The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
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Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
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UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
02-05-2019
They Hid Something in the Mars Rover That No One Knows About
They Hid Something in the Mars Rover That No One Knows About
There is more to the story of Mars than they will ever admit. When NASA received the first pictures of Mars they immediately started tweaking them, even changing the color of the sky from blue to red.
They have been trying to convince us for 40 years that there is no life or even signs of past life but the evidence suggests otherwise.
One of the most interesting stories here regards a technicians who downloaded the Mars rover data, he found images that were not on the original hard drive, are they storing data on a different one and not sharing the data?
WW3: Russian Navy 'Spy Whale' Freed - Weapons of Russia
WW3: Russian Navy 'Spy Whale' Freed - Weapons of Russia
This “spy” beluga whale was found off the coast of Norway with a GoPro harness. Scientists believe escaped from the Russian navy.
We talked to the Norwegian marine biologist who freed a beluga whale from a harness that said “Equipment of St. Petersburg.”
A beluga wearing a bizarre harness appeared in Norwegian waters last week, sparking questions about Russia’s history of training whales for the military.
A strange mariner’s tale is unfolding in a remote Norwegian fishing village. Far above the Arctic Circle, near the small island of Ingøya, a white whale wearing a sort of harness was spotted last Thursday. Vice
2nd video WW3: Russian new weapon missile 27 times faster than speed of sound will beat all air defenses – Russia’s new strategic weapon has rendered any missile defenses useless at a small fraction of their cost, officials said Thursday.
They’re named for a cave in the Altai Mountains in Siberia where the remains of five members of an extinct species humans were found in 2010 among the bones of modern humans and Neanderthals. Studies of modern human genomes show there was interbreeding between these species, but there has been no evidence of Densiovans in South Africa, Nigeria, France, Papua New Guinea and China where Denisovan DNA has been found in modern humans. That may change with the discovery of a Denisovan jawbone in a cave in Tibet. How did this Denisovan get to Tibet over 160,000 years ago … and how did the species survive at 10,000 feet (3,280 meters) above sea level with little or no resources, heat or oxygen?
“The Xiahe specimen provides direct evidence of the Denisovans outside the Altai Mountains and its analysis unique insights into Denisovan mandibular and dental morphology. Our results indicate that archaic hominins occupied the Tibetan Plateau in the Middle Pleistocene epoch and successfully adapted to high-altitude hypoxic environments long before the regional arrival of modern Homo sapiens.”
In a new study published in the journal Nature, an international team of researchers explain how the bone was found in 1980 by a Buddhist monk who entered the Baishya Karst Cave near Xiahe, Tibet, to pray. Instead, he found a jawbone that was eventually turned over to anthropologists who put in in their overflowing bones in-box until 2010 when Dongju Zhang, an archaeologist at Lanzhou University in China, picked it up. She eventually traced it to the cave, where she found tools and signs of humans.
Denisova Cave in Siberia
Dongju Zhang circulated photos and information about her discovery and eventually formed a team to study it. the jawbone had rock embedded in it containing uranium, which allowed them to date it to 160,000 years ago. While there was no DNA, there were ancient proteins in the teeth which were a match to the Denisovans of Siberia. How did this Denisovan, who was estimated by the size of the jawbone to be a very large adult, survive in the harsh conditions and thin air of Tibet?
It turns out they survived the same way modern Tibetans do – they had a variant of a gene called EPAS1 that reduces the amount of the oxygen-carrying but blood-thickening protein hemoglobin in their blood, enabling them to live at high altitudes with low oxygen levels. Denisova Cave in Siberia is at a much lower altitude (700 meters), so it appears the Tibetan Denisovans evolved the gene and then passed it down to modern humans … which means there was definitely some interbreeding going down on the higher up.
When and how did all of this happen? That’s just one of the many puzzles about the mysterious Denisovans that remain to be solved. The researchers suggest that the answers may not be in another cave but in a dusty box in a storage room where old bones are kept until someone has the time and budget to examine them. They’re scanning databases to search for possible candidates that can be compared to the Denisovan fossils … and may possibly have the missing link of ancient DNA.
All three genomes – Denisovan, Neanderthal and ancient human – are found in modern humans, which means we’re the end result of a prehistoric ménage à trois or two. Will we ever find out which one made the first move?
The team was able to identify this partial mandible as Denisovan by analyzing its degraded proteins.
Has the Apollo 10 lunar module finally been found? Astronomers believe they have located NASA's probe left in orbit 50 years ago - and now they want to bring it back to Earth
Has the Apollo 10 lunar module finally been found? Astronomers believe they have located NASA's probe left in orbit 50 years ago - and now they want to bring it back to Earth
In 1969, the Apollo 10 crew ejected the lunar module, named Snoopy, from the command module into orbit, never to be seen again – or so they thought
Astronomer Nick Howes, along with flight controllers, space dynamics experts and astronauts from the Apollo program, have spent years looking for it
The team believe they may have found the four-meter wide vehicle
Now all they need is someone with the expertise to go and retrieve it
The Apollo 10 mission was a dress rehearsal for the Apollo 11 moon landing, which took place two months later in July 1969
A team of British astronomers believe they may have located the lunar module from NASA's Apollo 10 mission - fifty years after the crew released the probe into a perpetual orbit around the Sun.
The lunar module is one of the greatest surviving relics of the moon landings and scientists want to devise a way to retrieve it as it orbits some 50,000ft above the lunar surface.
At the time of the mission in 1969, Tom Stafford, a member of the Apollo 10 crew radioed back to Houston from his own orbit around Moon that the crew had completely lost sight of the probe after they jettisoned it from their command module.
In 1969, the Apollo 10 crew jettisoned the lunar module 'Snoopy' from the Apollo command module into an orbit never to be seen again – or so they thought. The command module is pictured here on the far side of the moon
The Apollo 11 Lunar Module is pictured gathering data on the moon's surface. It's sister from the Apollo 10 mission is still circling the moon and scientists believe it could be brought back
Apollo 11 Lunar Module in landing configuration, as viewed from Command & Service Module. The similar module from Apollo 10 is still somewhere out there but may have been spotted
American astronauts and crew of the Apollo 10 mission, from left, Lunar Module pilot Eugene Cernan (1934-2017), Command Module pilot John Young and Commander Thomas P Stafford pose together in front of a Command Module during training in November 1968
The view of earth taken from the Apollo 10 space ship showing the peninsula of Baja, California, seen through swirling clouds
Astronomer Nick Howes, pictured, along with flight controllers, space dynamics experts and astronauts from the Apollo program have spent years looking for the lunar module and believe they may have found it
'We don't have any idea where he went. He just went boom and it disappeared right into the Sun,' Stafford said.
The lunar module, nicknamed Snoopy, was thought to be lost forever, though the search intrigued many back on Earth who felt that one day they might be able to find this tiny needle in a cosmic haystack.
At just four meters wide, it was always going to be a long shot but Nick Howes, a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, along with legendary flight controllers, space dynamics experts and astronauts from the Apollo program, have spent a number of years in a calculated hunt for the probe.
The team now believe that they may have found it and according to The Times all they need is someone with the expertise to go and retrieve it.
The Apollo 10 mission was launched in May 1969 as a dress rehearsal for the Apollo 11 moon landing. Stafford and Cernan descended in the Lunar Module (pictured) to within 9 miles of the surface of the Moon
Left to right; Eugene Cernan, John Young and Thomas Stafford standing in spacesuits in front of the Saturn V rocket carried the Apollo 10 spacecraft. The Apollo 10 Lunar Module was code-named Snoopy and the Command Module, Charlie Brown
Space expert Ed Buckbee, left, and Apollo 10 astronauts Tom Stafford and Euene Cernan are pictured in 2010. The crew lost sight of the lunar module after they jettisoned it into space
Howes believes someone with 'expertise' like Elon Musk, pictured, the founder of SpaceX might somehow be able to bring the lunar module back to Earth
All the other craft that were used during the Apollo missions were either fired into the Moon for seismology experiments or jettisoned to burn up in the Earth's atmosphere.
Snoopy, however, was used as practice run for the Apollo 11 lunar landing, which would take place two months after Apollo 10 in July 1969.
Two of the three astronauts transferred into it as it drifted nine miles above the Moon's surface. The pair then moved back into the command module. The mission was deemed a success.
Snoopy was fired off and left to drift in orbit around the sun forever with no realistic way to track it.
Then, eight years ago, Howes began a project to try and locate the last surviving module and managed to get astronomers from around the world to focus their telescopes on regions of the moon where he calculated it may pass though.
The inside of Apollo 10. The craft, which had the call sign Charlie Brown, traveled approximately 500,000 miles during the eight-day mission and exceeded 24,790 mph on its return to Earth
The two astronauts are pictured inside their Command Module as part of their mission
He even persuaded schools to get on board and help analyse the data.
'The approximate distance it travels in its orbit is 940 million kilometers. When you are looking for something four meters wide and the last reliable data you've got on it is 50 years ago, it's a bit tricky,' he told The Times.
But against the odds, it seems the astronomers have found this unique piece of space junk after spotting an object that looked 'odd'.
'It was a strange anomalous object in approximately the right orbit and exactly the right size. The radar data was completely whack, as one astronomer put it. It was like nothing we've ever seen. We're 99 percent convinced we've got it,' said Howes.
Apollo 10, carrying astronauts Thomas Stafford, Eugene Cernan and John Young was launched on 18th May 1969 on a lunar orbital mission, the dress rehearsal for the Apollo 11 Moon landing mission which took place two months later
Apollo 10 astronauts inside spacecraft before closing the hatch in May 1969. Now a team in 2019 believe they may have found the four-meter wide lunar module
Apollo 10 astronauts (left to right): Eugene Cernan, Thomas Stafford and John Young, stand smiling in door of helicopter which landed them aboard the aircraft carrier U.S.S. Princeton after their successful splashdown May 26th 1969
But even the strongest telescope is unable to see an object so small at that range. The only real way to verify if the object is indeed the lunar module is to go back up there and take a look.
Howes believes there is a strong argument for doing so.
'To recover one lunar module that is intact would be, I feel, quite special. The quality of engineering that went in to the Apollo program would probably mean that if power was restored you may even be able to fire up some of the systems.
'What I'm hoping is someone like Elon Musk can develop something and capture it and bring it back down.'
Apollo 10 ‘Snoopy’ Lunar Lander May Have Been Found
In 1969, the Apollo 10 crew jettisoned the lunar module 'Snoopy' from the Apollo command module into an orbit never to be seen again – or so they thought. The command module is pictured here on the far side of the moon
Apollo 10 ‘Snoopy’ Lunar Lander May Have Been Found
Before there was Apollo 11 and its historic first steps by a human on the Moon, there was Apollo 10 – when a crew and NASA support team obsessed with the Peanut cartoon strip sent a command module named Charlie Brown and a lunar module named Snoopy. While Charlie Brown carried the three crew members back safely to Earth, Snoopy was left behind in space and has become a treasure for astronomers both pro and amateur to search for. That hunt is over as Snoopy has been found in, still in orbit – not around the Moon but the Sun. These astronomers think NASA, or perhaps Elon Musk, should mount a mission to bring Snoopy home. They face objections from those who believe it would cost too much … and those who don’t believe Apollo 10 or any of the Apollo missions actually occurred.
“We don’t have any idea where he went. He just went boom and it disappeared right into the Sun.”
Apollo 10 crew members: left to right, Eugene Cernan, Tom Stafford and John Young
(NASA)
Eighty-eight-year-old Thomas Stafford is the last surviving member of the Apollo 10 crew and thought he’d never see Snoopy again after descending in it (with Eugene Cernan) to 15,000 meters above the surface, then jettisoning the descent module and returning to the command module, where they jettisoned Snoopy before heading home. The LM is only 4 meters wide and the only thing known about it was when and where it was jettisoned into a heliocentric orbit, but that was enough for British astronomer Nick Howes, who eight years ago began teaming up with with flight controllers, space dynamics experts and astronauts from the Apollo program to search for it.
“It was a strange anomalous object in approximately the right orbit and exactly the right size. The radar data was completely whack, as one astronomer put it. It was like nothing we’ve ever seen. We’re 99 percent convinced we’ve got it.”
Unfortunately, “strange anomalous object” is the best description Howes can give of what he and many others strongly believe is Snoopy. He, along with many space experts, space historians, former astronauts and others, believe that a mission should be sent to confirm the identification and bring Snoopy back.
“To recover one lunar module that is intact would be, I feel, quite special. The quality of engineering that went in to the Apollo program would probably mean that if power was restored you may even be able to fire up some of the systems. What I’m hoping is someone like Elon Musk can develop something and capture it and bring it back down.”
Would that convince doubters that the Apollo missions actually were real and not an elaborate hoax staged at some secret location – a large group of people whose number continues to grow?
“The thing that concerns me more and more about this is, as time passes and the Apollo landings are farther into the past and fewer people remember them, it might be easier to embrace these kinds of ideas.”
In a recent NASA presentation, Roger Launius, a former senior official at the Smithsonian Institution’s National Air and Space Museum and author of the new book, “Apollo’s Legacy: Perspectives on the Moon Landings,” expressed concern that 5% of Americans believe the Apollo moon landings were fakedand that percentage is growing fast. Launius blames this on a number of factors: Americans are getting dumber, Americans don’t trust their government agencies, Americans love conspiracy theories and Americans love profiting from the nativity of other Americans. He offers one way to try and convince these skeptics that there was no Apollo hoax: point out that our Cold War enemies and space race competitors, the Soviet Union, have never doubted the Moon landings.
“They had both the capability and the desire to disprove this, if it was true — you know, if we hadn’t landed on the moon but were faking it. And they never said a word. That’s a pretty strong element to me.”
Well, until recently at least. Dmitry Rogozin, the Director General of Roscosmos, has stated that one part of his space agency’s next moon mission will be to “verify whether they’ve been there or not.”
Will finding the Apollo 10 Snoopy module convince lunar landing doubters? When given the choice between believing “me or your lying eyes,” conspiracy theorists seem to continue to side with the conspiracists.
The Indian Army has discovered large footprints close to the Makalu Base Camp in North-Eastern Himalayas that could have possibly been made by a Yeti. The army’s Mountaineering Expedition team located the gigantic footprints on April 9, 2019, that measured 32 inches by 15 inches. They were found close to the Makalu Barun National Park which is located in Nepal and is coincidentally the same location where the creature has allegedly been seen in the past.
The Yeti, which is also known as the Abominable Snowman and the Asian Bigfoot, is believed to live in the Himalayas and there have been several reported sightings of the creature over the years, although there has yet to be any definitive proof of its existence. Yetis are said to be over 6 feet tall and can weigh anywhere from 91 to 181 kilograms (200 to 400 pounds).
The Additional Directorate General of Public Information (ADG-PI) tweeted the photos of the footprints which can be seen here.
Photo of Yeti footprints tweeted by the Indian Army
Unfortunately for the army, they have not received the support they were expecting when they posted the pictures of the footprints online and instead received much ridicule. Since the footprints were one in front of the other (instead of side-by-side), some users said that it was a “yeti catwalk” and that whatever made the footprints must have been “hopping”. Some joked about it being a “mythological one-legged creature”.
Needless to say, the Indian Army has become a popular topic over the last several days, but not in a good way, as one online user asked the army to “delete this tweet to avoid international embarrassment of India.” Another person wrote, “This is deeply, deeply embarrassing: whoever in the Indian Army’s PR has circulated this is disgracing the institution, and India, in the world’s eyes.” Click here to read more of the tweets.
If the past is any indication, the footprints were most likely made from a bear. In 2017, researchers collected 24 “Yeti” samples which included hair, skin, bones, and feces, but after studies were conducted on the samples, it was concluded that they came from a Himalayan brown bear and a black bear.
A few years before that, in 2014, researchers tested 30 hair samples that were believed to have came from a Yeti but instead came from several other animals, including bears and dogs.
While the footprints were probably created by a bear, the mystery of the Yeti continues to fascinate and excite those who believe the creature does exist.
ADG PI - INDIAN ARMY✔@adgpi
For the first time, an #IndianArmy Moutaineering Expedition Team has sited Mysterious Footprints of mythical beast 'Yeti' measuring 32x15 inches close to Makalu Base Camp on 09 April 2019. This elusive snowman has only been sighted at Makalu-Barun National Park in the past.
This is a dark tower I found on planet Mercury in a NASA archive. Most craters on other planets and moons are about 10-30km across. So I will take the low number 10km and the tower is 1/3 the diameter of the crater making it 3km tall. Now thats a low end estimate. If this unknown crater is 30km across, then this tower is actually 10km tall! The gravity on Mercury is 38% that of Earths, so any building will weigh 62% less on Mercury, compared to here on Earth. There is also a huge statue of a person praying in the left side of the photograph. This could mean that the tower we see is of religious significance to the aliens species that created it. The tower could also be a docking point for ship too large to land not he planets surface. Scott C. Waring
I found this ancient tomb on Mars when I was looking back at a tiny skull photo that I had found a few years ago. I had never seen this tomb back then. It was just right there in the center of a photo. It was a totally different photo than the skull. The skull was of a tiny alien species because the photo was taken with he micro viewer camera. The tomb is a little bit bigger than 2 meters long. It looks to be 2.1-2.2 meters long. That would match up to the size of tombs here on earth. The top of the tomb seems to be slightly raised in one corner so we know that the tomb is hollow and this is a lid. Also the sides of the tomb have sculptures in it, but the photos detail is too poor to make out for certain what those carvings are. Still, I am just surprised that I had found this today. This is absolutely 100% proof that intelligent aliens one thrived on Mars. I wonder if this species still exists below the ground in underground cities to escape the horrible heat of the surface? Time will tell. Scott C. Waring
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They Hid Something in the Mars Rover That No One Knows About
They Hid Something in the Mars Rover That No One Knows About
There is more to the story of Mars than they will ever admit. When NASA received the first pictures of Mars they immediately started tweaking them, even changing the color of the sky from blue to red.
They have been trying to convince us for 40 years that there is no life or even signs of past life but the evidence suggests otherwise.
One of the most interesting stories here regards a technicians who downloaded the Mars rover data, he found images that were not on the original hard drive, are they storing data on a different one and not sharing the data?
Six asteroids will make close approaches to Earth over just two years during the late 2020s, including the asteroid Apophis (seen here), which scientists also observed in 2013.
Buckle your seat belts, Earthlings — the late 2020s will offer an incredible spree of close asteroid flybys, and none will pose athreat to life on Earth.
The six flybys of relatively large asteroids will happen over a span of two years, beginning in June 2027. In a presentation given at theInternational Academy of Aeronautics' Planetary Defense Conferencetoday (April 30) in College Park, Maryland, Lance Benner, a radar specialist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California, walked scientists through the scientific opportunities offered by the flyby series.
"The six asteroids that are going to be coming along will begin in the summer of 2027," Benner said. "And then after that, it's going to be bang, bang, bang — not literally bang, bang, bang, but there will be a number of them coming in very short order, and it should make for a very interesting two years as these objects make close approaches."
None of these asteroids are on paths that will intersect with Earth's orbit.
But they'll come close enough that scientists should be able to get a good look at them, Benner said. (In fact, three will be visible with binoculars, and one of those, called Apophis, will be visible to the naked eye.)
The largest asteroid of the lot will swing by first. Called 1990 MU, it is 1.7 miles (2.8 kilometers) wide. Two asteroids in the series will come closer to Earth than the moon's orbit. During the close approaches of all six space rocks, scientists will be able to gather detailed radar imagery of the asteroids, which will give researchers a good sense of the shape and rotation speeds of these objects.
In a few cases, scientists will examine these objects for the third time, giving them enough data to begin analyzing the tiny changes in speed that happen when the sun's radiation heats an asteroid unevenly.
And because scientists are aware of the bonanza so far in advance, spacecraft could get in on the fun. Current missions, like NASA's OSIRIS-REx and Japan's Hayabusa2, have shown that machines are now capable of close approaches to space rocks. Future such missions could potentially spot small changes on an asteroid's surface caused by Earth's gravity tugging on the rock during its flyby.
The close approaches will come at a steady clip of two per year beginning in 2027, concluding with Apophis. The bevy of flybys could even offer an opportunity for a spacecraft trajectory that could carry instruments past multiple of these asteroids in the same mission, Benner said.
"I think this is going to attract considerable scientific interest — interest from the public, potentially interest from people who are planning spacecraft missions," he said.
The U.S. Air Force's X-37B space plane has now been circling Earth for more than 600 days on its latest mystery mission.
The reusable robotic vehicle, which looks like a miniature version of NASA's space shuttle orbiters,launched atop a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocketfrom NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Sept. 7, 2017.
As of today (April 30), the space plane has been aloft for 601 days, on a mission known as Orbital Test Vehicle 5 (OTV-5) because it's the fifth flight of the X-37B program.
It's unclear what exactly the spacecraft is doing up there. X-37B missions are classified, and Air Force officials tend to speak of project goals in general terms, as this excerpt from the X-37B fact sheet shows: "The primary objectives of the X-37B are twofold: reusable spacecraft technologies for America's future in space and operating experiments which can be returned to, and examined, on Earth."
Still, the Air Force does divulge some payloads flying on X-37B missions. For example, we know that OTV-5 includes the Advanced Structurally Embedded Thermal Spreader experiment (ASETS-II), which is measuring the performance of electronics and oscillating heat pipes in the space environment.
The Air Force has at least two X-37B vehicles, both of which were built by Boeing. Each space plane is 29 feet (8.8 meters) long and 9.6 feet (2.9 m) tall, with a wingspan of almost 15 feet (4.6 m). The solar-powered spacecraft have payload bays about the size of a pickup-truck bed.
The X-37B launches vertically and lands horizontally on a runway, like the space shuttle orbiters did.
OTV-5 is not, so far, the longest-duration X-37B mission, though the outing will earn that distinction if the established pattern holds: Each OTV flight has lasted longer than its predecessors:
OTV-1 launched on April 22, 2010, and ended on Dec. 3, 2010 (224 days in space).
OTV-2 began March 5, 2011, and landed on June 16, 2012 (468 days).
OTV-3 launched on Dec. 11, 2012, and came down on Oct. 17, 2014 (675 days).
OTV-4 lifted off on May 20, 2015, and landed May 7, 2017 (718 days).
COLLEGE PARK, Md. — The solar system has a sense of humor: A decade from now, on Friday, April 13, 2029, alarge asteroidwill streak across the sky — but it's a cause for excitement, not fear, scientists say.
That asteroid, calledApophis, stretches about 1,100 feet (340 meters) across and will pass within 19,000 miles (31,000 kilometers) of Earth's surface. That might sound scary, but scientists are positive that it will not hit Earth. Instead, it's a once-in-a-lifetime chance for scientists to truly understand asteroids near Earth.
"The excitement is that an object this large comes this close about once per thousand years, so it's all about, What's the opportunity?" Richard Binzel, a planetary scientist at MIT, said yesterday (April 30) during the International Academy of Aeronautics' Planetary Defense Conference, which is being held here this week. The asteroid's proximity and size will also add to the encounter's brightness, so Apophis will capture eyeballs — about 2 billion people should be able to see it pass by with their naked eyes, he said.
And of course, scientists have a full 10 years to plan before the space rock makes its closest approach. That means they have time to draw up a wish list of what they'd like to learn, sort out what can be tackled from Earth and dream up spacecraft designs that could give them a front-row seat to the flyby.
Although scientists are positive Apophis won't hit Earth in 2029, they can't yet rule out possible collisions many decades in the future, and there are plenty of other large space rocks orbiting the sun in Earth's neighborhood. Experts in planetary defense track these objects and prepare techniques that could divert any that do pose a threat. And data gathered about Apophis could inform what scientists know about these other asteroids, since this particular space rock seems superficially similar to about 80% of the potentially hazardous asteroids scientists have identified to date.
Asteroid scientists and planetary defense experts have already begun that work, with a series of presentations at the conference here highlighting topics they'd like to consider between now and the 2029 Apophis flyby.
Those proposed investigations bridge the two disciplines, asking questions applicable both to humanity's self-interest and to our greater understanding of the solar system we live in. Take, for example, the interior structure of Apophis, which would be a vital piece of information for engineers to understand if they want to try to break apart the space rock or push its collision course away from Earth. But that information would also likely offer clues to how Apophis formed.
"You could argue, is this science or planetary defense?" Binzel said. "But there is no argument, it's all one and the same."
A key topic of interest is the degree to which Earth's gravitational pull may distort Apophis during the 2029 close approach. Some scientists believe that previous flybys would have also stretched the space rock, and that other asteroids could be similarly affected during their own close approaches.
One question that asteroid scientists have that is also vital for planetary defense experts is the extent to which the sun's radiation nudges Apophis' orbit. That phenomenon, called the Yarkovsky effect, results from the temperature differential between the day and night sides of the asteroid.
The tweaks the Yarkovsky effect cause in an asteroid's orbit are so small that scientists struggle to distinguish the nudges from instrument hiccups. Although scientists have pinpointed Apophis' trajectory in 2029 to within a path just 7.4 miles (12 km) wide that stays thousands of miles away from Earth, they can't quite rule out possible impacts decades in the future — and that's in part because of uncertainty about the Yarkovsky effect.
In addition to flagging some key priorities for the next decade, scientists also discussed some top-level mission concepts that could lay the groundwork for spacecraft to visit Apophis before, during or after its close approach.
The successes of the past year or so have put engineers on a strong footing for such missions: NASA's Mars InSight mission placed the first robotically deployed seismometer on another planet. The first interplanetary cubesats flew with that spacecraft as the MarCO mission. And both NASA's OSIRIS-REx and Japan's Hayabusa2 have excelled at operating close to small asteroids.
Pieces of all those missions showed up in discussions about what scientists could send to Apophis. Several speakers discussed the possibilities offered by cubesat missions, including missions that paired twin spacecraft, as MarCO did.
Scientists also advanced the idea of putting a seismometer on the space rock — one design would impale Apophis like a harpoon — to pick up tiny vibrations through the space rock that could help scientists understand the interior structure of Apophis and how it's affected by Earth's gravity. Also among the ideas is a mission that would create an artificial crater on Apophis, as Hayabusa2 just did at an asteroid called Ryugu, in order to see below the weathered surface of the asteroid.
Some of those ideas may be too risky to be worthwhile, however, since scientists would need to be positive the manhandling wouldn't risk meddling in Apophis' current, safe trajectory. "We've got to be really careful, because this specific object will have intense public and even political pressure to avoid doing anything to change its orbit," James Bell, a planetary scientist at Arizona State University, said during his presentation. "That said, it's an opportunity for NASA and other space agencies, for it to be the PR event of the decade."
And that's the careful balance that asteroid scientists and planetary defense experts will need to achieve over the course of the next decade — making the most of the scientific and outreach opportunities Apophis' close flyby offers without causing panic, or still worse, accidentally creating a truly dangerous situation where there wasn't one before.
"The world will be watching," Binzel said. "It's up to us to get ready."
Editor's Note: This article was corrected to include James Bell's affiliation of Arizona State University.
Mini-SAR map of the Circular Polarization Ratio (CPR) of the north pole of the Moon. Fresh, “normal” craters (red circles) show high values of CPR inside and outside their rims. This is consistent with the distribution of rocks and ejected blocks around fresh impact features, indicating that the high CPR here is surface scattering. The “anomalous” craters (green circles) have high CPR within, but not outside their rims. Their interiors are also in permanent sun shadow. These relations are consistent with the high CPR in this case being caused by water ice, which is only stable in the polar dark cold traps. We estimate over 600 million cubic meters (1 cubic meter = 1 metric ton) of water in these features.
Using data from a NASA radar that flew aboard India's Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft, scientists have detected ice deposits near the moon's north pole. NASA's Mini-SAR instrument, a lightweight, synthetic aperture radar, found more than 40 small craters with water ice. The craters range in size from 1 to 9 miles (2 to15 km) in diameter. Although the total amount of ice depends on its thickness in each crater, it's estimated there could be at least 1.3 trillion pounds (600 million metric tons) of water ice.
The Mini-SAR has imaged many of the permanently shadowed regions that exist at both poles of the Moons. These dark areas are extremely cold and it has been hypothesized that volatile material, including water ice, could be present in quantity here. The main science object of the Mini-SAR experiment is to map and characterize any deposits that exist.
Mini-SAR is a lightweight (less than 10 kg) imaging radar. It uses the polarization properties of reflected radio waves to characterize surface properties. Mini-SAR sends pulses of radar that are left-circular polarized. Typical planetary surfaces reverse the polarization during the reflection of radio waves, so that normal echoes from Mini-SAR are right circular polarized. The ratio of received power in the same sense transmitted (left circular) to the opposite sense (right circular) is called the circular polarization ratio (CPR). Most of the Moon has low CPR, meaning that the reversal of polarization is the norm, but some targets have high CPR. These include very rough, fresh surfaces (such as a young, fresh crater) and ice, which is transparent to radio energy and multiply scatters the pulses, leading to an enhancement in same sense reflections and hence, high CPR. CPR is not uniquely diagnostic of either roughness or ice; the science team must take into account the environment of the occurrences of high CPR signal to interpret its cause.
The fresh impact crater Main L (14 km diameter), which shows high CPR inside and outside its rim. SC is the “same sense, circular” polarization; CPR is “circular polarization ratio.” The histograms at right show that the high CPR values within (red line) and outside the crater rim (green line) are nearly identical.
Numerous craters near the poles of the Moon have interiors that are in permanent sun shadow. These areas are very cold and water ice is stable there essentially indefinitely. Fresh craters show high degrees of surface roughness (high CPR) both inside and outside the crater rim, caused by sharp rocks and block fields that are distributed over the entire crater area. However, Mini-SAR has found craters near the north pole that have high CPR inside, but not outside their rims. This relation suggests that the high CPR is not caused by roughness, but by some material that is restricted within the interiors of these craters. We interpret this relation as consistent with water ice present in these craters. The ice must be relatively pure and at least a couple of meters thick to give this signature.
Anomalous Polar Crater
On Floor of Rozhdestvensky, 9 km Diameter, 84.3° N, 157° W
An “anomalous” crater on the floor of Rozhdestvensky, near the north pole of the Moon. This feature shows high CPR within the crater rim, but low CPR outside, suggesting that roughness (which occurs throughout a fresh crater) is not the cause of the elevated CPR. This feature’s interior is in permanent sun shadow. SC stands for “same sense, circular”, OC stands for “opposite sense, circular” and CPR is the “circular polarization ratio.” The histogram of CPR values clearly shows that interior points (red line) have higher CPR values than those outside the crater rim (green line).
The estimated amount of water ice potentially present is comparable to the quantity estimated solely from the previous mission of Lunar Prospector’s neutron data (several hundred million metric tons.) The variation in the estimates between Mini-SAR and the Lunar Prospector’s neutron spectrometer is due to the fact that it only measures to depths of about one-half meter, so it would underestimate the total quantity of water ice present. At least some of the polar ice is mixed with lunar soil and thus, invisible to our radar.
"The emerging picture from the multiple measurements and resulting data of the instruments on lunar missions indicates that water creation, migration, deposition and retention are occurring on the moon," said Paul Spudis, principal investigator of the Mini-SAR experiment at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston. "The new discoveries show the moon is an even more interesting and attractive scientific, exploration and operational destination than people had previously thought."
"After analyzing the data, our science team determined a strong indication of water ice, a finding which will give future missions a new target to further explore and exploit," said Jason Crusan, program executive for the Mini-RF Program for NASA's Space Operations Mission Directorate in Washington.
The Mini-SAR's findings are being published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters. The results are consistent with recent findings of other NASA instruments and add to the growing scientific understanding of the multiple forms of water found on the moon. The agency's Moon Mineralogy Mapper discovered water molecules in the moon's polar regions, while water vapor was detected by NASA's Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite, or LCROSS.
Mini-SAR and Moon Mineralogy Mapper are two of 11 instruments on the Indian Space Research Organization's Chandrayaan-1. The Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Md., performed the final integration and testing on Mini-SAR. It was developed and built by the Naval Air Warfare Center in China Lake, Calif., and several other commercial and government contributors.
Underwater Structure Thought To Be Over 14,000 Years Old & Man-made
Underwater Structure Thought To Be Over 14,000 Years Old & Man-made
Japan’s Yonaguni Island yields one of the most mysterious sets of nautical ruins to date. Estimated to be 14,000 years old, the Yonaguni ruins have several structures, including a large pyramid 600 feet wide and 90 feet tall with five distinct levels and what appear to be stairs. Tool marks and carvings have been documented on several of the structures; however, debate on whether the ruins are man-made or naturally occurring continues to this day. University of Tokyo professor Teruaki Ishii determined that the submersion of the structures occurred at the end of the last ice age, around 10,000 years ago. Tools and unknown hieroglyphs have been found on land in the surrounding region
DID PRESIDENT EISENHOWER MEET WITH ALIENS AT HOLLOMAN AIR FORCE BASE?
DID PRESIDENT EISENHOWER MEET WITH ALIENS AT HOLLOMAN AIR FORCE BASE?
In 1953, President Harry Truman gave up the oval office and passed the reins of power to his successor, President Dwight D. Eisenhower (Ike). It appears that Truman also gave Ike a pretty hefty file concerning a top secret project called Majestic 12 that Truman establishedBy Classified Executive Order. Majestic 12 consisted of a group of scientists, military personnel and other governmental professionals who all worked together to understand and communicate with UFOs and extraterrestrials (ETs).
President Eisenhower was extremely interested in UFOs and ETs: there isEvidencethat he met with ETs secretly, at least three times.
Once at Edwards Air Force Base (AFB) in California and twice at Holloman AFB in New Mexico. Since the Eisenhower meetings, other instances of UFOs landing at or near Holloman AFB have been reported.
1954 EISENHOWER-ET MEETING AT EDWARDS AFB
President Eisenhower, who had been a five-star Army general, always had a “strong belief in life on other planets.” In February 1954, he was spending several days in Palm Springs On Vacation. He disappeared for several hours one Saturday afternoon and even missed a scheduled public dinner. He was not seen again until late the following morning.
The press questioned Ike’s whereabouts, so the White House Press Secretary told them that Ike had chipped a tooth and gone to see a dentist. Even at that time, rumors were that he was visiting ETs at nearby Edwards AFB. The dentist story falls apart upon close inspection. Washington Post Staff Writer, Peter Carlson, denies the story of the chipped tooth and calls it a cover-up.
THERE WAS NO DENTIST VISIT
The Eisenhower Presidential Library has detailed reports of all Eisenhower’s medical and dental records. There is no reference to a broken or chipped tooth or dentist visit related to the Palm Springs visit. The Library also has copies of acknowledgments that were sent to everyone Eisenhower had contact with while in Palm Springs. There were records of people who met the airplane, people who sent flowers, the minister who gave the sermon at the Sunday service he attended, and others who played minor roles. But there is no proof of a note sent to a dentist. Years later, the dentist’s widow said she had no recollection of ever being told by her husband that he had done dental work on the President.
CORROBORATING EVIDENCE OF THE ET VISIT
William Cooper, who was on the Naval Intelligence briefing team and had access to classified documents, is a credible witness. His Review Of Those Documents revealed that ETs had had contact with Earth. They had warned that the Earth was “on a path of self-destruction” and they wanted to meet to help effectuate a long-lasting peace.
MEETING WITH EISENHOWER
The first meeting with the aliens and President Eisenhower occurred at Edwards AFB in February 1954. Navy Commander Charles L. Suggs reported that his father had attended the meeting between Ike and the ETs. Eisenhower met with two Nordic appearing, blue-eyed ETs. A third one stood near the door as a lookout.
The discussions were polite. Eisenhower wanted to effectuate a treaty with the aliens, but was unwilling to agree to their demand that we cease testing nuclear weapons. The aliens left with no treaty in place, but returned the next year to Holloman AFB in New Mexico, not too far from the famous Roswell alien aircraft crash site, for a subsequent meeting with Eisenhower.
GERALD LIGHT’S LETTER
There is a corroborating Story to the ET meeting with Ike at Edwards AFB. The accuracy of the story is difficult to confirm. A man named Gerald Light Wrote A Letter in April 1954 claiming to have been an eyewitness to the Edwards AFB meeting between Eisenhower and ETs. Light provided details such as watching Air Force officials studying five aircraft with the permission of their alien owners!
Some question the credibility of Light’s report since he was known to have a love of the occult and claimed to be clairvoyant, but others like Meade Layne, the former director of Borderland Sciences Research Foundation, confirms and believes Light did know first-hand what occurred.
Aliens and Cover-Ups
1955 EISENHOWER-ET MEETING AT HOLLOMAN AFB
There were Several Eyewitness Reports of a second meeting between Ike and ETs at Holloman AFB in New Mexico, which is only about 120 miles from the well-known Roswell incident. The reports are more detailed than the ones provided for the Edwards AFB meeting.
In February 1955, approximately 300 people saw Air Force One land at Holloman AFB and taxi back out to the end of the runway. Shortly after the plane landed, the pilot instructed the tower to turn off all radar while the president’s plane was on the tarmac. Shortly after Air Force One landed, and the radar was turned off, three round objects were seen in the sky. One landed about 200 feet in front of Air Force One, another hovered over the area as though keeping watch, and a third one disappeared from visibility.
A man, presumed to be Eisenhower, descended the steps of Air Force One.
He was seen shaking hands with a being at the door of the saucer, then entering the unusual saucer-shaped aircraft. Ike was in the saucer for about 45 minutes.
When he left, he was not wearing a hat and was clearly visible to many observers. All witnesses recognized him as President Eisenhower.
Respected author and former pentagon consultant, Timothy Good, came forward in 2012 to talk about Ike’s meetings with ETs. Good discussed the purpose of those meetings. The upshot is that these particular extraterrestrials, like many others ETs, apparently wanted peace. They were trying to negotiate some sort of positive settlement for Earth’s problems. Evidence indicates that they wanted the U.S. To Discontinue Testing Nuclear Weapons. At first, they apparently wanted the public to be told the truth about their existence. In the final treaty, they seemingly had changed their mind and wanted to remain secret.
Ultimately, Eisenhower Signed A Treaty with an alien race called Alien Grays. The terms of the Treaty are reported to have been:
We would not be involved in their affairs and they would not become involved in ours
They would help us with developing our technology
They would not make a treaty with any other nation on Earth
They could abduct humans for various experiments, but had to provide names of all those they abducted to Earth’s Majestic 12 committee
The public would not be informed about the existence of ETs.
UFO LANDINGS AT HOLLOMAN AFB
In 1964, Three UFOs Flew Into The Air Space At Holloman AFB. They were tracked on radar and actually Captured On Film. One seemed to wobble and eventually landed at the AFB. Three humanoids with blue-gray complexions, dressed in tight-fitting flight suits, were met by the Air Force base commander and four other officers. The aliens stayed for several days and their aircraft was purportedly repaired. What was discussed in the meetings is still a mystery. It is also still a mystery as to why so many people could have been involved in the meetings and, to date, so few people have broken their silence.
Through the years, there have been more reports of UFO landings at Holloman AFB. Documentaries have mentioned Holloman AFB as the site of alien landings. A Documentary Narrated By The Legendary Rod Serling, “UFO’s: Past, Present and Future,” was produced in 1974. It has a segment on UFO landings at Holloman AFB and the 1955 meeting with Eisenhower. The documentary was nominated for a Golden Globe award as the best documentary of the year. A later documentary, released in 1976, “UFOS: It Has Begun,” also referenced Holloman AFB and the landings that have occurred there.
IS THIS ONE OF MANY ALIEN GOVERNMENT COVER-UPS?
There may have been a time when alien cover-ups were beneficial for the safety of the country and the planet, but is it still necessary in modern times? There is a Strong Consensus among officials that alien evidence and cover-up is widespread. Will the government ever share with the public all the documents concerning ETs visiting the Earth and making treaties with our government? Why does the government still believe alien visits need to be covered-up? Learn more about Alien Visitors To Earth and subsequent Government Cover-Ups.
My first reaction was that that must be fake. Somebody just composed some sounds effects, and is making fun of astronomy. I didn't succeed in finding any debunking for that though, from the internet, yet. Then I found this NASA site:
Some spacecraft have instruments capable of capturing radio emissions. When scientists convert these to sound waves, the results are eerie to hear. In time for Halloween, we've put together a compilation of elusive "sounds" of howling planets and whistling helium that is sure to make your skin crawl.
Oh... time to start believing? But when I listened to the sounds from the NASA site, actually they didn't sound the same as the sounds in the youtube... So I'm left slightly confused and unsure.
Countless Sci-Fi fans vividly remember the famous scene in Star Wars in which the Death Star obliterates the planet Alderaan.
Mirroring many late night caffeine-fueled arguments among Sci-Fi fans, a University of Leicester researcher asks the question:
Could a small moon-sized battle station generate enough energy to destroy an Earth-sized planet?
A paper by David Boulderston (University of Leicester) sets out to answer that very question. First, for the uninitiated, just what the heck is a Death Star?
According to Star Wars lore, the DS-1 Orbital Battle Station, or Death Star, is a moon-sized battle station designed to spread fear throughout the galaxy. The image above shows the Death Star as it appeared in Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope (1977). The Death Star’s main weapon is depicted as a superlaser capable of destroying planets with a single blast.
Boulderston claims that it is possible to estimate how much energy the Death Star would need in order to destroy a planet with its superlaser. There are a number of assumptions made, however, in order to come up with the energy requirement.
For starters, Boulderston assumed that Alderaan did not have any sort of planetary “deflector” shield. A second assumption is that the planet is a solid body of uniform density – essentially ignoring the complex interior of planets, due to lack of information on Alderaan itself. Using the idealized sphere model based on Earth’s mass and diameter, it was possible to determine the gravitational binding energy of Alderaan, using a simple equation of:
U= 3GMp2 —— 5Rp
Where G is the Gravitational Constant (6.673×10-11), Mp is planet mass, and Rp is the planet’s radius. Using Earth’s mass and radius, the required energy comes out to 2.25 x 1032 Joules. Using Jupiter’s data, the energy required goes up to 2 x 1036 Joules.
Boulderston asserts that (according to Star Wars lore) the Death Star is powered by a ‘hypermatter’ reactor, possessing the energy output of several main-sequence stars. Given that the power output of our Sun is about 3 x 1026 Joules per second, it’s a reasonable assumption the Death Star’s reactor could power the superlaser.
Despite using a simplified model of a planet, Boulderstone states the simplified model is reasonable to use since the Death Star’s main power reactor has the energy output equal to several main-sequence stars. Even if Earth’s exact composition were used in the equation above, the required energy to destroy a planet would only be affected by a few orders of magnitude – well within the Death Star’s power budget.
Boulderstone reiterated that the energy required to destroy a Jupiter-sized planet would put considerable strain on the Death Star. To destroy a planet like Jupiter, all power from essential systems and life support (no re-routing from the auxiliary EPS conduits – that’s a Star Trek hack!) would be required, which is not necessarily possible.
Boulderstone’s conclusion is that the Death Star could indeed destroy Earth-like planets, given its main power source. While the Death Star could destroy an Earth-sized planet, a Jupiter-sized planet would be a tough challenge, and the Galactic Empire would need to resort to using a Suncrusher to destroy stars.
If you’d like to read Boulderstone’s paper, you can access it at:
Flying Over Planet Earth Image Credit: NASA; Acknowledgement: Infinity Imagined
Explanation:
Have you ever dreamed of flying high above the Earth? Astronauts visiting theInternational Space Stationdo this every day, circling our restless planet twice every three hours. A dramatic example of their view was compiled in theabove time-lapse videofrom images taken earlier this month. As the ISS speeds into thenighttimehalf of the globe, familiar constellations of stars remain visible above. An aerosol haze of Earth's thin atmosphereis visible on the horizon as an thin multi-colored ring. Manywonderswhiz by below, including vast banks of white clouds, large stretches of deep blue sea, land lit up by the lights of big cities and small towns, and storm clouds flashing withlightning. The videostartsoverthe northern Pacific Ocean and then passes from western North Americato western South America, ending nearAntarcticaas daylight finally approaches.
Saturn’s strange moonTitanhides many of its secrets behind layers and layers of thick haze, but scientists have now peered through the haze in a new way—and spotted a massive stretch of water ice to boot.
That ice block stretches across nearly half of Titan’s girth. The feature was a surprise companion to the patches of water ice scientists expected to find, and they aren’t positive precisely what sort of geologic feature it might indicate. The research is based on data gathered by NASA’s Cassini spacecraft, which spent 13 years studying the Saturn system and made more than 100 flybys of the massive moon before self-destructing in September 2017.
“It’s a good example of how we’re doing really well at continuing to mine these amazing Cassini data for new results,” Jani Radebaugh, a planetary scientist at Brigham Young University in Utah who wasn’t involved in the new research, told Space.com. “We’re far from being finished with understanding Titan to the degree we can with Cassini.”
Scientists want to understand Titan because its features provide an eerie twist on the planet we know and love so well. The moon has a thick, nitrogen-rich atmosphere, and liquids rain down onto its surface to fill lakes and seas. But those liquids are organic compounds falling onto a surface made, in part, of water ice. It’s weird. It’s also a struggle to study, since all those weird things get in the way of each other.
“What we’re curious about is, beyond that global gentle snowfall of organics, what’s happening?" Radebaugh said. “It can be really hard to see through that layer to be able to see what’s going on."
That’s where the technique used in the new paper comes in. The new research uses a statistical approach called principal component analysis, which lets the scientists look past the most dominant features in the data—like the haze—and pick up on much smaller signatures that otherwise get missed—like water ice. In the new study, the scientists applied the technique only to the swath of Titan between 30 degrees north and south latitude.
“The idea was to say ‘Let’s try to get a global sense of what the distribution of ice is on the surface compared to the amount of organics on the surface,’” lead author Caitlin Griffith, a planetary scientist at the University of Arizona, told Space.com. “We needed a method for measuring these very, very weak features and try to pull out information from these features.”
Principal component analysis allowed Griffith and her colleagues do precisely that. “We’re looking for very subtle features that are hidden behind bigger features,” Griffith said. “That works like a charm actually, so that allowed us to get very detailed information on these very weak features"—like where water ice was visible at the surface.
Some of the regions where the team found water ice were what scientists expected—around what they believe is a large cryovolcano that once erupted liquid water across Titan’s surface and around impact craters where meteorites dug into the moon’s surface. But no one expected the massive belt of water ice—3,900 miles (6,300 kilometers) long—that also turned up in the same analysis.
“There’s really nothing that tells us that it should be made of water ice, even just as you look at the landscape,” Radebaugh said. “There’s nothing that really says this is different from everything else.”
Griffith said she isn’t sure yet what the massive line of ice, which she compares to a scar, represents—it will take more research to pin down what left the ice uncovered on the surface of Titan. “It’s a big feature that tells us something about the way that Titan was in the past, but we don’t know really what it is,” she said. “I think right now it’s basically telling us that it’s complicated, the surface is fairly complicated.”
Radebaugh said that from her perspective outside of the team, it seems like the feature could be the result of a massive faulting—cracking—event that hefted a stretch of water-ice bedrock upward and left it uncovered. If that turns out to be the case, the feature could offer a window into a layer of Titan that has not yet been in the spotlight.
“Tectonism on Titan in some ways has taken a little bit of a back seat just because we see all of these surface processes—the fluid flow, the erosion, the wind deposits, and all of those kinds of things,” Radebaugh said. “These surface processes, those things are sort of in your face.”
But just because something is hidden doesn’t mean it deserves to remain that way, she added. “We need to remember that there’s a very interesting, a possibly active, lithosphere beneath that as well.”
The research is described in a paper published today (April 29) in the journal Nature Astronomy.
Copyright 2019 Space.com, a Future company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.