The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
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Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
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UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
02-03-2019
U.S. IN UFO RACE WITH CHINA, RUSSIA, FORMER SENATE MAJORITY LEADER SUGGESTS
U.S. IN UFO RACE WITH CHINA, RUSSIA, FORMER SENATE MAJORITY LEADER SUGGESTS
Former Democratic Senate Majority Leader and Nevada Senator Harry Reid argued for continued study into UFO phenomena in an interview with CBS affiliate KLAS 8 in Las Vegas, citing competition from Russia and China—a UFO race, of sorts.
“I’ll bet you anything that China is spending some money checking this out. I’ll bet you anything KGB Putin is spending some money checking this out,” Reid told George Knapp of Las Vegas Now’s I-Team.
“Former Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid dropped major hints that he knows potential adversaries, Russia and China, have carried out their own military studies to figure out how UFOs work and how to build their own,” Knapp said during the broadcast, citing anonymous Pentagon sources to claim dozens of UFOs have been encountered off the coast of Florida and Virginia in the last three years.
Reid said he understands why officials within the Pentagon and other possible research avenues within the U.S. government might be skeptical about dedicating resources to studying Unexplained Aerial Phenomena (UAP), but he also seemed to unwittingly undercut his own position by alluding to a rash of recent UFO sightings prompted by scheduled SpaceX launches.
“This has been going on for a long time. These sightings are said to have been set off by a rocket in California or something. People do not want—people in responsibility, whether it’s the Pentagon or whatever it might be—they don’t want to have to try to explain something that’s, many times, not explainable,” Reid said.
The interview with Reid also delved into classified UFO studies conducted by the Pentagon and revealed by The New York Times in 2017, including the Advanced Aerospace Weapons Systems Application Program (AAWSAP), which catalogued sightings by military personnel, such as the “Tic Tac” UFO captured on camera by F/A-18F fighter jets off the coast of California in 2004.
Through AAWSAP, the Defense Intelligence Agency awarded a $10 million contract to Bigelow Aerospace Advanced Space Studies (BAASS), owned by hotel billionaire Robert Bigelow, a close friend of Reid’s who has a long history of investigating the UFO phenomena.
Reid confirmed the resulting study included investigations of a mysterious ranch in northeastern Utah once owned by Bigelow (ownership has since transferred to Adamantium Real Estate and an anonymous owner). Known in UFO circles as “Skinwalker Ranch,” the site has been a hotbed of reported paranormal phenomena, including claims of cattle mutilations, UFO sightings, and even mysterious animals with piercing yellow eyes that were impervious to bullets.
The program also delved into research related to the UFO phenomena, including 38 scientific papers for the Defense Intelligence Agency with outlandish headlines like “Warp Drive, Dark Energy, and the Manipulation of Extra Dimensions” and “Traversable Wormholes, Stargates, and Negative Energy.”
The papers were produced by BAASS scientists affiliated with EarthTech International, a research group founded by Dr. Hal Puthoff, a physicist with a long history of promoting pseudoscience, including endorsing psychic fraud Uri Geller and writing in defense of Scientology, which he described as “a highly sophisticated and highly technological system” in a letter from the 1970s.
Accordingly, the AAWSAP research so far made public has not found a positive reception. “It’s bits and pieces of theoretical physics dressed up as if it has something to do with potentially real-world applications, which it doesn’t.” Sean Carroll, a theoretical physicist at Caltech, told Business Insider in 2018. "This is not crackpot. This is not the Maharishi saying we're going to use spirit energy to fly off the ground—this is real physics. But this is not something that's going to connect with engineering anytime soon, probably anytime ever."
Beyond AAWSAP, and its successor within the Pentagon, the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program, Reid said he believes further study is warranted and would like to see UFO research coordinated across multiple, existing classified projects. Reid believes the government currently possesses “different pieces of evidence” beyond the scope of studies he had worked to fund.
SpaceX began in 2002, when its founder, Elon Musk, took the first steps in his grand ambition to send a mission to Mars. More than 15 years later, the company is way beyond the space startup stage.
The Hawthorne, California-based company regularly reuses rockets, sends cargo missions to the International Space Station with the uncrewed Dragon spacecraft and will fly astronauts for NASA in the future. In 2018, SpaceX launched the massive Falcon Heavy and has plans for an even larger rocket to reach Mars: the Big Falcon Rocket (BFR).
Read more about SpaceX's history of rockets and spacecraft development in the following slideshow.
Falcon 1
The Falcon 1 was the first rocket manufactured by SpaceX. It had a proposed capacity to carry 670 kilograms (1,480 lbs.) to low Earth orbit, and it flew between 2006 and 2009. After three launch failures, Falcon 1 sent a dummy payload to space on Sept. 29, 2008. Its fifth and final launch, on July 14, 2009, sent RazakSAT, a Malaysian Earth-observation satellite, into orbit. Falcon 1 rockets launched from Omelek Island, part of the Kwajalein Atoll in the Pacific Ocean. And in case you're wondering, Musk named the Falcon rockets after the Millennium Falcon ship from "Star Wars."
Developing Falcon 9
SpaceX quickly received interest from several companies looking for a heavier-lift rocket. The company had considered developing an intermediary rocket called the Falcon 5, but instead skipped ahead and began work on the Falcon 9. This rocket can send a payload to low Earth orbit weighing up to 28,991 lbs. (13,150 kg). It is a two-stage rocket. SpaceX first advertised plans for the Falcon 9 in 2005 and sent the debut Falcon 9 aloft on June 7, 2010, from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. Early customers of the rocket included Bigelow Aerospace; Avanti Communications; and MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates.
In 2015, SpaceX was also trying to land on drone ships in the ocean. While these landings kept ending with failure, Musk would post the videos and pictures on his Twitter feed, acknowledging mistakes made, and the company would work on improving for the next flight.
Dragon dreams
SpaceX kept the first 18 months of the Dragon cargo ship's development under wraps. Then, in March 2006, the company officially made Dragon public when the company submitted a proposal for NASA's Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) demonstration program. The ultimate goal was to develop a private spacecraft to ferry cargo to the International Space Station.
After Spacex hit several milestones, NASA selected SpaceX's Dragon in December 2008 to be one of the companies providing commercial resupply services to the space station. SpaceX's contract value at that time was a minimum of $1.6 billion, with options to extend to $3.1 billion; the company has since received a new contract for cargo launch services. Musk has confirmed that he named Dragon after "Puff the Magic Dragon."
Early Dragon flights
Dragon made a successful maiden flight on Dec. 8, 2010, from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. Then, on May 22, 2012, Dragon launched for an important test: an attempt to berth the spacecraft with the International Space Station. Dragon made it to the station safely on May 25 of that year, despite experiencing some problems with a laser system that was supposed to judge the craft's distance to the orbiting complex. The milestone prompted worldwide acclaim. It was the first time a private spacecraft docked with the space station. SpaceX has since upgraded its uncrewed Dragon cargo ships to be reusable for at least two flights.
Grasshopper
Grasshopper was a rocket prototype flown at SpaceX's McGregor, Texas, proving grounds to give the company more experience in landing boosters vertically. While Grasshopper did not get as much media attention as SpaceX's other programs, it was key to furthering the development of Falcon 9's reusable first stage. The Grasshopper rocket made eight test flights between 2012 and 2013, with the final flight seeing Grasshopper soar to 2,440 feet (744 meters). The Grasshopper program was then retired so SpaceX could focus more resources on Falcon 9's development.
Falcon 9 Reusable Development Vehicle
SpaceX announced the Falcon 9 Reusable Development Vehicle in 2012, which was based on the first stage of the Falcon 9. The company made five flights of this system at the SpaceX McGregor site between April and August 2014, with the maximum altitude on some flights exceeding 3,280 feet (1,000 m). The last booster, which launched on Aug. 22, 2014, exploded due to a blocked sensor.
SpaceX's first rocket landing pad
This picture shows Landing Zone 1, a ground landing zone for the Falcon 9's first stage at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. This is where SpaceX made the first of its controlled ground landings, on Dec. 21, 2015. The company built the pad on land leased from the U.S. Air Force on Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. (Landing Zone 1 is on land that used to host Launch Complex 13.) This landing was extra-sweet because the previous Falcon 9 flight, in June 2015, ended catastrophically with an explosion.
Reusing rockets
Right from the beginning of Falcon 9's history, SpaceX was interested in reusing the first stage of the rocket to save on launch costs. Early tests of the landing were unsuccessful, however. SpaceX made attempts on the first, second and sixth launches of the Falcon 9 to control the booster's landing, but in each case, the stage slammed down into the ocean. SpaceX finally achieved a controlled ocean landing on Falcon 9's ninth launch (the fourth controlled-landing attempt), on April 18, 2014. This was an important stepping stone in the path to eventual reusability.
Drone-ship landing
The persistence exhibited by Musk and his employees finally paid off on April 8, 2016, when a Falcon 9 first stage touched down softly on a drone ship called "Of Course I Still Love You" in the Atlantic Ocean. The Dragon spacecraft that this Falcon 9 carried aloft also had a milestone flight, delivering an inflatable module — the Bigelow Expandable Activity Module — to the International Space Station.
SpaceX's success rate with drone landings improved drastically after the April 2016 flight, although some boosters still missed the mark from time to time. The company's Falcon 9 flight success rate is also strong; its last failure, in September 2016, saw a rocket explode on the launch pad before taking off. SpaceX has a second drone ship, "Just Read the Instructions," which is used for Pacific Ocean landings after launches from Vandenberg Air Force Station in California. Both ships are named for fictional starships in the science fiction books of Iain M. Banks.
Falcon Heavy's maiden flight
SpaceX
The Falcon Heavy rocket, a heavy-lift version of the Falcon series, had a successful debut flight on Feb. 6, 2018, launching from NASA's Pad 39A at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The rocket successfully launched a Tesla car into space. (Musk is also the CEO of Tesla Motors.) The Falcon Heavy is 230 feet tall (70 m) and can lift nearly 141,000 lbs. (64 metric tons) of payload to low Earth orbit. This is twice what its closest competitor, the United Launch Alliance's Delta IV Heavy, can hoist into orbit.
Falcon Heavy's rocket landing ballet
This picture shows Falcon Heavy's twin side boosters landing successfully after the rocket's maiden flight, on Feb. 6, 2018. While the booster stages touched down safely at Landing Zones 1 and 2 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, near the Kennedy Space Center, the rocket's core stage hit the ocean at high speed. The rocket stage carrying the Tesla car underwent one last burn to send the car toward the orbit of Mars. However, as Space.com sister site Live Science reported, radiation could destroy the car within a year.
Riding inside the Dragon
While launching commercial missions, SpaceX also began developing a human-rated version of the Dragon spacecraft to bring astronauts to the International Space Station. The company received a contract in 2014 valued at a maximum of $2.6 billion for these launch services. In September 2015, SpaceX showed the world the inside of the crew quarters. The minimalist design has white walls, black bucket seats, several flat-panel displays and four windows for passengers to see outside.
Crew Dragon vs. cargo
SpaceX intended that the crew and cargo versions of Dragon be very similar, in order to speed up development of the crewed ship. "This commonality simplifies the human-rating process, allowing systems critical to crew and space station safety to be fully tested on unmanned cargo flights.," SpaceX stated.
Crew Dragon flight tests
SpaceX is hard at work on developing the crewed Dragon for two commercial crew test-flights, which will fly no earlier than late 2018. NASA is trying to wean itself off dependence on the Russian Soyuz vehicle that currently ferries all astronauts to the International Space Station. Each astronaut seat on the Soyuz costs NASA millions of dollars. Also, the agency tries to use U.S. launch services for launch when possible. The last crewed launch from U.S. soil took place in 2011, during the last flight of the space shuttle program.
More Falcon Heavy flights
Falcon Heavy launches are sold for about $90 million apiece, compared with $62 million for Falcon 9 launches. SpaceX plans to launch two more Falcon Heavy missions in 2018: one carrying the Arabsat 6A communications satellite and the other hoisting Space Test Program 2 for the U.S. Air Force (along with the Planetary Society's LightSail 2).
The Falcon 9 Block 5
In May 2018, SpaceX unveiled the fifth and final version of the company's Falcon 9 rocket: the Block 5 booster. Designed for maximum reusability (the target is at least 10 flights), this booster will launch astronauts into space on Dragon capsules for NASA. The first Falcon 9 Block 5 rocket was built to launch Bangabandhu-1, the first communications satellite for the country of Bangladesh.
Starship and Super Heavy
Starship and Super Heavy make up a futuristic system intended for Mars exploration. In its Red Planet configurations, the BFR will be 348 feet (106 m) tall (including the spaceship) and capable of bringing 150 tons (136 metric tons) to low Earth orbit. Each rocket will carry about 100 people, and the rocket will be fully reusable. Musk said he plans to use this rocket in fleets, bringing hundreds or thousands of passengers at a time to Mars. In the 2020s, Musk plans to halt all Falcon lines except for BFR, which would perform all sorts of missions. Destinations would range from Mars to the International Space Station to orbits that would launch satellites near Earth.
SpaceX's famous "Starman" dummy onboard the inaugural Falcon Heavy launch in 2018 is about to have some competition — from a new dummy, named Ripley, who will fly on the first test mission of the company'sCrew Dragon capsule.
Ripley is not onboard to be dead weight: It is packed with a range of sensors that SpaceX engineers will use to monitor the journey to and from the International Space Station.
"We call it a smartie, and her [sic] name is Ripley," SpaceX vice president of Build and Flight Reliability Hans Koenigsmann said of the dummy during a news conference Thursday (Feb. 28) previewing the mission's launch, which is scheduled for early in the morning of March 2. Liftoff is set for 2:49 a.m. EST (0749 GMT).
The name is a nod to Ellen Ripley, the main character of the 1979 movie "Alien" and some of its sequels. The name follows a SpaceX trend of naming things after science fiction icons. It's first spacesuit-clad figure (launched in a Tesla Roadster by a Falcon Heavy rocket in 2018) was called "Starman" in honor of David Bowie's sci-fi themed music. The Falcon rockets themselves are named after the Millennium Falcon from "Star Wars."
SpaceX CEO and founder Elon Musk unveiled the first glimpse of the Ripley dummy on Friday (March 1) via Twitter.
The dummy is part of a full suite of sensors aboard the uncrewed mission, which will produce data that SpaceX and NASA will rely on for future, crewed missions. "We instrumented the crap out of this vehicle; it's got data, sensors everywhere," Kathy Lueders, manager for NASA's Commercial Crew Program, said during the news conference. "Actually having a re-entry, with Ripley in the seat, in the position, is critical."
The sensors inside the Ripley dummy will measure forces and acceleration experienced by a future human passenger, as well as the environment around them.
"The goal is to get an idea of how humans would feel in her [sic] place, basically," Koenigsmann said. "I don't expect, actually, a lot of surprises there, but it's better to verify, make sure that it's safe and everything's comfortable for our astronauts going on the next flight of the capsule."
Fortunately, Ripley the dummy's odds of encountering any chestbursters on the flight are pretty slim.
Crew Dragon van SpaceX met succes gelanceerd. Nu brengt hij dummy ruimte in, deze zomer volgen echte astronauten - HLN.be
Crew Dragon van SpaceX met succes gelanceerd. Nu brengt hij dummy ruimte in, deze zomer volgen echte astronauten - HLN.be
WETENSCHAP & PLANEETOp de Amerikaanse lanceerbasis Cape Canaveral in Florida is de Crew Dragon gelanceerd, een ruimtecapsule van het ruimtevaartbedrijf SpaceX van Elon Musk. De operatie is succesvol verlopen en de stuwraketten zijn teruggekeerd naar de aarde. De capsule vliegt nu zelfstandig in de ruimte. Als alles goed gaat, moet SpaceX in juli voor de allereerste keer astronauten naar het internationaal ruimtestation ISS brengen.
Het zou voor het eerst zijn dat een commercieel bedrijf zoiets doet. Vandaag is alleen een dummy aan boord: Ripley, naar de heldin uit de bekende Alien-films.
De ruimtecapsule werd om 8.49 uur Belgische tijd gelanceerd, 2.49 uur plaatselijke tijd. Vannacht meldde SpaceX dat alle systemen paraat waren en ook het weer goed zat. De Crew Dragon en de Falcon 9-raket - waarop die bevestigd is - vertrokken vanop het historische Launch Complex 39A op Cape Canaveral, waar in de jaren 60 en 70 ook de legendarische Apollovluchten van ruimtevaartorganisatie NASA naar de maan vertrokken.
De testvlucht zal in totaal zes dagen duren. Morgen komt de capsule met Ripley aan boord aan bij het ISS, waar ze volautomatisch zal aankoppelen. Als de drie bewoners van het ruimtestation de 200 kilogram materiaal en voorraden aan boord uitgeladen hebben en de spullen die ze niet meer nodig hebben ingeladen, zal de Crew Dragon op 8 maart terugkeren naar de aarde. Tijdens de vlucht zullen de NASA en SpaceX gegevens verzamelen. Ripley – die het strakke witte ruimtepak van SpaceX draagt dat ook toekomstige astronauten aan zullen hebben – is uitgerust met sensoren, die de impact van de reis op de dummy moeten meten. Dat zullen immers ook krachten zijn die de astronauten zullen ondervinden. Indien nodig zullen na de vlucht nog aanpassingen aan het toestel of de stuwraketten gebeuren. Als alles goed gaat, gaan dan in juli de allereerste echte astronauten aan boord van een toestel van SpaceX.
Dat zal overigens een historisch moment zijn. Het is intussen acht jaar geleden dat er nog astronauten naar de ruimte vertrokken vanop Amerikaans bodem. Ze moeten nu nog ‘meeliften’ met Russische toestellen.
WETENSCHAP & PLANEETMarslander Insight, het jongste project van de Amerikaanse ruimtevaartorganisatie NASA op de rode planeet, is begonnen met boren in het oppervlakte van Mars. Helemaal vlotjes verloopt dat nog niet vanwege dwarsliggende stenen.
De door Polen en Duitsland gefabriceerde boormachine van de Marslander is op keien gestuit die het vooralsnog lastig maken dieper te gaan. Bedoeling was tot vijf meter diep te gaan maar vooralsnog komt de boor niet verder dan een centimeter of vijftig, bevestigt het German Aerospace Center. Volgens de ingenieurs werkt de ‘hamerboor’ goed, maar zit het tegen wat betreft de boorplek door onvoorziene stenen.
Als een diepte van vijf meter wordt gehaald is dat een buitenaards record, aldus NASA. Bedoeling van het boren is onder meer de ondergrondse temperatuur te meten. Volgens de ingenieurs kan de robotgestuurde arm met de boor de problemen oplossen, maar dat kost tijd.
InSight (de naam staat voor: Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) is een missie van het zogeheten ‘NASA’s Discoveryprogramma’ om de inwendige structuur van Mars en andere planeten te onderzoeken. Insight landde afgelopen november op de rode planeet en heeft al prachtige foto’s gestuurd en ook opnames gemaakt van de wind op de rode planeet. Er is ook een seismometer geplaatst om eventuele aardbevingen te registreren.
Marslander InSight landde op 26 november 2018 geland in het gebied Elysium Planitia, een vlakte nabij de evenaar van Mars. Voor de liefhebber: op ongeveer 600 km afstand van de Gale krater waar in 2012 het Marswagentje Curiosity is geland.
Bekijk ook: Marslander InSight succesvol geland op rode planeet
WETENSCHAP & PLANEETZe staan er al meer dan 500 jaar, als stille en mysterieuze getuigen van een verloren gegane beschaving: de wereldberoemde beelden op het Chileense Paaseiland. Maar als er niet snel wordt ingegrepen, zal er over honderd jaar niets anders meer overblijven van de beelden dan rechthoekige stenen.
De eeuwen geleden uitgehouwen beelden vertegenwoordigen de voorouders van de Polynesische bevolking van Paaseiland, de Rapa Nui, en behoren tot het UNESCO Werelderfgoed. De honderden grote hoofden staan langs de kustlijn van het kleine eiland, een van de meest geïsoleerde ter wereld. Nog altijd vragen archeologen zich af hoe de inwoners de duizenden kilo’s zware beelden ooit op hun plaats hebben kunnen zetten. Paaseiland ligt op 3.500 kilometer van het vasteland en meer dan 2.000 kilometer verwijderd van het dichtstbijzijnde eiland, Pitcairn.
Maar de beelden lijden volgens wetenschappers aan een soort ‘lepra’. Ze krijgen witte vlekken op hun gezichten. De korstmossen, een combinatie van fungus en algen, vreten de beelden aan, waardoor het steen zacht als klei wordt en van vorm verandert. De beelden lijden bovendien door erosie, de stijgende zeespiegel, harde wind en vee dat tussen ze door graast.
70 procent al aangetast
Zeventig procent van de hoofden zou al zijn aangetast. Volgens archeologen kunnen de beelden nog worden gered als ze worden schoongemaakt en een coating krijgen die de poreuze steen beschermt, maar dan moet dat wel snel gebeuren. “Ik vermoed dat de Moai-beelden over een eeuw niet meer dan rechthoekige blokken zullen zijn”, aldus Tahira Edmunds, expert bij de Chileense overheid.
De kosten om alle beelden te beschermen zouden kunnen oplopen tot 500 miljoen dollar, reden waarom Paaseiland ook om internationale hulp vraagt. De inwoners en lokale wetenschappers halen het geld om de beelden te beschermen nu vooral uit het duurzame toerisme, maar dat volstaat niet.
De burgemeester van het eiland stelt daarom ook voor om geld te vragen van de landen die in het verleden beelden hebben meegenomen om in hun musea tentoon te stellen. Zo staat er een meer dan twee meter hoog beeld tentoongesteld in het British Museum in Londen, nadat het meer dan 150 jaar geleden door Britse zeevaarders werd meegenomen. In november al bezocht een Chileense delegatie het museum, dat bereid is na te denken over een vergoeding voor de ‘uitleen’ van het beeld. “Het museum kijkt uit naar samenwerking met partners van over heel de wereld en verwelkomt de voorstellen rond toekomstige projecten met Rapa Nui”, zegt het British Museum in een mededeling.
REUTERS
Verschillende beelden zijn er al slecht aan toe.
ThinkStock
AP
rv
Paaseiland is maar 25 op 12 kilometer groot en is een van de meest afgelegen bewoonde eilanden ter wereld.
The fabled Planet 9 orbiting beyond Pluto in the depths of the solar system will be discovered in the next ten to 15 years, scientists claim.
Two studies have been released stating the mythical planet is not only real but will be found before 2030.
One of the papers claims the planet will be 400 astronomical units (AU) away from Earth - approximately 37 billion miles - and be five to ten times the mass of our planet.
It has never been directly seen but its presence has been inferred from various calculations of its gravity on other objects.
These 'trans-Neptunian objects' lie beyond the furthest gas giant and in the Kuiper Belt.
Scroll down for video
Planet 9 is theorised but has never been seen before. It orbits beyond Pluto in the depths of the solar system and will be discovered in the next ten to 15 years, scientists claim. it is also said to be bigger than Earth but smaller than the existing gas giants (pictured)
Caltech researchers Mike Brown and Konstantin Batygin published data supporting the presence of 'Planet Nine' in 2016.
They identified wobbles in the orbits of the solar system's most distant objects and put this down to the gravitational pull of a vast and unidentified planet.
It was dubbed Planet 9 and the theory stating its existence is now widely accepted.
The researchers published their data in the journal The Astronomical Journal and looked into the likelihood previous observations indicating Planet 9's existence were down to chance.
They found the probability of this being down to bias was one in 500.
'Though this analysis does not say anything directly about whether Planet Nine is there, it does indicate that the hypothesis rests upon a solid foundation,' says Dr Brown, the Richard and Barbara Rosenberg, a professor of planetary astronomy.
Fred Adams, co-author of the study, said: 'With its proposed properties, Planet Nine is right on the edge of being observable.
'But this is a very dim object in a very big sky. Since we don't know exactly where it is, you have to survey the whole sky, or at least large portions of it, in order to find the planet.
'Over the course of the next 10 years we will have deeper and deeper—which means more sensitive—sky surveys.
'So I think by 2030 we will have seen it or will have a better idea of where it is. Of course, it's also possible that by then we could also have alternate explanations for the observed orbital anomalies.'
The second paper, published in Physics Reports, estimated the size of the planet.
Caltech researchers Mike Brown and Konstantin Batygin published data supporting the presence of 'Planet Nine' in 2016. They identified wobbles in the orbits of the solar system's most distant objects and put this down to the gravitational pull of an unidentified planet (artist's impression)
It claims it will be closer to the Sun than previously thought and will be up to ten time the mass of Earth.
Calculations from the researchers state it is likely to be 400 astronomical units (AU) away from Earth - approximately 37 billion miles.
One AU is the distance between Earth and the sun.
'At five Earth masses, Planet Nine is likely to be very reminiscent of a typical extrasolar super-Earth,' Dr Batygin said in a statement.
'It is the solar system's missing link of planet formation. Over the last decade, surveys of extrasolar planets have revealed that similar-sized planets are very common around other sun-like stars. Planet Nine is going to be the closest thing we will find to a window into the properties of a typical planet of our galaxy.'
Fred Adams, Professor of Physics at the University of Michigan, added: 'The strongest argument in favour of Planet Nine is that independent lines of evidence can all be explained by a proposed new planet with the same properties. In other words, there are multiple reasons to believe that Planet Nine is real, not just one.'
WHAT IS MYSTERIOUS 'PLANET X'?
Astronomers believe that the orbits of a number of bodies in the distant reaches of the solar system have been disrupted by the pull of an as yet unidentified planet.
First proposed by a group at CalTech in the US, this alien world was theorised to explain the distorted paths seen in distant icy bodies.
In order to fit in with the data they have, this alien world - popularly called Planet Nine - would need to be roughly four time the size of Earth and ten times the mass.
Researchers say a body of this size and mass would explain the clustered paths of a number of icy minor planets beyond Neptune.
First proposed by a group at CalTech in the US, this alien world was theorised to explain the distorted paths seen in distant icy bodies.
Its huge orbit would mean it takes between 10,000 and 20,000 years to make a single pass around the sun.
The theoretical Planet Nine is based on the gravitational pull it exerts on these bodies, with astronomers confident it will be found in the coming years.
Those hoping for theoretical Earth-sized planets proposed by astrologers or science fiction writers - which are 'hiding behind the sun' and linked with Doomsday scenarios - may have to keep searching.
Mysterieuze Planeet X wordt binnen 10 jaar gevonden, claimen deze astronomen
Mysterieuze Planeet X wordt binnen 10 jaar gevonden, claimen deze astronomen
Het gedrag van een aantal ijsdwergen in de buitenste regionen van ons zonnestelsel kan het beste worden verklaard door een nog onontdekte planeet. Dat schrijven Konstantin Batygin en Mike Brown in het tijdschrift Physics Reports.
Zij presenteerden drie jaar geleden hun theorie dat er ver buiten de baan van Neptunus nog een zware planeet om de zon draait.
Op basis van nieuwe berekeningen zeggen de astronomen vanCaltechdat deze planeet, ook wel Planeet X genoemd, ongeveer vijf tot 10 keer zoveel massa heeft als de aarde en 400 keer zo ver van de zon staat.
Superaardes
Daarmee zal de planeet erg doen denken aan superaardes die in andere zonnestelsels zijn ontdekt.
Batygin en Brown speuren al geruime tijd tevergeefs naar de planeet. Ze verwachten het hemellichaam binnen 10 tot 15 jaar te ontdekken.
Rond 2030
Coauteur van de studie Fred Adams zei: “Het is een heel zwak object en omdat we niet precies weten waar het staat moeten we de hele hemel afspeuren, of in ieder geval grote delen ervan, om het te vinden.”
“Ik denk dat we het rond 2030 hebben gevonden of in ieder geval weten waar het zich ongeveer bevindt,” voegde hij toe.
There’s something about the Jorge Chavez International Airport located in Callao, just 11 km (7 mi) from Lima, Peru, that seems to attract UFOs. There have been a number of sightings there in recent years, including two different incidents in 2017 that reportedly forced the airport to close and turn away incoming flights. The latest occurred this week when two UFOs were spotted by airport staff, who submitted a report showing the objects hovered over one runway for just under an hour. Is Jorge Cavez the UFO equivalent of the perpetual holding patterns over the Atlanta airport?
Jorge Chavez International Airport
“At 01:30 am we see from the tower two UFOs just west of the station, at approximately 9,000 feet. (…) One of the objects appears at times on the radar screen. At 02:12 am the objects no longer appear in view of the control tower.”
That’s from an official report submitted on February 27th by airport control tower employees of CORPAC (Peruvian Airports and Commercial Aviation Corporation), the private company which provides air traffic control services to the airport. According to translations, the report states that a number of pilots saw the UFOs or UAPs (Unidentified Aerospace Phenomena) and they appeared on radar shortly before disappearing. (Multiple photos here and here. Photo of the report here.)
“Since yesterday, Wednesday 27, it has already been confirmed from CORPAC , with an official document, the presence of two Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (FAN), which have been positioned on runway 33 of Jorge Chávez International Airport , and has been seen – among others- by the ground crew of two planes that covered the route Lima-Córdoba and Lima-Quito.”
Peruvian ufologist Anthony Choy is conveniently based in Lima and, while he didn’t witness the UFOs themselves, confirmed the validity of the control tower report. He also pointed out in an interview that:
” … in these 19 years that I have been investigating these issues, it is the first time that there is an official report, it is a fact without comparison in our country.”
“Official” is the key word in that comment, since there was a sighting of 12 UFOs at the same airport on February 12th, 2017, that halted all flights for three hours. However, there was no official report on that one and the media didn’t cover it until internal CORPAC reports were obtained somehow by ufologist Mario Zegarra, who leaked them to the press. A second UFO incident at the airport on February 7th was also leaked to the media.
As expected, the number one speculation about the 2019 UFOs is drones. If that’s the case, they’re probably not civilian drones because of the altitude (9,000 ft., 1.7 miles, 2.75 km) and the amount of time they were able to hover motionless (at least 42 minutes with some reports saying it was more like an hour). Also, a large international airport like Jorge Chavez – which handles 22 million passengers per year – would have at least called in the military or local police if the facility was truly shut down by personal drones.
That leads to the question … were they military drones? There’s no doubt military drones could handle the altitude and time aloft. It might also explain why the military wasn’t called in to deal with them. Was it a training or emergency exercise? That might make sense, considering the sighting occurred during the low-activity middle-of-the-night time period. It could also explain why it was kept quiet – did the exercise show flaws in the airport’s response system?
If not drones, military or otherwise, could it be … aliens? Why would aliens hover over an airport in Peru when the nearby mountains are full of cattle to mutilate and mines to steal silver and copper from? The report and the photos do not show flashing lights or other spacecraft indicators. A closer look at the radar image might give some clues, but it doesn’t seem that anyone asked for those.
Or did they?
For now, the latest UFOs over Jorge Chavez International Airport remain unidentified and mysterious.
Low-level clouds that cover the oceans could DISAPPEAR in the next century as a result of rising CO2 levels and cause climate change to spiral out of control, study warns
Low-level clouds that cover the oceans could DISAPPEAR in the next century as a result of rising CO2 levels and cause climate change to spiral out of control, study warns
Study found that marine stratocumulus clouds become unstable with high CO2
Researchers say the effect was seen with carbon levels at 1200 parts per million
Atmospheric carbon dioxide is currently at about 410 ppm, and continues to rise
If marine stratus clouds disappear Earth's temperature would dramatically spike
This is according to a new study, which found that high concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide cause marine stratus clouds to break up and, eventually, disappear.
Without these clouds, the surface would be exposed to more extreme levels of sunlight, risking global temperature increases upwards of 14 degrees Fahrenheit.
Rising greenhouse gases in Earth’s atmosphere could eventually drive low-level clouds out of the skies. And, this could make global warming much, much worse. A file photo of marine stratocumulus clouds is pictured
WHAT WAS THE PALEOCENE-EOCENE THERMAL MAXIMUM?
The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) was a global warming event that occurred about 56 million years ago.
During this time, scientists estimate about 3,000 to 7,000 gigatons of carbon accumulated over a period of 3,000 to 20,000 years.
This lead global temperatures to spike by 5 to 8 degrees Celsius (9 to 14 degrees Fahrenheit), bringing the average as high as 23 degrees Celsius (73 degrees Fahrenheit).
It lead to dramatic changes in Earth’s climate, driving major organisms to extinction and forcing others to migrate.
The shocking scenario could help to explain what happened during an extreme warming period roughly 56 million years ago, during what’s known as the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM).
And, it provides worrying insight as to what could happen if global carbon emissions aren’t curbed, the researchers say.
During the PETM, Earth experienced a mysterious spike in carbon dioxide that caused the greenhouse gas to accumulate in the atmosphere at extreme amounts over thousands of years.
As a result, temperatures rose globally by 5 to 8 degrees Celsius (9 to 14 degrees Fahrenheit), bringing the average as high as 23 degrees Celsius (73 degrees Fahrenheit).
According to the new study led by researchers at California Institute of Technology, CO2 concentrations higher than 1,200 parts per million (ppm) could push Earth to a tipping point in which marine stratus clouds become unstable.
When these clouds disappear, surface temperatures dramatically increase.
Stratus cloud decks cover about a fifth of subtropical oceans, and shade Earth’s surface from sunlight by reflecting it back to space.
Atmospheric carbon currently sits at around 410 ppm, and is still rising. If emissions continue at the current rates, the researchers say atmospheric CO2 could hit 1,200 in the next century.
‘I think and hope that technological changes will slow carbon emissions so that we do not actually reach such high CO2 concentrations,’ says Tapio Schneider, Theodore Y. Wu Professor of Environmental Science and Engineering at Caltech, and senior research scientist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
According to the new study led by researchers at California Institute of Technology, CO2 concentrations higher than 1,200 parts per million (ppm) could push Earth to a tipping point in which marine stratus clouds become unstable
‘But our results show that there are dangerous climate change thresholds that we had been unaware of,' the researcher says.
The supercomputer models also suggest the cloud decks won’t return until CO2 levels drop back down below 1,200 ppm.
And, there’s no telling how long that could take.
According to the researchers, these clouds are difficult to resolve in global climate models due to the small scale of the air motions that sustain them.
But, they’re a crucial player in regulating Earth’s surface temperature.
This research points to a blind spot in climate modelling,’ Schneider says.
Clouds May Eventually Disappear, Causing Earth To Heat Up Dramatically Jocelyne LeBlanc March 2, 2019 FACEBOOK TWITTER GOOGLE+ If climate change continues at the rate it’s going now, one of the most important types of clouds could eventually dis
Clouds May Eventually Disappear, Causing Earth To Heat Up Dramatically
If climate change continues at the rate it’s going now, one of the most important types of clouds could eventually disappear for good, causing the Earth to reach extreme temperatures. According to a paper published in the journalNature Geoscience, if enough carbon dioxide is pumped into the atmosphere, the stratocumulus clouds – which are those puffy clouds we often see in the sky – could become extinct. If that happens, the temperature here on Earth could climb to heights that are unimaginable.
Clouds are very important to our atmosphere, as they reflect sunlight away from the surface of Earth. If you look up at the sky and notice a white blanket of clouds, those are stratocumulus clouds and researchers think that sudden jumps in the Earth’s temperature in the past could have potentially been caused by changes to these types of clouds.
Stratocumulus clouds
In newly conducted research, scientists used a supercomputer to model a small part of the sky. They noticed that if the carbon dioxide (or CO2) levels in the atmosphere reach approximately 1,200 parts per million (or ppm), stratocumulus clouds end up breaking apart. As of right now, CO2 levels have already reached past 410 ppm which is quite high considering that it was at 280 ppm prior to the industrial revolution.
Unfortunately, there is more carbon dioxide going into our atmosphere each year. If we continue at the rate we’re going now, Earth’s atmosphere could reach 1,200 ppm in only 100 to 150 years. Now that’s scary. Earth’s temperature could reach an average of 14 degrees Fahrenheit higher in addition to the dangerous changes that are already being created from greenhouse gases. Not to mention the fact that Earth’s ice would melt causing devastating rises in the water levels.
To put this scenario into better perspective, the last time that Earth was that warm, crocodiles were swimming in the Arctic and the area around the equator was pretty much lifeless and scorching hot.
Stratocumulus clouds
If the stratocumulus clouds disappeared from our atmosphere, they probably wouldn’t come back until the carbon dioxide levels dropped below where they are now. There is, however, questions regarding this current data, as the 1,200 ppm number could end up being higher or lower as scientists conduct more research on this issue. Nevertheless, I think it’s pretty clear that something needs to be done to protect our atmosphere and the dangerous issues surrounding climate change.
As theunexplained mystery boom phenomenon continues worldwide, more people are beginning to pay attention to these anomalous sounds. What’s behind the sudden and dramatic increase in unexplained noises around the world? Are they reflective of a singular phenomenon, or could there be many different explanations? While I’ve written and speculated extensively about these mysterious explosion sounds over the past few years and believe they’re related, a recent incident in Northamptonshire, England shows that these unexplained sounds may not be as connected as they may seem.
The vast majority of the hundreds of mystery booms I’ve documented over the last three years are quite similar: a ground-shaking boom scares residents but leaves behind no further evidence. In Kingsport, however, residents have reported a strange smell the morning after the anomalous noises are heard. Could the two be related?
The Sywell Aerodrome in Northamptonshire.
“Everyone’s so baffled,” Northampton resident Kerri Griffin wrote on the Kingsthorpe Crime Page on Facebook. “Did anyone hear six loud bangs in the Acre Lane area at 3:29 am this morning (26th Feb)?” Dozens of residents chimed in to add that they, too, had heard the noises, although the times reported vary. The Northampton Chronicle & Echo writes that the booms have been occurring steadily since Sunday, February 24 and have been reported throughout a wide swath of the town.
Like in other cases of mystery booms, residents have reported that the unexplained noises have shook the ground and triggered car alarms. Some residents described the noises as sounding like fireworks or gunshots, while others say they’re more like a distant thunderclap. A few residents say they’ve heard loud voices at the same time as the booms, while others say they’ve smelled a mysterious burning odor the morning after the noises.
A Eurofighter Typhoon at RAF Coningsby in Lincolnshire, England.
While I’d normally write this one off as teenagers having a bit of late-night fun, a similar string of booms in 2016 show that there may be more to these recent booms than meets the headline. In April 2016, dozens of people throughout Northampton reported a boom that was later confirmed by the Ministry of Defence to be caused by a pair of fighter jets scrambled from the RAF Coningsby base to intercept an “unresponsive aircraft” in UK airspace. Little other information was released.
RAF Coningsby is located just to the east of Northampton and is responsible for Britain’s Quick Action Alert missions which are tasked with responding to unidentified aircraft approaching UK airspace. Could the RAF have something to do with the recent booms heard throughout Northampton? After all, the Royal Air Force has been busy in recent months responding to unidentified aircraft in the UK’s airspace, and scores of pilots and other eyewitnesses have been reporting all sorts of strange lights, anomalous objects, and other aerial mysteriesabove England lately. Is the RAF testing new aircraft or conducting exercises, or might there be incursions into UK airspace that we’re not being told about?
Shocking Video Footage Shows Black UFO Over Britain Skies
Shocking Video Footage Shows Black UFO Over Britain Skies
A video allegedly showing a bizarre rectangular alien spaceship moving over East Sussex has gained a lot of attention this week.
For many UFO enthusiasts, seeing is believing, and they think the latest evidence of an extraterrestrial spaceship visiting Earth has landed recently.
The footage seemingly shows a rectangular-shaped UFO moving at high speeds over English skies.
UFO researchers pointed out that the mysterious flying object is seen in three frames of the video. They added that it was mind-blowing to see a UFO flying that fast.
Many are convinced that it is an alien UFO because strange tunnel clouds appear in the background. They think that the UFO may be responsible for making that cloud tunnel, which is believed to be used for moving from one base to another on Earth.
A sector of conspiracy theorists says that cloud tunnels allow UFOs to travel from the locations they want while keeping them hidden in the human eyes.
However, the video shows that the cloud maker is caught.
The alleged UFO sighting is dated July 27, 2018, but it only surfaced online for the first time this week.
This is the most detailed view of the distant object Ultima Thule. The photo is a processed composite combining nine individual images taken by NASA's New Horizons spacecraft just 6.5 minutes before the spacecraft's closest approach to Ultima Thule on Jan. 1, 2019.
The best-ever photos of Ultima Thule have made it down to Earth, and they heighten the intrigue about the frigid and faraway world.
On New Year's Day, NASA's New Horizons spacecraft zoomed past the 21-mile-long (34 kilometers) Ultima Thule, setting a record for themost distant planetary encounter in history. (Ultima lies about 1 billion miles, or 1.6 billion km, beyond Pluto, which New Horizons flew by in July 2015.)
New Horizons has been beaming flyby data and imagery home to its handlers ever since, and will continue to do so for another 18 months. The early returns have been spectacular, revealing Ultima Thule to be a weird snowman-pancake hybrid with mysterious features, such as a bright "collar' where the body's two lobes meet. [New Horizons at Ultima Thule: Full Coverage]
And now we have our best look yet. New flyby photos released today (Feb. 22) show Ultima in even more stunning detail, capturing bright circular features and dark pits, whose origins remain mysterious.
"Whether these features [the pits] are craters produced by impactors, sublimation pits, collapse pits or something entirely different is being debated in our science team," New Horizons Deputy Project Scientist John Spencer, of the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) in Boulder, Colorado, said in a statement.
The newly released images boast a resolution of about 110 feet (33 meters) per pixel. They're the highest-resolution pictures New Horizons has ever taken, and may ever take during its operational life, mission team members said.
The photos were captured just 6.5 minutes before the craft's closest approach on Jan. 1. At the time, New Horizons was 4,109 miles (6,628 km) from Ultima Thule and 4.1 billion miles (6.6 billion km) from Earth, mission team members said. (Closest approach brought the probe within a mere 2,200 miles, or 3,500 km, of Ultima.)
There was no guarantee we'd ever get to see Ultima Thule — whose official name is 2014 MU69 — in this dazzling light. Capturing the newly released images was a "stretch goal" that demanded a precise square-up of Ultima in the narrow field of view of New Horizons' telescopic camera.
"Getting these images required us to know precisely where both tiny Ultima and New Horizons were — moment by moment — as they passed one another at over 32,000 mph [51,500 km/h] in the dim light of the Kuiper Belt, a billion miles beyond Pluto. This was a much tougher observation than anything we had attempted in our 2015 Pluto flyby," New Horizons Principal Investigator Alan Stern, also of SwRI, said in the same statement.
"These 'stretch goal' observations were risky, because there was a real chance we'd only get part or even none of Ultima in the camera's narrow field of view," Stern added. "But the science, operations and navigation teams nailed it, and the result is a field day for our science team! Some of the details we now see on Ultima Thule's surface are unlike any object ever explored before."
New Horizons launched in January 2006 to lift the veil on Pluto, which had remained largely mysterious since its 1930 discovery. The Ultima Thule flyby is the centerpiece of an extended mission that runs through 2021.
New Horizons is in good health and has enough fuel to fly by yet another distant object, if NASA grants another mission extension, Stern and other mission team members have said.
Mike Wall's book about the search for alien life, "Out There" (Grand Central Publishing, 2018; illustrated byKarl Tate) is out now.
Earth’s atmosphere contains about 21% oxygen today. Plants produce it, and animals – including humans – breathe it. Ancient rocks provide clues about when the oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere began to arise.
Stromatolite in Shark Bay, Western Australia. These fossilized stromatolites are thought to be some of the most ancient forms of life on Earth and are comprised of organisms that probably contributed to the O2 scientists are inferring existed on ancient Earth (i.e., cyanobacteria).
Oxygen in the form of the oxygen molecule (O2), produced by plants and vital for animals, is abundant in Earth’s atmosphere and oceans. But that hasn’t always been the case. When, and in what environments, did O2 begin to build up on Earth? A new study that looked at ancient rocks in Western Australia suggests it started happening earlier than we thought.
The O2 on Earth was relatively scarce for much of our planet’s 4.6 billion-year existence. But at some point, Earth underwent what scientists call the Great Oxidation Event or GOE for short, as ocean microbes evolved to produce O2 via photosynthesis. O2 first accumulated in Earth’s atmosphere at this time and has been present ever since. It’s been thought that this happened sometime between 2.5 and 2.3 billion years ago.
Through numerous studies in this field of research, however, evidence has emerged that there were minor amounts of O2 in small areas of Earth’s ancient shallow oceans before the GOE. The new study publishedFebruary 25, 2019 in the peer-reviewed journal Nature Geoscience, has provided evidence for significant ocean oxygenation before the GOE, on a larger scale and to greater depths than previously recognized.
Stromatolite in Shark Bay, Western Australia.
Image via Ariel Anbar, ASU.
For this study, the team targeted a set of 2.5 billion-year-old marine rocks called stromatolites from Western Australia known as the Mt. McRae Shale. Stromatolites are sedimentary rocks formed by the growth of layer upon layer of cyanobacteria, a single-celled microbe that gets energy through photosynthesis, releasing oxygen as a by-product. Chadlin Ostrander, of Arizona State University’s School of Earth and Space Exploration is the study lead author. He said in a statement:
These rocks were perfect for our study because they were shown previously to have been deposited during an anomalous oxygenation episode before the Great Oxidation Event.
For this research, the team dissolved samples and separated elements of interest in a the lab, then measured isotopic compositions on a mass spectrometer. Their analysis determined that the rocks could only have their chemical signatures of the rock meant that O2 needed to have been present all the way down to the sea floor 2.5 billion years ago. Read more about how the scientists did the study here.
The 2.5 billion-year-old Mt. McRae Shale from Western Australia was analyzed for thallium and molybdenum isotope compositions, revealing a pattern that indicates manganese oxide minerals were being buried over large regions of the ancient sea floor. For this burial to occur, O2 needed to have been present all the way down to the sea floor 2.5 billion-years-ago.
The researchers suggest that accumulation of O2 was probably not restricted to small portions of the planet’s surface ocean prior to the GOE. More likely, they say, is that O2 accumulation extended over large regions of the ocean and far into the ocean’s depths – in some of areas, even all the way down to the sea floor.
Our discovery forces us to rethink the initial oxygenation of Earth. Many lines of evidence suggest that O2 started to accumulate in Earth’s atmosphere after about 2.5 billion years ago during the GOE. However, it is now apparent that Earth’s initial oxygenation is a story rooted in the ocean. O2 probably accumulated in Earth’s oceans — to significant levels, according to our data — well before doing so in the atmosphere.
Researcher Chad Ostrander with a 2.7 billion-year-old fossilized stromatolite in Western Australia.
Bottom line: A new study that looked at ancient rocks in Western Australia suggests the O2 in Earth’s atmosphere started building up earlier than thought.
3D printing technology has revolutionized the manufacturing process. After doing miracles in medical fields, automotive industry, and food industry, now it is going to do wonders in space industry.
Recently UK space company Orbex unveiled its Prime Rocket’s gigantic second stage —it is the “world’s largest 3D printed rocket engine,” It is Designed to deliver small satellites into Earth’s orbit.
Here are some of its features:
It is the first commercial rocket to work with bio-propane, a “clean-burning, renewable fuel source that cuts carbon emissions by 90 percent.”
Orbex Prime is “uniquely manufactured in a single piece without joins”, No joins implies rocket with better strength in bearing extreme temperature and pressure fluctuations.
The rocket is made up using carbon fiber and aluminum composite that makes it 30 percent lighter and 20 percent more efficient than other small launchers.
Orbex has plans to pull off its first launch from Scotland in 2021.
Orbex has signed up Switzerland’s Astrocast SA to launch 64 nanosatellites to build a global Internet of Things network.
Graham Turnock, Chief Executive of the UK Space Agency, said, “Orbex’s new rocket design facility brings Britain one step closer to having its own domestic commercial launch capability and firmly positions the UK as Europe’s frontrunner for those looking to Earth’s orbit and beyond for new opportunities”
The new Orbex Prime engine burns liquid oxygen and propane
Orbex reveals its new #Prime rocket which includes the world’s largest 3D printed rocket engine, made in a single piece without joins, giving it the edge over other engines, which can suffer from weaknesses associated with joining & welding. #OrbexRevealshttps://buff.ly/2SjmZtS
British spaceflight company Orbex, plans to open their headquarters and rocket design facility in Sutherland in the Scottish Highlands. The 2,000 square metre HQ in Forres, in the north east of Scotland. The new base will bring more than 130 jobs to the region
Prime has been designed to take satellites into Earth's orbit to altitudes of up to 776 miles (1,250 km). The new headquarters in Forres will combine a rocket design and integration facility. Here, the rocket launches proposed Sutherland site
What The Heck Are These Weird Tracks At The Bottom Of The Great Blue Hole? (Video)
What The Heck Are These Weird Tracks At The Bottom Of The Great Blue Hole? (Video)
What The Heck Are These Weird Tracks At The Bottom Of The Great Blue Hole? (Video)
Some Mysterious tracks are found at the bottom of the Great Blue Hole-the world’s largest ocean sinkhole, which is located about 60 miles from the coast of Belize.
In December this past year, a crew of explorers, which include billionaire Richard Branson and Fabien Cousteau, the grandson of French explorer Jacques Cousteau, took part in a quest to dive to the bottom of the hole to determine what was down there. At over 1,000 feet wide and 410 feet deep, it is a largely unexplored natural wonder.
It formed as a limestone cave hundreds of thousands of years ago when the sea level was far lower. At the end of the last ice age, ice caps melted and sea levels rose, submerging the cavern to become what is currently the Great Blue Hole.
In November and December this past year, teams carried out over 20 dives into the void in an effort to generate a 3D map of it. One of these dives was broadcast live on the Discovery Channel. In it, Branson and Cousteau, led by submarine pilot Erika Bergman, entered into the hole’s depths.
In an interview, Bergman has talked about what she observed within the Great Blue Hole. She stated they discovered never-before-seen stalactites at the base of the hole: “That was pretty exciting, because they haven’t been mapped there before. They haven’t been discovered there before.”
Even though the water was completely dark, high-resolution sonar equipment on board helped them to view concealed features of the formation. “You can be 20 or 30 meters away from a stalactite or a hunk of the wall and see it in every perfect detail, better than eyesight could even provide,” she explained.
They also discovered some unidentifiable tracks right at the base of the hole-the source of which are “open to interpretation,” Bergman stated.
Researchers are now near finishing the 3D sonar map of the hole. “It looks really cool-it’s this mesh-layered, sonar scan of the entire thousand-foot diameter hole,” Bergman said.
In addition to the mysterious tracks, Branson stated, they discovered plastic bottles sitting at the bottom of the Great Blue Hole. In a blog posting about the dive, he published: “As for the mythical monsters of the deep? Well, the real monsters facing the ocean are climate change-and plastic. Sadly, we saw plastic bottles at the bottom of the hole, which is a real scourge of the ocean. We’ve all got to get rid of single-use plastic.”
Not to long ago some comparable tracks were discovered on Google Earth which could be evidence of alien activity and that extraterrestrial beings mining the ocean floor for valuable resources.
The weird markings go on for miles and look almost as if someone has been driving a huge tank on the seafloor, and when I say huge, I mean HUGE. In fact, judging from the size of the tracks, the giant sea-tank would have to have treads around several city blocks wide.
Planet X: "You Have No Scientific Evidence", Deine Scientific Evidence! Observational Evidence!
Planet X: "You Have No Scientific Evidence", Define Scientific Evidence! Observational Evidence!
Let me know what you think of this channel if this does well. First time sharing from it. Welcome to March! Roar.
Planet Nine is hypothesized to follow a highly elliptical orbit around the Sun with a period lasting 10,000–20,000 years. The planet’s semi-major axis is estimated to be700 AU, roughly 20 times the distance from Neptune to the Sun, and its inclination to the ecliptic, the plane of the Solar System, to be about30°±10°.
Following the discovery of the planet Neptune in 1846, there was considerable speculation that another planet might exist beyond its orbit. Wikipedia
ev·i·dence
/ˈevədəns/
noun
1.
the available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid.
WETENSCHAP & PLANEET Het wordt morgen een belangrijke dag voor SpaceX, het ruimtevaartbedrijf van Elon Musk. Dan vindt vanop Cape Canaveral in Florida de eerste testvlucht plaats van de Crew Dragon, een gloednieuwe capsule die in de toekomst mensen de ruimte in moet brengen. Deze keer is er nog een dummy aan boord – Ripley, naar de heldin uit de legendarische Alien-films – maar als alles goed gaat, zullen er in juli de eerste astronauten mee naar het internationaal ruimtestation ISS vliegen.
Dat laatste zou een historische gebeurtenis zijn, want het is intussen acht jaar geleden dat er nog astronauten vanop Amerikaanse bodem de ruimte in gingen. De afgelopen jaren moest NASA haar astronauten meesturen met – dure – Russische toestellen. Met de hulp van private firma’s zoals SpaceX en Boeing hoeft de ruimtevaartorganisatie dat binnenkort niet meer te doen. Ze investeert daarvoor maar liefst 8 miljard in de bedrijven.
De testvlucht van dit weekend zal in totaal zes dagen duren. Na de lancering zal de Crew Dragon een dag later arriveren aan het internationaal ruimtestation ISS. Daar zullen de drie bewoners de dummy die aan boord is verwelkomen. Ripley zal het trendy witte ruimtepak van SpaceX aanhebben. Dat zal ook het pak zijn dat astronauten in de toekomst dragen.
Voor alle duidelijkheid: Ripley is geen dood gewicht. Ze draagt een heleboel sensoren waarmee de reis naar het ruimtestation en terug gemonitord zal worden door wetenschappers van SpaceX en ruimtevaartorganisatie NASA. In het bijzonder de krachten en versnellingen die de toekomstige astronauten zullen ervaren aan boord van het toestel. De informatie zal gebruikt worden om de bemande vluchten van de Crew Dragon succesvol te kunnen uitvoeren. (lees hieronder verder)
“Het doel is om een idee te krijgen van wat mensen zouden voelen in haar plaats”, verduidelijkte vicepresident Build and Flight Reliability bij SpaceX Hans Koenigsmann gisteren tijdens een persconferentie. “We verwachten niet echt grote verrassingen, maar het is beter om op zeker te spelen en ons ervan te vergewissen dat alles veilig en comfortabel is voor de twee NASA-astronauten die mee zullen gaan op de volgende vlucht van de capsule.”
Het belang van de missie kan niet onderschat worden, aldus ook voormalig astronaut Scott Kelly. Hij verbleef al eens een jaar lang in het ISS. “Grote stappen worden gezet dankzij een hele reeks kleinere stappen. Dit wordt alvast een grote stap”, twitterde hij gisteren.
Veilig en comfortabel
SpaceX deed de afgelopen zeven jaar 16 leveringen van materiaal aan het ISS. Daarvoor gebruikte het een capsule die luisterde naar de naam Dragon. Die werd nu omgevormd tot de Crew Dragon, die ook veilig en comfortabel moet zijn voor passagiers. Ze is iets groter – 8 meter hoog – en wordt net als de cargocapsule gelanceerd vanop een Falcon 9-raket van SpaceX. (lees hieronder verder)
Er zijn vier zitjes aan boord en drie ramen, maar op termijn moeten zeven astronauten meekunnen. De zonnecellen van de capsule zitten nu op het toestel zelf en niet op speciale vleugels. Mocht er zich een noodsituatie voordoen, zitten er ook acht motoren in de wanden van de capsule. Die kunnen de Crew Dragon van de draagraket schieten, mocht er iets fout gaan bij de lancering.
De missie die morgen van start gaat, heeft overigens niet alleen Ripley aan boord. Er zit ook voor 200 kilogram aan uitrustingen en voorraden voor het ISS in het toestel.
Live
Wie de lancering live wil volgen, kan terecht op de website van SpaceX. De raket zou morgenvroeg om 8.49 uur Belgische tijd aan haar missie moeten beginnen op een nieuw lanceringscomplex van het Kennedy Space Center, waar een halve eeuw geleden de historische Apollo-missies vertrokken. (lees hieronder verder)
SpaceX De Crew Falcon bovenop de Falcon 9-raket. Astronauten zullen in de toekomst via de uitschuifbare brug rechts in het toestel plaats kunnen nemen.
SpaceX Het ruimtepak dat de astronauten van SpaceX zullen krijgen.
De capsule zal zich na haar vlucht naar het ISS op 8 maart weer ontkoppelen en even na zonsopgang met een parachute landen in de Atlantische Oceaan, een paar honderd kilometer voor de kust van Florida.
Afhankelijk van hoe de testvlucht gaat en hoeveel aanpassingen er nog nodig zijn aan bijvoorbeeld de parachutes en de stuwraketten, wil SpaceX zijn eerste NASA-astronauten in juli lanceren. Concurrent Boeing zit het bedrijf van Elon Musk evenwel dicht op de hielen. Dat wil in april een eerste onbemande test doen met zijn Starliner en zou de eerste astronauten – dat zullen er drie zijn – in augustus de ruimte in brengen. Als alles goed gaat, welteverstaan.
Starman
Maar eerst is het dus aan Ripley en zij gaat zo Starman achterna, de dummy die vorig jaar in de knalrode Tesla van Elon Musk de ruimte in werd gebracht tijdens een testvlucht van de Falcon Heavy. Ripley wordt in tegenstelling tot Starman wél terugverwacht op aarde.
One very strange phenomenon that has become more popular and pervasive in the world of the paranormal is what has come to be called the Mandela Effect. It deals with the preponderance of people who have very vivid memories of things being differently than they are, of recalling people, events, and places differently than the way they are represented in actual reality, a sort of a mass misremembering of the same facts or details by a large number of people. This can apply to popular culture such as movies, or extend to historical events and beyond, and it has even popped up in the form of people remembering the actual geography of the world differently than what it is.
The theory itself has its origins in 2010 with a paranormal researcher named Fiona Broome, when she found that a fact she clearly remembered seeing on the news, that Nelson Mandela had died in prison in the 1980s, was actually wrong and that he in fact was still alive at the time, indeed living until 2013, when he died from a respiratory illness at his home. This perplexed her, as she so vividly and clearly remembered his death in the 80s, and when she voiced this puzzlement online there was a deluge of others who seemed to share this memory of the same thing, claiming that they clearly recalled seeing it on the news, could envision the reports, and even that they had been taught about it at school. The name eventually stuck as a new phenomenon that became a persistent feature of the lexicon of the paranormal, and the term “Mandela Effect” stuck, encompassing all manner of feature of our reality that for whatever reasons a massive number of people remember completely wrong, perhaps suggesting the possibility of alternate parallel dimensions beyond our comprehension.
A very common facet of the Mandela Effect with regards to geography is the surprisingly large number of people who distinctly and clearly remember whole countries being different shapes, sizes, or in different positions than they were before. The most dramatic of these are those places that seem to have completely changed location. A very famous example of this is the island nation of New Zealand. Without looking at a map, where do you picture it being? Does it lie to the northeast of Australia or the southeast? Is it to the east of the continent or the west?
The correct answer is that New Zealand is located to the far southeast of Australia, approximately 1,200 miles from the mainland, but for many this might be quite a jolt. It appears that there is a large and very vocal population of people, in rare cases even those who actually live in New Zealand, who insist that this is wrong according to their memory. Interestingly, there seem to be different camps of those who remember the location differently. For some it is supposed to be much farther south than it is, for others they learned it was to the northeast rather than the southeast, and usually remembered as much closer to the Australia mainland than actually is, and for others still it is supposed to lie completely on the other side of the Australian continent to the west rather than the east. One Reddit commenter says of this all:
I remember it west of Australia. Sixteen years ago I bought a globe. I was actually thinking about Australia and New Zealand and how I didn’t know much about either, so I thought I should really know where they are. So I looked at my globe and saw it as a big landmass west of Australia. I thought ‘this is a good way to remember it, it seems exotic to me because it is further away from the United States, further west.
This seems to be no minor quibble or random mistake for some of these people, as there are plenty of people who seem to be genuinely shocked and horrified to learn the real location. As another Reddit commenter says, it was practically life-changing for him to be confronted with this anomalous geographical discrepancy:
When this all came to my attention a couple days ago I go over to my sister’s room and look for this globe we’ve had for years. First place I look is for New Zealand northeast area of Australia… lo and behold, New Zealand is now southeast of Australia in the middle of nowhere. At that point it felt like I had been kicked in the stomach. I won the geography award in grade school and have a plaque that my parents still have on display, and I’m willing to scan it to prove it. Geography is something I’ve always had a keen awareness of.
One commonly held memory of where people think New Zealand is
It is not only New Zealand either, and there are other island countries that people adamantly insist were once in different locations. A popular one is the country of Sri Lanka. Again, where do you remember it as being? If you said it is obviously directly to the south of India, then you are wrong. Sri Lanka actually lies to the southeast of India, a fact that seems to really bother a lot of people who insist that it should be directly to the south of the tip of mainland India. One commenter on the site TheMandela Effect has said of this:
I have interviewed 5 persons regarding the location of Sri Lanka(ceylon)and asked them to draw a map, all of them drew it as they remembered and it was far far downwards, further I asked them to draw a horizontal line touching the tip of India’s extremity, the line went over the sea, all clear… and all were cynics.
Almost everybody remembers the country located further south beyond the tip of India. Being Indian I have the advantage of getting genuine feed back, and the peculiarity of Sri Lanka is that India is the only neighbor and people in India are aware of this sensivity and are keen enough to notice the location.
Other island nations are also constantly remembered as being in the wrong place as well. Cuba is often remembered as having been closer to Florida than Mexico, but it is actually closer to the latter. It is 214 km from Mexico and 228 km from Florida. Japan is also hotly debated, with a great many people convinced that it used to be farther south, nearer to China, when it actually sits much farther north than is recalled, next to Russia. Greenland is also remembered as in the wrong place, and many are quite shocked to learn that it not only is only 14 miles from Canada, but that it is actually much larger than recalled, a full 836,000 Sq. miles in area, about 21 times the size of Iceland. Speaking of different sizes and shapes, a large number of people also remember Russia as looking much different than it does, claiming that it looks decidedly wrong when looking at it now, to the point that it is baffling for some.
To anyone who correctly remembers the location, shapes, and sizes of these places all of this talk of how they are remembered differently must seem absurd, but it’s interesting how persistent and uniform many of these false memories are, how badly they jar and unsettle those faced with cold, hard reality, and they are enough that there are whole forums devoted to heatedly discussing these issues. Just about as bizarre as remembering countries in different places are those locations that seem to have appeared from nowhere or to have conversely disappeared off the face of the Earth.
By far the weirdest and most intensely discussed of these among Mandela Effect theorists nowadays is a Norwegian archipelago in the Arctic Ocean called Svalbard, which is an Unincorporated area of Norway. It is a large land, 23,561 sq. miles in dimension, with a rich history spanning back to the 12th century and its own culture, traditions, and people. The problem is that for a lot of people it should not be there, and looks decidedly out of place on maps, just sitting out there where nothing existed before. How could so many people misremember this place as not existing? It might seem rather ridiculous if you remember correctly, but there is a very vocal contingent of people who are certain that Svalbard never existed until very recently for them.
Svalbard
Another place that quite a few people don’t remember existing before is the Canadian territory of Nunavut, which is the largest territory of Canada and is larger than Texas, California and France combined. Some people find this baffling, as they have never heard of it, and although it is a relatively new territory, being split from the Northwest Territories in 1999, it still is rather jarring for a surprising number of people. Perhaps even stranger is a country that was in existence from the Middle Ages all the way up until the 1800s, called Great Tartary. It was considered a major power at the time, and was vast in area, being even larger than Russia, positioned in the northern part of Asia and bounded by Siberia on the north and west. Although it is no longer a country, for such a large country with such an illustrious history it seems odd that so few people have ever heard of it, with many insisting that it never existed before.
Adding to all of the anomalies we have looked at so far are persistent and pervasive miscellaneous geographical conundrums that a lot of people remember wrong in the same way. A common one is that there is the vast number of people who swear that they distinctly learned that the United States has 51 states, or even 52, rather than the correct 50, and insist that in their remembered history Puerto Rico is a state. This might seem ludicrous to some, but they are adamant that their memory on this is very clear. Another is the location of Fort Knox, the military base famous for its gold reserves, which is located in the state of Kentucky, but which many very clearly remember as being in Tennessee. There are even those who claim to have been stationed there or know people who were, who insist that they were in Tennessee, not Kentucky. Weird.
Fort Knox
Again, for those who remember this all correctly, this must all seem pretty wild. It must seem to obviously be just the result of ignorance or stupidity mixed with the fact that most people don’t look at maps on a regular basis and their mind just sort of fills in the blanks of what they don’t know. Yet, a lot of the people who claim these discrepancies between what they remember and reality are well-educated, normal people, and these mistakes are so clearly remembered wrongly in a similar way across the board that it is at the very least an interesting psychological phenomenon, and perhaps something far stranger. People are so convinced that the world once looked differently that there are even whole maps available online of how the world should look to them versus how it actually appears. Why do these people remember these geographical details so wrongly and to such a degree that it is very often mentally troubling for them when confronted with the truth? It largely depends on who you ask.
For proponents of the Mandela Effect, this is all indicative of some sort of mysterious mass shift between two different realities. This relies on a concept known as the “multiverse,” which proposes that there are infinite parallel and offshoot universes coexisting with ours, with infinite permutations and infinite versions of you inhabiting many of them. In some of these alternate dimensions the difference could be very slight, such as you wearing a red t-shirt today instead of a blue one. In another, things could be more dramatic, such as having a different president, another one in which history is different, or even one in which the dinosaurs never went extinct.
In relation to the Mandela Effect, the idea is at some point a number of people has transferred over to a different timeline in a parallel dimension, while retaining the memories of how things were in their own reality. These two realities might be nearly identical, with the only differences being subtle yet jarring, such as in this case the location or size of a country or place. Making it even more bizarre is that this may have involved a straight swap with the you from this new reality and the other one, meaning that while one version of you wonders where, say, Svalbard came from, the other you from this reality is in the one you came from, wondering where in the world Svalbard went. For proponents of this cause of the Mandela Effect, it is all caused by the fact that the details and timelines of the two parallel universe don’t line up exactly, which can drive these people nuts and lodge into their psyche like splinters in the mind. How this shift happened or how many people were involved is anyone’s guess, and the ones who remember correctly are the ones who never left, and are safely in their home reality.
It’s all a very interesting, sci-fi sounding concept that is great as a thought experiment, but unfortunately there is ultimately no evidence at all that this has actually happened to any degree other than the insistence of those who are absolutely sure that reality does not match what they so clearly and potently remember. This forces us to look at more mundane possible explanations, and this mainly comes down to pointing out just how unreliable and malleable memories can be. Indeed, it has been show that memories can be influenced or even created with enough suggestion and belief, and false memories are surprisingly common. Although we still don’t fully understand how memories work or how our brain processes them, it has been found that memories can be subject to changes and evolve or be warped over time, and this can be influenced by how confident you are in that memory, even if it’s wrong, and what those around you think. As the site Stuff.com New Zealandsays:
It seems that the act of remembering something over and over again builds your confidence in that memory – even if you are more and more wrong every time. Which, really, explains the Mandela Effect well. You may stumble upon the community with a few things misremembered, a few details out of place, then by virtue of reading about hundreds of others who agree with you, set that wrong memory in stone. Suddenly you aren’t thinking “oh I thought that was there,” you’re thinking “I definitely know that it was in a different place”. Your ideology is rewarded and reinforced, as it is in any community.
Is that what is going on here? Are so many people just conjuring up these memories in their heads? Is this the result of some sort of mental short circuit or psychological trick, or is there something else at work to it all? Has the world changed from one universe and timeline to another for some people? There are numerous other examples of the Mandela Effect and geography, and I have only presented some of the odder and more widely discussed, but they all seem perplexing and widespread enough to give food for thought, regardless of whether one remembers it the “right way” or not. Considering there is not much we are able to do to prove the existence of other realities, or that people have traveled unwittingly between them, it is likely that the debate will continue, with those who think it is all an illusion on one side and those individuals for whom the world looks different than their memory on the other.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.