Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS NEARLY 13 YEARS AND 4 MONTH.
ON /30/09/2024 MORE THAN 2.230.520
VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
19-03-2019
UFO sightings: NASA expert urges to take alien claims SERIOUSLY - 'There must be life'
UFO sightings: NASA expert urges to take alien claims SERIOUSLY - 'There must be life'
UFO claims and stories of extraterrestrial visitors to Earth need to be considered without blanket scepticism, a physicist and former NASA researcher has shockingly claimed.
NASA’s hunt for proof ofalienlife is at the forefront of the space agency’s deep space exploration. But here on Earth, many conspiracy theorists and self-appointed UFO-hunters are already certain aliens visit Earth on a regular basis. Most of these alien claims, supposed UFO sightings and stories of mysterious crop circles appearing overnight are immediately dismissed by the scientific community. A former NASA researcher and physicist at the University of Albany, however, has argued immediate scepticism to all UFO-related theories is counterproductive.
Kevin Knuth, an associate professor at Albany, argued in an opinion piece for Cosmos Magazine, the odds of life existing outside of Earth are pretty high.
The “unsettling and refreshing” possibility is exactly why, he argued, more attention needs to be paid to what is happening in the skies.
Dr Knuth said: “I think UFO scepticism has become something of a religion with an agenda, discounting the possibility of extraterrestrials without scientific evidence, while often providing silly hypotheses describing only one or two aspects of a UFO encounter reinforcing the popular belief that there is a conspiracy.
“A scientist must consider all of the possible hypotheses that explain all of the data, and since little is known, the extraterrestrial hypothesis cannot yet be ruled out.
UFO sightings: A former NASA researchers hopes alien life exists
(Image: GETTY)
“In the end, the sceptics often do science a disservice by providing a poor example of how science is to be conducted.
I think UFO skepticism has become something of a religion
Kevin Knuth, University of Albany
“The fact is that many of these encounters – still a very small percentage of the total – defy conventional explanation.”
The main reason why scientists are exhorted about the prospect of alien life, outside of questionable UFO footage, is the so-called Fermi Paradox.
Nuclear physicist Enrico Fermi explored the probability of life developing outside of Earth after he considered some 300 billion stars exist in the galaxy, many of which are billions of years older than our own Sun.
Even if intelligent life was to develop on a small fraction of these planets in the near 14 billion-year-long history of the universe, tens of thousands of alien species should technically exist outside of Earth.
Dr Knuth said this might in and of itself does not prove aliens do exist somewhere in the Milky Way but the prospect is nonetheless exciting.
The biggest problem faced by human explorers today is the lack of speedy and efficient interstellar travel technology.
The scientist said: “With the rocket-based technologies that we have developed for space travel, it would take between 5 and 50 million years for a civilisation like ours to colonise our Milky Way galaxy.
UFO sightings: There are enough solar systems in the universe for life to have developedµ
(Image: GETTY)
UFO sightings: There is no concrete evidence to prove UFOs exist
(Image: GETTY)
“Since this should have happened several times already in the history of our galaxy, one should wonder where is the evidence of these civilisations?
“This discrepancy between the expectation that there should be evidence of alien civilisations or visitations and the presumption that no visitations have been observed has been dubbed the Fermi Paradox.”
Unfortunately, Dr Knuth said, there has been no “smoking gun” evidence, which could once and for all prove the existence of UFOs.
But the topic remains an area worthy of interest, study and serious debate for as long as even the slightest possibility of alien life exists.
Dr Knuth said it would greatly benefit the scientific community to try and better understand alien visitors should they ever arrive.
He said: “Moreover, this would present a great opportunity for mankind, promising to expand and advance our knowledge and technology, as well as reshaping our understanding of our place in the universe.”
WETENSCHAP & PLANEET SpaceX is begonnen met de bouw van het eerste prototype voor zijn ‘Starship’. Topman Elon Muks heeft dit bevestigd met een korte videoclip waarin het te gebruiken hitteschild wordt getest.
Elon Musk zegt op Twitter dat de tweede rakettrap, het gedeelte van de Starship-raket dat in de ruimte komt, momenteel al wordt gebouwd. Dit is de nieuwe, grote, geheel herbruikbare raket waarmee onder meer naar Mars moet worden gevlogen en die voorheen bekend stond onder de naam Big Falcon Rocket.
Momenteel is SpaceX ook al bezig om de roestvaststalen hitteschilden van de Starship te testen. Deze hitteschilden, die worden gevormd door zeshoekige tegels, hebben een beperkte hittetest succesvol doorstaan. Daarbij zijn temperaturen van 1.375 graden Celsius gehaald, wat volgens Musk de temperatuur is waar het ruimteschip mee te maken krijgt bij de terugkeer in de dampkring.
Dit hitteschild is gemaakt met een technologie die transpirational cooling heet. Kleine gaatjes in het hitteschild waar water of methaan doorheen gaat, moeten de buitenkant koelen. Dit moet eventuele schade aan het hitteschild beperken en ervoor zorgen dat de raket weer snel herbruikbaar is. Transpirational cooling wordt toegevoegd zodra er erosie optreedt bij het hitteschild, legde Musk uit.
Musk liet ook weten dat SpaceX ‘hopelijk’ nog deze week begint met het testen van de kleine testversie van StarShip, genaamd Starhopper. Deze wordt uitgerust met een Raptor, de methaanraketmotor waarmee de grote Starship uiteindelijk wordt uitgerust. De Hopper zal tijdens tests hooguit ietwat van het platform komen en nog niet echt opstijgen. In januari viel deze kleine testversie nog om door een sterke wind.
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Clif High: UFOs, Alien Encounters, & Secret Space via Richard Dolan
Clif High: UFOs, Alien Encounters, & Secret Space via Richard Dolan
Clif High and Predictive Linguistics. PL is the process of using computer software to aggregate vast amounts of written text from the internet by categories delineated by the emotional content of the words and using the result to make forecasts based on the emotional ‘tone’ changes within the larger population. A form of ‘collective sub-conscious expression’ is a good way to think of it.
Predictive linguistics can be used to forecast trends at many different levels, from the detail of sales to individuals, all the way up to forecasts about emerging global population trends. Richard Dolan is one of the world’s leading researchers and writers on the subject of UFOs and believes that they constitute the greatest mystery of our time. He is the author of two volumes of history, UFOs and the National Security State, both ground-breaking works which together provide the most factually complete and accessible narrative of the UFO subject available anywhere.
He also co-authored a speculative book about the future, A.D. After Disclosure, the first-ever analysis not only of how UFO secrecy might end, but of the all-important question: what happens next?
The powerful meteorblast exploded near Russia’s remote Kamchatka Peninsula, over the open waters of the Bering Sea. Military satellite over the region tracked the meteor blast to around 16 miles (25.6km) above the ground. The incident occurred on December 18 last year, when the fireball entered the atmosphere at breakneck speeds of about 71,582mph or 32km per second. The meteor never reached the ground but NASA estimates the blast was more powerful than the devastating nuclear bomb dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945.
NASA meteor: A monstrous fireball exploded over the Bering Sea
(Image: NA)
Kelly Fast, an asteroid expert at NASA, said of the latest meteor impact: “That was 40 percent the energy release of Chelyabinsk, but it was over the Bering Sea so it didn't have the same type of effect or show up in the news.
That was 40 percent the energy release of Chelyabinsk
Kelly Fast, NASA
“That's another thing we have in our defence, there's plenty of water on the planet.”
According to NASA, the meteor entered the Earth’s atmosphere at a steep angle of around seven degrees.
The meteor’s explosion was then detected by military satellites and the information was relayed to NASA.
Dr Johnson, said the fireball flew towards the ground through an area populated by commercial aeroplane rates between North America and Asia.
Asteroids and comets of various sizes pelt the Earth on a regular basis but rarely does an object big enough to cause widespread destruction approach the planet.
The real danger comes from so-called “Near-Earth Objects” (NEOs) measuring more than 460ft (140m) in diameter.
In 2005, the US Congress tasked NASA with detecting and cataloguing the up to 90 percent of these objects within the boundaries of our solar system.
NASA meteor: The giant explosion remained largely undetected
(Image: GETTY)
NASA meteor: The fireball blast was bigger than the Hiroshima nuclear bomb
(Image: GETTY)
Space rocks this big are dubbed “Potentially Hazardous Asteroids” (PHAs) because they have the potential to wipe out or severely damage entire regions.
A 2018 joint-report between NASA and the White House said: “NEO impacts of varying size could have major environmental, economic, and geopolitical consequences detrimental to the United States, even if the impact is outside US territory.
“The direct effects from a NEO impact depend on its size, composition, and impact speed.
“Small, rocky NEOs are likely to explode before hitting the ground, resulting in an airburst that could produce a wider area of moderate damage compared with a similarly sized metallic object that would strike the ground and cause heavier, more localised devastation.”
New Lost Ancient Civilizations Documentary 2019 Cities Beneath the Jungles, Deserts and Seas
New Lost Ancient Civilizations Documentary 2019 Cities Beneath the Jungles, Deserts and Seas
There are many ancient mysteries in human history, none capture the attention as much as long lost civilisations that have never been rediscovered.
In a new, never seen before documentary, we will look in deserts, dense jungles and even underwater and prove that ancient cities are just waiting to be found. With the advance of new technology, it is entirely possible that archaeologists will one day make a history changing discovery that will simply defy comprehension, by unearthing a previously unknown civilisation.
Watch eye-opening documentaries by subscribing and of course hit the bell button in the top right to stay informed of our latest releases. Leave a like, comment and of course share far and wide.
UFO Hunter Suspected Alien Base on the Moon, Smells NASA Cover Up
UFO Hunter Suspected Alien Base on the Moon, Smells NASA Cover Up
While Waring claimed that NASA is purposefully withholding the evidence pointing to the existence of extraterrestrial life and UFOs, the space agency claims that his alleged lunar discovery could, in fact, be explained by a well-known phenomenon.
Dedicated UFO hunter Scott C. Waring has announced that he discovered what looks like an "alien structure" while studying an old NASA photo of the lunar surface.
As Waring explained in his blog "UFO Sightings Daily", the structure seems to be located near the edge of one of the craters dotting the moon’s landscape, adding that alleged building’s estimated size is "close to 1.5-3 miles across".
"The structure looks like an oval sphere with two thick arms coming out of it. It also appears to have a few antennas or thin structures coming out of its top center. The shininess indicates it is absolutely a metallic surface", he wrote.
He also accused NASA of purposefully withholding the evidence pointing to the existence of extraterrestrial life and UFOs and subjecting the public to what he described as "mental manipulation".
According to the Daily Express, however, the space agency rebuked the claims made by Waring, attributing his findings instead to pareidolia.
"Pareidolia is the psychological phenomenon where people see recognisable shapes in clouds, rock formations, or otherwise unrelated objects or data. There are many examples of this phenomenon on Earth and in space", the newspaper quoted NASA as saying.
Earlier this month, Waring also declared that he found "the infamous ET base at Zeeman crater" while studying Google maps of the moon surface.
The UFO hunter claimed that the alleged alien base’s image has been “deleted” by Google, which he insists is “100 percent proof that Google is working with the US government to hide the existence of alien life from the public”.
Bestaan van buitenaardse basis op de maan geheim gehouden door NASA? Bekijk de beelden
Bestaan van buitenaardse basis op de maan geheim gehouden door NASA? Bekijk de beelden
Een UFO-jager heeft aangekondigd dat hij een ‘buitenaardse structuur’ op een oude NASA-foto van de maan heeft ontdekt. Dat meldt het Russische persbureau Sputnik.
Scott C. Waring schrijft op zijn blog UFO Sightings Daily dat de structuur zich nabij de rand van een krater op het maanoppervlak bevindt.
Hij denkt dat het gaat om een bouwwerk dat 2,4 tot 5 kilometer lang is.
Antennes
“De structuur is bolvormig en er komen twee brede armen uit,” zei hij. “Er lijken ook enkele antennes bovenop te staan. Het oppervlak is metaalkleurig.”
Hij beschuldigde de NASA ervan bewijs voor buitenaards leven en UFO’s doelbewust achter te houden en het publiek te manipuleren.
Het ruimteagentschap heeft volgens de Britse Daily Express gezegd dat de structuur een voorbeeld is van pareidolie.
Verwijderd
“In het geval van pareidolie zien mensen herkenbare vormen in wolken, rotsformaties of andere objecten,” aldus de NASA. “Er zijn vele voorbeelden van dit fenomeen te vinden op aarde en in de ruimte.”
Waring stuitte op de vreemde structuur in de Zeeman-krater toen hij beelden van het maanoppervlak op Google Moon aan het bekijken was.
De UFO-jager claimt dat beelden van het ‘bouwwerk’ inmiddels zijn verwijderd, wat volgens hem ‘bewijst dat Google met de Amerikaanse overheid samenwerkt om het bestaan van buitenaards leven te verbergen’.
Scientists named them Homo floresiensis because their diminutive hominin remains were discovered in a cave on the eastern Indonesian island of Flores. We call them “hobbits” because they remind us of JRR Tolkien’s diminutive Middle-earth characters in The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings. What no one can call them is “explained,” as details on their short span in hominin history is still a mystery. However, some new clues have emerged from the cave they were found as researchers switched from studying the remains of the hobbits to those of rats. Rats?
“Our paper is the first that we know of to use the leg bones of rats in this way to interpret ecological change through time, and it provides new evidence for the local environment during the time of Homo floresiensis.”
Elizabeth Grace Veatch, a PhD candidate at Emory University and co-author of a new study published in the Journal of Human Evolution, explains in a university press release that it really wasn’t hard to decide on studying rats for a while since nearly all of the bones in the Liang Bua cave are from animals and 80% of those are from rats. After identifying 10,000 rat bones, the team classified them into five species, each with different sizes ranging from mouse to (ironically) housecat. Each species was then linked to the type of environment they preferred to live in. they found that the middle-sized Komodomys rintjanus preferred the open open grasslands Flores had 100,000 years ago, while mousy R. hainaldi and the P. armandvillei, better known as the Flores giant rat, preferred the forests of 60,000 years ago. That’s about the time Homo floresiensis, pygmy Stegodons (a cow-sized elephant relative), giant storks, giant vultures and Komodo dragons disappeared from the cave.
An artist’s depiction of Homo floresiensis
“The evidence suggests that Homo floresiensis may have preferred more open habitats where they may have been a part of this scavenging guild of Stegodons, storks, and vultures. We think that when the habitat changed, becoming more forested, Homo floresiensis probably left the Liang Bua area, tracking these animals to more open habitats elsewhere on the island.”
The Scavenging Guild would be a great name for a band, but it doesn’t explain what animals the hobbits and friends were scavenging. One obvious guess would be rats, and Veatch is now giving the rat bones a closer look in hopes of finding teeth marks or cut marks from stone tools. While the Stegadons or the 6-foot-tall giant storks would obviously feed more hobbits, the under-four-foot hominins might have better luck hunting smaller game. To test that theory, Veatch is on the island trying to catch wild Flores rats. Really!
“In Indonesia, my nickname is Miss Tikus, which means ‘Miss Rat’. I’m perfectly fine with that because rats are really intelligent and extraordinary animals. We see them through the entire sequence in the archeology of Liang Bua and we will continue to use them in future studies to learn more about what went on in the cave.”
Whatever killed the hobbits, Stegodons and storks didn’t kill the rats. Perhaps that is the mystery Miss Rat should be trying to solve.
Many ancient Egyptian statues have one common and disturbing trait – they’re missing their nose. And the noses didn’t just get destroyed because they’re so old or because of being buried for so long, it was a deliberate act done by grave robbers.
Edward Bleiberg, who is the Brooklyn Museum curator, said that the destruction of the statues’ noses was done to prevent angry spirits from getting revenge against those who were robbing the graves. So why would the robbers destroy the noses on the statues? The answer is actually quite interesting.
Ancient Egyptians believed that the sculptures were vessels for the people who have passed away and that part of their soul could live in the statue, so that’s why they were put in the graves. Tombs and temples were the locations where the sculptures had the most meaning. “All of them have to do with the economy of offerings to the supernatural,” Bleiberg explained. In tombs, they “feed” the deceased person with food and gifts from this world so that they can enjoy it in the next world. In temples, it is the portrayal of their God accepting offerings from kings or others who were able to get a statue.
Statue with its nose broken off
As for the grave robbers, they would destroy the nose on the statues so that they wouldn’t be able to “breathe” anymore. By doing that, they believed that the spirits that were inside of the sculptures couldn’t seek revenge against those who robbed them.
Several nose-less statues are scheduled to go on display from March 22 to August 11 at the Pulitzer Arts Foundation in St. Louise in an exhibit called Striking Power: Iconoclasm in Ancient Egypt. During the exhibit, Bleiberg will go into further detail on the aggressive behavior conducted by the grave robbers that was “targeted” and usually “driven by political and religious motivations.”
Statue with its nose broken off
The exhibit will also include the legacies of pharaohs Hatshepsut (who reigned from around 1478 to 1458 BC) and Akhenaten (1353 to 1336 BC). The exhibit will display damaged and undamaged pieces from the Hatshepsut and Akhenaten eras. In the description of the exhibit, it says that by doing this, it “will thus show how the deliberate destruction of objects, a practice that continues in our own day, derived at that time from the perception of images not only as a means of representation, but also as containers of powerful spiritual energy.”
Hatshepsut Wearing the khat Headdress, ca. 1479–58 B.C. Courtesy of The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
Akhenaten and His Daughter Offering to the Aten, ca. 1353–36 B.C.E. Courtesy of the Brooklyn Museum.
Since the grave robbers broke the noses off the statues in order to make sure that the spirits didn’t come after them, it’s apparent that they didn’t consider the other potential consequence of their actions – if spirits were in fact living in the sculptures, they would become even more furious that someone destroyed their vessel, causing a much angrier spirit to seek revenge.
Have you ever wondered how NASA chose to explore a certain asteroid in space? Well, they chose according to those closest, slowest and with the most alien tech on it.
These structure are on Asteroid Bennu and show buildings, towers, pyramids and even some abandoned ships. All of which look a bit beaten up since they have probably been abandoned on this asteroid for millions of years. Nevertheless they still exist and here are the close ups to prove it.
The asteroid is littered with rocks, however some of those black or silver objects are more interesting than NASA wants you to know.
You are probably wondering is Scott reporting everything in this gif that he has found? No, not at all. I am reporting only what I found in one of 31 photos within that gif. Can you imagine the secrets in the other 30 photos? I'll include the gif at the bottom of this post...slowed down to better see it.
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Planet Nibiru Seen Near Earths Sun, 15X The Size Of Earth, March 19, 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Planet Nibiru Seen Near Earths Sun, 15X The Size Of Earth, March 19, 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of discovery: March 17, 2019
Location of discovery: Earths sun
Source: SOHO/NASA images
A giant alien ship visited our sun today. The ship is close to ten to 15 times the size of earth, so you can bet that the US government and NASA knows about it already, but there is no way in hell they would ever alert the public. They want to keep the fear level down so they can control the publics behavior easier.
I believe that this giant space craft is the legendary planet X, also known by the ancients as Nibiru. Its a planet size space craft that orbits our solar system making an appearance only when it wants and where it wants. Legend has it that it flies in an orbit that passes Earth every 15,000 to 20,000 years. During that time they are suppose to gather data about the evolution of humans and all creatures on Earth, analysts the data and....make minor changes in DNA of creatures, even going so far as to cause extinction on a global scale...yes I mean the dinosaurs.
So the real question is why are they near our sun unless the sun is truly hollow as I have stated before. I am surprised that solar observatories around the globe have not announced anything about this, but mind you, 99% of those observatories receive money from NASA to do their research and therefore must go through NASA before releasing any findings found.
Scott C. Waring
The above and below photos show the UFO enlarged and added color to make it easier to see. It is not perfectly round at all and has zero resemblance to an actual planet. I would call this 100% an alien craft.
Ariel Ekblaw, the founder of MIT Media Lab's Space Exploration Initiative, welcomes the audience to the conference Beyond the Cradle 2019 on March 14 in Cambridge, Mass.
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. — The technological utopias of science fiction may still be centuries away, but building the culture of that future starts now, a trio of sci-fi creators said.
On a panel at the Beyond the Cradle conference on March 14, from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Media Lab, science fiction creators Ytasha Womack, Daniel Suarez and Marc Okrand shared their ideas on sci-fi futures.
The trio discussed their perspectives on science, fiction and culture, arguing that this intersection not only creates an important opportunity to expand the scope of our own perspectives but also provides agency for those often left out of the conversation about space exploration.
"I think a lot of the science that we work towards is sometimes inspired by what we see in science fiction," said Womack, producer, director and author of works exploring Afrofuturism. "One of the exciting possibilities around sci-fi is that it can really continue to help push this notion of what we can create, especially as it comes to creating possible utopian societies."
Or dystopias, which popular science fiction and young adult novels tend to focus on. Womack said that while readers have an interest in dystopian stories of the future, many peoples and communities today are already living in their own forms of dystopias. By imagining societies of the future, we can explore how to improve human relations today, and in some cases even shine a harsh light on the ways our society has failed to live up to the standards we write about, Womack added.
One such disconnect is the way first contact with aliens is typically treated in fiction compared to how "aliens" on Earth are thought of and treated. While used in fiction to refer to extraterrestrials, Womack said that the initial meaning of the word "alien" simply referred to people on Earth who were different. "Even how we use it today around illegal aliens, or undocumented workers, I think it refers to a certain mentality around differences," said Womack.
Science fiction often imagines the enlightened, positive meeting of humans and an alien species, and the panelists said this approach to meeting beings different from ourselves should be brought to our everyday experiences. This will help us search for commonalities among humans instead of differences, and imagining ourselves as intergalactic beings unified by a sense of responsibility to something greater than ourselves can be an empowering experience for people, Womack said.
This acceptance of differences is important not only at the interpersonal level, but also at the level of linguistics, said Marc Okrand, a linguist known for creating "Star Trek's" Klingon language.
"Someone asked me, 'Of all the things invented for "Star Trek," what would you like to have be the most real one?'" said Okrand. "I think everyone expected me to say universal translator. But it's not [what I'd choose], because if everyone is only ever hearing in the same language all the time and not having to do a translation on their own, they're not getting the [other] perspectives."
While framed around the discussion of fiction at this panel, these ideas of including other perspectives resonated throughout the Beyond the Cradle conference. Ariel Ekblaw, the coordinator of the conference and founder of the Media Lab's Space Exploration Initiative, said the focus of the day was to explore ways to democratize space and make it accessible not only to people all around the world, but also across many disciplines, including technology, art and design.
"The idea is to show that gradient [of expertise], but not siloed" Ekblaw told Space.com, "to show [everyone] all here together, talking together and co-designing the future of space."
Suarez addresses a growing urgency for grappling with this future in his sci-fi novels. He does so by exploring the impact of impending rapid technological change, such as the development of asteroid mining.
"In many ways, we're living in a sci-fi future already," Suarez said at the panel. "So, I try to bring my readers through the issues and challenges we're going to be facing."
Suarez's approach combines technology and culture to imagine a future where humanity can believe in a common goal, like creating industry opportunities in space, and finally imagine themselves as a single human race.
Imagining being a part of an intergalactic community via fiction can be particularly poignant for communities like the African diaspora, Womack said, because it can help people feel like they have a stake in these stories and their futures.
"I know a lot of people have been encouraged not to use their imagination," Womack said, "[but] imagination can be a tool of resilience to help people push beyond their circumstances so that they can even envision a future. And envisioning a future then inspires them to feel like they have agency in that future and take steps to create the kind of world that values humanity."
You can now also add herpes to the list of many perils and challenges to human health that outer space poses. According to a new study, spaceflight weakens the immune system enough to reactivate dormant viruses such as the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and herpes-simplex-1 (HSV-1).
Credit: Public Domain.
Researchers at the Johnson Space Center found that spaceflight increases the secretion of stress hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which are known to suppress the immune system. This way, viruses inside our bodies that are in a latent state (meaning they do not replicate) become reactivated because immune cells are no longer able to suppress or eliminate them.
“NASA astronauts endure weeks or even months exposed to microgravity and cosmic radiation—not to mention the extreme G forces of take-off and re-entry,” says senior author Dr. Satish K. Mehta of Johnson Space Center. “This physical challenge is compounded by more familiar stressors like social separation, confinement and an altered sleep-wake cycle.”
Mehta and colleagues analyzed saliva, blood, and urine samples collected from astronauts before, both during and after spaceflight. Most people get oral herpes — or herpes simplex virus type 1 — by the age of 20. Following the first infection, usually after one or two weeks, the virus will become dormant in facial nerve tissues. The researchers found that about half of all astronauts aboard Space Shuttle and International Space Station had four of eight know herpes viruses in an activate state, although only six astronauts (a small proportion) developed symptoms. Other reactivated viruses include CMV and EBV, which are associated with different strains of mononucleosis or the “kissing disease”.
“To date, 47 out of 89 (53%) astronauts on short space shuttle flights, and 14 out of 23 (61%) on longer ISS missions shed herpes viruses in their saliva or urine samples,” reports Mehta.“These frequencies—as well as the quantity—of viral shedding are markedly higher than in samples from before or after flight, or from matched healthy controls.”
The researchers found that virus shedding was active in astronauts for up to 60 days after returning to Earth. Although only a few astronauts developed symptoms, continued virus shedding could endanger immunocompromised or uninfected contacts on Earth, like newborns.
This is just one of the many adverse effects caused by spaceflight. Previously, researchers found that prolonged exposure to a microgravity environment can result in tissue damage to the gastrointestinal tract, eyes, and brain. Mehta and colleagues suggest that targetted vaccine protocols for astronauts might offset some of the risks associated with virus reactivation.
“Trials of other herpes virus vaccines show little promise, so our present focus is on developing targeted treatment regimens for individuals suffering the consequences of viral reactivation,” Mehta said.
“This research has tremendous clinical relevance for patients on Earth too. Already, our spaceflight-developed technologies for rapid viral detection in saliva have been employed in clinics and hospitals around the world."
WETENSCHAP Bij meer dan de helft van de astronauten die met de Space Shuttle reizen en op het Internationaal Ruimtestation ISS verblijven, steken slapende herpesvirussen opnieuw de kop op. Dat blijkt uit nieuw onderzoek van NASA. Het fenomeen kan volgens het ruimteagentschap een probleem vormen voor langdurige ruimtemissies.
“NASA-astronauten worden gedurende weken of zelfs maanden blootgesteld aan microzwaartekracht en kosmische straling, en dan zwijgen we nog van de extreme G-krachten bij het opstijgen en de terugkeer naar de aarde”, zegt dr. Satish Mehta, hoofdauteur van de studie en medewerker van het Johnson Space Center. “De fysieke uitdaging wordt verstrekt door andere stressfactoren zoals sociale scheiding, opsluiting en een gewijzigde slaapcyclus.”
In de studie, die werd gepubliceerd in het tijdschrift Frontiers in Microbiology, drukken de onderzoekers hun bezorgdheid uit over de reactivering van het virus. Het gaat dus niet over een nieuw virus dat zich in de ruimte ontwikkelt.
Immuunsysteem onderdrukt
NASA volgt de fysiologische impact van ruimtevaart bij de astronauten op via hun speeksel, bloed en urine. “Tijdens de ruimtevlucht is er een toename van de afscheiding van stresshormonen zoals cortisol en adrenaline, waarvan geweten is dat ze het immuunsysteem onderdrukken”, stelt de studie. “In overeenstemming hiermee ondervinden we dat de immuuncellen van astronauten – vooral diegene die normaal gezien virussen onderdrukken en elimineren – minder efficiënt worden tijdens ruimtevluchten en soms tot 60 dagen daarna.”
Wanneer het immuunsysteem onderdrukt wordt, is het voor het lichaam van een astronaut moeilijker om slapende virussen onder controle te houden, waardoor die weer de kop opsteken.
53 procent
“Tot op heden scheidden 47 van de 89 astronauten (53 procent) op korte ruimtevluchten, en 14 van 23 (61 procent) van diegenen op langere ISS-missies, herpesvirussen af in hun speeksel- of urinestalen”, aldus dr. Mehta. Dat is opvallend meer dan in stalen die voor of na de vlucht werden afgenomen.
Hoe langer de ruimtereis duurt, des te vaker staken de virussen dus weer de kop op. Slechts zes astronauten ontwikkelden ook echt symptomen als gevolg van de virale reactivering. Volgens Mehta ging het bij elk van hen om slechts lichte symptomen.
Gevaar voor lange ruimtereizen
Er zijn acht gekende herpesvirussen, waaronder de stam voor de waterpokken en gordelroos. Eens er een besmetting heeft plaatsgevonden, blijven de virussen aanwezig in de zenuwcellen van de drager voor de rest van zijn leven. Het immuunsysteem kan de virussen meestal onderdrukken, maar als het immuunsysteem zelf onder druk komt te staan, bijvoorbeeld tijdens ruimtereizen, dan kan dit grote risico’s met zich meebrengen voor astronauten die naar Mars of zelfs verder willen reizen.
De ontwikkeling van tegenmaatregelen tegen virale reactivering is essentieel voor het succes van langdurige ruimtemissies, betoogt Mehta. “De ideale tegenmaatregel voor astronauten is vaccinatie, maar dat is tot nu toe alleen beschikbaar voor waterpokken en gordelroos.”
“Testen met andere herpesvirusvaccins zijn weinig beloftevol, dus onze huidige focus ligt op de ontwikkeling van gerichte behandelingsschema’s voor personen die lijden aan de gevolgen van virale reactivering”, stelt de arts.
Don Davis/NASADe inslag van een asteroïde op aarde zou fataal kunnen zijn voor ons allemaal.
WETENSCHAPOnze planeet kreeg sinds de Cambrische explosie - de ‘Oerknal van het leven’ zo’n 500 miljoen jaar geleden - een vijftal gigantische externe wereldrampen te verwerken waarbij telkens meer dan 60 procent van levende soorten op aarde weggevaagd werd. Maar ook een complete uitroeiing van de mensheid kan niet worden uitgesloten. Het bekende zakentijdschrift Forbes lijst vandaag vijf buitenaardse mogelijke scenario’s op die daartoe in staat zouden zijn.
We moeten er onze slaap niet meteen voor laten, maar wetenschappelijk gezien kunnen bepaalde gebeurtenissen die zich buiten onze planeet afspelen ons helemaal uitroeien. Het hangt meestal van erg groot toeval af, maar er is wel één zekerheid: na ongeveer 2 miljard jaar zal de zon onze oceanen volledig opbranden en is het onherroepelijk gedaan met ons. Maar dat ligt nog héél erg ver weg. Tegen dan kunnen ons ook potentieel de volgende scenario’s overkomen:
REUTERS65 miljoen jaar geleden werden de dino’s uitgeroeid door een meteorieteninslag.
1. Asteroïde- of komeetinslag
Simpel gesteld: als een enorme massa uit de ruimte aan hoge snelheid op de aarde zou crashen, dan zou dat kunnen leiden tot massa-extinctie. Dat soort incidenten is uiterst zeldzaam. We kunnen nog makkelijk miljarden jaren verder zonder zo’n fatale inslag. De laatste keer is intussen alweer 65 miljoen jaar geleden, toen de dinosaurussen uitgeroeid werden. Een reële dreiging is de komeet Swift-Tuttle, waaraan we de Perseïden-meteorenzwerm te danken hebben. De komeet zou in het jaar 4479 kunnen inslaan op de aarde, al blijft die kans klein.
EPAGammaflitsen kunnen het einde betekenen.
2. Gammaflitsen
Een heftige uitbarsting van hoogenergetische gammastraling - met een energie-uistoot die honderden keren groter is dan de straling van een supernova-uitbarsting - zou de ozonlaag kunnen vernietigen, wat de ondergang van de mensheid zou betekenen. Dat kan alleen als een van de stralen naar de aarde is gericht en voldoende dichtbij is, te weten binnen ongeveer 6.000 lichtjaar. Die kans is amper één keer in één miljoen jaar. De uitbarsting kan erg kort zijn maar ook minutenlang duren.
EPA
3. Zomaar een clash
De Melkweg zit vol sterren, planeten, sterrenresten en zwarte gaten. Als daarvan iets door ons innerlijke zonnestelsel gaat, dan zou dat door de zwaartekracht onze planeet kunnen verstoten en ons allemaal vernietigen. Dat kan alleen gebeuren als de ster even dicht bij de aarde komt als de zon, en die kans is minder dan 1 op 1 miljard. Als het toch zou voorvallen, dan zou de aarde in korte tijd bevriezen en zou het menselijke leven er uitsterven.
PhotonewsAls de aarde terechtkomt in de krabnevel, dan kan dat dodelijk zijn voor de mensheid.
4. Supernova
Supernova’s hebben onze planeet al vaker belaagd, tot nu toe zonder noemenswaardige schade. Een supernova van het meest voorkomende type II op minder dan 25 lichtjaar van de aarde zou een bedreiging voor onze ozonlaag kunnen vormen, maar dat is een hoogst uitzonderlijk fenomeen. Het komt naar schatting minder dan één keer in een paar miljard jaren voor.
EPAAls niets anders ons heeft uitgeroeid, dan zal de zon dat zéker doen. Maar wel pas over 2 miljard jaar ongeveer.
5. Onze zon
De zon zal ons uiteindelijk verbranden, dat is onvermijdelijk. Vandaag kookt het water van de zee enkel als er lava vrijkomt bij een vulkaanuitbarsting of als er iets anders superheets in de oceaan terechtkomt. Maar dat verandert ooit. De zon is sinds haar ontstaan toegenomen qua omvang, helderheid en temperatuur, en die kenmerken zullen ook in de toekomst blijven evolueren. Binnen de twee miljard jaar zal de energie van de zon zo fel zijn dat het de oceanen zal doen koken en zo een einde zal maken aan het leven op aarde.
When playing a game of “What’s the weirdest thing you can imagine happening” (don’t tell me I and my friends are the only ones who play this), it pays to google your crazy idea first because 9 times out of 10, it already happened in Siberia or somewhere else in Russia (this isn’t cheating, according to the official rule book). Black snow? Check. Green snow? Check. Black living snow? No need to google it … we already did and it’s true. Plausible explanation? Safe for humans? Something sinister behind their appearance? Let the game continue!
This story comes from the village of Balasheika (or Balasheyka) in the Samara region, a heavily-populated urban area in the southeastern part of Russia at the convergence of the Volga and Samara rivers near the border with Kazakhstan (in case you want to go and see this for yourself). According to Pravda.Ru, residents of Balasheika awoke on the morning of March 12 to that everything outside looked to be covered with a black snowfall. Fearing it was caused by coal pollution like the black snowfall in multiple places this winter across Russia (some being so embarrassing that local officials painted it white – only in Russia!) and worried their children would run out and taste it, parents went out to inspect it and were confronted with a nightmarish scene far worse … the black snow appeared to be alive and moving! (Watch the video here.)
Upon closer inspection, they saw that the movement was caused by a blanket of insects they assumed had fallen from the sky in the previous night’s snowfall. While waiting for an official answer (or for someone to google it), they assumed the tiny bugs were blown in from Kazakhstan (it’s always Kazakhstan) during recent heavy “cyclonic” winds. Before you use this in your next game of “What’s the weirdest thing?”, that’s the wrong answer.
“These creatures are known as Collembola springtail insects, and they do not fall down from the sky. They crawl from under the ground to the surface, and they will return there as soon as it gets warmer.”
Actually, they’re more commonly called “snow fleas,” which is a misnomer since they’re neither fleas nor snow nor even insects. Collembola are hexapods that are not considered to be insects because they have internal mouthparts. They’re omnivorous, free-living organisms that prefer moist conditions and are named Collembola for their collophore (a straw-like body tube used for excretion and maintaining water balance) and their abdominal, spring-like furcula that is used for jumping when threatened. They generally live in decaying matter and one of the world’s most abundant tiny creatures, with about 100,000 per square meter of ground. Even in those numbers, their minute size, while visible to the naked eye, still makes them hard to see … except for the snow fleas, which sometimes emerge from winter hibernation when the temperature is warm enough to trick them into thinking it’s spring but not enough to melt the snow, giving the contrast that makes them easy to spot.
“These insects are absolutely safe for humans, domestic animals and grain crops. They may emerge on the ground surface too early, when it gets unusually warm for a few days.”
Pravda.Ru knows what its readers are thinking. Being wrongly called “fleas” makes Collembola springtails subject to the same fears of fleas, which truly deserve to be feared and avoided by warm-blooded creature. However, Collembola springtails are truly harmless and in fact are beneficial as lab test subjects for the early detection of soil pollution.
Conspiracy theorists may also know of Collembola springtails for their alleged use as biological weapons during the Korean War. They were rumored to have been infected by the U.S. military with anthrax, dysentery, cholera and small pox and dropped by airplanes on enemy villages. The rumors surfaced again in 1971-72 when the Nixon administration ordered all biological weapons stored at the Pine Bluff Arsenal in Arkansas to be destroyed. The government denied snow fleas were ever used as six-legged biological weapons carriers.
Were they? Are they? Should the good folks of Balasheika be fearful of the sudden appearance of huge numbers of snow fleas? Should they question their government? Our? Anybody’s?
It is not the first time huge cigar-shaped UFOs have been spotted on google sky or by telescope.
The following object has been found by TruthSeeker on Google Sky which resembles a huge cigar-shaped craft.
The cigar-shaped craft is very similar to infamous Quamuamua and even it is the equivalent of our battleships or submarines.
Besides,you can see the sort of bridge on top of this craft and a large square hangar or docking facility for smaller incoming and outgoing UFOs on the craft’s side.
This discovery confirms once again that such interstellar alien spaceships do exist.
The craft is 1,400 meters width and 120 meters high and can be found on the following Google sky coordinates: 2 41 32.38 7 53 16.51
Toyota's proposed lunar rover will be self-driving and use zero-emission electric fuel cell technology.
JAPAN AEROSPACE EXPLORATION AGENCY & TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
Japan is planning a moon landing for 2029 and wants its astronauts to explore the lunar surface in a vehicle built by Japanese automaker Toyota.
The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and Toyota announced Tuesday that it will collaborate on international space exploration, specifically on developing a manned, pressurized rover that uses Toyota's fuel cell vehicle (FCV) technologies.
Toyota's concept for a lunar rover will travel 10,000km.
JAPAN AEROSPACE EXPLORATION AGENCY & TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
“Manned, pressurized rovers will be an important element supporting human lunar exploration, which we envision will take place in the 2030s, " said Koichi Wakata, JAXA Vice President. "We aim at launching such a rover into space in 2029."
JAXA, which earlier this month landed its Hayabusa2 probe on the asteroid Ryugu, is hoping the collaboration with Toyota will "give rise to intellectual properties" needed for international space exploration.
The lunar rover will also have solar panels, which will be useful in lunar daylight, which lasts for two weeks in each month.
JAPAN AEROSPACE EXPLORATION AGENCY & TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
An FCV is a type of electric vehicle that, instead of using a battery, uses a fuel cell of oxygen and compressed hydrogen, which react with each other to generate electricity. The zero-emissions technology is already used on Toyota's Mirai vehicle. “Fuel cells, which use clean power-generation methods, emit only water, and, because of their high energy density, they can provide a lot of energy, making them especially ideal for the project being discussed with JAXA," said Shigeki Terashi, Executive Vice President at Toyota. He also mentioned that Toyota's automated driving technologies were part of the project.
Although the amount of fuel that could be taken to the moon would be limited, said JAXA and Toyota, the pressurized rover would have a total lunar-surface cruising range of more than 10,000 km.
However, Toyota’s ‘space mobility’ concept for the pressurized rover being studied by JAXA and Toyota is pretty small. It envisions a 6 meter by 5.3-meter vehicle standing 3.8 meters tall. That's enough room for two people, say JAXA and Toyota, or four in an emergency. Toyota and JAXA also revealed that they have been jointly studying the concept of a manned, pressurized rover since May 2018.
The moon presents some special challenges for any vehicle. Gravity is one-sixth of Earth's, and the lunar surface is pocked by craters, cliffs, and hills. "It is exposed to radiation and temperature conditions that are much harsher than those on Earth, as well as an ultra-high vacuum environment," said Wakata. "For a wide-ranging human exploration of the moon, a pressurized rover that can travel more than 10,000 km in such environments is a necessity." Wakata also stressed the need for a 'Team Japan' approach to space exploration.
ispace's HAKUTO-R mission will launch on a SpaceX rocket in 2020 to orbit the moon and be followed by a mission to land on the surface in 2021.
HAKUTO/ISPACE
That's a message that appears to be finding favor. Japan Airlines-backed startup ispace last month announced that its HAKUTO-R mission will orbit the moon in 2020 ahead of a mission to land on the surface in 2021. An finalist in the ill-fated Google Lunar XPRIZE, ispace plans to map, and eventually recover, water ice on the moon and learn how to use it as a resource. If it can separate lunar water into hydrogen and oxygen, it could provide fuel for Toyota's moon buggy, as well as for a self-sufficient moonbase, and even rockets.
Aside from Japan Airlines, HAKUTO-R's corporate partners include Japanese national daily newspaper Asahi Shimbun and Japan NGK Spark Plug, which wants to test solid-state battery technology on the moon in 2021. Another is Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance, which last month announced a new lunar insurance service. “The availability of lunar exploration insurance will encourage new players to participate in the lunar industry by reducing the risk of entry,” said ispace founder Takeshi Hakamada last month. “With the ability to insure our landers and rovers, ispace and its customers will be able to concentrate on realizing our vision without hesitation."
One of the most cherished science fiction scenarios is using a black hole as a portal to another dimension or time or universe.
That fantasy may be closer to reality than previously imagined.
Black holes are perhaps the most mysterious objects in the universe.
A University of Massachusetts study found that black holes that are large and rotating enough could allow 'gentle' hyperspace travel.
HOW WOULD INTERSTELLAR TRAVEL WORK?
Black holes are the consequence of gravity crushing a dying star without limit, leading to the formation of a true singularity – which happens when an entire star gets compressed down to a single point yielding an object with infinite density.
This dense and hot singularity punches a hole in the fabric of spacetime itself, possibly opening up an opportunity for hyperspace travel.
That is, a short cut through spacetime allowing for travel over cosmic scale distances in a short period.
They are the consequence of gravity crushing a dying star without limit, leading to the formation of a true singularity – which happens when an entire star gets compressed down to a single point yielding an object with infinite density.
This dense and hot singularity punches a hole in the fabric of spacetime itself, possibly opening up an opportunity for hyperspace travel.
That is, a short cut through spacetime allowing for travel over cosmic scale distances in a short period.
Researchers previously thought that any spacecraft attempting to use a black hole as a portal of this type would have to reckon with nature at its worst.
The hot and dense singularity would cause the spacecraft to endure a sequence of increasingly uncomfortable tidal stretching and squeezing before being completely vaporized.
My team at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth and a colleague at Georgia Gwinnett College have shown that all black holes are not created equal.
If the black hole like Sagittarius A*, located at the center of our own galaxy, is large and rotating, then the outlook for a spacecraft changes dramatically.
That's because the singularity that a spacecraft would have to contend with is very gentle and could allow for a very peaceful passage.
'Interstellar' was based on a book written by Nobel Prize-winning astrophysicist Kip Thorne and Gargantua's physical properties are central to the plot of this Hollywood movie.
The reason that this is possible is that the relevant singularity inside a rotating black hole is technically 'weak,' and thus does not damage objects that interact with it.
At first, this fact may seem counter intuitive.
But one can think of it as analogous to the common experience of quickly passing one's finger through a candle's near 2,000-degree flame, without getting burned.
My colleague Lior Burko and I have been investigating the physics of black holes for over two decades.
This graph depicts the physical strain on the spacecraft’s steel frame as it plummets into a rotating black hole. The inset shows a detailed zoom-in for very late times. The important thing to note is that the strain increases dramatically close to the black hole, but does not grow indefinitely. Therefore, the spacecraft and its inhabitants may survive the journey.
In 2016, my Ph.D. student, Caroline Mallary, inspired by Christopher Nolan's blockbuster film 'Interstellar,' set out to test if Cooper (Matthew McConaughey's character), could survive his fall deep into Gargantua – a fictional, supermassive, rapidly rotating black hole some 100 million times the mass of our sun.
'Interstellar' was based on a book written by Nobel Prize-winning astrophysicist Kip Thorne and Gargantua's physical properties are central to the plot of this Hollywood movie.
Building on work done by physicist Amos Ori two decades prior, and armed with her strong computational skills, Mallary built a computer model that would capture most of the essential physical effects on a spacecraft, or any large object, falling into a large, rotating black hole like Sagittarius A*.
What she discovered is that under all conditions an object falling into a rotating black hole would not experience infinitely large effects upon passage through the hole's so-called inner horizon singularity.
This is the singularity that an object entering a rotating black hole cannot maneuver around or avoid.
Singularity of massive black hole or wormhole. Researchers previously thought that any spacecraft attempting to use a black hole as a portal of this type would have to reckon with nature at its worst.
Not only that, under the right circumstances, these effects may be negligibly small, allowing for a rather comfortable passage through the singularity.
In fact, there may no noticeable effects on the falling object at all. This increases the feasibility of using large, rotating black holes as portals for hyperspace travel.
Mallary also discovered a feature that was not fully appreciated before: the fact that the effects of the singularity in the context of a rotating black hole would result in rapidly increasing cycles of stretching and squeezing on the spacecraft.
But for very large black holes like Gargantua, the strength of this effect would be very small. So, the spacecraft and any individuals on board would not detect it.
The crucial point is that these effects do not increase without bound; in fact, they stay finite, even though the stresses on the spacecraft tend to grow indefinitely as it approaches the black hole.
WHAT ARE BLACK HOLES?
Black holes are so dense and their gravitational pull is so strong that no form of radiation can escape them - not even light.
They act as intense sources of gravity which hoover up dust and gas around them.
Their intense gravitational pull is thought to be what stars in galaxies orbit around.
How they are formed is still poorly understood.
Supermassive black holes are incredibly dense areas in the centre of galaxies with masses that can be billions of times that of the sun. They cause dips in space-time (artist's impression) and even light cannot escape their gravitational pull
Astronomers believe they may form when a large cloud of gas up to 100,000 times bigger than the sun, collapses into a black hole.
Many of these black hole seeds then merge to form much larger supermassive black holes, which are found at the centre of every known massive galaxy.
Alternatively, a supermassive black hole seed could come from a giant star, about 100 times the sun's mass, that ultimately forms into a black hole after it runs out of fuel and collapses.
When these giant stars die, they also go 'supernova', a huge explosion that expels the matter from the outer layers of the star into deep space.
There are a few important simplifying assumptions and resulting caveats in the context of Mallary's model.
The main assumption is that the black hole under consideration is completely isolated and thus not subject to constant disturbances by a source such as another star in its vicinity or even any falling radiation.
While this assumption allows important simplifications, it is worth noting that most black holes are surrounded by cosmic material – dust, gas, radiation.
Therefore, a natural extension of Mallary's work would be to perform a similar study in the context of a more realistic astrophysical black hole.
Mallary's approach of using a computer simulation to examine the effects of a black hole on an object is very common in the field of black hole physics.
Needless to say, we do not have the capability of performing real experiments in or near black holes yet, so scientists resort to theory and simulations to develop an understanding, by making predictions and new discoveries.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
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