Ages, a “Free and Imperial City” known for its wealth and nobility. It tried to maintain a neutrality during the furious warring between Catholics and Protestants during the Reformation, but when one Protestant prince was rebuffed when he insisted on financial tributes to fund his battles, the city was besieged and its trade cut off. Though ultimately successful in defending itself, the rebuilding of fortifications in Nuremberg necessitated a new round of taxation and the city suffered hard times in its aftermath. On Good Friday, 1554 another siege happened and one broadsheet publisher described mock suns that prognosticated God’s will wanted confession of sinful ways – i.e. the victims brought it on themselves. Another sky apparition followed in July of knights fighting each other with fiery swords, thus warning a coming Day of Judgment. Very similar apparitions of knights fighting in the skies were frequently reported during the Thirty Years’ War. Many similar broadsheets of wondrous signs exist in German and Swiss archives and Nuremberg seems the focus of a number of them, presumably because of the hardships and conflicts of the ex-prosperous. Such conditions typically accentuate apocalyptic thought.

    Other events

    • 1566 celestial phenomenon over Basel [de; fr] A series of events on 27–28 July and 7 August
    • 1566 reported in a Flugblatt (an early form of newspaper) as occurred in Basel, where red and black spheres have led an apparent battle in the sky.

    { https://www.creativespirits.net/ }

    12-02-2019 om 00:18 geschreven door peter  

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Categorie:MYSTERIES ( Fr, Nl, E)
    11-02-2019
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.A Physicist Has Proposed a Grim Explanation For Why We Never See Aliens

    main article image

    (Grandfailure/iStock)
    SPACE

    A Physicist Has Proposed a Grim Explanation For Why We Never See Aliens

    PETER DOCKRILL

    The Universe is so unimaginably big, and it's positively teeming with an almost infinite supply of potentially life-giving worlds. So where the heck is everybody?

    At its heart, this is what's called the Fermi Paradox: the perplexing scientific anomaly that despite there being billions of stars in our Milky Way galaxy – let alone outside it – we've never encountered any signs of an advanced alien civilisation, and why not?

    It's a decent question, and one that generations of scientists and thinkers have grappled with since the paradox was formulated decades ago.

    Some suggest aliens might be hibernating, or that something mysterious is preventing their evolution from taking place. Or maybe they just don't want anything to do with us?

    Now, theoretical physicist Alexander Berezin from the National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET) in Russia has devised his own explanation for why we're seemingly alone in the Universe, proposing what he calls his "First in, last out" solution to the Fermi Paradox.

    According to Berezin's pre-print paper, which hasn't as yet been reviewed by other scientists, the paradox has a "trivial solution, requiring no controversial assumptions" but may prove "hard to accept, as it predicts a future for our own civilisation that is even worse than extinction".

    As Berezin sees it, the problem with some proposed solutions to the Fermi Paradox is they define alien life too narrowly.

    "The specific nature of civilisations arising to interstellar level should not matter," he writes.

    "They might [be] biological organisms like ourselves, rogue AIs that rebelled against their creators, or distributed planet-scale minds like those described by Stanislaw Lem in Solaris."

    Of course, even with such a wide scope, we're still not seeing evidence of these things out there in the cosmos.

    But for the purposes of solving the paradox, Berezin says the only parameter we should concern ourselves with – in terms of defining extraterrestrial life – is the physical threshold at which we can observe its existence.

    "The only variable we can objectively measure is the probability of life becoming detectable from outer space within a certain range from Earth," Berezin explains.

    "For simplicity let us call it 'parameter A'."

    If an alien civilisation doesn't somehow reach parameter A – whether by developing interstellar travel, broadcasting communications across space, or by other means – it might still exist, but not help us solve the paradox.

    The actual "First in, last out" solution Berezin proposes is a grimmer scenario.

    "What if the first life that reaches interstellar travel capability necessarily eradicates all competition to fuel its own expansion?" he hypothesises.

    As Berezin explains, this doesn't necessarily mean a highly developed extra-terrestrial civilisation would consciously wipe out other lifeforms – but perhaps "they simply won't notice, the same way a construction crew demolishes an anthill to build real estate because they lack incentive to protect it".

    So is Berezin suggesting that we are the ants, and the reason we haven't encountered aliens is because we simply haven't had our own civilisation unthinkingly demolished by such unimaginably superior life forms yet?

    No. Because we are probably not the ants, but the future destroyers of the very worlds we've been looking for this whole time.

    "Assuming the hypothesis above is correct, what does it mean for our future?" Berezin writes.

    "The only explanation is the invocation of the anthropic principle. We are the first to arrive at the [interstellar] stage. And, most likely, will be the last to leave."

    Again, such potential destruction wouldn't need to be wilfully designed or orchestrated – it could just play out like a completely unrestricted system, bigger than any individual's attempts to control it.

    One example Berezin gives is free market capitalism, and another could be the dangers of an artificial intelligence (AI) untethered by constraints on its accumulation of power.

    "One rogue AI can potentially populate the entire supercluster with copies of itself, turning every solar system into a supercomputer, and there is no use asking why it would do that," Berezin writes.

    "All that matters is that it can."

    It's a pretty terrifying outlook on Fermi – basically, we may be the winners of a deadly race we didn't even know we were competing in, or as Andrew Masterson at Cosmos put it, "we are the paradox resolution made manifest".

    Even Berezin admits he hopes he is wrong about this, and it's worth noting that many other scientists have much more optimistic views about when we can expect to hear from advanced alien life.

    But the physicist's views are just the latest scientific statement of why we may be destined to gaze at the stars alone in time and space, much as we might wish it were otherwise.

    The paper is available at arXiv.org.

    Learn More

    1. “I’m sorry, doctor, I’m afraid I can’t do that”
      Chris Notte, MD et al., Cardiology
    2. “I’m sorry, doctor, I’m afraid I can’t do that”
      Chris Notte, MD et al., Rheumatology
    3. “I’m sorry, doctor, I’m afraid I can’t do that”
      Chris Notte, MD et al., Neurology
    4. Neurosurgery at the End of Life
      Stephen Miranda, Neurology
    5. A tale of two neurosurgeons
      Larry Greenbaum et al., Rheumatology
    6. Viewing the Creative Process Through a Life Span
      Richard J. Caselli et al., Neurology

    { https://www.sciencealert.com/ }

    11-02-2019 om 23:53 geschreven door peter  

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Categorie:ASTRONOMIE / RUIMTEVAART
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Robot Citizenship: Why Our Artificial Assistants May One Day Need Passports

    Robot Citizenship: Why Our Artificial Assistants May One Day Need Passports

    SingularityNET is working with the government.

    By Mike Brown

    The year is 2030. You’ve just received an email: The dream job in Japan is yours. You start making phone calls, looking up the rent on Tokyo apartments, and getting ready to make the career move of a lifetime. There’s just one problem: Can your Siri get a visa?

    It’s a potential roadblock that’s less farfetched than you’d think. In November 2018, Maltese government minister Silvio Schembri announced an initiative to grapple with questions like how many robots to let into the country at one time and more. Malta.ai is aimed at making Malta one of the top 10 countries in the world when it comes to readiness for advanced A.I.. One of its first tasks is to explore, along with SingularityNET, how to institute a kind of citizenship test for robots. SingularityNET CEO Ben Goertzel elaborated on the idea a few three days after the announcement in a blog post. His goal is to make sure that, as robots and A.I. continue to become more sophisticated and autonomous, they will still know how to follow and respect the laws of the land.

    “I know what it means to be a citizen of the U.S. or Europe,” Goertzel tells Inverse. “If you’re a naturalized citizen of the U.S., you take a simple test on constitution and government and so forth. That’s what I was thinking, what tests can be given to an A.I., or robot controlled by an A.I., to make it reasonable to consider making that A.I. a citizen.”

    Does Siri need citizenship?

    Does Siri need citizenship?

    Why Futuristic Siris May Need a Passport

    The initiative strikes to the heart of humanity’s relationship with machines. Laws are designed to accommodate humans and organizations, the only ones capable of taking responsibility. But as our computers move from dumb servants to sophisticated setups capable of passing the Turing test, legislators worldwide will need to consider how these pseudo-people function in legal systems designed for yesteryear. Benoît Hamon made taxing robots a key plank of his run for the French presidency in 2017, and Andrew Yang is running for the American presidency on a “basic income” platform to offset the job losses from automation. The European Parliament has called for ethical standards to guide the development of such machines and, in the United States, the billionaire philanthropist Bill Gates has called for a robot tax as well.

    ““Artificial Intelligence is being seen in many quarters as the most transformative technology since the invention of electricity.”

    But as the line between simple tool and thinking-entity continues to blur, the legal designations separating life and artificiality will have to evolve.77

    In Goertzel’s opinion, this means developing an A.I. that can understand the laws of a country, correctly answer questions about said laws, and apply those regulations to real-life situations. However, he readily admits that the task force will have to refine these ideas — and it may need to work through them fast.

    “Artificial Intelligence is being seen in many quarters as the most transformative technology since the invention of electricity,” Francois Piccione, policy advisor for the Maltese government, tells Inverse. “To realize that such a revolution is taking place and not do one’s best to prepare for it would be irresponsible.”

    Issues surrounding liability are already starting to emerge with autonomous cars. Current systems request users remain alert at all times, but once a computer can take full control, it raises a number of questions.

    “Autonomy, inevitably, raises questions about responsibility and liability,” Piccione says. “To illustrate the point, if a driverless car causes an accident, who or what is liable? It could be the manufacturer, or the user of the system, or other intermediaries. But liability could also be attributed directly and solely to the robot or system itself.”

    Maltese robots would not even be the first to gain citizenship. Sophia, the humanoid robot powered by SingularityNET, was granted honorary citizenship by Saudi Arabia in October 2017. The stunt was supposed to spark a conversation about robots in society. Instead, press attention focused on how Sophia seemed to enjoy more rights in Saudi Arabia than actual human women, as she didn’t need a male guardian in public.

    Sophia the robot.

    Which of course raises an even more complex question: In a world where humanrights are far from a settled issue, it seems somewhat tone-deaf to begin discussing robot privileges for machines that haven’t even been invented yet. But Goertzel has stood by the initiative as “a genuinely forward-thinking and positive act on the part of the Saudi government.”

    A Marketing Play?

    Other experts in the field remain unconvinced. David Gunkel, a Northern Illinois University professor whose book Robot Rights considers the ethics of granting such benefits to machines, tells Inverse that Sophia’s citizenship was “mainly about marketing,” aimed at attracting the tech industry to the country’s Future Investment Summit. After all, it was only an honorary citizenship, basically akin to an honorary university degree.

    “I have yet to see a well-reasoned and/or persuasive argument for granting A.I. or robots citizenship,” Gunkel says. “I do see good reasons to consider questions of legal personality for A.I.s and robots, but that is an entirely different set of questions.”

    The problem of Siri’s citizenship, then, actually encompasses two distinct debates. The first concerns what happens when an A.I. does something wrong, a debate already occurring around autonomous cars. But the second is much more complicated: Siri and others command respect to the point where society starts to consider granting such rights as “just.”

    “Neither of these questions require that A.I./robots be citizens,” Gunkel says. “In fact, we have already addressed and answered these question for another class of artificial entity — the multinational corporation. Corporations are legal persons for the purpose of making them subjects of and subject to national and international law. This has and can done without granting the corporation citizenship.”

    Goertzel, however, suggests that even corporate personhood has its issues. What if a decentralized autonomous organization, for example a cryptocurrency, wants to register itself as a corporation? Does it need a human to finish the task?

    “The focus is on how to provide certification in Malta to these systems, which would also include limited rights and obligations,” Piccione says. “Taking this route would not, in fact, be a new concept as today companies and other registered entities carry liability but also have rights, for example to own property. This could be the same mechanism used for ‘robots’ or other A.I. systems including autonomous vehicles.”

    Will the autonomous car need a passport?

    Will the autonomous car need a passport?

    Should Citizenship Imply Non-Legal Rights, Too?

    Corporate personhood can only answer so many questions. Gunkel says that we are living in a “robot invasion” where machines “are now everywhere and doing virtually everything.” As they move from simple tools to an actor in society, consigning them to the status of human-run entities seems ill-fitting.

    “I believe we will need consider — and in fact have already begun considering — the question of moral and legal personhood for A.I. and robots apart from issue having to do with citizenship,” Gunkel says. “And what is perhaps worse, I worry that speculation about ‘robot citizenship’ might eclipse the more immediate questions regarding the moral and legal standing of A.I./robots.”

    Goertzel predicts that a human-level artificial intelligence could emerge as early as 2029. If that prediction holds true, it means something halfway human-like could launch as soon as 2025. That only leaves around six years before legislators will have to consider how to to treat entities with close to a regular citizen’s intelligence.

    Whether the answer is citizenship itself, however, is less clear, but one thing’s for certain: The line between man and machine is about to look a lot blurrier. Films like Her and Ex Machina explore the interplay between human-seeming systems and the resultant relationship. Even if we solve all of Siri’s visa issues, the boundaries may still remain unsettled in more ways than just the legal question.

    Singularity Sophia Interview from UN A.I. For Good Project
    Media via Unsplash / Fikri Rasyid, GifGrabber, Flickr / jurvetson, AIForGood, SingularityNET, Unsplash / Alex Knight

    { https://www.inverse.com/ }

    11-02-2019 om 23:36 geschreven door peter  

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Categorie:SF-snufjes }, Robotics and A.I. Artificiel Intelligence ( E, F en NL )
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Here are 10 extremely old images of the Sphinx you’ve probably never seen

    Here are 10 extremely old images of the Sphinx you’ve probably never seen

    The images here displayed were taken prior to most of the restorations of the Sphinx.

    This majestic structure believed to be up to 800,000 years old, (yup, it isn’t a typo) is one of the most mysterious monuments on Earth. It has no inscriptions, and there are said to be tunnels and passages leading below it.

    The images here displayed were taken prior to most of the restorations of the Sphinx.

    The images are extremely rare and old.

    Scholars have no idea who erected this majestic monument only adds to the mystery of the Great Sphinx, which has already been the center for countless speculations connecting it to lost civilizations and extraterrestrial beings.

    The Great Sphinx of Giza is one of the most appreciated monuments that is as mysterious as it is beautiful. Archaeologically speaking, it is one of the most enigmatic monuments ever found, since scholars have absolutely no idea who built it and what its original purpose was.

    At 241 feet long and 66 feet high, the Great Sphinx of Giza holds the record as the largest monolith statue on the surface of the planet. The Great Sphinx is believed to have been discovered in AD 1817, when the first modern archaeological dig, led by Giovanni Battista Caviglia managed to uncover the Sphinx’s chest for completely. This marvelous ancient piece of architecture remains one of the few ancient pieces of work that nobody bothered to take credit for, and mainstream scholars have been perplexed by its mysterious history for years.

    Many researchers consider the Sphinx to be an astronomically aligned monument.

    Geological findings indicate that the Sphinx may have been sculpted sometime before 10,000 BC, a period that coincides with the Age of Leo, or the Lion, which lasted from 10,970 to 8810 BC.

    According to Graham Hancock, computer simulations show that in 10,500 BC the constellation of Leo housed the sun on the spring equinox – i.e. an hour before dawn in that epoch Leo would have reclined due east along the horizon in the place where the sun would soon rise. This means that the lion-bodied Sphinx, with its due-east orientation, would have gazed directly on that morning at the one constellation in the sky that might reasonably be regarded as its own celestial counterpart.

    Today there are countless images of the Great Sphinx of Giza, and nearly all of them show it as it is today, nearly completely restored to its full glory. However, the most interesting images taken of the Sphinx are those taken after its discovery.

    While many people are unaware, there are numerous extremely old images of the Sphinx, which show this incredible ancient monument as it looked prior to its restorations in modern times.

    The images depict numerous cavities, entrances and what appear to be tunnels that according to many leads below this majestic ancient monument.

    This is a rare image of the Sphinx taken from a hot air balloon, in the early 19th century. This is before excavation and restoration.

    The Great Sphinx of Giza before it was entirely excavated.

    Ancient Code Pyramids and Sphinx Giza Egypt 1860. Image Credit: Photographium Historic Photo Archive

    Profile view of Sphinx Giza Egypt 1900-1920. Image Credit: Photographium Historic Photo Archive

    Sphinx in late 1800s. Image Credit: Photographium Historic Photo Archive

    British soldiers posing at the Great Sphinx at Giza. Image Credit Unknown.

    The Sphinx Giza Egypt circa 1850. Image Credit Unknown

    One of the oldest photos of the Great Sphinx from 1880. Image Credit Unknown

    This is a rare image of the Sphinx shows the surface of the head of the Sphinx. The images was taken in 1925. Image Credit Unknown

    The Sphinx prior to being excavated.

    (Source: curiosmos.com; http://tinyurl.com/y7qon476)

    { https://nexusnewsfeed.com/ }

    11-02-2019 om 23:01 geschreven door peter  

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Categorie:ARCHEOLOGIE ( E, Nl, Fr )
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.The world is running out of insects — because of us — and it will lead to a “catastrophic collapse”

    The world is running out of insects — because of us — and it will lead to a “catastrophic collapse”

     BY ALEXANDRU MICU 

    Almost half of all the world’s insect species are in decline, and a third are already endangered, a new metastudy found. These trends point to a “catastrophic collapse of nature’s ecosystems”, it adds.

    Giant Centipede.

    Image via Pixabay.

    With the sixth mass extinction looming over the planet, it’s not the best of times to be an insect. The extinction rate among their species is eight times faster than that of mammals, birds, or reptiles. They’re struggling so much to make ends meet that some 2.5% of all insects (by weight) die year after year. Currently, over one-third of all insect species are endangered, and 40% of them are declining. If things don’t change, we could be looking at the end of insects (or at least, of insects as meaningful ecological actors) within a century.

    These conclusions come from a massive meta-study looking at the state of insect species around the world.

    Findings that should bug us

    “If insect species losses cannot be halted, this will have catastrophic consequences for both the planet’s ecosystems and for the survival of mankind,” said Francisco Sánchez-Bayo, at the University of Sydney, Australia, corresponding author of the meta-study.

    Sánchez-Bayo worked together with Kris Wyckhuys at the China Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Beijing. The research was spurred by recent reports of insect population collapses in Germany and Puerto Rico, which paint a dire picture. Insects are essential for the healthy functioning of ecosystems, the team writes — serving as food, pollinators, and nutrient recyclers. Their value in nature can be seen in the sheer diversity and quantity that insect species have reached. They are by far the most varied and abundant animals, outweighing humanity by an estimated 17 times.

    Given these reported collapses and the rapid rate of extinction seen in larger animals (which are easier to study), the team wanted to find out how insects fare on a global level. To that end, they analyzed 73 studies on insect decline performed all over the world. Most of these were performed in western Europe and the US. A few looked at areas ranging from Australia to China and Brazil to South Africa, but very few treated other areas.

    The findings, in short, are that it’s bad. It’s bad everywhere (we looked), and it’s bad because of us.

    “The [insect] trends confirm that the sixth major extinction event is profoundly impacting [on] life forms on our planet,” the team writes. “Unless we change our ways of producing food, insects as a whole will go down the path of extinction in a few decades.”

    “The repercussions this will have for the planet’s ecosystems are catastrophic to say the least.”

    Orders Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, and Coleoptera, are the worst hit groups. One of the studies included in the analysis shows that the number of widespread butterfly species on farmed land in the UK fell by 58% between 2000 and 2009. Bees are also struggling: Oklahoma lost half of its bumblebee species between 1949 and 2013. The number of honeybee colonies in the US was 6 million in 1947, but 3.5 million have been lost since. Beetle species are also declining, especially dung beetles.

    Dung beetle.

    In stark contrast to most humans, dung beetles actually love other people’s bullshit.

    Image credits Baynham Goredema.

    While there are large gaps in our data — especially pertaining to species of flies, ants, aphids, shield bugs, and crickets — there is virtually no data that would suggest they’re faring better than the other insects included in this study. Some species, however, aremaking the best of it and increasing in number, but these are the exceptions rather than the rule. In the US, for example, the common eastern bumblebee (Bombus impatiens) is increasing in numbers due to its tolerance of pesticides (and its newfound lack of competitors). These increases are far too modest to make up for the overall decline, the team cautions.

    The UK has suffered the biggest recorded insect declines overall, although the team notes that the country was the most intensely-studied area in its analysis. That doesn’t mean other areas are faring well, just that they’re faring better. In Puerto Rico, for example, a recent study revealed a 98% decrease in ground insects over the last 35 years.

    Intensive agriculture — particularly due to heavy use of pesticides — is the main culprit. Urbanization and climate change, which are destroying these species’ habitats and food security, are also significant factors. Overall, the annual rate of insect species loss over the past 25 to 30 years averages 2.5%, a figure that Sánchez-Bayo told The Guardian is “shocking”.

    “It is very rapid. In 10 years you will have a quarter less, in 50 years only half left and in 100 years you will have none.”

    “The main cause of the decline is agricultural intensification,” he adds. “That means the elimination of all trees and shrubs that normally surround the fields, so there are plain, bare fields that are treated with synthetic fertilisers and pesticides.”

    The team notes that more organic farms had healthy levels of insect inhabitants despite the occasional use of pesticides. The scale that insecticides are used on in industrialized farms, coupled with novel insecticide compounds such as neonicotinoids and fipronil, simply “sterilize[s] the soil”, Sánchez-Bayo explains. “Industrial-scale, intensive agriculture is the one that is killing the ecosystems,” he adds. This is deadly to insects living on the farms themselves, but also to neighboring ecosystems. One of the most worrying implications is that when insects die off, they take whole trophic trees along. Many species of birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish rely heavily on insects for food.

    In the tropics, where industrial agriculture isn’t yet well established, the decline is primarily driven by climate change.

    Given the results, the strong language used in the review isn’t alarmist, the team feels. Their reviewers and editor agreed.

    “We wanted to really wake people up,” says Sánchez-Bayo. “When you consider 80% of biomass of insects has disappeared in 25-30 years, it is a big concern.”

    The paper “Worldwide decline of the entomofauna: A review of its drivers” has been published in the journal Biological Conservation.

    { https://www.zmescience.com/ }

    11-02-2019 om 22:45 geschreven door peter  

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Categorie:Diversen (Eng, NL en Fr)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.She Did Not Know What It Was - Got Out Of The Car and Started Recording Then It Went Up

    She Did Not Know What It Was - Got Out Of The Car and Started Recording Then It Went Up!

    February 11, 2019: ~Sky Phenomenon~ Tracy, CA
     
    Andrew Foreman: On 4th July 2016 I saw THE EXACT SAME color orb over my mothers house in louisville, Ky. 35miles from Fort Knox…..also I drove around the corner and observed several people standing in their front yard looking up into the sky as well and I assumed they were looking at the same orb I observed.
     
    But instead there were three more identical orbs in the air over their house as well and a few seconds later the other orb came from my mother’s house and joined with the other three then they hover there silently for 30 to 40 seconds two of them merged into one making three orbs then they all departed straight up!! They are DEFINATELY NOT FROM THIS EARTH!!!🌍🌙🌞🌠and TRUST ME..they WERE NIT FIREWORKS EITHER!!😀
     
    Description from the channel: We are living in very unique, changing times and during these times I have become more than intrigued by these changes and what is causing them. I’m referring to the earth changes, changes in our sun and how the earth’s atmosphere manages this what I believe to be a much different sunlight.
     
    Over the last 10 years I have become very familiar with our planet, the mechanics of it and how it reacts to many different aspects of space weather and many other things as well. I monitor everything from the sea floor to the cosmos and everything in between. I am a full-time Watchman and as these uncertain times move forward I’ve got your back. When you really need to know…you’ll know. Your Earth Watchman, MrMBB333 #MrMBB333 #TeamUV #EarthWatchman @MrMBB333

    { https://beforeitsnews.com/v3/ }

    11-02-2019 om 22:31 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:Before it's news (ENG.)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Over a Thousand New Objects and Phenomena Identified in Night Sky

    Over a Thousand New Objects and Phenomena Identified in Night Sky

    Casual stargazers may look at the black area among stars and think that there’s nothing there except empty space. But the night sky hides many secrets invisible to the naked eye.

    Less than a year into its mission, a sky-survey camera in Southern California shows just how full the sky is. The Zwicky Transient Facility, based at the Palomar Observatory in San Diego County, has identified over a thousand new objects and phenomena in the night sky, including more than 1,100 new supernovae and 50 near-Earth asteroids, as well as binary star systems and black holes. Operated by Caltech, the ZTF is a public-private partnership between the National Science Foundation and a consortium of nine other institutions around the globe, including the University of Washington. The ZTF collaboration’s six latest papers, which describe these discoveries as well as the ZTF’s data mining, sorting and alert systems, have been accepted for publication in the journal Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific.

    A composite ZTF image of the Andromeda galaxy made by combining three bands of visible light. The image covers 2.9 square degrees, which is one-sixteenth of ZTF’s full field of view. Andromeda, also known as Messier 31, is the nearest major galaxy to our Milky Way galaxy, lying 2.5 million light-years away.

    Credit: ZTF/D. Goldstein/R. Hurt/Caltech
    Eric Bellm, the ZTF survey scientist and a research assistant professor of astronomy at UW, is lead author on a paper describing the ZTF’s technical systems and major findings since the survey began on March 20, 2018. Maria Patterson, a data scientist formerly with the UW Department of Astronomy’s DIRAC Institute, is lead author on another paper describing the ZTF’s alert system for notifying science teams of possible new objects in the sky or significant changes to existing objects.

    “The ZTF mission is to identify changes in the night sky and alert the astronomical field of these discoveries as quickly as possible,” said Bellm, who is also a fellow with the DIRAC Institute. “The results and specifications reported in these six papers demonstrate that the ZTF has in place a pipeline to identify new objects, as well as analyze and disseminate information about them quickly to the astronomy community.”

    Science teams need quick alerts so that they could, if needed, arrange for follow-up observations of individual objects by other observatories, Bellm added.

    The ZTF accomplishes its survey goals through a digital camera, consisting of 16 charge-coupled devices, mounted to the 48-inch-aperture Samuel Oschin Telescope at Palomar. A single image from the camera covers an area about 240 times the size of the moon; in just one night, the ZTF could image the entire night sky visible from the Northern Hemisphere. So far, the ZTF camera has imaged more than 1 billion stars in our galaxy alone. By comparing new images to old, the ZTF can identify objects that are new, such as a supernova lighting up for the first time, or changes to existing objects, such as a star brightening in luminosity.

    The ZTF undertakes surveys for public agencies such as the National Science Foundation, as well as private entities. The sheer volume of data generated by the ZTF necessitated a new approach to data analysis and alerts, according to Bellm.

    “Every image that the ZTF takes contributes to at least one survey,” said Bellm. “We needed to put an automated alert system in place that would inform the relevant survey teams – in near-real time – of every potential change or new object that the ZTF would uncover, which could be more than a million in a single night.”

    Patterson, Bellm and other UW scientists — including Mario Juric, associate professor of astronomy and senior data fellow with the eScience Institute — led the effort within the ZTF to craft the automated alert system. They utilized two open-source technologies: Kafka, a real-time data-streaming platform, and Avro, a framework to serialize data for transmission and storage. The completed alert system, which was first deployed in June 2018, has successfully generated and distributed up to 1.2 million ZTF alerts each night — with each alert going out to survey teams approximately 10 seconds after it was automatically generated.

    The orbit of asteroid 2019 AQ3, discovered by ZTF, is shown in this diagram. The object has the shortest “year” of any recorded asteroid, with an orbital period of just 165 days

    Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

    “Through these alert systems, the ZTF is sharing every change it finds with our survey partners,” said Bellm. “They are receiving every bit of data.”

    Survey partners, in turn, are experimenting with machine-learning classification systems and other analysis tools to sort through the alerts.

    The ZTF’s alert system is a proving ground for future “automated, time-domain astronomy” missions such as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, said Bellm. The LSST, which is expected to begin its sky surveys in 2022, should generate about 10 million alerts per night, which is about 10 times the maximum alert volume of the ZTF. But the ZTF alert system could form the basis of a scaled-up alert pipeline for the LSST, according to Bellm.

    “We are very pleased with the opportunities that the ZTF mission has provided us,” said Bellm. “It is reassuring to know that we have the tools at hand today that are useful not only for ongoing surveys at the ZTF, but also future missions like the LSST.”

    The ZTF is funded by the NSF, Heising-Simons Foundation and the ZTF member institutions: Caltech, the University of Washington, the Weizmann Institute of Science, the Oskar Klein Centre at Stockholm University, the University of Maryland, the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Humboldt University of Berlin, the TANGO Consortium of Taiwan, the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

    Contacts and sources:
    James Urton
    University of Washington

    • Citation:“The Zwicky Transient Facility: System Overview, Performance, and First Results”
      Eric C. Bellm et al. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 2019; 131 (995): 018002 DOI: 10.1088/1538-3873/aaecbe
    • “The Zwicky Transient Facility: Data Processing, Products, and Archive”
      Frank J. Masci et al. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 2019; 131 (995): 018003 DOI: 10.1088/1538-3873/aae8ac
    • “The Zwicky Transient Facility Alert Distribution System”
      Maria T. Patterson, Eric C. Bellm, Ben Rusholme, Frank J. Masci, Mario Juric, K. Simon Krughoff, V. Zach Golkhou, Matthew J. Graham, Shrinivas R. Kulkarni, George Helou. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 2019; 131 (995): 018001 DOI: 10.1088/1538-3873/aae904

    { https://beforeitsnews.com/v3/ }

    11-02-2019 om 22:24 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:ASTRONOMIE / RUIMTEVAART
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Uranus and Neptune Dynamic Atmospheres Revealed by Hubble Space Telescope

    Uranus and Neptune Dynamic Atmospheres Revealed by Hubble Space Telescope

    Like Earth, Uranus and Neptune have seasons, which likely drive some of the features in their atmospheres. But their seasons are much longer than on Earth, spanning decades rather than months.

    During its routine yearly monitoring of the weather on our solar system’s outer planets, NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope has uncovered a new mysterious dark storm on Neptune (right) and provided a fresh look at a long-lived storm circling around the north polar region on Uranus (left).

    Credits: NASA, ESA, A. Simon (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center), and M.H. Wong and A. Hsu (University of California, Berkeley)

    The new Hubble view of Neptune shows the dark storm, seen at top center. Appearing during the planet’s southern summer, the feature is the fourth and latest mysterious dark vortex captured by Hubble since 1993. Two other dark storms were discovered by the Voyager 2 spacecraft in 1989 as it flew by the remote planet. Since then, only Hubble has had the sensitivity in blue light to track these elusive features, which have appeared and faded quickly. A study led by University of California, Berkeley, undergraduate student Andrew Hsu estimated that the dark spots appear every four to six years at different latitudes and disappear after about two years.

    This Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 image of Neptune, taken in September and November 2018, shows a new dark storm (top center).’

    Credits: NASA, ESA, A. Simon (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center), and M.H. Wong and A. Hsu (University of California, Berkeley)

    Hubble uncovered the latest storm in September 2018 in Neptune’s northern hemisphere. The feature is roughly 6,800 miles across.

    To the right of the dark feature are bright white “companion clouds.” Hubble has observed similar clouds accompanying previous vortices. The bright clouds form when the flow of ambient air is perturbed and diverted upward over the dark vortex, causing gases to freeze into methane ice crystals. These clouds are similar to clouds that appear as pancake-shaped features when air is pushed over mountains on Earth (though Neptune has no solid surface). The long, thin cloud to the left of the dark spot is a transient feature that is not part of the storm system.

    It’s unclear how these storms form. But like Jupiter’s Great Red Spot, the dark vortices swirl in an anti-cyclonic direction and seem to dredge up material from deeper levels in the ice giant’s atmosphere.

    The Hubble observations show that as early as 2016, increased cloud activity in the region preceded the vortex’s appearance. The images indicate that the vortices probably develop deeper in Neptune’s atmosphere, becoming visible only when the top of the storm reaches higher altitudes.

    This Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 image of Uranus, taken in November 2018, reveals a vast, bright stormy cloud cap across the planet’s north pole.

    Credits: NASA, ESA, A. Simon (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center), and M.H. Wong and A. Hsu (University of California, Berkeley)

    The snapshot of Uranus, like the image of Neptune, reveals a dominant feature: a vast bright stormy cloud cap across the north pole.

    Scientists believe this new feature is a result of Uranus’ unique rotation. Unlike every other planet in the solar system, Uranus is tipped over almost onto its side. Because of this extreme tilt, during the planet’s summer the Sun shines almost directly onto the north pole and never sets. Uranus is now approaching the middle of its summer season, and the polar-cap region is becoming more prominent. This polar hood may have formed by seasonal changes in atmospheric flow.

    Near the edge of the polar storm is a large, compact methane-ice cloud, which is sometimes bright enough to be photographed by amateur astronomers. A narrow cloud band encircles the planet north of the equator. It is a mystery how bands like these are confined to such narrow widths, because Uranus and Neptune have very broad westward-blowing wind jets.

    Both planets are classified as ice giant planets. They have no solid surface but rather mantles of hydrogen and helium surrounding a water-rich interior, itself perhaps wrapped around a rocky core. Atmospheric methane absorbs red light but allows blue-green light to be scattered back into space, giving each planet a cyan hue.

    The new Neptune and Uranus images are from the Outer Planet Atmospheres Legacy (OPAL) program, a long-term Hubble project, led by Amy Simon of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, that annually captures global maps of our solar system’s outer planets when they are closest to Earth in their orbits. OPAL’s key goals are to study long-term seasonal changes, as well as capture comparatively transitory events, such as the appearance of Neptune’s dark spot. These dark storms may be so fleeting that in the past some of them may have appeared and faded during multi-year gaps in Hubble’s observations of Neptune. The OPAL program ensures that astronomers won’t miss another one.

    These images are part of a scrapbook of Hubble snapshots of Neptune and Uranus that track the weather patterns over time on these distant, cold planets. Just as meteorologists cannot predict the weather on Earth by studying a few snapshots, astronomers cannot track atmospheric trends on solar system planets without regularly repeated observations. Astronomers hope that Hubble’s long-term monitoring of the outer planets will help them unravel the mysteries that still persist about these faraway worlds.

    Analyzing the weather on these worlds also will help scientists better understand the diversity and similarities of the atmospheres of solar-system planets, including Earth.

    Contacts and sources:
    Claire Saravia
     NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center

    Ray Villard
    Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Maryland

    { https://beforeitsnews.com/v3/ }

    11-02-2019 om 22:02 geschreven door peter  

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    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Toch geen sneeuwman: verst waargenomen ruimteobject ooit heeft een andere vorm dan gedacht - HLN.be

    Toch geen sneeuwman: verst waargenomen ruimteobject ooit heeft een andere vorm dan gedacht - HLN.be

    Ultima Thule blijkt veel platter dan eerst gedacht. "Een hoogst ongebruikelijke vorm", zegt de NASA.

     rv 
    Ultima Thule blijkt veel platter dan eerst gedacht. "Een hoogst ongebruikelijke vorm", zegt de NASA.
    WETENSCHAP Begin januari leek hij nog op een sneeuwman, of een bowlingkegel. Maar nieuwe beelden laten nu zien dat Ultima Thule, het verste ruimteobject ooit door de mens bestudeerd, veel platter is dan eerst gedacht. Ultima Thule bevindt zich op zowat 6,6 miljard kilometer van ons.

    De ijsdwerg van 32 op 16 kilometer, die zich in de Kuipergordel bevindt, werd op nieuwjaarsdag gefotografeerd door de ruimtesonde New Horizons, die op 3.500 kilometer afstand van Ultima Thule beelden kon schieten.  

    Lees ook

    Eerste beeld vrijgegeven van verste ruimteobject ooit door de mens bestudeerd: ijsdwerg Ultima Thule blijkt een sneeuwman te zijn

    Maar nieuwe foto’s, data en analyses laten nu een ander beeld zien dan toen. De twee delen van Ultima Thule blijken eerder plat dan rond te zijn. De NASA vergelijkt beide delen nu met een platte pannenkoek en een gekartelde walnoot.

    “Dit is een ongelooflijke beeldenreeks, genomen door een ruimtetuig dat een kleine wereld laat zien op 6,6 miljard kilometer afstand van ons”, zegt hoofdwetenschapper Alan Stern van het Southwest Research Institute. “Onze eerste indruk werd gevormd door de weinige beelden die we begin januari kregen, maar nieuwe beelden en data hebben onze kijk veranderd. Belangrijker dan de nieuwe vorm is bovendien de vraag hoé Ultima Thule die vorm heeft gekregen. We hebben nog nooit zoiets gezien dat rond de zon draait.” De wetenschappers keken naar de sterren in de achtergrond, en meer bepaald welke sterren door de vorm van Ultima Thule geblokkeerd waren op de foto’s. Daardoor konden ze nu de vorm beter bepalen.

    Ultima Thule is een zogenaamde “contact binary”, de eerste die ooit echt is waargenomen. Oorspronkelijk waren het verschillende objecten die rond elkaar wentelden en na verloop twee grotere ruimtelichamen vormden. Ook die bleven rond elkaar draaien, tot ze bij elkaar kwamen en aan elkaar ‘vastgroeiden’. Het grote deel is 19 kilometer in doorsnee. Dat heeft de naam Ultima gekregen. Het kleinste deel, Thule genaamd, heeft een diameter van ongeveer 14 kilometer.

    De mensen achter de missie denken dat de twee delen van Ultima Thule al miljarden jaren aan elkaar vastzitten. Waarschijnlijk zijn ze al samengesmolten in de beginjaren van ons zonnestelsel, zo’n 4,6 miljard jaar geleden.

    De wetenschappers verwachten dat New Horizons binnenkort nog meer beelden zal doorsturen.

    New Data, New View
    Credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute

    Embedded video
    Johns Hopkins APL
    ✔@JHUAPL

    ‼️BREAKING‼️2014 MU69 (nicknamed #UltimaThule), is not, as it turns out, quite so round as initially anticipated. Images from @NASANewHorizons confirm the highly unusual, flatter shape of the #KBO: http://bit.ly/jhuapl-MU69 

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    11-02-2019 om 21:43 geschreven door peter  

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    Categorie:HLN.be - Het Laatste Nieuws ( NL)
    Klik hier om een link te hebben waarmee u dit artikel later terug kunt lezen.Warmt CO2 het klimaat echt wel op? (en nog drie knellende vragen die klimaatsceptici vaak stellen) - HLN.be

    Warmt CO2 het klimaat echt wel op? (en nog drie knellende vragen die klimaatsceptici vaak stellen) - HLN.be

    Bron: de Volkskrant

     Koen Hauser
    WETENSCHAP Als een veenbrand wordt het debat over het klimaatbeleid van onderaf brandende gehouden door een losvast netwerk van enkele tientallen klimaatsceptische geleerden, allen gepensioneerd en haast allen ingenieur. Hun klacht: we zijn veel te geobsedeerd door CO2, het is nog maar de vraag of de klimaatwetenschap wel klopt. Hebben ze een punt? We hielden vier van de steeds terugkerende kwesties tegen het licht - en gingen bij de heren op de koffie.

    1. “Klimaatverandering is van alle tijden, de mens heeft daarop maar bitter weinig invloed”

    • Guus Berkhout en Dick Thoenes in Elsevier, 11 oktober

    Lees ook

    Klimaatscepticus uit team Trump op boegeroep onthaald in Brussel

    HALF WAAR

    Laat het even inwerken. Zó zag Antarctica er 120 miljoen jaar geleden uit:

     British Antarctic Survey

    Kijk over je schouder naar het verleden, en al snel besef je dat klimaatverandering van alle tijden is. Dat geeft aan dat de planeet heus wel wat gewend is. Maar sceptici halen het verleden vooral van stal om aan te geven: zie je wel, het komt niet door de mens. ‘Klimaat verandert voortdurend, logisch dat het sindsdien dus weer wat opwarmt’, zoals Thierry Baudet pas nog twitterde in een bericht dat anderhalf duizend ‘likes’ kreeg.

    “Natuurlijk, het klimaat verandert altijd”, zegt hoogleraar paleo-oceanografie Appy Sluijs (Universiteit Utrecht). “Maar belangrijker is de vraag: waardoor kwam dat? En je ziet dan dat er vaak op de een of andere manier CO2 bij betrokken is, als aanjager van de temperatuur.”

    Neem het aflopen van de laatste ijstijd, zo’n twintig- tot tienduizend jaar geleden. De instraling van de zon veranderde, waardoor het warmer werd. Maar daarna kwam er CO2 vrij uit de diepzee en ging de wereldtemperatuur verder omhoog, hand in hand met de toename van broeikasgassen. Bij een andere bekende prehistorische warmteuitbraak, het ‘paleoceen-eoceen thermaal maximum’ van zo’n 56 miljoen jaar geleden, gaven waarschijnlijk vulkaanuitbarstingen de eerste duw, waarna er een enorme bel broeikasgas wegborrelde uit de zeebodem en de temperatuur in enkele duizenden jaren tijd met 5 of 6 graden steeg.

    En het recente verleden? Sceptici wijzen hier doorgaans op warme periodes uit historische tijden. De Vikingen vestigden zich op Groenland omdat het er vriendelijk en ‘groen’ was, in de Alpen komen onder de gletsjers soms boomresten vandaan die groeiden in de dagen van de Romeinen, en de middeleeuwen waren zo warm dat men in Engeland wijn verbouwde. Zie de geschatte temperatuur op het noordelijk halfrond (groen en rood) en in Engeland (blauw) sinds het jaar 1000 tot 2000:

     Realclimate

    Maar duik in de achterliggende studies, en de wetenschap achter zulke aansprekende anekdotes blijkt genuanceerd. Inderdaad wijzen zaken zoals oude koralen en chemische afdrukken in ijskernen en sedimenten erop dat het van ongeveer 900 tot 1300 warmer was op aarde. Warmer dan halverwege de vorige eeuw werd het wereldgemiddelde echter niet, en de opwarming die er was, was ongelijk verdeeld. Zo blijkt uit een omvangrijke reconstructie in Science dat de zuidelijke kant van Groenland precies op een warme plek lag – de rode vlek hieronder. Maar op veel plekken werd het juist koeler (blauw):

    Ook het zogeheten ‘holocene klimaatoptimum’, een warmte van zesduizend jaar geleden die de het-valt-wel-meeërs graag aanhalen, beperkte zich vooral tot het noordelijk halfrond, en dan nog vooral de zomers. “Feit is dat op wereldgemiddeld niveau het klimaat de afgelopen tienduizend jaar juist best stabiel was”, zegt Sluijs. 

    En dat blijkt inderdaad als je een temperatuurgrafiek van die periode erbij pakt, samengesteld uit een reconstructie  van de prehistorie (de blauwe lijn) en de moderne temperatuurmetingen (de rode lijn). De bobbel lijkt heel wat, maar het gaat hier om tienden van graden:

    Minstens zo belangrijk is een andere les van vroeger: klimaatverandering verandert de wereld. Tijdens de laatste echt hete episode – in de steentijd, zo’n 125 duizend jaar geleden – waren Antarctica en Groenland deels gesmolten en stond de zeespiegel zes tot negen meter hoger dan nu, een stand die veel kustgebieden in de problemen zou brengen.

    Bovendien gaat de huidige temperatuurstijging, naar historische maatstaven, extreem snel. Zie de rode piek hierboven, die momenteel doorgaat tot één graad, ver buiten het grafiekje.

    Na een ijstijd verandert de hoeveelheid CO2 met zo’n honderd deeltjes per miljoen (ppm) in tienduizend jaar, en dat is net zoveel als de afgelopen eeuw. “We schieten dus ongeveer 100 keer zo hard tegen de bal die we aarde noemen”, zegt ijskaponderzoeker Roderik van de Wal (Universiteit Utrecht). “Dat is ongekend. En we weten dat er een zekere traagheid in het systeem zit. Eén graad erbij in een eeuw tijd komt niet zomaar tot stilstand. Eigenlijk is iedereen het er wel over eens dat we om die reden alleen al sowieso nog een graad extra op ons dak krijgen.”

    2. “CO2 zou de oorzaak zijn van alle problemen, wat gewoon niet klopt.”

    • (Berkhout in De Telegraaf, 29 december)

    ONJUIST

    Dat de aarde tegenwoordig ongeveer één graad warmer is dan anderhalve eeuw geleden, daarover zijn vriend en vijand het wel eens. Dit is momenteel het beeld van de gemiddelde wereldtemperatuur, gemeten volgens drie methoden:

     
    Royal Society

    Maar dan de oorzaak. Het officiële IPCC-standpunt is dat het ‘extreem waarschijnlijk’ is – meer dan 95 procent zeker – dat menselijke broeikasgassen ‘de dominante factor’ zijn van de opwarming. In oktober scherpte het IPCC dat aan. Om precies te zijn: er is meer dan twee derde kans dat de waargenomen opwarming nagenoeg helemaal is toe te schrijven aan de mens.

    “Dat vertrouw ik niet”, zegt Berkhout. “Het IPCC zegt: het is allemaal nóg zekerder geworden, het staat nu helemaal vast. Op basis daarvan gaat de politiek nu honderden miljarden uitgeven. Maar hoe kun je dat nou zeggen? Het klimaat is altijd veranderd door natuurlijke oorzaken, en nu zou die natuurlijke kant opeens marginaal zijn?”

    Alleen beweert geen wetenschapper dat. De afgelopen decennia was men druk in de weer met het ‘afpellen’ van de natuurlijke factoren die het klimaat beïnvloeden.  Zoals de intensiteit van de zon (de blauwe lijn) tegenover de gemeten temperatuur (rood):

     Skeptical Science

    Zulke berekeningen voerde men ook uit voor de schommelingen in de aardbaan, omslagen in de zeestromen, ozon, kosmische straling, veranderend landgebruik enzovoorts. Al die natuurlijke omstandigheden leveren een wiebelende klimaatgrafiek op, die heel aardig meebeweegt met de werkelijk gemeten wereldtemperatuur. Met één verschil: het wordt niet, zoals in het echt, warmer. Alleen door CO2 en andere broeikasgassen toe te voegen aan de mix, gaat de wereldtemperatuur omhoog. Conclusie: CO2 is de hand die de wereldtemperatuur optilt.

    Dit is zoals dat er, volgens een Zwitsers onderzoek in Nature Geoscience, uitziet. Met alleen natuurlijke factoren zou de temperatuur min of meer rechtdoor lopen (paars), maar de waarnemingen (zwart) gaan omhoog , samen met de voorspelde opwarming door broeikasgassen (rood)

    Dat komt overigens niet onverwacht. Bekend is immers dat CO2 een broeikasgas is: het molecuul absorbeert (net als andere broeikasgassen) warmtestraling vanaf de aarde en straalt het weer uit naar alle kanten, waardoor er meer warmte blijft hangen in de dampkring. En het CO2-gehalte in de dampkring neemt toe door menselijke uitstoot, zoals deze metingen op Hawaii door het Amerikaanse onderzoeksinstituut NOAA laten zien:

     

    Er is meer dat op CO2 wijst. De nachten warmen meer op dan de dagen, precies zoals verwacht op een planeet die meer moeite heeft zijn infraroodstraling kwijt te raken. Hogere luchtlagen koelen wat af, wat een aanwijzing is dat de opwarming niet van de zon komt, maar uit de dampkring zelf. 

    En anderhalve eeuw metingen brengen een ijzeren wetmatigheid aan het licht: hoe meer broeikasgassen, des te hoger de temperatuur. Dat ziet er dan zó uit - let op de vele recente jaartallen rechtsboven:

    Voor de liefhebber: de twee correleren met een zogenoemde ‘r’ van 0,94, een bijna perfect verband. “Ik ken in het klimaat niets maar dan ook niets dat zo’n sterke correlatie vertoont”, zegt klimaatwetenschapper Geert Jan van Oldenborgh van het KNMI.

    Maar zijn broeikasgassen ook de hoofddader? Kan er niet stiekem een andere, nog onbekende factor in het spel zijn? Klimaatwetenschappers achten dat hoogst onwaarschijnlijk. Zo wees een recente statistische analyse uit dat er geen aanwijzing is voor zo’n nog verborgen x-factor. “Geloof me, die is er ook gewoon niet”, zegt Van Oldenborgh. “Reken maar dat we ons allemaal gek hebben gezocht. Want als je hier een gat in kunt schieten, sta je meteen in Nature.”

    “Mensen die beweren dat we alleen maar naar CO2 kijken en niet naar andere factoren, snappen er gewoon niets van”, zegt atmosfeerwetenschapper Bart Verheggen (Amsterdam University College). “Dat gaat er volledig aan voorbij dat we het systeem al heel lang bestuderen, en dat wat we zien en meten juist heel goed samenvalt met wat we al weten over CO2 en andere broeikasgassen. Er zijn meerdere bewijslijnen, en samen geven die een coherent beeld.”

    De Britse atmosfeerwetenschapper Ed Hawkins vatte zijn frustratie over het onbegrip afgelopen zomer pesterig samen in een Twitterbericht:

    Ed Hawkins
    ✔@ed_hawkins

    Answers to FAQs:
    1) Yes, the sun's output varies slightly
    2) Yes, the climate has changed before
    3) Yes, we've considered that
    4) Physics
    5) No, we're not getting rich from this
    The answer is still: humans are responsible for nearly all of the warming over the past 150 years

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    3. “De IPCC-modellen overschatten de waargenomen opwarming”

    • (Kees le Pair, pamflet ‘Nieuw klimaat alarm’, augustus 2018)

    ONDUIDELIJK

    Vertrouwd refrein bij de tegenbeweging: de klimaatmodellen overdrijven de boel! De modellen, ingewikkelde computerprogramma’s die het opwarmende klimaat nabootsen, voorspellen dat de wereldtemperatuur oploopt tot zo’n anderhalve graad rond het jaar 2040. Maar tot dusver gaat de echt gemeten opwarming veel langzamer, stellen de critici.

    In Elsevier illustreerde Berkhout dat, samen met emeritushoogleraar chemische technologie Dick Thoenes, met deze grafiek:

     

    De grafiek komt niet uit een wetenschappelijk tijdschrift, maar van een omstreden presentatie die atmosfeerwetenschapper John Christy van de Universiteit van Alabama drie jaar geleden hield voor het Amerikaanse congres (PDF). Daar ziet de grafiek er al wat wetenschappelijker uit:

    Let op dat Elsevier de onzekerheidsmarges wegliet, zodat de lijntjes meer los van elkaar lijken te staan dan ze in werkelijkheid doen. En zelfs dan is er op de grafiek veel aan te merken: het gaat alleen over de hogere luchtlagen, en technische zaken zoals de keuze van het nulpunt en de manier van gladstrijken zijn zo gekozen dat het verschil tussen waarneming en model extra groot lijkt. Toen NASA-klimaatwetenschapper Gavin Schmidt de grafiek hertekende, kreeg hij dan ook een grafiek waarin de satellietwaarnemingen veel minder achterlopen op de modellen:

    Let wel: “De verschillen zijn niet verdwenen’, moet ook Schmidt toegeven. Dat heeft alleen waarschijnlijk meer te maken met de metingen dan met de modellen, vermoeden kenners. Zo zijn ballonmetingen berucht onbetrouwbaar, alleen al omdat men er goedkope wegwerp-apparatuur gebruikt. Ook satellietwaarnemingen zijn weinig precies, zegt satellietonderzoeker Stef Lhermitte (TU Delft). ’Onder die meetreeksen zitten zeer veel onzekerheden en aannames.”

    Een andere kwestie speelt op de grond. Ook daar lopen de echt gemeten temperaturen sinds 1979 zo’n 35 procent achter op de modellen, volgens berekeningen van onder meer de onafhankelijke Britse wiskundige Nic Lewis. “Dit blijft een van de belangrijkste onderwerpen”, vindt klimaatpublicist Marcel Crok. “De mainstream weigert gewoon toe te geven dat de modellen de opwarming sinds 1979 met 35 procent overschatten.”

    Dat ziet er, op een grafiek van het IPCC, zó uit. Kijk een beetje heen door alle details en let op de

    blauwe lijntjes (de modellen): die lijken inderdaad wat sneller omhoog te gaan.

    Geert Jan van Oldenborgh van het KNMI wijst er echter op dat het beeld wordt verstoord door twee afkoelende vulkaanuitbarstingen, de El Chichon in 1982 en de Pinatubo in 1994: die twee blauwe kuiltjes naar beneden die u hierboven ziet. De effecten daarvan zijn in de modellen sterker dan in het echt – met als gevolg dat de modelopwarming daarna wat steiler omhoog lijkt te gaan. “Waarschijnlijk schrijven we aan een vulkaanuitbarsting te veel afkoelende zwaveldruppeltjes in de atmosfeer toe”, zegt hij. “En als je lager begint, ga je harder omhoog.”

    En bekijk bovenstaande grafiek vooral als geheel. Opvallend is dat de modellen de waargenomen trends (in grijs) over de hele eeuw juist prima berekenen. Sinds 2014 maakt de temperatuur bovendien een inhaalslag, waardoor de modellen minder achterlopen. “Ik ben juist iemand die de observaties heilig vindt’, zegt Van Oldenborgh. ’Maar in dit geval zitten de modellen opvallend goed.”

    Maar in de discussie over de klimaatmodellen heeft elk argument een tegenargument. Zo wijst Lewis erop dat de 35 procent achterstand ook blijft als je de periode ná de vulkanen onder de loep neemt. “Geert Jan verdedigt het onverdedigbare”, mailt hij.

    Zo kun je de zaak, afhankelijk van je aannames, op verschillende manieren bekijken. Volgens een recente analyse van de Amerikaanse klimaatwetenschapper Zeke Hausfather gingen de oudere IPCC-modellen 28 procent te langzaam en gaan de huidige modellen 9 procent te hard; volgens een andere, pas verschenen studie in Nature komen juist de klimaatmodellen die het ‘warmst’ staan afgesteld het beste overeen met de werkelijkheid.

    De enige zekerheid is dat er nog veel onzeker is – en dat alle afwijkingen ten opzichte van de modellen tot dusver nog binnen de marges van het toeval vallen. Volgens een Britse statistische analyse zal het nog jaren duren voordat we echt kunnen zeggen of de modellen al dan niet te warm staan afgesteld.

    Een ongemakkelijke situatie, vindt Lewis. “Natuurlijk zit er grote onzekerheid in de modellen. Maar het is de bovenkant en het gemiddelde van de verwachtingen waarop we ons klimaatbeleid baseren, niet de uitschieters aan de onderkant.”

    U kunt natuurlijk ook zelf inschatten hoe de vlag ervoor staat, door onderstaande animatie van de Britse klimaatsite Carbon Brief te bekijken. In 40 seconden heeft u dan een aardig gevoel hoe de modellen het vroeger deden - en hoe ze het nu doen:

    4. “Hoe meer CO2, hoe groener de aarde.”

    • (Berkhout in De Telegraaf, 25 januari)

    WAAR, MAAR VALSE VERGELIJKING

    In elk geval is er één voordeel. In een CO2-rijke, warmere broeikaswereld mag je meer plantengroei verwachten. Toch?

    Die vreugdekreet ligt menig klimaattwijfelaar in de mond bestorven – en het is wat de wetenschappelijke studies inderdaad laten zien. Ongeveer een kwart tot de helft van de begroeide planeet werd de afgelopen dertig jaar groener, bleek enkele jaren geleden uit een omvangrijke satellietstudie, doordat de groeiseizoenen langer worden en planten een hoger tempo van fotosynthese krijgen bij meer CO2. Intussen breidden de bossen in Siberië en Canada noordwaarts uit, en neemt het Amazonewoud al zo’n dertig jaar lang meer koolstof op dan het uitstoot, misschien omdat de natuur toewerkt naar een nieuw evenwicht.

    In  totaal ziet dat er ongeveer zó uit:

    Al met al zetten planten tegenwoordig zo’n 30 procent meer CO2 om in wortels, stengels, bladeren en vruchten dan vóór de industriële revolutie, blijkt uit de studie waaruit bovenstaande plaatje komt. Een gegeven, dat prompt werd opgepikt en als uithangbord werd gebruikt door rechts Amerika.

    “De zogenaamde koolstofvervuiling heeft meer gedaan voor het groen op de planeet dan al het klimaatbeleid van de wereld bij elkaar”, aldus de openlijk klimaatsceptische denktank het Competitive Enterprise Institute in een persbericht. Sindsdien klinkt dat argument uit vele kelen. Zoals die van Thierry Baudet:

    Thierry Baudet
    ✔@thierrybaudet

    Welnee, die film van Gore slaat echt werkelijk helemaal nergens op. Er is geen toename in extreme weersomstandigheden. Het klimaat warmt veel minder op dan altijd voorspeld. Meer CO2 heeft geweldig positief effect op plantengroei. Smog in India heeft niets met CO2 te maken. Etc.

    Karin Burger #FBPE🇪🇺@Kariningroen
    Replying to @thierrybaudet and 3 others

    @KLM die een film over klimaat toont, is ironisch. Point taken. Maar de film van @algore is accuraat en integer. En doet wat hij beoogt:alarmeren en daarmee agenderen. Opletpuntje voor jou: docu’s zijn nooit objectief.

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    Maar zo simpel ligt het niet. Zo werd zo’n 4 procent van de begroeide planeet niet groener maar juist bruiner, en zijn er ook streken waar de bomen krompen, vermoedelijk door de stijgende temperatuur.

    En niet alle vergroening komt door CO2, bracht een gedetailleerde analyse in november aan het licht. In Siberië, Europa en de VS profiteert de groene natuur vooral van CO2, in Australië is toegenomen regen de belangrijkste oorzaak, in Afrika en Azië zijn landbouw en bemesting hoofdreden. Zie onderstaand kaartje: de punten staan voor significante vergroening, de kleuren voor de hoofdoorzaak gunstigere temperatuur (roze), meer zonlicht (geel), meer regen (blauw), meer landbouw (groen), stikstofbemesting (oranje) en CO2 (groen):

    Bovendien is het de vraag hoe lang de groene golf aanhoudt, zegt hoogleraar tropische bosecologie Lourens Poorter (Wageningen Universiteit). “We hebben het hier over een korte-termijneffect. Na een tijdje zijn de planten eraan gewend en zakt hun fotosynthese-capaciteit weer in.” Zie de groene natuur als een bak waarin CO2 wordt opgeslagen: in een broeikaswereld wordt de bak groter, maar ook die raakt uiteindelijk vol. Planten sterven en vergaan, en daarbij komt een groot deel van hun koolstof weer vrij. “In Italië zijn de bomen sneller gaan groeien“, noemt Poorter als voorbeeld. ‘Maar ze gaan er ook sneller dood.’

    Afgezien daarvan zou je haast vergeten dat CO2 nog iets doet: namelijk, de wereld opwarmen en de oceanen verzuren. En terwijl de wereld vergroent, groeit ook de CO2-concentratie in de dampkring: de planten slagen er bij lange na niet in om de extra uitstoot te compenseren.

    Een mooi moment misschien om het voorgaande nog even in 52 seconden op u te laten inwerken, in deze videosamenvatting van Nasa:

    Goeiige opa’s die oprecht bezorgd zijn over de toekomst

    Het is na afloop van het gesprek, in de hal van het deftige Haagse Marriott Hotel, als Guus Berkhout, emeritus hoogleraar geofysica en oud-bestuurslid van de TU Delft, de verslaggever nog even staande houdt.

    “Weet je? Ik ben niet zo tevreden over dit interview”, bekent Berkhout, een hartelijke man met een rond gezicht en springerige witte krullen. “Kijk, wij hebben ruim dertig jaar ervaring, we hebben geëxcelleerd in de wetenschap, onze kennis wordt wereldwijd gebruikt en toegepast. Het zou mooi zijn als je zou schrijven: er zijn bezorgde wetenschappers met onze staat van dienst die erop wijzen dat we met het draaien aan de CO2-knop het klimaat niet naar believen kunnen veranderen.”

    Berkhout is een van de drijvende krachten achter een netwerk van enkele tientallen gepensioneerde heren, allen met een exacte achtergrond en haast allemaal oud-prominenten uit wetenschap en bedrijfsleven, die nadrukkelijk afstand nemen van de huidige klimaatkoers. Die zal ons in ‘kou en ellende’ storten en zelfs uitmonden in een ‘volksopstand’ en ‘massasterfte’, voorspelde een van hen – natuurkundige en oud-directeur van onderzoeksfinancier STW Kees le Pair – afgelopen zomer in een pamflet. Een tekst, die ook Berkhout, De Groot en 25 anderen ondertekenden.

    Ondertekenaars van het ‘Nieuw Klimaat Alarm’: Guus Berkout, Kees le Pair, Karel Wakker en Rutger van Santen. (van linksboven met de klok mee)

      Ondertekenaars van het ‘Nieuw Klimaat Alarm’: Guus Berkout, Kees le Pair, Karel Wakker en Rutger van Santen. (van linksboven met de klok mee)

    Onder hen mannen voor wie je vroeger nette kleding zou aandoen als je ze opzocht. Oud-rector van de TU Delft Karel Wakker. Oud-rector van de TU Eindhoven en winnaar van een Spinozapremie Rutger van Santen. Oud-onderzoeksdirecteur van Unilever B.G. Linsen. Emeritushoogleraren, zo’n twaalf in totaal. De meesten kennen elkaar van vroeger, van de universiteit of clubs als ingenieursvereniging KIVI-NIRIA. Soms lopen ze elkaar tegen het lijf op een reünie of academische plechtigheid; vaker vinden ze elkaar in praatgroepen of klimaatkritische weblogs als Climategate. (Bekijk hier een Excel-sheet met hun gegevens).

    “Bekijk opwarming positief”. Enkele weken geleden maakte Berkhout bekend dat hij een financier heeft gevonden, in de persoon van vastgoedmiljonair Niek Sandmann, om ‘breed klimaatonderzoek’ te laten doen, ‘waarbij CO2 slechts één onderdeel is’. Meer financiers hebben zich gemeld, zegt hij.

    Ach, laat ze, mopperende mannen van vroeger. Er zit geeneens een klimaatwetenschapper tussen. Een op de drie van hen werkte ooit voor Shell, turfde de linkse website Sargasso. Dit is de generatie van de jaren zestig en zeventig, de ingenieursgeneratie die ons land beveiligde tegen het water en het voorzag van stabiele energie. Niet gek dat ze in opstand komen nu de nieuwe generatie het weer helemaal anders wil. Windmolens, alsjeblieft zeg.

    Maar dat zou te makkelijk zijn. “We zijn allemaal gepensioneerd, en financieel onafhankelijk”, zegt De Groot. “De enige reden waarom we ons hierover nog druk maken, is omdat onze wetenschappelijke integriteit ons ertoe verplicht.”

    Hun onderliggende zorg is oprecht. We worden misleid, is hun stellige overtuiging. Door de Al Gores van deze wereld, de klimaatgoeroes met hun praatjes van hel en verdoemenis. “Maar zet daar vraagtekens bij, en je wordt meteen uitgemaakt voor klimaatontkenner”, zegt Berkhout.

    De Groot: “Deniers. Dat zet ons meteen in de foute hoek. Bij de holocaustontkenners.”

    Berkhout: “Terwijl we gewoon vragen hebben.”

    De Groot: “Ik denk: laat het nu eerst eens een tijdje gebeuren, en laten we ons aanpassen aan de klimaatverandering. In plaats van hier op stel en sprong zoveel geld aan te besteden. We lijken wel vergeten dat we enorm goed zijn in ons aanpassen aan het zeeniveau. Dat hebben we altijd gedaan.”

    Berkhout: “Onze boodschap is: beste politici, wacht even met die peperdure CO2-maatregelen. We dreigen wel onze betrouwbare energie-infrastructuur ten gronde te richten.”

    { https://www.hln.be/ }

    11-02-2019 om 21:30 geschreven door peter  

    0 1 2 3 4 5 - Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen)
    Categorie:HLN.be - Het Laatste Nieuws ( NL)


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