The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
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Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld Ontdek de Fascinerende Wereld van UFO's en UAP's: Jouw Bron voor Onthullende Informatie!
Ben jij ook gefascineerd door het onbekende? Wil je meer weten over UFO's en UAP's, niet alleen in België, maar over de hele wereld? Dan ben je op de juiste plek!
België: Het Kloppend Hart van UFO-onderzoek
In België is BUFON (Belgisch UFO-Netwerk) dé autoriteit op het gebied van UFO-onderzoek. Voor betrouwbare en objectieve informatie over deze intrigerende fenomenen, bezoek je zeker onze Facebook-pagina en deze blog. Maar dat is nog niet alles! Ontdek ook het Belgisch UFO-meldpunt en Caelestia, twee organisaties die diepgaand onderzoek verrichten, al zijn ze soms kritisch of sceptisch.
Nederland: Een Schat aan Informatie
Voor onze Nederlandse buren is er de schitterende website www.ufowijzer.nl, beheerd door Paul Harmans. Deze site biedt een schat aan informatie en artikelen die je niet wilt missen!
Internationaal: MUFON - De Wereldwijde Autoriteit
Neem ook een kijkje bij MUFON (Mutual UFO Network Inc.), een gerenommeerde Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in de VS en wereldwijd. MUFON is toegewijd aan de wetenschappelijke en analytische studie van het UFO-fenomeen, en hun maandelijkse tijdschrift, The MUFON UFO-Journal, is een must-read voor elke UFO-enthousiasteling. Bezoek hun website op www.mufon.com voor meer informatie.
Samenwerking en Toekomstvisie
Sinds 1 februari 2020 is Pieter niet alleen ex-president van BUFON, maar ook de voormalige nationale directeur van MUFON in Vlaanderen en Nederland. Dit creëert een sterke samenwerking met de Franse MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP, wat ons in staat stelt om nog meer waardevolle inzichten te delen.
Let op: Nepprofielen en Nieuwe Groeperingen
Pas op voor een nieuwe groepering die zich ook BUFON noemt, maar geen enkele connectie heeft met onze gevestigde organisatie. Hoewel zij de naam geregistreerd hebben, kunnen ze het rijke verleden en de expertise van onze groep niet evenaren. We wensen hen veel succes, maar we blijven de autoriteit in UFO-onderzoek!
Blijf Op De Hoogte!
Wil jij de laatste nieuwtjes over UFO's, ruimtevaart, archeologie, en meer? Volg ons dan en duik samen met ons in de fascinerende wereld van het onbekende! Sluit je aan bij de gemeenschap van nieuwsgierige geesten die net als jij verlangen naar antwoorden en avonturen in de sterren!
Heb je vragen of wil je meer weten? Aarzel dan niet om contact met ons op te nemen! Samen ontrafelen we het mysterie van de lucht en daarbuiten.
19-02-2019
Finally, humanity gets the tools needed to find life on other planets
Finally, humanity gets the tools needed to find life on other planets
In the "Star Trek" universe, humans made contact with aliens in 2063. In the real world, scientists could beat that mark by decades, at least when it comes to detecting signs of life beyond this rock.
Exactly four centuries ago this year, Galileo sent a letter to theGrand Duchess of Tuscanyto implore the powers-that-be of the time to accept the scientific fact that the Earth revolves around the sun and not the reverse.
It was not a new idea -- the ancient Greek Aristarchus made the same argument almost 2,000 years earlier, as did Copernicus in the 16th century -- but it was Galileo who finally had observations made with the newly invented telescope to prove the case.
Of course, that didn't save Galileo from persecution and spending the last decade of his life under house arrest, but eventually this fundamental idea became the foundation of astronomy and forever changed our view of the universe and our place in it.
Just as Galileo's telescope helped prove what had been suspected for centuries, now, exactly 400 years later, many scientists and observers believe a new generation of telescopes -- both under construction on Earth and planned for launch into space in the coming years -- will bring new discoveries that will again fundamentally alter humanity's view of our role in the wider cosmos. Specifically, it's believed these instruments could offer concrete evidence of what many suspect to be near a mathematical certainty: that we are not alone in the universe, that life exists in some form on other distant planets.
"I expect that in the next 10 to 20 years we might be able to determine with the future ground and space telescopes that some exoplanets are likely habitable or even habitable (not just potentially habitable) but not yet to confirm that any is inhabited; that might take longer than 30 years," Abel Méndez, who directs the Planetary Habitability Laboratory at the University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo, told CNET's Crave blog. "I hope I'm wrong and we do it earlier."
"(We are) embarking on the 'real search for alien life' by being the first generation capable of finding signs of life," Seager said on Twitter last year.
Alberto Conti✔@albertoconti
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@ProfSaraSeager What excites you the most about the search for life? What do you think we will find over the next 10 years #search4life
Sara Seager@ProfSaraSeager
.@albertoconti#search4life Embarking on the "real search for alien life" by being the first generation capable of finding signs of life
The new capability that Seager is referring to is the next generation of space telescopes that will succeed the likes of the Hubble, Kepler and Spitzer to better identify smaller, Earth-size planets and search for biosignatures emanating from their surfaces or atmospheres. NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), with a mirror almost three times larger than Hubble's, and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) are scheduled for launch in 2018 and 2017, respectively, and will team up to identify and then study potentially habitable or even potentially inhabited exoplanets.
Since the 1990s, there has been a boom in data confirming that our galaxy, our universe and even the unexplored corners of our solar system are utterly littered with planets and other large chunks of rock, some hosting ice, water, lakes, oceans and the building blocks of life.
Most of these discoveries -- from the possibly warm "soda ocean" beneath the surface of Saturn's moon Enceladus to Kepler 186-f, an Earth-size planet in the constellation Cygnus some 500 light-years away that may hold water -- have been made with telescopes and technology designed and built pre-Facebook and pre-iPhone. The Hubble space telescope, a veteran workhorse of space exploration, was built in the 1980s.
When it comes to searching the cosmos for signs of life, it's kind of like we're living in the age of Google, but still relying on the microfiche machine in the back of the library to help us find what we're looking for.
"If we want to study (many more) potentially habitable terrestrial planets around nearby stars, there are a couple of things that we need. First, if we plan to observe them with JWST we need to find planets eclipsing bright, nearby, low-mass stars," Heather Knutson, an assistant professor of planetary science at the California Institute of Technology, told CNET's Crave blog. "TESS is a crucial step in this process because it will find the closest, brightest transiting planet systems that will make ideal targets for JWST to characterize."
Astrobiologists won't look through the JWST and see real-life Wookiees orKlingons waving back at us, but it will allow distant rocky planets and their characteristics to begin to come into focus, in a manner of speaking. Right now, Hubble has a hard time characterizing smaller planets, so this is an important step toward identifying far-off Earth cousins and their characteristics.
The 7 confirmed exoplanets most likely to host life (pictures)
The next step to ID'ing E.T., even in microscopic form, would be to get a positive hit for biosignature gases -- such as methane, oxygen or carbon dioxide, just to name the familiar ones -- from one of these planets.
While Knutson believes "we certainly won't be able to detect biosignatures" with JWST, Seager is not quite so pessimistic, having said it could be the telescope's most exciting discovery, but would require good luck.
But we've mentioned just two of the planned new telescopes to come in the next decade. NASA's Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST); the European Space Agency's Gaia (launched 2013) and planned PLATO satellites; new ground-based telescopes in Hawaii, Chile (the Giant Magellan Telescope) and elsewhere, as well as Seager's own Starshade project, which she explains in the TEDx talk embedded below, will all contribute to the search for distant life over the next 15 years or more.
Not surprisingly, much of this equipment will be far more powerful than what's been used to make the exciting exoplanet discoveries of the last few years, giving us exponentially more capability than ever before. But even optimists like Seager caution that there's still a scientific process to be performed before we can point to a star in the night sky and tell our children that it hosts life in its solar system (something she does believe she'll be able to do in her lifetime).
Once biosignatures have been detected on exoplanets, those atmospheres will need to be observed in more detail to eliminate "false positives," and that may require yet another generation of telescope technology.
Here's the illustration Mendez likes to use in his presentations showing how he expects the search to progress against a timeline of new telescope and satellite launches along the bottom
PHL/UPR-Arecibo
Even if it took more than 40 years, that still puts us ahead of the schedule for first contact used in the "Star Trek" universe, where humans meet aliens for the first time in 2063.
NASA astronomer Kevin Hand is even more optimistic. Hand said last year that he expects we'll find life elsewhere by 2034. After all, it seems increasingly likely that we may not have to scan all the heavens, using advanced telescopes to intricately discern the molecules floating around on planets light-years away.Curiosity could find bacteria in Martian soil tomorrow. Cassini might spy biosignatures in Enceladus' plumes next week. Our own solar system looks livelier all the time. Perhaps it will turn out that it is literally so.
In a best-case scenario, the next decade could see near-simultaneous discoveries of life on Europa -- thanks to NASA's planned mission to the Jovian moon -- and on a distant exoplanet emitting oxygen picked up by JWST.
Even if the most conservative estimates by scientists (and "Star Trek" creator Gene Roddenberry) that we're still decades away from discovering E.T. prove true, these are nonetheless exciting times to be conducting the search. It's the rapid and accelerating pace of discovery since the launch of Hubble in 1990 and the identification of the first exoplanet in the mid-1990s that really capture the imagination.
PHL/UPR-Arecibo
It took almost two centuries for the heliocentric model of the solar system proved by Copernicus and Galileo to be accepted by the powers that be, but these are very different times.
Consider that in just about two decades, we've gone from a universe in which we could point to not a single other planet like ours to keeping a catalog of them, a catalog it now seems could eventually contain billions of entries. And in just the past two years, we've made discoveries both about those distant planets and about the many fascinating rocks in our own solar system that prove that the building blocks of life, including water, are much more abundant than we might have thought.
After millennia, we are just beginning to be able to see the true nature of the cosmos and our place within it. We are squinting at the universe right now, and at distant signs of potential life. The blurry visions we're currently grasping at are already pretty amazing, but in the next few years we will turn on telescopes and other technology that will allow us to finally bring this broader picture more clearly into focus.
Dr. John Alexander - UFOs: Myths, Conspiracies, and Realities
Dr. John Alexander - UFOs: Myths, Conspiracies, and Realities
This is retired Army Col. John Alexander's International UFO Congress lecture from 2011.
Alexander’s presentation will include an insider’s view of how the U.S. government deals with UFOs and other phenomena with detailed explanation about specific events. While supporting the physical reality of UFOs, he will discuss some of the myths that have been built up over time. Noting that real disclosure has happened yet gone unnoticed, Alexander will examine disclosure and address its actual confirmation.
John Alexander is a retired U.S. Army Colonel and a leading advocate for the development of non-lethal weapons. For the first time anywhere his new book, UFOs: Myths, Conspiracies, and Realities, which provides a government insider’s look at the UFO phenomena, will be available. In his book, Alexander discusses the organization he created while on active duty to explore this topic. Comprised of members across the Department of Defense and aerospace industries, Alexander was surprised at what he learned when he briefed the leaders of many of these agencies. A very important aspect of this book is a description of how government agencies really work, and how an individual’s belief system impacts the organization’s operations.
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Er is een nachtelijk spektakel in aantocht. Zet je schrap voor de supersneeuwmaan, de grootste en felste maan van het jaar
Er is een nachtelijk spektakel in aantocht. Zet je schrap voor de supersneeuwmaan, de grootste en felste maan van het jaar
Als het weer het toelaat is er vanavond een zogenoemde supersneeuwmaan te zien. De volle maan lijkt dan veel groter dan normaal. Ook is het maanlicht feller dan bij een gebruikelijke volle maan.
Dit komt doordat het hemellichaam dichter bij de aarde staat dan een gemiddelde volle maan.
Vanwege de elliptische baan van de maan om de aarde verandert de afstand tussen de maan en onze planeet gedurende het jaar.
Goede kans
Gemiddeld is de afstand tussen de maan en de aarde 384.000 kilometer, maar bij een supermaan staat de maan ‘slechts’ 357.000 kilometer van ons vandaan.
Er is een goede kans dat de maan te zien is, want er zijn dinsdag opklaringen. De supermaan lijkt het grootst aan het begin van de avond, wanneer de zon net onder is.
De tweede volle maan van het jaar wordt de sneeuwmaan genoemd. Volgens de Amerikaanse ruimtevaartorganisatie NASA begon een indianenstam in de Verenigde Staten met die benaming.
Drie supermanen
Vorige maand viel de supermaan samen met een maansverduistering, waardoor de maan rood kleurde. We spraken toen van een superbloedmaan.
De volgende supermaan zal te zien zijn op 19 maart, wat betekent dat we dit jaar op maar liefst drie supermanen worden getrakteerd.
Scientists have found footprints that could have possibly been made by Neanderthals thousands of years ago. The footprints were discovered in Gibraltar – more specifically, the area of Catalan Bay Sand Dunes – which is located on Spain’s southern coast. The sand sheets from the dunes above Catalan Bay were from the last glacial period when the water levels there were around 120 meters below where they are today.
An international journal called Quaternary Science Reviewspublished a paper with help from scientists from the Gibraltar National Museum, as well as their colleagues from Japan, Portugal, and Spain. Their work began ten years ago when they discovered footprints that were created by vertebrates that lived in Gibraltar. Those footprints were made from red deer, leopards, ibex, aurochs, and straight-tusked elephants.
What’s even more exciting is that they discovered footprints of a young human who could very well have been a Neanderthal. This human is said to have been between 106 and 126 cm tall which is between 40 and 50 inches in height. Since it is believed that this human lived around 29,000 years ago, that would mean that he was most likely a Neanderthal from Gorham’s Cave in Gibraltar.
The researchers used Optically-Stimulated Luminescence (or OSL) to figure out the dates of the sediment deposits that were found on the lower cliff foot dunes above Catalan Bay. OSL was able to date the quartz sediment deposits by figuring out when it was last exposed to sunlight.
If these footprints are proven to be from a Neanderthal, it would be only the second location on the entire planet that has confirmed footprints made by these ancient human ancestors. The second location is Vartop Cave which is located in Romania. It would also be extremely important information regarding the Gibraltar Pleistocene heritage.
Discovering ancient footprints of animals and perhaps even a Neanderthal is an incredible find in regards to the history of Gibraltar. “This is extraordinary research and gives us an incredible insight into the wildlife community of Gibraltar’s past. We should all take a moment to imagine the scene when these animals walked across our landscape. It helps us understand the importance of looking after our heritage,” Minister for Heritage John Cortes MP said. He added, “I congratulate the research team on uncovering this fascinating, hidden evidence of our Rock’s past.”
When is a comet a UFO? When it makes impossible changes in short amounts of time. Comet 41P slowed its rotation speed by 3X or 300% when it was closest to Earth. And why you say? Because its not a comet, its an alien probe that was scanning Earth. This is not a comet, but an alien probe sent to pass all the planets and moons in our solar system and scan them for advancements in life, technology, and to detect any changes in those places since it last passed by. You can even see that when I add contrast to the photo of Comet 41P, along the lower edges is seen large rectangular wall of structures. Comets don't have structures, only alien ships would have structures. It sounds like NASA is not telling us the full truth about this one. Scott C. Waring NASA states:
Observations by NASA's Swift spacecraft, now renamed the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory after the mission’s late principal investigator, have captured an unprecedented change in the rotation of a comet. Images taken in May 2017 reveal that comet 41P/Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresák — 41P for short — was spinning three times slower than it was in March, when it was observed by the Discovery Channel Telescope at Lowell Observatory in Arizona. The abrupt slowdown is the most dramatic change in a comet's rotation ever seen.
Triangle UFO within Disk Recorded By Australian Police During Lightning Storm, Feb 16, 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Triangle UFO within Disk Recorded By Australian Police During Lightning Storm, Feb 16, 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: February 16, 2019
Location of sighting: Broome, Australia
This UFO appeared during a lightning storm over Australia this week and was caught on CCTV cameras in a police car. The glowing white object looks like a disk, but then a bright white triangle appears in its center as it moves away. That is why the camera didn't follow it is that it was a dashboard camera on the police car. At first seeing the disk, I had doubts, but when this object lit up with a triangle within it...I knew it was 100% real.
I also noticed on their Twitter feed that the police try to downplay the earlier tweet by tweeting again saying it was probably a reflection, but know this, police are not UFO experts. They are just down playing the UFO sighting to keep their jobs, security and some are probably close to retirement and don't want to risk losing the benefits it comes with. Talking about UFOs is still seen as taboo...forbidden among many. I get that, they have families to think of, but know this. Thats a real UFO, and its causing the lightning storm to appear, not the other way around.
Scott C. Waring-Taiwan
Eyewitness states:
"After reviewing CCTV at town beach of last nights storm, it appears we were not alone," the police's official Twitter feed wrote, followed by a string of UFO emoji.
Are Aliens Secretly Studying Life on Earth from Afar? The Zoo Hypothesis Says Yes
Are Aliens Secretly Studying Life on Earth from Afar? The Zoo Hypothesis Says Yes
Written byJoanie Faletto
Running into an alien on the bus would be strange — but it's almost equally strange that humankind has never encountered aliens. The universe is vast. Can we really be alone in it? (Cue "X-Files" theme song.)
The Fermi Paradox
Think about it: What are the chances that life on Earth is the only life in the impossibly gigantic universe? There are probably 100 Earth-like planets for every grain of sand in the world, yet we've never even heard from an extraterrestrial life form. No "Hey" — not even a "U up?" Why?
We're not the first people to wonder. Enrico Fermi, a Nobel Prize-winning physicist, also thought it was odd. As he famously put it to his friends in the cafeteria one day: "Where is everybody?" In 1950, this became formalized as the Fermi paradox. How can we have not one scrap of evidence aliens exist, when it's overwhelmingly likely that they do?
You might assume aliens are just too far away, but Fermi wasn't swayed by that argument. An alien civilization with a solid space program could make rapid imperial progress, Fermi argued. He estimated it would take just 10 million years for an alien civilization to take over our entire galaxy. They've had tons of chances when you consider that the Milky Way Galaxy has been around for 10 billion years.
(This isn't what Fermi won the Nobel for, FYI; that was for his research into radioactivity and nuclear reactions. Feeling excluded from the universe's social scene was a side project.)
The Spooky "Zoo Hypothesis"
One explanation of the Fermi paradox is the zoo hypothesis. It's admittedly a freaky situation to consider, but here it is: aliens know we earthlings are here, but they're purposely avoiding contact with us, opting to study us from afar instead.
This hypothesized answer to the Fermi Paradox was proposed by MIT astronomer John A. Ball in 1973. It's named the zoo hypothesis because it suggests that all life on Earth is just like an animal (or, you know, a few billion animals) at the zoo — look, but don't touch! Ball suggests that maybe alien civilizations are advanced enough to know not to influence our primitive society, or not to get involved with other intelligent lifeforms (the Prime Directive, anybody?).
Overall, Ball laid out 10 possible solutions to Fermi's Paradox. The zoo hypothesis covers just two of them: in one, aliens find us "of some interest" and study us casually; in the other, aliens find us "interesting" and pay closer attention. In both scenarios, though, they're actively avoiding us. Harsh.
In an even harsher solution, outside the zoo hypothesis, aliens know about us and don't care. In this scenario, "We pose no threat, and we have nothing they want," Ball writes. "This is a likely but a very unpopular answer, for it seems to downgrade mankind's importance, and we do like to feel important."
A more popular answer to the Fermi Paradox is that alien life is still very primitive or has already come and gone. At this point, it's really anyone's guess. So if you want to assume we're a Very Important Species, at this point, go ahead. Why not?
I write about archaeology, cultural heritage, and unusual claims
Rover and Pyramids on MarsGETTY
NASA’s Martian rover Opportunity breathed its last digital gasp this week. What was a busy scurrying robot picking over and investigating the Martian landscape is now a slowly decaying pile of metal and circuitry. That is to say, Opportunity has entered my world, the world of abandoned things that is archaeology.
Humans have been dreaming about Martian archaeology for well over a century now. When the Italian Astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli described seeing canali on the surface of the red planet in 1877, many in the English-speaking world began to speculate that Schiaparelli was referring to artificially constructed canals. Percival Lowell became the largest champion of this interpretation. In his 1895 book “Mars,” Lowell claimed that the canals of Mars had been built by a desperate alien race seeking to salvage what water they could from the planet’s melting ice caps.
A drawing by Percival Lowell (1896) depicting "canals" and dark areas on Mars.
GETTY
As telescopes continued to improve, the Martian canals evaporated as quickly as the water they were meant to contain, but Mars’ association with fantastical archaeology was only beginning. In an 1898 science fiction novel, “Edison’s Conquest of Mars,” author Garrett P. Serviss told of a human expedition to the Red Planet that was sent as a counter strike against the Martian invaders depicted in H.G. Wells’ “War of the Worlds” (which was plagiarized by Serviss in his own book “Fighters from Mars”). During the assault on Mars, the invaders encountered an encampment of human slaves whose ancestors had been captured in a Martian raid on Earth 9,000 years earlier. These slaves related a great secret to their liberators, when visiting Earth the Martians had built the Great Pyramid of Egypt along with the Sphinx.
As the era of Pulp Fiction boomed, stories of the inhabitants of Mars abounded. Most successful were Edgar Rice Burroughs’ stories about the adventures of John Carter, a Civil War veteran who magically found himself on the surface of Mars. Carter encountered a Martian landscape filled with fantastical cities and alien races. The theme of ancient ruins on Mars continued to echo as Burroughs’ hero regularly found himself in long abandoned cities.
Martian ruins took on a decidedly more sinister appearance in, noted Weird Tales author, Clark Ashton Smith’s 1932 story “The Vaults of Yoh-Vombis,” which tells the story of human archaeologists visiting an ancient Martian city. As the archaeologists approached the tumbled monoliths, the story’s narrator proclaims “I have seen the hoary, sky-confronting walls of Machu Picchu amid the desolate Andes; and the frozen, giant-builded battlements of Uogam on the glacial tundras of the nightward hemisphere of Venus. But these were as things of yesteryear compared to the walls upon which we gazed.” Without revealing the ending, it should be noted that the archaeologists do not fare well when they pass within these ancient walls.
In the ensuing decades, it seemed ever clearer that Lowell’s dreams of an ancient Martian race building canals and other structures across the planet was best left to fiction, but in 1976 NASA’s Viking 1 orbiter arrived in Martian orbit and the planet’s story shifted yet again. Among the pictures sent back to Earth by Viking 1 was a photograph of a region of Mars known as Cydonia, which included a massive geological feature that appeared to resemble a humanoid face. Controversy swirled as NASA officials insisted the face was simply a geological oddity, while others began to speculate that at long last Martian monuments had been found.
Image of the Cydonia region taken by the Viking 1 orbiter.
NASA/JPL
Vincent DiPietro and Gregory Molenaar lead the charge in proclaiming the importance of Cydonia to the public. Together they authored “Face in Space,” an article for Omni Magazine (April, 1982), as well as a book, “Unusual Martian Surface Features,” which argued that the Cydonia photos revealed not only a monumental sculpted face but also pyramids and other artificial structures. DiPietro and Molenaar attracted a great deal of attention with their claims, but ultimately it was a difficult case to prove. People either believed the official NASA statements that these were simply natural features, or they indulged their itch for conspiracy and imagined that perhaps Mars had been home to an ancient race.
As NASA began carrying out more missions to Mars, many eagerly waited to see what new images might come from Cydonia. Finally, in 2001 the Mars Global Surveyor sent back a high-resolution image of the “Martian Face.” To the disappointment of many, the face had faded to a simple rocky outcrop. The structure was photographed again in 2007 by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, further dashing our hopes and dreams for an ancient Martian monument as the rocky ridges and eroded slopes came into ever clearer resolution.
HiRISE captured this image (PSP_003234_2210) of an eroded mesa made famous by its similarity to a human face in a Viking Orbiter image with much lower spatial resolution and a different lighting geometry.
NASA/JPL/UNIV. OF ARIZONA
Yet all along this journey, the Martian landscape has become populated by actual human-made objects. Fourteen separate missions from four different space agencies have littered the surface of Mars with not only landers and rovers, but heat shields, parachutes, and an untold number of broken bits. As an archaeologist, I love broken bits.
The things that people make and leave behind tell a different story than written history. A physical examination of landing sites on Mars would reveal critical details about why some landers arrived safely while others crashed to never be heard from again. Even the crashed landers tell a story of human triumph and ingenuity. One day, an astronaut will walk up to the original Viking 1 lander and marvel at the accomplishments of their ancestors. The material heritage we are currently scattering across the Martian surface will stand for centuries to come as a symbol of what we as human beings can do.
This mosaic of the bright spot known as Cerealia Facula inside the dwarf planet Ceres' Occator Crater is based on images obtained by NASA's Dawn spacecraft during its second extended mission, from an altitude as low as about 21 miles (34 kilometers).
Some parts of the dwarf planet Ceresharbored pockets of near-surface water for millions of years in the recent past, a new study suggests.
Researchers analyzed observations of Ceres' Occator Crater made byNASA's Dawn spacecraft, which studied the dwarf planet from orbit from March 2015 to October 2018, when the probe ran out of fuel.
The 57-mile-wide (92 kilometers) Occator sports dramatic bright spots, which Dawn team members determined are salts left behind when briny water boiled away into space. This water likely began as subsurface ice, which was melted by the intense heat of the impact that created Occator about 20 million years ago. Once liquefied, some of it bubbled up to the surface via fissures and was lost. [In Pictures: The Changing Bright Spots of Dwarf Planet Ceres]
Such sublimation occurred as recently as 4 million years ago; that's the apparent age of the youngest deposits on Occator's floor. And that 16-million-year gap is puzzling, researchers said.
"It’s difficult to maintain liquid so close to the surface," study co-author Julie Castillo-Rogez, a planetary scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California, said in a statement. Indeed, previous research has estimated that "cryomagma" could stay liquid in Occator's near subsurface for just 400,000 years or so.
But the new study provides at least a partial answer. Modeling work by Castillo-Rogez and study lead author Marc Hesse, an associate professor at the University of Texas' Jackson School of Geosciences, suggest that Occator's near subsurface contains insulating materials, which could have kept the "cryomagma" liquid for about 10 million years.
This close-up photo of the Vinalia Faculae in Ceres' Occator Crater was captured by NASA's Dawn spacecraft in its second extended mission, from an altitude as low as 21 miles (34 kilometers).
"Now that we're accounting for all these negative feedbacks on cooling — the fact that you release latent heat, the fact that as you warm up the crust it becomes less conductive — you can begin to argue that if the ages are just off by a few million years, you might get it," Hesse said in the same statement.
"They used more up-to-date data to create their model,” said JPL planetary geologist Jennifer Scully, who was not involved in the new research. "This will help in the future to see if all of the material involved in the observed deposits can be explained by the impact, or does this require a connection to a deeper source of material. It’s a great step in the right direction of answering that question."
The Dawn spacecraft enjoyed a long and very productive life. Before its work at the 590-mile-wide (950 km) Ceres, Dawn orbited the protoplanet Vesta, which is about 330 miles (530 km) wide. Vesta and Ceres — the two largest objects in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter — are considered leftovers from the solar system's planet-formation days, and Dawn's mission was designed to help shed light on this mysterious, long-ago epoch (hence the name, which is not an acronym).
Dawn was the first probe ever to orbit a dwarf planet, and the first to circle two celestial bodies beyond the Earth-moon system.
Mike Wall's book about the search for alien life, "Out There" (Grand Central Publishing, 2018; illustrated by Karl Tate) is out now.
A View for the Future: Sending an xCT Scanner to Mars
NASA is digging ever more deeply into understanding the makeup of the surfaces of Mars and our Moon. A lot can be learned by sending instruments to land on these places, but vastly more can be discovered by bringing back samples for analysis here on Earth thanks to increasingly capable laboratory instruments. The only difficulty with that is, “every gram back from Mars will cost millions of dollars to transport,” said James B. Garvin, Chief Scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. With that in mind, Dr. Garvin and colleagues have proposed “triaging” the samples in place to decide in advance which would be most valuable to transport back to Earth. Recently, Garvin turned to NASA engineers Justin S. Jones and Ryan Kent to investigate the feasibility of achieving instrumentation to do that on the surfaces of the Moon and Mars. Their solution is to use x-ray Computed Tomography (xCT) to obtain 3D images of the interiors of potential samples as a first step in “high-grading.”
WILL IT WORK?
They first needed to demonstrate that xCT could indeed obtain x-ray images of Mars-like or lunar rocks. To investigate whether it could work, Jones used an industrial CT to evaluate volcanic rocks from a newly formed island in the South Pacific as well as other specimens, such as two lunar brecciated meteorites that fell in Northwest Africa. “Even with samples encased in protective glass and metal cases filled with nitrogen, the scanner revealed previously undetected minerals and 3-D arrangements at extremely fine scales,” said Garvin.
Figure 1. Lunar meteorite ready for xCT scan.
INDUSTRIAL VS MEDICAL SCANNERS
CT scanners used for imaging people and for imaging objects are conceptually the same: in both, you're utilizing x-ray beam projections from multiple angles around the sample. The main difference is, in the medical side, the CT technique is what's called a helical CT scan — you're taking a line scan of x-rays through a helical sweep around the body, which is stationary. With an industrial CT, the only moving part is the sample, which rotates; the x-ray source and the detector are stationary. Rather than a helical line scan, the industrial CT uses a planar, full screen digital detector to capture a two-dimensional radiograph from different angles as the sample rotates. The rotation stage is incremented perhaps a tenth or a quarter of a degree, another image is captured, and so on until you get all the way around. The raw data is a series of two-dimensional radiographs that are used to assemble a 3D image through a process known as filtered back-projection reconstruction.
Figure 2. 3D xCT view of the lunar sample showing the bright, highly x-ray absorbing mineral, believed to be barite (barium sulfate) or possibly Fe-based. (Sample borrowed from the Dr. Jay Piatek Meteorite Collection)
That wasn't always the case. According to Jones, CT computers have significantly evolved, partly due to the gaming community. The key development was improved graphics processing units (GPU) that can process multiple reconstruction paths simultaneously. This means it is no longer necessary to capture industrial CT data using incremental slice scans, which was very time consuming.
EXTRATERRESTRIAL CT SCANNING
So, getting a CT scanner to Mars, or even to the lunar surface, or the International Space Station, would be a good way to determine the most valuable samples to transport. There's just one difficulty with this plan: today's CT scanners are typically large, high-power devices that generally require human assistance for sample setup. To send one into space, it would have to be drastically down-sized — a daunting challenge. “There are some hurdles we would have to encounter, the power source is the big one,” said Jones. But Garvin and Jones think it can be done and are working with experts within and outside of NASA to find workarounds for these hurdles. “And if so, what a tool for future astronauts and robotic rovers to use to select the most compelling samples,” said Garvin.
Figure 3. Lava sample.
“Once the CT is in place, picking up the sample and rotating it is achievable,” said Garvin. He explained that “right now, the sample handling system on the Mars Curiosity Rover has all kinds of motions and spinning cells and 'shake and bake’ things to do what it does, so, going the next step: putting marble-sized samples of Mars or the moon or an asteroid for example, into one of these miniaturized X-ray computed tomography devices on another planet is not inconceivable.” All that has to be done is put a little piece of rock into a chamber on a rover spacecraft like Curiosity, align, and rotate it.
THE ADVANTAGES OF XCT
As you explore the surface of an extraterrestrial body, it's hard to decide just by the look of things what might be useful to examine further. The trouble is knowing, “is this a useful sample, this gray grungy thing from the Moon or Mars — most rocks kind of look gray and grungy,” said Garvin. So, it would be a great help to have an advance idea of what the sample might have to offer internally.
Figure 4. 3D/volumetric view of the lava sample. The bulk of the rock has been shaded as translucent. The bright inclusions within this volume are a highly x-ray absorbing phase of material within the rock. The plane intersecting this volume is a “cutting plane” (2D slice). It shows what the rock would look like if you were to cut it open along that plane.
There are other ways to examine the interior of a sample, so why CT? One option could be to cut open a small sample of a specimen. The trouble with that is that since the sample is just a small part of a larger object, it is impossible to use it to accurately judge the structure of the whole. In one sample that the team recently studied, “The state of the art published data, gleaned through destructive physical cross-sections, says certain features are 100 microns in scale (0.1 mm). Then, when you look at the scale of the whole rock, all of a sudden there are ones that are 100 times that — that changes the interpretation,” Garvin said. Even with samples that have been brought to earth, a CT could be used to precisely locate features you want to study so that you know in advance where to slice.
WHAT COULD WE LEARN FROM A 3D X-RAY?
The X-Ray CT is like a three-dimensional picture that can be enhanced by adding pseudo-colors and analyzed with the help of 3D rendering software. “It's not telling us: this is iron, or this is manganese, but it will tell you: this element, or this grain, or this structure in the rock is a higher density than the neighboring grain,” said Jones. It shows relative densities by virtue of the fact that x-rays are absorbed as a function of the atomic number in the periodic table — the higher the atomic number, the higher the absorption. “The chemistry of the way the rock forms, produces 3D signatures that are definitive,” added Garvin.
THE XCT — ENGINEERING TOOL IN SPACE
There are other uses for an extraterrestrial CT: inspection and maintenance of equipment. For example, there is now a 3D printer on the International Space Station and there is talk of employing one in a future human habitat on the Moon to create tools and instruments. Computed Tomography is the only practical method for inspecting parts created with 3D printers, due to their inherent complexity. If a part fails, the CT can be used to analyze the fault. It gives you a virtual three-dimensional view, including any pores, inclusions, cracks, or crack-initiators. Especially in a habitat on the moon, resources are very limited so it will be valuable to know whether it is safe to reuse a component from a failed mechanism.
WHAT IS THE FUTURE FOR 3D CT SCANNING IN SPACE?
“An exciting step would be to put one of these things into the next generation crew-vehicle we're hoping to send to cislunar orbit as part of the president's new space policy and have samples come to it, but not back to Earth,” Garvin said. He explained that robots and people could go to the Moon and bring the samples back to this orbiting gateway. We would then see a three-dimensional image and triage for the most interesting samples for return to Earth. “This would save the expense of bringing home samples that have mass and need care and feeding to do it right — a big step when you bring something home to earth, particularly if it's with a crew, as we did so well with Apollo,” said Garvin. “xCT and other innovations (e.g. laser confocal microscopes) that permit detailed studies of the interiors or surfaces of samples in 3D, at micrometer scales, could revolutionize planetary sciences in the upcoming decades, especially for the Moon and Mars.”
This article was written by Ed Brown, Associate Editor of Photonics & Imaging Technology. For more information, Click Here.
Printed Sensors Could Simplify NASA’s Extraterretrial Scanning
Printed Sensors Could Simplify NASA’s Extraterrestrial Scanning
It’s no secret that remotely scanning extraterrestrial environments requires quite a lot of state-of-the-art technology. Aside from the space travel tech, there is the problem of building the actual sensors that will be picking up light traces of water vapor, gases or temperature changes. Luckily however, NASA is looking to develop 3D printed sensors that are lighter and more compact than ever. The sensors will serve as the basis for a potentially revolutionary, nanomaterial-based detector platform.
Mahmooda Sultana is the lead technologist for the project, having won funding to advance this concept through a $2 million technology development award. Potentially, the system will be capable of sensing everything from minute concentrations of gases and vapor, atmospheric pressure and temperature. It will then transmit all this data, using a wireless antenna, back to NASA’s ground controllers.
What’s most impressive about the project is that it could do all this from a single, self-contained platform. It’s also a marvel that the platform could measure just two-by-three-inches in size. The potential for miniaturisation that printed sensors provide is a major boon to simplifying NASA’s extraterrestrial terrain scanning capabilities.
Currently, the team is busy measuring which set-up is best for the design. This reequires determining which combination of materials can best measure minute (down to parts-per-billion) concentrations of water, ammonia, methane and hydrogen.
Miniaturization & Space Exploration
The miniaturization of technologies is a crucial aspect of modern space travel. Compact and lighter equipment allows for the economisation of space and fuel costs. Thus, it’s been on NASA’s mind for a while and 3D printing is definitely playing a part in multiple ways. The team at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center are working with could simplify both the production and the packaging of these essential platforms.
The project is looking into nanomaterials, like carbon nanotubes, graphene, etc. as the basis. Another unique aspect of the proposed method is that it will print all the necessary sensors on the same substrate using a single process. They are even looking int printing a part of the wireless communication circuitry needed for the platform and the printed sensors to relay the data to ground controllers.
Nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, molybdenum disulfide and others, possess useful physical properties. They display high sensitivity and can remain stable in extreme conditions, thus they are ideal candidates. As one would imagine, they are also lightweight, resistant against radiation and require less power.
Once finalised, Northeastern University will use their Nanoscale Offset Printing System to apply the nanomaterials. Sultana’s group, meanwhile, will functionalize individual sensors by depositing additional layers of nanoparticles, enhancing their sensitivity. They will also integrate the sensors with readout electronics and package the entire platform.
Featured image courtesy of NASA.
About the author | Rawal AhmedRawal Ahmed is a freelance journalist and politics correspondent with an avid interest in futurism, science and technology.
A composite image of Kepler's final view. The missing tiles are due to parts of the camera that failed.
NASA
The final thing NASA's Kepler Space Telescopecaptured was everything, or at least it looks that way.
NASA ran out of fuel last year and was put into a permanent sleep mode on Oct. 30. Thefinal full-field image it took can be seen in the above mosaic captured Sept. 25. You can see the telescope's full view of the sky and an abundance of stars within.
This is Kepler’s view of the TRAPPIST-1 system, an ultra-cool red dwarf star with seven rocky planets, at least three of them believed to be temperate worlds.
Credits: NASA/Ames Research Center
Some blocks of the composite image are blacked out due to failures by parts of the camera. Fortunately, the device had a modular design that allowed for other parts of the image to be retained.Kepler's view of K2-138 with its six planets sized between Earth and Neptune. It was the first multi-planet system entirely discovered by citizen scientists.
Kepler's view of K2-138 with its six planets sized between Earth and Neptune. It was the first multi-planet system entirely discovered by citizen scientists.NASA/Ames Research Center
But it struggled to make some of those discoveries. A few years into its mission, the parts that help it stay pointed at a target began to fail. Engineers had to come up with a work-around that basically used the subtle pressure coming off the sun itself to keep the telescope steady. Kepler went on making more findsfor half a decade before finally running out of gas.
To the right is one of the later star systems Kepler helped discover called K2-138. It is believed to host six planets roughly between the sizes of Earth and Neptune. The GIF shows images collected of the system during Kepler's last day of photography.
The pixelated view might not be much to look at, but Kepler played a pivotal role in pointing the way towards promising systems like this so that future telescopes might provide a clearer view one day, and perhaps even find evidence of alien life.
NASA turns 60: The space agency has taken humanity farther than anyone else, and it has plans to go further.
Crowd Control: A crowdsourced science fiction novel written by CNET readers
A harpoon designed to capture orbital junkhas been successfully tested in space for the first time as part of the active debris-removal demonstration mission calledRemoveDebris.
The pen-size titanium harpoon developed by Airbus engineers in the U.K. was fired on Feb. 8 into an aluminum target, which extended from the spacecraft attached to a carbon-fiber boom. During the test, it successfully snagged the target out of orbit and reeled it back to the main spacecraft.
"It's been a really successful test and gives us really good confidence in the harpoon technology that has been developed," Alastair Wayman, advanced project engineer at Airbus who was responsible for the design of the experiment, told Space.com."We have tested it extensively on the ground but obviously, there are things that we can't completely simulate on the ground." [Photos: Space Debris Images & Cleanup Concepts]
The ground-control team, based at Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. (which built the spacecraft) in Guildford, the U.K., had to wait for three days to download all the data to make sure that the experiment, which was captured in slow-motion video, went as planned. "The ground-control team had to upload a series of commands for the harpoon and the spacecraft, which the spacecraft then autonomously executed when it was at the right angle to the sun so that we could get a good video of the experiment," Wayman said.
The harpoon's design was tested on the ground before the technology was launched.
Once the engineers could review all that data, they confirmed that the harpoon hit the target at a speed of 65 feet per second (20 meters per second). After the tip of the harpoon penetrated the panel, a spring-loaded mechanism deployed an array of barbs to secure the harpoon firmly in place. The carbon-fiber boom the target was attached to didn't withstand the force of the impact and snapped. Wayman said the engineers expected this could happen and they secured the harpoon with a tether to make sure the experiment didn't create additional space debris.
The vacuum environment and the thermal conditions in orbit could also have had an impact on the equipment, Wayman said. "The tether may have ended up being stiffer than we anticipated due to the temperature, and the interaction between the projectile and the target may have behaved differently than we have anticipated," Wayman said. "But actually, the behavior in orbit and in the ground testing was very similar. We got the same accuracy that we expected, we got the same firing speed and we successfully captured the target, and doing that in space didn't have an impact on the operation."
The RemoveDebris satellite's harpoon is designed to skewer and reel in pieces of orbiting space junk.
Wayman said that the Airbus team will continue developing the technology, which was originally considered for the European Space Agency's planned active space-debris-removal mission e.Deorbit. That mission is expected to launch in the mid-2020s and remove a defunct Earth observation satellite called Envisat, which is one of the largest and therefore most dangerous pieces of space debris cluttering low Earth orbit. The agency, however, eventually decided to redesign the mission as a multipurpose vehicle and use a robotic arm instead.
The harpoon test this month was the penultimate experiment of the $18.7 million (15.2 million euros) RemoveDebris mission. The spacecraft, the first in history to demonstrate active space-debris-removal technology in orbit, was released into space from the International Space Station in June 2018. It commenced its test campaign in September with another Airbus-led experiment, which demonstrated how a small cubesat could be captured with a net. Shortly after that, RemoveDebris tested optical navigation technology that could be used to locate and target debris in orbit. [Latest News About Space Junk and Orbital Debris]
"The harpoon was RemoveDebris' most demanding experiment and the fact that it was a success is testament to all involved," Guglielmo Aglietti, the mission's lead investigator and the director of the Surrey Space Centre at the University of Surrey, said in a statement. "The RemoveDebris project provides strong evidence of what can be achieved with the power of collaboration — pooling together the experience across industry and the research field to achieve something truly remarkable."
The mission will conclude in the next few weeks with the deployment of a drag sail that will speed up the RemoveDebris spacecraft's deorbit. The ground-control teams will attempt to maintain contact with the fridge-size spacecraft for as long as possible to gather data about the drag sail's performance.
Active space-debris-removal technologies are becoming critical as the environment around the Earth becomes more and more cluttered. Experts say that it will be necessary to remove five large objects from low Earth orbit per year to prevent a dangerous cascade of collisions predicted by NASA scientist Donald Kessler in the 1970s and now known as the Kessler syndrome.
They claim that the deep Issik Kul lake in Russia is populated by a race of giant humanoids
They claim that the deep Issik Kul lake in Russia is populated by a race of giant humanoids
Russia is home to a large number of enigmas and mysteries, each one more strange than the other. The next case, on Lake Issik Kul, is no exception. Are there giant humanoids in the deep lakes of this cold country?
Although these particular events have been going on for thousands of years, our story begins in the 1930s, when a paranormal investigator named Ilya Grabovsky was exploring strange events surrounding Lake Issik Kul, a water 'well' of great depth located in the mountains of northern Tian Shan. "Issik Kul" means "Hot Lake", a reference to the fact that the lake never freezes, despite being surrounded by icy mountains.
Grabovsky had heard legends about hidden caves in the area so he contacted a local. At first, the man was reluctant to describe his experience, but the paranormal investigator finally convinced him to pass on his knowledge. He told Grabovsky that he and his friends were fishing on the northwest shore of the lake, when they saw a cave. It was inaccessible so they decided to return the next day with ropes, lanterns and picks.
The next day, the men began to explore the cave and made a surprising discovery within its innermost sector. They discovered three human skeletons, more than ten feet tall each. Around their necks, each skeleton had a silver amulet in the shape of what men described as "bats." An interesting aspect, since there have been several reports describing UFOs in this particular way, not only in Russia, but also in the rest of the world.
Even more intriguing is a local Kyrgyz legend that refers to a sunken city at the bottom of the Issik Kul lake. The last ruler of the ancient city had been King Ossounes, a giant with "long ears". The legend also mentions that Ossounes was able to fly between the peaks of the mountains "in the blink of an eye".
This discovery scared the men enough to keep quiet about it for years, but not enough to leave the silver amulets behind. They melted the jewels and sold the silver, but they kept a small fragment as a souvenir. No photograph of this fragment survived to this day, but Grabovsky later wrote that the Soviet scientists who had the opportunity to examine it were unable to determine its exact age.
Intrigued by the fisherman's confession, Grabovsky decided to go deeper into the mystery. Scanning through local archives, he came across the first mention of similar giant creatures, dating back to the mid-1800s. A group of Georgian children (at that time, Georgia was part of the Russian Empire) were diving for mussels in Lake Issik Kul when they passed over the entrance to an underwater cave inside the nearby mountain. As you probably guessed, the cave was the home of the last mortal remains of several giants. Despite his best efforts, Grabovsky never found this cave. Or maybe he did, but he remained silent. Either way, the official version is that he died without sharing the results of his work with the rest of the world. But this is not the end of the story.
In the early 1980s, Lake Issik Kul became the site for Soviet tests of torpedoes, submarine missiles and military diving equipment. It was also one of the places where the Soviet army carried out the continuous training of reconnaissance divers known as 'the frogmen'. Another place was the now famous Lake Baikal.
It is said that in 1982, during a 'frogmen' training exercise on Lake Baikal, divers encountered a strange group of 'swimmers' underwater. Those aquatic humanoids were huge (more than 3 meters high) and, despite swimming in icy waters, they wore nothing but tight silver suits. Although the beings were seen at a depth of more than 45 meters, none of them wore anything resembling a diving equipment. They only had helmets in the shape of a sphere that hide their heads.
This meeting supposedly led the Soviet military leaders to attempt an expedition to catch one or all of the humanoids under water, and a group of seven frogmen was sent to the area. Former Afghan war veteran and author Mark Shteynberg, who has extensively investigated this case, recalls:
"As the frogmen tried to cover the creature with a net, the entire team was propelled out of the deep water to the surface by a powerful force. Because the autonomous team of submariners does not allow surfacing from these depths without strict adherence to the process of decompression stops, all members of the unfortunate expedition were attacked by the disease of diver, or floating gate disease . The only curative treatment available consisted of an immediate seclusion under conditions of decompression in a pressure chamber. They had several pressure chambers as in the military region, but only one was in operational conditions. That could contain no more than two people. These local commanders had forced four divers to enter the chamber. As a result, three of them (including the CO of the group) perished, and the rest were disabled. "
As a direct result of this incident, General V. Demyanko, the commander of the Buso Military Service of the USSR, was transferred to the Issik Kul military base to inform local officials about the dangers of trying to capture giant underwater humanoids. This serves as evidence that the Soviet high command was well aware of the presence of such creatures, both on Lake Baikal and Issik Kul. Had an order been issued against his capture if the creatures were not real?
Not long after that, the Defense Forces of the Ministry of Defense issued a bulletin addressed to the headquarters of the Turkmenistan military region. The bulletin pointed to many other lakes where sightings of similar aquatic humanoids have been reported, along with the usual flying discs and spheres that ascend and plunge into the depths. This leads us to believe that the incidents on Lake Baikal and Issik Kul were not singular events, but rather expressions of a much broader phenomenon.
The veracity of this incident is supported by the admission of the Russian writer Mikhail Demidenko. After becoming familiar with Shteynberg's account in 1992, Demidenko recalled spending some time at Lake Baikal in the mid-1980s, on a mission of the Union of Writers of the USSR. It was there that the Irkutsk fishermen told him how they saw the Soviet divers being thrown out of the water and continued their ascent to a height of 9-15 meters above the surface. The fishermen did not know about the underwater humanoid episode and had been wondering why the Soviet military subjected their divers to this type of evidence.
So, is this case definitive evidence that the Russian lakes are home to a race of giant aquatic humanoids? Not enough, since a more palpable test is needed. But the continued existence of legends and confessions of retired high-ranking military officers, such as Colonel Vladimir Azhazha, seems to suggest that something is lurking in the unexplored depths of our planet. What do you think about this? Leave your comment below!
Pilots in southwestern England have reported multiple sightings of strange, unidentified lights above Gloucestershire county. Several instances of these “unidentified nocturnal lights” were witnessed by aviators with Air Midwest within the last few weeks and so far, pilots and social media are mystified by the sightings. What could these lights be?
Gloucester, England.
The lights were last seen in the skies south of Gloucester on February 15 between 8:15 and 8:45 pm local time. Air Midwest posted its pilots’ descriptions of the sightings to its Facebook page, adding that despite being experienced aviators, the company’s pilots are still baffled by the experiences:
At approximately 8.15pm one of our aircraft was tracking south towards Gloucester at 7,000ft after leaving the Birmingham air traffic zone. At the same time one of our other aircraft was also tracking south towards Gloucester at 4,000ft when both aircraft observed one red and one orange lights in the the sky south of Gloucester. Our aircraft approached the lights on an interception track but were unable to gain on the objects as they appeared to move further south of Gloucester as our aircraft approached. We were unable to identify the lights.
Pilots described the lights as “large square orange lights” which seemed to occasionally flicker white. Many Facebook users commented on Air Midwest’s post, adding that they too have seen strange lights and aircraft in the sky above Gloucestershire, some of which appeared to perform otherworldly feats of aerial agility not typically seen in conventional aircraft.
There are several Royal Air Force bases in the nearby vicinity of these sightings including RAF Fairford, pictured.
With so many sightings of anomalous aircraft, mysterious vapor trails, and unidentified phenomena occurring lately, it’s no wonder that the British press is beginning to speculate about secret government UFO programs. Of course, I’m more inclined to believe these lights stem from the Royal Air Force testing new experimental aircraft; after all, the RAF just announced last week that it’s planning on deploying ‘swarms’ of new unmanned drones by the end of the year. Could these be what pilots have been seeing in the skies above England lately, or might something
FIRST COMMERCIAL SPACE STATION FOR TOURISM FEATURED IN AN EPIC NEW TRAILER
FIRST COMMERCIAL SPACE STATION FOR TOURISM FEATURED IN AN EPIC NEW TRAILER
The rotating space station will allow for tourism as well as low-gravity needed for scientific experiments.
"The future is in rotation.”
At least that’s what the Gateway Foundation will have you believe for their newest project: the world’s first commercial space station orbiting the moon.
A brainchild of a former Boeing pilot John Blincow and retired NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory architect Tom Spilker, the rotating station, called the Von Braun Rotating Space Station, would allow for space tourism as well as low-gravity environments for scientific experiments conducted by national space agencies.
The concept is explained by the President of the Gateway Foundation in a new YouTube video.
The spaceport looks like something straight of a sci-fi series – a futuristic vision of what a visit to space for a holiday might look like.
The gateway has five gates that are connected to the transport hub, where shuttles from the Earth and Moon can dock to the port.
"It will allow us to take our first steps toward colonizing the Moon, Mars, and ultimately, will usher in a new age of exploration as we travel throughout our solar system and discover what lies beyond," the Foundation’s website reads. Also part of the concept is a Hilton space hotel module.
Screengrab of the Gateway's concept.
Image: Youtube/Gateway Foundation
The rotating nature of the spaceport will allow an adjustable degree of gravity at the station depending on the needs of space tourists, astronauts and researchers onboard at any given time.
But will the station ever get built?
The Gateway is an ambitious plan that needs an astronomical amount of funding to get built. And while NASA has its own plans forthe Deep Space Gateway, which is slated for assembly in 2024, commercial space travel is a whole different ballgame.
Apart from commercial investors, the Gateway has also opened doors to private investors as part of an “annual membership”. Members of the Gateway Foundation get informational emails, updates, event discounts and a chance to win a free trip to the Gateway.
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Are demons real, or are they a construct of religion? Exactly what are demons?
Are demons real, or are they a construct of religion? Exactly what are demons?
The concept of evil spirits has been around pre-Christianity. There are a number of references in ancient writings, however, one example is the term Asura. Asura is a sanskrit word that refers to good or bad spirits, and derives from ancient Hinduism. However, the concept of Satan and his demonic followers is an idea that was later developed by Christianity. This development stemmed from the early days of Christianity when people still believed Roman statues possessed gods or spirits. As more and more people began to adopt Christian tenets and reject old Roman polytheism, concepts of evil were assigned to the older gods and spirits. Thus, demonology was born. So, what are demons, and what does the Christian religion tell us about them?
The Great Red Dragon and the Beast from the Sea. William Blake, 1805
What Are Demons?
There are numerous theories that attempt to answer the question of what are demons. The subject of evil demonic spirits is shrouded in fear and great controversy, and is very complex and ever-changing. There are countless opinions and beliefs, with numerous historical references.
Satan fighting archangel Michael
What are demons to the non-secular world? Some people believe evil spirits and hell are a psychological state of mind, and that the devil is a voice of negativity forever tempting us to do and think bad things. In contrast, others believe they are inter-dimentional beings or aliens that find portals of entry into our dimension to create chaos and destruction of mankind. Even ghosts and human spirits of a negative influence are sometimes identified as demonic entities.
The Biblical Answers To What Are Demons
However, the most common conception of demonic spirits stems directly from The Bible. In the Christian faith, The Bible says that Satan, once the most beautiful and powerful of all the angels, became prideful and wanted the same glory as God. He rebelled against God and convinced one third of all the angels to follow him. Subsequently, there was a war. Satan and his angels fought against the archangel Michael and God’s angels. Satan and his followers lost the battle and God cast them out of Heaven down to Earth. These evil spirits are all the bad angels that were no longer welcome in heaven, and Satan is their demonic leader.
Encyclopedia.com gives a description of the general view of demonic spirits in the Bible:
Demons have an expansive role in the biblical record. They can affect the behavior of swine (Matt. 8:30-32) and speak with a knowledge beyond that of an ordinary person (Mark 1:23-24). Biblical authors did understand demons as objectively present in the world and pictured the apostles as trying to drive them away…By the third century, the angel Lucifer, who fell from heaven (Isa. 14:12), was identified with Satan, and the fallen angels with demons.
Depictions of Demonic Entities Over Time
1739 Apotheosis of Charles VI, Alberto Fernandez Fernandez, Wikimedia Commons
There have been many classical depictions of Satan and his army of evil spirits throughout the ages. There are different types of demonic entities and each type possesses its own demonic name. Although they are normally formless as evil spirits, some people claim to have seen them manifest into physical form. The descriptions vary from a large scaly creature to a cloaked, formless being with black voids for eyes. Some people believe that these evil beings and the devil may appear intentionally as something fearsome just to frighten it victims, because they want desperately to feed off strong negative emotions.
Demonologists teach that demonic spirits may reveal themselves as a deceased loved one or beneficent guide from the other side. Their goal is to manipulate victims into trusting them, only to become gruesome the next moment. Some people report a dark mist that filled them with dread. The beings may be small or very large. Demonologists consider demonic spirits to be shapeshifters, which means they can basically take on any form for their purpose.
What Do Satan’s Followers Want?
Exactly what are demons trying to accomplish? The best answer to this question also comes from a religious standpoint. According to Christianity, Satan hates God and is vengeful and jealous of him, so he desires to harm humans, because they are God’s creation. Satan will stop at nothing to destroy all that God has created on Earth, so Satan employs his evil army to help him inflict pain, despair, violence, and fear onto mankind. They also aim to tempt mankind into sin to drive him away from God in order to hurt God. According to this tenet, Satan and his minions ultimately will not prevail and, thus, their reign upon the Earth will end. At that time God will cast Satan and all his demonic followers into Hell, and there they will serve out an eternity of punishment.
How Do Demonic Spirits Enter Our World?
According to many demonologists and clergymen, humans create portals for evil to enter our world and, perhaps later, even our minds and bodies. One theory holds that demonic entities exist on a different dimension. However, we may intentionally or unintentionally invite them into our dimension in a number of ways. Engaging in demonic rituals, playing games such as the Ouija board, conducting seances, ghost hunting, and making deals with the devil are all possible ways of opening the door to demonic spirits. According to this theory, any means of communicating with spirits, even those of deceased loved ones, can be dangerous.
Another way people may open a portal for evil entities is through strong negative energy, which is very attractive to demonic spirits. Therefore, persisting emotions of anger, grief or depression, fear and disappointment may draw them in. Drug and alcohol can cause a person to open to evil forces – especially when someone uses methamphetamine. Even family conflict, depraved or perverse behaviors may attract them.
What is Demonic Haunting?
Once a doorway opens, demonic entities may enter. This may start out subtly, with bumps or scraping in the night, things moving on their own, or strange shadows and friendly apparitions. Demonic hauntings may escalate quickly into more intense events, such as physical afflictions to people (scratches, bites, hits), objects flying through the air, religious items being thrown off walls or being damaged by an unseen force, audible growls or voices, strong sulfuric or vile odors, visions, and emotional manipulation. One theory holds that demonic entities initially haunt people to break down their wills and to create an atmosphere of dread and confusion. This weakens a person on a psychological and spiritual level. Hence, once a person becomes weak to this extent, it becomes easier for a demon to take possession of a person.
What is Demonic Possession?
“Le dernier exorcisme” the film. Wikimedia Commons
According to demonologists, real demonic possession differs from a demonic haunting in that a person’s spirit and body become possessed. He may fall under the mental, emotional, and physical control of demonic spirits. Also, demonic control may take place in any degree from mild to complete. Symptoms of possession may include speaking in foreign languages never studied, knowledge of secret or hidden truths, and super human strength. Additionally, the possessed may say vile things, perform vulgar acts, or engage in disgusting behaviors. The demon may even speak through the individual to embarrass, discredit, confuse, shock, or expose an exorcist’s prior sins or temptations.
According to many experts, a person does not have to be of any particular religion or even believe in God to become haunted or possessed by demonic spirits. Anyone who opens a doorway may become susceptible, and because demonic spirits do not possess their own physical bodies, they desperately want to possess the human body. Keep in mind that possession may not always be as extreme and obvious as this article describes above, hence, signs and symptoms can be much more subtle. Experts in demonology may be necessary to identify hauntings of a demonic nature and true possession.
Demonic Exorcism
Demonologists teach that once demonic entities possess an individual, exorcism can often be a difficult and dangerous process. Therefore, an expert exorcist may have to conduct the purification. Although there are exorcists who do not belong to the Catholic faith, the Vatican insists that only a Catholic priest should perform exorcism. They are thoroughly trained in the perils that surround such a ritual. Thus, a priest should even be able to discern mental illness from true possession.
According to many accounts of exorcism, unseen evil forces or the possessed individual can frequently injure an exorcist. Typically, priests us a stole, holy water, Catholic crosses, prayers and a prayer group during exorcism. In addition, the exorcist prepares by undergoing a spiritual and physical cleanse to purify himself through fasting and praying beforehand. Otherwise, he himself may become spiritually weakened, and subsequently harmed or influenced, due to a demon’s great powers of manipulation.
Exorcism Prayer
The following is an excerpt of an exorcism prayer that a priest would say:
We drive you from us, whoever you may be, unclean spirits, all satanic powers, all infernal invaders, all wicked legions, assemblies and sects[…]
Thus, cursed dragon, and you, diabolical legions, we adjure you by the living God, + by the true God, + by the holy God, + by the God “who so loved the world that He gave up His only Son, that every soul believing in Him might not perish but have life everlasting;” [St.Jn. 3:16] stop deceiving human creatures and pouring out to them the poison of eternal damnation; stop harming the Church and hindering her liberty.
Pope Leo XIII
Good vs. Evil
Stefan Lochner circa 1400 Wikimedia Commons
According to the book of Revelations, good will triumph over evil after much violence and persecution of Christians. Until then, Satan and his followers will continue to possess and torment humans in his vengeful need to create as much chaos and destruction as possible.
Are Demons Real?
Whether or not demons are real is a very subjective issue that each individual answers. Undoubtedly, they are very real for people who claim to have had direct experiences with them. However, many people cannot accept or grasp concepts of angels and devils, because the beings are not of this world. This is the case for all paranormal subjects, which are not intuitive and logical for our rationale minds. But nonetheless, the mystery keeps us intrigued.
On a more commentary note, it doesn’t matter if you believe the tenets about Satan and his demons as described by Christianity. The fact is, most people believe in concepts of goodness and evil – of positivity and negativity. As humans, perhaps it would behoove us all to live proper, moral lives, aiming to do good, be kind, think positively, and offer ourselves to the service of others and God; the least it can do is benefit ourselves and mankind. And perhaps there is a possibility that in the end, it will make the world a better place, and it just may save our souls.
The Mars One project has beencanceled due to bankruptcy.Now, other future Mars projects may be in jeopardy as well when potential astronauts find out about a series of tests involving volunteers living for months in a space ship simulator which showed that one of things they’ll need to survive the long journey relatively stress-free is … clowns! Will using clowns also allow NASA to cram a lot more astronauts into the tiny ship?
“These are people that have the ability to pull everyone together, bridge gaps when tensions appear and really boost morale. When you’re living with others in a confined space for a long period of time, such as on a mission to Mars, tensions are likely to fray. It’s vital you have somebody who can help everyone get along, so they can do their jobs and get there and back safely. It’s mission critical.”
That’s not exactly a conventional definition of “clowns” but it’s the kind of funny people with the ‘Light’ Stuff that University of Florida anthropologist Jeffrey Johnson concluded will be necessary on long space flights after he spent four years studying scientists and workers at isolated bases in Antarctica. Johnson found that base workers from various nationalities — US, Russian, Polish, Chinese and Indian – worked and played together better when some of the crew members were class clowns, jokesters and funny storytellers.
To infinity and beyond … with cream pies!
He’s using those findings to prepare analog astronauts (astronauts who work in ground simulators) for long-mission simulations at NASA’s Human Experimentation Research Analog (HERA) project at the Johnson Space Center in Houston and the SIRIUS (Scientific International Research In a Unique terrestrial Station) mission in the NEK analog located in the Institute for Bio-Medical Problems (IBMP) in Russia. (Shouldn’t that be Not-Sirius? Asking for a friend thinking about applying for the clown job.)
“That’s when people start to feel like, ‘I don’t want to play anymore.’”
Leslie DeChurch, a psychologist with the HERA project, describes the circumstances when a clown will come in handy on a long mission. Her research has found that, no matter how long it is, the crew is generally most vulnerable during the third quarter of a mission. On a Mars mission, that would be during the trip home when the fun part is over and there’s still a long way to go. Think about those long stints in the back seat coming home from a childhood vacation listening to your parents arguing and you get the idea on a small scale. DeChurch and Noshir Contractor, a professor of behavioral science at Northwestern also working with HERA, will be testing their models and recommendations on the latest HERA crew which entered the simulator on February 15.
“Is the right stuff still the right stuff for a team that would go to Mars? I think we’re pretty confident that it is not.”
Thanks a lot, Dr. Contractor. What are we going to call the movie about the Mars mission? Clowns in Space starring Will Ferrell and Mellissa McCarthy? Star Shecky? (Ask your grandfather.) Armageddon Laughs? Would David Bowie cringe at Is There Laughs on Mars?
The latest terrifying artificial intelligence development to foreshadow humanity’s future under the cold, steel boots of ruthless robots comes by way of OpenAI, a San Francisco-based research institute funded in part by Elon Musk. OpenAI has reportedly created an AI capable of generating realistic-but-fake news stories that are credible enough to fool most human readers. In fact, the AI is so good at what it does that its own creators believe it’s too dangerous to release. How much longer until one of these systems is let loose on an unsuspecting public?
And how long until it decides humanity is a plague?
OpenAI’s newest hellish creation is called GPT2. The program is essentially a text generator which can analyze existing text and then produce its own based on what it expects might come after it. What separates GPT2 from other natural language bots is the fact that it can produce realistic texts in perfect prose – and that’s where the danger comes in.
Jack Clark, policy director at OpenAI, says that because the program writes such realistic-looking text, it could be easily used to fool or mislead readers with fake news stories. “We started testing it, and quickly discovered it’s possible to generate malicious-esque content quite easily,” Clark told the MIT Technology Review. “It’s very clear that if this technology matures—and I’d give it one or two years—it could be used for disinformation or propaganda. We’re trying to get ahead of this.”
Real-life Bond villain Elon Musk is also trying to get ahead of the dangers of GPT2 by distancing himself from OpenAI altogether. Musk left the company this week, citing his commitments to his other endeavors. While Musk is without a doubt a busy man, many suspect his departure might be due to the terrifying possibilities GPT2 foreshadows.
As artificial intelligence networks continue to get better at fooling humans, the line between what is real and what is fake is beginning to blur. Already, sophisticated AI programs can produce perfectly real-looking video and audio content depicting people saying or doing things which never actually happened. What’s going to happen when these start flooding the news cycle? Are we destined to lose our ability to tell what is real and true?
“Shhh. Too many questions. Just sit back and smash that ‘Subscribe’ button. It’ll all be over soon.”
Perhaps we already have. Many technologists and historians believe we may already be controlled by AI. Could that explain the geopolitical high strangeness of the last few years? Is it all a carefully curated illusion designed to manipulate the minds of the masses?
Kill your TV before it’s too late. And your phone and computer while you’re at it. Better yet, just gouge your own eyes out and rip your ears off. It’s not as difficult as it may sound. It’s the only real way to avoid the hellish nightmare the future is turning out to be.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
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