The purpose of this blog is the creation of an open, international, independent and free forum, where every UFO-researcher can publish the results of his/her research. The languagues, used for this blog, are Dutch, English and French.You can find the articles of a collegue by selecting his category. Each author stays resposable for the continue of his articles. As blogmaster I have the right to refuse an addition or an article, when it attacks other collegues or UFO-groupes.
Druk op onderstaande knop om te reageren in mijn forum
Zoeken in blog
Deze blog is opgedragen aan mijn overleden echtgenote Lucienne.
In 2012 verloor ze haar moedige strijd tegen kanker!
In 2011 startte ik deze blog, omdat ik niet mocht stoppen met mijn UFO-onderzoek.
BEDANKT!!!
Een interessant adres?
UFO'S of UAP'S, ASTRONOMIE, RUIMTEVAART, ARCHEOLOGIE, OUDHEIDKUNDE, SF-SNUFJES EN ANDERE ESOTERISCHE WETENSCHAPPEN - DE ALLERLAATSTE NIEUWTJES
UFO's of UAP'S in België en de rest van de wereld Ontdek de Fascinerende Wereld van UFO's en UAP's: Jouw Bron voor Onthullende Informatie!
Ben jij ook gefascineerd door het onbekende? Wil je meer weten over UFO's en UAP's, niet alleen in België, maar over de hele wereld? Dan ben je op de juiste plek!
België: Het Kloppend Hart van UFO-onderzoek
In België is BUFON (Belgisch UFO-Netwerk) dé autoriteit op het gebied van UFO-onderzoek. Voor betrouwbare en objectieve informatie over deze intrigerende fenomenen, bezoek je zeker onze Facebook-pagina en deze blog. Maar dat is nog niet alles! Ontdek ook het Belgisch UFO-meldpunt en Caelestia, twee organisaties die diepgaand onderzoek verrichten, al zijn ze soms kritisch of sceptisch.
Nederland: Een Schat aan Informatie
Voor onze Nederlandse buren is er de schitterende website www.ufowijzer.nl, beheerd door Paul Harmans. Deze site biedt een schat aan informatie en artikelen die je niet wilt missen!
Internationaal: MUFON - De Wereldwijde Autoriteit
Neem ook een kijkje bij MUFON (Mutual UFO Network Inc.), een gerenommeerde Amerikaanse UFO-vereniging met afdelingen in de VS en wereldwijd. MUFON is toegewijd aan de wetenschappelijke en analytische studie van het UFO-fenomeen, en hun maandelijkse tijdschrift, The MUFON UFO-Journal, is een must-read voor elke UFO-enthousiasteling. Bezoek hun website op www.mufon.com voor meer informatie.
Samenwerking en Toekomstvisie
Sinds 1 februari 2020 is Pieter niet alleen ex-president van BUFON, maar ook de voormalige nationale directeur van MUFON in Vlaanderen en Nederland. Dit creëert een sterke samenwerking met de Franse MUFON Reseau MUFON/EUROP, wat ons in staat stelt om nog meer waardevolle inzichten te delen.
Let op: Nepprofielen en Nieuwe Groeperingen
Pas op voor een nieuwe groepering die zich ook BUFON noemt, maar geen enkele connectie heeft met onze gevestigde organisatie. Hoewel zij de naam geregistreerd hebben, kunnen ze het rijke verleden en de expertise van onze groep niet evenaren. We wensen hen veel succes, maar we blijven de autoriteit in UFO-onderzoek!
Blijf Op De Hoogte!
Wil jij de laatste nieuwtjes over UFO's, ruimtevaart, archeologie, en meer? Volg ons dan en duik samen met ons in de fascinerende wereld van het onbekende! Sluit je aan bij de gemeenschap van nieuwsgierige geesten die net als jij verlangen naar antwoorden en avonturen in de sterren!
Heb je vragen of wil je meer weten? Aarzel dan niet om contact met ons op te nemen! Samen ontrafelen we het mysterie van de lucht en daarbuiten.
If lightning exists on Mars, it may be less energetic and frequent than lightning on Earth, all because of the Red Planet's thin air, a new study finds.
Scientists announced the first evidence of lightning on Mars in 2009, after they detected microwave emissions from a 2006 dust storm on the Red Planet that the researchers suggested came from sudden, huge electrical discharges.
However, subsequent research failed to find radio evidence of lightning in Martian dust storms, despite five years of data collected by Europe's Mars Express spacecraft and three months of data from the Allen Telescope Array in California.
To investigate why thunderbolts are rare on Mars, scientists focused on the kind of lightning that dust storms could generate. Sand grains and other particles in these storms can build up electric charge through the "triboelectric effect," the same effect behind everyday static electricity. When two objects repeatedly collide with or rub against one another, the surface of one material can steal electrons from the surface of the other, accumulating charge.
In the new study, scientists experimented with grains of basalt, a dark volcanic rock common in the crust of Mars. The researchers placed spherical grains about 1 to 2 millimeters wide on a plate that vibrated for 30 minutes to generate triboelectric charge. Scientists extracted grains from a hole in the center of the plate to measure their level of electric charge.
The researchers varied the air pressure in the chamber in which the experiment took place from 0.03 millibars to 80 millibars. In comparison, the average atmospheric pressure on Mars is 6 millibars, ranging from less than 1 millibar at the highest Martian volcanic peaks to more than 10 millibars in the Red Planet's deep valleys. On Earth, the average atmospheric pressure is about 1,000 millibars at sea level.
The scientists found that electric charge had difficulty accumulating on the basalt grains at low air pressures. All in all, the electric charge on the grains at Martian air pressure was at least five times smaller than at the highest pressure tested, and it was smaller still compared to the average atmospheric pressure at sea level on Earth. Essentially, at the atmospheric pressure on Mars, "tribocharging works the least for sand-sized grains," study lead author Gerhard Wurm, a planetary scientist at the University of Duisburg-Essen in Germany, told Space.com.
On Earth, other phenomena, such as cosmic rays from deep space or ultraviolet radiation from the sun, can also generate the electric charge needed for lightning. However, these mechanisms are likely not strong enough on Mars to help generate lightning there, Wurm said.
The scientists detailed their findings in the October 2019 issue of the journal Icarus.
THE MANDELA EFFECT: CERN AND HIDDEN, PARALLEL UNIVERSES
THE MANDELA EFFECT: CERN AND HIDDEN, PARALLEL UNIVERSES
By: Paul Wagner
The concept of The Mandela Effect is simple. Over time, a few minor details surrounding significant events, and therefore our perception of these events, might somehow change and may continue to improve in the years ahead.
In other words, the tried and true spacetime continuum that appears to be the backbone of our collective, three-dimensional, physical reality might have a ripple in it. It also may have produced a sister, parallel universe, which has birthed different scenarios, events, identities, constructs, and relationships.
It might also be true that our tiny, insignificant brains are slowly evaporating and can no longer handle every detail that flashes across our eyes. As we forget events, out of fear, we attempt to reassemble them in our imperfect minds.
Given that we’re all probably of the same species, each of our brains might make mistakes that are akin to the next, especially when it comes to certain types of events and sets of details.
It’s important to consider that our brains are continually comparing, analyzing and constructing ideas and memories to justify their notions of reality, often from poorly assembled concepts and thin air. Given that, it might be fair to say that all brains build memories and memory-bridges with similar strategies and outcomes.
All this to say that because of our shared DNA, our brains will construct similar data sets and similar conclusions.
Maybe this is the question we’ve yet to ask: Have large groups of people moved backward or forwards in time, witnessed potential trajectories, returned to their primary spacetime paths, and then somehow integrated all collected information into new perspectives, refreshed with new sets of details?
“IF (QUANTUM THEORY) IS CORRECT, IT SIGNIFIES THE END OF PHYSICS AS A SCIENCE.”
— Albert Einstein
Whether you believe The Mandela Effect to be fact or fiction, the growing number of shared perspectives across a variety of ideas and events, and inclusive of a broad spectrum of socioeconomic backgrounds, is compelling.
EXAMPLES OF THE MANDELA EFFECT
There are growing numbers of experiences of The Mandela Effect, across a long list of categories. Here are a few potentially shifted events that caught my eyes:
Trump is president in the only reality vs. Trump is president solely in what has emerged as an alternate reality
Nelson Mandela Died in 2013 vs. died in prison
It’s a Beautiful Day in THIS Neighborhood vs. THE Neighborhood
Berenstain Bears vs. Berenstein Bears
Death of Billy Graham in 2018 vs. him dying years ago with President Clinton giving a eulogy
King Henry VIII’s portrait holding a glove vs. Turkey Leg
Mother Theresa Canonized post-mortem vs. in the 1990s
Rock group “Queen” song ending with “We are the champions” vs. “of the world.”
Sex AND The City vs. Sex IN The City
JIF Peanut Butter vs. JIFFY Peanut Butter
Curious George without a tail vs. with a tail
C-3PO with silver leg vs. gold leg
Oscar Mayer vs. Oscar Meyer
Patrick Swayze died of pancreatic cancer vs. he fully recovered
Monopoly Man with monocle vs. without monocle
Hannibal Lecter’s statement, “Well, Clarice, have the lambs stopped screaming?” vs.”Hello, Clarice.”
Many have also reported this same effect or dissonance in their personal lives, whereby a baby’s birthday or sets of event details slightly shifted over time.
“THE PURPOSE OF QUANTUM COMPUTING BASED COMPASSIONATE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IS TO DEVELOP INTEGRATED SYSTEMS THAT CAN PRESERVE AND ENHANCE HUMAN VALUES OF PEACE, LOVE, HAPPINESS, AND FREEDOM.”
― Amit Ray, Compassionate Artificial Super-intelligence
SCIENTISTS ON THE MANDELA EFFECT
To consider some of the thoughts from the scientific community, one must first know the definition of spacetime.
Spacetime consists of mathematical models that merge the three dimensions of space with the one dimension of time (which we have all come to agree-upon), resulting in a single four-dimensional continuum. In other words, given our agreements on how time moves and how we all move through three-dimensional space, we are all living within an agreed-upon four-dimensional reality.
Here are a few science-related notions that might have given birth to the existence or the milieu of ideas related to The Mandela Effect:
TIME TRAVEL
Time travel might provide us with the ability to experience a variety of our unique, potential, life trajectories. Here’s how that might work:
We’re already traveling through time, only forwards. This means that time-travel relative to other people also exists, which includes walking together.
If the whole universe was spinning, which it’s not, time loops would emerge, which would give us the ability to choose from a variety of time loops to experience some of our other potential life trajectories.
Since wormholes are bridges through spacetime, we could use them to travel into the past or the future. The challenge here is that we don’t know how to build wormholes. Further, we would need negative energies or exotic matter to do this, which we don’t fully understand and have not yet created.
This doesn’t mean that aliens and biengs from other dimensions are not already building wormholes which could be affecting our current perspective of reality and giving birth to additional spacetime loops and potentialities.
Quantum computing utilizes the fluctuation of atomic and subatomic particles as they morph from one state to another. While prior computers used bits and bytes to quantify processing power, quantum computers use qubits or quantum bits. While a bit can be found at either of the two poles within a sphere, a qubit can be found anywhere within that sphere.
For a quantum computer’s storage size, processing power and computation, it means that there will be infinite space, infinite power, infinite logic gates, and infinite computational possibilities, far outpacing today’s limited, classic computer architecture. When we enter the quantum computing arena, traditional laws of physics and particle theory no longer apply.
While this all sounds fascinating, quantum computing comes with challenges and potential nightmares. These fascinating machines do not always surpass every classical algorithm, and there is no known problem for which quantum computers outperform every traditional rival.
The quantum theory related to The Mandela Effect goes something like this: As quantum computers interact with the various states of the atomic and subatomic particles within their spheres, they affect other particles within the realities of different dimensions. Some say this alone could change specific details surrounding specific events.
D-WAVES
D-Wave is a category of quantum machine created by D-Wave Systems, Inc., in Canada. The company seeks to exploit the potential quantum effects inherent in their processing systems.
Currently, D-Wave machines can only handle specific tasks. While they’re a long way from exponential speed dominance over classical computers, a recent paper suggests that D-Wave’s 2000Q computer can return solutions 2600 times faster than known algorithms.
D-Wave quantum machine via nature.com
In the pursuit of this tech, scientific-minded Mandela Effect fans suggest that the intensity of the computational force from D-Wave computers could have a profound effect on particles, life, trajectories and events throughout the universe. In turn, D-Wave machines might easily create a Mandela Effect.
CERN CONSPIRACY THEORIES
Some fervent, conspiracy theorists are so confident that Switzerland’s CERN organization is at the helm of universal particle manipulation, they’ve renamed The Mandela Effect, “The Cern Mandela Effect” and “The Cern Quantum Effect.”
Established in 1954 and based in Switzerland, CERN is the European Organization for Nuclear Research. It has 22 member states/countries and has made hundreds of unique scientific discoveries, including the “God Particle,” otherwise known as Higgs Boson. CERN also invented the World Wide Web, not necessarily in partnership with Al Gore.
Because of the nature of CERN’s experiments, some believe spacetime is being unknowingly or knowingly manipulated, thereby producing Cern parallel universes.
While CERN scientists have good intentions, some say that CERN’s work is akin to GMO seed manipulation, in that it is taking risks with the foundational elements of our universe (atomic and subatomic particles) without fully understanding the potential risks.
“A CLASSICAL COMPUTATION IS LIKE A SOLO VOICE – ONE LINE OF PURE TONES SUCCEEDING EACH OTHER. QUANTUM COMPUTATION IS LIKE A SYMPHONY – MANY LINES OF TONES INTERFERING WITH ONE ANOTHER.”
― Seth Lloyd, Programming the Universe
THE PRESENT MOMENT
Time will tell whether The Mandela Effect, CERN, D-Wave and quantum computing will help us understand time-travel, particles, wormholes, changes in prior realities, and the creation of accessible time loops.
In the meantime, let’s stay in the present moment, meditate on our expansiveness, and do our best to love each other.
A MYTHICAL FORM OF SPACE PROPULSION FINALLY GETS A REAL TEST
A MYTHICAL FORM OF SPACE PROPULSION FINALLY GETS A REAL TEST
Scientists have debated for decades whether the propulsion concept known as EmDrive is real or wishful thinking. A sensitive new tool may at last provide an answer.
GETTY IMAGES
SINCE THE BIRTH of the space age, the dream of catching a ride to another solar system has been hobbled by the “tyranny of the rocket equation,” which sets hard limits on the speed and size of the spacecraft we sling into the cosmos. Even with today’s most powerful rocket engines, scientists estimate it would take 50,000 years to reach our closest interstellar neighbor, Alpha Centauri. If humans ever hope to see an alien sunrise, transit times will have to drop significantly.
Of the advanced propulsion concepts that could theoretically pull that off, few have generated as much excitement—and controversy—as the EmDrive. First described nearly two decades ago, the EmDrive works by converting electricity into microwaves and channeling this electromagnetic radiation through a conical chamber. In theory, the microwaves can exert force against the walls of the chamber to produce enough thrust to propel a spacecraft once it’s in space. At this point, however, the EmDrive exists only as a laboratory prototype, and it’s still unclear whether it’s able to produce thrust at all. If it does, the forces it generates aren’t strong enough to be registered by the naked eye, much less propel a spacecraft.
Over the past few years, however, a handful of research teams, including one from NASA, claim to have successfully produced thrust with an EmDrive. If true, it would amount to one of the biggest breakthroughs in the history of space exploration. The problem is that the thrust observed in these experiments is so small that it’s hard to tell if it’s real.
TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT DRESDEN
The resolution lies in designing a tool that can measure these minuscule amounts of thrust. So a team of physicists at Germany’s Technische Universität Dresden set out to create a device that would fill this need. Led by physicist Martin Tajmar, the SpaceDrive project aims to create an instrument so sensitive and immune to interference that it would put an end to the debate once and for all. In October, Tajmar and his team presented their second set of experimental EmDrive measurements at the International Astronautical Congress, and their results will be published in Acta Astronautica this August. Based on the results of these experiments, Tajmar says a resolution to the EmDrive saga may only be a few months away.
Many scientists and engineers dismiss the EmDrive because it appears to violate the laws of physics. Microwaves pushing on the walls of an EmDrive chamber seem to generate thrust ex nihilo, which runs afoul of the conservation of momentum—it’s all action and no reaction. Proponents of the EmDrive, in turn, have appealed to fringe interpretations of quantum mechanics to explain how the EmDrive might work without violating Newtonian physics. “From the theory point of view, no one takes this seriously,” Tajmar says. If the EmDrive is able to produce thrust, as some groups have claimed, he says they have “no clue where this thrust is coming from.” When there’s a theoretical rift of this magnitude in science, Tajmar sees only one way to close it: experimentation.
In late 2016, Tajmar and 25 other physicists gathered in Estes Park, Colorado, for the first conference dedicated to the EmDrive and related exotic propulsion systems. One of the most exciting presentations was given by Paul March, a physicist at NASA’s Eagleworks lab, where he and his colleague Harold White had been testing various EmDrive prototypes. According to March’s presentation and a subsequent paper published in the Journal of Propulsion and Power, he and White observed several dozen micro-newtons of thrust in their EmDrive prototype. (For the sake of comparison, a single SpaceX Merlin engine produces around 845,000 Newtons of thrust at sea level.) The problem for Harold and White, however, was that their experimental setup allowed for several sources of interference, so they couldn’t say for sure whether what they observed was thrust.
Tajmar and the Dresden group used a close replica of the EmDrive prototype used by Harold and White in their tests at NASA. It consists of a copper frustum—a cone with its top lopped off—that is just under a foot long. This design can be traced back to the engineer Roger Shawyer, who first described the EmDrive in 2001. During tests, the EmDrive cone is placed in a vacuum chamber. Outside the chamber, a device generates a microwave signal that gets relayed, using coaxial cables, to antennas inside the cone.
This isn’t the first time the Dresden team has sought to measure nearly imperceptible amounts of force. They built similar contraptions for their work on ion thrusters, which are used to precisely position satellites in space. These micro-newton thrusters are the kind that were used by the LISA Pathfinder mission, which needs extremely precise positioning ability to detect faint phenomena like gravitational waves. But to study the EmDrive and similar propellantless propulsion systems, Tajmar says, required nano-newton resolution.
Their approach was to use a torsion balance, a pendulum-type balance that measures the amount of torque applied to the axis of the pendulum. A less sensitive version of this balance was also used by the NASA team when they thought their EmDrive produced thrust. To accurately gauge the small amount of force, the Dresden team used a laser interferometer to measure the physical displacement of the balance scales produced by the EmDrive. According to Tajmar, their torsion scale has a nano-newton resolution and supports thrusters weighing several pounds, making it the most sensitive thrust balance in existence.
But a really sensitive thrust balance isn’t much use unless you can also determine whether the detected force is in fact thrust and not an artifact of outside interference. And there are plenty of alternate explanations for Harold and White’s observations. To determine whether an EmDrive actually produces thrust, researchers must be able to shield the device from interference caused by the Earth's magnetic poles, seismic vibrations from the environment, and the thermal expansion of the EmDrive due to heating from the microwaves.
Tweaks to the design of the torsion balance—to better control the EmDrive's power supply and shield it from magnetic fields—took care of some of the interference issues, Tajmar says. A more difficult problem was how to address “thermal drift.” When power flows to the EmDrive, the copper cone heats up and expands, which shifts its center of gravity just enough to cause the torsion balance to register force that can be mistaken as thrust. Tajmar and his team hoped that changing the orientation of the thruster helped address that issue.
Over the course of 55 experiments, Tajmar and his colleagues registered an average of 3.4 micro-newtons of force from the EmDrive, which was very similar to what the NASA team found. Alas, these forces did not appear to pass the thermal drift test. The forces seen in the data were more indicative of thermal expansion than thrust.
All hope is not lost for the EmDrive, however. Tajmar and his colleagues are also developing two additional types of thrust balances, including a superconducting balance that will, among other things, help to eliminate false positives produced by thermal drift. If they detect force from an EmDrive on these balances, there’s a high probability that it is actually thrust. But if no force is registered on these balances, it likely means that all the previous EmDrive thrust observations were false positives. Tajmar says he hopes to have a final verdict by the end of the year.
But even a negative result from that work might not kill the EmDrive for good. There are many other propellantless propulsion designs to pursue. And if scientists ever do develop new forms of weak propulsion, the hyper-sensitive thrust balances developed by Tajmar and the Dresden team will almost certainly play a role in sorting science fact from science fiction.
Amazon showAmazon shows off new delivery drone that flies like a helicopter and a planes off new delivery drone that flies like a helicopter and a plane
Amazon shows off new delivery drone that flies like a helicopter and a plane.
by ALAIN SHERTER
Amazon's new electric delivery drone is designed to ferry light packages to customers' homes in less than 30 minutes.
The ecommerce company says the unmanned aircraft uses AI and other advanced tech to safely fly and avoid obstacles.
The FAA has certified both Amazon and a service being developed by Google-parent Alphabet to introduce commercial drone deliveries in 2019.
Amazon also touts "Prime Air" as good for the air itself. Its drones are electric, which the company said will help reduce the carbon emissions that come with delivering packages by truck or car.
What can hover like a helicopter, fly like a plane and deliver household goods practically right to your door in under an hour? No, it's not Superman side-hustling for a few extra bucks — try Amazon's latest AI-powered drone, which the ecommerce company unveiled on Wednesday at its conference in Las Vegas.
As YouTube footage of the machine shows below, the Amazon unmanned aircraft does vertical takeoffs and landings, like a chopper, before shifting into airplane mode. The drone uses sensors, stereo optics and other software to avoid crashing into chimneys, power lines or other urban obstacles. It can also detect moving objects in the air, Jeff Wilke, CEO of Amazon Worldwide Consumer, said on the company's blog, which will come as a relief to paragliders.
"A customer's yard may have clotheslines, telephone wires or electrical wires. Wire detection is one of the hardest challenges for low-altitude flights," he wrote. "Through the use of computer-vision techniques we've invented, our drones can recognize and avoid wires as they descend into, and ascend out of, a customer's yard."
The demonstration is part of an Amazon project, dubbed Prime Air, that aims to enable drone delivery of small packages in less than 30 minutes. Wilke said the company expects the service to be up and flying "within months."
While that timeline sounds ambitious, the Federal Aviation Administration on Wednesday certified Prime Air to operate drones for deliveries, according to Yahoo! Finance. The agency in April gave Google's drone service the green light to start making commercial deliveries this year.
Amazon also touts Prime Air as good for the air itself. Its drones are electric, which the company said will help reduce the global-warming carbon emissions that come with delivering packages by truck or car, as well as cut back on short consumer trips to the store.
"With a service like Prime Air, we'll be able to order from home and stay home. This saves tremendously on fuel usage and reduces emissions," Wilke said.
Amazon, which has been criticized for not doing more to fight climate change, earlier this year announced plans to make half of all its shipments carbon-neutral by 2030. Along with using drones, it plans to reach that goal by using more solar power and shifting to electric delivery vehicles, among other measures.
WINDHAM, New Hampshire — In 2004, Commander David Fravor, an aviator in the U.S. Navy, saw something in the skies he'd never seen before. He wasn't sure what it was, but he decided to follow it in his F/A-18 Super Hornet, and he became convinced that the object's maneuvering could not be explained by the existing capabilities of modern aircraft.
“It was far beyond the technology that we have,” he told VICE News.
For a long time, Fravor, a skeptic of the notion of extraterrestrial visitors, said nothing. But in 2017, he and his co-pilot went public with their stories in the New York Times. The response was immediate: The UFO community saw their accounts as proof of extraterrestrial life, and Fravor became a sort of messiah.
The newfound notoriety made Fravor deeply uncomfortable.
“I’m not that kind of person," he said. “I underestimated the power of a New York Times article. I’ll never do that again.”
He also vowed to stay out of the spotlight. But last month, Fravor reluctantly agreed to be a featured speaker at the McMenamins UFO Fest, in McMinnville, Oregon, the world's premier extraterrestrial expo.
VICE News was there for Fravor's first public appearance since the article in the Times — and, he swears, his last.
Flying saucers: Why Roswell was just the tip of the iceberg
Flying saucers: Why Roswell was just the tip of the iceberg
By New York Post Video
For decades after a UFO crashed in Roswell, New Mexico, eerily similar flying saucer sightings dominated headlines around the globe. In this episode of “The Basement Office,” Nick Pope, formerly of the UK’s Ministry of Defence, joins us to connect the dots between those sightings and analyze the most credible reports.
Check out the last episode of “The Basement Office” here,and subscribe to our YouTube!
BIZAREen stevige ‘kwak’ van zo’n 130 km breed die dinsdagavond op de Amerikaanse weerradar verscheen, sloeg Amerikaanse meteorologen met verstomming. Het bleek geen onweersbui of storm te zijn, maar een enorme zwerm lieveheersbeestjes. De kevertjes vlogen gezamenlijk hoog boven San Diego in Zuid-Californië.
Volgens weerman Joe Dandrea hadden de lieveheersbeestjes zich verspreid over een gebied van 130 km op 130 km - op een hoogte tussen 1,5 en 2,7 kilometer - maar was de grootste concentratie kevertjes zo’n 16 km breed.
AP
Toen Dandrea het bizarre fenomeen op de radar spotte, belde hij een waarnemer in de bergen van San Bernardino ten noordoosten van Los Angeles om te vragen wat ze nu precies aan het waarnemen waren. Hij zei dat hij “kleine stipjes voorbij zag vliegen”, aldus Dandrea.
The Times suggereert dat het om de ‘hippodamia convergens’ ging, een van de 200 soorten die in Californië voorkomen. Deze lieveheersbeestjes paren in de lente en zoeken dan grotere hoogtes op om te migreren van de Sierra Nevada naar valleien, waar ze zich tegoed doen aan bladluizen en waar ze hun eieren leggen.
NWS San Diego✔@NWSSanDiego
The large echo showing up on SoCal radar this evening is not precipitation, but actually a cloud of lady bugs termed a "bloom" #CAwx
The FBI on Wednesday published the findings of their short-lived 1970s investigation into the existence of Bigfoot — the elusive mythical creature that’s rumored to have stalked the North American wilderness for decades.
The anticlimactic results of its 1976-1977 probe, however, determined the hair samples it examined were not from Bigfoot — but from “a member of the deer family.”
The feds released the 22-page investigation from the FBI Records Vault, which publishes department files requested through the Freedom of Information Act.
The probe kicked off at the behest of Peter Bryne, who at the time was the director of the now-shuttered Bigfoot Information Center and Exhibition in Oregon.
The center obtained a hair sample attached to a piece of skin — which it couldn’t identify and believed belonged to the furry Bigfoot.
Byrne in 1976 mailed the sample to the FBI, asking it to test it.
“We do not often come across hair which we are unable to identify and the hair that we have now, about 15 hairs attached to a tiny piece of skin, is the first that we have obtained in six years which we feel may be of importance,” Byrne wrote.
The FBI told the group its labs are typically used for research related to criminal investigations but consented to test the hair sample “in the interest of research and scientific inquiry.”
The feds closed out their Bigfoot investigation in 1977 once they traced the hairs to the “deer family” — but since then that hasn’t stopped the Bigfoot believers and their speculative sightings.
FBI geeft documenten over onderzoek naar Bigfoot vrij. Lees ze hier
FBI geeft documenten over onderzoek naar Bigfoot vrij. Lees ze hier
De FBI heeft woensdag documenten uit de jaren zeventig vrijgegeven die betrekking hebben op het onderzoek naar het bestaan van Bigfoot.
De stukken gaan onder meer over mysterieuze haren die waren gevonden, maar die later afkomstig bleken te zijn van een ‘hertachtige’.
De documenten zijn te lezen in de FBI Records Vault, waar informatie wordt gepubliceerd die is vrijgegeven na een Wob-verzoek.
Testen
Het Bigfoot-onderzoek werd opgestart op verzoek van Peter Bryne, destijds directeur van het Bigfoot Information Center and Exhibition in Oregon.
Het centrum had een stuk huid met een aantal haren binnengekregen dat het niet kon thuisbrengen.
Bryne vermoedde dat het toebehoorde aan Bigfoot. In 1976 stuurde hij het op naar de FBI, met het verzoek om het te testen.
Van belang
“We komen niet vaak haren tegen die we niet kunnen identificeren, en het haar dat we nu hebben – zo’n 15 haren aan een klein stuk huid – is het eerste materiaal in zes jaar tijd waarvan wij denken dat het van belang zou kunnen zijn,” aldus Bryne.
De FBI liet de groep weten dat haar laboratoria normaal gesproken alleen worden gebruikt voor onderzoek dat gerelateerd is aan strafzaken, maar was bereid een uitzondering te maken.
De dienst concludeerde dat de haren afkomstig waren van een ‘hertachtige’. In 1977 werd het Bigfoot-onderzoek gesloten.
David Wilcock: Planet X - We Found Something in the Sumerian Kings List and It's Huge!
David Wilcock:Planet X - We Found Something in the Sumerian Kings List and It's Huge!
Discovered in the Sumerian cuneiform tablets, the Ancient Kings List says we are over 266,000 years old.
The Sumerian Epic spirals around the exploration of one of the most curious and fascinating interpretations of the Sumerian Tablets – the story that Tiamat and Marduk were not “gods”, but planets in our early solar system.
This theory accounts for a number of anomalies in our solar system today, such as the Asteroid Belt, Pluto’s strange orbit, the sideways tilt of Uranus, and so much more. With such a unique interpretation, it’s time we truly investigate it and see if there’s any validity to this theory, once and for all.
Aliens being "Made, Hatched, Cloned, and Manufactured" The TRUTH Will SCARE You!
Aliens being "Made, Hatched, Cloned, and Manufactured" The TRUTH Will SCARE You!
Former CIA Agent and Alien Hunter Derrel Sims talks about his lifelong quest for the truth with the alien presence on Earth and their nefarious agendas! He hunts these extraterrestrials and collects evidence, data, witness testimonies and fights to expose the true intentions behind these sinister beings with their human experiments. He explains how these aliens are “Made, Hatched, Cloned, and Manufactured” by some rogue element within our government. He states that the aliens don’t have a planet, their “DNA comes from here”. Then he explained how all aliens are genetically modified. He goes on to connect the dots with the extraterrestrial presence of today with that of the ancient past. He gave his take with Zecharia Sitchin, the Anunnaki, Fallen Angels, and the Sumerian Civilization.
Frances Swan was a woman from Eliot, Maine, USA who claimed, in May 1954, startling contact with extraterrestrial beings via automatic-writing. As for what automatic-writing actually is, there’s this from the Psychic Elements blog: “Automatic writing, also known as Spirit writing, is a psychic gift and may be the one of the easiest psychic abilities to develop. Successful automatic writing is a powerful experience. Automatic writing is a way to channel information (including predictions and prophecy) and spirit energy through writing. It is the ability to allow intuition from outside you to flow through you. Automatic writing is a form of intuition that has been around for thousands of years. But it wasn’t until the late 1800’s and early 1900’s that it became better known through the worldwide spread of the Spiritualism movement.”
UFO researcher Grant Cameron says: “Mrs. Swan began receiving messages in April 1954 from a group of aliens who claimed they were orbiting the earth in two large satellites. The two main aliens in the group were AFFA who commanded ship M-4, and PONNAR who commanded ship L-11. These aliens told Mrs. Swan that they had a base on the moon, and that they were here to warn against many earthly pursuits such as the development of atomic weapons. These messages continued for decades, and drew the interest of the FBI, Navy Intelligence, and the CIA.”
It transpires that Swan’s activities had been indirectly brought to the attention of the FBI by retired Rear Admiral Herbert Bain Knowles. He just happened to be Swan’s next-door neighbor. And who lived down the street from Swan and Knowles? None other than famous alien abductees Betty and Barney Hill! Coincidentally or not, Knowles later became a board director with NICAP, the National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena, which was formed in 1956. Knowles helped Swan to pen a letter sent to Maine Senator Margaret Chase Smith, which he, Knowles, personally endorsed. It was a letter that outlined Swan’s claims. From there, the letter was forwarded to the Secretary of Defense, whose office then circulated it to the FBI, Navy, Army, Air Force and, finally, the CIA. For those who may not know, under the leadership of Major Donald H. Keyhoe, Marine Corps (Ret.), NICAP was practically obsessed with the “interplanetary” theory for the UFO phenomenon.
FBI records on Swan exist and provide the following (along with much more of a different nature, which I’ll relate in a later article): “…Mrs. Swan stated that there were two spaceships from which she had been receiving messages. They were described as 150 miles wide, 200 miles in length, and 100 miles in depth…these ships are designated as M-4 and L-11 and they also contain mother ships which measure approximately 150 to 200 feet in length…there were approximately 5,000 of these mother ships…’Affa’ is the Manager of the Commander of the ship M-4 which is from the planet Uranus and ‘Ponnar’ is the Manager or the Commander of the ship L-11 which is from the planet Hatann…”
The FBI continued: “These contacts with ‘Affa’ and ‘Ponnar’ were for the purpose of protecting our own earth from destruction caused by the explosion of the atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb, and wars of various kinds which they, ‘Affa’ and ‘Ponnar,’ say disrupt the magnetic field of force which surrounds the earth…’Affa’ and ‘Ponnar’ are presently working the area of the Pacific Ocean repairing ‘fault lines’ which are in danger of breaking.”
As is almost always the case with messages received via automatic writing, they did not live up to their initial promise. The mysterious Affa had assured Swan that he would appear in person for officials from the Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI), or would make contact by other means, on a particular date in the summer of 1954. He did not. Nor did Affa’s prediction to Swan come true that: “…this earth is really going to end as stated in the Holy Bible around 1956.” All attempts by ONI personnel to contact Affa via telepathy, in the company of Swan, also failed.
According to a classified report prepared by Project Blue Book’s Major Robert Friend, a secret meeting was held on July 9, 1959 at a CIA office in Washington under the direction of Arthur Lundahl – of the CIA’s National Photographic Interpretation Center. Present at the meeting was a representative of the Office of Naval Intelligence, and seven CIA officers. Three days prior to the July 9 meeting, a Naval Intelligence officer, one Commander Larsen, discussed with Lundahl the failed Frances Swan/Naval Intelligence contact experiment of the summer of 1954. Larsen was encouraged to repeat the experiment, which involved him “going into a trance,” Friend later told writer and filmmaker Robert Emenegger. This time it was said to have been successful: a flying saucer suddenly appeared on the scene.
Documentation on this later incident referred to the sighting of an aerial craft described as being “round with the perimeter brighter than the center.” But when checks were made with radar operatives in Washington, “for some unknown reason radar return from the direction in which the ship was supposedly seen had blocked out at the time of the sighting.”
The report also noted that, “The Navy indicates that through these contacts Mrs. Swan has been able to answer technical questions beyond the level of her education or background.” While the Navy clearly did not rule out all that had gone down, I should stress that, in relation to Frances Swan’s claims, the Navy could certainly have put things in a far less condescending and insulting fashion when it came to the matter of her “level of her education or background.”
Despite decades of fruitless searching, Bigfoot continues to capture our imagination. Sightings of the legendary creature remain rampantthroughout North America and the mythical hairy biped is all over our popular culture these days, popping up in everything from beef jerky advertisements to pornography and even political campaigns. Sometimes at the same time.Yuck.
Bigfoot may have seen a massive resurgence in popularity in recent years, but study of the ape-man remains mostlyrelegated to the cesspool of cable TV or the fringes of amateur research. While some legitimate scientific have been conducted on various artifacts, footage, and photographs over the years, serious study of Bigfoot remains somewhat taboo in most scientific communities. UFO researchers and ghost hunters can relate.
It turns out, though, that some of America’s acronym-bearing intelligence and law enforcement agencies have taken a look into alleged sightings of Bigfoot or his international relatives over the years. The latest revelation concerning The Man’s interest in the paranormal come by way of the FBI. New FOIA documents obtained by John Greenwald Jr. at The Black Vaultshow that the FBI once took the legendary skunk ape seriously enough to examine a clump of 15 unidentified hairs claimed to be from the large-footed one itself. Could the FBI possess evidence of the existence of the legendary creature?
Trick question: we all know the really good stuff never leaves a paper trail and ends up in that warehouse at the end of Raiders of the Lost Ark. Still, these documents add to the growing body of evidence that shows the Feds have taken more of an interest in the anomalous over the years than they may let on. These latest documents are far from a smoking gun (steaming footprint?), but at least show that the FBI took the alleged Bigfoot hair seriously enough to analyze it in their own labs.
The documents consist mainly of correspondence that took place in 1976 between Peter Byrne, former director of the now-defunct Bigfoot Information Center and Exhibition in Oregon, and FBI Assistant Director Jay Cochran Jr. Byrne sent the samples to the FBI, writing that “we do not often come across hair which we are unable to identify and the hair that we have now, about 15 hairs attached to a tiny piece of skin, is the first that we have obtained in six years which we feel may be of importance.” Cochran took Byrne’s request in stride, replying that while the Bureau typically doesn’t assist in these types of studies, it would let it slide this one time:
The FBI Laboratory conducts examinations primarily of physical evidence for law enforcement agencies in connection with criminal investigations. Occasionally, on a case-by-case basis, in the interest of research and scientific inquiry, we make exceptions to this general policy. With this understanding, we will examine the hairs and tissue mentioned in your letter.
Another memo in the documents notes that “this does not represent a change in Bureau policy” but that the FBI’s labs sometimes assist with these types of requests “in the interest of research and legitimate scientific inquiry.” The hairs were eventually sent to the Academy of Applied Science in Boston, after which it was determined that “the hairs are of deer family origin” based on their microscopic structure and comparisons with known deer samples.
I just have to wonder, though: let’s say that someone found actual evidence of Bigfoot and sent it to the FBI for analysis; would the Bureau ever really reveal the existence of the legendary creature? Think how many gun-wielding would-be Bigfoot-slayers would descend upon whatever heavily forested area that evidence was found in, ready to make history with guns loaded and adrenaline running high. Accidental shootings would be in the dozens. It’s happened before.
This is a photo from the European Space Administration (ESA) of comet 67P, notoriously known as the singing comet, which is shaped like the head, neck and chest of an alien (click here). Don't get me wrong, skull shaped comets have been seen before (click here) by the ESA, but the detail is lacking compared to 67P. I love this comet, because for 20+ years it been sending a singing message (bottom of post). An alien message asking other life forms to come meet them. This is why when ESA scientists first heard it 20 years ago, they built the Rosetta satellite to answer its call. Apparently there was a message they decoded, but never shared it with the public. Just like they never shared the fact that the comet sings until just last year, 20 years after Rosetta was created was about to land on it. Now, I'm all for suspense and all, but why the hell does the ESA think they can keep the public in the dark about its singing message for so long? Because they didn't want the Chinese, Americans or Russians to get there first. None of them trusts each other enough with telling the other the truth about what they find on the comet. Thats where I come in. You got me, and thats a hell of a lot better than what you had a few minutes ago. I found a really large face of an alien species today, but its not like its the only one I ever found on the comet. Its probably closer to number 35. Not to mention the 80 meter metal skeleton I found (click here) or the UFO disk(click here) that was hovering above its surface. However, today I found several faces, one with a crown that has very Mayan features and another that looks human, but with enlarged features. Oh, and of course I found some mech four legged robot that looks like its a large gun on four legs. There is more in the photo, but I didn't think most people could make out its detail, since a lot will have trouble seeing these more prominent finds. This makes me come to wonder why is this comet singing and why are there 80 meter skeletal remains, flying disks, towers, buildings (click here) or (here), mech guns and many faces scattered across the comet? Was this message meant for Earth, or was it a generic message meant for any species evolved enough to answer it? Which would mean it has flown past many other worlds with life on it. Testing each one with its signal to see if they have reached that point in technological evolution that would make their either a threat, or worth meeting. The signal never the less, continues 24/7 to this day. It may have been sending its message for thousands or millions of years and since aliens will have advanced technology, the aliens that created this comet, single and base would probably still be living and breathing today. Remember technology will allow you to live almost forever (minus accidents). So, for each piece of evidence we find, hundreds of questions pop into our heads. After a hundred discoveries on this comet, I find the universe and aliens more baffling than ever. The questions I have have not been answered, but have only escalated. Who are they? How may species of them exist out there? Where are they now? It goes on and on, but my own thoughts tell me time will tell, knowing the answers wont exist for hundreds of years. Like every discovery ever made about aliens...people will be amazed, confused, and slightly entertained, but one by one they will walk away, losing focus and soon forgetting what they saw here. Its probably a defense mechanism to help one cope with the unknown. But, it lets them sleep better. I can't, I wont, I never will forget any piece of evidence I have ever posted. I often wonder, how much evidence is enough for the world, and I realize, there is no amount of evidence that could come from the public that could sway the publics opinion about the existence of alien life. You see, the people of the world still trust, still depend, still need the government to inform them about the things that are so monumental as the discovery of an alien species, but, that is something the US gov wont do, because it would put China on alert and force China to make contacting aliens and gaining alien technology a number one priority. And the US needs to keep an advantage...watch the right hand of America, as the left had gains the advantage. Its easy for the gov to hide it, because only the government could be trusted to reveal it. We don't trust each other, but we have to if we are going to force disclose. Scott C. Waring www.ufosightingsdaily.com
I found this 80 meters skeleton on Comet P67 also called the singing comet. The original ESA photo has a measurement of 100 meters in its lower right hand corner. I used it to get the true size of the alien body. Now over 20 years ago scientists around the world heard the singing comet. Its song never ends, is always on and always transmitting in radio frequencies. Scientists built the Rosette probe to investigate this song...believing it to be an invitation to meet. What they really found when they got there...we may never know, but I will report to you what I find in the photos to help you decide. I believe the skeleton belonged to the alien race that created the singing comet millions of years ago. I believe it was a scientist who had the idea to make the comet and send it out into the solar system as a international greeting card of sorts. But he probably died before seeing it completed and asked that he be placed upon the comet to explore the universe with his creation. Its kind of poetic really. Scott C. Waring-Taiwan
Already on 15-06-2015
Date of discovery: September 3, 2015 Location of discovery: Comet 67P, at Serqet and Nut Source photo:
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- Gemiddelde waardering: 0/5 - (0 Stemmen) Categorie:Ruins, strange artifacts on other planets, moons, ed ( Fr, EN, NL )
Massive UFO Fleet Over Moscow, Russia, Indications Of Russian ET Meeting. May 18, 2019 Video, UFO Sighting News.
Massive UFO Fleet Over Moscow, Russia, Indications Of Russian ET Meeting. May 18, 2019 Video, UFO Sighting News.
Date of sighting: May 18, 2019
Location of sighting: Moscow, Russia
I think these UFOs passing across the moon have a connection with the Russian government. There is no way that Russia would allow anything to enter their airspace without some Migs intercepting them. The fact that we don't hear any jets is clear indication that these objects have flight clearance to pass over the capital city of Moscow. I have long believed that Russia and the USA have worked together to get an to hide alien technology in order to make Asia fall behind in technology. World power is dependent on having the most advanced technology at hand. This UFO fleet over Moscow tells me there is an important meeting taking place with higher ups in the Russian government and aliens.
Nick Pope said that there is now enough evidence about UFOs that 'you can't really ignore it'
THE new claims of UFO sighting by US Navy pilots which The National reported last week should be taken seriously, according to the man who headed up the Ministry of Defence’s 1990s project on UFOs.
Nick Pope, speaking in the US at the weekend, said that there is now enough evidence about UFOs that “you can’t really ignore it”.
Speaking on John Catsimatidis’s “The Cats Roundtable” radio show on AM 970 in New York, Pope said: “There has been an increased number of cases where not only has the radar tracked these objects performing extraordinary speeds and manoeuvres but then the pilots have been vectored to intercept them. And they’ve had visual sightings. So when you have visual sightings and the radar evidence together, at that point, you can’t really ignore it.”
Pope said that sightings of unidentified objects are “happening much more often than people realize. The issue is that a few years ago these sorts of things were often ignored. And it was easier for service chiefs to say, ‘Well, maybe there was a problem with the radar system.’ They can’t say that anymore.”
Pope explained that people used to say that these type of sightings were by those who were unfamiliar with next generation aircraft or drones, but “the US Navy in their most recent statement put this beyond debate”.
Pope said that American usage of the phrase, “Unidentified Aerial Phenomena” was proof that the incidents were being taken seriously “That is the military and intelligence community’s absolute standard term for UFOs,” said Pope.”These stories are now everywhere.
“The British Government is just in the final stage now of an 11-year project to declassify and release lots of documents about UFOs.
“In fact, around 60,000 documents on UFOs have been declassified and released by the British Government in the last few years.”
This is reportedly a US government video taken by the forward-looking infrared system of a Navy F/A-18 Super Hornet that encountered an unidentified aircraft off the East Coast in 2015. The fighter jet’s pilots were excited by what they saw.
Credit: To The Stars Academy of Arts & Science/YouTube
As Politico first reported in late April, the US Navy “is drafting new guidelines for pilots and other personnel to report encounters with ‘unidentified aircraft,’ a significant new step in creating a formal process to collect and analyze the unexplained sightings—and destigmatize them.” In a statement to Politico, the Navy cited “a number of reports of unauthorized and/or unidentified aircraft entering various military-controlled ranges and designated air space in recent years.”
A former senior intelligence officer recently told the Washington Post that the newly drafted guidelines for pilots mean the Navy has credible evidence of things “that can fly over our country with impunity, defying the laws of physics, and within moments could deploy a nuclear device at will.”
In addition to “unauthorized and/or unidentified aircraft,” the Pentagon refers to such sightings as “unexplained aerial phenomena” or “suspected incursions.” But please don’t call them UFOs. By definition, UFOs are nothing more than unidentified flying objects, but in the popular imagination they have become closely associated with creatures from outer space. As the New York Timesnoted in a report last week, “No one in the Defense Department is saying that the objects were extraterrestrial, and experts emphasize that earthly explanations can generally be found for such incidents.”
Many UFOs turn out to be identifiable flying objects, atmospheric phenomena, or hoaxes. Sometimes they are secret military projects. The mother of all UFO narratives, the so-called Roswell Incident, is deeply rooted in the nation’s nuclear history.
In 1995, the US Air Force published a 994-page collection of records and information about the July 1947 incident, the alleged crash and recovery of a flying saucer and its alien occupants in a remote part of New Mexico. An Air Force Declassification and Review Team concluded that the Army Air Forces (as the Air Force was known at that time) did indeed recover material near Roswell in 1947. However, this material was debris from a secret experiment launched in the early days of the Cold War.
Called Project Mogul, the experiment was an attempt to detect Soviet nuclear weapon explosions and ballistic missile launches. Maurice Ewing, a researcher at Columbia University and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, had previously discovered an ocean layer that could easily conduct the sound of underwater explosions for thousands of miles, and he hoped to find a similar channel in the upper atmosphere. Launched from New Mexico’s Alamogordo Air Field in June 1947, Mogul was a string of weather balloons more than 600 feet long that carried acoustical sensors and oddly constructed radar-reflecting targets. Ultimately, detecting explosions with seismic sensors and air sampling proved to be more accurate and less expensive than acoustic detection. As the Air Force explained in a 1997 follow-up report, claims that alien “bodies” were recovered near Roswell, which did not begin appearing until the 1970s, were probably references to anthropomorphic test dummies carried aloft by high-altitude balloons used in unrelated scientific research.
At the time of the Roswell Incident, the nation’s only nuclear strike force was based at the Roswell Army Airfield—a closely held secret. That may have contributed to the secrecy surrounding the recovery of Project Mogul debris.
Long after the Cold War ended, some observers continue to report a pattern of suspicious UFO activity near missile silos and other nuclear weapons sites. Perhaps it is not surprising that two subjects that have long raised intense fears—nuclear war and alien invasion—should be linked.
While military sightings of unidentified aircraft are getting more attention of late, UFO sightings by the general public have actually been declining for the past few years, according to the National UFO Reporting Center and the Mutual UFO Network, two online sites that collect and analyze reports. One possible explanation: the military’s increased transparency about reporting and investigating alleged encounters.
TOOL TIME Researchers study sediments in Ethiopia where sharp-edged stone tools dating to around 2.6 million years ago were found. Rocks placed over excavated areas protected fragile sediment.
ERIN DIMAGGIO
Discoveries in East Africa of what may be the oldest expertly sharpened stone implements suggest that early members of the human genus, Homo, invented these tools by around 2.6 million years ago, researchers say. But their conclusions are controversial.
New finds at a site in Ethiopia called Ledi-Geraru fit a scenario in which various early Homo groups devised ways to sharpen hand-held stones, assert archaeologist David Braun of George Washington University in Washington, D.C., and his colleagues. Ledi-Geraru artifacts date to between 2.58 million and 2.61 million years ago, the team reports online June 3 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Another team previously had unearthed sharpened stones that were 2.55 million to 2.58 million years old at Gona, a nearby Ethiopian site (SN: 4/17/04, p. 254). Until now, those were the oldest examples of cutting and digging devices with systematically sharpened edges. Archaeologists refer to these types of artifacts as Oldowan tools because the first examples were found at East Africa’s Olduvai Gorge.
Age estimates for Ledi-Geraru artifacts were determined by where they were found, between a dated layer of volcanic ash and sediment preserving a known reversal of Earth’s magnetic field. Stone tools at Ledi-Geraru “are probably at least 50,000 years older, but could be up to 100,000 years older than Gona artifacts,” Braun says. His team recovered 300 stone artifacts, including sharp-edged rocks and larger rocks from which those implements were struck. Those finds were strewn among 330 fossilized bones of nonhuman animals.
Sharp end
One of the oldest known sharpened tools, unearthed in Ethiopia, is shown here from different angles in photographs, top, and 3-D computer models, bottom.
D.R. BRAUN
Older stone tools have been discovered. For instance, large stone implements found in Kenya at a site called Lomekwi 3, many perhaps best suited for pounding objects, may date to 3.3 million years ago (SN: 6/13/15, p. 6). Contested evidence, based on possible stone-tool incisions on two 3.4 million-year-old animal bones, suggests that Australopithecus afarensis, ancient hominids best known for Lucy’s partial skeleton, butchered animals before the Homo genus appeared (SN: 9/11/10, p. 8). And present-day chimps and monkeys crack open nuts with stones, a sign that such behavior extends far back in primate evolution (SN: 11/26/16, p. 16).
But the Ledi-Geraru artifacts indicate that Homo, which possibly originated around 2.8 million years ago based on a jaw already found at Ledi-Geraru (SN: 4/4/15, p. 8), took stone-tool making to a new level characterized by skilled edge sharpening, Braun’s group argues.
Archaeologist Ignacio de la Torre of University College London, who did not participate in the new study, agrees. “The association of Oldowan tools with early Homomay be best explained by shifts in diet and access to animal meat through scavenging,” he says.
Animal bones unearthed with the Ledi-Geraru artifacts came from creatures such as gazelles and giraffes that would have inhabited open grasslands with few trees, Braun’s team says. That landscape likely presented frequent scavenging opportunities, the researchers suspect. Lucy’s species would have spied fewer fresh animal carcasses, they contend, because the same part of East Africa featured shrubs with occasional stands of trees and forested areas during her time period.
An ability to cut meat and other food with stone tools may have influenced a transition to smaller teeth observed in early Homo specimens, Braun’s group holds.
No stone tools dating to between 3.3 million and 2.6 million years ago have been found, so it’s unclear if Ledi-Geraru artifacts represented a rapid change in toolmaking or an elaboration of earlier techniques, says archaeologist Sonia Harmand of Stony Brook University in New York. Sharp-edged flakes struck from larger rocks have been found at Kenya’s Lomekwi 3, so precursors of Oldowan techniques might have started developing as early as 3.3 million years ago, says Harmand, who directed Lomekwi 3 excavations.
ANCIENT FLYOVER A drone provides a panoramic tour of Ethiopia’s Ledu-Geraru site and the spot where scientists unearthed what they say are the oldest known stone tools with sharpened edges.
Other researchers doubt both Braun’s and Harmand’s conclusions. Ledi-Geraru discoveries add to an increasingly confusing picture of early stone-tool making, says archaeologist Manuel Domínguez-Rodrigo of Complutense University in Madrid. Until a detailed analysis of sediment formation at the Ledi-Geraru site is published, he is skeptical of the claim that the newly discovered artifacts were found where they were originally deposited or are as old as reported. Similarly, Domínguez-Rodrigo suspects that Harmand’s Lomekwi 3 artifacts originally lay in much younger sediment before erosion and water moved them down a slope to 3.3 million-year-old sediment. And animal trampling likely created the reported incisions on animal bones from Lucy’s time, he argues.
Ledi-Geraru artifacts were also found on a slope where they could originally have lain in sediment from after 2.6 million years ago, says archaeologist Yonatan Sahle of the University of Tübingen in Germany. Sahle participated in previous fieldwork at Ledi-Geraru with Braun’s group, but isn’t part of the new paper. It’s “simply unwarranted” to tag stone tools excavated at Ledi-Geraru as the earliest Oldowan specimens without a more thorough sediment analysis, Sahle contends. Even the evolutionary identity and age of the Ledi-Geraru jaw initially assigned to Homo are up for grabs, he says.
Microscopic study of Ledi-Geraru sediment indicates that stone artifacts were dropped at the edge of a lake and quickly covered by earth that held the finds in their original positions, Braun says.
For now, scientists’ clashing positions on the reliability and implications of ancient toolmaking evidence also appear held in place, if not etched in stone.
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Over mijzelf
Ik ben Pieter, en gebruik soms ook wel de schuilnaam Peter2011.
Ik ben een man en woon in Linter (België) en mijn beroep is Ik ben op rust..
Ik ben geboren op 18/10/1950 en ben nu dus 74 jaar jong.
Mijn hobby's zijn: Ufologie en andere esoterische onderwerpen.
Op deze blog vind je onder artikels, werk van mezelf. Mijn dank gaat ook naar André, Ingrid, Oliver, Paul, Vincent, Georges Filer en MUFON voor de bijdragen voor de verschillende categorieën...
Veel leesplezier en geef je mening over deze blog.