Dit is ons nieuw hondje Kira, een kruising van een waterhond en een Podenko. Ze is sinds 7 februari 2024 bij ons en druk bezig ons hart te veroveren. Het is een lief, aanhankelijk hondje, dat zich op een week snel aan ons heeft aangepast. Ze is heel vinnig en nieuwsgierig, een heel ander hondje dan Noleke.
This is our new dog Kira, a cross between a water dog and a Podenko. She has been with us since February 7, 2024 and is busy winning our hearts. She is a sweet, affectionate dog who quickly adapted to us within a week. She is very quick and curious, a very different dog than Noleke.
DEAR VISITOR,
MY BLOG EXISTS ALREADY 13 YEARS AND 2 MONTH.
ON 06/08/2024 MORE THAN 2.161.100
VISITORS FROM 135 DIFFERENT NATIONS ALREADY FOUND THEIR WAY TO MY BLOG.
THAT IS AN AVERAGE OF 400GUESTS PER DAY.
THANK YOU FOR VISITING MY BLOG AND HOPE YOU ENJOY EACH TIME.
The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld In België had je vooral BUFON of het Belgisch UFO-Netwerk, dat zich met UFO's bezighoudt. BEZOEK DUS ZEKER VOOR ALLE OBJECTIEVE INFORMATIE , enkel nog beschikbaar via Facebook en deze blog.
Verder heb je ook het Belgisch-Ufo-meldpunt en Caelestia, die prachtig, doch ZEER kritisch werk leveren, ja soms zelfs héél sceptisch...
Voor Nederland kan je de mooie site www.ufowijzer.nl bezoeken van Paul Harmans. Een mooie site met veel informatie en artikels.
MUFON of het Mutual UFO Network Inc is een Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in alle USA-staten en diverse landen.
MUFON's mission is the analytical and scientific investigation of the UFO- Phenomenon for the benefit of humanity...
Je kan ook hun site bekijken onder www.mufon.com.
Ze geven een maandelijks tijdschrift uit, namelijk The MUFON UFO-Journal.
Since 02/01/2020 is Pieter ex-president (=voorzitter) of BUFON, but also ex-National Director MUFON / Flanders and the Netherlands. We work together with the French MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP.
ER IS EEN NIEUWE GROEPERING DIE ZICH BUFON NOEMT, MAAR DIE HEBBEN NIETS MET ONZE GROEP TE MAKEN. DEZE COLLEGA'S GEBRUIKEN DE NAAM BUFON VOOR HUN SITE... Ik wens hen veel succes met de verdere uitbouw van hun groep. Zij kunnen de naam BUFON wel geregistreerd hebben, maar het rijke verleden van BUFON kunnen ze niet wegnemen...
03-06-2019
FORMER MILITARY INTELLIGENCE OFFICIAL: ‘LOW PROBABILITY’ UFO TECHNOLOGY IS OF THIS WORLD
FORMER MILITARY INTELLIGENCE OFFICIAL: ‘LOW PROBABILITY’ UFO TECHNOLOGY IS OF THIS WORLD
Scott Morefield | Reporter
Fox News host Tucker Carlson discussed the military’s “different approach” to UFO sightingswith former military intelligence official Luis Elizondo on Friday’s edition of “Tucker Carlson Tonight.”
WATCH:
Tucker began the segment by describing the U.S. government’s new way of dealing with sightings. Whereas they once “dismissed” them as “crank stuff,” they are now “finally admitting that UFO sightings are in fact routine and the government is now being systematic in investigating the question of UFOs.”
After playing footage of a new History Channel documentary on the subject, the Fox News host introduced Elizondo, a “former military intelligence official and special agent in charge.”
When asked about why the government lied for so many years, Elizondo listed several reasons, including lack of technology and the “taboo” surrounding the subject.
Elizondo described “five observables” that differentiate UFO technology from known technology: Instantaneous acceleration, hypersonic velocities, low observability, transmedium travel, and positive lift or anti-gravity.
“There have been enough sightings over a long enough period that the idea this is a computer glitch, that these are generated somehow by radar systems, that can’t be right, correct?” asked Tucker.
“Tucker, we are well beyond right now establishing whether or not these things exist,” responded Elizondo. “It is an absolute fact that they are there. Now, what they are, where they are from, who is behind the wheel, we simply don’t know. Is it possible these things are a foreign adversarial technology that somehow was developed in secret and we are just now trying to figure these things out? It’s possible. But, there are also other possibilities as well, of what these things could be.”
When pressed to assign a likelihood that the UFOs were foreign technology, Elizondo said, “I think it’s a low probability.”
Very low probability. Look, we have the most sophisticated weapon systems right now on the face of the planet, and we can identify not only a 737 or a MIG 25 or F-22, we can tell you even what airline it is and the difference between the models of aircraft within that type of aircraft. So, I think it’s highly unlikely that a foreign adversary was successful in developing something like this.
“Let me ask you one last question,” said the Fox News host. “Do you believe, based on your decade of serving in the U.S. government on this question, that the U.S. government has in its possession any material from one of these aircrafts?”
“I do. Yes,” he responded.
“Do you think the U.S. government has debris from a UFO in its possession right now?” asked Carlson.
“Unfortunately, Tucker, I really have to be careful of my NDA,” said Elizondo, cautiously. “I really can’t go into a lot more detail than that … But simply put, yes.”
‘Zeer onwaarschijnlijk’ dat UFO-technologie van deze wereld is, zegt deze oud-inlichtingenfunctionaris. Het is zover
‘Zeer onwaarschijnlijk’ dat UFO-technologie van deze wereld is, zegt deze oud-inlichtingenfunctionaris. Het is zover
Het is zover. UFO’s zijn ‘mainstream’ geworden. De Amerikaanse media schrijven er nu over alsof het de normaalste zaak van de wereld is, terwijl er nog niet zo heel lang geleden vooral lacherig over werd gedaan.
Enkele dagen geleden was voormalig inlichtingenfunctionaris Luis Elizondo te gast in het tv-programma van Tucker Carlson
Elizondo stond jarenlang aan het hoofd van het geheime onderzoek dat het Pentagon deed naar onbekende vliegende objecten.
Taboe
De overheid nam het onderwerp tot voor kort totaal niet serieus, maar ‘geeft nu eindelijk toe dat er vaak UFO-waarnemingen worden gemeld en dat er uitgebreid onderzoek naar wordt gedaan’, merkte Carlson op.
Op de vraag waarom de overheid zo lang heeft gelogen over dit onderwerp, antwoordde Elizondo dat er een ‘taboe’ heerst rond UFO’s.
“Het is een feit dat ze hier zijn,” zei hij. “We weten alleen niet wat het zijn, waar ze vandaan komen en door wie ze worden bestuurd.”
Zijn UFO’s afkomstig uit andere landen of komen ze uit de ruimte?
Zeer onwaarschijnlijk
Elizondo zei dat de kans klein is dat ze uit het buitenland komen. “We beschikken op dit moment over de meest geavanceerde wapensystemen op aarde en kunnen onderscheid maken tussen een 737, een MiG-25 of F-22.”
“We kunnen zelfs zien van welke vliegmaatschappij een vliegtuig is en om welk type het gaat,” vervolgde hij.
“Het is dus zeer onwaarschijnlijk dat een buitenlandse vijand zoiets kan hebben ontwikkeld,” benadrukte Elizondo.
UFO-wrakstukken
Hij zei dat hij ervan overtuigd is dat de Amerikaanse overheid materiaal afkomstig van deze objecten in bezit heeft.
“Denk je dat de Amerikaanse overheid op dit moment UFO-wrakstukken bewaart?” vroeg Carlson.
“Ik moet oppassen met wat ik zeg,” reageerde Elizondo. “Ik kan niet verder in detail treden, maar simpel gezegd: ja.”
Unidentified Flying Objects – UFOs – have been in the news a lot recently. From when the Pentagon decided to change the rules on reporting UFOs to the Mexican Air Force videoing UFO sightings and even the U.S. Navy reporting recent sightings, UFOs have been seen, and many think they should be believed. Now, a private citizen reports his own UFO sighting, and he just happened to get it on video.
Daniel Patterson, a man from Liberty, North Carolina, claims that he has a video of a UFO in real-time and not just any video. It was a Facebook live video. In other words, he was already capturing something on video in January of 2019, when he just happened to capture the UFO too.
According to Patterson, he wasn’t even paying attention when he captured the flying object.
Instead, he was taping something about the universe when “something whizzed by his head.”
It was only when someone else brought the object to his attention that he looked to see what it was on the video. He said:
“I didn’t know it was there it was brought to my attention by someone else that’s on in the video and said, ‘Hey Dan, did you see the UFO?’ and I said no.”
For North Carolina, this isn’t an unusual experience.
According to the National UFO Reporting Center, North Carolina sees about 3,000 reports per year of UFO sightings. Although the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON) says the method they use to track UFOs and reports is “more scientific.” MUFONs North Carolina State Director, David Glidewell, says that he analyzes photos and videos of reported UFOs in addition to training people to do the same. Often, he says, what people think are UFOs turn out to be airplanes, birds, bugs, drones or even lens flares – glares on the camera lenses.
He went on to say:
“But there’s about two to three percent of the cases a year that there is actually something that’s really strange. You look for those golden nuggets.”
One recent report from North Carolina, posted on the MUFON website, is classified as “unknown-other” that notes:
“…A low-flying, square-shaped object that moved directly overhead according to testimony in Case 91103 from the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON) reporting database.”
According to the notes, the person – MUFON calls them witnesses — who reported the object said they were driving to work just after 11 p.m. EST when she saw bright lights. The witness said they thought it was someone’s house in the mountains. But the closer the witness got to the mountain, there was a “separation between the lights and the mountain.”
“It was very low and didn’t make a bit of noise. It was wide cause there were a light on each end and also about six-to-eight in the middle. I couldn’t tell if it was long cause there were no lights. It wasn’t fogy but this was really weird.”
The statement goes on to say that there wasn’t any fog in the area, but there was some around the object, and that:
“I say fog because I couldn’t smell any smoke. It wasn’t thick and I could see the lights clearly. It floated in a straight line from when I first noticed it and where I stopped, it floated right over me.”
The witness then attempted to get a picture of the lights but reported that the phone didn’t have data, so it wouldn’t work. Instead, the person drew a picture and described what they saw.
For Patterson, however, seeing the UFO on the video was something of a “spiritual experience.” Or, he said, maybe it’s some sort of technology that’s not privy to us, and “maybe something from history that’s been kept a secret.”
MUFON is currently investigating Patterson’s report but has yet to determine what, if anything, was on the video. Whether it is a true “unidentified flying object” that is unknown to humans or something that glared on the lens of the video camera, one thing is for sure. The alleged UFO sightings are strange occurrences, and the increased reports indicate that they’re happening much more frequently. This is probably enough to make anyone question the existence of UFOs and extraterrestrial life, even the most die-hard skeptic.
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Alleged NASA hacker Claims The US Has Deep Space Warships
Alleged NASA hacker Claims The US Has Deep Space Warships
According to a hacker who is facing a ten-year legal battle after breaking into NASA computers, the United States has a fully operational fleet of Space Warships. Gary McKinnon, firmly believes that he came across the ultimate information that proves the US have a secret space program operated by the navy with fully operational warships that operate in Space.
In a new interview on UFO channel Richplanet TV, McKinnon finally reveals the entire truth about his findings saying: ‘I kept going for months and months. I kept thinking, ‘They’re going to close this door’.
McKinnon said that he used a software called Landsearch which allowed him to search all files and folders of interest to him.
‘I scanned and looked for documents, I found an Excel spreadsheet which said, ‘Non-terrestrial officers’, states McKinnon.
‘It had ranks and names. It had tabs for ‘material transfer’ between ships.
‘I took that to be, they must have a ships based in space – the names started with U.S.S.’
Gary McKinnon is accused of mounting the biggest ever hack in the history of the United States by breaking into the computers of the Army, Air force, Navy and NASA.
During his latest interview, McKinnon describes a conversation from a former NASA whistleblower Donna Hare, who had been told by a colleague that NASA was trying to hide delicate information by “airbrushing” UFOs from their photos.
“There was a colleague, who was in another room — they all had secret clearance but they were on different projects — and she (Hare) was in this chap’s lab or room or whatever it is and he said come and take a look at this,” said McKinnon.
While there are many people who firmly believe this is yet another elaborate hoax, there have been a series of former NASA and government employees who back up the claims made by McKinnon.
According to statements from a former Marine not only have humans made it to Mars in the past, but we have developed a secret space program and flotilla that operates in space. The former US Marine, was posted on the red planet for years and his mission was to protect the five human colonies from indigenous life forms on Mars. According to the former Marine known as Captain Kaye, not only did he spend years on Mars, but he also served aboard a giant space carrier for three years. He worked for the Mars Defense Force (MDF) which is owned and operated by the Mars Colony Corporation (MCC) which is basically a conglomerate of financial institutions, government and tech companies. Kaye and his team were part of a special section of the United States Marines with a highly classified mission, protect and ensure the existence of five newly-established colonies on the surface of the red planet. The Earth Defense Force, another secret military branch has military recruits from countries such as the United States, China and Russia.
Parts of the testimony from Captain Kaye are consistent with that of Michael Relfe, another whistleblower who claims to have served 20 years tour on the red planet. Laura Magdalene Eisenhower, great-granddaughter of former President Eisenhower claims that efforts were made to recruit here onto a human colony on Mars, led by researcher Dr. Hal Puthoff.
According to “Jackie”, there are humans on Mars, and we have been on the red planet for over 20 years. ‘Jackie’, she and six other employees saw the exact same thing, suggesting this might be the evidence that proves that a secret space program did exist (or might even still).
According to ‘Jackie’ while working as part of the team downloading telemetry from the Viking Lander, she saw human setting foot on the surface of the red planet via a live feed from Mars.
In an interview with Coast-to-Coast AM, Jackie talked about humans on Mars, something that has been discussed among other alleged NASA employees for years.
Many Ufologists firmly believe that the statements made by the above individuals is accurate and that this information is being withheld from the general public.
Jim Marrs: What is The Secret Space Program Protecting From?
COAST TO COAST AM. According to the naval officer, the rationale for the Venus outpost was to protect the Earth. “The big question becomes, protect against who or what?”
Marrs pondered. He is less concerned with the possibility of an actual alien invasion, in which governments or the elite use technology to create the appearance of an ET invasion in order to curtail citizens’ rights. He also updated his work on hidden ancient history, as well as announced the working title for his next book: Shadow of the Illuminati.
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A Mysterious Object Punched a Hole in the Milky Way, Scientists Are Confused
A Mysterious Object Punched a Hole in the Milky Way, Scientists Are Confused
Space is full of mysteries that have remained unsolved for centuries. But recently, the cosmos has baffled the world with a new, scary abnormality. Apparently, something is tearing holes in the Milky Way, the galaxy that contains our Solar System! 😮
What if the hole in the Milky Way was torn by a supermassive black hole like the one that dwells in the center of our galaxy? If it was, it’d be a pretty scary scenario. If these two black holes got too close, they wouldn’t be able to escape each other’s gravity, and a collision might be inevitable.
And it would be an extremely violent event. But the thing is that the telescopes failed to find the source of the damage. So what could this unseen bullet be? Scientists have several theories.
Missing 411: Bow Hunters Are Now Being Found In Bizarre Circumstances
Missing 411: Bow Hunters Are Now Being Found In Bizarre Circumstances
David Paulides, known for his Missing 411 series of books, in which he documents the disappearance of people in national parks and elsewhere, also has documented cases of bow hunters' mysterious disappearances, in which they are either not found or found under very bizarre conditions.
An experienced hunter, Aaron Hedges, was hunting with friends in the 'Crazy Mountains' in Montana in 2014, and get separated from the group, but was in contact with them via radio, before he went missing.
A week after his disappearance, they found his boots and camelback in the snow, but ground searchers and dogs yielded no further evidence in the area.
Nine months later, his backpack and vest were found, 15 miles away from the other location, yet it would seem impossible that he could have traveled that distance in the snow without shoes, Paulides noted.
Silver Disk Seen Flying Over Capital Of Armenia On June 2, 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Silver Disk Seen Flying Over Capital Of Armenia On June 2, 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: June 2, 2019 Location of sighting: Yerevan, Armenia This is a great video by a Yotuber who usually only shoots landscapes. The UFO was seen over the Armenian capital city of Yerevan, flying low and at an angle. I remember Area 51 employee Bob Lazar saying that the UFO disks they had in Area S4 often had to tilt to move from place to place. That they didn't fly flat like planes would. This really stands out to me in this video of this disk being actual alien technology. So now we are confronted with a dilemma. Is this a top secret USAF craft made from alien tech that flew from the US secret island base in the Black Sea? Yeah, there is a US base there. Or is this a craft manned by another species? Armenia is only 80km from the Black Sea. I would say this is too close to the Black Sea and it looks too classic in design...so it must be a USAF secret project. Aliens gave Area S4 classic UFOs not the newer high tech advanced ones...so yep, this is US military. Scott C. Waring
Luis Elizondo, Tom DeLonge And Chris Mellon On UFOs, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Luis Elizondo, Tom DeLonge And Chris Mellon On UFOs, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Now you don't have to be an expert in the field of UFO research to make a difference. All you have to do is share the knowledge that you have learned with others. Thats what Tom Delonge and Chris Mellon are doing here. I love that. Its celebrities asking for the truth. Asking the US government to come out and reveal that intelligetent aliens are known to exist. And honestly, thats how its done, unless you want to dig deeper and find the evidence in the Gov NASA archives...which is also lots of fun. Please go to twitter and tell Tom Delonge thank you for his hard work and support on exposing the truth about aliens and UFOs. @tomdelonge Scott C. Waring-Taiwan
White Orb UFO Seen Over Las Vegas, Nevada n June 2, 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
White Orb UFO Seen Over Las Vegas, Nevada On June 2, 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: June 2, 2019 Location of sighting: Las Vegas, Nevada, USA This is a great video of the famous white UFOs frequently seen over Las Vegas area. The UFO is orb like and holding relatively still. However similar such objects are shooting around in the video at increadible speed. The other tiny objects have a white glimmer on two sides of each of them, which tells me the they are insects. The main object is no insect, so don't let them distract you from the actual UFO. I believe the eyewitness is standing on the grass looking up, in a location where many mosquitos or knots are swarming. Scott C. Waring Eyewitness states:
I thought was one but there are many ufos if you pause the video or slow down .
UFO Seen Across China Makes It Onto TV News, June 2, 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
UFO Seen Across China Makes It Onto TV News, June 2, 2019, Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: June 2, 2019 Location: China China TV News is reporting a possible UFO seen across China yesterday. The UFO was seen in the sky and reports across China came in for eyewitnesses to the event. The Chinese gov reports that military exercises were taking place this day and that what people saw was a missile launch. I have to admit the object does look similar to recorded video of NASA and SpaceX rocket launches, so I have to agree with China on this one. Looks like military exercises to me, but must have been an exciting event to witness. Scott C. Waring
UFO 3-5X Size Of Earth Exists Sun, May 23, 2019, UFO Sighting News.
UFO 3-5X Size Of Earth Exists Sun, May 23, 2019, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting:May 23, 2019 Location of sighting:Sun Source: NASA/SOHO images On May 22, I noticed two huge black circles on the northern and southern poles of our sun. I took a screenshot and the very just a few hours later on May 23, I saw a white object that was shooting out of the Northern black area of our sun. The objects color was white, indicating that it was not made of the material of our sun. If it was material from our sun, then it would be a greenish hue due to the SOHO filters. However this white color indicates its solid, but not made of the same material. Meaning...its a UFO that exited our sun. I have often said that our sun is so huge, its very likely that its hollow and has an entire planetary system (mini solar system) inside. Sounds bizarre, but really, is it? It is the most logical explanation for the exiting of this UFO. And its not like this is the first UFO I ever found exiting our sun, but more like the 20th or so. Notice at 4 min into the video is the screenshot of the sun on the 22nd of May...two huge black circles on both polar regions. Scott C. Waring-Taiwan
Aliens? Maybe not? Or, maybe it is one big conspiracy. Even if you are a hardcore doubter of the “Roswell Incident” there are some eyebrow-raising details about the incident that are a little fishy at best, attracting decades of conspiracy theories and references throughout pop-culture.
Humanity has always wondered what could potentially lurk out in the great beyond. How could there not be some form of intelligence in our infinite universe? A little over 50% of people believe in aliens in places like the UK, Germany, and the United States with only relatively small fluctuations in numbers across the world.
Just in the United States alone,16%of people have reported seeing a UFO at some point in their lives. However, the 1947 Roswell incident will go down in history as one of the most conspicuous pieces of evidence that the US government has covered up the existence ofextraterrestrial life on Earth.
On July 8, 1947, the newspaper the Roswell Daily Record published a front-page article headlined “RAAF Captures Flying Saucer On Ranch in Roswell Region”. This headline and its sudden recant has become a legend in UFO history.
The documents to the incident have actually been declassified. Today we are going to explore that incident and what the facts say and maybe you can decide for yourself what exactly happened at Roswell.
On that fateful day in 1947, the Roswell Army Air Field or RAAF issued a press release stating that a “flying disk” had crashed on a ranch near Roswell during a powerful storm. Fueling the overall legend, not too long after the event government scientists arrived in the area, triggering an immediate change to the story.
Once the government scientists had arrived, a press conference was held and that report of a flying saucer immediately changed to a crashed weather balloon. The objects taken from the crash site were said to be foil, rubber, and wood.
According to the US Army Air Force, the object was a highly classified project that would eventually go on to detect atomic bomb tests in the Soviet Union.
Recovered by a ranch worker, William Brazel, his words and description of the device is what originally had triggered the alien frenzy only to later regret his words. According to official accounts, the technology found out the site was part of an experimental technology trial codenamed Project Mogul.
According to the United States Air Force, Project Mogul was a highly classified project lead by the United States Air Force designed to detect sound waves in the upper atmosphere. The technology was born out of Cold War and Soviet Paranoia, with the eventual aim to identify sound waves from the Soviet atom bomb tests.
The technology had actually been kept quiet for obvious reasons and actually played a crucial role in Cold War surveillance of the Soviet Union. This same mystery around the device and lack of explanation during the incident further propelled the rumors of a government cover-up.
A Delayed Response
The Roswell incident did not gain national traction or even international traction until years much much later. In fact, it was until 31 years later, when The National Enquirer ran the story again without the correction, that the story became folklore. The government’s lack of information on the incident and suspicious activity towards the incident is what cemented the Roswell.
What “Really” Happened?
Years later, after the story was published again, the public jumped on the story curious about what exactly happened at that ranch just northwest of Roswell, New Mexico. Reports by newspapers of the military harassing locals who witnessed the event raised questions However, the weirdness does not end there.
In 1978, UFO researcher Stanton Friedman sent conspiracy theorists into a frenzy with an interview of Jesse Marcel, the officer who originally assessed the crash site. The officer described what he saw stating, "It was not anything from this Earth, that I'm quite sure of... I was familiar with just about all the materials used in aircraft and/or air travel. This was nothing like that...It could not have been."
“It felt like you had nothing in your hands; it wasn’t any thicker than the foil out of a pack of cigarettes. But the thing about it that got me is that you couldn’t even bend it, you couldn’t dent it, even a sledgehammer would bounce off of it… I knew that I had never seen anything like that before.”
The weirdness does not stop there. Supposed witnesses gave descriptions of alleged humanoid alien bodies 3-4 feet tall with large heads, large eyes and a hole for a nose at the crash site. Other insider witnesses who have come forward have gone on to describe things like memory metal at the Roswell site and a ship that had no engine.
What Do You Think Happened?
The Roswell cover-up is a long rabbit hole with equally conflicting and matching stories. The facts are that there was a crash that day and the government worked really hard to cover up that information. What do you think happened on that fateful day on July 8, 1947?
The U.S defense establishment, Pentagon, has admitted that it has been studying the existence of UFOs and other generalized UAP or unidentified aerial phenomena for long.
Revealing this, a Defense spokesman told New York Post that the study covering aliens was held under a secret initiative called AATIP—an abbreviation for the Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program.
“We did pursue research and investigation into unidentified aerial phenomena,” spokesman Christopher Sherwood added.
The disclosure was hailed by Nick Pope, who had investigated UFOs for the British government. He dubbed the DOD’s comments a “bombshell revelation.”
Pope is a former UK defense official. He said the revelation has erased the ambiguity that AATIP was only dealing with aviation threats from aircraft, missiles, and drones.
Sightings of alien spacecraft
Although DOD has said it scrapped the AATIP in 2012, spokesman Sherwood said probes still go on with regard to any claims over “sightings of alien spacecraft.”
“The Department of Defense is always concerned about maintaining positive identification of all aircraft in our operating environment, as well as identifying any foreign capability that may be a threat to the homeland,” Sherwood said.
John Greenewald Jr. Who runs a website The Black Vault and archives declassified government documents on UFO reports urged Pentagon to release more information about the UFO study.
The involvement of AATIP in UFO investigation was first revealed in 2017 when a 33-second DOD video showed an airborne object being pursued by two Navy jets off the coast of San Diego.
A surge in aerial intrusions
Pentagon’s revelation of UFO investigation follows reports of asurge in sightings of unidentified flyingobjects. This prompted the U.S Navy to launch formal guidelines to allow pilots to document such encounters and escalate them to higher authorities.
Many former officials hailed the step and said Navy guidelines for reporting UFOs were long overdue.
Luis Elizondo, a former intelligence officer said new Navy guidelines have helped in removing the stigma from discussing UFOs and called it “the single greatest decision the Navy made in decades.”
According to Joseph Gradisher, spokesman for the deputy chief of naval operations for information warfare, aerial intrusions have become too regular since 2014. The latest instance was an unidentified aircraft trying to enter military-designated airspace many times in a month.
Gradisher said it would “investigate each and every report” to determine who is doing it, and what their intent is.”
Two airline pilots traveling over Arizona claim they were passed by unidentified flying objects while flying at over 30,000 feet in the air, March 27, 2018. Above is a representational image.
Photo: PhotoVision/Pixabay
Chris Mellon, a former deputy assistant secretary of defense for intelligence said the intelligence community was short in “curiosity and courage” in reacting to the patterns of sightings.
He said pilots who have claimed seeing small spherical objects flying in formation were astonished by these curious objects moving with no air intake, no wind, or exhaust. He called them “mysterious and exceeding our aircraft in speed’ and a radical technology as well.
UFOs seen visiting HUGE volcano which is an ALIEN BASE - shock claim
UFOs seen visiting HUGE volcano which is an ALIEN BASE - shock claim
UFO watchers have been alerted to a pair of ‘alien probes’ spotted flying over one of the largest volcanos in Mexico and conspiracy theorists are convinced it is being used as an alien base.
Eagle eyed viewers spotted two objects hovering near Popocatepetl, near Mexico City, and some are even claiming they were dropping off ‘passengers’. The objects appear to be bright lights, one much larger than each other, and seem to be dancing around one another. As a result, alien enthusiasts believe the two crafts are working in tandem to supply the alleged alien base which is apparently up to six miles beneath the surface.
The footage was uploaded to YouTube channel UFO Mania and quickly went viral with conspiracy theorists offering opinions.
Prominent alien hunter Scott C Waring wrote on ET Database: “The large UFO and the small UFO appear to actual fly into each other on purpose, as if they both were dropping off passengers and cargo with one another.
“Why? Because its been long believed by researchers like me that there is an alien base about 4-6 miles below the surface of this volcano.”
Other people have other ideas, saying aliens could be monitoring the volcano, colloquially known as El Popo, for activity.
UFOs seen visiting HUGE volcano which is an ALIEN BASE - shock claim
(Image: GETTY • YOUTUBE)
One person commented on the original YouTube video: “The volcano starts activity/erupting and a ufo turns up. Could it be a probe sent to gather current data or is it a device sent to heighten or decrease the activity. Are we being helped or hindered?”
However, others have a more logical explanation, believing the ‘alien spaceship’ could be very much of a terrestrial nature.
One commenter wrote: “Could be a chopper investigating inside of the volcano, and or news crews?”
Do aliens live on Earth?
(Image: GETTY)
At 5,426 metres tall Popocatepetl, which is 70 kilometres away from the capital Mexico City, is the second largest volcano in North America, but experts say that it does not pose a huge threat to locals due to its usually dormant nature.
In 2017, Popocatepetl erupted for the first time since 2000 when ash was propelled a staggering three kilometres into the sky. Since then, there have been several eruptions.
UFO Investigations: Revealing Documents from HISTORY's 'Unidentified'
UFO Investigations: Revealing Documents from HISTORY's 'Unidentified'
Check back each week during the run of the show for new, behind-the-scenes documents from the Department of Defense and more
From Episode 1:
Resignation letter of Luis Elizondo
Why did Luis Elizondo, director of the Pentagon's hush-hush program investigation UAPs, or unidentified aerial phenomena, step down from his post? "It was because of my allegiance to the Department of Defense and the American people," Elizondo told HISTORY. For the full letter, read below:
From Episode 1:
Tic Tac UFO Executive Summary
This Executive Summary of the 2004 USS Nimitz “Tic Tac” event was obtained by investigative journalist George Knapp, from KLAS-TV Las Vegas. According to Knapp, the 2009 report was created for the U.S. military and includes statements from seven Navy pilots as well as radar operators. The summary notes the advanced sensors used to detect the Tic-Tac shaped craft, the exact location of Commander David Fravor’s intercept and the Tic Tac’s extraordinary capabilities. CLICK HERE TO SEE THE REDACTED 13-PAGE REPORT.
Check back next week for more insider documents from "Unidentified."
During the May 26th, 2019 edition of Coast to Coast AM, George Knapp and Luis Elizondo spoke of a Pentagon UFO hotspot map in episode two of To the Stars Academy‘s new breakthrough television series Unidentified.
George Knapp: “Gary Vorhis…I hope I’m not giving too much away, but he’s in an episode. He was a radar guy. I dont know… Im trying to remember what ship he was on, maybe he was on the Princeton too, backing up the same story. He comes close to talking about something that was underwater. That he had contact with a submarine and somebody on the sub about a sonar ping. I tried to pin down Dave Fravor about this as well, about what object was seen in the water cause there was something really big. If he hadn’t seen this really big thing that was under the water, sort of creating white caps, he may not have not seen the Tic Tac at all cause it was so small. Can you address that at all? Was there something under the water, or are you going to dodge me like Dave Fravor did?
Luis Elizondo: You know what? As I’ve said before in a few…the few times I’ve spoken publicly, there seems to be some interesting correlations, and in my resignation to the Secretary of Defense, one of them was potentially our nuclear capabilities, and I won’t go into detail about that but certainly you can imagine why that would be important. But there also seems to be some very interesting…some congruences as it relates to water. Now does that mean large bodies of water, small bodies of water, running bodies of water? You know of course there is still a lot of unknowns. But there is reporting out there, alot of reporting in fact, that for some reason UAP activity is associated many many times near or above water.
George Knapp: “Um, I guess that’s all I’m going to get out of you. Let me try it this way…So this is kind of a hint from episode two, if you can talk about it. There is a UFO map. It is created by and for the Pentagon. It will be shown for the first time, highlights…I guess you could call it UFO/UAP hotspots…anything you can say about it?”
Luis Elizondo: “Um, I can say that it’s an authentic map, that is correct, and there were areas designated where UAP activity had been observed.”
AATIP’s use of hotspot maps is interesting. The majority of researchers subscribe to the idea that hotspots exist, but UFO hotspots have been a debated topic. Dr. Eric Davis and possibly the National Institute for Discovery Science (NIDS) organization didn’t seem to agree with the notion after studying it, saying that you could throw a dart on a map randomly and find a hotspot. However, and possibly before coming to that conclusion, they investigated Skinwalker Ranch among other hotspot areas.
Martin Willis: “And you know, the thing that I’ve always thought as I’ve looked at this subject over the years, is that it is so strange that there is reoccurring what they call ‘flaps’ or whatever. You know, it just makes you wonder why they’re in one area. You know, it’s a big world to explore.”
Anthony Lappé: “And that is one of the topics that we actually get into. That’s a really good point. That is one of the questions that we ask because we clearly are seeing that there are some sort of what they call ‘hotspots’ for these incidents that are happening in certain parts of the world. And even as, I believe you see in episode one (two), AATIP even created a map in 2009 that we reveal that shows some of…just a very small smattering of plot points on a global map where the military had reporting seeing incidents. So that is one of the enduring mysteries of this whole thing which is fascinating and we delve into that question. Again, probably raising more questions than we have answers, but we definitely are…this show I hope will push the needle forward in this conversation…”
Now the History Channel and Unidentified have seemed to release a version of the map:
Is this just a generalized promotional graphic or does this represent the actual Pentagon map displaying AATIP’s findings?
Detractors of TTSA’s efforts and critics of the show have speculated wildly, claimed and even hoped that Unidentified would not include any new information, thus being written off quickly and forgotten – proving their disparaging comments right and returning the UFO research community to the doldrums of previous decades where the flow of information was much slower, and sometimes nonexistent. A place where they apparently feel comfortable and thrive in. But we do not.
I expect there will be serious information bombs dropped (including the map) in the show, or surrounding it, that will change the UFO “conversation” as Luis Elizondo has stated. If the recent Navy reporting guideline changes, the Pentagon admitting AATIP studied UFOs, and the blockbuster NY Times article (elements of which have appeared in Silva Record over the past days and months – before the NY Times – thanks to public comments from TTSA, Lue Elizondo, Chris Mellon, George Knapp, Dave Fravor, Jeremy Corbell, Dr. Eric Davis and Dave Beaty) aren’t enough to do so, then maybe unverified but seemingly solid rumors of partnerships between TTSA and Lockheed Martin/Boeing coming to fruition will. Highly plausible partnership scenarios aside, Unidentified will have already released new information immediately proving the detractors wrong in episode two, namely the Pentagon/AATIP UFO hotspot map. Episode two is also slated to discuss trans-medium travel, or the ability to travel through space, air and water almost equally. An ability no known man-made technology possesses. Less than two years ago we would have never imagined the pentagon releasing gun camera footage of UFOs/UAP. Since then, the Navy has admitted multiple sightings and interactions with UFOs around each coast of the United States and the middle east. Apparently in episode two we will also be able to confirm the government’s ufo program, AATIP, tracked these occurrences in many more locations than previously known. An admittance of a government UAP hotspot map by ex-government employees is shocking and yet another piece we can fit into the greater confirmation/disclosure puzzle.
Is this the map featured in episode two or just a promotional version? We will have to wait until June 7th to find out.
Is the truth really out there? It's an age-old question, with reports of UFOs going back decades. We looked back at actual UFO and alien investigations by the U.S. and other countries. Check it out!
1. Projects Sign and Grudge – 1948-1951
Shutterstock
Many accounts of UFOs in the United States describe something called the Roswell incident. Local accounts of a "flying saucer" landing near Roswell, New Mexico, in 1947 led to many alien conspiracy theories, but the U.S. Air Force denied an E.T. connection. In the 1990s, the Air Force said the object was actually a balloon that was searching for Soviet Union nuclear test signals under Project Mogul.
However, the incident did prompt official U.S. investigations into unidentified flying objects in the next few years. A report published for the U.S. Air Force's Project Sign (1948-1949) stated that the things people saw were "real" but that at least "some of the incidents may be caused by natural phenomena" and others may be related to domestic or foreign aircraft. The Air Force's Project Grudge, which issued a report in 1949 prior to its shutdown in 1951, continued the investigation but found no conclusive evidence of UFOs.
2. Project Blue Book – 1952-1969
U.S. Air Force
Project Blue Book was yet another program from the U.S. Air Force, following up on Projects Sign and Grudge. The program conducted a series of studies between 1952 and 1969 to figure out if UFOs could hurt national security and to search for UFO data. More than 10,000 of those case files are freely available on the Internet Archive.
According to Encyclopedia Britannica, investigators ultimately collected more than 12,000 sightings and classified them as either "identified" (meaning the events could be explained by astronomical, atmospheric or human phenomena) or "unidentified." That category made up about 6 percent of the total number of reported cases.
3. The Condon Committee – 1966-1968
Dutton
The Condon Committee, more formally known as the University of Colorado UFO Project, was a group funded by the Air Force that looked at UFOs under leadership from physicist Edward Condon. The group re-examined the information from Project Blue Book and published its efforts in the "Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects" (also known as the Condon Report) in 1968.
According to How Stuff Works, the Condon Report found that about one-third of the cases couldn't be explained, even though the introduction stated that "further extensive study of UFOs probably cannot be justified on the expectation that science will be advanced thereby."
Some reports say that the ultimate purpose of the report was to stop U.S. investigations into UFOs. Whether or not that was true, Blue Book ceased operations in 1969, the year after the Condon Report was released.
4. Project Ozma – 1960
Chris Dorst/AP
Project Ozma stands out because it was the first time humans tried to look for radio signals from outside of the solar system. (It was named after the imaginary land of Oz in the 1900 book "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" and the 1939 film "The Wizard of Oz.") Funding came from the National Science Foundation.
According to the SETI Institute, for this project, radio astronomer Frank Drake chose to examine the stars Tau Ceti in the constellation Cetus (the Whale) and Epsilon Eridani in the constellation Eridanus (the River). These stars were monitored at the 21-centimeter (8.3 inches) emission line for 6 hours a day, from April to July 1960. No signal was found, except for "an early false alarm caused by a secret military experiment," the SETI Institute stated.
5. NASA's SETI – 1970s-1993
Shutterstock
SETI is a term for a group of researchers who participate in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence. NASA conducted SETI searches using the Arecibo and Goldstone antennas starting in the 1970s. The program was canceled in 1993, shortly after observations officially started. (NASA renamed the program the High Resolution Microwave Survey program late in its existence, which some say was done to mask that it was actually a SETI program.)
However, SETI searches still exist informally at universities around the world. The SETI Institute in California was founded in 1984 and uses private funding. In 2007, the Allen Telescope Array, which is devoted to observations from the SETI Institute, opened with the help of funding from Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen. It continues observations to this day.
6. NASA Astrobiology Institute – 1998-present
NASA
While astrobiology doesn't focus on UFOs, it does examine under what circumstances life, from microbial to intelligent, could arise. The NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI) seeks to encourage researchers to collaborate across disciplines to answer a range of questions: Is life possible on icy moons? What kind of microbes could survive the extreme conditions of Mars? What is the habitable zone of a star?
NAI is only one of six branches of NASA's astrobiology program. The rest are called the Exobiology and Evolutionary Biology Program, Planetary Science and Technology Through Analog Research, the Planetary Instrument Concepts for the Advancement of Solar System Observations (PICASSO), the Maturation of Instruments for Solar System Exploration (MatISSE), and the Habitable Worlds Program.
7. Advanced Aviation Threat Identification Program - 2007-2012
Shutterstock
In December 2017, the U.S. government's research into UFOs received global attention when reports emerged of a secret Department of Defense program(called the Advanced Aviation Threat Identification Program, or AATIP) that ran from at least 2007 to 2012. The program tracked reports of UFOs, including descriptions of some strange aerial activities that two Navy pilots said they saw in 2004. Luis Elizondo, the former head of the program, told several media outlets that we may not be alone.
AATIP is only the most recent example in decades of work by the U.S. government looking into the unexplained.
If that's not enough to satisfy your UFO appetite, you can look at unclassified documents from the National Security Agency and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Other government agencies reportedly have files as well, such as the Defense Intelligence Agency.
For international efforts, Emma Best (who publishes regularly on the government-transparency website MuckRock) has requested thousands of pages of U.S. government documents under the Freedom of Information Act. Her website alone — which claims it has the largest collection of UFO-related documents in the world — lists files from governments from all over the world, including Australia, Brazil, Britain, Canada, Denmark, France, New Zealand, Panama and Spain. (Other governments that were listed, but with no uploaded files on this site, included Ecuador, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland and Uruguay.)
Academic Says UFOs Exist, But That Doesn't Mean 'Aliens' Do
( Ava-Leigh/iStock)
Academic Says UFOs Exist, But That Doesn't Mean 'Aliens' Do
DANIEL W. DREZNER, THE WASHINGTON POST
The term "UFO" automatically triggers derision in most quarters of polite society.
One of Christopher Buckley's better satires, "Little Green Men", is premised on a George F. Will-type pundit thinking that he has been abducted by aliens, with amusing results. UFOs have historically been associated with crackpot ideas like Big Foot or conspiracy theories involving crop circles.
The obvious reason for this is that the term "UFO" is usually assumed to be a synonym for "extraterrestrial life." If you think about it, this is odd. UFO literally stands for "unidentified flying object."
A UFO is not necessarily an alien from another planet. It is simply a flying object that cannot be explained away through conventional means. Because UFOs are usually brought up only to crack jokes, however, they have been dismissed for decades.
One of the gutsiest working paper presentations I have witnessed was Alexander Wendt and Raymond Duvall presenting a draft version of "Sovereignty and the UFO."
In that paper, eventually published in the journal Political Theory, Wendt and Duvall argued that state sovereignty as we understand it is anthropocentric, or "constituted and organized by reference to human beings alone."
They argued that the real reason UFOs have been dismissed is because of the existential challenge that they pose for a worldview in which human beings are the most technologically advanced life-forms:
UFOs have never been systematically investigated by science or the state, because it is assumed to be known that none are extraterrestrial. Yet in fact this is not known, which makes the UFO taboo puzzling given the ET possibility.... The puzzle is explained by the functional imperatives of anthropocentric sovereignty, which cannot decide a UFO exception to anthropocentrism while preserving the ability to make such a decision. The UFO can be "known" only by not asking what it is.
When Wendt and Duvall made this argument, there were a lot of titters in the audience. I chuckled, too. Nonetheless, their paper makes a persuasive case that UFOs certainly exist, even if they are not necessarily ETs.
For them, the key is that no official authority takes seriously the idea that UFOs can be extraterrestrials. As they note, "considerable work goes into ignoring UFOs, constituting them as objects only of ridicule and scorn."
In recent years, however, there has been a subtle shift that poses some interesting questions for their argument.
For one thing, discussion of actual UFOs has been the topic of some serious mainstream media coverage.
There was the December 2017 New York Times story by Helene Cooper, Ralph Blumenthal and Leslie Kean about the Defense Department's Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program, which was tasked with cataloguing UFOs recorded by military pilots. DoD officials confirmed its existence.
Though this story generated some justified skepticism, it represented the first time the US government acknowledged the existence of such a program.
Oumuamua's shape and trajectory were unusual enough for some genuine astrophysicists to publish a paper suggesting the possibility that it was an artificial construction relying on a solar sail.
Again, this prompted skeptical reactions, but even those skeptics could not completely rule out the possibility that extraterrestrial activity was involved.
The strange objects, one of them like a spinning top moving against the wind, appeared almost daily from the summer of 2014 to March 2015, high in the skies over the East Coast. Navy pilots reported to their superiors that the objects had no visible engine or infrared exhaust plumes, but that they could reach 30,000 feet and hypersonic speeds.
"These things would be out there all day," said Lt. Ryan Graves, an F/A-18 Super Hornet pilot who has been with the Navy for 10 years, and who reported his sightings to the Pentagon and Congress. "Keeping an aircraft in the air requires a significant amount of energy. With the speeds we observed, 12 hours in the air is 11 hours longer than we'd expect."....
No one in the Defense Department is saying that the objects were extraterrestrial, and experts emphasize that earthly explanations can generally be found for such incidents. Lieutenant Graves and four other Navy pilots, who said in interviews with The New York Times that they saw the objects in 2014 and 2015 in training maneuvers from Virginia to Florida off the aircraft carrier Theodore Roosevelt, make no assertions of their provenance.
The Times reporters broke new ground by getting pilots on record. What is interesting about this latest news cycle, however, is that DoD officials are not behaving as Wendt and Duvall would predict.
Indeed, Politico's Bryan Bender reported last month that, "The US Navy is drafting new guidelines for pilots and other personnel to report encounters with 'unidentified aircraft,' a significant new step in creating a formal process to collect and analyze the unexplained sightings - and destigmatize them."
My Post colleague Deanna Paul followed up by reporting that "Luis Elizondo, a former senior intelligence officer, told The Post that the new Navy guidelines formalized the reporting process, facilitating data-driven analysis while removing the stigma from talking about UFOs, calling it 'the single greatest decision the Navy has made in decades.'"
What appears to be happening is that official organs of the state are now acknowledging that UFOs exist, even if they are not literally using the term. They are doing so because enough pilots are reporting UFOs and near-air collisions so as to warrant better record-keeping.
They are not saying that these UFOs are extraterrestrials, but they are trying to destigmatize the reporting of a UFO.
Still, the very fact that this step has been taken somewhat weakens the Wendt and Duvall thesis. This was always a two-step process: (a) Acknowledge that UFOs exist; and (b) Consider that the UFOs might be ETs.
In recent years, the US national security bureaucracy has met the first criterion. What happens to our understanding of the universe if great powers meet that second one?
Daniel W. Drezner is a professor of international politics at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University.
Opinions expressed in this article don't necessarily reflect the views of ScienceAlert editorial staff.
Fettuccini or capellini, anyone? Microbial mats in the Mammoth Springs hot springs in Yellowstone look a lot like a bowl of pasta.
Credit: Bruce W. Fouke
To find life on Mars, scientists should keep their eyes peeled for pasta.
Hot-spring-loving microbes create rock formations that look like fettuccini or capellini, according to a new NASA-funded study published online April 30 in the journal Astrobiology. Such pasta-shaped formations could be the first clues to life on other planets, said study author Bruce Fouke, a geobiologist at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
"If we go to another planet with a rover, we would love to see living microbes or we'd love to see little green women and men in spacecraft," Fouke told Live Science. "But the reality is we're going to be looking for life that was probably growing in a hot spring, life that was fossilized." [9 Strange, Scientific Excuses for Why Humans Haven't Found Aliens Yet]
Hot pasta
To investigate what this extraterrestrial life might look like, Fouke and his team started at Mammoth Hot Springs in Yellowstone National Park. At this popular tourist spot, hot geothermal water rich in minerals flows from the ground. The minerals precipitate out of the water, creating striking formations made of calcium carbonate, also known as travertine.
Microbes lurking in Yellowstone's hot springs create rock formations that look a lot like fettuccini or capellini.
Credit: Bruce W. Fouke
But these formations don't get their shape in a vacuum, Fouke said. They're built, in part, by microbes. In the new study, the researchers focused on the fast-flowing, particularly hot water at the head of the mineral springs. Here, the water ranges in temperature from 149 degrees to 162 degrees Fahrenheit (65 to 72 degrees Celsius) and has a low pH of 6.2 to 6.8, meaning it's more acidic than basic.
The researchers worked in careful conjunction with the National Parks Service, to avoid damaging the rock formations, taking samples of filamentous microbe mats that thrive in these waters. The mats look like long, mucus-y pasta strands. This is an adaptation, Fouke said. In calm waters, microbes settle out in slimy, unconsolidated mats. But in rushing water, the organisms have to cling to one another to survive. Each thread consists of trillions of microbes hanging on to each other for dear life. [The 7 Harshest Environments on Earth]
The researchers studied the genomes and protein production of their microbe samples. They discovered that 98% of the microbes living in these hot, fast-moving waters belong to a species called Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense, or "sulfuri" for short.
Sulfuri on the edge
Sulfuri is found in hot springs around the world, Fouke said, and lives by breaking down sulfur and using the resulting energy. The species evolved 2.5 billion years ago, when Earth's atmosphere contained barely any oxygen. That makes sulfuri likely very similar to any life that might have existed on ancient Mars, said Mayandi Sivaguru, a biologist at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and a co-author of the study.
If something like sulfuri did exist on another planet, it would have left fingerprints. In hot springs, change is a constant, Sivaguru told Live Science. Cooling geothermal waters constantly deposit minerals. But sulfuri, the researchers discovered, actively encourages this change. Proteins on the microbes' surfaces encourage the growth of calcium-carbonate crystals. Thus, the travertine that forms in the presence of sulfuri at Mammoth Hot Springs grows a billion times faster than travertine in other environments, Fouke said.
"It's an instant microbial fossil factory," he said.
Sulfuri survives by growing just a little bit faster than the minerals that get deposited around it, the researchers said. What's more, it uses the pasta-shaped rock to survive. Filaments of the microbes attach to the ridges formed by their fossilized compatriots, which boosts the microbes into very shallow water that contains the low levels of oxygen the microbes need to survive. (They die without oxygen, Fouke said, but they also die if exposed to the level of oxygen in air.)
Though any extraterrestrial microbe living in hot springs on another world would be a different species than sulfuri, it would probably have a similar lifestyle, Fouke said — it would have to, given the limited number of ways to make life work in such an extreme environment. Thus, the protein and genetic analyses done by the team would provide a benchmark for an alien comparison, should some future rover pick up a pasta-looking rock on a far-flung planet.
"It's the first study to ever have this kind of in-depth analysis of the environment, the rock deposits and also the omics," Fouke said, referring to the proteomics, transcriptomics and genomics that the researchers used to delve into the microbes' genetics, protein production and other biological processes. "That means now, for the first time, when we have a rock that is fettuccini-looking travertine, if that rock is collected and analyzed on Mars, we have the full suite of these extremely cutting-edge analyses for the microbes."
Fresh observations of Comet 46P/Wirtanen, which swung by Earth in December 2018, suggest that more of Earth's water came from comets than previous studies suggested.
How Earth got its oceans is a field of active debate. While comets are icy bodies that contain water, previous studies showed that the ratio of elements in many comets' ice is different than elements contained in terrestrial water. But in the absence of comet deliveries, it's hard to say where Earth's water came from.
"According to the standard theory, the Earth is thought to have formed from the collision of small celestial bodies known as planetesimals," officials from the French space agency CNRS, which participated in the research, said in a statement. "Since such bodies were poor in water, Earth's water must have been delivered either by a larger planetesimal, or by a shower of smaller objects such as asteroids or comets."
Researchers use a metric called isotopic ratios to learn what kind of water lies in different space objects, particularly the ratio of deuterium (a heavier form of hydrogen) to hydrogen. So far, studies of comets indicated this "D/H ratio" (as scientists call it) of comets was three times that of ocean water on Earth. This implies that comets crashing into Earth provided only 10% of our planet's water.
But this new study, based on observations of Comet 46P/Wirtanen in December 2018, shows that the family of comets it belongs to, known as "hyperactive comets," has water with a similar D/H ratio as water on Earth. But the research gets even more intriguing when taking into account how comets lose ice as these frigid bodies draw closer to the sun.
Most comets originate in an area of the solar system known as the Oort Cloud, a region of icy objects beyond the orbit of Neptune. Occasionally, a gravitational perturbation — perhaps a star passing by at some distance — moves one of these bodies closer to the sun. As the comet approaches the sun, the cometary ice sublimates, or passes directly from a frozen form into a gas. Often this sublimation produces a large tail that stretches for thousands of miles, or kilometers.
Researchers examined Comet 46P/Wirtanen to see what happened as it drew close to the Earth (and the sun) in December 2018. They used the SOFIA airborne observatory, which is carried aboard a Boeing aircraft that flies above much of Earth's atmosphere — providing a better view of space objects.
As a "hyperactive" comet, 46P releases more water than what is available on the surface of the comet's nucleus. That's because 46P has a lot of ice-rich particles in its atmosphere that have previously been released from the nucleus, according to a statement from SOFIA. These particles melt as the comet draws closer to the sun, just like the comet's surface does.
The new study gave more insight into why hyperactive comets have isotopic ratios similar to Earth water. Specifically, the researchers discovered a correlation between the comet's D/H ratio and its active fraction — that is, the fraction of the nucleus service needed to provide the water in the comet's atmosphere. Scientists found that the more hyperactive a comet is, the more its D/H ratio resembles Earth water — so comets that produce more water vapor from ice-rich atmospheric particles than from their nucleus have water more like Earth's.
Many comets, however, are not hyperactive and do not have ice in their atmosphere available to melt; instead, all the ice seen in their atmosphere comes directly from the surface. However, the D/H ratio in the surface ice of these other comets may not reflect what melts in the atmosphere — something about ice sublimating from the surface may favor particular isotopes, skewing the ratio, according to the SOFIA statement.
"If this hypothesis is correct, the water in all cometary nuclei may in fact be very similar to terrestrial water, reopening the debate on the origin of Earth's oceans," the research team added in the CNRS statement.
A study based on the research was published March 26 in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics. The research was led by Dariusz (Darek) Lis, a scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory who also is affiliated with the Paris Observatory.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 73 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.
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